JPRS ID: 10034 USSR REPORT AGRICULTURE

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• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10034
7 October 1981
USSR Re ort
p
AGRICULTURE
(FOUO 7/81)
'
- FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORf~/IATION SERVICE
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- JPRS L/1~034
7 ~ctober 1981
USSR REPORT
AGRICULTURE
(FOUO 7/81)
CONTENTS
- AGRO-ECONOMICS ,AND ORGANIZATION
Young Fowl Needed for Poultry Raising on Private Plots
(V. Shpektorov; PTITSEVODSTVO, Jun 81) 1
Agricultural EquiFment Norms Developed
(M. V. Shakhmayaev; PLANIROVANIYE I UCHET V SEL'
SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH PREDPRIATIYAKH, Jul 81) 7
- _ a _ [III - USSR - 7 FOUO]
- �r~n /~~~T ll
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AGRO-ECOlVOMJ.CS AND ORGANIZATIUN
~
UDC 332.8:636.5(17t57)
YOUNG FOWL NEEDED FOR POULTRY RAISING ON PRIVATE PLOTS
Moscow PTITSEVODSIVO in Russian No 6, Jun 81 pp 5-8
[Article by V. Shpektorov, chief of Production Department at USSR Ptitseprom:
"Promoting the Development of Private Poultry Raising in Every PossiUle ~'.ay"]
[Text] Public poultry raising in our country is developing on an industrial basia

t~ and this is making it possible to increase rapidly the production of goods and to
raise the efficiency of the branch. At the same time, an important source for
augmenting the resources of poultry raising products is that of raising poultry on
the private pluts of kolkhoz members and manual and office employees~ In 1~580,
according to preliminary data, these plots produced 21.7 billion eggs and 1 million
tons of poultry meat, or 32 and 37.8 percent respectively of the overall production
a volumes for these products at all categories of farms. The products obtained from
' private plots serve as a substantial addition to the dining tables of their owners
- and represent a considerable portion of such products sold a~ the kolkhoz markets
' or procuxed by the state.
~ Recently, in connection with the great importance being attached to the fur..ther
development of private poultry raising, the specialized enterprises and IPS's
[incubator poultry-raising station] have been assigned annual tasks for selling
young poultry stock to the population. Commencing in 1980, thiQ. indicator has been
included in the national economic plan.
As a result of ineasures undertaken, the sale of young poultry stock to the
population has increased (see Table).
Durinf3 the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the average annual sales volume for young poultry
stock sold to the population amounted to 492 million head~ including 77 million head
of waterfowl and turkeys, or 39~and 52 percent more respectively than during the
Ninth Five-~ear Plan. In all, 2.46 billion head of young poultry stock of all types
were sold to the p~opulation duri.ng the 1976-1980 period, or 684 mi'.lion more head
than during the 1S'71-].975 period.
' This task is being solved most successfully i~ the Ukrainian SSR. During the Tenth
Five-Year Plan, the sale of young stock to the population increased by 40 percent,
with 8.8 head being sold per rural resident during 1980. This was achieved mainly
as a result of purposeful work carried out by the republic's interkolkhoz IPS's.
Last year, they supplied 90 percent of the young stock made available to the private
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Yaung Poultry Stock Sold To the 1980 in % of 1975
Population (millions of head)
_ Including Including
Waterfowl and Total Waterfowl
- Total Turkeys and
(thousands of Turkeys
_ head)
1975 1980 1975 1980
_ Total for country 373.9 570.5 62.4 106.2 i53 170
Including farms of USSR 245.9 384.5 38.0 63.9 156 168
Ptitseprom
With IPS's numbering 170.6 174.7 21.8 29.8 102 137
- Kolkhoz and interkolkhoz 122.1 175.8 22.0 39.4 144 179
IPS's
Note. On tha average for the o~untry as a whole, 217,900 head of young
stock were sold by one farm to the population, by a farm of USSR
Ptitseprom 197,600 head, by a s~ate IPS 325,300 head and by a
kolkhoz (interkolkhoz) IPS 262,100 head.
~ plots. Thus tha specialized farms of the republic's Ptitseprom are not devoting
proper attention to this problem. After incubating considerably more eggs than the
interkolkhoz IPS's, they sold almost ten times less young stock to the population.
_ During 1980, for the country as a whole, the IPS's accounted for 61.4 percent of the
young stock sold to satisfy the requirements of the private plots. In all, they
sold 350.5 million head to rhis group of farms. In the KiSSR the portion contributed
by the IPS's was 80 percent and in the AzSSR and MSSR 70 percent.
In connection with the sale of young stock to the population, good iT:dicators were
achieve~ in the ArSSR 7.6 head,and in the MSSR 6.8 head on the average for
each rural resident. This indicgtor also increased noticeably in the Russian
Federation by 1.6 times and it reached an average of 6.7 head. However, it
fluctuates sharply for individual krays and oblasts. ,
As yet, very few young stock ars being sold to the populations in the LaSSR and
~SSR 2.7 head in each, or in the BSSR 2.1 head. The situation is especially
bad in the TuSSR, TaSSR and UzSSR, where during 1980 only 1.1, 0.9 and 0.7 head of
young stock respec~ively were sold pert~ndividual rural resident. Deserving of
mention is the fact that in the MSSR, where 6.8 head were sold to the population and
in the GSSR 5.1 head, this indicator remains practically at the same level as that
for. 197_`~. And indeed it is in these republics, just as in other south~rn regions of
the couritry, that the most favorable nat-~ra1-climatic conditions are found for the
development of poultry raising on private plots.
Recently, an increase has taken place in the sale of young waterfowl and turkeys to
the population. However, for the country as a whole, the proportion of such sales
compared bo the overall volume of poultry sales during 1980 amounted to only 18.6
percent. Very few ducklings, goslings and young turkeys are being sold to the
population in the AzSSR, ArSSR and UzSSR and in the MSSR two times less poultry of
these types were sold last year compared to the previous year.
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~
We are still encountering incidents of the purchasers having to stand on line at the
gates of the poultry factories or IPS's in order to procure young stock. In some
areas it has even become a problem to purchase day-old chicks of egg-laying strains.
In the case of ineat strains of chicks, ducklings, goslings and young turkeys, almost
nowhere are the requirements of the population for them being satisfied.
I would like to emphasize that the periods for selling these types of poultry to the
population can be expanded corrsiderably. The high level of rapid growth in young
meat stock, especially broiler type chicks and ducnlings, which achieve slaughtering
weight and good markEtable qualities in just 2 months, makes it possible to accept
them for raising on private plots prior to the commencement of autumn and even in
_ October in the southern regions of the country. Moreover, during the second half of
the year, considerably more favorable conditions exist for supplying the young stock
with feed, mainly various types of succulent and green feed o~tained on the private
- plots.
In this regard, it makes no sense to dissolve prematurely the parental flocka of
meat poultry, as so o�ten happens on reproduction farms and breeding farms. All
measures must be undertaken aimed at organizing the removal and sale to the
population of young beef stock throughout all of the summer months.
During the next 2-3 years, the number of parental flocks on farms in the public
sector must be increased by a minimum of 1.5-2 times and strict control must be
- established over the use of pedigree products.
The technolog~cal schedules for completing the parental flocks must be composed in
a manner such that not only are the internal requirements for hybrid poultry
satisfied, but it also becomes possible to sell a maximum number of yount stock to
the population during the spring and sum~ner months. If conditions permit, thought
should be given to organizing parental flocks, especially for meat types of
poultry, at the large IPS's.
- Serious attention should be given to increasing the number of geese; use can be made
of succulent and green feed and natural grazing land for raising the young stock of
this poultry.
The experience accumulated in the procurement of incubative eggs of waterfowl and
young turkeys in the private sector, as practiced by interkolkhoz IPS's in
Poltavskaya Oblast, where in 1980 approximately 2 million eggs were procured using
this method, is deserving of maximum dissemination. It is understood that the
populated points and farms where the incubative eggs are procured must be satisfactory
from the standpoint of poultry diseases and that the snimals sliould be subjectied to
veterinary control: The eggs received from private plots must necessarily be
disinfected. They should ideally be incubated in an incubator specially provided
for this purpose.
A considerable reserve for increasing the breeding of young stock for private plots
could be the use ~or this purpose of the various types and straina of poultry being
maintained on the collection farms of scientific-research institutes (Y~revan,
Moscow ana Poltava glinistiy hens, Rhode Island reds, New Hampshires, Sussexes and
Adler silver types, strains and strain groups of ducks, geese and turkeys). The same
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holds true for reserve and pedigree lines of Plymouth Rocks and Cornish hens. In
addition to the additional source of incubative eggs, the sale of young stock of
rare strains, strain groups and lines will make it possible to increase their
number, a factor which is ef considerable importance.
Radical measures must be undertaken to improve the use of the parental flocks of
meat poultry. The experience of many farms has shown that a parental flock that is
satisfactory from a veterin~ry standpoint can be used for the incubation of all
biologically full-value eggs, regardless of their weight.
During the past few years. the incubator pool for poultry raising farms and IPS's
has been expanded considerably and modernized. On 1 January of this year, it had a
capability for handling 625.1 million eggs at all of the public farms, that is,
during the Tenth Five-Year Plan this capability had increased by 178.9 million eggs.
On the overwhelming ~jotity of farms and IPS's, this pool consists of modern
Universal-50, Universal-55 and IRP-90 incubators.
It would see~e that all of the conditions are available for a sharp increase in the
sale of young stock to the population. However, by no means is full use being made
of this potential. It is known that the greatest demand for young poultry stock for
the private plots lasts for 3-4 months during the spring and summer: from M~rch
until June. It is precisely during this period that maximum use should be made of
the incubator pool. During the 4 months mentioned, this pool can be used for more
than four times. I.ast year however, it was used only 2.1 times during these months
in the TuSSR and GSSR. Thus the pool available here, even during the period
considered tense from the standpoint of incubation, was actually empty for one half
of the time. In the BSSR, this indicator was 2.2 for the same period, in the KaSSR
2.4, in the MSSR 2.6 and in the AzSSR 2.8. Hence it follows that an
improvement in the use of the capabilities of the incubat_ors represents a great
resPrve for increasing the breeding of young stock and improving the technical-
economic indicators for the incubation of eggs.
For the future, in order to achieve high rates of growth in the sale of young stock
- to the population, itawill be necessary to first of all increase such sales during
the spring and summer months. Hence, even on those farms where the incubator pool
is operated at maximum capability during this period and during the remaining period
of the year it does not have a full workload, its ~apabilities should nonetheless
be expanded. The principal concern is achieving a maximum increase in the breeding
of young stock for sale to the populaCion. The aeasonal nature of such sales is a
constantly active factor and one which must be confronted.
Special attention must be given to raising the hatching percentage tor the young
stock. In recent years, this indicator has worsened on a majority of the farms and
IPS's and the trend towards a further reduction continues at the present time. In
1979, for ail farms of USSR Ptitseprom, the average haCehing percentage for chicks
of egg-laying strair.s was 71.1 percent and meat atrains 68.9 percent; the
hatching percentage was even lower for young waterfowl stock and young turksys.
This situation was caused mainly b~r the fact that the incubator workers attached
- more importance to increasing the number of incubated eggs than they did to the
hatching of young stock. In some areas, a reduction in the hatching percenta$e
tends t~ underscore serious shortcomings in the zootechnical work. Greater use must
4
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be inade of the experience of leading farms and the IPS's, which are achieving high
indicators on a regular basis. Thus, at the Poltava IPS in the oblast of the same
name, the hatching of egg-laying strains of chicks in 1980 amounted to 84.9
percent, ducklings at the Tarashcha IPS in Riyevskaya Oblast 79 percent and
~ goslings at the l~izhnegorsk ~,PS in Krymskaya Oblast 88.4 percent.
The organization of young stock sales for satisfying the requirements of the private
- plots is in need of considerably improvement. The leaders and specialists at the
- poultry raising farms and IPS's, in close collaboration with the settlement and
rural soviets of peoples' deputies, must study thoroughly the populations
requirements for the varicus types of young poultry stock, they must gather up the
requests in a timely manner and undertake m~asures to ensure Chat they are satisfied
completely. The population must be informed in advance concerning the schedules and
places where the young stock are to be sold and permanent sales points must be
designated. The trade in young stock must bA carried out more extensively directly
- in the populated points and on the production tracts of kolkhozes and s4vkhozes.
- The practice of concluding contracts between the IPS's and incubator houses of
poultry raising enterprises with kolkhozes and other farms, for the delivery of
young st~ck to kolkhoz members and manual and office workers residing on tr.e
- territories of these farms, must be given maximum support and dissemination. The
pet stores in cities and worker settlements should be supplied with grea~er
_ quantities of young poultry stock. The systematic publication in the local press
of sooveterinary advice by specialists in the raising of young stock and the
maintenance of adult poultry should be organized and use should also be made of the
radio network for this purpose. During lectures and consultations, attention ~hould
be direct~d towards the need for utilizing easily accessible and cheap local feeds
green, succulent, vitamin, mineral and food remnants.
The January 1981 decree of the CC CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers entitled
"Additional Measures for Increasing the Production of Aoricultural Products on the
_ Private Plots of Citizens" is opening up new and broad opportunities for developing
private poultry raising. In conformity with this decree, sovkhozes and other
agricultural enterprises are authorized and a recommendation has been mttne to allow
kolkhozes to conclude contracts on a strictly voluntary basis with kolkhoz members
and manual and office workers residing on their territories and conscientiously
participating in public production, and also with pensioners, for the raising and
procurement of livestock and poultry.
The kolkhozes, sovkhozes and other agricultural enterprises are being tasked with
- furnishing assistance to kolkhoz members and manual and office workers in the form
. of young livestock and poultry, feed, grazing and haying lands and other services.
The system for selling the groducts produced must also be pointed out in the
contrac t.
The decree calls for other measures aimed at increasing the production o�
agricultural products to the maximum possible degree, including poultry raising
products and on the private plots of kolkhoz members and manual and office workers.
_ The task at hand consists of carryicig out the required organizational and
- explanatory work and acquainting r_he population on an extensive scale with the
measures called for in the mentiuned decree.
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On poultry raising farms in a number of republics and oblasts throughout the
country, some expertence has alregdy been accumulated in organizing the raising of
poultry for meat purposes based upon contracts concluded with the population. In
1980, the population in Odesskaya Qblast raised and turned over to the state
130,000 head of young poultry stock, the overall weight of which was 250 tons. This
year the plans call for 500 tons to be obtained. The raising of poultry by the
population in the GSSR and in a number of oblasts and krays in the RSFSR is being
organized.
A plan for selling 586 million head of young poultry stock to the popul.ation has
been established for 19$1. In the majority of inst~nces, this work is better
organized than it has been in previous years. During the first quarter of this
year, 32 percent more young stock were sold than during the same period ~n 1980.
The interkolkhoz IPS's in the Ukraine and also the state IPS's in the Russ~an
Federation have achineved noticeable increases.
It should be borne in mind that the 1981 plan for selling young poultry stock to the
population is minimal in nature. The poultry raising farms, IPS's and other
= agricultural enterprises must ensure, as pointed out in the decree of the CC CPSU
and the USSR Council of Ministers entitled "Additional Measures for Increasing; the
~ Production of AgricuTtural Products on the Frivate Plots of Citizens," the sal~ of
young poultry stock to ths population in quantities which will satisfy the private
plot requirements for them and taking into account the raising of poultry in
- accordance with contracts witl: kolkhozes, sovkhozes and other agricultural
enterprises and with the organizations of consumer cooperation.
All possib.Le measures must be undertaken to achieve the rapid development of
- private poultry raising and to utilize this important reserve for increasing the
- production of the branch's products.
~ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Kolos", "Ptitsevodstvo", 1981
7026
CSO: 1824/430
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AGRO-ECONOMICS AND ORGANIZATION
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT NORMS DEVELOPED
Moscow PLANIROVANIYE I UCHET V SEL'SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH PREDPRIATIYAKH in Russian
No 7iJuly 81 pp 8-11
[Article by M.V. Shakhmayaev, chief of the laboratory for the development of norms
for planning the development of the mechanization of cropping of the All-Union
Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, candidate in economic
sciences: "Plan� .ag the Needs for Agricultural Equipment by Norms"]
[Text] The 26th CPSU Congress defined as a chief task a further improvement of
public well-being on the basis of an accele~ation of scientific and technological
progress and a rise in labor productivity and an increase in its efficiency. Its
- successful accomplishment depends to the large extent upon the development rates
of agricultural production.
Great importance is being attributed in this connection to a strengthening of the
material and technical base of agriculture. A scientific substantiation of norms
for farm equipment needs is an important lever which regulates the planned process
of the creation on the kolkhozes, sovkhozes, and other state agricultural enter-
prises of a machinery pool which makes it possible to perform work in all of the
country's soil and climate zones in optimal agrotechnical periods and with the
_ least expenditures of labor and material and monetary resources.
' The sequence of the development of such norms includes the following stages:
--a discovery of the long-term production directions of agricultural enterprises
and the classif ication by type of all of the farms of every area by specialization
groups. The long-term specialization of the farms was calculated in accordance
with the "Plans for the Organizational-Managerial Structure of Kolkhozes and
Sovkhozes for 1980-1990";
--the singling out of typical farms (object-representativ~)which reflect the most
important characteristics of their specializations;
--a calculation r~f optimal equipment needs for typical farms. In the formation of
the machinery and tractor pool account is taken of efficient forms of the use of
machines and of promising technologies. A comparative evaluation of the differ-
ent methods of inechanizing operations ~n keeping with the criterion of adduced ex-
penditures makes it possible to arrive at the selection of equipment from a nation-
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al economic point of view and to ensure, in this way, uniformity in determining th~e
most effective sets of machines with respect to the concrete conditions of the
- farms;
--the development of the equipment need norms of a typical farn~ for the mechaniza-
~ tion of cropping. The relative indicators which express the number of machines pe~
1000 hectares of arable land or sowings (plan'.:ings) of agricultural crops (perennial
~ plantings) are taken as these norms;
--a weighted average calculation of the norms by levels of planning (typical farm,
oblast, economic region, republic, and the country as a who1P).
In order to give consideration to the conditions for the production of agriculte~ral
outPut in all of the mechanization zones the calculations of the equipment need
norms were performed on the basis of typical far~s which reflect the specia.i cha.r-
acteristics of growing and harvesting crops in the economic regions and union xe-
publics. The basis for the development of the norms consisted of 172 ob~ect-repre-
sentative farms. The norms are determined on the basis of the optimal size of a
machine and tractor pool calculated with the help of the mathematical economic
method on computers:
J J.vN~jT/jpY~jh JX;N; -~.minimum
~ ~ ~
with the limitations:
b~~TtlkY~ik = ~lk~
rY rln = X;:
)Ci > 0: Yrik % 0~
where k--is the numbers of the calculated calendar periods;
j--is the numbers of the types of operations performed on the farms;
t--is the numbers of the types of units which can be used to perform the
- operations on the farms;
i--is the numbers of the brands of machines;
Htj--are the adduced expenditures per one hour of use of-~ unit at zT-operation
(excluding allotments for the full restoration of the machines, expend-
itures for storage, and the capital investment effectiveness norm), rubles;
Ttjk--is the work load in hours of-irunit at 3-operation in~-.;
ytjk--is the needed number of units of ~ type employed in ~C- at ~ operations;
xi--is the needed machinery pool of 3 brand;
{~i--are the annual allotments for renovation, the expenditures for storage of
- the machines, and the capital investment effectiveness norm;
bjl--is the output norm of-i- unit in an hour of shift time;
Ajk--is the amount of work to be performed in-K-.;
ril--is the number of machines of 3-brand which make up ~r unit.
The norms of the needs of kolkhozes and sovkhozes for tractors, trailers, combines,
- and other agricultural machinery for cropping and intrafarm operations have been
worked ~ut with regard .to the experience obtained during the past five-year plan.
(Table 1)
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/9Kyn1.TN11:1TOnW-(~BCTCHMCIIMTATtJItl 1~,41 10,7
.~D KoM6aA~tei KvKypy:~oy6opovNmc 16, OS 13.33 4'.
~i KocNnKi~ 9,? I 1 I, 12 I_ U. 7
n6nN G._^~ 7.50 1'D.3
~~11'p 3.05 3.~~ '~tl.1
J311onacynu~ y,G7 4,50 11;8.5
~ ftpccc-uoAGoput~~KH
~Sh~~MOyGopov~idc KowGapnd 17,28 16,5~ '~�`~,7
J4 (:c+~nKN Anw xnon4ere~+Ka I 8.6 23.79 127 .9
J7 hYn~TN~~arnpW Y0,1 23.80 IIN.1
~t Xnorieoybopovi+mc~raimiHd '10,5 ~G,OS 1''4.~+
.~C.CAl~KII CPCNAONN4HWC ~G.9+ 20.~~ ~~~.4 '
3p Kyr~t~m~ropm cecKnoenvnwe 17,53 23.36 ~~:?,3
3~ howGeAue~ N KoNnneKCw coe~tnoy6opo~Nde 27.25 1~,9G ~~,y
~ hapro~cacce�canKx '19,~1 29.06 98.H
,j,} F~YA bTND~TOPl1'OKY4iI/1KN 29. ~ I 28.? 1 95. 9
,~yl~apTU4~eneKOnaTenu 25,8~ -3.~7 9y.7
SSKoMGaAuW KapTO~ycncy6opo4i~d~ ~ 22.69 28,21 12~.3
,~~C,lAAKI/ onouut~+c . 32.74 39.03 I19.2
3~hsiiiycroyfio~ovudc wawnuu ~3,30 29.06 G:.I
' 38'PacUAonce~AO~aue raw~~xW ~7.~ 53,78 113,5
T~ jl H M~C 4 8 11 N C: 7paKTOPd. TPDNTOQHYt f1pN4ltIN, nayrx o6WCro 1127N84CIIIIf1, N81111111Lt
'3ynn~ ~~0~11~G1,1 C`J(lU:111C~1 nove, JlyItINJIYHIIKM~ KyrbrNnaTOpd AnR CI1lIOWH011 06P/60TKN I10~1~b1,
K:~T811. ~~0~10N61, ~18~G~IACNA8TPJ111 yA~Pexnfl. -onpdcKenaTenu - x nporpaeanoaTenN OTIICCCI~W
t/A IU1011~:IJ~h f10U111N; CCAAKN JCrH~~dC M 9C~11IOKOMGHIIHpOE0111IdC� NOM6siIHd sep~wyGopovuWC�-ua
I~DR11~:1J1b noccna 7Cn110~NS KVJIbTy(1; ClflAKll KYNyrY911HC, Ky71bT11BlTOPW-pBCTCI111~OMTOTI'/IN. KO~I~
6vnuW Ky~ypyaoy6opoyxae-~u nnowapb noceea N y6opKU KyKypy~a; xocNnKn, rpaGmi, nono�
Kymu,upcc~�nop,GopupiKU~t~a nnou~apboA~~onetexs, NHOPODCTfIH%Tp8B11lCCIIOMlCTCCTUC1111L'7C
~ ' tC110NnCU1f, y611r8CMdX Nlx711NJNP0l8HHdM tf10C060M; KO~IMOYaO(~0411dC 11 CHAOCOyb(1N0411WC
auwGaAm~-ua uroulaAb a~nocNdX 1CYAbTy(1; CCAANN AnA E/10f148TII11N0. KyneruuaTOpi+ a~~0IIK0~-
61~! M%/IOIIKOyROP041161C MAWIIIIN-~~8 IIJIOI1ldAb XAOO4~TIIIIKOB; l'CHAI~iI CBPKJIOBN411WC, KY111.T{ItlU-
TO(IN�U(fOr1'AC111f:ITOJ111. 1(ONOBIIIIN eucKnoyGopo4nde-na nnoulaA~ I~OfCSB Cete(lllUl~ CPCItJ11J
~/'IOG(1N411011~; 1.7~1901~4'l~Cl'NMC3ON11. KWIbT11E2TOPN'OKyYI11M:11. K~~~TO~~MACK0111TCn11. h0>IG:iI1111J
a~p~o4mncyGopo~mNC- ua unoul~pb uocaAKN KapTO~nn.
Key:
1. Norms of the needs of USSR a. in standard computation
kolkhozes and sovkhozes for b. in physical computation
tractors and agricultural mach- 6. ~ractor trailers
inery for the lOth and llth 7. ~eneral purpose plows
five-year plans 8. Anti-soil-erosion machines
2. Name of the groups of tractors 9. d~isc harrows
and agriculural machines 10. Cul.tivators for continuous soil cul-
3. Need norms per 1000 hectares, tivation
units 11. ~llers
4. 1981-1985 in percentage of 1976- ~
1980 12. disc cultivators
5. Tractors 13. fertilizer scatterers
9
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060011-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R000440060011-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- a. mineral 28. cotton harvesting machines
b. liquid organic 29. sugar beet sowers
14. sprayers 30. sugar beet cultivators
15. seed disinfectors 31. sugar be~t harvesting combines and
- 16. grain and combined grain sowers complexes
17. grain harvesting combines 32. potato planters
- 18. corn sowers 33. cultivator-hillers
19. cultivator-plant feeders 34. potato diggers
20. corn harvesting combines 35. potato harvesting combines
21. mowers 36. vegetable sowers
22. rakes 37. cabbage harvesting machines
23. buck rakes 38. seedling planters
24. balers 39.-Note:~tractors, tractor trailers~ gen-
- 25. fodder harvesting combines eral purpose plows, anti-soil erosion
= 26. cotton sowers machines, harrows, continuous soil
27. cultivators cultivators, rollers, cultivators,
fertilizer; scatterers, sprayers, and
- disinfectors are referred to an area
of arable land; grain and combined
grain sowers and grain harvesting
combines--to an area of grain crops;
corn sowers, cultivator-feeders, and
corn harvesting combines--to an area
of sown and harvested corn; mowers,
rakes, buck rakes, and balers--to an
area of annual and perennial hay grass-
es and of natural hay harvested by
machinery; fodder and silage harvest-
ing combines--to an area of silage
crops; cotton sowers and cotton cul-
tivators and harvesters--to an area of
cotton plants; sugar beet sowers, cul-
tivator-thinners, and sugar beet har-
vesting combines--to an area of sugar
beets(factory); potato planters, cul-
tivator-hillers, potato diggers, and
potato harvesting combines--to an area
of potato plantings.
The relative data presented in Table 1 testifies to the stable character of a
number of equipment need norms (tra~tors, general purpose plows, continuous soil
cultivators, disc cultivators, grain harvesting combines, buck rakes, fodder har-
vesting combines, potato planters, and cultivator-hillers). During the years 1976-
1980 and for the llth Five-Year Plan a system of norms developed which permitted
their use by planning and directive agencies for the formation of machinery and
tractor pools for kolkhozes and sovkhozes which were in accord with the concrete
conditions of the farms during the planning period. At the same time, one's attent-
ion is struck by the important changes in the needs for anti-soil-erosion machines,
sprayers, and cotton harvesting machines which increased by 2.4, 2.3, and 2.2 times,
respectively. This is explained by the necessity for shifting to industrial tech-
10
FOR OFFICIAG USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060011-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060011-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ nologies.
'!t?e creation and introduction of a complex of highly productive machines leads
to a decrease in the need norms. Thus, with the mass employment of the RKS-6 and
BM-6a sugar beet harvesting complex, and of the RKS-4 and BM-4 for irrigated sugar
- i beet zones, the need norms decreased by 45 percent, which is indicated by the data
in Table 1. And the use of su2h modern combines as the KSK-100 fodder harvesting
combine and the two-row combines for continuous cabbage harvesting, as well as the
KSKU-6 corn harvesting combine, leads ta a decrease in the norms of 4.3, 33, and
17 percent,respectively.
The kolkhoz and sovkhoz equipment need norms make it possible to provide the
country's republics and economic regions with a set of agricultural machines and
tractors of various traction classes, although, it is true, the latter show import-
ant regional differences (Table 2). Thus, with an average union level of 14.65
units, the smallest number of these machines and tractors in physical terms per
1000 hectares of arable land occurs in the West Siberian economic region--7.97
_ units, the East Siberian economic region--8.13 units, and the economic regions of
the Kazakh SSR--8.19 units, while the largest number occurs in the Turkmen SSR--
44.6 units and the T ajik SSR--43.3 units where the proportion of arable land in
the structure of agricultural land is negligible; in the Uzbek SSR with its devel-
oped cotton farming the number is 44.74 units, and in the Georgian SSR where per-
ennial glants occupy a leading place in agriculture the number is 39.60 units.
Tai,.n~ya 7
~ HopNaiw~w uorpeGnncTH Kn.7~~~~oe n~uoxo~os a TpaaTOpax, TpaK'ropuux npnqrnaa H nuvenu6paGaTw~aaolNx Mawn~ux
p.7~~ ~~aCTfMN~~O~C7~~ (s WT, 11~ 1060 f~ 118WHN)
~ 7 ~]oveoo6pa6arwna~oulNC waw~iud
3 ~r~~~H1n~N 11 C~NO%OANYC ~
8 9 ~o a.
~ Coro~ndc ccn�Gne~u T~~~~TOD- nnprH aynbninato-
~ ~ 11WC ~y~lllllb-
u lKO~~OMH4CCNNC ~1~~~O~~N .~C o6utero pd Ana GopoHi+
' 11 3TI19~~II110>I ~ d1117N4CC1(OM II~NLLCIIpt 113711~4C". IIIIKII f~110111H011 K8T1:11 AMCKORNC
IIC'lllC.'~C111111 ncv~cncmni ii~iq A~tcKOnwc ~GpaGorKu
GCCP ~3 15.41 11,65 15,21 G.i9 1,~4 4,5 3,~6 1,?K
I'CNCP '`f 11,5!~ 1~.1'~ 11,11 G.24 I,50 ~,'l7 5.~8 1.36
= Ccncpn�3an~AUmfi ~s '!1,:t0 :G,IR 9,51 S.G7 I,~ 6,fii' :i,~
Ilc~ir~anbiidfl /4 _'1..'~ ?5,51 1~,59 G,G3 1,4 G,01 :i,F
Ilnnro�Ilnrt~uii /7 IS.G? 17,IG I5,01 5,93 I,~ G,30 :1,0 I,li
11ruTpant.no�4cpuoicwndw ~g ~ 1.3~ 13.58 IG,i? S,!~0 l,G 5,50 7,:t 1.7
IlnnonHCCKnl1 ~y 11,IN )0.98 'lO,OFS L.'JO 1,7 _.5 :5.1 1.;t
ccnc~o-K~nKa~cKUn do IG.hf 13,1"_ 11.34 ~i,R~ 1,:4 ~,f ll,ii
ypan~rnuii .~r 15,1" 12.50 13.~9 H,00 I,:i 3.5 '4,6 1.!~
3~nnnuo�GuGnpcKnH a 2 10.15 7,97 11,18 5,31 1,~ ~,3 2,:~ ~,U
I30C704H0�CNGIINCNNY ,~J ~O,-H B,i3 9,9 5,U_ I,~ 3.8 a,~ ~,n
1~,71 ~3,3~ R.S~ A,9~ I,? ~.lil 4..
Jlan~.~ionocro4uwfi .J y~ , ~ ~ ,y
>�~p.imcKaw cCP .~S Ifi,Of 1G,15 1 ~,CS 6.7~ 1,9 ~1,4 3.^
Hc:iopyccKan CCP ~ y "I.FU 97,6 I5.1 10.:~~ I,U 7,1 4,!1 2,~
?'~f~cr.c~:an CCI~ J ~B.R:~ 4~.7~ SI.A I5,_0 0,_ U.R I,li :t,~
K:~~axcKan CCf' J~ ll,o~ N.19 9.i S~R:1 I,U 3.1 ^,3
I~~~S'JNIICFON CCP 89 'r9 39,fi0 IA,II 9,0:4 I,B ',(i 5,!~ 1,5
- A:~cpGa4n*~~~c~aa CCP 30 ?~i.ltu ?G.75 IG.06 I1,9G I,G S,K I,i+
:luionc~:aH CCI' 'I:l 10 Y5.01 13.9 II,RB I,G 7,4 '1,5 l, 1
Alonn:~NCnaH Cl:l' 31 _5.02 :i0,1'! ^0.05 II,U Y.3 fi,7 3.6
JI:~TI~IIIICN~IH (:(:I~ 33 :'1 ?~.G�-' 15,0 R.77 I.K 10.~ _'.n ll,:~
I