JPRS ID: 9753 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3
Release Decision: 
RIF
Original Classification: 
U
Document Page Count: 
42
Document Creation Date: 
November 1, 2016
Sequence Number: 
49
Case Number: 
Content Type: 
REPORTS
File: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3.pdf2.39 MB
Body: 
APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY JPRS L/9753 22 May 1981 Sub-Saharan Afric~ Re ort p - FOUO No. 722 FB~~ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORM~TION SE~VICE FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 NOTE JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials trom foreign-language sources are translated; those from Er,glish-language sources _ are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and other characteristics retained. Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text] or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor- mation was summarized or extracted. Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source. - The contents of this publication in no way reoresent the poli- cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government. COPYRIGEiT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OW~IERSHIP OF - MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREI?I REQUIRE THAT DISSEMIi~ATION OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED rOR OFFICIAL USE OYLY. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040440010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL"Y JPRS L/9 75 3 22 May 1981 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT FOUO No. 722 rONTENTS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Opposition Demands Elections~ Cancellation (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 3 Apr 81) 1 Briefs Qpposition Letter to Dacko 3 GIR Established 3 Three F`rench F~nancing Agreements 3 Dissolution of Red Cross 1t ~:uwaiti Loan Lt CHAD - Special Correspondent Reports on Conditions in South - (F~ancois Gaulme; MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21~ Apr 81) 5 Situation in Ndjamena Far ~om Restored to Normal (MARCF~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 17 Apr 81) 16 Briefs � Libyan Troop Departure 18 CONGO Briefs LINA CONGO Reorganization 19 I7iscovery of Gas 19 _ LINA-CONGO Internal Monopoly 19 French Tugboat 20 KENYA Brief s Belgian, Swedish Aid 21 ~ FRG Economic Relations 21 - a - [III - NE & A - 120 FOUO] _ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~IADAGASCAR Petroleum Research Partners Chosen (MARCHFS TROPICAU% ET MEDITFRRANEENS, 3 Apr 81) 22 Erief s - Serious Anomalies at Fifabe 23 New Ftiiel Prices 23 - Agricultural Production Drive 23 Expansion of Toamasina Refiner3* 2!~ Chinese Cooperation ~4 ` NIGER BCEAO Bulletin Notes Recent Economic Developments (MARCHES TROPICAUX E'." MEDITERRANEENS, 17 Apr 81) 25 Briefs - Presidentts Vi sit to Niamey Department 27 Niger River Development Financing 27 SEVEGAL Diouf An~7ounces PS Renewal, Strengthening of Internal Democracy (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANFEiVS, 3 Apr 81) 28 ` General Guidelines of Sixth Plan Released - (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER,R,ANEEN5, 17 Apr 81) 29 Swedish Official~s Visit (MARCHES TftOPICA.UX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 3 Apr 81) 31~ Brief s Delegation to Finland 35 Meat Imports 35 Decreased EYiergy Use 35 TANZANIA African Development Project Grants Aid for Rice Project (MARCHES 2'ROPICAU% ET MEDITFRRANEENS, 17 Apr 81) 36 TOGO Brief s Attacks on French Establishments 38 - b - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Cr~'`..:TP.~"T.~ AFRICAN REPUBLIC OPPOSITION DF.MANDS ELECTIONS' CANCELLATION Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 950 [Text] The four imsuccessful candidates in the presidential elections of last 15 March, Messrs Ange Patasse, Henri Maidou, Francois Pehoua, and Abel Goumba, filed a ~oint complaint on 26 March before the CAR Supreme Court, contesting the election process the outcome of which wae that outgoing president David Dacko was elected with 50.23 percent. The Supreme Court has 2 months to render ~udgment. In the event the election is invalidated, the minister of the interior will have to c~rry out a new election. On that same day President Dacko moved the curfew back one hour since order had been restored in Bangui, so the curfew is from now on set from 2000 to 0500. The Univer- sity of Bangui, which had been closed, should be reopening on 31 March. However, that date coincides with the beginning of Easter vacation. " Official ceremonies on 29 March commaemorated the 25th anniversary of the accidental death of Barthelemy Boganda, "father of the Central African natione" In addition, in an AFT [French Press Agency] interview President Dacko indicated that "if order is restored in the country on a permanent basis, the legislative election will take place in the time period prescribed by law," in mid-June, or 3 months after the presidential election. Dacko stressed that in the event the election can proceed in normal fashion he would lift the state of siege beforehand, and would take the oath of office and form the new government. Asked about the possibility of his making political overturea towards the opposition, Dacko replied that it was no longer up to him to make the first move, but it was up - to his f our unsuccessful rivals, Messra Ange Patasse, Francaie Pehoua, Abel Goumba, and Henri Maidou, to signify their intention of ineeting with him. Dacko stated that if his opponents were to run ~oint lists of candidates in the legislative election in order to fight against his political grouping, the Central African Democratic Union, he would involve him.self "peraonally in the election campaign," although, he said, he had remained aloof at the time of the presidential campaign. Coming b ack to the subject of Bangui's disturbances at the time the presidential election results were announced, disturbances which claimed four victims among the 1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY demonstrators, Dacko fe3t that they had been organized by "malcontents" who were refusing to accept the results of the ballotting since they were sure that Dacko had been beaten. Thus, in Bossangoa, Ange Patasse's stronghold, there had been naisy celebrations of his success even before the aanouncement of the results. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981 9631 CSO: 4400/1041 2 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY CENTRAL AFRIGAN REPUBLIC ~ BRIEFS . OPPOSITION LETTER TO DACKO--Leaders of the Central African opposition recently sent an "open letter" to President David Dacko to protest the "numerous and continual violations of constitutional freedoms" in the Central African Republic. Abdel Goumba (Ubangi Patriotic Front-Labor Party), Henri Maidou (Republican Party for Progress), Ange Felix Patasse (Central African People's Liberation Movement) and Francois Pehoua (independent) denounce the "climate of civil war maintained by militias in the districts, organized on orders fYom the president of the republic." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1136] [COPYRIGHT: Rene M~reux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 GIR ESTABLISHED--Francois Pehoua has f ormed a new political movement, the Indepen- dent Movement for Political, Cultural and Social Reflection (GIR). In its mani- festo, the GIR states that its objective is "to ensure respect for human rights and _ the rights of nations and to do everything posaible to promote the Central African - rebirth." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 113%] [COPYRIGHT; Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 - THREE FRENCH FINANCING AGREEMENTS--On 11 April in Bangu~., France and the Central African Republic signed three financing agreements for a total amount of 800 mil- lion CFA francs (16 million French francs). France's aid to Central African in- volves the continuation of work to open up the southwestern region of the country, - one of the most important zones economically. Completion of the program will cost 500 million CFA francs. French aid will also go for research to develop cotton and food crops, whose main aspects include the aelection of varieties, the phytosani- tary fight and agroeconomic studies, for some 107.5 million CFA francs. The pro- gram also concerns an increase in seed and fita within the framework of a vast integrated development project in the savanna, jointly financed by the FAC (Aid and Cooperation Fund), the CCCE (Central Fund for Economic Cooperation), the FED (European Development Fund) and the Federal Republic of Germany. The third agree- ment signed between France and Central Africa involves repaira of the Barthelemy Boganda Stadium. The co~t of the operation will be 180 million CFA francs. Sup- port given by French authorities to the Central African Republic went from 11 bil- lion CFA francs at the end of 1979 to 26 billion CFA francs by December 1980, an increase on the order of 136 percent. France intends to continue its effort in 1981, particularly by emphasizin~, the relaunching of priority sectors of the national economy, with the opening up of the national terrifory and the development - of agricultural potential being two of the Central African Government's main con- . cerns. In his speech at the ceremony marking the signing of the three agreements, 3 _ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY French Ambassador to Bangui Jacques Humann emphasized that France "has tried for man many years to lend its support in order, first of all, to help the Central African Republic eliminate obstacles hindering both domestic and international trade and second, aid the rural world increase its production so as to derive the greatest nrofit," [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 113'l] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 DISSOLUTION OF RED CROSS--It was learned on 28 March in Bangui that the National Council of the Central African Red Cross was dissolved by order of the minister of health. According to the ministry, its statutes had not been submitted for the approval of the authorities concerned. Let us bear in mind that the chairperson of the Central African Red Cross, Mrs Ruth Rolland, recently found herself mixed up in the controversy surrounding the diamoads offered by Emperor Bokassa to President ~Giscard d'Estaing. David Dacko, who had acknowledged having received a check f or 2 million CFA francs sent by the Elysee to the Central African Red CrosR, had stated that there was no more managerial body in that institution. The League of Red Cross Societies, for its part, had indicated on 19 Marcii in Geneva that a special general assembly meeting on 28 February 1981 had dissalved the Central African Red Cross committee while reelecting Mrs Ruth Rolland as its chairperson. Mrs Ruth Rolland had supported Francois Pehoua's candidacy 3uring the election campaign. [Text] [Paris MARC[~IES TROPICAUR ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 951] COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981] 9631 ~iJWAITI LOAN--Tt~e Kuwaiti Development Fund has ~ust granted the Central African :epublic a loan of 420,000 Islamic dinars (or around $1.55 mil'lion) for financing road work. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEE~IS in French 3 Apr 81 p 951] [COPYRIGHT': Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981] 9631 CSO: 4400/1041 , 4 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~HAD SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON CONDITIONS IN SOUTH ~ Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 24 Apr 81 pp 1167-1171 [Arficle by Francois Gaulme: "The Chad That Wants to Survive"] ~TextJ The civil war has left Chad without a capital since 1979, at least to the extent that this capital is without essential services and partially des- troyed. The civil service and the state have disappeared throughout the North. To put an end to this situation, several African initiatives have ~ust been - taken. At the same time, the president of the GUNT (ZYansitional National Union Governm~nt), Mr Goukouni Oueddei, has embarked on tours of the provinc~s, both in order to get to know hfs country and to impose his authority on it. But the re- opening of the Central Bank, which has kept 12 billion CFA in its coffers, is still awaited. Government employees are not yet being paid, and Nd3amena airport is not reopened to civilian traffic. In official circles, it is believed that all this will soon be rectified, especially with help from Libya or organizations such as the World Bank. Meanwhile, political divergences persist, and sporadic fight- ing is reported to continue in the Northeast. The South is the only part of the country that has escaped the war. It is still producing, and its factories are rimr?ing. One finds many refugees there, in- cluding about 10,000 ofi the 12,000 Chadian government employees. It wants to survive, and its attempt to aclhere to economic and political order is an un- precedented experiment. This is not preparation for a secession, because the - southern cadres, understanding its dangers, do not want it. It is a spontaneous reaction, a refusal to let this Republic of Chad that was created ZO years ago die--by at least saving what can be saved. The extraordinary nature of this situation comes from the fact that the agents of a headless state--unpaid for the last 2 years--and an economy that has lost its banks, several trade routes, and a part of its market, are nevertheless manag- ing to surmount such problems, This tenacity certainly deserves praise, but more : especially explanation and analysis of the attachment, shown by the African cadres and the European technical advisers ~~ho support them, to a particular model of economic and political development. I- The "Events" and their Consequences We know that we must distinguish between two different battles of Nd~amena, the ~ one in 1979 between the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) and the Northern Armed Forces 5 FOR OFFICIAL U5E ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (FAN) of Hissein Habre, and the other in 1980, foilowing the signature of tY?e Lagos accords, between government coalition troops and the troops of the head of the FAN, the minister turned rebel. What in the South are called "the events" consist of that series of tragedies which since 1979 have given birth to the present reorganization: the flight of the southerners from Nd~amena, the massacre of the Muslims in the South in reprisal for the summary execution of the southern . cadres in the North, and Hissein Habre's abortive attempt to invade the South. Little by little, a new political order came into being around an administration that survived, thou~h it had lost its nerve ~enters. That reorganization involved rlayo-Kebbi, the Tandjile, the two Logonis, and the Moyen-Chari, in other words, roughly speaking, Chad's cotton zone, the area where agricultural resources are most diversif ied and most ahundant. This group ing has sometimes been termed "tribalist." In reality, the people of this zone have nothing in conanon but partial Christianization of rather recent ~ vintage and a preference for French over Arabic as a linguistic vehicle: the . Ngambaye of the Logone refuse to be assimilated to the 3ara of Chari, despite their affinities. They are quite different from the Massa and the other peoples of the Mayo-Kebbi. The South, which ia distinguiahed from the North by high demograph~c density, and which has nearly 2 million inhabitants, remains a mosafc of ethnic groups with fluctuating contours established in a region where subsistence levels are fairly comfortable. Following the Lagos accords, in August 1979, Col Kamougue became the leader of r.he southern cause. He became the president ~f the 25~member Permanent Coffinittee created on 10 May 1979 at a meeting of cadre~ in Moundou, before being named the - vice-president of the GUNT in Ndjamena. Relat~ons between the political-administrative organization in the South and the - transition government in the Cha.dian capital are difficult to understand at first encounter. The GUNT, intended by terms of the Lagos accords which created it to last for only a limited period, includes all the factions that were signatory to the protocol, except for the FAt~I and their allies who were excluded from it by the council of ministers. Nevertheless, the insecurity in the capital and the absence of any return to normalcy have worked to give that faction the real power - in some of the regions. The unique achievement of the South is not its merely , theoretical submission to a coalition government in which it is represented, but ' the preservation of an internal political order that does not grant exclusive ~ power either to the military or to the more or less organized combatants. The vice-president of the Permanent Commnittee whose headquarters are at Moundou is Tt Col Roasngar, who led the final assault against the FAN in Ndi�.~nena. But the secretary general of that body is a civilian, Mr Alingue, who was Ambassador _ to Paris up to 1979. The deputy secretary general is the director of the Cotton F~~r.~i, Mr Mbogo. Within the committee, various members are responsible for par- ticular areas: the economy (Mr Reoulengar~, finu:zces (Mr Madengar Beremad~i), - external relations (Mr Mbailemdana). These indivic,uals should not be confused with the southern ministers in the Nd~amena government, such as Mr Naimbaye who _ is responsible for the ministry of agriculture, and who struggle against natural calamities. They should also not be confv~ ,~rith members of the FAT. This 6 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY acronym has taken on an afnbivalent meaning: properly speaking, it designates only the regular Chadian armed forces, who have fallen back from Nd~amena to Moundou (the police), Ssrh (ANT) [Chadian National Army] and Bongor (National _ Guard). But tt has become a synonym for "southern." In reality, there are only _ two soldiers--the president and the vice-president-on the Permanent Committee in Moundou_ Its creation e~resses nothing but a regional consensus resting on the notion .,f supporting the armed forces in the demilitarized zone allocated to the FAT as part of the Lagos accords. Various local bodies are also being asked to undertake the work of "sensitizing the people" of the South: every prefecture has its political committee, under _ which there are the political sub-committees in the sub-prefectures. This organization, which mitigates the impotence of the central government, has not effaced the administrative divisions. Prefects, sub-prefects, heads of ad- ministrative posts, heads of cantons (in the rural zones) and quarters (in the - towns) are still in place throughout the South. They are theoretically under the authority of Ndjamena, but are in reality responsible to Moundou, and they are all pro-southern. Some prefects were named after the "events." Respect for internal regional balance has been shown by not naming prefects:to head prefectures in their own locality. The judicial system has also remained in place. The judges are in theory responsible to the Court of Appeals in Nd~amena, which is not function;ng. A member of the Permanent Committee, responsible for justice, is actually in control. Financial services (the treasury) have been kept in opera- tion in the FAT zone, as well as tax collection and customs. Thanks to the taxes paid in by companies, a local budget of 5 billion CFA for a 7-month period was established in 1980. No budget has been established, since the government is now in place in Ndjamena and fighting has ceased, for 1981, but tax collections have recovered in the South. While waiting for a national buc~get, an estimate based on a 6-month period from the 1980 local budget, adjusted for inflation, con- tinues in effect. These resources are not enough to take care of all the administrative needs of the zone. Because of the disorganization of monetary flows, revenues are not normal and are only sufficient to provide for the support of the FAT and periodic pay- ments to veterans. Discussions entered into between th~ Permanent Committee and the Bank of Circulation in Chad have not borne fruit. This situation obviously leads to discontent among the employees, who are on the ~ob without getting any wages. Recently, unpaid teachers have shut down what remained of the Moundou school system. The retired "cadres" who are working in administration and _ politics in the South do so almost out of charity. The scantiness of resources obviously gives rise to jealousies and a reversal of the previous situation: today the employees in the private sector, the domestics, even the peasants, dis- pose of more income than most government employees. In this situation, the recent disbursement by the French paymaster of the pay owed to 7,000 former soldiers and the sales from the last cotton season have given the South a rare infusion of money. One sees refugees from Nd~amena who have - become peasants or merchants. While the families who have stayed home may have welcomed these refugees in the early months of their ~o~ourn and provided them with support out of respect for the traditional rules of hospitality, it is no _ 7 FOR OFF[C[AL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR UFFICIAL USE ONLY longer being done cheerfully. So everyone who does not have an assured income is - _ striving frantically to make up for th~ lack. This is why the villages of the South have seen a proliferation of.~retailers, more and more bars, and an increase in the sale of home-made, unlicensed alcoholic beverages. Sarh and Moundou are more activ~ tYian ever, with the increase in the already swollen population of refugees. Local radio stations, newspapers (PULA at Sarh, which disappeared, and LE BOUCLIER in Moundou, which has been appearing since - July 1980) have been started since "the events." The influx of college-educated people into Moundou in 1980 even led to the organization of a literary competition~ Two meetings of baccalaureates were organized by the Jesuit Fathers at Sarh, in ~F.-:ember 1979 and December 1980. At the second meeting, 1,200 candidates coming ~rom the entire southern zone went before a jury composed of three French academ- ics. The success rate varied between 35 and 60 percent in the various series. In contrast to the widespread image, the urban population in the South is quite varied. Moundou is currently witneseing the return of the people fram Baguirmi - and Kotokos who had fled the South in 1979. The Muslim businessmen, especially the Nigerians, are still there, In addition to the pasc~ral Peuls Bororo people, who have continued all along to camp on the banks of the Logone, other itinerant livestock growers have come. At Sarh, the Arab merchants of neighboring Salamat are occupying many of the market stalls. Yemeni and Syrian merchants have also remainEd, despite the extreme tension of the last 2 years, which is now diminished. '1'he easy availability of oil supplies from Nigeria (tank trucks return loaded with Chadian millet on their superstructures), the abundance of foodstuffs on the -~=~rket (thanks to a great deal of market-gardaning and a good cereal grain har- vast), thc li.veliness of the towns, which st~ll have restaurants, cinema houses, ni~ht spots, ~.nd the liveliness of the countryside, where the harnessed plow and ttie use of cattle-drawn carts have came into wide use over the last 20 years, along with the raising of big stock animals, give the South an air of vitality and _ e:~peci~ally of econom~^_ and social dynamism, despite the difficulties brought about by the war. Activities are not limited to individual or family agriculture and amall commerce. In fact the dominant activity is industrial in an area that remains a special pre- serve for cotton, despite recent attempts to diversify the economy. II - Agricultural and Industrial Record Cotton has been cultivated intensively in Chad since 1929. This cultivatian, imposed by the colonial administration, was unpopular at the beginning. The system that was adopted turned into a disguised tax system which reinforced the - privileges of the chiefs. This is why the political agitation in so:~thern Chad before independence came from the discontent engendered by t~ie obligation'to grow cotton. Today, the situation has changed and "production� ;riented" cotton growing, that is, using fertilizers and insecticides, has become lucrative for the peasant. We - have seen in the last 2 years that when it became impossible, for financial rea- sons, to continue this mode of cultivation and farmers were asked to go back to "traditional" methods of cultivation, irith~~-; _hemicals or equipmerit, and to much 8 _ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY emaller yields: then people grew food crops, which were much more lucrative, _ rather than cotton. - Chad's cotto~. statistics show that since the "events," production--confined now to the South-�-has signif icantly declined: during the 1979-1980 season, only 90,839 tons of cottonseed was marketed. The season now nearing comple tion should _ end up with the purchase of 82,721 tons of cottonaeed when the last markets close down at the end of Apr. il . - Thi_s is a considerable decline compared to the record production year of 1975-1976: Chad at that time produced 174,062 tons of cottonseed, and production from the two Logones and the Tand~ile alone was greater than the entire 1979-1980 yield. But the decl:Lne had already been noted before the "events": it had fallen to 125,370 tons in 1976-1977, before climbing back to 136,725 tons in 197 8-1979. These facts are explained by the decline in the area under cultivation, while yields remained stable (on the order of 500 kg per hectare): in 1975-1979, 271,352 hectares were planted in cotton in Ch.ad. The following season, there was a 30 percent decline: 188,067 hectares of cotton, of which 100,270 were "production-oriented and 87,797 under traditional cultivation. The c o tton area decZined again in 1980-1981: 166,115 hectares (down 12 percent), of which more than 60 percent was "production-oriented" (70,969 hectares). The situation became most critical in Mayo-Kebbi, hit by an attempted FAN invasion and by an anti-cotton campaign, in 1979: in the 1979-1980 season only 30 per- cent of the area normally cultivated was seeded. This is why production r"rom that pref ecture, which had been 47,005 tons in 1975-1976, was down to 14,77 4 tons that season. But this year production went up in Mayo-Kebbi, which had over time be- come the best cotton-producing zone in Chad. Factory activity in Bongor, Fianga, and Gaya resumed in 1980-1981. Cottonseed purchases by the three fact ories and by those at Lere and Pala, which never ceasec~ running, should amount t o 20,066 tans. This recovery is the only one seen in Chad in the season curren tly ending. The cotton problems are only indirectly linked to th~ war. If the increase in the price to the producer has not kept pace with the average increase in the cost of living (a notion, by the way, which is rather hazy for a peasant who lives partially from what he produces himself), the intro3uction of "produc tion-oriented" . cultivation, starting in 1965 in Mayo-Kebbi, little by little transf ormed the . rural life of the South and won acceptance for an activity that had once been imposed by force. In a little more than 10 years the life of the peasants has chatiged radically: now they farm with harnessed teams, with a plough, which has _ largely replaced the hoe. So they have also became raisers of livestock, and their cattle, fed cottonseed largely, are fatter and stronger (300 to 400 kg) - than those of the traditional stock-raisers (200 kg). This change is more tan- gible in the Logones than in Mayo-Kebbi, but what has become universal is the refusal to grow cotton anymore without insectic ides or fertilizers. The yield from a hectare under tradifionai cultivation is, depending on the qual ity of the soil, from 300 to 500 kg. One might get as much as a metric ton per hectare, or even more, depending on the extent of crop protection efforts. The cotton grower needs to invest 8,000 CFA per hectare for chemicals and equipment. With produc- _ _ tivity between 900 and 1, 000 kg, his return wil~ be 40, 000 CFA per hectare. This _ is what makes possible the profits that have won over the rural peop le to cotton growing. 9 FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY This system obvj.ously cannot work without the help of organizations providing tech- nical assistance, in accordance with a social policy established by the state. The disappearance of the latter's central elements has not, fortunately, entailed that of the ONDR (National Office f or Rural Development) or the state-owned company for marketing and transporting cotton, COTONTCHAD1, whose continued activity, because - of its importance in the local economy, has kept the South alive. Chad's agriculture minister, Mr Naimbaye, considers the ONDR role "very important" in an integrated rural development [plan] aiming at the encouragement of b.~th food and cash crops. The office is still being aesisted by seven French advisers, seconded from the CFDT (French Textile Fiber Development Company). Thie parastatal company provides technical assistance in cotton-growing programs in francophone Africa, and the well-known role it plays has long been highly valued. COTONTCHAD, CFDT, ONDR, and France's IRCT (Institute for Research on Cotton and Exotic Textiles) located in Beded~ia (Eastern Logone) work closely together. Food crop s, we have shown, have since 1979 taken over areas formerly devoted to - cotton. For the 1980-1981 season, 150,000 hectares hav~ been planted in small millet (penicillaire [a type of African millet], 45,600 in rice, 172,000 in grow?d- nuts, 445,000 in sorghum, 32,000 in sesame, and 23,000 in berbery (large~.millet), according to surveys made by ONDR througl~out the South. During the previous season, cnly 718,000 hectares were giren over to food crops, and the production of ~~-ound-nuts was especially poor. Special efforts to foster rice and ground-nuts - are being made by the office, though agricultural organizaCion is still cente:red on rice. L~'or the 1.951-1982 season, ir, is already proj.:cted that 75,000 hectares will be tr.eated f or ";~roduction-oriented" cotton, or in other words basically the same surface area as was cultivated in the season now ending. ONDR is going to try to concentrate its technical assistance and, by concentrating its resources, to obtain ~:ields of 950 kg per hectare. Nevertheless, it must be stressed that the Chadian peasant remains under-assisted: during the last agricultural year in which poli- _ tical conditions were relatively normal, 1977-1978, there was on average one agent for each 1,024 hectares of food crops and 354 hectares of cotton (including 155 1lectares "production-oriented"). On the other hand, the surface area for which each of the 1,150 ONDR agents is responsible varies greatly and can be anywhere irom 1 to 30 hectares. Tt~e advancement of cotton cultivation will depend, above all, on the f inancial resources available. In early April, representatives of the IDF (European Develop- ment Fund) went to Moundou to meet with Chadian officials. The talks focused on Fund assistance in cotton cultivation. The IDF in effect supplies close to 50 per.cent of the capital needed for the purchase of the agri~u~tural ir~uts for thn "pr.oduction-oriented" fields. It is the Cotton Fund, su~~alned by COTONTCHAD's prot~its, that bears the cost of the inputs. But the assistance received by the l:i.,:er enterprise from EDF III and IDF IV continued to drop. Now the Fund is without financial means and owes 5 billion CFA t~ ~OTONTCHAD for fertilizer pur- chases. The inputs needed for the 1981-1982 seasoi. have already been purchased, for it had to be done before the rainy season. But COTONTCHAD, whose indebted- ness is a lso growing, must start planning now f or the upcaming season. EEC a id to Chad under IDF V has not yet been set, ~~~~.se of the political situation, so 10 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFb'(CIAL US~ ONLY the Moundou consultations were~aimed at examining the needs. It is hoped that eventually Europe will provide enough assistance to put 120,000 hectares of cotton into "high production." Also, with the agreement of the Nd~amena govern- ment it would be possible to disburse the funds reserved for projects financed by the IDF' but not completed because of the war, involving purchases of fertilizer and insecticides to sustain a crop which is being ~eopardized more and more with every passing day by the lack of funds. ' Accorning to COTONTCHAD's financial division, 160,000 tons of cottonseed per ~ year are required if the company is to make a profit as it was formerly organized, with headquarters in Ndjamena and installations outside the South. If operating expenses were not augmented by present constraints, the company's pullback to five prefecturas would make it nossible to turn a profit with only 1t~0,000 tons of cottonseed per year. But for the moment COTONTCHAD is operating at a loas, and f or its cash flow it nust depend, in absence of banks, on advances from CFDT, which gives it 80 percent of the value of the cotton marketed as soon as it reaches Cameroon or the Central African Republic. The civil war is demonstrably very prejudicial to COTONTCHAD, whose economic importance can be judged by recalling that cotton has in the past accounted for as much as 80 per.cent of the value of Chad's exports. The company has lost its employees with the destruction of its new headquarters in Nd~amena. Its archives have disappeared. It had to build new marketing patterns. Above all, the ambi- tious projects it had conceived during the euphoria of the record harvests, around 1975, were put to rest at the time of the "events" and remain in doubt today. Thus the oil-works at Moundou, built as part of an investment program on the order of 5 billi~on CFA and inaugurated in 1978, is only producing at 40 percent of capacity. Even this level represents a recovery, for production figures for - 1979-1980 only amounted to 1,423 tons of crude cotton oil and 960 tons of crude ground-nut oil, while for the fiscal year that began on 1 November of the pre- vious year, 1,930 tons of ground-nut oil and 1,900 tons of crude cotton oil had been produced by 1 April. The factory markets its production in bottles that are - presently acquired from neighboring countries. The sale of oil in barrels appears to be slowing down. Problems of distributing the products have not im- peded progress on a second industrial phase in April of the soap-works. The soap works should produce 100 tons of household soap per month, destined first of all for the local market. Cotton-milling activity, which employs around 600 persons (including 37 expatr~- - ates) at COTONTCIIAD on a permanent basis, but which also provides seasonal employ- ment, not to mention the activities of the peasants, has also resulted in the creation of a textile industry. STT (Chad Textile Company)2, established at Sarh in 1967 and employing 600 people (including 19 expatriates) spins, weaves, and prints using very modern techniques and equipment. It uses an average of 1,100 to 1,200 tona of Chadian cotton per year (1,058 tons in 1980). The palitical situation in 1979 also had consequences here on production, which, however, became - somewhat normalized in 1980, when 15 million meters of fabric was marketed com- p ared to 11.7 million the previous year and more than 17 million in 1978. STT's 1980 turnover (4.33 billion CFA) is close to normal, but since 1979, and for the first time, the company has suffered losses because of the higher costs of the 11 FOR OFFkCIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOit OFFICiAL USE ONLY _ products it requires and the increases in the cost of transport and fuel due to the war and the closing of the Ndjamena and northern Chad markets. It tried to gain new markets in Cameroon (where it presently has to sell at a loss because of the competition) and especially in the Central African Republic. An agreement between Chad and the Central African Republic was ~ust signed for the sale of STT printed fabric, providing tariff advantages similar to those enjoyed by rroducts coming from UDEAC [Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa], from wliich Cl~?ad withdrew and which it would like to re~oin. It can be seen that similar causes produce similar eff ects, and that STT, like - COTONTCHAD, con tinues its activities and has not laid off its p ersonnel, but is experiencing financial problems despite keeping up the production level. The Sarh factory had a visit from President Goukouni during his recent tour of the _ _ South. Official assistance would be necessary to undo the damage caused by the "events," which clipped the wings of a model industrial concern. In 1979, when the first battle of Ndjamena exploded, southern Chad with the cotton sector of its economy already developed, was preparing c~ undertake a very broad agro-industrial project with the creation in Moyen-Chari of some entirely new sugar activity. SONASUT (National Sugar Company of Chad}3 has 6,000 hectares of sugar fields and a factory at Banda, some 20 1~ north of Sarh, representing an invest- ment of 15 billion CFA. ~ The origins of this enterprise go back to 1966, G-1-~en studies were made of the possibility of growing sugar cane in irrigated fields in the South. SOSUTCHAD ~~ad si.nce 1964 had an agglomerating plant in Nd~amena. With a capacity of 28,000 r.ons per year, it was using imported powdere~ sugar as raw material. Northern Chad, like a11 Muslim countries, is a b ig sugar consumer. The Banda project, carried out by SOSUCHARI (Chari Sugan~Research Company), which _ l~ter on was to mergP with SOSUTCHAD to create SONASUT, was based on an estimated need for 30,000 tons of granulated sugar of which 18,000 tons would be shipped to the Ndjamena agglomeration plant, 5,000 tons would go to Chadian industries, and 7,OOG tons would be retailed in the South. Even~s overturned the initial plans. In 1979-1980, despite the political aituation, 4,400 tons of sugar were produced. The 1979-1980 season, which began in January instead of November be- _ cause of credit problems, was a success, as 12,005 tons of. granulated sugax were obtained, with a profit of 8.79 percent. In 1980-1981, 2,966 hectares of cane were cut and predictions are for 30,000 tons of sugar in 1984, starting from 300,000 tons of cane. - SUhASUT employs close to 800 peop le (including 30 expatriates) in the off season, - and close to 2,000 during the sugar aeason. Its results would be mu~~ better with- out the war, and like other Chadian enterprises it has had tu adapt to survive. Tiie cash flow problems were reaolved in 1980-1981 with the help of SOIrIDIAA [expan- si.~i unknown] in place of the bank credits obtained during the preceding season. ~lith the loss of the northern ma.rkets, the compai ~ pulled back to the South (though its headquarters still remained in Nd~amenF), and it has b2en constrained to direct its production toward the Central African Republic. A contract for the , delivery of 300 tons of sugar per month has been signed. But in Banda it is anti- cipated that the needs of the Nd~amena agg~~T~_ation plant, which will hav~ to be 12 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040440010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY y rehabilitated, will lead to a cancellation of the Central African contract, given current production levels. The financial health of the enterprise could only be assured by an injection of 3.7 billion CFA. Preaident Goukouni, like all visitors, was impressed by the Banda installations. In normal times, Chad's sugar production is lucrative, and the costs of the investments have not been excessive. Once again a remarkable economic instrument is threatened by the p olitical situation. Industrial production in southern Chad is not confined to fields that derive directly from agricultural activities. The Logone Breweries4, whose headquarters and plant are in Moundou, are still producing "Gala" beer, whose flavor deserves its renown. In 1977, the brewery, the only one in Chad, produced 150,000 half- liters of beer per year. Production fe11 back to 85,000 half -liters in the last fiscal year, but the company, which emp~oyes 160 people (including f our expatriates) - remains for the moment on a sound financial footing. Nevertheless, it too has been affected by the crisis: its archives in Nd~amena have been lost, and, most importantly, the new brewery built in 1978 in the capital city is not in opera- tional condition, though its installations are still intact. It will be neceseary to put this unit back into good condition, rebuild its pillaged reserves, resume the payments to suppliers that were never completed. MCT (Chad Cigarette Manufacturing)5, also established at Moundou, is doubtless the hardest hit survivor of the current situation: in 1980 it produced barely 50 per- . cent of capacity with 9 million packs of brown and 90,000 packs of blonde ciga- rettes. The latter production, basically destined for the northern market, has fallen off considerably, for it has not been successful in Che South. The factory works in effect on an "as needed" basis, the pace of production varying greatly. Built 10 years ago and employing 75 people (including three expatriates), MCT has ' a grim future as things stand now. Established to supply a national market, it cannot go beyond the border because of competition and is most seriously suffering from the restriction of ies markets, since northern Chad is almost as populous as the South. In another field, SIVIT (Meat Industries Company of Chad) in Sarh has survived " after a fashion and recently supplied the army with hand-made shoes. This enter- prise is the modest heir to a great plan for slaughterhouses and auxiliary indus- tries that was launched long ago by President Tombalbaye but did not succeed. BGMC (Carbonated Beverages of Moyen-Chari), also in Sarh, continues its activi- ties, which remain on a limited scale. As for CYCLOTCHAD in Moundou, a bicycle - assembly plant affiliated with Peugeot, it has disappeared. This bird's-eye view - of Chadian industry, confined to the South since the events, concludes with a mention of the Catholic mission printing house in Moundou which has also never quit running. - III - The Impasse and the Issues One feels a certain sadness upon looking over the economic situation in southern Chad. Certainly, with regard for Africa as a whole, this country, whose economic _ activity was rather limited even bef ore the civil war, is of negligible signifi- cance in terms of the continent~l balance, and is not much of a prize, except far the ~ineral resources in the extreme North and the oil prospecting which had to be interrupted but which had shown positive results in the environs of the Lake and, 13 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY later, in the Logones and Moyen-Chari. However, on a local scale, Chad--with its resources, its people, its work, and the quality of its production--cannot leave one indifferent. Now enterprises may survive, by dint of unbeli~vable efforts, without any political solution, wirthout any overall resolution of the Chadian problem, but - it is hard to see how they are ~;oing to keep from running out of breath. The - case of COTONTCHAD is revealing: the most disturbing fact is not that only 20 of its 22 factories are still in operation. On the contrary, two factories started up again during the ~ust-finished cotton season. The cause of the prob- _ lems, we have emphasized, is financial. During a normal season, a banking con- - sortium headed by BTCD (Chadian Credit and Deposit Bank) and including BICIT (International Coimnerce and Industry Bank of Chad, affiliated with th~ BNP ~ [National Bank of Paris]) and the BIAO [International Bank for West Africa], supplied the credic needed for purchasing cotton from the peasanta, at 50 CFA per kilo of selected white cotton and 30 CFA for yellow unsorted cotton. For the 1980-1981 season, 4.5 bill.ion CFA in credits were anticipated. Financial help from CFDT finally provided 4.2 billion, in the absence of any bank possi- bilities. Chad's future, both in the South and elaewhere, is thus tied to a res~ption of banking activity, in other words, to the reopening of the Centra~ - Bank, for no institution will take the risk of opening branches in a territory where the institution issuing currency is in default. So any solution depends on Ndjamena. President Cuukouni's visit to the South, - Hissein HaUre's fade-out from the scene, even if he appears not to accept his ~iefeat, have brought the South hopes for paci~ication and a gradual return to - riormalcy. A national meeting of Chadian cad~es is scheduled in the capital. Fears persist here, though, for while the southerners in 1979 had clear positions, the same cannot be said for their interlocutors, who are also divided. The so~ithern officials who all lost their houses as well as their personal belong- - ~ings in Ndjamena, arP doubtless not prepared to return there without guarantees. Tr~e Libyan danger has not disappeared, and while the visit of the GUNT president may have been marked by a certain euphoria and by official promises, it also gave rise, it is said, to attempts at corruption, to the dietribution of envelopes of money in a country where monEy ie rare. These facts are disturbing. It would be a serious matter if certain people in Nd~amena were to imagine they could con- Lrive one way or another to subdue people who, while fighting to safeguard their identity, are also defending what remains of Chad's economic achievements and - thereby defending interests which France cannot ~gnore. Chad, doubtless, will not recover without massive international assistance. But a former colonial power, more than any other nation, is in a position to present the case in the international arena, for a state that cann~t get by ;.ithout - support, as was seen recently in the role played by Great Britain in Zimbabwe. Fi~rice has not abandoned Chad, as it still keeps a consul in Moundou, a few aid personnel in the~South, and the cooperation missi~a has kept its link with Kousseri and Ndjamena. Nevertheless, the French pcsition has disappointed the southerners, who thought the loyalty of the former colonial power would be equal ~ to their own and who did not understand the publicity given over the airwaves to - Hissein Habre, the man who they believed w~�~'' oring Chad to reconciliation and . ~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ' who revived the civjl war. The F~ench who work in the South are themeelves suf- fering from isolation and a certain indifference: there is no French doctor at Sahr, a town of 50,000 inhabitants which is the seat of a prefecture that shelters 5,000 government emp loyees. The expatriates still have painful memories of the time in 1980 when an anti-French campaign placed them in a difficult position. Iloth Rroup~ ~~a w~~ r_~ng ~c~x ~'ari~ ta ~e~, ~nd evan i~lbya' ~ ma~t fa~~hfu~. fxiande would like to see ~'rench inrerventinn to help Ch~d. Gradually, many people have come to consider that the credibility of France's Africa policy was at stake in its position on the conflict in Chad. It is still, however, - dangerous to remain inunobile in a moving F~orld. It is to be wlnerable as well as to forget one's inter~sts, even tndirect ones. Without the help of French part- ners who have not hesitated to take chances, the entire Chadian economy may founder. - Any war costs dearly. One might certa~nly cxiticize Chad, a poor country, for plunging itself into the affaire But one should also o�ficially express the will to help it: prolongation of the slow and painful agony of the Reputlic of Chad would bring only horror, dist~ress, and reproach to those wh o have tolerated it. FOOTNOTES 1. COTONTCHAD, created in 1971 with a capital of 600 million CFA, was the suc- cessor of COTOIVFRAN. It is currently capitalized at 2.5 billion CFA. It is 75 percent owned by the state of Chad, 17 percent by CFDT, and 5 percent by the CCCF (Centra_l Fund for Economic Cooperation). Several banks (BICIT, BrCD, BIAO) hold the retaainder. COTONTCHAD's president is Mr Kolingar. - 2. STT's capital of 500 million CFA is divided in the following way: UNIFORTEX = - (France) 35 perc ent; DEG (FRG) 35 percent; the state of Chad 22 percent; SNI - (Cameroon) 8 percent, STT's president is Mr Kolingar. 3. SONASUT, crear_ed in 1977, has a capital of 4.7 billion CFA, 83 percent of which is held by the state uf Chad, 12 percent SONIDIAA (tihe Grands Moulins de Paris group) and the zemainder by various shareholders. The president of SONASUT is Mr Gakoutou. 4. Lagone Brewer~es has a capital uf 800 million CFA, divided between UAC (Unilever) 7~ per_cent; SOFIM 11.7 percent; and Heineken (technical partner) 9.4 percent. Th~ president of tlil.s company is Mr Lucien Cheurkin. 5. MCT has a capital of 28$ million CFA, 20 percent of which a.s held by the state of Chad, with parti.c~.pati~n by Job and Bastos. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moxeux et Cie. Paris 1981 9516 CSO: 4400/1137 15 ~t)3t Oir FICIAL USE ONI.X APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 r~ux ur'F'ICIAL USE ONLY CHAD SITUATIflN IN NDJAMENA FAR FROM RESTORED TO NORMAL Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1136 [Text] A recent AFP dispatch describes the situation in Nd~amena, which is far from being restored to normal. According to the dispatch, the Government Palace buildi.nge which were shelled, fired upon and subjected to vandalism are being restored and the ministries have been set up in temporary buildings so that the Chadian Government might get off to a new start. The Libyan Embassy and Cultural Center and the Chadian-Libyan Bank, seriously hit by the fighting, have been repaired since February. :owever, "everything else remains to be done." The cammercial district is dead. 'Che facades of the buildings, marked by shellfire, conceal lifeless apartments and empty stores. There are practically no private cars. Some 30 t~is are assailed by potential passengers. There is no water or electricity, except for that supplied by a few generators. The Chadian Hotel is the only one to have opened, but it has no running water. "Everything has to be done at the s~me time," Chadian officials told the AFP. They estimate that same 620 million French francs (31 billion CFA francs) will be needed to get the country's economy on its feet and revive the capital. A ferry boat is needed. The one now operating~on the Chari River between Ndjamena and Kousseri (Cameroon), whence baeic products come, is very inadequate. An airport, telecammunications and a banking system are needed. Chadian leaders base their hoped on bilateral aid and hope that UNDP aid a mi:,sic,:. made an on-the-spot evaluation of Chad's needs will soon be operational. Libya has made 60 million French francs available to the Transitional National - Union Government (GUNT) for administrative equipment, plus 4 million far agricul- _ ture and livestock raising and 140 million for civilian government employees, equivalent to 6 months salaries. The Chadian off icials have also appealed for technical and financial assistance from France. 16 . ' FOR OFF[C1AL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFF7CIAL USE QiVLY The imminent reopening of the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) could incite entrepreneurs and businessmen to return to Nd~amena~ Throughout the war, it kept 14 billion CFA francs in its coffers. Reactivation of the airport is being studied by technicians who have stated that they were always under the vigilant watch of Libyan soldiers. The AFP emphasizes th~t one does not see Libyan soldiers in the capital of Chad, where the lack of security is still real after 2200 hours. Some 8,000 refugees are still in Cameroon and only their return will signal the veritable normaliza- - tion of Ndjamena. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981 11,464 - CSO; 4400/1119 _ ~ 17 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL,Y APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 EJ1: OFFICiAL USE ONLY G'EIAD BRIEFS LIBYAN T'ROOP DEPARTURE--In the presence of Goukouni Weddeye, president of Chad's Transition Government of National Union (GUNT), and of Libyan officers, a contingent of about 200 Libyan soldiers stationed at the N'D~amena Airport flew off to Libya on 26 March. AFP [French Press Agency] also indicated t'lat the withdrawal of Libyan troops stationed in Abeche would be considered. In a statement made on the occasion of this Libyan force withdrawal, which he characterized as gradual, Goukouni Weddeye, president of the GUNT, asserted that the departure "would cut short the secret plotting of our detractors." While refusing to fix a time period for a total with- drawal of Libyan soldiers from Chad, the GIINT president stated that in case of need Chad will still be needing help from Libya. However, he stated to the press that the total withdrawal of Libyans will be considered as soon as security and peace ~re guaranteed in the country, that is to say, as soon as the i.ntegrated Chadian ~~ational Army is formed. On another matter, ~.i0 prisoners of war belonging to the FAT (Chadian Armed Forces) returned to their home province in the south in accordance with the decision made by the president of the GUNT right after the tour he 3ust made in the south, as per the promises he had made to the inhabitants of that region f27 March 1981 issue of MARCHES TROPICAIIX ET MEDITERRANEENS, page 846). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 951] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981] 9631 - CSO: 4400/1041 18 FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY CONGO BRIEFS LINA CONGO REORGANIZATION--On page 847 of our 27 Marctz 1981 issue we cama out with the news that the government of the People's Republic of the Congo had decided to give the Company for the Development of Air Transport in Africa (SODETRAF) the ~ob of carrying out planning for overhauling the LINA CONGO company. Let ue more specifically state that by the terms of an agreement signed 14 March, SODETRAF will put a team of seven experts at the disposal of LINA CONGO. The team's cost (pay, travel, vacation, benefits, etc.), estimated at 2 million French francs per year (100 million CFA francs), will be borne hy the French Ministry of Cooperation. Vehicles and additional facilities for housing will be paid by the French Govern- ment (cost: 460,000 French francs, or 23 million CFA francs) which will also cover the costs of inflight supervision of I,INA CONGO pilots and the expenses connected with that (total cost estimated at 110,000 French francs, or 5.5 million CFA france). Advanced training activities estimated at 1 million French francs (or 50 million CFA francs) are also anticipated as well as cert~.i.n operational items (aviation code, maps, etc,) estimated a~ 250,000 French francs (12.5 million CFA francs). Thus, the total cost for one year of this interventionary activity will be about 200 million CFA francs (100 million for technical assistance and 100 million for various itema). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAIIX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 952] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981] 9631 DISCOVERY OF GAS--ELF [Gasoline and Lubricants Company of France]-Congo has just discovered a gas deposit 15 kilometers off the coast of the Congo in the Pointe Noire deep water sector, according to an ELF~Aquitaine uulletin published on 9 P_pril in Paris. Two tests made at the end of the Litchendjili Marine No 2 drill- ing at around 2,300 meters depth resulted in a flow of some 250,000 cubic meters per day and a production of gasoline a little under 100 cubic meters per day. The research permit for the sector where the drilling was done is held by ELF-Congo (operator) (65 percent) and the Italian Petroleum Enterprise (AGIP) (35 percent). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1138] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris~ 1981] 11,464 LINA-CONGO INTERNAL MONOPOLY--The airline campany Aero-Service, established in the Congo, will now become the partner of the national airline company LINA-Congo~ ac- cording to the minutes of the 2 April Cabinet meeting presided over by Col Denis Sassou Nguesso, chief of state, The Cabinet also decided to grant LINA-Congo a monopoly over internal traffic within the Congolese territory. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRE~NEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1138) [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 19 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 rutc urrl~~lAL US~; UNLX f~ Ii~NCt( TUCHOAT--A tu~boat ~ the "Hinda," destined for the P�~inte Noire port, was l~~~n~�hP~l At' 1'F1P. P;nRItAh Channel Shipyards in Saint-Malo on 31 March. Mrs Nonault, wit~e ut the ~ongolese ambassador to France, christened the vessel. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 113~] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 CSO: 4400/1119 20 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 I FOR OFFIC:.4L USE ONLY KENYA BRIEFS BELGIAN, SWEDISH AID--Following the $31.4~illion credit granted by the Interna- tional Development Association (IDA) for the training of elementary and secondary school administrative and technical personnel (MARCHES, 27 March, p 849), Kenya has now been promised a grant worth 31 million shillings (same $4 million) by Belgium for the development of laticiferous crops in the country's arid and semi- arid regions. An agreement was made at Che time of Belgian Minister of Coopera- tion Coene`s visit to Nairobi (MARCHES~ 27 March). Finally, on 2 April, Sweden promised to grant Kenya some $250 million in aid to help rural development. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1140] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 FRG ECONOMIC RELATIONS--The Kenyan Parliament has been asked to approve a West German loan for 600 million shillings, guaranteed by the government, on behalf of the Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation (ICDC) to enable it to meet its financial obligations to the RIVATEX [expansion unknown) company now being built. Essentially, the ICDC must buy~ back shares previously held in the company by Seditex and Associates. It should be recalled that in December, the Federal Republic of Germany already granted a loan of 102 million shillings to Kenya, in behalf of the Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC), to improve its telecommunica- tions system (?KARCHES, 26 December 1980, p 3548). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1140] (COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 _ CSO: 4400/1119 21 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY MADAGASCAR PETROLEUM RESFA.RCH PARTNERS CHOSEN Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 957 [Report: "Mada~ascar Is Choosing Petroleum Search Pextners"] [Text] Madagascar intends to become energy independent by 1984. This is one of the government's priorities. The National Military Office for Strategic Industries, familiarly known as Omnis, is the instrument through which this poli~y will be implemented. It is recalled in Antananaxivo that Qmnis had launched a search for partners in - petroleum research in 1980. As a result of this appeal, some twenty important companies submitted offers. ~hey included Elf Aquitaine French and Agip It alian = companies with which negotiations are apparently on their way. Let us also mention the American Occidental Petroleum, which sent a delegation to Madagascar to meet with Omnis' officials. We may assume, therefore~ that in ~he next few months we shall find out what partners Madagasca.r has chosen for launching its petroleum re- search progra.m. Recently Qmnis issued an "offer to interested r.ompanies" rege.rding a program for drilling and production in the Tsimiroro area, financed by the World Bank. Briefly, it is a question of the following: l, supplying drilling equipment and related services for the drilling of ten 700-meter deep wells; 2. supplying logistic and support services for this equipment; and 3. supplying of the necessary material and offers for the operations mentioned. ~his is a partial and short descripti on of re- quirements. The documents related to the offer will be made available at a later date ~ Interested companies should write to the following Canadian office which acts as . Omnis' engineering consult ant and agent: D. and S. Energy Consultants, Lt d., Calgary, Canada; Telex: 03-82k649. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981 5157 cso: ~+~+oo/io59 22 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~ MADAGASCAR BRIEFS SERIOUS ANOMALIES AT FIFABE--On 25 March President Didier Ratsira.ka vigorously denounced the many anomalies noted in the management of Fifabe, the state-owned company, which is in charge of developing the rice growing axeas in Betsiboka, Mahajanja Province. After an unannounced visit to the company's headquarters in Marovoay, during a work meeting which was radio broadcasted, the Chief of State - announced that a shortage of 900 million Malagasy francs had been discovered in the company's books, along with many other anomalies such as padded rice trans- = portation and handling costs, silting of dams and irrigation ditches caused by neglect, etc. Fifabe, whose task is to improve rice growing on an axea of 20,000 - hectares, hs,s targeted the production of 55,000 tons of rice within the frame- work of the Malagasy policy of "a1.1-out production," Ir; conclusion, President Ratsiraka made the decision that, hencePorth state-owned production companies will _ follow vei~y strict directives regarding improvements in output, expa,nsion of cul- tivated areas, the formulation of a"seed" policy and management reform. (Fifabe stands for Fikamba.nana Fampondrosoana ny Lemak~i Betsiboka, or Company for the De- velopment of Betsiboka Plain,) [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET N~DITER~NEENS in French 3 Apr 1981 p 957] /L~OPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817 5157 ~IE;W FUEL PRICES--A new fuel price increc~se became effective in Madagascar on '3 March. Therezore, the price of high octas.~ gasoline will ~ump substantially ['rom 188 FMG per liter (the price set last Novemb~r) to 285 FMG, or an increase _ of 97 FMG per liter; the price of regular gasoline will be raised from 171 to 270 FMG per liter 99 FMG); the price of fael~oil ~t?'ill be-:r~.i.sed �f~om 90'�~0 127 ~~~1C 3~ ~G) . The price of gas for household use will also be raised sharply - from 3400 to 4850 FMG per cylinder 1k50 I4'MG) . Let us note that in some parts of the territory prices of regular g~,soline have a].ready r~ached 277 or 278 FMG per liter, while the priee of fuel�oil~ has-rree;ehed-`,~$5 I~Ni~o ^f'.P~Sct] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MIDITE'RRANEENS in French 3 Apr 1981 p 957J /COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et _ ~ie Paris 198J 5157 - - - - _ _ - AGRIG`ULTURA.L PRODUCTION DRIVE--As the members of AREMA (Vanguaxd of the Malagasy Revolution) had been informed, President Ratsiraka personally launched an "all-out production campaign" on 22 Ma,rch, In Antananarivo the operation was started in Talala-Volonondry (25 kilometers north of the capital) with the planting of 6000 coffee bushes. 'I7lroughout the island, where AREMA has several hundred thousand members, other "community production pro~ects" affecting export of fc^d items were also launched. In his 22 March speech, President Ratsirake pointed out that _ Madagascar had earned only 110 billion Malagasy francs from exports, whereas the ~vera.l.l imports amounted to 154 billion, in accorda.nce with an agreement recently concluded with the IMF (International Monetary Fu,_d)o The country will import 200,000 - 250,000 tons of rice in 1981 as against 130,000 t ons in i980, because of the drought. On the other hand, Mr. Ratsiraka announced that measures will be taken to reduce the repercussions of inflationo That is wY~y fuel prices were sub- sta.ntiially raised, and ~hy the uninterruptP~' ,rking day system will be adopted by all governmental services with a view to saving on hydrocarbon expenditures, Wages in the public and private sectors will be raised and so will prices paid agricu].- tural producerso [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEI3ITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 9571 /L*OPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817 5157 . 23 FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY EXPANSION OF TOAMASINA REFINERY--The Malagasy Petroleum Company, SOLIMA, broke ground at the end of March for its second expansion of the Toamasina refinery. The project represents an investment of 5 billion 1~lalagasy francs for the construc- tion of a visbreaking plant, with a 165,000-ton per year capacity, and a road asphalt plant, with a 20,U00-ton per year capacity. The French engineering company Litwin SA was given the contract. The expansion work will take about a year and the new plants should be operational in May 1982. By then SOLIMA will be able to produce, in addition to its present output and for the same amount of petrol, gas-oil (70,000 tons per year), gasoline, asphalt (20,000 tons per year up to 30,000 tons per year). The Toamasina plant's production figures for 1969 and 1980 are as follows: gasoline 122,000 m~, 129,000 m3; kerosene 60,800 m3, 60,700 m3; gas-oil 148,000 m3, 145,000 m3; fuel-oil 255,000 m3, 166,500 m3; butane 8,900 m3, 11,900 m3. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAPdEENS in French 24 Apr 81 p 1204] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981] CHINESE COOPERATION--Led by Lou Shigao, vice president of the Chinese overseas association, a delegation has just concluded a visiC aimed at strengthening Chinese-Malagasy cooperation. On this occasion, it was noted that Malagasy- Chi~Pse medical, trade, economic, and cultural cooperation has increased since President Ratsiraka's visit of the PRC in 1976. Chinese medical personnel work at Mahitsy, Vatomandry, and Ambovombe-Androy and road-building specialists are in charge of modernizing National Route 2. The Chinese also granted. in 1972, the Malagasy a 2 billion Malagasy franc interest-free loan. [Text] [Paris PrIARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 24 Apr 81 p 1204J ~COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 198J CSO: 4400/1152 2L~ FOR OFP'ICIAL USE ONLY ~ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY NIGER BCEAO BULLETIN NOTES RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1132 [Text] The Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO) has devoted a recent bulletin on economic and monetary statistics to Niger. The 1979-1980 season was marked by another drop in peanut production. Some 2,172 tons of shelled peanuts were marketed (down 6,716 tons from the previous harvest). _ The cottonseed harvest supplied 3,428 tons (down 943 tons). On the other hand, food production: millet, sorghum and niebe, was up. During the first three quarters of 1980, prodL~~r '.on of uranium ore amounted to 3,100 tons, all exported (32.9 billion CFA francs for the first 6 months). During the first 9 months of 1980, traffic of the Joint Benin-Niger Railroad and Transport Organization (OCBN) amounted to 198,600 tons outbound (including 73,000 tons of oil products) and 8,300 tons inbound. During the f irst 8 months of 1980, the Niamey International Airport had 3,503 flights of commercial aircraft and 76,300 passengers (arriving and departing). At the end of September 1980, the merchandise turnover index for the main commer- - cial establishments stood at 479 compared with 381.2 a year previously (on the basis of 1d0 for 1970) . On 31 December 1980, the general family consumer price index was 306.7, up slightly over the end of 1979, when it was 302.3 (on the basis of 100 for 1979) . The budget for the fiscal year from 1 October 1980 to 30 September 1981 was balanced at 80.6 billion CFA francs without any foreign contributions (up 8.5 billion over the preceding budget). Equipment expenditures were put at 26 billion CFA francs (no change) and service on the debt absorbed 8.7 billion CFA francs (up 4.5 billion). By 30 September 1980, duties and taxes collected by the Customs Department totaled 23.1 billion CFA francs, 89 percent from imports. By the end of December 1979, the outstanding foreign debt amounted to the exchange value of 54.8 billion CFA Francs (up 12.3 billion during the year), with the still available margin using credits obtained totaling 53.1 billian CFA francs (up 10.6 billion). ~ 25 FOR UFF[CIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 rvn vrr~~,~,qt, uJ~, VlVLY The volume of paper money in bills and legal tender was 31.1 billion CFA francs (up 5.5 billion in a year). Demand deposits in com~ercial banks to taled 24.4 bil- lion CFA f rancs at the end of September 1980 (up .9 billion over the end of Septem- ber 1979) and savings accounts and term deposits amounted to 16.7 b illion CFA francs (up 8. 7 billion) . Credits to the economy amounted to 80.3 billion CFA francs (up 34 billion), the main users being wholesale co~erce and transportation. - By 30 September 1980, the net position of the Treasury ahowed a deb it of 11 billion CFA francs (down 6.2 billion compared with September 1979) . Advances from the Central Bank totaled 10.3 billion (up 5.5 billion in a year). Net foreign assets of the Central Bank represented an exchange value of 23,4 bil- lion CFA francs at the end of September 1980 (up 5. 5 billion over September 1979) . COPYRIGHT: Rene Moraux et Cie., Paris, 1981 11,464 CSO; 4400/1119 . - 26 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY NIGER ,1 ~ BRIEFS PRESIDENT`S VISIT TO NIAMf?Y DEPARTMENT--From 24 to 27 March President Seyni Kountche made a trip through Niamey Department accompanied by three members of the Nigerien Government, Garba Sidikou (Higher Education and Research), Yahaya Tounkara (Wat2r- works) and Modieli Amadou (secretary of state in the Ministry of National Education). 7his visit provided the chief of state the chance to get an idea on the spc?t of the difficulties experienced by the local people, proble~ms of food aupplies, and water and sanitation rpoblems. During his stay Col Seyni Rountche v3.sited the Lossa II development where he was filled in about a system of producing gas from grass left to ferment and then recovered in the form of fertiliaer. The gas produced is used to run a motor which will make it possible to irrigate the Lossa II development. Among the government interventions asked for by the people in the econamic area, the following might be noted: construction of a dispensary at In-Ates, the Anzourou development pro~ect, completing the Namarigoungou agricultural perimeter with its 1,550 hectares for 16,000 users, exploiting wildlife for tourism purposes, building a treatment plant to provide drinking water to the towns of Tillabery, establishing communication links with the Anzourou and In-Ates, and finishing up the atretch of road from Gabou to the Ma1i border. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPI~AUX ET MEDITERRAr NEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 946] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981J 9631 NIGER RIVER DEVELOPMENT FINANCINCr-A financing agreement concerning the Niger River - model project was signed recently at the offices of the Niger River Basin Authority - by the authority's executive secretary, Mr Traore, and the head of the French aid mission in Niamey, Mr Georges. This agreement involves 2 million French francs, or 100 million CFA francs. In addition, there was a second agreem~t for $150,000 or 35.5 million CFA francs, which was signed by the FAO repres entative in Niger, Etienne Koudogbo, and the executive secretary of the Niger River Basin Authority. This agreement will make it possible to bring working methods up to date, to expand and the documentation center's activitiea, and to set up an information network among the Niger River Basin countries which will allow information and documents to circu- late which are meant to be of aervice to the studies planned by the Niger River Basin Authority. [Text] [Paris MARCIiES TROPICAIIX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 946] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981] 9631 _ CSO: 4400/1041 ~ 27 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SENEGAL DIOUF ANNOUNCES PS RENEWAL, STRENGTHENING OF INTERNAL DEMOCRACY Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 941 [Text] At *he 28 March meeting in Dalcar of the National Council of the Socialist Party, the party in power in Senegal, President Ab.dou Diouf made an announcement about party renewal and declared his intention to fight "pereonnel being imposed = - from above, corruption, oppurtunism and trading of favors" in the party's midst. Senegal's chief of state also asserted that from now on he would do justice "to the individual votes of grass roots militants in order to allow them to choose their officials " and "to decide on the line of conduct to be adopted in the frame~work of the party program and party doctrine." "I will encourage the use of criticisri and self-criticism as a weapon for identifying our errors and correcting them," he said. According to Diouf, this strengthening of internal democracy is to allow the PS to _ "open its doors to all those who ra~ish to have a share in its struggle for develop- ment." According to Diouf the planned party renewal in today's context of crisis is meant also *o facilitate achieving the goals of Senegal's 1981-1985 plan, which - he has characterized as "a realistic plan, expressing real capacities." This plan will spend 461 billion CFA francs (compared to 4~0 billion for the previous plan) dnu wilJ_ enco+;raga rroductive sectcrs, decentralizaL~on, an~ th~ ~i~ai.~~n ~f a substantial industrial network. Diouf maintained that this renewal of the PS was also needed in order for the party to hold its awn against competitors after the negt constitutional reviaion which _ is going tc permit the estab lishment of new parties alongside the four existing parties (Marxist, socialist, liberal and conservative). _ Abdou Diouf was speaking before the National. Council, the supreme suthority of the PS between congresses, for the firet time since he b acame president on 1 January and since he became secretary general of his party on 14 January after the resigna- tion of Leopold Sedar Senghor. In its final resolution the National Council approved President Diouf's entire initiative. ~ COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981 9631 CSO: 4400/1041 28 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SENEGAL GENERAL GUIDELINES OF SIXTH PLAN RELEASED Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 pp 1124-1125 [Text] On 28 March 1981, Louis Alexandrenne, Senegalese minister of planning and cooperation, presented the general guidelines of the Sixth Economic and Social Development Plan for 1981 to 1985 to the National Counc{1 of the Socialist Party of Senegal. Senegal had a particularly difficult economic situation throughout 1980. Agricul- tural production, which deter~ines the level of economic activity, was very medio- cre. The industrial production index dropped from 157.8 at the end of June 1979 - to 134.2 at the end of June 1980 and the price index rose from 317.8 at the end of September 1979 to 356.9 at the end of September 1580. - "or the 1979-1980 agricultural season, the peaiut harvest amounted to only ~+50,000 tons (compared with 900,000 tons for the previous harvest) and production of cottonseed totaled 28,000 tons (dawn 4,950 tons). The food crop deficit was put at some 180,000 tons. Only sugar cane, with.473,000 tons (up 106,000 tons) and tomatoes, with 60,000 tons, showed substantial growth. Activity of the oilworks was particularly low: 45,000 tons of oil (down 83,000 tons; and 100,000 tons of oilcakes (down 132,000 tons). The processing of sugar cane supplied 38,000 tons (estimates for the 1980-1981 season are for 52,000 tons). _ The rate of phosphate mining remained steady: 1.5 million toas of calcium phos- phate. Exports had better prices: 14.5 billion CFA francs in receipts (up 1.5 billion). Concerning the gross national product, the contribution of the primary sector is 28 percent; that of the secondary and tertiary sectors 26 and 46 percent respec- tively. Over 84 percent of the GNP is consumed, a situation which, combined with the continuing deficit in the trade balance, resulted in a reducr.ior_ ~n the portion reserved for investments and the domeetic savings potential, eapecially since the evolution of prices has an effect on the overall expansion of the economy. Deapite the contribution from foreign assistance, the general balance of payments is nega- tive every year. The double commercial and budgetary deficit and the weakness of domestic savings force Senegal to resort more and more to foreign borrawing. As a result, in 1980, 29 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY the outstanding foreign debt amounted to the exchange value of 208 billion CFA francs, compared with 43 billion in 1973. Annual service on the debt has gone from 6 billion CFA francs for the 1974-1975 fiscal year to 41 billion for 1980-1981. In addition, the growth in population has a de~inite impact on the economy. By 30 June 1981, Senegal will have 5.9 miilion inhabitants and with an annual increase of 2.6 percent, the Senegalese population will exceed 9.6 million by the year 2000. Some 73.3 percent of the programmed actions, including 53 percent productive in- - vestments, of the Fifth Development Plan for 1976-1980 were carried out. Out of the 489.1 billion CFA francs in financing obtained, some 143.6 billion CFA francs . in foreign financing were not used and are available for the Sixth Plan for 1981- 1983. Guidelines of Sixth Plan . The general guidelines of the Sixth Plan are based on the following considerations: 1) primary sector: gradual reabsorption of the food deficit by an increase in and diversification of agricultural food production; an increase in the income of the rural world through an intensification of export crops; development of the coopera- tive system and exp ansion of agricultural credit; 2) industrial sector: relaunching of industrial production through the promotion of private investment, particularly of small and medium-size enterprises, and faster incorporation of nationals into the m~nagement and ownership of enterprises; technical, economic and geographical integration of the industrial apparatus within the framework of regional structures; 3) tourist sector: diversification and regionalization of tourist activity; pro- motion of national tourism through the setting up of appropriate facilities; ~ 4) infrastructures: maintenance of existing infrastructures; orientation of new investments toward operations to open up the country and support production; devel- opment of technical and professional training and rural education; improvement in - thz standard of living: environment, sanitation, water supply and housing; 5) studies and research: positive orientation of research toward the solving of economic, technical and social problems of development; 6) budgetary policy: attempt to balance the budget; increase in receipts for the national equipment budget; limited use of borrowing to cover future budgetary deficit; and 7) foreign trade: restoration of balanced trade through increased exports; sim- plification of administrative procedures; broadening of fiscal and customs incen- tives, aid in the f orm of credit, insurance and maritime transport in order to pro- mote exports. Within the framework of the economic policy thus defined, same measures will be taken: improved effectivenesR of tax services; the abrogation of un~ustified 30 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 r~ux urrtt;l~, u5~; UNLY exemptions; increased control over joint public and private enterprises; limitation - of regular equipraent expenditures to an increase of 10 percent per year; blockage until 1983 of foreign loans for any project not providing adequate resources to ' cover loan paymer.ts; limitation on the establishment of new joint public and private companies; regrouping in the parapublic sector and the study of reversions to the private sector; the signing of planning contracts between the government and the main establishments in the parapublic sector (stating objectives, limitations, in- vestments and subsidies); periodic read~ustment of the prices of different public services; gradual decrease in balancing aubsidies to the public and parapublic sectors; improved profitability of the parapublic sector and the establishment of an average self-financing rate of 40 percent; increasing obligations of parapublic enterprises with respect to taxes and meeting repayment schedules for guaranteed or reconveyed loans; and accelerated liquidation of bankrupt organizations. The overall mass of investments provided for under the Sixth Plan represents 462.4 billion CFA francs spread out over the four fiscal years from 1981-1982 to 1984-1985. . ~ Financing of the plan is based on 132.4 billion CFA francs from domestic resources (including 64.1 billion from the National Investment Budget, 16.5 billion fram regional budgets and collectives and 37.6 billion from the private sector) and on 330 billion in foreign resources, ineluding 143.6 billion in financing already obtained under the Fifth Plan and now available and 186.4 billion in aid (loans and subsidies to be sought). During the plan, 50 billion CFA francs will be dis- counted and will have no effect on the foreign debt chargeo .ectorial Actions By sector, the investments planned are distributed as follows (in billions of _ CFA francs): Primary Sector 106.6 Agriculture 55.2 Livestock raising 11 Fishing 11.4 Forestry 10.7 Rural, pastoral waterworks 10.6 Agricultural waterworks 7.7 Secondary Sector 151.8 Energy 25 Industry and mining 123.6 Handicrafts 3.2 Tertiarv Sector 99.3 c'~�rr~nerce Z T~urism 12.4 Transportation, teleco~unications 84.9 31 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFF'IC[AL USE ONLY Quaternary Sector 88.2 City planning, environment 0.7 Housing 16 Water supply, sanitation 15 Health 5 Education 22.7 Human advancement 6.8 Culture 0.4 Youth and sports 3 Information 1.6 Studies and research 10 _ Administrative equipment 7 Local Pro~ects 16.5 Total 642.4 Among the main actions to be waged during the Sixth Plan for 1981-1985 are: ~ Primary sector: the continuation of rural development, which will go from 17,600 to 25,800 hectares;the launching of work on the Diama and Manantali dams and con- _ struction of the Guid~l and Bignona dams; initiation of the integrated develop- ment pro~ect for eastern Senegal and Upper Casamance; continuation of livestock raising development pro~ects and the construction ot regional slaughterhouses (Diourbel, Tambacounda, Zignuinchor, Louga and Kaolack); and the establishment of a maritime fund for fishing and assistance to cottage f ishing. Secondary sector: systematic continuation of energy conservation and the possi- . bility of replacing fuel with coal at the Senegal Elect ric Company and the making of cement by SOCOCIM [West African Cement Company], priority to new pro~ ects that use little energy; relaunching of industrial production by reforming the Invest- ment Code (institution of a bonus for added value as the main incentive, relaxa- tion of conditions for approval), reworking of rules for the mobilization and us~ of the deduction on behalf of the equipment budget so as to restore its use as an incentive for reinvestment, the exemption of productive equipment from import restrictions, shortening of administrative delays and ince~ltives for the establish- ment of industries outside the Cape Verde region; startup of the integrated SOTEXKA - textile complex at Kaolack (cost: 10 billion CFA francs), whose production of T-shirts and shirts will be exported; the processing of phosphates, now exported without processing, turning them into ferti]~izer by the Chemical Industries of Senegal (investment put at 60 billion CFA francs); doubling of the cement produc- tion capacity of SOCOCIM (16 billion CFA francs); completion of the program of the _ Senegalese Sugar Company, increasing sugar production to 120,000 tons a year; contir.uing studies of the possibility of working the Fa leme iron ore deposit, with actual mining beginning around the close of the Sixth P lan; and uranium prospect- ing by the French Atomic En~rgy Commission in eastern Senegal (with prospects of ,:uccess) . Tertisry sector: maintenance of road system and supervision of vehicle loads in order to prevent the rapid ruination of paved roads; improvement in urban and interurban mass transit in order to reduce energy consumption; gradual replacement 32 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 rv~c urrit,tAL UJ~. UNLY of railroad rolling stock and the development of mass transportation (passenger and freight over long distances); construction of infrastructures at the Dakar Port in order to effectively develop international maritime transit transport, develop- ment of Senegalese commercial ships so as to carry more and more imports and exports under the national flag and improved use of aecondary porta; modernization of the air fleet and improvements in airport facilities and in the national telecommunica- tions system; development of the Sali-Portudal tourist station on the Petite Cote (construction of five hotels or resorts) and construction of the Barachois- Novotel Hotel in Dakar (520 beds); construction of connecting roads and the strengthening of 200 kilometers of national roads; the purchase of 100 100-seat buses for SOTRAC [presumably Transit Company]; and replacement of track on the Tambacounda section and of the freight cars. Social sector: construction of 2,000 "economfcal" classrooms for elementary schools, the establishment of technical schools (Diourbel, Kaolack and Ziguinchor) and the establishment of four professional training institutes; development or educational films; and construction of the Friendship Stadium and the equipping of departmental physical education and sports centers. Anticipated Results The shaze of productive investments programmed for the 3ixth Plan is on the order of 63 percent. These actions will generate both jobs and tax income. They will also have a positive effect on the trade balance. ~n the course of the period under the plan, the volume of gross permanent capital ~ormed will not exceed 16 to 17 percent.of th^. gross national product and the rate oF economic growth will not exceed 4 percent annually on the whole. In addition, since having recourse to foreign loans at high rates is excluded, the burden of the public debt will be maintained at a tolerable level. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981 _ 11,464 - CSO: 4400/1119 33 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SENEGAL SWEUISH OFFICIAL'S VISIT Parts MAREHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr f31 p 941 [Text] At the end of March a Swedish delegation led by Hans Blix, the secretary of state for cooperation, visited Senegal. The delegation visited several develop- ment projects in the country's interior, in particular the follawing: - The Dieri woodland-pasture land aone and the Niassante reforesCation project in Dagana Department. With German financing this pro~ect is supplied by a 128-meter borehole and a set of motorpumps each pumping at a rate of 30 cubic meters per hour and providing an average of 600 cubic meters of water per day. Hdwever, there are nearly 10,000 head of livestock which makes it difficult to supply water since there is only enough for 5,000 head and 5,000 hectares. - The Bandia eucalyptus-growing project. ~is bilateral pro~ect is being carried out by iJSAID and the Senegalese Government and when completed it will make it possible to cover an area of 6,000 hectares of tree grones, mainly eucalyptus, int~nded to supply the urban centers of Dakar and 1liies with wood fuel. The Bandia forest is classified as a preservation area and for a cosC of 2 b illion ~ CFA francs its aim is to cover 3,000 hectares svery 4 years. The first seas on has already made it possible to clear 150 planted hectares. The second, 1981, will involve 400 hectares. Moussa Dieng, technical adviser to the secretary of state for watexworks, indicated ~ to Mr Blix that the amount budgeted for water pro3ects in the siath plan might reach 80 billion CFA francs for boreholes, water supply points, and dams. ftawever, in order to be really self-sufficient, Senegal will have to become reforested; the current year's ob~ective is 10,000 hectares compared with 4,600 in the year ~ust ended and 2,700 in 1979. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981 9631 CSO: 4400/1041 34 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 ~ F'Ol[ O~IEIAL USE ONLY SENEGAL - BRIEFS DELEGATION TO FINLAND--On 26 March a Senegalese delegation led by Cheikh Amidou Kane, Senegal's minister of industrial development, completed a 3-day nisit to Finland meant to strengthen economic cooperation between Finland and Senegal. The delega- tion had meetings with the Finnish minister of industry, T11f Sundqviat. One of the � main subjects touched on was the use of Senegalese peat and the possible participa- tion of Finnish companies in projects in this area. [Test] [Paris MARCHES TROPiCAUX ET I~DITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 pp 941, 142] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et cie., Paris 1981] 9631 :-IEAT IMPORTS--At a seminar on intensive livestock-raising, Senegal's secretary of � state Eor scientific and technical research, Jacques Diouf, took stock of the live- :tock and meat consumption situation in Senegal. Senegalese livestock is stagnating ~owadays at around 2.5 million head, compared�~rith 2.7 million in 1972, or about 1 for every two inhabitants. The main reasons for thi.s stagnation are the drought and the perisitance of extensive livestock breeding. Even if the current level of meat consumption, around 12 kg pez pe~son per year, remains low, Senegal will have to import 25 percent of the meat it needs. In addition, the milk deficit requires 5ubstantial imports of milk products which leads to a foreign exchange outflow of more than 2.5 billion CFA francs per year. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Apr 81 p 942] COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981] 9631 DECREASED ENERGY USE--Senegal's energy consumption (gas, oil.and derivatives) has dropped ~ percent thanks to an awareness campaign waged from June 1980 to January - 1981. The Energy Directorate estimates that savings amount to some 2 billion CFA francs (23,573 tons). Before the campaign began, Senegal's consumption was in- creasing an average of 9 percent annually. Its oil bill totaled 50 billion CFA francs in 1979. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITEt~i3EFNS ;:i French 17 Apr Sl p 1123] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981] 11,464 ? CSO: 4400/1119 - 35 FOR OFP'ICIAI~ USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 FOR OFEICIAL USE ONLY TANZANIA AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT GRANTS AID FOR RICE PROJECT Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Apr 81 p 1141 [Text] At the close of 1980, the African Development Fund (FAD) granted a loan amounting to 8 million ~nd accounting units (UCF), or some 2.03 billion CFA francs, to finance a rice growing program using rain water. The FAD has revealed the following details about the project, whose purpose is to increase rice production in Zanzibar sufficiently to provide f or local consumption and therefore reduce the amount of money spent on r3.ce imports~ The project would also aid the Ministry of Agriculture in setting up and strengthening departments called upon to play an essential role in the success of programs or projects aimed at developing rice growing, improve the standard of living of farm families asso- ciated with the project, who will have higher incomes thanks to improved yields, create jobs in rural areas and help the rural people to acquire modern techniques. The project consists of instituting improved riCe growing techniques using rain on 5,800 hectares of land already devoted to paddy rice (4,600 hectares in Zanzi- - bar and 1,200 hectares in Pemba) and of providing farmers with the means of produc- tion and the services that will help them to cultivate their f ields in a more effective manner. There will be one rice crop during the rainy season (masika), f ollowed by a variety of bean during the short rainy aeason (vuli) on 65 percent of the land (3,770 hectares). The project includes the establishment of four service centers for the planters (three in Zanzibar and one in Pemba) and the establishment of a headquarters at Kizimbani. Some 11,660 farm families will be _ involved in the execution of the pro~ect. The estimated cost of the project is 8,986,000,000 Fund accounting units, including - 7,163,000,000 for costs in foreign exchange and 1~823,000,000 f or ~custs in local currency. The project will be financed by the FAD and the Zanzihar Government. _ The FAD loan will serve to f inance 100 percent of the foreign exchange costs and 44 percent of the costs in local currency of all elements of the pro~ect, or 88.5 _ percent of the total cost of the pro~ect. The pro3ect will be under the Ministry - of Agriculture of Zanzibar. It wi11 bPgin in July 1981 and will be spread out over 5 years. Purchase of goods and services will be the task of the Rice Growing Development - ~ell (CD"R), which will act in consultation with the Ministry of Agriculture of. - 36 FOR OFF[CIAL ~JSE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014449-3 h~UK UM'h'ICIAL USE ONLY � Zanzibar. The recruiting of technieal assistants and accounting consultants will ; be done on thE international market, through a call for bids in keeping with FAD directives. Supply contracts for agricultural machinery and. equipment, tools for the central workshop, vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles, engines and pe~ticides ` " will be approv~d following an international call for bids, in accordance with FAD rules. = The African Development Bank (BAD) group has not yet financed any pro~ect in Zanzi- bar, but it has been active in continental T anzania. The FAD has already granted six loans totaling 41.6 mill~.on Fund account ing units. For its part, the BAD has financed seven projects for a total com~ itment of 41 million accounting units. - - CQPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1981 ; 11,46~+ ~ CSO: 4400/1119 37 FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014449-3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - TOGO BRIEFS ATTACKS ON FRENCH ESTABLISHMENTS--Bombs destroyed several vehicles parked in front of the cultural center [in Lome on 13 April 1981]. Elsewhere a fire caused damages to the Cercle de 1'Union where the French community regularly gathers. [Text] [Paris JEiJPdE AFRIQUE in French 6 May 81 p 19] [COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981] CSO: 4400/1168 END ~ 38 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010049-3