JPRS ID: 9880 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400030061-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 61
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9880
31 July 1981
- Sub-Saharan Africa Re ort
p
FOUO No. 733 ~
. ~
FBIS FOREIGt~ BRnADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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~ JPRS L/9880
31 July 1981
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 733
CONTENTS .
, INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS .
EEC Committee Anaiyzes Implementazion of Lome II Convention
~ (MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 12 J~m 81) 1
~ ECOWAS Summit Conference RPported
(A1AR(HES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 12 Jun 81) 4
Fr�~nch Socialist Party Position on Subsaharan Africa
(MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 22 May 81)...........~.... (
Briefs .
Southern France-African Cooperation 11
CENT RA?. AFRI CAN REPL~ LI C
Steps To Reduce Burden of Foreign Debt Payments ~
(MAR(HES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 19 Jun 81) 12
Briefs
Authorization of Ivory Trade 13
(~iAD
Some Economic Normalization Reported
(Francois Soudan; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 24 Jun 81) 14
Briefs
, Central Bank's Reopening 16
BIAT's Reopening 16
CON GO
Economic Improvement in 1980
~ ( MAR(H ES TROP I CAUX E T ME DI TE RRANE ENS , 19 Jun 81) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
- a - [III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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- NIGER ~
Briefs
President's Visit to St~IICERAM lg
Niamey Airport Expans~on 19 i
~ i
NI GERIA
Shagari Praised for Stand on Apartheid
(Editorial, Raph Uwechue; AFRICA, Apr 81) 20 ~
Economic Relations ~lith Western Nations Sought
(MARQiES. TRQPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 19 Jiui 81) 23
Othe~ NaCions Express Concern About Lack of Security
(MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERIiANL~ENS, 19 Jim 81) 24
Surveys Shaw Unemployment at 4.2 Percent of the Active PopulatioYi
- (MAR(HES TROPICAUX ET MEDIZERRANEENS, 19 Jtm 81) 25
Textile Indus try Crisis Resul-~s in Production Drop
(MAR(HES TROPICAUX ET MEDIT~RRANEENS, 19 Jun 81) 26
- Briefs
No Oil Price Tiecrease 27
Austrian Auto-Assembly Plant 27 ,
New Flights Announced 2~ ;
SENEGAL '
. Prime Minister Visits Mitterrand, Reaffirms Cooperation '
(MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 19 Jun 81) 28
Mitterrand Expresses Concern for Nation`s Problems
(JEUNE AFRIQUE, 24 Jim 81) 29
Review of Military, Economic, Political Ties With France
(MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS,. 19 Jun 81) 30
Government's Attempts To Obtain IMF Aid Noted
(JEUNE AFRIQUE, 17 Jim 81) 31
Briefs
French Troops' Presence 32
IrIDP's Requested Recognition 32
Peanut Seed Loan 32
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Zl~I~IA
Financial Situation Said To Remain Critical
(MARC~IES TROPICAU% ET MEDIZ~RRANEENS, 19 Jtm 81) 33
Briefs
CDC Financed Project 35
FRG Agreement 35
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= INTER-AFRICAN AF'FAIRS.
EEC COMMITTEE ANALYZES IMPL~NTATION OF LOME II CONVENTION
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 12 Jun 81 p 1582
[Text] The foreign r~elations section of the Economic and Social Committee (repre-
sentative organ of the EEC economic and social circles) exam3ned, on 12 May, a
lengthy draft report prepared by Mr Clavel and dealing with the implementation
of the Lome II Convention.
In general terms, it can be pointed out that the draft report sets mare far-
reaching ob3ectives for Lome II than the convention itself since it notes that
"while being an improvement on the first one, this new convention cannot solve
all the prob lems facing the ACP [African, Caribbean and Pacific] st~tes, parti-
cularly the problems of countries where there is an increasing deterioration in
the e~onomic and social situation." Are we not forgetting that the Lome II eon-
vention is only a contribution to a development effort which, in fact, involves
the country's own participation as we11 as the participation of other financial =
backers?
Conversely, the draft report is right ~ahen it mentions that the spirit of the
convention is more important thati the letter: "The~�terms of the convention, h~
ever specific they might be, can only lead to concrete results if the EEC and the
ACP countries combine their efforts to apply it in a sincere spirit of dialogue
and cooperation in the interest of development.... Therefore, there must b^ a
serious effort to ensure that people are informed in the EEC and in the ACP
countries if the Lome Convention is not to become a mere instrument of financial
assistan~e b~it it to acquire its true dimension."
The draft report goes on to analyze the various aspects of the convention. On
the subject of commerci:al cooperation, it notes that "access to the markets
' (EEC) remains belaw what the partners had reason t~ expect," so much so that the
co-munity must make additional efforts to reducs "the non-tariff obstacles to
exports from the ACP countries" and the latter must "do everything possible"
to increase "their trade w~~h other ACP states and third countries." The stance
suggested is clear: even in the case of sensitive com~odities, the EEC must be
more receptive to exports from the ACP countries and "must curtail its use of
safeguard clauses and protectionist prac*ices" because "in the few instances
where free access granted to goods from the ACP countries could create problems
for some of the EEC activities, the [foreign relations] section holds the view
- that all the availab3.e community instruments must be brought into play to facili-
tate the required ad~ustments within the community."
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On the subject of the STABEX jexpansion unknown] the attitude of the draft
report i.s favorable but it fears that the provisions allocated to the STABER ;
are insufficient;" it even hopes that "the community will persevere in its ef- i
forts to convince theleading developed countries to combine their efforta" in ~
order to "conside~ generalizing the system all over the world for all ~he devel-
- oping countries." '
As for the investments, the draft report considers "that a good balance must be
maintained between heavy and concenCrated investments (such as in the min~ng
industry) and more modest investments which are accompanied by fast results....
Whenever necessary, ~he financing plan for a proposed activity must include not
only the initial basic investment but also expenses to get the pro~ect going,
~ operating and maintenance expenses until the investment becomes productive."
The report regrets "the lack of a legal fram~work for the protection of invest-
ments and thinks that it would be expedient 11for the EEC to agree with the ACP
states on codes of conduct with clauses dealing with the promotion and mutual
protection of investments, the observance of certain rules in the social sphere,
the conditions for the settlement nf' disputes and the compensation to be paid
in the event of expropriation."
- Yn the in~ustrial sphere, "the creation of joint ACP-EEC enterprises in the ACP
countries can, be a positive contribution to the industrial development of those
countries," but from the viewpoint of industrial development, the budget allocated
to the CDI (Industrial Development Center), 25 mi113.on ecus at thc most, falls
short and representatives of the labor unions and employers organiaations from
the ACP countries and from the EEC should participate in the work of the CDI
Consultative Council. The economic and social circles of the EEC should also
coopesate in providing industrial training for citizens of the.ACP countries,
particularly regarding the operation of facilities and equipment, maintenance
_ and repairs.
In the sphere of energy, "priority must be given to mediu~size and sma11-size
projects connected with economic and social plans in rural areas."
On the sub~ect of agricultural cooperation, the draft report considers that "it
is ~ecessary to give priority to the following objectives: diversification of
agricuYtural production in an Pffort to seek self-sufficiency in food supplies;
local processing of agricultural products; rational exploitation of forests;
modernization of fishing activities and supply of equipment; water management;
building of the infrastructures and of the technical and social facilities which
are absolutely necessary for rural development."
These objectives should be primarily achieved by "encouraging the farmers to ~
participate in them".
The funds allocated to financial and technical cooperation are considered to be
insufficient and the methods used should be improved. The projects should be
- selected in such a way as to "give priority to the funding of income-producing
projects and of the economic and social infrastructures which must accompany them."
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The draft report notes that there are social aspects in the convention and that,
particularlS, regarding the regulations affecting migrant workers, further talks
must be conducted to complete th~ existing dacuments along the lines of the
praposals adopted by the Economic and Social Committee. `I'hus, "the EEC and the
ACP countries in particular could start negotiations leading to the conclueion
of a'social agreement' which will give the finishing touch to the convention."
That agreement should include a"mutual com~itment to ratify and implement various
ILO conventions containing principles likely to influence, in particular, the
social protection in the countries, the obligation for EEC enterprises who invest
in the ACP countries to abide by a number of regulations dealing with employment,
vocational training, h~alth and s~fe~y conditions and with the preveatian of
causes of pollution and of deterioration of the environment."
Finally the draft report regrets that the organizations of workers and emgloyers
in the ACP and EEC countries were not consulted whea the Lome II Conve~ition was
drafted and hopes that the meetings sc'~eduled to take place while that convention
is implemented will be held at regular intervals to "jointlq study...the social
impact of the convention."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981�
8796 .
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
ECCIWAS ST"~:~iIT CONFERENCE REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAU% ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 12 Jua 81 p 1589
[Text] Tt?e conference of heads of~atate and government from the Econoa~c Com-
munity of West African States (ECOWAS, composed of 16 countriea: Benia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Libea~ia,~ Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra I~eone, Togo,
Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Upper Volta, Mali and Niger) held its fourth
annual meeting in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from 28 to 29 May 1981.
The conference of hesds of state and government took aote of several deeisions
adopted by the council of ministers which met from 24 to 27 May 1981 as~d d~alt
with: the ECOWAS monetary cooperation program; the commoa farming policq; the
_ articles of association of the Fund for the Development of Telecommunications in
the ECOWAS member states; the liberalization of trad~ dealing with traditional
- handicraft goods and the reappointment of ECO'WAS statutory officials.
The conferance of heads of state and gevernment studied the recouomendations pre-
sented by the ECOWA& ~ouncil of Ministers and adopted, as indicated in the final
communique, the following deCisions:
- The conference ad4pted a list of traditional handicraft goods which will be given
preferential treatment in the framework of the program to liberalize trade ex-
changes. By ~hat decision, the conference decl:~~ed that the program for the ~
= liberalization of trade involving traditional handicraft goods and 1oca1 products
will be effective as ef 28 May 1981 according to the agreed timetabla.
The conference adopted recommendations to give uniformity to the legislation
applicabls to road traffic inside the commuaity regulating interstate road trans-
port in the aubregion.
~ The conference adopted an energy program for the coa~nunity. This program deals
with short-term~emergency measures and with a long-term development program for
the comm~unity. The executive searetary fs authorized to adopt whatever measurea
- are needed to implement the energy program.
- The conference adopted a medium-term postal program for the ECOWAS. The purpose
- of that program ie to gssess the regular flaw of mail within the com~unity.
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The conference adopted and si~nea a protocol dealing with mutual assistance in
matters of the community's defense. That protocol definES the scope and methods
of subregional cooperation on questions of defense and reinforces the first
prdtocol of non-aggression.
On administrative matters, the conference decided to create an ECOWAS commission
for requests of bids to assign contracts for commuuity projects. The conference
_ decided to reappoint Dr Aboubakar Diaby-Outtara to the post of executive secre-
tary of the ECOWAS and to keep the firm RA Dellsworth et Cie as the communiL�y's
commissioner of accounts.
Finallq, the conference approved the suggestion of its outgoing chairman to con-
vene a meeting of agriculture ministers at the earliest date and decided to meet
in Cotonou on 28 and 29 May 1982.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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INTER-AFRIC~AN AFFAIRS
rEENCH SO~IALIST PARTY POSITION ON SUBSAIiARAN AFRICA
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in ~ench 2~2 May 81 pp 1395-1396
'''[Article: "The Socfalist p~r~y ~nd A~r~Ca"]
~ /-Text 7Between the two rouncis of the presldential election, the Socialist
Party published a document specifyin~ its poait~ons on Subsaharan Africa,
which may well be taken as inspiring poliey.~for a government resulting from
a ma~ority such as the one that elected the new president of the republic.
Why this special interest in Africa? Because "of the three great Third
World divisions, Africa is ~he one in which, for historical and geographi-
cal reasons, France is most influen~',ial; tllis iniluence is essential ta
the international prestige of. aur country today; it is significant for
its economy, too. To a great extent our country xill be judged on its
- African position by the Third World." Thus .recognizing the preeminence of
Africa in French policy toward the Third World, the Socialist Party "intends
both to assume and tr~nscend the heritage of ~ench history and to trans-
late into actions its political will."
The new policy will have to be a realistic orle: �Proposals which xe do not
have the mPans to realize should not be formu].ated~' and will be meaning-
ful only if "it is in harmony with the policies of African states which have
similar goals."
It will be constructed around three principal considerations: "peace and
security economic develogment the growth of more rigFtteous societies,
faithful to their heritage while at the same time open to the world."
Peace and Security, Development Conditions
Peace and security have always been considered the necessary condition for
development. That is an axiom often repeated by the former president of
the republic. UnlYke some great powers that stir up the conflicts in Africa
- in hopes that an unsettled situaticn will give them more influence and the
chance to show off their strength to the opposing bloc, Trrance must work to
defuse present conflicts and help Africans to assurs the security of their
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continent themselves. That security must continue to rest on respect for
the principles asaerted by the OAU, in particular the inviolability of
national boundaries, the right of peoples to self-cietermination, and respect
for humari rights.
It is the flagrant in~ustice of the apartheid system wh3ch to the Socialist
Party appears to constitute the mo$t serious threat to the African continent
as a whole. It is useless, according to the party, to hope that economic
development will bring about its gradual breakdoxn. So the Socislist Party
w:ill take immediate steps to cease aiding the Pretoria regime through finan-
cial and technical efforts, by taking the decision to stop all public or
semi-public inQestments in South Africa and Namibia, and by withdr'awing all
~ aid to private investments, It xill associate itself with the economic sanc-
tions voted by the United Nations, aad as soon as poasible, considering the
technical limitations, Will reduce imports from South Africa, particularly
uranium imports. Wi�chin the contact group, France ~rill try to take back some
of the initiative, instead of leaving it to the Un3,ted States alnne, and
will firmly uphold the principle that the United Nations Organization must
be the only legal authority in Natnibia. At the saaae time, active aupport
should be given to "front line" states.
~In the " horn" of Africa, the Socialist Party xhich has come out in suppart
of the Eritrean people~s right to self-determination (as cf that of the
~ Saharans, incidentally), while recognizing Ethiopia~s right of access to
~ the sea, hopes for reactivation of the former preaident of the republic~s
proposal for an international conference aimed at involving Ethiopia,
Somalia, Eritrea, and D~ibouti in a settlement. It also hopes that France
will take an active part in the necessarily distant achievement of demili-
tarization of the Indian Ocean. Before that, it will have to have solved
the issue of Mayotte, which must again become an integral part of the
Comores archipelago, and have negotiated the "little islands" problem xith
Madagascar and Mauritius.
More generally, the Socialist Party by no means condemns the principle of
tne defense agreements made betxeen France and those African atatea who
want it, provided that it is specified that these accords "should be aimed
at the protection of the states against extex~al threats, snd not uncon-
ditional protection of regimes or rulers." In addition, "the presence ~P .
~ench military bases in certain African countries is not strictly linked
to the conclusion of defense agreemer~ts, nor tc> the establishin~ of mili-
tary facilities in certaln countries....The question of military bases
must therefore be handled separately, in a spirit oY frankness and innova-
tion, bearing in mind their geoetrategic situations, with the countries
involved. A soc~.alist-led government, thereYore, evidently considers itaelf
obligated by the commitments undertaken bg its predecsssors, but deems it
necessary to update most of the defense agreementa, most of which are in
any case old ones. It seems that it :~i.ll particularly encourage inter-
African defense accords, and make ~oliti~al and practical efforts to
- strengther. re~ional or continent~wide organizations such as the OAU. Thus
it xill support w~.th all its might the Sahara seaboard states in their efb-
forts to find a settlemsnt to present conf].icts in the Saharan and
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Sudanese-Sahelian regimea. In this respect, the Socia~ist P-arty document
states that it appreciates with "very keen interest Algeria~a important
contribution" to this objective.
Cooperation Everyone's Business
In the area of dev~lopment, the second policy direction, the Socialist Party
sees cooperation as merely a~~partial remedy, but not a definitive solution." .
The long-range goal is still "establishment of better relations on a world-
wide scale, especially crucial for a continent comprising nearly all the
- poorest countries in the world." ~s the Socialist Party sees it, "coopera-
tion practised by F~ance (of which Africa will be one, thaugh:p~rticularly
favored, field of application only) must have txo functions. On one hand,
to have the whole oi' the country~s human resources participate at the great-
est variety of levels in the fight against poverty in a continent to which
~,e are linked by many old ties. On the other, to initiate, within the most
manageabl.e short-term framework gossible, a~lateral relations, or insofar as
~ possible, relations between the EEC and associate countries, new types of
relationships as precursors of an international economic order."
Cooperation will be offered to as many African states as possible, without,
of course, abandoning old ties, and pwi~~tout denying France's special res-
ponsibilities toward countries which for three-quarters of a century were
intimately associated with its history, and share with it not only a common
conventional language, but also many apects of life-style and opinion form-
ing asscciate~3 with it." First of all "because pr~verty, sickness, and mal-
nutri~tion have no political color," and then because such cooperation would
enable certain countries, should they ao desire, to loosen the political and
economic constraints that may have led them to adopt certain political
stances. The only automatic excluaions from the field of French cooperation
wili be "racist regimes (such as that of South Africa) and those countries
in which assaults on human rights aomehow constitute a sort of governing
principle .
Cooperation tnus defined must become the business of all French people, and
not remain t}a matter for spec~alists,~par.t~eularly in areas"like research,
in which continuity of action is required," or, centrally, a special state
matter. In future, cooperation shoula involve all state bodies (to which
- present cooperants would be attached, thus availing themselves of employment
guarantees), as well as regions, communes, municipalities, trades unions,
and professional associations. In short, cooperation must "aonstitute an
essential dimension of the thought and action of a very large mass of French
people." A cooperation agency, whose administrative board would include
representatives of the sarious above-mentioned groups, could be created
to coordinate such a variety of actions properly, ~~to propose cooperation
opportunities to the ~overnment, to malfe sure that the undertakings selected
are implemented, to assign tasks, to help in training personnel."
To raise the means ior this policy. France will reportedly increase its
public aid, exclusive of DOM-TOM /i0verseas Department-Overseas ~errit�~�~ds7
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to 0.70 percent of its GNP, that is, the level specified by the United
Nations Organization, which would amount to practically tt~ri.ce as much as the
present sid earmarked for the Third Wor1d.
Two Direction~ for Develop~nent
Evc~lntion of'the world situation, oi1 price increases, dollar fluctuation,
and the sometimes erratic variations in the maricet prices of staples and
raw materials have had severe effects on African c~untries. The I,om~ con-
ventions have opened up some int~resting remedial prospects, but STABEX
/-expansion unknown 7 resources are inadequate for meeting a serious de-
pression in market prices, and STABEX itself only intiervenea in connecti~n
with the main products. Thus, at the same time, it is appropriate to sesure
producer states of import guarantees. So the Socialist Party suggests offer-
ing ~~a certain number of states co-develop~?ent contracts, which, after a
thnrough' discussion of both parties' goals and agreement upon them, xould
set, at least for the medium term, an enaemble of financing arraaigements and
exchan~e guarantees." In parallel, t�here should be encouragement of region-
al pr~jects that extend beyond the borders of states that "have neither the
demographic weight nor the economic weight to become credible entitiea on
the world scale, particularly to be the cadre of balanced industrial develop-
ment.~~ The greater .part of the population of Africa is still rural, and in
the medium term it does not seem desirable for this situation to change. Any
agricultural development policy must be directed toward ~orrecting food supply
shortages, which cause dependence on foreign countries and danger of famine.
An effort to tr~in African peasants "beyond mere techniques of farming, must
r~ake it possible, within medium time limits, to broaden prospects."
Industrial development will not be thought oY as competing with rural activi-
ties, but as complementing them~ It is, indeed, hone of the essential com-
ponents of economic independence, so long as industrialization is not left
, up to the initiative of foreign operators."
The preferential goals should give�priority to pro3ects generating high
added-value employment, leading to currency sa~ings, involving induced in-
vestments, ~rom which.the repatriation of reaources will be moderate, and to
regional pro~ects aa well.
In terms of sectors, the favored ones ~aill be ~~pro3ects valoriz3ng local
_ raw materials, especially agricultural products," and nthose processing
industries most inclined to develop, having proven potential for diversifi-
cation and innovation." Lastly, technology sharing should be encouraged
TMthrough technical aid contracts~(supply, management, operation, marketing,
training)gtzara.r.teeing rights and obligations among pa~tners," as well as the
creation of ~oint ventures permitting ~~growth of the foreign partner~s respon-
sibility in host countries with liberal economies." Finan~cial arrangements
~rill bavE tc b~; cer.5is~ent ar.d sati.sfactory investment profitability asaured.
Tr. the o~ir~ion oz the Socialist ~arty it is the PME (small and medium enter-
prisES) that seem best qualified to run this program "because of their
expanding and training effects from~the human as xell as the economic viexp~~:nt.~~
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Among the ~ew ma~or areas of i.nvolvement referred to by tr.~ Socialist Party
are again featured resumption of research ~~to preaerve the historical, cul-
tural, and technical heritage of Africa, blaze r~w paths tc development"
througla basic reseaxch, and ~~help African states to acquire mastery of ad�~
vanced technologies,~~ special vigilance over the health and social asp~cts
of an;f development project, since human welfare must "constitute an end in
itseli', not just a means to greater productivity, and finally, promotion
of the role and status of African women.
- Cultural Aspect of Cooperation
The cultural aspect that should characterize any cooperation between France
and Africa is dictated oy the importance of the French language, an inter-
national communication lsnguage and a common language over a wide area of
Africa. "Language is not a neutral instrument,n the Socialist Party notes;
~~~;ith it and through it, ideas, techniques, and wa~e of life are transmitted
throughout the world." The Socialist Party will therefore ~~fight the con-
stant reducti.on in funds for cultural action." Needless to say, language,
on the other hand, "cannot be an instrument of imperialism," and dissemina-
tion of French must not be a~ource of sociel rifts nor take place "to the
detriment of African lan~uages and cultures.~~ It will be up to each of the
governments in F~ench-speaking Africa to take responaibility for chooaing
whether it will make French a widely taught foreign language or the official
language of education, and the Socialist Party will scrupulously reapect the
choice. But "to the extent that it is requested to do so, it will assist in
the training of African liguists, in the gathering and dissemination of
Africa~s linguistic, literary, and cultural heritage."
Thus, the Socialist Party believes, it xill c~emonstrate fa3~thfulness to its
concept of cooperation; that is to say, "exchange among equals." ~~We
refuse,~ the Socialist Party document concludes, "a chilly retreat into our
own heritage: we intend to foster dialogue, the promise of mutual enrichment
and brotherYiood.'~
COPYFiIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 198~
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INTER-AFItICAN AP'FAIRS
BRIEFS
SOUTHERN FRANCE-AFRICAN COOPERATION--On the one side were some 100 company managers
from the Rhone-Alpes region which gathered in Lyons on 21 May last at the initia-
_ tive of the Lyons Interprofessional Group, chaired by Michel Robatel; on the
_ other side were about 50 African representatives, most of them from the private
sector--and this was a first unusual feature--who came from many African coun-
tries: Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Central African Republic, Congo, Zaire, Ivory
Coast, Togo, Benin, Mali, Upper Volta, Niger and Cameroon. The topic of dis~
cussion was industrial cooperation in both the spheres of health and food--and
this was the second unusual feature of the meeting. In June 1979, the Club of
Dakar had organized a similar but multisectoral meeting in Dakar for the purpose
of making the small and mediu~sized businesses of southeast France aware of
African assets. On 21 May this year, the Club of Dakar started a new trend by
coupling the regional approach, which is essential in the case of France, and the
specialized approach, illustrated by the quest for cooperation agreements in the
health and food spheres. Roundtables devoted to different types of production
(meat, milk, other liquid and dry goods, soil management, refrigeration, phar-
- maceutical and medical industries) enabled both sides to take stock of and
accurately identify the problems, projects and solutions which will have to be
jointly implemented. Their action anticipated the sectorial dialogue between
Africa and European countries which T. Diataara, chairman of the Club of Dakar,
had hoped for as he opened the meeting. Finally, there was a noteworthy decision:
to create a"cell" of local and African representatives who will act as a think-
tank and moving force to continue and expand the initial trade exchanges and to
give permanent character, on an informal but definite manner and by means of the
least cumbersoine organization, ta the dialogue initiated in 1979 and resumed on
21 May 1981. [Text] [Paris MARG'HES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 12 May
81 p 1582J [COPY:RIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981a 8796
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CENTRAL AFRI~N REPUBLIC
STEPS TO REDUCE BURDEN OF FOREIGN DEBT PAYNIENTS
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MIDITERRANEENS in French 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1659
[Article: "Toward Reorganization of the Foreign Debt"]
[TextJ The representatives of the goverrunents of the Federal Republic of Germany,
Austria, the United States, France, Italy and Switzerland met in Paris on 11 and
12 June with the representatives of the government of the Central African Republic
to examine the request for a teduction of this country's foreign debt.
Observers fran the Il~', the World Bank, the UNCTAD [United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development] secretariat, the OECD, as well as from Japan and Great
Britain, also attended the meeting.
According to a co~unique from the French minister of economy, the representatives
~ of the participating countries were responsive to the efforts at recovery under-
taken by the goverrunent of the Central African Republic. They also noted with
satisfaction the committment by this govermnent to an econanic and financial
program which benefited from the support of confirmation by the International
Monetary Fund on, 10 A~ril 1981. They felt it necessary for the success of this
program to refinance or to reschedule the debt aervice in order to improve this
country's prospects for foreign payments in order to facilitate the recovery of
its economy.
Tn this spirit the representatives of the participating countries agreed to recom-
mend to their respectivP governments a major reorganization of the Central African
Republic's foreign debt resulting from the guaranteed loans and credits granted by
the cr.editor countries.
This reorganization applies to arrearages and to payments due as debt service from
1 January 1981 to 31 December 1981 on the basis of contracts signed before
1 January 1981. Ttieir reimbursement will be made by the government of Che
Central African Republic over a 9-year period, including a 4-year grace period.
The Centra]. Afri.ca delegation insisted on expressing their gratitude to the
creditor countries which mei at the Club de Paris for the voluntary efforts to
aid the Central African Republic put its economic and financial situa.tion in
order.
~OPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
~
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CENTRI,.u, AFRICAN REPUBLIC .
BRIEFS
AUTHORI7ATION OF IVORY TRADE--Central African president David Dacko is said to have
- quietly authorized resumption of ivory collecting. He is even reported to have
given the monopoly on this very lucrative trade to an enterprise with which he is
- closely aff iliated. On his return to power in I979, he had dissolved the collection
companies which had become rich under Bokassa from the cadavers of some 30,000 ele-
phants. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1068, 24 Jun 81 p 41] [COPXRIGHT.
_ Jeune Afrique G1tUPJIA 1981] 5157
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_ CHAD
SOME ECONOMIC NORMALIZATION REPORTED
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1068, 24 Jun 81 p 37
[Article by Francois Soudan: "Chad-Qadhdhafi--How to Get Rid of flim?"]
- [Text] It was in Freetown, a year ago, during the last OAU summit meeting. In the
corridors behind_:the conference room, the delegations of the two main clans which
had been at war for 90 days in Chad engaged in innumerable talks, rumors, whispered
asides. There was talk of blocked opposition and a hundred ye.ars' war. There were
few who could yet foresee what was to happen less than four months later: the mass
arrival of Libyan troops, the triumph of Goukouni ~Taddc}~~~and the long xetreat of
Hissein Habre's men toward their sanctuary on the Sudanese frontier.
Since then Qadhdhaf i's soldiers have remained, holding sensitive points in the coun-
try, keeping flissein Habre's Northern Armed Forces in the resistance in the East,
and allowing the Goukouni government only a narrow margin for manouvering.
The chiefs of state meeting in Nairobi, apart from their natural distaste for the
leader in Tripoli, can hardly fai.l to note the stagnation of the situation in Chad.
In fact, aftex eight months of s~nit meetings aborted in postponements, the lack of
means and the consensus indispensable to the d~.spatch of a 3oint neutral force to
Chad, the member nations_of the OAU have resigned themselves to leaving the Chad
issue in the hands of its two bothersome neighbors: Nigeria and Libya. It is signi-
f icant that the last meeting of the ad hoc com~ittee of the pan
African organization
on Chad, which was to be held at the end of May in Freetown, was quite simgly can-
celled and postponed--until the Nairobi summit meeting. For no reason.
But what can the OAU do about the Libyan retreat once "urged" and "desired" by the
participants in the congress? Organize a dispatch of a neutral African force? That
is hardly likely, so forceful are the differences about its composition and financ-
ing. Thus it is between Lagos and Tripoli that the fate of Ndjamena will be settled.
To judge from the altercations which characterized the last meeting between Shagari
and Qadhdhafi in the capital of Chad on 21 and 22 May (JEUNE AFRIQUE, No 1066), it
can be presumed that this will ha.rdly be easy. .
Unless, that is, the people of Chad themselves decide to facilitate the task of their
protectors, by embarking upon the task of civil peace. A certain economic normaliza-
tion (the reopening in May of the agencies in Chad of the Bank of Central African
Stat~s and the International Bank for West Africa) as well as military normalization
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(29 May agreement on the establishment of an integrated national armq) is seen as a
positive indication in this connection.
There remains this last point which still must be clarified. An incongruous collec~
tion of the pro-Libyan groups of Ahmat Acyl, Goukouni's People's Armed Forces and
the Chadian Armed Forces of Wadel Abdel Kadsr Kamo~gue, this nation~.l army remains
in the planning stage for the moment. Wlzo will staff it? Who will train it? Volun-
teers are not lacking: Libya, of course, but Nigeria as well, and the most recent
entry, Algeria. If none of these cour~tries has the unanimous endorsement of their
partners in Chad, it will fall to the OAU to accomplish this task. This aeutral
= force has indeed existed for 18 months. But on paper only.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981
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CHAD
~
BRIEFS
CENTRAL BANK~S REOPENING--The office of the Bank of Central African States
~ (BEAC) in Ndjamena reopened its doors on 10 June, while a commerical airplane
landed in the airport of the Chadian capital on a trial basis for the first
time since the end of the ba~tle of Ndjamena in December 1980. The reopening
of the BEAC office marks an impartant first stage toward no~oa,lization of the
financial and economic situation in Chad. This measure had been decided on
several weeks a~,go by the Committee of Mini~ters of Finances of the five
member states of the BEAC (Cameroon, Congo, Central Africa; Gabon and Chad)
in Libreville. The Nd~amena office, closed since the beginning of the
hostilities in March 1980, still has same CFA 14 billion which it kept in its
coffers during the fighting. The landing in the Ndjamena airport, of an Air
Afrique DC-8 cargo plane coming from Paris could, AFP indiaates, ultimately
result in the reopening of regular airlines between Nd~amena and several
African and European capitals. During its landiag the craft benefited frrnn
only "modest" technical assistance on the ground. The control tower, in fact,
had sustained serious damage during last year's conflicts. It should be
_ remembered that since the end of the fighting, the Chadian capital has re-
mained cut off from the rest of the world in terms of air connections as well
as telecommunications. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAIIX ET MEDITERRANEEN"S in
French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1659] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.]
9380
BIAT'S REOPENING--By decree No 28 of 3 June 1981, the GUNT [Transitional
National Union Government] authorized the opening of the BIAT (International Bank
for Africa in Chad), SA with capital of CFA 450 million. Duly organ~zed since
28 February 1980, BIAT has taken over the offices operated in Chad by BIAO
[International Bank for West Africa]. At this writing it is open to customers.
Moreover, the GUNT instituted a general moratorium on debta by a decree of 3 June.
The clientele of the banking eatablishments may avail themselves of this mora-
tori~un with respect to the latter. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1659] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et
Cie Paris 1981.] 9380
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CONGO
- ECONO~MIC IMPROVEMENT IN 1980
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX E'.~ MEDITIItRANEENS in French No 1858 19 ~un 81 p 1661
[Article: "Development of the Trade Situation"]
[Text] During 1980 the trade situation in Congo clearly improved.
Nonetheless, as far as general merchandise is concerned, the extension of
monopolies entrusted to the r7ational Marketing Office (OFNACOM) to a11 fo~s of
packaging and display of the axticles thus reserved kas resulted in the dis-
appearance of the latter in the free trade stores.
What is more, private commerce is running up againat the rigidity of price control
zegulation; this regulation needa to be revised, brought up to date and reduced.
An easing of the methoda of granting and renewing the foreign merchants' licenses
is also necessary.
The retail trade is particularly complaining of unfair competition from illegal
street vendors, who sell off at liquidation prices articles coming from thefts
or smuggling; these vendors do not pay either taxes, licenses or duties.
In 1980 sales of vehicles rose to 2,869 units, an increase of 44 percent over 1971.
The building-public works sector benefited fram a+certain revival, a revival
which started during the last quaxter of 1979. This activity was supported by the
res~unption of public investments in road and civil engineering construction and by
- the development of private pro3ects for the construction of buildings. The revival
efforts were thwarted, hawever, by ~upply shortages, especially of cement. While the
construction materials are benefiting from active demand, the extent of the require-
ments is causing certain bottlenecks at the level of the flow of orders between
Pointe-Noire and Brazzaville. These delays aggravate the financial charges in a
manner that is not negligleable.
~ Up to naw, the serious disadvantages which have existed for years have not been
remedied: cutoffs of electricity and water, particularly in Po3nte-Noire and
deficiences ~.~n tY~e telephone network, the telex network and internal cos~nunications.
In social terms, 1980 was relaCively calm. Negotiations from March to June in which
both sides were equally represented resulted in raising most pay scales, the in-
creases amounting to between 7 and 25 percent depending on the categories and the
agreements.
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In social terms, 1980 wgs relatively calm. Negotations from March to June in
which both sides were equally represented resulted in raising most psy scales, the
increases amounting to between 7 and 25 percent depending on the categories and
- the agreements.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux ~t Cie Paris 1981.
9380
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NIGER
- BRIEFS
PRESIDENT'S VISIT TO SONICERAM--On 5 June the Nigerian head of state, Col 3eyni
Kountche, visited the Nigerian Ceramics Company (SONICERAM) where he announced
that a second plant will be put into operation as early as 1982 with a view to
increasing the capacity of the first production plant, esti.mated at same 15,000
tons per year. The second plant will require an investment of CFA 1.8 billion
(including CFA 600 million furnished by the FRG and the rest by Niger) for
production of 37,000 tons of bricka per year. The head of state also visited
the Center for Research on Meningitis and Bilharziosis. During this second
visit he indicated that the research laboratory will be expanded with the
construction of two buildings, among other thinga. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1653] [COPYRIGHT:
Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.] 9~80
NIAMEY AIRPORT EgPANSION--The Nigerian head nf state, Col Seyni Kountche, recently
visited the Niamey Airport construction site, in the process of expansion because
- of the increase in passenger traffic and freight. These expansion works are
estimated at CFA 1.2 billion, while the enlargement of the freight buildings
will amount to CFA 700 million. Colonel Kountche gave instructions for the
airport authorities to penalize transport agents who do not remove their merchan-
dise in time. Thus, according to the Nigerian press, merchandise had even been
stored on the parking area for the airplanes. This posed a security problem and
a delay in deliveries, which resulted in stock shortages and price increases.
Finally, the Nigerian head of state managed to determine what had been the status
_ of the progress of Che road under construction which is to connect the city to
the airport. This road will consist of two lanes coming and going with a total '
length of 14 meters, a rotary and a central 4-meter median strip for lighting.
_ According to information the construction will come to an end in January 1982 at
the same time as that of the airport. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1653] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et
Cie Paris 1981.] 9380
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NIGERIA
SHAGARI PRAISED FOR STAND ON APARTfiEID
London AFRICA in English No 116, Apr 81 pp 14-15
[Editorial ~y Raph Uwechue: "Nigeria and Apartheid"]
[Text ]
~ N T~IEORY the primary responsibility for ~
the overthrow of South Africa's apartheid
system rests with the oppressed citizens of that
country. This they are determined to do and are
indeed doing with every conceivable handicap
within the tight limits of their current political
and material resources. But in pracYice the fact ~
remains that without adequate support -
moral as well as material - from the rest of
~ Africa, the price of the struggle could prove too
high for them in view of the comparative
strength and sophi~tication of South Africa's
oppressive machine, backed by the econo~nic
- and military mi~ht of western powers. Thus, in
the fmal analysis, th~ survival of the apartheid
policy within South Africa, and extraterritor-
ially in Namibia still rests on the fact that so far
no African country or group of countries,
potentially capable of coping with Pretoria's
long-standing and humiliating challenge, has
stepped sufficiently forward to~ do so.
Successive OAU resol~utions and ritualistic
condemnations of apartheid have worn so thin
over the past eighteen years of the organisati~on's
existence that they have ceased to be of any
serious relevance in the search for an effective
solution. The ~,usa~Ca Manifesto, adopted by the
OAU in 1969 and designed to appeal to the con-
science of the worla, inade it clear that Africans
prefer the desired change in South Africa to
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occur peacefully rather than violently, provided ~
the White usurpers could be persuaded by their
western backers to work for a quick transition to
democratic institution~ guaranteeing equal
rights and protection to all citizens Black or
White. Subsequent OAU declarations have con-
firmed this commitment by the African side.
Yet, over a decade later, there is still no evidence
_ oF any real movement towards a peaceful dis-
mantling of the apartheid system.
In spite of their undoubted moral commit-
ment, and in the case of the Frontline states, their
considerable material sacrifices in relation to
their meagre resources, few B?ack African
countries are today in any position to provide the
Gberation struggle in South Africa with sutficient
political and ~naterial backing to fight t;:~
apartheid institution effectively. Because of its
resources Nigeria's case is substantially different.
After the active and probably decisive roles
played successively by the regimes of Gen.
Murtala Muhammed and Gen. Obasanjo in the
- liberation of Angola and Zimbabwe, the new
logical target demanding Nigeria's attention is
the odious system of apartheid in South Africa.
It is to the credit of the Shagari adm~inistration
that it has ful~y grasped this fact. President
Shagari's o~cial pronouncements since taking
office eighteen months ago and, in particular,
the very strong concern which he has~ voiced
during his visits to the western capitals of Wash-
ington recently and London last month, indicate
clearly enough that Nigeria i~set to step into the
arena and take its rightful place in the struggle
against apartheid. He has served clear notice to
the western powers that Nigeria `shall use every
means at its disposal to fight apartheid and those
who, by various trading practices, keep it alive.'
Because the apartheid regime is nourished and
sustained through an umbilical cord connecting
South Africa with western military and economic
power, Nigeria is now asking the backers of
apartheid to take the necessary steps to sever
that link by supporting UN economic sanctions
against the apartheid regime, or to choose
between friendship and trade with South Africa
on the one hand and the rest of Black Af~ica on
the other.
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With its very considerable human and
material resources, Nigeria is potentially well
placed :u help Black Africa tackle its most
pernicious and most humiliating challenge. It is
in this context, with the propects of redeeming
- not only the civil rights of the oppressed citizens
of South Africa, but in a broader global sense the
honour of the Black African everyw here, that
the increasingly active concern being shown by
Nigeria vis-a-vis apartheid becomes as necessary
as it is commendable. In this task she needs the
support of all Africa.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Africa Journal Ltd
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NIGERIA
ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH WESTERN NATIONS SOUGHT
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1657
[Text] Nigeria participated in an international trade conference held at the end of
Ma.y in San Diego, California, on the theme "A World Econoculture Project." It was
sponsored by the Educational Culture Complex (ECC), a college offering two year
study programs, which is a part of the college network of the municipality of San
Diego, which entirely finances the project. The organizations which collaborated in i
preparations for the conference were, along with the ECC, the United Nations (UN~,
the Association of International Business Centers and the U. S. Department of Com-
merce. Participants included a number of African diplomats and American business-
men, including, among others, representatives of the Bank of America, Chevron Over-
seas Petroleum, and the Bechtel Power Corporation. The representatives of Nigeria
were Simon Yough, first advisor to the permanent mission at the United Nations, and
A. A. Ajakaiye, Nigerian consul general in the United States.
Both gentlemen spoke, and Mr Yough in particular recommended the expansion of eco-
nomic cooperation between African and western countries. On behalf of Nigeria, he
appealed to American investors, recalling that the country undertook a five-year
development plan this year calling for expenditures totaling more than 150 billion
dollars.
The president of the ECC, a black American colleague, Mrs Lillian Beam, explained
what i.s meant by an "econoculture pro~ect." It is a program to al.low Ameri~ans to
participate in the economic development of Africa on the basis of a prior under-
standing of the cultures of the black continent. The current program is planned for
five years, with agreements expected this year concerning North Africa and West
Africa.
The considerations set forth at the San Diego conference by the California secretary
for public health and soci.al affairs, Mario Obledo, should also be stressed. He be-
lieves that greater cooperation is necessary in the West with regard to the third
world.
Yn the United States, he said, "we should undertake a reassessment of our foreign
policy, for I have the feeling that the developing countries, as their economic
power increases," he said, "wi11 perhaps be less ready than in the past to tolerate
a certain regligence. The third world must see priority granted to it. The United
Stat.es must treat the countries in the third world with respect and equality. We
must understand the cultural an1 social factors specific to the African countries,
and we must recognize the diversity which is found in these countries."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Morew~ et Cie Paris 1981. 23
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NIGERIA
OTIiER NATIONS EXPRESS CONCERN ABOUT LACK OF SECURITY
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1656
[Te~ct] Security has not ceased to deteriorate in Nigeria for several months, and
has reached worrisome proportions, to the point of arousing serious concern both
abroad and domestically. This concern, moreover, was publicly expressed in Paris on
5 May to Minister of Industries Alha3i Adamu Ciroma, during his meeting with the
CNPS [National Council of French Employers] issuin~ an invitation to French in-
dustrialists and busine~smen to invest in his country.
Now, an AFP [French News Agency] dispatch reports that three members of the EEC
[European Economic Community]--the Netherlands, Italy and France--have sent letters
of protest ~o the federal authorities in Nigeria demanding, in particular, the imple-
mentation of security measures for their nationals.
rhe Italian embassy in Lagos, in fact, sent the miniatry of external affairs a
written communication on 22 May demanding that "the necessary steps be taken by the
authorities in Nigeria to protect the lives and property of Italian nationals."
This note from the Italian diplomatic mission was pursuant, it was explained, to
the attack made on three Italians en route to the international airport in Lag:,?s
where they were to take a flight for Europe on 20 May. ~io of the three individuals
were seriously injured by a dozen armed thieves who stripped them of their personal
effects.
The protest registered by the French embassy in Lagos on 23 May was the result of a
similar incident which occurred the same evening. Four French citizens, also en
route to the international airport, were in this case stopped and then in3ured by
six men armed with revolvers and machetes. In its protest, the French embassy also
complained of the fact that the police station to which the victims went to file com-
plaints demanded the equivalent of 400 dollazs to take the statements of the ~~~i.~tims.
Recalling the incidents which have occurred in recent months in Lagos, Ibadan and
Port harcourt, where French women have been raped, French citizens in~ured or simply
robbed, the French embassy stated in its communication that it is "profoundly con-
cerned about the constant and almost daily attacks as well as the atmosphere of in-
security which weighs over our na.tionals."
The Dutch embassy, for its part, had sent a letter to the authorities in Nigeria on
behalf of all of the CEE countries some weeks earlier. It stated therein that "if
the atmosphere of insecurity is to continue, foreign countries will have a difficult
time retaining their technicians, not to mention recruiting new ones in the regions
affected by this problem."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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NIGERIA
SURVEYS SHOW UNEMPLOYMENT AT 4.2 PERCENT OF THE ACTIVE POPULATION
~ Paris MARCIiES TROPICAUX.ET MEDITERRANEENS:.in French No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1656
[Text] According to recent surveys made by the National Manpower Board in Nigeria,
1,340,000 persons are currently unemployed in the country, representing 4.2 percent
of the active population. Out of the total of 32,240,000 persons of working age,
only 30,900,000 are currently employed.
The number arid percentage of unemployed persons in relation to the active population
does not take into account the persons entirely without work, rather than merely
underemployed, a situation affecting practically the majority of the labor force.
According to the statements of the federal government itself, the 4.2 percent figure
is an underestimate of the real scope of ttie problem, since the rate varies from 8
to 13 percent in the urban centers.
The number of wage earners, estimated at 3 million, or ~9 percent of the active popu-
latio.n, is believed by the goverr~ment authorities to be too low, above all if the
entry of young people into the job market and the rural exodus are taken into accouat.
Estimates indicate that between now and the end of the fourth deve3.opment plan, there
will be an active population of 24,820,000 persons, with 1;260,000 unemployed. Thus
3,950,000 jobs will have to be created, demanding an increase'in job offers of
5 percent per year. ,
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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NIGERIA
TEXTILE INDUSTRY CRISIS RESULTS IN PRODUCTION DROP
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1657
[Text] In our 3 April issue, we reported on p 948 that, as had the plans belonging
to Nortex (Nigeria) Ltd. and Norspin, Ltd., in Kaduna, the Nigeria Teijin Textiles,
Ltd. plant located in Ikeja had just, in its turn, been forced to shut down because
of serious financial difficulties caused by foreign competition and fraud and the
resultant gradual dwindling of its market outlet. -
These shutdowns have already caused a serious drop in domestic textile production
and it is estimated that in 1981 this production will be 30 percent below that of
1980, which itself was lower than the 1979 figure. The first 1980 production esti-
mates point to about a billion square meters of cloth, with demand assessed at about
1.3 billion. With a 30 percent decline in production, the figure for 1981 would thus
come to only some 700 million square meters.
According to the Textile Manufacturers' Association, the cost price for textile
plants has increased by 34 percent in the course of the last two years, while sale
prices have not increased commensuratel.y. The cost of raw material alone has gone
up 18 percent. It is this catastrophic situation which has contributed to an advan-
tage for foreign competition and fraud, which has become widespread.
The remedy would involve the elimination of its imports by the federal government and
the taking of steps to make the plan~s more competitive and better able to function.
Some may require bank credit at low interest rates in order to modernize, while
others may require water and electricity supply at advantageous rates.
Finally, a decrease in customs and excise duties on raw materials and imported ma-
teri~ls would be needed.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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NIGERIA
BRIEFS
NO OIL PRICE DECREASE--The director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
(NNPC), in a statement made on 12 June, categorically denied reports to the effect
that Nigeria had already affected a 4 dollar re3uction on the price of its oil,
- thus it remains officially on sale at between 40 and 41 dollars per barrel for the
best quality. However, pressure is still being exerted on the country to effect a
reduction in its prices. We might recall that the production level, for its part,
has already reached a dangerously low level, threatening to compromise the imple-
mentation of the plan (MARCHES TROPICAU% ET MEDITERRANEENS, 12 Jun 81 p 1597).
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROP ICAUX ET N~DITERRANEENS No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1657)
[COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Pari~ 1981.] 5157
AUSTRIAN AUTO-ASSEMBLY PLANT--The Austrian Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG firm believes that
.its utility vehi.cle assembly plant in Bauchi, which began operation in July 1979
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Jul 79, p 2109) constitutes a model for
other plants of the same type planned for Mexico, Brazil, the Philippines and
Indonesia. The mother company also believes that when the plant in Nigeria has
reached its full capacity in 1982, its production will�meet 25 percent of the domes-
tic demand for heavy duty vehicles. We might recall that initially it had an annual
production of 8,000 trucks and 2,0~0 tractors, which immediately placed it in a good
position in relation to its competitors (MARCHE~ TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 25 Jul
30 p 1861) . T!~e merher company also regorts tha.t *_he plant is ready brin~i.+g in
1.5 billion shillings per year in foreign exchange from its turnover total, and 20
percent of its employees are Austrian. [Text] [MARCAES TROPICAUR ET MEDITERRANEENS
No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1657] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981~ 5157
NEW FLIGHTS ANNOUNCED--The Air Afrique airline has announced that a new Paris-
Brazzaville flight, with a stop in Kano, was initiated on 5 June. This stop brings
the number of weekly flights provided to Nigeria to two. The stopover occurs on
_ Friday afternoon (between 1605 and 1705 hours) on the Paris-Brazzaville flight (de-
parting Charles deGaulle Aixport at 1130 hours), and Friday night (between 2355 and
0055 hours) in the opposite direction (departing Brazzaville at 2115 hours). We
might recall that the UTA (Air Transportation Union), for its part, initiated a
fifth weekly flight to Nigeria on 4 June, with a fourth direct flight from Paris to
Lagos (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 22 May 81 p 1240). Thus the two com-
panies are each servicing the large airport in the northern part of the federation
once a week. The UTA flies DC-10 aircraft and Air Afr.ique DC-8ts. [Text] [MARCflES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRaNEENS No 1858, 19 Jun 81 p 1657] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et
Cie Paris 1981] 5157
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SENEGAL
PRIME MINISTER VISITS MITTERRAND, REAFF7RMS COOPERATION
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET 1~DITERRANEENS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1649
[Article: "From 14 to 19 June: Habib Thiam's Visit to France"]
[Text] Senegalese Prime Minister Habib Thiam, who made a 4-day official visit
to France on 14 to 19 June, was received on 15 June by the head of state,
Francois Mitterrand, to whom he delivered a measage fram the Senegalese
president, Abdou Diouf.
Thiam, who was the first high ranking official from Bla ck Africa to be received
by the French president, expressed the wish t:~at cooperation between Paris and
Dakar take on an "exemplary" character. He emphasized that as far as Senegal's
difficulties in confronting the problems of drought are concerned, he wished
to see "very close" cooperation establiehed between France and Senegal.
In another connection Thiam called "very fruitful" the survey of current major
international issues which he instituted wl th Francois Mitterrand. He in-
dicated that he had not especially mentioned the Free Zone problems with the
President of the Republic. This question, as we11 as all the problems dealing
with cooperation between Paris and Dakar were brought up during talks which
he had on 17 June with Claude Cheyason, the minister of foreign affairs, and
Jean-Pierre Cot, the minister of cooperation, and on 16 June with Jacques
Delors, the minister of economy and finance.
' It should be noted in another connection that Thiam was received on 16 June
by Pierre Mauroy, the French prime minister, and on 18 June by Jean Laurain,
the secretary af state for war veterans, with whom he Calked about the problems
associated with the Senegalese war veterans statute.
After having indicated that the problem of the forthcoming French-African
suu~nit, which will meet once a year--once in France, once in Africa, had not
been dealt with, Thiam concluded by emphasizing the affinities of the French
Socialist Partq and the Senegalese Socialist Party which, he indicated, "have
always worked hand in hand."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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SENEGAL
MITTERRAND EXPRESSES CONCERN FOR NATION'S PROBLEMS
Paris JEUI3E AFRIQUE in French No 1068, 24 Jun 81 p 41
[Text] Habib Thiam, the prime minister of Senegal, former French 100 and 200 meter
champion, was the first of the African leaders to meet Francois Mitterrand. He met
with the new French president on 15 June, after having had a lengthy talk that same
day with Prime Mizister Pierre Mauroy. There then followed a succession of minis-
terial meetings with, among other officials, Minister of Economy Jacques Delors,
Minister of Cooperation Jean-Pierre Cot, and the first secretary of the French
Socialist Party, Lionel Jospin.
It was this group, moreover, which sponsored the acceptance of the Senegalese
Socialist Party (of which Habib Thiam w~s at that time the foreign relations offi-
cial) into the Socialist International in 1977.
"We will do all we can," President Mitterrand promised the Senegalese minister.
"We are aware of the serious problems which concern Senegal," Pie~re Mauroy assured
him. But will the new French leaders offer more than the truly exceptional aid of
six billion French francs provided by the former government in 1980? For the time
being, it is simply accepted that the military cooperation between the two countries
will not be altered, and that it will remain governed by the 1974 agreement. Accord-
ing:to Mr Habib Thiam, these agreements remain imperative becausE of the "demands of
the moment."
The trip ma.de by Habib Thiam to Paris is a part of the network of more general rela-
tions between France and a good number of African countries. Senegal, which has the
multiparty system, may even play a dynamic role in the rapprochement between Paris
and certain African capitals where the lea.ders are regarded in France as less
"respectful" of the rights of their citizens.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981.
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SENEGAL
i
REVIEW OE MII,ITARY, ECONOMIC, POLITICAI, TIES WITH FRANC$ ~
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEII~TS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1649
[Article: "Relations With France"]
[Text] Since its independence on 4 April 1960, Senegal has had good relations with
the successive French Governmente, but the Socialist party in *+awer in Dakar has
special ties with the French Socialist Party~, since these two groupa are m~mbers
of the Socialist International.
Senegal and France are bound by cooperation agreements renewed on 29 March 1974,
which include different economic, technical, diploroatic, consular and military
fields. The military agreements limited the French military presence to 1,300
men but gave France facilities, notably for stationing military planes in DaksAr.
In 1980 French aid to Senegal was CFA 62 billion (versus 27.5 b311ion in 1�%9),
including 21.5 billion in special aid. This special aid had the objective of
combatting the effects of the world crisi,s, which particularly affects Senegal,
a non-oil producing country (petroleum production was CFA 50.6 hilli.on in 1980)
and a drought victim, and to launch a recovery program (1980-1984).
In 1981 Senegal will need new special aid, more especially as its last peanut
harvest was only 200,000 tons versus one million in a normal year. The econamists
estimate that the GNP will drop by 5 percent in real terme in 1981.
Senegal, which called on the Il~' to help it carry out its program and which put into
practice certain of this fund's suggestions, such as the closing of 23 embassies,
was for socio-political reasons not in a position to follow the TMF~s other advice,
such as the complete return to real price~.
While Senegal has especially attracted attention during the last half year by its
political reforms (total multiparty system, amnesty, national planning on education,
etc.) those close to pbdou Diouf claim that these measures are only "the unfreezing"
of situations intended to leave the new president's hands free to devote himself
to straightening out the econamy.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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SENEGAL
GOVERNMENT'S ATTII~TS TO OBTAIN IMF AID NOTED
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1067, 17 Jun 81 ~ 22
[Text] The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has asked Senegal to increase the prices
on certain goods of first necessiLy (rice, gasoline) by 25 percent as a condition of
the financial aid requested by that country, and ha.s been given a flat refusal.
President Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister Habib Thiam and Minister of Finance Ousmane
Seck were unanimous in their response to the IME. "We urgently need your aid. But
in no case will we ask our people, sorely tried by the ~itought, to make new sacri-
fices. Not before a normal farm year."
The IMF, whose requirements, always the same, have led other regimes to commit poli-
tical suicide ~rebellion following an increase in prices), bowPd to this decision.
"r1t least, it is clear," the head of the delegation is said to `~ave commented.
Another mission headed by a Frenchman, V. Goreux, visited Dakar on 9 June, bringing..
different proposals: interim (standby) aid pending the rain.
The aid needed by Senegal to "hold out" was estimated at that time as 40 billion CFA
francs per year (800 million French francs, or nearly 200 million dollars).
This structural deficit will exist so long as the country has not yet diversified
its agriculture in order no longer to depend on peanuts atzd...rainfall.
For the present year, the government has already obtained 15 billion CFA francs.
Thus it still must find 25. As well as 40 billion for the following (budget) year.
TM COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981
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SENEGAL
BRIEFS
FRENCH TROOPS' PRESENCE--The presence of French troops in Senegal has become a posi-
tive force since Francois Mitterrand took power. A visitor was so informed by
Mahjmout Diop, leader of the PAI [Atrican Independence Party], who then explained
that "this is a guarantee against American imperialism." [Text] [Paris JEUNE
AFRIQUE in French No 1068, 24 Jun 81 p 48] [COPYRIGHT. Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981]
5157
NIDP'S REQUESTED RECOGNITION--A political group named the People~s Democratic
Movement (1rIDP), has just asked to be recognized in Senegal. The statutes of
this party, which claims kinship with self-governing socialism, were filed
on 10 June with the governorship of Cape~Verde Region. The founders, in whose
name Mamadou Dia distributed the caamu~nique announcing the filing of the party's
statutes, have already met twice in a constituent general assembly. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1649]
[COPYRI~RT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.] 9380
PEANUT SEED LOAN--On 12 June in Dakar Ousmane Seck, the Senegalese minister
for fina.nce and economy, and Charpentier, the director of the French Central
Fund for Econanic Cooperation, signed an agreement opening up credits of CFA 6
billion. The agreement signed was intended for partial financing of the
sectorial "peanut seed" program that the Senegalese Gover~ent has undertaken
for in-depth reform of the production and management of seed. This reform should
help to increase security of supply, guarantee seed quality, confer on the
peasants an increasing share in the responsibilitias of managing the seed stock
and reduce their indebtedness at the same time. The Central Fund financing
will be canpleted by a Senegalese counterpart as well as by a subsidy from
Che Aid and Cooperation Fund (FAC). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
- MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1650] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux
et Cie Paris 1981.] 9380
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ZAMBIA
FINANCIAL SITUATION SAID TO REMAIN CRiTICAL
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITEItRANEENS 3n French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1664
[Article: "Economic Situation Remains Delicate"]
[Text) The International Monetary Fund (Il~') is knawn to have fr22t~ a1981dit
of 800 million in SOR (special drawing rights) to Zambia (MTM Y ~ P
1432). The Fund indicates that Zambia's purchases on the basis of this expanded
agreement, which is equivalent to 378 percent of the portion on this country's
fund (211.5 million in SOR), will be financ~d in part from the Fund's ordinary
resources (125.8.million in SOR) and.in part fran the resources which '~:~.e Fund
will borrow with~n the framework of its policy of expanding access to its resources
(674.2 million~in SOR). Zambia~s total outstanding financial obligatic3ns toward
the Fund by virtue of prior operations and transaction's is presently equivalent
to 305.2 million in SOR.
An IMF co~?unique emphasizea the situation which the new loan will attempt to
remedy. "Zambia has experienced economic problems for several years. The price
of copper, the principal source of currency, has dropped, while import prices have
increased. These factors were in large part responsible for aggravation of the
position of the balance of payments. In 1978 the public anthorities adopted a
stabilization program supported by use of the Funds' resources. Several factors,
including deterioration of the exchange terms to an unforeseen exCent, unfavorable
ma.rket conditions and incomplete reorganization of the econanic policy '~imited the
progress obtained within the framework of this program. After a brief reeovery
in 1978, economic activity fell off abruptly in 1979-1980, when copper production
dropped sharply and agricultural production was affected by the insufficient rain-
falls and by the relatively poor level of production prices.
- "The Zambian authorities undertook to apply a 3-year economic and financial
program with the assistance of the current expanded agreement. The prime objectives
of this program are to increase domestic production and to diversify its structure,
while preparing for the reestablishment of the domestic financial equilibrium and
a supportable foreign position. In order to succeed in these ob3ectives, they
adopted a 3-year investment program designed to modernize the existing facilities
and promote projects capable of being rapidly ~rofitable. Priority will be given
to imports which must be used by the transport, mining and construction industries
in order to make further use of existing capabilities. The prices'of the products
of the semipublic enterprises will have to be dete~rnnined in an adequate manner;
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the efficiency of the support services for agriculture improved, and the prices for
agricultural production were gradually brought into line with their equivalents
on the world market.
~~The budgetary policy will limit the growth of government spending thanks to better
control of expenditures and a reduction of subsidies to consumers, the level Of
which is high. The public authorities anticipate that the changes thus brought
about in the structure of expenditures will make it possible'to increase the
resources intended to improve the execution of the current equipment projects and
to increase investment expenditures. In terms of money and credit, the measures
aim at furnishing sufficient credits to the productive sectors of the economg
while contributing to the limitation of domestic demand pressures and the reduction
of the aggregate deficit in the balance of payments. The authorities are practicing
- a flexible interest rate policy. Discount rates and Treasury bond rates were raised
at the beginning of 1981 within the framework of this policy, as were the ceilings
for the loan rates which the coum~ercial banks grant to the processing industry and
to agriculture."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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ZAMB~'A
BRIEFS
CDC FINANCED PROJECT--An impc~rtant sugar production project will be launched nPxt
August in Mazabuka. According to the person responsible for it, Mike Te1Ler, it
will require an investment of 17 million Zambian kwachass This project should
i have been launched 3 years ago~but it had been postponed because of the lack of
~ available land. Very recently, the Zambian'minister of Lands and Natural Resources
made it known that 1,000 hecta~es could be a11oc8ted to this project and thus
that the latter, which will'require a total of 3,000 hectares--could be lauuahed
in August. The project in questiun, which is located in the south of the Nakambala
sugar complex, will be carried out by the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC)
in cooperation with the Zambian~�overnment and Zambia Sugar Canpatry. Financing
will be provided by the CDC, the African Development Bank (ADB), the Development
Bank of Zambia and Earclays Bank. The works launched in August will essentially
~ involve ground clearing and construction of housing for the managerial staff.
Finally, next year, some 300 small farmers will be recruiCed and sper.ially t~ained.
- This is the first GDC sugar project in Zsmbia. But this organization has acquired
solid experience in Chis matter with the sugar complexes built in Malawi, Swazila~id
and Nigeria, among others. [Text] [Paris MA~~CHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER~NEENS in
French No 1858 19 Jun 81 p 1664] [COPYRIGHT: Rane Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.] 9380
FRG AGREEMENT--A framework agreement dealing with economic cooper~tion between the
~ FRG and Zambia was signed on 11 June in Bonn by the Zambian secretary of state
for finance, Fred S. Kazunga and his West German counterpart, Bexnd Von Staden.
This agreement replaces and improves the document signed in 1966 between Bonn and
Lusaka. [Text) [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1858
~ 19 Jun 81 p 1664] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.] 9380
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