JPRS ID: 9864 WORLDWIDE REPORT TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 45
• Content Type: REPORTS

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- JPRS L/9864
23 July 1981
Worldwide Re ort
p
TEI~COMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVEIOPMENT
CFOUO 9/81)
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JPRS L/9864
'23 July 1981
.
_ WORLDWIDE REPORT
TELECOMMUwICATI~NS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(FOUO 9/81)
CONTENTS
WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS
~3riefs �
Nigerian Telecommunications Pro~ect 1
~
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
CONGO
Briefs
VHF Networks 2
TANZANIA
Brief s
New Transmitters on Zanzibar 3
I USSR
Olympics Facilities Used in the Communication System of� the Country
(V. I. Glinka; ELEKTROSVYAZ', Mar 81) 4
Meetings of Fifth and Sixth Research Commissions of MKKTT
. (K. K. Nikol'skiy; ELEKTROSVYAZ', Mar 81) 9
Regional Conference on Medium Wave Broadcasting Held
(A. M. Varbanskiy; ELEKTROSVYAZ', Mar 81) 12
_ a _ [III _ WW - 140 FOUO]
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WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS
BRIEF~
NIGERIAN TE~.ECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECT--Tokyo, 4 Jul (JIJI Press)--Marubeni Corp, a
major 'trading house, has landed a 16 billion-yen (about 7~.7 million dollars) order
from the Nigerian Telecommunications Ministry to build a microwave communications
network in southwestern Nigeria, it was learned here Saturday. Nippon Electric
Co and Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd will undertake the construction work for
completion in 2 years. The pro~ect is part of Nigeria's 5-year plan beginning
in 1980 to improve the telecommunications system, regarded as one of the most
vital infrastructure facilities for the African nation's economic development
being pushed with its massive oi1 revenues. The contract calls far the ~construc-
tion ~f 77 communication circuit bases, including communication buildings and
towers, and a total of 1,820 kilometers of communication circuits. [Text]
[OW071231 Tokyo JIJI in English 1405 GMT 4 Jul 81]
CSO: 5500/2252 ~
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CONGO
BRIEFS
VHF NETWORKS--The new VHF telecommunications network in southeast Congo will
link Brazzaville, Poo1 (Kir~kaka), Bouenza (Madingou-Loutete-N'Kayi), Lekoumou
(Sibiti), Niari (Loubomo, Makabana) and Kouilou (Pointe-Noire). This project
by the French TRT company, which was started at the end of December 1980, is
scheduled to be completed in June 1982. The system will be broad band with
a capacity of 960 phone lines. Three channels are planned (one telephone,
one television and one emergency). The VHF telecotmnunications,network for
_ northern Congo is under construction by the French Thompson company. The
first leg of 45 km has already been installed. This network will bring
television and 960 phone lines all the way to Mossaka and Boundj i. The
financing for these projects is almost complete. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 1 May 81 p 1255]
CSO: 5500/5035
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TANZANIA
BRIEFS
NEW TRANSMITTERS ON ZANZIBAR--A new shortwave transmitter will be installed
on Zanzibar at the end of this y~ar or the beginning of next year. It will be
located at Langoni. The Ministry of Information, Radio and Television is now
lining up financing for feasibility studies for a meditmrwave transmitter.
. Installation of the two transmitters would enable Radio Zanzibar (Sauti ya
Tanzania-Zanzibar, or RTZ) to be heard throughout Tanzania, and also in
neighboring countries. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEBITERRANEENS
in French 5 Jun 81 p 1546]
CSO: 5500/5035
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USSR
OLYI~ICS FACILITIES USED IN THE COMriUNICATION SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY
Moscow ELEKTROSVYAZ' in Russian No 3, Mar 81 pp 40-42
[Article by V. I. Glinka: "Olympic~ Facilities Used in the Communication System of
the Country"]
[Text] I~ his congXatulatory message to all participants of the
preparation and ~conducting of 0lympica-80, Leonid I1'ich Brezhnev,
general secretary of the CPSU Central Conrtnittee and chairman of
the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, called the 22nd
Summer Olympic Games a significant international event and a con-
tribution to the strengthening of friendship, mutual understand-
- ing and peace among the nations. He rated highly the organiza-
tion of the Games, including the operation of the systemP c.f com-
munication, radio, and television. The complex of teiecommun~ca-
tion and computer facilities instantaneously produced and trans-
mitted comprehensive information on the progress of competitions
to the organizers of the games, judges, journalists, and fans on
all five continents. Naturally, the good results were due to self-
less strenuous work of a large number of communication specialists
of the country. Crne hundred and forty three communicaCion special-
ists who distinguished themselves during the preparations and con-
ducting of the 22nd Olympic Games were awarded orders and medals
of the USSR.
Olympics-80 became history. However, its lessons are instructive.
All ma.in communication facilities built for the holiday of sports
became integrated in the communication system of the country and
con.tinue to operate having partially changed their functions.
The 22nd Olympic Games held in the Soviet Union were a serious test for communica-
tion workers. They encountered for the first time many problems which arose beca~ase
of the working conditions of the organizers of the games, requirements of the or~
ganizations serving the Olympics, thousands of journalists and connnentators, as well.
as guests, tourists, and spectators. It was necessary to solve problems of two c~t:-
egories:
1) to provide extended communication facilities andjservices for permanent consum-
ers; enterprises, organizations, hotels, cultural centers, trade centers, public
catering enterprises; communication facilities, services, etc;
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2) to provide communication facilities for temporary consumers, for the short per-
iod of preparations and conducting of the Olympics: television companies, commen-
tators, journalists, organizers of the games, officials, guests and tourists, as well
as organizations serving only the Olympics. These consumers had very extensive,
_ technically complicated requirements for new types of communication services.
To solve the problems of the first category, design organizations of the USSR Min-
istry of Communications developed a number of complex projects using new technical
^ solutions, modern domestic and foreign equipment, and construction organizations of
the ministry constructed, installed, and adjusted all facilities in a short period
of time by the beginning of the alympics.
In the capital of our country, the following new facilities were put into operation
for the Olympics: long-distance telephone station ARM-20, international teiephone
station using quasi-electronic type equipment; modern electronic telegraph station
"Teleks", ~lympics television and radio-broadcasting switching center, 50,000 GTS
[city telephone network] numbers, special five-digit telephone network assigned for
the Olympics Organization Committee, radio telephone system for co~nunicating with
moving objects "Altay-ZM", search radio networks including personnel radio calls,
first section of the International Post Office, and the Oly~mpics Post Office.
New satellite communication stations were built in the Union network for operation
in the "Interkosmos" and "Intelsat" systems; more than 16,000 kilometers of cable
and radio relay communication lines were built and reconstructed.
In Tallinn, an intercity telephone station and a city telephone station were put into
operation, and the telegraph station and "Altay" system network were expanded.
The technical solutions used for the structures of the Olympics objects and their
potentialities are described in detail in the journal "Elektrosvyaz"', 1980, No 6,
7, [1-5].
The problems of the second category were more complicated. It was necessary to col-
lect 60 television programs and more than 1200 commentaries from 26 sports facili-
ties, including four in other cities, present them for processing to the Television
and Radio Center, and then to transmit them to other counCries via 20 ir~ternational
TV channels, tc ensure two-way information exchange in Che automated control sys-
tem "Olympics-80" via 411 communication channels, to organize temporary local, inter-
city, and international telephone, telegraph, facsimile and postal service in 32
press centers located at sports facilities, to ensure the transmission of an additional
nine informational television programs in Moscow, to create special technological
dispatching and assigned wire communication networks, as well as searching radio
networks for controlling and serving the Olympics. All this required an extensive
scientific and technical development of various designs of communication facilities.
Of course, it was possible to solve the above problems by building many kilometers
of cable ar.d radio relay communication lines and by installing independent equipment
for each consumer, which was done, for example, at the Olympi~s in Munich, Montreal,
and Lake Placid. But such a solution would have led to considerable consumption of
material resources and a low degree of utilization of the communication facilities
after the Olympics. Therefore, the design organizations of the USSR Ministry of
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Communications approached these problems creatively and combined all consumers into
a single complex transmission network, thus satisfying the strictest demands wi.th
minimal expenditures.
The unified communication network is certainly an entirely new technical solution.
Scientific research institutes develaped and manufactured equipment for organizing
high-quality broadcasting channels t~ased on the principles of delta-modulation, de-
veloped a unique complex for transmitting six television channels from one antenna
system, and developed the principles of constr.ucting channels for the exchange of
information among the computers in the ASU [automaY.ic control system]-Olympics net-
work and principles of collecting, transmitting and switching a large number of tele-
vision and commentator channels. Scientific and industrial organizations developed
and supplied a considerable amount of modern communication equipment by the begin-
- ning of the Olympics, including digital transmission systems IKM-30 and the digita~l
broadcasting equipment OTsV. An original network for collecting and transmitting
documentary communication was developed on the principles of facsimile tranemission.
Finally, for controlling technical facilities and their monitoring, the Soviet Union's
First system was developed and introduced for operational monitoring and display of
the dynamic state of television channels, group channels of multichannel transmisaion
systems, including the II~I [pulse-code modulationJ system. The obtained information
was processed on computers and was displayed both in a real time scale, and accumu~
lated in 24 hours. Moreover, the computer produced the program of work for the cur-
rent day and the necessary commands for replacing or switching the channels.
In addition to operational monitoring, there was a syatem for gathering information
on the results of the communication services for the 24~hour period in the aectorial.
cross section (statistical aCorage). Daily reporta procesaed on the computer and
printed out made it possiole to perform elementary analysis and to reveal deviations
in providing the aervices at each facility and in each sector.
The systems of operational monitoring and atatistical atorage operating during the
time of the Olympics-80 made it possible for the workera of the communicaCion con-
trol center to know the state of the technical facilities at any moment of Cime, to
interfere efficiently and akillfully in the procEas of operation, and to cantrol
efficiently the enterprises and subdiviaiona of the electrical and poetal communi.-
cation serviGes. The monitoring and control syetem played a decieive role in eneur.~
ing a reliable functioning of the technical facilitiea and e�ficient and f.aultless
work of the attending peraonnel.
At the present time the operational monitoring system is being adapted for work ir~
the main communication network, where it will be solving analogous problema.
The 1980 Olympics electric communication network made it poesible to eave more t-hAn
1000 kilometers of coaxial and balanced cables and a considerable amount of trar~s-
- miasion equipment seta with frequency diviaion of channels, to have amall premi.ses
for communication centers at sports facilities, to give up expensive cable televi.~-
sion and, which is most important, to use almost all communication facilities after
- the Olympics for the needs of the naCional economy and the population.
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The training of the personnel for the operation of new technical facilities and tem-
porary communication systems for providing communication services in Moscow and other
cities where the Olympics took place was in the centex of attention during the en-
tire pre-Olympics period.
There were particular difficulties with facilities which operated only during the
Olympics. Therefore, it was decided to send workers fro:n communication enterprises
of the country to Moscow for temporary assignments; these communication workers took
a special training couxse. Senior students of the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute
of Communications also participated. A team of 2500 students worked at the communi-
c3tion enterprises, and 800 people who knew foreign languages successfully provided
communication services to foreign clients.
The high skills and enthusiasm of the operating personnel, in combination with excel-
lently adjusted equipment, ensured faultless operation of the telecommunication and
postal services. Services were of high standards, friendly, and efficient. It was
not necessary to use standby channels because the technical facilities had no fail-
ures or idle time. There were no delays in the transmission of telegraph messages
or in providing telephone calls and other communication services.
_ Television programs of the Olympics were viewed daily by more than 1.5 billion peo-
ple. During the Olympics, 21 outgoing channels of satellite and ground communica-
tion system transmitted 1026 television programs of 2381 hours to 33 countries.
From the sports facilities of Moscow, 59 television channels transmitted programs in
= the course of 6547 hours.
- The Teleks network transmitted 9207 messages of 28,356 printed sheets to other coun-
tries, as well as about 10,000 telegrams.
More than 212,000 international telephone calls were handled, 194 Olympics facili-
ties had synchronous translation equipment and more than 200 facilities had sound
amplifiers. Postal services handled 3.2 million letters and postcards and 3.7 mil-
lion items of printed matter, millions of stamps were sold, and the number of those
wishing to have commemorative seals exceeded 2.5 million people.
The results of the work of the communicaCion facilities during the summer Olympics
of 1980 were rated highly also by the official representatives of the International
Olympics Committee, many Soviet and foreign organizations, journalists, and guests
of Moscow, Tallinn,Leningrad, Kiev, and Minsk.
Olympics-80 showed that Soviet communication workers coped well with all difficult
problems of providing modern communication facilities for the games and achieved ex-
cellent work indicators and high standards.
The Olympics communication facilities have now switched to the everyday pace of ser-
ving the population and the national economy. It is necessary to utilize the accumu-
lated experience in designing, construction, and operation of the Olympic communica-
tion networks and facilities and to consolidate in the Eleventh Five-Year-Plan the
high level and indicators which were achieved during the Summer Olympic Games of
1980.
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Bibliography
1. Zurman, A. R. "Fundamentals of Designing Telecommunication Facilities and
Networks for the XXII Sunaner Olympics", ELERTROSVYAZ', No 6, 1980
2. Shkud, M. A. "Television, Radio Broadcasting, and Radio Communication at Olym-
pics-80", ELEKTROSVYAZ', No 6, 198Q
_ 3. Tyulyayev, A. N. "Intercity Telephone Cotmnunications for Olympics-80", ELEKTRO-
SVYAZ' , No 6, 1980
_ 4. Korsakov, N. M. "Telegraph and Facsimile Communications at Oly~pics-80",
ELEKTROSVYAZ', No 7, 1980
5. Golubev, A. N. "Equipment for Digital Transmission of Signals of Sound Broad-
casting", ELEKTROSVYAZ', No 7, 1980
6. Glinka, V. I. "Communication Workers to Olympics-80", VESTNiK SVYAZI, No 6,
1980
7. Glinka, V. I. "Cotmnunications to Olympics, Olympics to Communicati~ns", VESTNLK
SVYAZI, No 1, 1981
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Radio i svyaz !'Elektrosvyaz 1981
10, 233
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USSR
MEETINGS OF FIFTH AND SIXTH RESEARCH COPfMISSIONS OF MKICTT
Moscow ELEKTROSVYAZ' in Russian No 3, Mar 81 pp 50-51
[Article by K. K. Nikol'skiy]
[Text] Final meetings of the V and VI Research Commissions (IR) of the Internation-
al Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Commi.ttee (1~KKTT) were held from 28 January
to 5 February 1980 in Geneva at the headquarters of the International Telecommunica-
tion Union. These meetings were preceded by the Plenary Assembly of the I~II~TT held
in November of 1980, when the work of all IR was summarized and the program of their
work for 1981-1984 was determined.
The meeting of the.V IK engaged in the study of problems of the protection of tele-
communication installations against dangerous and interfering influences had 70
participants: specialists of 24 Communication Adminiatrations, 12 private recognized
firms and companies, as well as of two international or~anizations International
High-Voltage Networks Conference and International Union of Railroads.
The meeting examined the state of studies on 19 probl:~ms entrusted to the V IR,
formulated its decisions on them, developed new formulations and refined the formu-
lation of some existing recommendations of series "R".
In the course of the meeting, 84 permanent, 18 temporary, and 8 delayed documents
reflecting the experience accumulated by the participants of the V IK on the pro-
blems under study were discuased.
Fourteen of the nineteen problems studied during the period of 1976-1980 will be in-
vestigated later. Completed studies included: "Statiatics of Damages of High-Relia-
bility LEP [Electric Power Lines]", "The Use of Negative Boosting Transformers and
Autotransformers", "Electric Shocks Affecting Telephone Seta", "High-Voltage Direct
Current Lines", and "Analysis of the Existing Norma for Permissible Induced Voltage".
Appropriate answars of these questions were formulated. They were included in the
"Directives for the Protection of Communication Lines Against Dangerous and Inter-
fering Influences" or will be published as series "R" recommendations.
The commission worked out the content of three new problems which, upon approval by
the VII Plenary Assembly of the 1~IIZKTT, were turned over to the V IK for study in
1981-1984. These problems included the following: atudies of protective devices
and their measurement, influences of communication systems organized via electri~
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power transmission lines on communication lines, interf.erence created in telecommu-
nication circuits by geomagneCic storms.
~ao ne~ recommendations were adopted: on the protection of aerial communication ca-
bl~s against the influence of radio stations and on joint use of trenches and co1-
lectors for communication cables and power cables. The first recommendation pro~
posed a method of calculating the influence of radio stations on ae~ial communication
cables in metal sheathing or without it and appropriate protective measures, such as:
to include capacitors of 0.01-O.QS microfarad between the cable conductors and the
ground and between the conductors themselves; to use cables with an external alumi-
num shielding from 0.2 to 1.0 mm thick depending on the required lowering of inter-
ference. The shielding must r.ompletely cover the core and the ends of the conduc-
tors. Interference can be lowered also by reducing the length of the repeater sec-
tion and by laying cables along a new route farther from radio stations.
In the second reco~nendation, conditions were formulated for joint use of trenches
and collectors for communication cables and power cables, and general requirements
were given for the above-mentioned cables from the standpoint of safety precautions.
Some changes were also made in the recommendation pertaining to tests for lightning
protection of semiconductor intermediate amplifiers with remote power supply
(Recommendation K-17). Among other things, it was proposed to include a new section
- pertaining to tests of equipment using microcoaxial cables of 0.7/2.9 mm.
It was decided to revise the "Directives It is supposed that, upon approval
of this proposal by the VII Plenary Assembly of the NIIZKTT, in the course of the next
two research periods, i.e., in the course of eight years, the "Directives wi11
be completely revised and published in the form of separate pamphlets treating var-
ious problems of the protection of communication lines against electromagnetic in-
fluences. The presently published pamphlets on grounding and protection against
lightning will be parts of the "Directives
The report on the work performed by the V IK during the past research period will be
submitted for approval to the VII Plenary Assembly of the N1KKTT.
More than 60 people participated in the meeting of the VI IK engaged in the problems
of protection against corrosion: specialists of 20 Commumications Administrations,
12 private recognized firms and companies, as well as of the International Union of
Railways.
The participants of the m!.ing examined in detail the results of studies on a11 14
problems entrusted to the VI IK, formulated the answers for them, worked out new and
refined the existing formulations of a number of recommendations of series "L".
In the course of the meeting, 31 permanent, 22 temporary, and 15 delayed documents
published during the period of the meeting were studied. It should be m~ntioned
that the majority of the contributions dealt with the problem 7/VI dealing with the
study of inethods of connecting conductors of communication cables.
Studies on two problems out of fourteen under study by the VI IK pertaining to the
protection of waveguide communication lines against corrosion and cables with a
1~
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~ r�ux ur�r1~ieL u~r; UNLY
plastic i^c�~latic~n ~~f tl:e cci~dact~~rs lis~�~ 1�ec:e c~~:~ip2c~tr.9 :titea :~pyi.~prt:~cr r~~:~~:_.;x~it-
dations have been developed.
The meeting of the commission formulated five new problems which, upon approval by
tihe VII Plenary Assembly of the MI~T, will be turned over to VI IK for study in
1981-1984.
These research topics include the following: peculiarities of laying long cables;
permissible bending of cables during laying; joint use of trenches and collectors
for laying communication cables and pipelines (this problem was proposed for study
by V IK); methods of connecting optical communication cables and their protection
against mechanical damages in the process of their storage, transporCation, laying,
_ and operation.
The final meeting decided to request the VII Plenary Assembly of the 1~IIZKTT to ap-
prove and permit pub~.ish~ng of recommendations on connecting conductors of communica-
tion cables worked out within the framework of the problems 7/VI in the form of a
separate pamphlet. There is no doubt that this document will be a good aid for spe-
cialists in selecting the most suitable methods and means for splicing communication
cables.
Great interest was expressed by the participants of the meeting and specialists in
the area of cable techniques by the exhibit during the meeting of the VI IK showing
the method of splicing conductors of communication cables. It was arranged with the
participation of communications administrations of Great Britain, France, Denmark,
Switzerland, and USSR, as well as tt~e 3M ComFany, 'Raykem,' ATT and NTT.
The exhibit showed various methods of connecting balanced and coaxial communication
cables, instruments and machines for connecting them, devices checking the quality
of connections, as well as movies and slides on the subject of the exhibit. Methods
of connecting optical communication cables were shown for the first time at an ex-
hibit of this kind.
Great interest was aroused among specialists by module connectors installed at cable
ma.nufacturing plants which ensure rapid connection of cables after their laying.
- When laying cables in telephone ducts, connectors are installed on one end of the
cable, which makes it possible to double the speed of connecting cables, and when
laying cables in an open trench, connectors can be installed on both ends. A spe-
cial device for checking the quality and correctness of connections submitted by the
ATT Company is very useful.
The great variety of the dis~:'_ayed methods and means of connecting both balanced and
coaxial pairs makes it possible to select the most rational methods which are mosC
reliable and require a lower labor and time input.
A number of items displayed at the exhibit will be reflected in the recommendations
on the methods of connecting the conductors of communication cables. In the opinion
of the participants of the mPeting, the exhibit definitely contributed to the broad-
ening of the technical horizons of the specialists who attended it.
. _ - -
_ - _ _ ~ .
~The reports on the work of the V and VI IK for the research period were submitted
for approval to the VII Plenary Assembly. ~
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USSR
RE~IONAL CONFERENCE ON MEDIUM WAVE BROADCASTING HELD
Moscow ELEKTROSVYAZ' in Russian No 3, Mar 81 pp 51-53
[Article by A. M. Varbansiciy]
[Text] Countries of Region II (territory of North and South America, islands of the
basin of the Caribbean Sea and Greenland) uae medium waves in the 525-1605 kHz band
for radio broadcasting. According to the new international diatribution of frequen-
cy banda to be introduced in 1982 for radio broadcast~ing, Region II wae assigned
the 525-1705 kHz frequency band. Moreover, sectiona of the 525-535 and 1605-1705
kHz band are asaigned for joint use with other servicea. Long waves are not used for
radio broadcasting in the countries of Region II.
There are more than 10,000 medium-wave stations operating in Region II. Their dis-
tribution is regulated by regional and bilateral agreements concluded during differ-
ent years. There was no single frequency plan for radio broadcasting, which compli-
cated further development of radio braadcasting in the countries of Region II.
In this connection, by resolution of the International Telecommunication Union, the
first session of the World Administrative Conference on Radio Broadcaeting on Medium
Wavea for the Countries of Region II was held in March 1980. Ite purpoae wae to de-
velop technical criteria on the basis of which a radio broadcasting plan (pointi, fre-
quency, power, antenna characteristic, etc) was to be developed in 1981 for the coun-
tries of Region II in the 535-1605 kHz band. Technical criteria and a plan for the
remaining section of the band will be developed in aubseq~ent yeara. An analogous
conference for developing technical criteria of plann3.ng for the countries of Re-
gions I and III(Europe, Africa and Asia) was held in 1974 [1]. On the basis of ite
resulta, a radio broadcaeting plan was developed and adopted.
Delegations of practically all the countries of Region IT participated in the con-
ference, including Great Britain, France, Denmark and Holland having their territo-
riea in Region II.
The first sesaion of the conference wae preceded by extenaive preparatory work o�
_ specialists of the countries of Region II in the courae of the last few years. As
- a result of this, coordinated technical proposals were developed. However, a aharp
discusoion developed in the course of the first sesaion, as a result of which many
_ parameters were revised, and final decisions were postponed to the aecond aession of
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the conference on a number of fundamental problems (frequency separation between
carrier frequencies, permissible power, methods of field intensity calculation, et;c).
When discussing �he progr~ss and results of the first session, we should keep in
mind the special characteristics of the structure and organization of radio broa.d-
casting on medium waves in the countries of Region II. Radio broadcasting sta+.ions
in the countries of Regions I-III are under the authority of governmental organiza-
tions or other official agencies. They are used for nationwide or regional radio
broadcasting. In this connection, high-power transmitters (500 kW and over) are
used, which makes it possible to serve large areas.
In the countries of Region II, radio broadcasting stations belong, as a rule, to
numerous private companies and are used for serving small territories or indi.vidual
cities. Their programs are local in nature, and not national. In this connection,
_ the power of their transmitters is not great, rarely exceeding 50 kW.
Table 1
Country Number of Transmitters, items
Total to 1 kW 1 kW 5 kW 10 kW to 50 kW
Costa Rica 47 1 22 11 11 2
Dominican Republic 96 17 42 31 6 -
Ecuaaor 228 117 74 14 16 7
Table 1 shows the data on the composition of transmitting stations of some countries
of Region II. -
In planning, it is proposed to classify radio stations depending on their purpos~e,
and permissible capacities are established for each class (Table 2).
Table 2
Station Class Purpose, Method of Service Permissible Power, kW
A Service to large territo- Day 100; night 50
ries. Ground and space
waves.
B Service to densely popu- 50
lated regions. Ground
wave.
- C Service to individual cit- Day 1-10 depending on
ies. Ground wave. the level of natural
interference; night 1.
The value of the maximum permissible power of Class A stations will be defined more
precisely due to the fact that even now stations with capacities of 150-500 kW are
operating and are under construction in a number of countries of Region II.
The value of field intensity at the boundary of a service Lone which is subject to
protection is established depending on the class of the station and the noise level
at its location (Table 3). Three noise zones are determined, Zone 3-- highest
level territories of Ecuador, Columbia, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago. Zane
2-- medium level territory between latitude 20 degrees South and 20 degrees North,
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Table 3
_ Station Protected Field Intensity, uV/m, for noise zone
Class 1 2 3
A 1~0/500 250/1250 750/1400
B 500/2500 1250/6500 2800/7000
C 500/4000 1250/10,000 2800/11,000
Note. Numerator field intensity value for the day;
denominator for the night.
with the exception of the eastern part of Brazil (longitude 45 degrees West), as
w~ell as the territory of Panama and other countries adjacent to it in the North.
Zone 1-- minimum level of noise the entire remaining territory of Region II.
The adopted field intensi~y values do not have sufficient technical substantiation.
For example, the value of 100 pV adopted for stations of Class A is below the
noise level of a household receiver, which was mentioned by some participants of the
conference. .
The problem of the value of frequency separation between carrier frequencies aroused
much controversy. At the present time, a frequency separation ot 10 kHz is being
used in the countries of Region II. It was recommended initially at the preparatory
conferences (in the countries of Regions I-III, 9kHz). Just before the conference,
it was proposed to switch to a separation of 9 kHz. This was motivated by the de-
sire to separate additional frequency channels (switching to 9 kHz creates 12 addi-
tional channels), because the administrations of a number of countries experience
' much pressure from private companies dema.nding permits for construction of new sta-
tions. The propasal about the switching to a separation of 9 kHz was supported by
the majority of the delegations. However, due to strong objections of some delegates
who pointed out that this proposal was not sufficiently studied, the final decision
was postponed until the second session. A special group of experts from eight coun-
tries was created for additional studies and preparation of the proposal.
In this connection, at the first session, the values of protective relations were
defined for two possible frequency separations: 9 and 10 kHz. In an adjacent chan-
nel, a protection of 5 dB (lowering to 0 dB is considered) is accepted for a separa-
tion of 9 kHz, and 0 dB is accepted for a separation of 10 kHz. In a combined chan-
nel, the protection does not depend on the frequency separation, and is accepted to
be equal to 26 dB.
It is stipulated in the decisions of the first session that the plan for frequency
distribution to be compiled during the second session of the conference in 1981 will
be intended for a five-year period, 1983-1987. After the expiration of this period,
the plan will be subject to revision with consideration for the state of its reali-
zation. This decision, which was termed dynamic, was characterized as an a~.r,h~eNe-
ment, however, it is possible that countries which will be able ro-~tealize the plan
by 1988 will have advantages in developing the plan.for the-.subsequent period (after
_ 1988) from the frequencies unused by other countries: ,
Bibliography
1. Varbanskiy, A. M. "First Session of the Regional Administrative Conference on
_ Radio Broadcasting on Long and Medium Waves in Region.s I and III", ELEI~ROSVYAZ',
No 3, 1975
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Radio i Svyaz "',"Elektrosvyaz 1981 ~
10~233 ~q
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