JPRS ID: 9732 WORLDWIDE REPORT TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 28
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
- JPRS L/9732 ~
13 May 1981
Worldwide Re ort =
p
TELECOMMUNICATlONS POLICY, �
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
,
CFOUO 7181)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INF4RMATION SERVICE _
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
NOTE
- JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Ma.terials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinte3, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Process~.ng indicators such as [Text)
or [ExcerptJ in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original informa.tion was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark ar~d enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP QF
- MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE Oi~iLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
- FOR O: FICIAL USE ONLY ~
JPRS L/9732
13 May 19 81
WORLDWIDE REPORT
TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- (FOUO 7/sl) _
CON7ENTS
ASIA
JAPAN
NTT's Telecommunications Technology for Information-Oriented -
Society Described
(Masaya Yamauchi; SUSINESS JAPAN, Apr 81) 1
Telecommunicat{.ons Head Discusses Progress in Communications
- System ~
(Arinobu Morizumi; BUSINESS JAPAN, Apr 81) 7 =
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
- UGANDA ~ ~ ' ~ '
Brief s
Japanese Radio Assembly Plant 9
WES'T EUROPE
FRANCE
'SPOT,' 'Landsat' Compatibility Seen Benefiting France
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 21 Mar 81) 10
- _ a _ [III - WW - 140 FOUO]
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
FOl2 OFFICIAI. USE ON1.Y
New, Specialized Satellite Services Discussed -
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 28 Mar 81) 15 ~
I TALY I-
Briefs
- New Digital Fxchange 19
- b -
EOR OFFICIAL USE ONl~Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
F'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLti'
JArAN
NTT' S TELECOMI~IIJNICA.TIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR INFORMATION-ORIENTED SOCIETY DESCbtIBED
Tokyo BUSINESS JAPAN in English Vol 26, No 4 Apr 81 pp 65-74
~Article by Masaya Yamauchi, Ma.naging Director and C'hief Engineer, Nippon Telegraph
& Telephone Public Corporation~
~Text~
TODAY telecommunications net- advanced society, taking into account
works in Japan have spread to that telephone serv'sce will continue to
cover every p~rt of the nation, becom- be the main part of NTT's business,
_ ing indispensable for business, industry snd that we have alre~dy become able
- and the people in general. 'fhe role to fully meet the quantitative demand
played by telecommunicatioi~s as the for telephone service. In the futurc,
centrxl nerve center of our ~;conomic NTT will promote the development of
and social activities has become in- new, easy-to-use, low-cost telephone
creasily important. At the end of fiscal services, while at the same time im-
1979, the total number of telephones proving the style concept and con-
in use in Japan reached 53,630,000, venience of the equipment.
which made Japan second in th~ world Secondly, NTT also must strive for
following only the United States, expansion of various services other
while the number of telephones per than the telephone service. To accom-
100 people was 46.0, which ranked plish this, formation of a new com-
- Japa:, in seventh spot. munications network wil) become
On the other hand, the devel� necessary. In addition to this, we must
opmrnt of electronics such as 1SI has strive for further expansion of digital
accelerated creation of new tele- data exchange systems such as circuit
communications media, end is making switcl-~:ng and packet switching sys-
required telecommunieations ,ervices tems, construction of a public facsi-
' more sophisticated and diversified. mile communication network, and the
Under such circumstances, the role development of visual information ser-
- to be played by Nippon Telegraph & vices represented by CAPTAINS
Telephone Public Corporation (NTT), (Cfiaracter and Pattern Telephone
~ ]apan's principal provider of tele� Access Information System) and VRS
communication serv~ces, is considered (Video Response System).
to be of vital importance as a know� Thirdly, although our t~le�
led~e-intensive industry, As such, it communications technology has al-
has a great responsibility for pro� ready attained the highest level in the
moting techonolo~cal research and world, we must continue our ef-
development. forts, laying emphasis on the devel-
For that reason, we of NTT must, opment of both basic and new tech-
fust of all, strive for qualitative im- nologies such as LSI, digital and op-
provement in our telephon~ �^rvice so tical fiber communication technology.
~ as to meet ttie needs of our technically Di~talization of a network is very
effective in terms of economy, re-
~ 1
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
FOR OFFICIAI. USF OiVLX
liab~~~ty and flexibility. NTT plans to Collect call service was inaugurated
digitalize individ~~al networks such as in August 1980.
the digital data network, pubGc facsi- Data telephonec equipped with en
mile communication network and instrument to disp;o;+ the tele hone
others whose digitalization is urgently number called on pushphones (push-
required, while at the same time di- button telephone sets) and provided
gitalization of the telephone network with a store-and-forward function of
also is to be promoted. As a future the telephone numbee called can be
plan, the individual networks will be used as an input~output devia for
_ integrated, and further efforts will be data communication as well by con-
made to construct an integrated- necting it to a deta processing center
services digital network (1SDN) aiming for processing such transactions as
at a telecommunications network that credit card ver.fi~ation, sales manage-
enables e~eonomic and efficient pro- ment, reservation and credit advice.
vision of convenient, easy-to-use and Sales of this data telephone began in
diverse telecommunications services. pecember 1980 in Tokyo, Osaka and
Nagoya.
- Improvement of Telephone Service In addition, the development of the
EK-50 type key teleplione system is
As to the telephone service, the being promoted to realize improvc-
basic service that enables us in general ment in service functions and mini-
to talk with anyone no matter how aturization of paired cables ttirough
distant the place on a real�time basis introduction of microprocessors in an
has already been realized. However, area where the number of extension
this situation is still far from the ideal telephones exceeds 20.
telephone service where any person
can communicate with any other per- Data Communications Services
son anytime and anywhere. For Data communications have made
example, even though telephone c~r steady progress. With the recent devel-
versations can be made from vehicles opment of communications and com-
- such as autamobiles, trains and ships, puter technology, the variety of mate-
or with the hard of hearing, these rial processed by date communica-
services are utilized only to a limited tions has become wider and the equip-
extent. It cannot be claimed, there- ment m~re sophisticated. Tlu number
fore, that the demands of the nation of domestic data communicatiuns
are fully being met, systems at the end of' tiscal 1979
~ Automobile radio telephone service reached 4,668, while at the same time
was first provided in DecemFier 1979 domestic data communications circuits
- in 23 Wards of Tokyo as a mobile in use totaled ]07,086,
communication service. At present, Since the telephone network has i1s
- the service is provided in the Tokyo limitations in transmitting digital sig-
and Osaka areas. The service area will nals, NTT has promoted the develop-
be gradually expanded to meet future ment of a di~tal data exchange net-
demands. work to overcome this problem. A
Furthermore, NTT began selling in circuit switching service was inaugv-
January 1980 the "Silver Phone rated in December 1979 and packet
Hibiki," a bone conduction telephone, switching service in ]uly 1980 as
- for those with serious hearing prob- advanced data c~mmunication services
lems who were not aided by "Silver for digital transmission and switching.
Phone Meiryo;' an earlier model for In the circuit switching service, a
the hard of hearing. circuit is set up for each communica-
Cordless telephone sets equipped tion, as in the case of the telephone
with a radio circuit (using frequencies network, and communication is made
of 250 MHz band and 400 MHz band) between two terminals at the same rate
replacing the cord on regular sub- of speed. The multiplex time�division
scriber telephone set can be carried signals are transmitted over a digital
anywl~ere for convenient use. Cordless transmission route. Since digital signals
telephone sets were introduced into are switched without conversion, high
service in May 1980 in four cities, reliability can be secured. In case of
_ Toicyo, Yokohama, Nagoya a,id the packet swi?ching service, data is
Osaka. not directly trat~smitted and received
2
- f~OR UFF[CIAL ~ISE ONLl'
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
between the serider and receiver, but is Furtt?ermore, NTT began c~peri-
first divided into sinFle packets of 256 mcnts on VRS in January 1979 in thc -
octets (1 octet = 8 bits). After they center of Tokyo, for the time being on
are once stored in tl~e switching equip- an inhouse VRS system serving some
ment as packets with address informa- ~pp terminals as the test subjects.
Uon, they are transferred through the 'Rtis rystem, differing from CAP-
switched network and sent to the TAINS based on character and pattern
addressee. Each time a packet is trans- information, is capable of handling
ferred, error control is conducted, instantaneously color pictures, infor-
resulting in very high transmission mation in motion and sounds, in addi-
- quality. Furthermore, the packet tion to character and pattem infor-
- switching system allows communica- mation. At present, experiments are
tion between terminals with different being conducted by adding a new
rates of speed, and thereby permits digital-type information file and
flexible system contiguranon. expanding the functions of the system.
Finally, the video conference sys-
Visual Communication Services tem, which can connect two con- '
Visiial communication services now ference rooms located at a distance
under development are facsimile, CAP� from each other by video and audio,
TAINS, VRS and video conference enables its users to see the conferees in
services. a.nother conference ruom on a TV
~ Facsimile service has rapidly come screen, and to participate in a video
into wide use in Japan where com� conference as if they were in the same
plicated kanji characters form the basis room. NTT has been conducting since
of writing since transmission of the ~976 a monitor test on ihe video
kanji is possible and because no full- conference scrvice offered for public
= time operator is needed (or this service U~~ between Tokyo and Osaka.
as is required for telex service, this Furthermore, NTT has developed a
system has become widely used. At Iow-cost video conference system
present, Japan ranks second in the which can be installed in a user's
world - the United States is first - in building or on his premise. This sys-
facsimite-transmitting equipment tem has been undergoing tests since
use with a number that now exceeds March 1978 between Tokyo and
]00,000. From the viewpoint of Osaka with satisfactory results.
popularization of facsimile, NTT has
promoted the development of a sub� Basic Technologies to Support Services
scriber facsimile communication sys� We are promoting the development
tem, incorporating easy-to�use, inex- of various basic technologies in order
pensive and compact facsimile equip- to support the previously mentioned
ment with a network having diverse services, to add sophisticated functions
service functions suitable for facsimile and to meet the ever-increasing needs
communications such as multiple ad� for new services.
dress communication and automatic ~I Technology: LSl is expected, to
- reception. This system is expected to contribute not only to computers but
- be put into service very soon. also to other telecommunications
The deve~~~ment of an interactive equipment such as switching equip-
- visual inform~...::: system is no~� in ment, transmission equipment and ter-
progress in technically advanced coun- minal equipment as very important
tries. This system enables a user to elements to support the future tcle-
obtain whate~~er information he w~ants communications systems. LSI made ot
from the large volume of information a large number of interconnected fine
" stored whene~�er and however much he elements has shown rapid improve-
wants as visual information through ~nt. The number of elements we can
his access to visual information centers put on a chip has been doubled eaeh
frum his tenninal comhining a regular year, thanks to the improvement in
7~V sct with a puslibuttun telephone fine element processing techniques
set. ln Ja~~an, tlie syslem called CAP� such as the electron beam exposure
TAINS l~as heen under juint exreri- technique. At present, a 64 Kbit~chip
= mcros since nc~emher 1979 by the Rpty (random access memory) con-
Ministry of Posts and Tclecommunica� taining tens of thousands of inemory
tions and NTT. elements on a silicon chip of several
3
~ F'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
I
FOit OFFICI~L USE ONLY
mm. square is being introduced into switching equipment, and convcrts the
information processing equipment in pulse train of digital signals passed ;
the DIPS 11(5 series. Furthermore, we through a transmission route, chan~nB
have developed a 256 Kbit~chip MOS the positional nlationship in lerms of ~
- memory, the higtiest integration in the time and space for every message unit.
worid, which contains some 580,000 ,'~'gitaliz8lion of switching equipment
elements on a silicon chip some 6 mm. wi11 be undertaken starting with inter-
~ square, and successfully confirmed its office switching equipment and fol-
performance. lowed by local switclung equipment.
Digital Technology: The rapid devel� Software Techonology: With the
opmenl of LSI technology in recent progress of electronization of equip-
years has brought about draslic ment due to the advance of electronic
clianges in circuit systems, mounting, techno]ogy, software is expected to
equipment constitution and sofiware become the nucleus of all technol-
technologies, and has hacl a great ogies, while at the same Ume the
impact on transmission and switching volume of software and its importance
systems. Furthermare, it w'as 1Sl tech� are increasing rapidly. Since an
nology that made th~ digital system enormous amount of expenditure is
possible, replacing tlie traditional needed for the development of soft-
analog system. Th� digital system ware, and its preparation is labor-
translates every sigi+~. mto a combina- intensive viewed from the intemation-
tion of"]" and "0" pulses, and a al point of view, it is a challenge to
pulse train is multiplexed on a time improve sof/ware programming
division basis for transmission and productivity. -
switching. To meet this challenge, and to
NTT is vigorously promoting the promote reduction in software deve:-
development and introduction of digi- opment costs, produciivity improve-
tal transmission and switching systems. ment such as curtailment of the devel- ,
Digital transmission systems which opment periud, quality improvement _
have already been introduced into such as reliability, flexibility and
commercial use are the DC�100M capability, and improvement in main-
System (1,440 voice channels~system) tenance, we are striving to adopt soft- _
applicable to medium and short dis- ware development techniques, and to
tance routes over coaxial cable, the develop equipment to automatically _
DC-400M System (5,760 voice produce software products and high
channels/system) having the largest level language capability to facilitate
� transmission capacity in the world as a programming and maintenance.
digital transmission system and appli- Optbcal Fber Communications
cable to long distance routes, and the , Technology: The optical ftber com-
= 20 GHz Band Radio PCM System munications system uses optical fibers
(20L-Pl System having a capacity of as its transmission line, and transmits
5,760 voice channels/system) appli- information over lightwaves. We have
cable to long distance transmission developed completely OH free VAD
= routes up to 2,500 kilometers. Further- optical fiber system of less than 0.5
more, for a diptal radio transmission db/km with lo~~ger wavelengths rang-
system, we are promoting the develop- ing from 1.2�m to 1.7�m by refining
ment uf 5 GHz Band Digital Radio the optical rber manufacturing
- System (transmission capacity of 200 method (VAD method) w}uch was
Mb/s/sys) through the improvement of developed by the joint efforts of _
utilization efficiency of frequencies lbaraki Electrical Communication
by using the 16QAM modulation Laboratory and three electric wire
system. thanks to the development of manufacturers in 1976, and by adopt-
mult:levcl modulation and demodula- a high-degree purification inethod
tion technology. by which impurities in the tiber can be
As to digital switching s~~stems, we reduced to less than one ppb (one
are promoting the development of billionth). This has removed some rest� -
- digital switching equipment which rictions on optical fiber communica-
forms message channels w~th elec- tions, made a wavelength division
tronic components such as iSls, dif- multiplexing system possible, and
fering from the ones of the existing taken a great slep toward the develop-
4
FUR OFFIC(AL USE ONLY
. . . . . . . . . . . ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
- FOR OFFlCIAL USE ONLY
ment of lightwave communications. 1u,wcvcr~ computcrs liave come to be
The first field trial of a lightwave u~cd widely in every field of our social
communications system was con� and economic activities. As a result,
ducted in 1978, centering on a 48-core the volume of digital information has
multi-mnde opdcal fiber cable over a increaud~ whfle at the same time
- distance of approximately 20 kilo- semi-conductor components technol~ -
meters between the Karagasaki Con- ogy such as LSl or digita) signal
- trolling F.ad;o Relay Station and the processing teci~nolo~,ry has shown
Hamacho Telephone Office in Tokyo. remarkable progress, lt has bece~me
Subsequently, the second field trial practical to transmit in a digital form
was carried out over an l8 kilometer not only data signals but video signals
distance in Kawasaki in 1980 with such as facsimile wl~ich is analog infor-
satisfactory results. Commercial test- mation in itself and even telepl~one
ing is scheduled to start this year. signals. Consequently, it is now pos-
SatelGte Communications Technol- sible to establish an integrated services
ogy: Satellite communications has the digital network (ISDN) aiming at a
capability of transmitting high-quality telecommunicalions network capable
information to any place on earth, of providing convenient, easy-to-use -
irrespective of geographical teatures, and diverse telecornmunications serv� ~
providing signals over a wide area, as ices economicallv and efficiently -
cumpared with. the existing communi� through integration of individual digi-
- cations lines. 1n December 1977, tal networks at the Tinal stage. Prior to
"Sakura;' a medium-capacity geosta- that, individual digital networks suit-
tionary communications satcll~+~ for able for data communications and
experimentxl use, was launched from facsimile communication must be con-
Japan to undertake variaus cxperi- structed and lhe telephone network
ments. also must be digitalized.
NTT is now developing demand- For the above reasons, NTT is
assigned time division multiple access steadily promoting digitalization of
equipment capable of improving the individual networks such as �he digital
utilization ef~ciency ot ~ommun~ca� data network and the public facsimile
tions satellite channels by severalfold, communication network, aiming at -
and a lightweight (some 2.2 tons) creating an inlegrated system.
30J20 CHz band smal] earth station
that can be installed on a rooftop, Conclusion
aiming at the development of the For NTT, whose busiriess has
communications sateilite II (CS-2) entered into a more creative area aiong -
which is scheduled to be launched in W~~ the progress of the so-c:~lled
19R2. For the time being, CS-2 will be information society, there can be no
used for public communications cir- obvious indicators of future develop-
cuits with the purposes of providing ments as we could count on before, -
reliable communications at times of and it seems that the smooth tech-
emergencies, setting up communica- nological developments as we have
tions lines with isolated islands and progre~sively achieved in the past can
remotc areas, and setting up additional no longer be expected in the future.
_ circuits at ordinary times. However, we accept this as a challenge.
- It is our intention to make further
Establishment of an Integrated Digital efforts to meet the expectations of
Network the nation through out vigorous
Telecommunication services have research and development activities so
been provided so far by separate and as to provide new and improved
independent networks such as the tele- services economically and efficiently
phone network for telephone service, by merging new ideas with new tech-
thc telcr nrlH~urk and the telc~raph nolqgies. ~
- switching nclw~rk. In recent ycars,
S
FUR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
wOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Conceptual Diagram of a Future Telecomm~r.ications Network
r~.~~i Tuw~
f ununu ma t iun Cammun~alba
Rure~unE ~
fenttr Cqlp
Inlurin.~~on IMmm~~w~
A~. nwy f~~. ewry
( min f m1�
1
$ulrniMt y~
[~~m ~a1~M COe1~11Mtflr
hor~IW \
Cema fw~~ -
~ ~rim~Nll~ ne~IN( � � ~ ~ T~i1~1Mi(OIIIIKIYI/~
I ~a v obik tn.ivm..i
X'~ ~9~" ~~c~ o~;~ ~S > y~"~
~ ~ �Y ~~Qs ~ ~ ~qa` ~c x s
n .J
.J . -
Huine TNenmimumanun ( rnicr
~Hume Termmah) Nai~i- Trunlu (Optial Fibcr, faxid Gble, Minov~ve
~nd SieWtel
Sub~criber Line (Op~iol Fi6er1
COPYRIGHT: 1981 The Nihon Kogyo Shimbun
CSO: 5500
6
FOR OFFIC[AL U5E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JAPAN
TELECOMMiJr1ICATIONS HEAD DISCUSSES FROGRESS IN COMMUATICATIONS SYSTEM _
Tokyo BUSINESS JAPAN in English Vol 26, No 4 Apr 81 p 61
~Article by Arinob u Morizumi, Director General of Telecommunica~ions, Ministry of
Posts & Telecommunications~
~Text~
T HE greatest problem relating to nations for the quality of its uniform
Japan's telecommunications nationwide scrvices as well as its
= immediatcly after World War Il was to technology. The number of telephone
establish policies to rehabilitate and subscribers is expected to reach some
expand the telecommunications facil- 38,660,000 soon, about 25 times that
itics that had suffered a crus}?ing blow at the time when NTT was established.
- during the war so as to restore tele- In the field of intemational tele- _
communications services to the peo- communications, KDD has exerted -
ple. In order to achieve this goal, the great efforts in installing wide-band
, government introduced legislation con- communication trunk lines such as -
cerning telecommunications in the submarine cables and intematior.al
t`ust half of the 1950s and established satellite communications. Along .rith
the basis for the current monopolistic the diffusion and expansion of domes-
setup for supplying public telecommu- tic communication networks in many
nications services. These consist of countries, KDD has formed a global
Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd. network of communications, thus en-
(KDD) and Nippon Telegraph and lazging Japan s vital role in the inter-
_ Telepho~e Public Corp. (NTT). As for national society.
- domestic public telecommunications The diffusion and expansion of
services, NTT has, since fiscal 1953, telephone semces have thus reached a
been exerting efforts to complete its Very w8h level, both domestically and
facilities to fill the backlog of orders internationally. ln accordatice with the
for installing telephone sets and to improvement in the people's living,
computeriZe all telephones throughout and the diversi~cation and enhance-
~ the country. Plans to expand telegraph ment of society, new telephone equip-
and telephone services have been ment has been developecl and commu-
undertaken six times. Along with the nication services with moving vehicles _
marked growth of the nation's eco- - automobiles, trains, ships and air-
nomy and the raising of the standard craft - are being steadily expanded. _
of living, demand for telephones in- Along with the rapid progress of _
- creased at an unexpectedly rapid pace. electronics and new demands from
- NTT achieved its main targets through business, industry and the general pub-
its managerial efforts and technical lic, more advanced and diversified
renovations in the first half of the communication means such as data _
1970s. As a result, Japan's telecommu- commwucation and picture cornmu� -
nications are recognized by many nication are becoming widespread.
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~ ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ4QOQ1 Q028-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Data communication, which uru- nications systems were revised, fac- ,
formly transmits and processes data sim~e communication has shown rapid ,
by coru~ecting computers with com- diffusion, supported by the fact that
munication circuits, was launched in the performance of facsim~e has im-
fiscal 1964 in Japan. Since fisca11971 proyed and costs have been reduced.
_ when restrictions placed ozi the use of The number of facsimile units now
- telecommunications circuits were being used in Japan 4otaLs more than
lifted, data communication has rapidly lOC,000, the second largest number
became widespread. During fiscal after the U.S.
1979, NTT counted for data commu- The development of telecommuni-
nication 4,668 systems including man- cations heavily depends on technical _
- agement of inventories for sales, scien- progress. Constant efforts to promote _
tific and technical computations, in- research and development are needed.
formation on the distribution of per- It is also necessary to establish highly _
ishable foods and medical information. reliable and economical telecommuru-
These services are now playing a vital cations networks on a nationwide
role for the nation's industrial and scale. Specialized equipment is a basic
economic activities. requ'uement. Negotiations between the
In order to cope with such rapidly United States and Japan concerning
increasing diversified and improved NTT's equipment procurement'based
utilization of telecommunications, the on GATT {General Agreement on
existing communication networks cen- Tar.ffs and Trade) regulations on
tered around telephone networks aze government procurement, as agreed to
rarely sufficient. New digital commu- at the Tokyo Round (multiple trade
nicatio~ networks that can fit new negotiations) for the purpose of ex-
technologies represented by very lazge pandi.~g trade, ~were concluded at the
scale integration and computers will be end of last yeal. As a result, NTI' .
nceded. For this purpose, NTT has adopted ths so-called three-level sys- _
begun to offer network services de- tem including competitive bidding an~
signed for new types of data communi- two stages of joint development. The
cation, Known as DpX, a circuit ex- new system took effect on January 1,
change service was introduced in 1981.
December 1979 and packet exchange Development of the most advanced
_ service in July 1980. In addition, KDD technologies through intemational
has started in 1980 an intemational competition and joint research and
computer access service (ICAS; which development among advanced indus-
- maintains direct connection with a trial countries will assure the fureher
data base in the U.S., allowing retrieval progress of pioneering technologies.
of various information en line. Data To promote this goal, NTT is respon-
communication between both coun- sible for encouraging campetitive
tries is thus activety being promoted. biddings, both internationally and
- Along with data communication, domestically, conceming the procure-
facsirn~e comm~mication is also rapid� rnent of required equipment and
ly growing. This method of commwu- materials. On the basis of the newly
- cation is most suitable for Japan as concluded agreement, NTT is exerting
complex Chinese characters are used in efforts to implement the new proce-
writing. Since 1971 when telecommu- dures for procuring equipment and _
materials. ~
COPYRIGHT: 1981 The Nihon Kogyo Shimbun -
CSO: SS00
ti
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
~ FOR OFFICIAL IJSE UNLY -
UGANDA
' BRIEFS
, JAPANESE RADIO ASSEMBLY PLANT--The Japanese Matshushita Company presumably intends -
- to install a sma11 plant to assemble radios and to maizufacture dry-cell batteries
- in Kampa~a. Matshushita had already tried one in Uganda beginning in 1975 but had
to give it up becaiise of the country's econo~nic situation. [T~xt] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 20 Mar 81 p 795]
CSO: 5500
~
~ 9
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
FOR OF'F[CIAL USE ONLY
FRANCE -
'SPOT,' 'LANDSAT' COMPATIBILITY SEEN BENEFITING FRANCE -
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 21 Mar 81 pp 53-54
~Article by Pierre Langereux~
~ ~Text~ The future looks favorable for the putting in place of an operational
"SPOT" ~Earth Observation Probe System~ system, considering the inherent features _
of the French satellite (high resolution, stereoscopyj and its operating charac-
teristics (Band X transmission), which make SPOT receiving stations compatible `
with "Landsat D" receiving stations. Ttiis compatibility between the French and
American systems was indeed planned beginning as far back as 1978 by the CNES
~National Center for 5pace Studies~ and NASA. The cansequences are significant. _
They will make the SPOT and Landsat D systems the two major space teledetection �
- systems worldwide.
_ Currently, there are 12 Landsat stations in service throughout the world; five _
others are being built, and eight new ones are being projected between now and
1985, bringing the to~al of Landsat receiving stations to 25, of which some 15
will be compatible with the SPOT system when it goes into service. Eventually,
all Landsat stations will be compatible with SPOT, since the new Landsat D genera- _
tion of I;merican satellites will all operate only in Band X.
These stations will be the access key to future Landsat D and SPOT teledetec- -
~ tion satellite operational networks to be placed in service in the coming years.
France will thus occupy the place of one of the world's principal suppliers of -
future teledetection data, alongside the United States! -
Landsat Shortcomings
The American Landsat system, the world's first space teledetection network, has
operated 9 years now without interruption. Three experimental satellites have
been launched successively. The first, Landsat 1, launched in July 1972, ogerated
_ until February 1978, that is, 5 years (ins tead of the expected 1 year). The
second satellite, Landsat 2, launched in January 1975, was restored to service in
June 1980 after an interruption of several months. The third satellite, Landsat
_ 3, launched in March 1978, broke down operationally in early 1981.
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
.i
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
FOR OFFICtAL USE ONLY
Landsat Stations in Service and in Planning Stages -
and
Compatilsility with SPOT
MI~� ~n Comp~tlbl- MI~~ ~n Comp~tlbl-
( 1) PAYS I ( 2) LIEU ~~rvle~ Ilt+ 8pot ~ ~ 1~ PAYS I( 2~ LIEU ~~rvie~ Ilti 8pot
5 ~n �xploit~tlon : 12 ~t~tlon~ ~ ~ ~En aomtnwtlon : 6 ~t~tionc ~ 3 ~ ~ 4 ~
Arpentine Mer Chlqult~ 1980 Afrlque du Sud lohennaeburp 1981 oul
Auetralis Allce Spnnpe 1980 oul Chlna Pakin 1982 oul
Breell Culebe 1974 oul Frence Toulou~e 1983 oul
Cenade Shoe-Cove 1977 oul Theilenda Banpkok 1981 -
Cenede Prlnce Albert 1972 0~~ Banplsde~h Daeca 1981 oul
_ Itslie Fuclno 1978 oui _
Subde Kiruna 1979 oul
Inde Hyderebad 1980 oul ~ ~En pro~~t s 0 Hatlont
lapon Tokyo 1979 oul Chlli Sentlago -
Etate-Unis Felrbenks (Alaeka) 1972 Chlne (deuxlbme) 1985 oul
Etete-Un~s Goldstone (Calif.) 1972 Haute-Volte Ouepedouqou 1984 oui
Eteta-Unis Gresnbelt (Meryl.) 1972 ~1 Kenya Nelrobi 1985 oui
6~Incat~ln~~ : 2 stNlons Rouma'nle eland� Bucereet - oul
Iran Tdh~ren 1978 Epueteur - - -
Ze1re Kmehasa - - InGon6nle Djakerte - -
( 7~') Ces etatlone ~sront remplec6as per le~ ~etelllts~�relal~ ~ TDRSS
L'exploltetion de estte atetlon 8 ceu8 depu~� 167B.
Key:
1. Country.
2. Location.
3. In-Service Date. _
4. SPOT Compatibility: "oui" = yes.
- 5. In operation.
6. Uncertain.
' 7. These stations will be replaced by TDR.SS relay satellites.
_ 8. Operation of this station discontinued since 1979.
9. In construction.
10. Planned.
11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Overall, Landsat satellites have photographed more than 800,000 "scenes" (a series
~ of images of the same zone taken on different wavelengths) in standard format (185
km on a side) covering all emergent land masses almost entirely in several spec-
'tral bands (visual and infrared) with an earth-level resolution of 80 m. More
- than 60 p~rcent of these images were acquired by non-American station~, and 36
~ percent of the sales of Landsat data were made to foreign users.
- This result obtained by the first generation of American teledetection satellites
is impressive. It does not completely satisfy users, however, for several
reasons:
--the space resolution (80 m) and the geometric accuracy arp considered inadequate
for most mapping work;
--the repetitional rate of observations (18 days, then 9 days) of the same site is
not adequate, especially for the surveillance of vegetation and pollution;
--the choice of spectral bandwidths (0.5-1.1 microns in the visual and 10.5-12.4
microns in the infrared ranges) is not optimum for the surveillance of vegetation;
_ --and the data supply delivery time (6 weeks) is much too long for certain users
who need a fast restoration (48 hours).
The New Landsats
The United States has therefore prepared a new generation of improved teledetec-
tion satellites: Landsat D1 and D2--the fourth and fifth of the series--which are
- to be launched by year-end 1982 and year-end 1983 respectively. The Landsat D2
satellite is to be equipped with a new instrument (Thematic Mapper) for shots
. with a resolution of 30 m and spectral bandwidths more suited to thematic mis-
sions. However, Thematic Mapper data wi11 not be distributed operationally (50
scenes/day) before 1985, according to NASA.
In 1979, the American government ~lso deci8ed the creation of an operational
- teledetection satellite system under the NOAA ~National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration~, which was already responsible for the American system of civilian
meteorological satellites.
On 20 June 1980, the NOAA submitted to Congress a three-phase plan--extending to
the year 2000--for the creation, beginni~g in 1982 and using Landsat D satellites,
of a system that would not be fully operational with a new generation of satel-
lites until 1989. The cost of this future operational system--variable between
$1 billion and $10 billion over a total period of 10 years depending upon various
assumptions~--is to be self-financed by revenues from the sale of images, esti-
mated at $100 million-$400 million annually and based upon a general and
substantial (3 to 5 times current price) increase in image marketing rates.
12
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
i
I~
Comparison of Landsat and SPOT Performance Charac`eristics _
~ I ~:I~dU Sl~~~cu~l I:,nrern pl~uln -~-Miiiti $P~:cudl ".~~iuu:~~ Ph50hidu~~ -
St,u~nnr V~u~cou Scd~~~+er ~(~gib18 ~NRVI
- - - - - - _ i ' ~e~,cise~ ~,2,31 ~ ila~~dsat 3i ILenasa~ D. t 9811 (1) t5pos!
.5-6um I 0.5�0.75um i .45�.52um ~.5�.59
.6-.7 ~ .52-,60 .61-.69 120m1
, I 7 - .8 I .63 -.69 .79 - .90 ~
( 2~ Bsnd~~ fp~cvde~ j �8 - 1 A5 , 76 �.90 .5 -.9 110 ml
1.55 - 7.75
2.t � 2.35
' ~ '0.5 - 12.4 t0.4- t2.5
La~asat3l ~
~ 3~ Resolution lindatre i 80 m 40 m ! 30 m 20 m -
240mIR I 120mtR ~ lOm
~ 4 ~ Heure ~ocale ' I
n~ud descendant , 9~~ 30 9 h 30 9 h 30 10 h 30
_ t 85 km 185 km 185 km I 2� 60 km
- ~ ( ~j ~Largeur de balayage ' ~ , ~ 8 onemable ~
. ~ d~ns _ 400 km
i--~------ T , - -
� - 8 ~wa ~ 8 iours , 16
jo~_
i~s 26 jours
' i ~ g a:oss~b~~~~~ I
' ~ 6 ~RepbfidVitB ; ' n Iout pOinl
~ chi yio~e Pn 5 i
~ maximum
' - _ _ 1---- - - - _ __1-- - -
Key:
_ 1. High Visual Resolution.
2. Sgectral bands. -
3. Linear resolution.
4. Downlink local time.
5. Sweep width.
6. Repetitional rate.
7. Days.
8. 2 x 60 km orientable within � 400 km.
9. 26 days, accessibility at all paints of globe in 5 days maximum.
~
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLy
-
SPOT Images at 1 Franc/Km`
France, for its part (see AIR & COSMOS no. 850), beginning with its first earth-
probe satellite, SPOT 1, to be launched in 1984, plans to create an operational
network of SPOT observation satellites calling for successive launchings of four
or five satellites to maintain the system in se r vice over a period of 10 years.
~ The operating cost of such a system is estimated to be around 1.5 billion francs
- (1980 prices), not including the system install a tion cast, which will come to
around 1 billion francs with the SPOT 1 satelli te and associated earth segment.
The launching of the second satellite, SPOT 2, planned for 2 years after the first
- one (1986), will cost an estimated round figure of 350 million francs; it could
even be financed by the CNES. Beginning with the tY~ird satellite, however, the
system must become self-financed by revenues from the sale of images, which are
estimated by the CNES to be around S40 million/year. -
The CNES market studies project possible annual sales of around 100,000 SPOT
scenes (3 images at 20-m resolution and 1 at 10 -m resolution) at a price of around
2,500 francs ($500) per scene, which would be substantially lower than the price
- of data from the future Landsat D operational s atellites. SPOT high-resolution
data--selling at a price equivalent to 1. franc/km2)--could thus compete directly
against high-altitude aerial photography (10-15 francs/km2).
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1981
9399
- CSO: 5500/2164
- 14
FOR bFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FRANCE
NEW, SPECIALIZED SATELLITE SERVICES DISCUSSED
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 28 Mar 81 pp 37-38
[Article by Pierre Langereux: "Space Telematies"]
[Text] Development of the New Specialized Services Using Satellites
The telecommunications satellites are, as is known, simple space relays whose best-
known uses are the retransmission of telephone communications and television pro-
grams, as well as transfer of data between computers. But other and more spe~ial-
ized information can also transit via s~atellites, whether moving (in low orbit) or
geostationary (at 36,000 km altitude). Jean-Claude Husson, director of the Toulouse _
Space Center of the CNES [National Center for Space Studies], has cited some 10 of
_ these new applications, either under way or proposed.
Direct TV
- To the present, no TV viewer in the world receives directly the television programs
- transmitted by satellites; L�he signals are first picked up by large national sta-
tions and then sent out over the conventional networks (radio waves, cables, etc) to -
the viewer, under the control of the television administrations or companies. The
imminent advent of the direct remote-broadcasting satellites is going to overturn
this situation. The programs transmitted by a central station to the satellite will
be broadcast directly to the TV vie~:~r via small individual or community antennas. -
It will thus be possible for a TV program to be broadcast directly to 100 million
households in Europe (the case with the Luxembourg satellite).
The progress achieved in satellites (power of 6 W for 5 channels, TOP of 200 W and
more, stabilization to better than 0.1�, large multisource antenr~as, high frequen-
cies, etc) makes it possible as of now to build such satellites, the mass of which
will reach 1 to 2.5 tons (in transfer). The new launchers (Ariane and Shuttle) will
be able to put these satellites into geostationary orbit. Practically all coun-
tries, if they have the means and the know-how, will be able to make use of direct
TV via satellite. Indeed, almost 1,000 possibilities of direct transmission over
a nearly 250 zones in the world have been planned for by the international telecommun-
ications organization (ITU [International Telecommunication Union]), on the basis of
35 orbital positions, to cover more than 150 countries individually.
Retransmission of Meteorological Images
The geostationary weather satellites, such as GOES in the United States and Meteosat
in Europe, the principal function of which is to take pictures of the earth and of -
15
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
cl.ouds, also serve to rebroadcast the processed images to the community of users. -
Thus, the meteorological images received and processed in Darmstadt (FRG) are re-
broadcast by the Meteosat satellite in analog form ([JEFAX) over 2-meter stations
(uDUS [expansion unknown)) or in digital form to 4-meter stations, on the L band
(1.6 GHz) gigahertz]).
_ An experiment in distribution of weather data via satellite to AFrica is going to be _
conducted by the ESA [European Space Agency] with the Sirio 2 satellite, the launch- _
ing of which is.~lanned for 1982. This_experiment, which is aimed at supplementing the
conventional weather-data distribution network, will make it possible to transmit at
the rate of 100 to 2,400 bits per second on the L band to 1.5-~meter and 2.5-meter
stations. -
This system of broadcasting of weather data via satellites could later be provided
on a permanent basis with the future operational Meteosat satellites. -
Broadcasting of Images and Remote Detection
- The images of the future French remote-detection satellite Spot could be broadcast
far more rapidly in Europe with the aid of the 'French telematics satellite Telecom 1.
These images, which will be received in Europe by the French station of Aussaguel -
and the Swedish station of Kiruna, will necessarily have to be preprocessed by a
specialized center at Toulouse before being rebroadcast to the users, via the Spot-
Image company. But exploitation of these images will require of the users remote -
consultation of the Spot photolibrary, with transfer of a simplified image (quick- _
look) representing a flow of 256 Kbits/sec. In order for consultation to take no
longer than 10 seconds, a flow of 100 Kbits/sec will be required. But for retrans- -
mission of a"scene" (three Spot images in the different wavelengths) in less than -
1 minute, more than 3.6 Mbits/sec will be necessary, and to do so in less than 10
- seconds, nearly 34 Mbits/sec will be required. This would justify the use of a
specialized-telecommunications satellite such as Telecom 1.
Later, it would even be possible do the transfer of processed images automtically by
~ computer iii order to provide an orthophotomap directly to the user. '
Collection of Data and Localization
The CNES placed in service several years ago an Argos operational system for data- -
collection and localization of automatic beacons throughout the world. This system -
operates automatically and is used by several dozen French and foreign users _
who take measurements in the most diverse places: atmosphere, ocean, rivers, ice-
bergs, volcanoes, from balloons, ships, buoys, platforms, etc, and even by means of
- animals (bears, dolphins, sharks, turties, etc). -
_ The CNF.S' Argos system simply uses a special piece of interro~;ation equipment (EMD
[Marcel Dassault Electronics)J mounted on American weather satellites of the Tiros N
series which revolve in polar orbits. The data, processed by IRIS 80 computers at the
Argos center in Toulouse, are then sent to the user by simple telex call (No 530 255),
sometimes with the aid of telecommunications satellites of the INTELSAT network.
- 16
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The Meteosat weathe r satellite can also be used for data-collection, but only in the
satellite's zone of visibility and with an output (at 400 P'IIiz) that req>>ires bigger
beacons.
Relay Satellites
The networics of ground stations fo~ control of satellites in orbit--doing the func- -
tions of telemetry, remote control and localization--are destined to disappear in
the future so as to permit better exploitation of the frequency spectrum. They will
_ be replaced by relay satellites which will provide for the service connections be-
tween a central sta tion on the ground and the satellites in low orbit (200 to 2,0~0
km) or geostatioiiary orbit (36,000 km).
NASA has already s tarted the setting-up of such a system with the future TDRSS relay
satellites to be launched in 1982-1983. Two TDRSS geostationary satellites separ-
ated by 130� longitude will thus be able to provide S-~and and K-band connections,
with single or multiple access and with flows that can reach 300 Mbits/sec. NASA's _
"Space Shuttle" will be one of the principal us~rs of the TDRSS network, as well as
the future Landsat D remote-detection satellites.
- The CNES has also p lanned for the placement in orbit of a STAR relay satellite for
control of the future French, and possibly European, satellites.
Teleconferences _
The use of several teleco~mnunications satellites makes it possible to organize re-
' mote conferences among several cauntries on different continents. Experiments or
demonstration projects of this kind have already been carried cut, since 1978, with
the French Symphonie, the America ATS 6, and the Canadian Hermes satellites.
Symphonie has msde possible international teleconferences between France, the United
States and Canada, while ATS 6 has provided for retransmission to 48 stations in the
United States; Hermes has done the same service between the United States a.Rd
Canada.
Other operations a re planned on the national level, notably with the French satel-
- lite Telecom 1, one channel of which is specifically devoted to videoconferences
(remote conference s with sound and image).
Time Transfer
- A very original us e of satellites is time transfer and synchronization of~atomic
- standard-chronomet ers at various points on the globe.
Until now, time wa s distributed with a precision of only 1/1,000 sec, using radio-
electric propagati on of time signals around the earth, by reflection from the iono-
sphere.
Satellites now mak e it possible to do much better. The American Transit militarv
navi~;ation satellites are already distributing time signals with a precision of 50
to 100 microsecond s. But experiments done in recent years ~1976-1980), notably with
the Franco-FRG Symphonie satellites, have made it possible to achieve precisions of _
10 to 100 nanoseconds. These experiments have taken place among France, the FRG,
Canada, India and China.
1~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- Precisions of 1 to 10 nanoseconds throu~hout the world could even be achieved by us-
ing the geostati~nary satellites, at 4-6 GHz for in~ercon~inental connnectiona and
11-14 GHz for national connections.
Furthermore, the ESA is preparing a nec? atomic-clock synchronization experiment cfn
an intercontinental scale with the Sirio 2 satellite.
Amateur-Radio Satellites
Ham radio operators throughout the world are also among the most assiduous--and most
misunderstood--users of the telecommunications satellites. It is estimated that a -
million ham radio operators are presently using the specialized satellites devoted
to them for their long-distsnce connections.
= In che last 20 years (since 1961), 9 Oscar amateur-radio satellites have been _
- launched by the American association AMSAT [expansion unknown]. Ttao American satel-
lites are still operational at present (on the frequencies of 145 and 435 MHz). The
launching of a new FRG amateur-radio satellite failed last year with the loss of the -
Ariane launcher.
But the CNES is preparing for 1985 thQ launching of a French amateur-radio satel- ~
lite, Arsene.
Search and Rescue
The satellites are also going to be used for search and rescue of airplanes and
ships in dxstress; they will make it possible to ensure security of reception of
distress calls as well as localization (with precision of a few kilometers) of the
site of distress, thus facilitating search-and-reacue operations.
An experimental system will be sPt up for the first time on a world scale in 1982,
within the framework of cooperation among France, Canada, the United States, the
USSR and Norway. This system will utilize in particular some specialized Sargos
(EMD [Marcel Dassault Electronics]) distress-signal reception and localization
_ equipment mounted on American Tiros N polar weather satellites, as well as analogous
equipmenton board specialized Soviet satellites of the Intercosmos 21 type. This
system will thus bring into association the Western SARSAT [expansion unknown] sys- ~
tem and the Soviet COSPAS [expansion unknown] system.
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1981
11267
CSO: 5500/2178
_ 18
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014428-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
ITALY
BRIEFS -
NEW DIGITAL EXCHANGE--Turin--Within the framework of the modernization of the Ital-
ian telephone network, the Higher Institute of Post and Telecommunications has ap-
proved the AFDTI [expansion unknown] electronic sutomatic switching aystem, using a
- digital recorded program, that has been entirely designed and developed by Telettra
at its establishment in Gorgonzola. There are already four specimena of this type -
of digital electronic exchange for public telephone transit--the firat approved in
Italy--installed in the SIP [Italian Telephone Company] network: at Turin, Milan,
- Rome and Naples. By vistue of this new electronic system, it will be possible to
start up the voice and data (computer-co~nection) network whereby the users request- _
- ing it will be able to use throughout the national territory advanced aervices such
- as the multifrequency keyboard with the possibility of abbreviated dialing, complete
documentation of charges, communication of data even with fixed deatination, and
finally--most important of all--through-dialing for international and intercontinen-
tal connectione from the entire country. After state-agency approval, which is ex- _
- pected to be granted very shortly, the Italian system will be capable of offering
services that will be among the most advanced in Europe. The voice and data network
~ makes user connectiona by means of UFD [expansion unknown] concentrators of Italtel.
It therefore involvea collaboration between the two Italian manufacturing firms
under SIP direction. [Text] [Turin LA STAMPA in Italian 18 Mar 81 p 11] 11267
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Editr. LA STAMPA S.p.A.
CSO: 5500/2186
19
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010028-6