JPRS ID: 9807 WORLDWIDE REPORT TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020046-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 46
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9807
24 June 1981
Worldwide Re ort
p
TELECOMMUNICATIONS POIICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVEIOPMENT
CFUkk~t10 8/81)
n
FBI$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characttristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or na.mes preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ODTLY.
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JPR5 L/9807
24 June 1981
WORLDWIDE REPORT
TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(FOUO s/81)
~ CONTENTS
LATIN AMERICA
CUBA
Briefs
Radio Stations 1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
French Communications Network Said To Strengthen Own Interests
(Pierre Clary; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 2 Mar 81) 2~
MOZAMBIQUE
Briefs
~Press Agency Lisbon Branch 6
USSR ~
The Transmission System for the Reference Standard Frequency, Time
and'Centralized Synchronization Signals of Moscow Television
Center , . .
(V.V. Borisochkin, Yu.A. Fedorov; IZMERITEL'NAYA TEKHNIKA,
Feb 81) 7
_ a _ [III - WW - 140 FOUO]
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~ WEST EUROPE
TNTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Kits Offer Expanded Use of Optical Fibers . .
(Xavier Marchelidon; AIR & COSMOS, 11 Apr 81) 12
ITALY � '
Present, Future Developments of Telephone Communications
(IL MONDO, 28 May 81) 14
SWED~N
LM Ericsson Takes Competitive Lead With Computerized Phone Net
; (Annika Halldin; VECRANS AFFARER, 26 Mar 81) 22
~
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CUBA
BRI~FS
RADIO STATIONS--The Cuban Institute of Radio and Television (ICRT) reports that
the country has the following number of radio stations: One international system--
Radio Havana Cuba; 5 national networks--Rebelde, Liberacion, Progreso, Relo3 and
Musical Nacional and 18 provincial stations, 1 in each province except Havana City
Province which has 4 stations. In addition the Isle of Youth radio station is con-
sidered a provincial station. There are 29 municipal stations in the following
cities: in Pinar del Rio Province--Pinar del Rio; in Havana Province--Artemisa,
San Antonio de los Banos, San Jose de las La~as, Guines and Jaruco; in Matanzas
Province--Matanzas, Cardenas, Colon and Jaguey Grande; in Villa Clara Province--
_ Santa ~lara; in Camaguey Province--Camaguey, Guaimaro, Santa Cruz, Florida,
Nuevitas and Sola (which will be inaugurated soon); in Ciego de Avila Province--
Moron; in Santiago de Cuba Province--Santiago de Cuba (2) and Segundo Frente; in
Guantanamo Province--Baracoa; in Holguin Province--Holguin, Banes, Mayari and Moa;
in Las Tunas Province--Puerto Padre and Amancio Rodriguez; and in Granma Province--
Manzanillo. [Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 24 Apr 81 p 81]
CSO: 5500/2206
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' INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
FRENCH COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK SAID TO STRENGTHEN OWN INTERESTS
Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 2 Mar 81 pp 32~34
[Article by Pierre C1aryJ
~ [Text] The new transmitter in Moyabi, Gabon, will be able to broadcast the French-
language programs produced in Libreville and relay the broadcasts of Radio~France
Internationale "from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Cape of Good Hope." This
is what Robert Galleq pointed out during the opening of "Africa No. 1" on 7 February
in the presence of Gabonese Prime Minister Leon Mibiame, Informa.tion and Telecommuni-
cations Minister Zacharie Myboto and the P-DG [president-general director] of Thomson-
CSF [Thomson-General Radio Company], Philippe Giscard d'Estaing, who added that the
transmitter could reach South America and all of Europe thanks to "its 22 antenna
arrays which can receive shortwaves of 5.9 to 21 megahert~ {.n 7 different directions."
"Africa can profoundly influence Africa's development Minister Galley noted.
We could have guessed as much.....
The operations of the Thomson-CSF group on the African continent are actually in-
creasing in scope, but beyond that company's commercial results, there is reason
to wonder about the significance of this industrial penetration, which concerns sec-
tors as vital as teleco~unications, radio and television broadcasting and civilian
and military communications In Moyabi, Robert Galley provided partial answers
which cannot fail to raise ma,jor concerns.
Complete control of information and communication infrastructures is essential for
claiming true independence; but as it happens, everything is taking place as though
the African continent were gradually being caught up in a huge net woven with the
indusL-rial and technical "assistance" of Thomson-CSF, among others--assistance that
actually serves only to preserve and strengthen French interests in Africa.
How is this industrial establishment unique in comparison to the traditional opera-
tions of a multinational corporation? F3rst of all, 3nd this is the major differer.ce,
technical, industrial and military operations bearing the "Thomson-CSF" label are
part of a vast amorphous organization of French origin, consisting of public, para-
public and private companies and establishments controlled by the French Government.
Thus the sale or avaiiability of Thomson-CSF equipment is rarely due to commercial
success alone; it is above all the result of a political will dictated by French
interests. In fact, it can only be noted that such a technological hold permits
all sorts of ineddling and constitutes a potential threat in a sector essential to all.
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A few examples are enough to demonstrate the real risks of this situa.tion. First
of all, at the level of national networks, the installation of telephone exchanges,
- radio and televis ion broadcasting stations, relay transmitters and ground stations
for space telecommunications necessarily provide the manufacturer with complete in-
formation about equipment which every country conaiders strategic. In the evenC
of foreign intervention, it is information of this nature that assures the success
of an operation. It must be borne in mind that the French Government is in a par-
ticularly good po sit~on for obtaining this information; without anal~zing in detail
the type of relat ions between the industrial partner and the political authority,
it may simply be noted that Thomson-CSF's volume of sales in France mainly depends
on direct and indirect orders from the French Government and public agencies.
The technological development of the communications and broadcasting sector--through
the use of electronics and data processing- wi11 also make such int~ervention "smoother,"
more and more: lrnowledge c?f a network and technical communication processes are
sufficient for intercepting, scrambling and interrupting messages and even for trans-
mitting fal~e inf ormation, i.e., replacing the legit3mate transmitter. For example,
it has been shown that the development of microwave and satellite~coumtunications--
as in Zaire and soon in Niger--substantially increases these various risks.
It is in the military area, of course, that these risks are most important; Thomson-
CSF is a specialist in military communications and detection and.the group is proud
of selling its equipment in many countries. Now the more that Thamson-CSF equips
African armies, the more the French manufacturer holds strategic advantages; in the
event of confiict, in particular, it has everything needed to figure out the communi-
cations of either side!
Trojan Horse
These remarks, which apply to both civilian and military areas, make it possible
to understand the strategic stakes--not to mention the commercial benefits--which
the broadest poss ible establishment of Thomson-CSF technology represents for French
interests: having a Thomson-CSF "network" means having at all times the means
necessary to monitor, and thus influence, events in Africa.
This technological infiltration is becaming more and more widespread; it is in this
way that the training and assistance sysfiem favors this establi$hment, a perfect
- illustration of the Tro~an Horse theory. The n~mnber of French cooperants [military
draftees serving overseas in a civilian capacity] in the telecommunications aector--
about 150 in Afr ica--makes the local spread of Thamson-CSF technology; moreover,
procedures for training African nationals in France reinforce this spread of tech-
nology, since training is provided diractly at manufacturers' plants; Thomson-CSF
has even established a subsidiary specificaTly for handling this type of operation:
Thomson-CSF Cooperation.
Thomson-~SF's strategic role in Africa becomes even clearer if we consider South
Africa's position. In that country, Thamson-CSF's conmiitments are vital and date
back several year s: Thomson Berlow, Thomson Electronics and SODETEG Afrique du Sud
[South African Campany for Techn3cal Studies and General Contracts]. It is a cer-
tainty, which is not the case in the other countries of black Africa, that Thomson-
CSF has transferred its technology there and is continuing to do so, whether in
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civilian or militartr areas. Thomson-CSF is working with South African manufacturers,
but the latter have acquired control of their equipment.
Reserve SatEllite
Through manufa~turing, the South African Government thus currently possesses a Eood
knowledge of the operation of Thomson-CSF equipment inatalled throughout Africa,
which obviously reinforces its intervention capabilities. And this observation in
no way detracts from additional information which could be provided to Pretoria.
But for Africa, the principal risk in the area of telecommunications and transmis-
aions lies in the deve~opment of satellites. Here again, Thomson-CSF is directly
involved, since this ~ompany manufactures most of these satellites, i.e., the payload,
_ which actually provides for tran5mis3ions.
_ The first French satellite, Telecom I, which will be operational in 1982-83, will
of course be used for specific transmissions over F�rench territory, but it is also
_ intended to provide telecommunications between the West Indies and France on one
hand and between Reunion and France on the other. It will also be possible to use
it for African national telecomarunications. In reality, it should be pointed out
that even now the French governm~nt has designed a satellite which technically covers
the entire African continent on the pretext of linking overseas~departments with
the mother country under good conditions.
For what purpose? For the time being, it is claimed that the satellite has only
limited possibilities for Africa; the transmission opportunities are nwnerous and
Thomson-CSF technology at all lpvels considerably favors technical compatibility.
It should also be noted that, as in the case of any satell{te transmission, a reserve
satellite is put into orbit at the same time as the first one tA assure continuity
of service in the event of a breakdown. Under no5-mal cir~umstan~es, what use is
made of this second satellite, which has the same features as the first? Can't it
be used to transmit information to certain receiving sites, information and recep-
tions whose "confidentiality" would be considered essential?
To be ,urc, France is not unselfish when it encourages African nations to adopt a
continental satellite transmission system. If the co~?ercial interest is obvious,
it is no less obvious that other considerations are very much involved: an infra-
structure of modern links on the continent will make it possible to transmit to France
a mass of information--under advantageous conditions of speed and cost--that is very
difficult to collect and transmit using current methods. This concentration of in-
formation is particularly beneficial to French military, political and economic circles.
Thomson-CSF is also invo~.ved in the French ground observation satellite program,
SPOT, which will be operational in 1984, as the group has been commissioned to build
the electronic system to transmit data gathered by the satellite to earth. African
nations are particularly interested in this program, which offers the possibility
of making an exhaustive inventory of natural resources and thus appears to be of
considerable value to Third World countries. In fact, few natio~r?s have the financial
and technical means to directly make such observations. But in any case, France
- will have all these observations available and will use them for its own institutions.
Judging from the agencies involved in this project--French Petraleum Institute, Bureau
4
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of Geological and Mining Research ...--the African continent will be particularly
well observed.
Since such data of a scie:ttif ic nature itself already constitutes atrategic data
when it is in the hands of a third country--such as France--it must not be for~otten
that there is little difference between scientific observation and military observa-
tion; the Ministry of Defense, which has kept up with thie program, is not wrong.
It is true that in a few years it will use the resulta of SPOT studics to launch
its own military observation satellite, whose technical construction will be
assignei' to Thomson-CSF.
Pretoria's Advantage
But the currenC problem is one of finding out to whom these observations.will be
transmitted. Couldn't they be transmitted to South Africa, for example? Although
this possible operation implies the violation of international agreements, it must
be admitted that this possibility cannot be ruled out. South Africa actually has
in its hands an exceptional means of blackmail: it accommodates two monitoring sta-
tions of the National Center for Space Studies within its territory: at Pretoria
and at Hartebeesthoek--stations which are absolutely essential for monitoring and
maintaining the trajectory of all French satellites. What will happen if the South
African Government threatens to seize those installations? In exchange, couldn't
it actually obtain access to valuable strategic data?
Considering its close ties with Thomson-CSF, South Africa could quickly exploit such
information and would thus be the first African country to possesa the.technological
capabilities peculiar to that application. P~cetoria would thus acquire a decisive
advantage in Africa, in particular over the other countries of southern Africa, and
would also have regional information about harvest estima.tes and the exploitation
of mineral resources, as well as, of course, data which could be used in military '
operations.
- Obviously, Thomson-CSF's operations on the African continent cannot be analyzed as
,just a commercial process. The context in which they are carried out and the tech-
nical means employed can leave no doubt about the goals being pursued; the various
examples listed here tend to show that, in terms of both its civilian and military ~
aspects, the establishment of Thomson-CSF in Africa takes on significant political ~
implications.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Afrique-Asie ,
11915
CSO: 5000/5003
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� ~ MOZAMBIQUE
BRIEFS
PRESS AGENCY LISBON BRANCH--Mozambique, foremost of Portugal's former African
colonies, is establishing a bureau in Lisbon for its press agency AIM [Mozambique
Information Agency), and its national radio station. Its example should soon be
followed by Angola, which has just completed plans for opening bureauB of its
national agency ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency] in the other Portuguese-speaking
countries. The Portuguese agency ANOP is itself already represented in Maputo
(as well as in Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau. [Text] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et
Cie Paris 1981] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 1 May 81
p 1264] 9516 .
CSO: 5500
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USSR
UDC 621.396.43.088:621.397
THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR THE REFERENCE STANDARD FREQUENCY, TIME AND CENTRALIZED
SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNALS OF MOSCOW TELEVISION CENTER
_ Moscow IZMERITEL'NAYA TEKHNIKA in Russian, No 2, Feb 81 pp 38-41
[Article by V.V. Borisochkin and Yu.A. Fedorov]
[Text] The principles of television (.TV) broadcastfng developed for the
Olympics Television and Radio Center (OTRR) requ~re central synchronization of
all TV program sources with high stability of the sync pulse repetition rate [lJ,
and~in particular, synchronization of the program sources for the Olympics
Television and Radio Center and the technical television center (TTTs). In the
case of centralized sqnchronization, mixing of signals fram any source is
provided (combining images, superimposing captions, etc.); the artistic percep-
tion of the images is improvedsand breaks in the image at the points in t3:ne
when program sources are switched are prevented. High stability of the sync
signals makes it possible to assure high quality in transcoding color TV trans-
missions fram the SECAM system to the TV broadcasting systems of other countries.
A set of equipment was designed in the VNIIFTRI [All-Union Scientif3c Research
Institute f or Applied Physics and Radio Engineering Measurements], which was
]ocated and placed in service at the technical television center and the
Olympics Television and Radio Center, to ~rovide far centeralized synchronization
of TV program sources. It provides not only for centralized synchronization but
also for the solution of a number of other problems: the generation and insertion
in the TV signals of reference stan.dard frequency and time signals; the genera-
tion and transmission of a 1 Hz signal for the electromechanical clocks in the
central equipment room (ATs); the generation and transmission of a series code of
current time values for transmissio~ to secondary digital displays and printers
in the central equipment room; remote correction of the time position of the
time signal relative to the time scale of the state reference standard for time
and frequency (GEVCh).
A block diagram of the equipment camplex is shown in Figure 1. The generation
of the final complete TV programs for the technical television center and the
Ol.ympic Television and Radio Complex is accomplished in the program equipment
units (APB) using the sync signals fed from the appropriate sync generators,
which are located in the central equipment rooms (ATS) of the technical
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_(1) . . .
l~ o(lnn6 (3) j c.T An6 yo ren ~5~
~2~ Au 111~ Au OTPH 4 yB yo Bxad PPn (6)
B Anb B An6 B Al?6 (10~
cn cr~ cra 9CUB (11}
~8) ~ B Al~
~ly ~ ~
~'1 I ~(14 y3 (15 Ax r3c xe ~
I ~ ~ i
K13~_ ' 6mccc2 cr
~ ~
-~-----------Fl-9~J
- ~ 12 ) Lf y __v- ~
7TU, ~21~ OTPK (22)
Figure 1.
Key: 1. From the APB [program equipment units];
2. ATs TTTs [central equipment room of the technical television center];
3. ATs OTRK [central equipment room of the Olympics Television and Radio
Center];
4. UV [input units];
5. To the television transmitters;
6. To the radio relay link input; ,
7. To the program equipment units;
8. SGO [sync generator for the 0lympics Television and Radio Center];
9. VS [time signals];
10. ESChV [reference standard time and frequency signals];
11. To the central equipment room;
12. DU [remote control];
13. F1 [sync signal driver 1];
14. UZ [delay lines];
15. AK [monitor equip:nent];
16. GES [reference standard time and frequency signal generator];
17. KTV [current time values];
18. KhV [time code storage and code generation equipment];
19. ST [not fuxther defined];
20. BFSS ~sync signal generator for the TV sync generator];
21. TTTs (rechnical television center];
22. OTRK [0lympics Television and Radio Center].
television cenCer and the Olympics Television and Radio Center, and which operate
in a slave mode fed by highly stable signals. There are two such sync generators
in the central equipment room of the technical television center. Frequencies of
31,250 Hz and 12.5 Hz are used to synchronize one of them (SG1), and frequencies
of 1 riHz and 12.5 Hz are used for the other (SG2). The sync generator in the
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central equipment roam of the Olympic Television and Radio Center operates with
synchronization using external 1 MHz and 12.5 Hz signals.
A highly stable rubidium standard, ST, is used as the source of the highly st~b~e
' frequencies, for which the relative error tn frequency reproduction is 2� 10"12.
Signals at a frequency of 5 MHz are fed from this standard to a synchronization
signal generator, BFSS, for the TV sync generators, which is equipped with an
autrnnatic remote control syst~n, the DU. The output signals of the synchroniza-
tion signal generator bli~ck, with a repetition rate of 1 MHz and 12.5 Mz, are fed
through a delay line, UZ, to the sync generator of the Olympics Television and
Radio Center (SGO) and via cable lines run between the technical center and the
Olympics Television and Radio Center to the external sync drivers, F1 and F2, and
then to sync generators SG1 and SG2. The delay line unit, UZ, in con~unction with
similar delay devices in the TV sync generators, makes it possilile to change the
time position of the sync signals ~n a range of several microseconds and thereby
assure that the TV signals of the technical Celevision center and the Olympic Tele-
vision and Radio Center are in phase and in sync.
All of the TV signals fram the output of the equipment room of the Olympic Tele-
vision and Radio Center are fed to the appropriate TV transmitters, the TVP's, and
the inputs of the radio relay links, the RRL's, througfi special input devices W,
for the reference standard tirae and frequency signals (ESChV), generated by a
special ESChV generator (GES). This generator produces the reference standard
1 MHz frequency signals, the reference standard 1 Hz time signal and the code
signals for the current time values, KTV [2]. Tfie time position of these signals
correspond to definite portions of the working interval of the sixth horizontal
~ line of the TV signal fed to the input of the GES generator. 3uch a system con-
f iguration for the centraltzed synchronization and generation of the reference
standard time and frequency signals provides for the continuous input of
reference standard signals tnto the sixth horizontal line TV signal during the
frame blanking. In this case, the reference standard time and frequency signals
are fed directly to the inputs of the transmitters, something wfiich precludes
random and systematic changes in the time position of the reference standard time
and frequency signals related to switching inside the studios. The current time /
values are stored by means of special time storage and code generation equipment,
KhV, which additionally serves for the automatic monitoring of the correctness of
the time storage and the output of the series and parallel time codes.
Two Ch7-15 which operate from an external 5 MHz source and are synchronized by
an external 1 Hz signal are used as the drivers and storage devices. The para11e1
codes from the Ch7-15 are compared, and in the case where they are identical, are
transmitted to the GES generator for input into the corresponding sixth horizontal
line interval [2]. The codes transmit cycle in the stxth line is one second. The
time signals from the Ch7-15 should lead the actual time values by one second, so .
that at the end of each cycle, the actual time value is reproduced at the receive .
end. The initial setting of the time in the Ch7-15 is accomplished manually.
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Two "Avtokran" (automatic sqnchronizing radio
clocks) are used to generate the current time
value code, in addition to the Ch7-15; in
these clocks, the time value 3.s set autom~tiC~
a11y based on coded signals froia the RBU
radio station. The parallel codes of both
radio clocks are compared in a code compari-
. son unit, and when the codes are identical,
they are transmitted to a time code trans-
t, sec . ducer, where the parallel code is converted
~rl - to a series 32 bit bipolar code. This code
' ~o' � ~~r ' " is transmit:ed to the central equipment room
Figure 2, of the Olympics Television and Radio Center,
is again converted to a par.allel code and
displayed on the "Standard Time" display in
the central equipment room.
Monitor equipment, AK, is installed to monitor the transmission of the reference
standard time and frequency signals through the ORPS [not further defined] to the
Olympics Televis3.on and Radio Center, where this control equipment includes the
following: a television receiver block, BTP; a USSR reference standard time and
- frequency signal selection unit [3]; a PKT television receiver-comparator; a
Ch3-34 frequency meter and a printer. This equipment serves for the reception
of the TV signals transmitted by the TV transmitters of the ORPS; the selection
of the reference standard time and frequency signals transmitted in the sixth
line of the TV signals; the comparison of the transmit times of the 1 Hz signals.
and the phase of the 1 MHz signals at the antenna of the corresponding traasmitter
with the 1 MHz signal phase and time scale of the reference generator, the SGO;
automatic recording of the results of comparing the time and phase scales of the
1 MHz signals.
Such monitoring makes it possible to determine the travel time of the reference
standard signals from the secondary TV standard via the channels to the Olymp3cs
Television and Radio Center up to the antenna of the ORPS transmitter, and in
_ the case of a variation in the transit time (in the case of change in the switching
circuitry, an equipment substitution, etc.), correct the point in time of the
time signals and the phase of the 1 MHz signals at the TV transmitter antenna.
Similar monitor equipment for the reference standard signal transmissions is
incorporated in the state time and frequency reference standard and is used both
to monitor the timewise position of the time signals and the phase of the .
reference standard signals transmitted by the TV transmitter and for remote
control of the equipment of the technical television center and Olympics Tele-
vision and Radio Center.
The centralized system for synchronization and transmiss3:d.n of reference standard
time and frequency signals provided fnr high qualfty execution of all TV trans-
mission during the 1980 Olympics in a centralized synchronization mode using a
highly stable frequency standard as well as the transmission of the reference
standard time and frequency signals with high metrological characteristics via
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the third TV channel. As the measurements show, the mean square values of the
fluctuations in the phase of the reference standard time and frequency signals at
a frequency of 1 MHz at a dfstance of 40 to 50 km fram Moscow amount to 2 to 3
nanoseconds for a measurement time of up to 20 to 30 seconds and 4 to 5 nanoseconds
in the case of large measurement time values. The relative value of this error,
a, is shown in Figure 2 as a function of the measurement time T. It follows from
_ Figure 2 that the transmission of the frequency values and the comparison or
checking of model and working time and frequency measures against the reference
standard signals is10 to 20 times more accura~e than when using the reference
standard signals of specialized radio stations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
_ 1. Yesin V.T., et al., TEK~INTKA KINO I TELEVIDENTYA [Motion Picture and Television
Engineering],.1979, No. 8.
2. Borisochkin V.V., et al., "Materialy TV Vsesoyuz. konf. fMetrologiya v
radioelektronike ["Materials of the Fourth A11-Union Conference 'Metrology
in Radioelectronics Moscow, VNTIFTRI [A11-Union Sc3.entific Research Institute
= for Radio Engineering and Applied Physics Measuremen~s], 1978.
3. Fedorov Yu.A., Bol~shakov V.Ya., TZMER,TTET~~NAYA TEKHNTKA [Instrumentation
Fngineering], 1978,.No. 8.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1981
8225
CSO: 5500/13
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
KITS OFFER EXPANDED USE OF OPTICAL FIBERS
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 11 Apr 81 p 43 .
[Article by Xavier Marchelidon: "Optical Connections Everywhere"]
[Text] Optical fibers are undergoing special development in the field of tele-
communications.
At the electronics components exhibition the French Company Quartz et Silice
~Quartz and Silica], showed the new QSF-AS series. These are "silica-silica"
fibers of large core diameter (135 or 200 microns) and, also, very low atten-
uation (=3 dB per km at 0.85u)� Future versions with variable OH' ion conCent
will offer high resistance to radiation. The Quartz et Silice fibers were
employed in several experiments among which were those performed, on the
Mirage 4000, for an optical bus and the study of lightning carried out on the
Transall.
Eurofibroptic distributes, in France, the Eurotec fibers intended primarily for
light and energy transmission and the Pilkington fibers for data transmission.
These glass-glass fibers are being used in industrial and aircraft circles but
not at all in telecommunications. Among contracts under study some are con-
cerned with on-board systems for t~e Mirage 2000 and 4000 and Aerospatiale
- [National Aerospace Manufacturing Company] aircraft. The fibers have core
diameters of from 100 to 400 microns for passbands of 100 to 10 MHz per lan.
Eurofibroptic also markets Pilkington cables, connectors, and transmitter-
receiver units. The cables have Kevlar sheaths and Tefzel protective tubes.
Souriau at present is offering series 51005 fiber optic connectors, principally
intended for short distance applications, with fibers of 200 or 400-micron core
(fiber with index discontinuity). They are offered either in bulkhead feed-
through or extender type. The connector's insertion loss is about 2 dB.
Another series of passive connectors, S1006, is offered, for long distance
applications, with index gradient fibers of 50-micron core. The connector's
intrinsic loss measured at the equilibrium state of the modes at the connec-
tor level is less than p.5 dB with stability of 0.1 dB under the various envi-
ronments in telecommunications applications. For optical power exchanges
between items of equipment: or users of a bus line Souriau has adopted an active
bidirectional T-shaped coupler, reducing the optical interfaces and hence the
losses and length of the fibers, the predominant consideration for on-board
applications.
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An experimental bus line of two times four couplers has thus been constructed
. in collaboration with Marcel Dassault Aircraft and Marcel Dassault Electronics
for the Mirage 4000. In such an environment it was possible to ve-rify an
average value of attenuation per coupler of less than 4dB and an error rate
of Less than 10-9. These couplers utilize the following principle: the sig-
nal received by the detector, by means of rapid electronics, controls the
emission of an optical signal compensat~ng the reduction effected in the in-
cident optical power so as to maintain ~he power level constant over the en-
tire 1ine.
Kits
However, penetration of optical transmission into the industrial field seems
difficult. ~ao reasons may explain this phenomenon: for one, the technical
capabilities of personnel are not yet adequate for effectively exploiting this
kind of connection and, for the other, the constraints of utilization are
basically different from those of the customary transmission lines.
Conscious of this problem, the manufacturers of components and complete systems
for optical connections, such as Motorola, Hewlett Packard, Augat, and Spec-
tronics, are offering short and medium distance connections in kit form to
still hesitant industrial users. These generally consist of a diode trans-
mitter, a receiver, and possibly a connecting cable provided with its connec-
tor ends.
Hewlett Package is even offering an HT system, TTL compatible, for 335 francs,
Augat offers, for 3,000 francs, the 698-OK-008 kit which permits 100 meters
of optical transmission with a transmission velocity of 40 megabands. The
ensemble comprises a transmitter, a receiver, and an adjustable potentiometer.
The cable is sold separately. This kit, among the most expensive, requires a
source of +5 volts and operates with a minimal error ratio. Spectromics, repre-
sented by Europavia, for about 2,500 francs offers the "Missing Link" permitting
connections up to 2 km with velocity of 30 megabands. In the case of short
distances the fiber used is DuPont de Nemours Pifax PIR 140 and for greater
distances the fiber used is Siecor 142 with 100-micron core and attenuation
of 8 dB per km. The trend is theref ore to kits with adequate performance over
industrial distances and whose prices do not exceed 500 francs (cable included).
COPYRIGHT: A& C, Paris, 1981
11706
CSO: 5500/2196
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ITALY
PRESENT, FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS"OF TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS
Milan IL MONDO in Italian 28 Ma.y 81 Special Insert
[Text] At the end of 1980, the number of Italian telephone subscrtbers amounted to
13 million. With the 845,OOQ new subscribers in 1980, telephone density increased
to 33.7 telephones for every 100 inhabitants. While in 1965, one family out of five
had a" telephone, now one family out of two has a telephone installed.
In the 16 years of SIP [Italian Telephone Company] administration, the number of
telephones in service has reached the sizable figure of 19,275,000. The number of
subscribers has tripled and the 521 million conversation units, recorded in 1964,
became 3,258,000,000 in 1980.
A special effort was made with regard to telephones available to the public, which
increased to 389,000 of which about 41,000 are in street booths. The "business"
classification also increased considerably. In 1980, there were 150,000 new users,
bringing the number of subscribers in that sector to 2,443,000.
New technologies got the upper hand over