JPRS ID: 9811 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 1 ~~73
26 October 1981
Near E~st (elorth Africa Re Art
p
C~C~Ufl 38l81~
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JPRS L/10073
_ 26 October 1581
,
NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT
(FOUO 38/81)
CONTENTS
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS '
1 Tunisian-Saudi Economic Cooperation Outlined
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 28 Aug 81) 1
_ AFGHANISTAN
Kabul Troops Held by Guerrillas in Pakiatan
~Alexander Thouason; Tf~ GUARDIAN, 13 Oct 81) 3
IEtAN .
Political Proapects After Bani-Sadr Prognosticated
(Hushang Nshavandi; PRO~JECT, Sep-Oct 81) 5
Baluch Chief Supports Return of Monarchy
(Reza Interview; PARIS MATCH, 2S Sep 81) 9
LIBYA
Uranium Purchases From Niger Up Sharply
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEBITERRANEENS, 11 Sep 81) 12
SAUDI ARABIA
Political Implications of Peace Plan Discussed
_ (AL-WATAN AL-'ARABI, 21-27 Aug 81) 13
SUDAN
Agricultural Production Statiatics Given for 1980-19$1
(1~ARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 11 Sep 81) 22
_ a_ (=IZ - NE & A- 121 FOUO]
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INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS
~
TUNISIAN-SAUDI ECONOMIC COOFERATION OUTLINED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No I868, 28 Aug 81 p 22i0
[Text1 Prime Minister Mohamed Mzali met with Saudi.Minister of Finance and National
Economy i~uhammad 'Ali Aba al-Khayl on 14 August in Tunis. The Tunisia.n ambassador to
Jeddah, Mr Kacem Bousnina, and the charge d'affaires at the Saudi embassy in Tunis,
Mr Muhammad Aesaad, were also present. At the concluaion of the meering, the Saudi
minister said he had transmitted to the prime minister the greetinge of Ring Khalid
ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz A1 Sa'ud and the members of the Saudi government to President
Bourguiba and the member~ of the Tuniaian govern~ent. The dis~ussion, he added,
dealt witr. the relations between the two countries and questi.dns of common interest,
as well as the developments seen i~ bilateral economic cooperation in connection with
the projects carried out and those to be carried aut shortly in Tunisia.
_ To judge from these most recent iadication~, Tunisian-Saudi cooperation is developing
favorably. The discussion between Mr ~.Zali~and Mr Muhammad 'Ali Aba al-Khayl came in
fact shortly after the official vieit paid by Sheikh Turki Khaled Sudeiry, presider~t
of the Saudi general office of public:r~rorka,to Tunisia between 9 and 13 August, when ~
he had an audience with President Bourguiba a~nd met with Mr MZali and a number of
other cabinet members, among them Miniater of Foreign Affairs Beji Caid ea-Sebsi,
Mr Mezri Chekir, minister attached to the prime mi.niater for civil service and
aciministrative reform, Minister of Public Health Rachid 5far, and Minister of Social
A~fairs Moha.;ned Ennaceur.
The talks dealt in particular with the recruiting of Tunisian cadres to work in Saudi
Arabia, with both parties confirming the need to give new impetus to technical co-
- operation. Sheikh T~rki Khaled Sudeiry said in this connection that the recruiting
office for goverr~ment employeea which he established during his visit demonstrated
the desire of Saudi Arabia to recruit cadres from among skilled Tunieian workers on
various levels and in all fields. He recalled, moreover, that some 65,000 cooperative
workers, for the most part Arabs and Moslems, are currently working in various sectors
in Saudi Arabia, particularly in education and health.
The two parties agreed during the course of the work session to establish Saudi needs
for a period of about 5 years, insofar as possible, in certain sectors, and in par-
ticular in the realm of inedicaZ services. This should allow Tunisia to train the
necessary cadrea in time, as a function of the Saudi government structures.
In addition, Tunisia will shortly make available to the Saudi government a wide range
of skills, including cadres to work in the medical sector, teachers, engineers and
technicians with various specialties auch as civil engineering, topog~aphy, mechanica,
data processing, etc.
1
L+/1D /1L`T'T.nT ~T TTCL' /1ATT V
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The two parties also agreed to establish "the conditioae for recruiting and to
guarantee its organization within the framework of coordination between the Tunisian
_ Technical Cooperation Agency and the Saudi Becruiting Bureau, based on the principles
adopted during the cour~~ of the joint meeting.

~ Let us recall, moreover, thet we reported earlier (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS,
12 June, p 15R5) on the signing in Tunis on 8 June, by Tunisian Minister of Finance
and Plan Mansour Moalla and Mr Mahamed Abdallah Soukeir, vice-president and general
c?irector of the Saudi Development Fund (FSD), of a Ioan agreement involving 16 million
riyal.s (about 25 million French francs) for the financin~ of the Sidi Saad dam pro-
- tection project.
On that occasion, r:* Mohamed Abdallah Soukeir noted that the FSD had already allocated
credit in a total amount of 545 million riyals, or in other wor~3s the equivalent of
$161 million, to Tunisia, as a contribution to the financing of four d~velopment
projects. He stressed that with the signing of the new agreement, the total credi~
grant to Tunisia was increased to 561 million Saudi riyals, or 87 million Tunisian
dinars. Mr Mansour Moalla, for his part, expressed satisfaction with the results of
~ bilateral cooperation, concretely ianplemented in recent months with the establishment
of a Tunisian-Saudi Investment Company for Development and the participation of the
Saudi Development Fund in joint projects.
Mr Mahsoun Ja1e1, presideat of the board of directors of tt-.e Tunisian-Saudi Investment
Company, accompanied by Mr Sadok Bahroun, president and general director of the campany,
met with Minister of Hausing Moncef Bel Hadj Amor, who presided at a work geasion in
which Mr Zakaria Ben Mustapha, mayor of the city of Tunis, participated, on 20 August
in Tunis. At the meeting the program9 for the reconstruction and modernization of
- large sectors of the city of Tunis and the possibilities for cooperation between the
Tunisian authorities and the Tunisian-Saudi Investment Company in this connection
were discussed. Proposals were established and will shartly be s~bjected to study.
Let us recall, moreover, that a number of busineasmen have recently viaited Tunisia,,
where some are financing major proj?cts. For exampl~, T~r Gaith Faraoun is financing
the construetion of the Port Monastir tourist complex, for which the cornerstone was
laid on 4 August by President BourguiUa, and which will cost an estimated 20 million
dinars (1 dinar is the equivalent of about 11 French francs). B:~ilt in the area
kn.own as Gdamsi Island, this complex will include a hotel, apartments and tourist
residences with a totial capaci~y of 2,500 beds. The construation work on the complex
should be completed within 2 yeara.
On the occasion ~f that ceremony, Preaident Bourguiba was shown a mock-up of a film
production camplex which Mr Tarek Ben Am~ar proposes to build in Monastir (on the
Kairouan road). This project raill also be financed by Dr Gaith Faraoun. It wi.11
include a number of studios and all the equipment necessary for film production. The
cost of the project, which should be comp].eted by March 1983, ia estimated at 8 million
dinars.
= Also on 4 August, the chief of state, together with the prime minister and a number of
- other cabinet members, met with Saudi businesaman Sheikh Sala?, Kamel and hie assiatant,
Sheikh Hassine E1 Harisi, in Monastir. All of these visits bear witness to the vitality
of Tunisian-Saudi relations, and sugur the development of cooperation consistent with
the reco~nendations of the Arab League deaign~d to encourage the use of Arab skille
in Arab countries.
~OPYRIGH`r: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
2
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AFGI3ANISTAN
KABUL TROOPS HELD BY GUERRILLAS IN PAKZSTAN
PM1315d1 London THE G'JARDIAN in English 13 Oct 81 p 6
[Dispatch by Alexander Thomson: "Kabul Troops Held by Guerrillas in Pakietan"]
[Text] Peshawar--Captured Afghan soldiers are being held in captivity in Pakistan
by at least one of the guerrilla groups whose headquarters are in Peshawar.
Thexe have been reports that these groups hold Afghan Goverrnnent toops inside
Pakistan, without the appro~al of the gover~ent here but they have not been seen
or interviewed before by Western 3ournaliats because of the embar~assment their
' presence in Pakistan could cause.
I I met and spoke to a group during an unannounced visit to the headquarters of
~ Sayed Gailani's National Islamic F~ont f or the Liberation of Afghanistan. There
were about 40 men queueing up for food bPing ladled out at dusk from a ragged
, tent in the corner of a small compoun~i guarded by guerrillas armed with AK-47
Kalashnikov rifles.
~I It was difficult to assess their exact status and mmibers of the Nati~nal Front
' were anxious that they should not be called prisoners of war. One official said
they sometimes brought defectors to Peshawar under guard to check their bona
-I; fides but most deserters encountered in Afghanistan were simply allowed to go on~
! their way.
' The guerrillas are more impressed by Afghan Goverrnnent toops, who f3ght bravely
until they are captured and "re-educated." The official said what communism they
had in their heads was knocked out and replaced by Islam.
If they were reluctant to be converted "we twist their ears a bit." He said that
the National Front did not believe in eliminating them. The official would not
say how long the Afghan troops were detained or how long their interrogation lasted.
A leading Afghan ~ournalist living in exile in Peshawar said that most were held
for comparatively brief periods. A.fghan officers were kept in detention longer.
He said most guerrilla groups were holding prisoners in Peshawar. Some were
loosely guarded, others were under what he termed "house arrest."
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.
One of the Afghan saldiers in the compound, who gave his name as 'Abdul Malik,
said that he had been captured after recent fighting in the strategic Panjshir
valley. He had originally been captured by another guerrilla group which had
~stolen his watch a~nd illtreated him. They then let him go. He eventnally r.anded
himself in to the Nation4l Front "because it is led by a religious man (Sayed
Gailani) and I thought I would be better treated." '
Another man, Mohammad Yasin, was a former driver with the Afghan P'Ii.nistry of
Education from Laghman Prcvince who had been pressganged into the army in Kabu:l.
He was draf ted into the 52nd regiment from which he managed to escape. He was
captured by Afghan soldiers who held him in a camp where he said he was beaten
up. But, with the collusion of his guard he managed to escape and made his caay
to the National Front.
Also queueing up for food was a man who called himself Huminullah. He too had
been pressganged into the army in the streets of Kabul and had been sent to
Kandahar to fiaht. Whiie serving as a soldier he had supplied local guerri:.~.as
with ammunition but they would only aliow him to c~efect if he brought his Kalashnikav
with him.
- His story, and those of others in the campound, support reporCs from diplamatic
sources that the Afghan Army is facing a s~rious shortage of manpower and is having
to resort to strong-arm methods to get young men into uniform. The irany of this
- is that after giving the conscripts basic training and a gun they sent them to
areas strongly infiltrated by guerrill.as where defection is easy.
Also in the compound was a man collecting food for 30 men held in a camp elsewhere
in the Peshawar area. He came under guard and the impression was that the other
men were allowed less freedom of movement by the guerrillas.
These former Afghan soldiers are a valuable source of inf ormation and manpower
for the guerrilla organisations. Most do not need much surveillanae or guarding.
- They are mostly simple men who do not need much persuading, if any, to adopt the
guerrillas' cause. Many, after they are cleared, are only too pleased to go back
~ and fight as Mo3ahedin.
COPYRIGHT: Guardian Newspa~ers Limited [13 Oct 1981]
CSO: 4600/53
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IRAN
POLITICAL P1tOSPECTS AFTER BANI-SADR PROGNOSTICATED
Paris PROJECT in French Sep-Oct 81 pp 1011-1014
[Article by Hushang Nahavandi, form~er chancellor of the University of Tehran--passages
enclosed in slantlines printed in boldface]
[Text] The political e~imination of Mr. Abolhassan Bani-Sadr and the attack of
28 Jur~e 1981 against the headquarte~saot~ thQ PRI [Islamic Republic Party], which
along with the "Tudeh" party, is the country's dominant political formation, followed
by the increased repression of leftwing opponents, have brought Iran back to the
center stage of world events.
The situation in Ir.an--still involved in a murde~aus and devastating war, in the
grip of an economic crisis, with public and clandestine executions and an absence
of any normalization--has been extremely serious all along. But with the resolution
of the somber hostage affair, world attention drifted away and people lost some
of their interest.
Both the internal and external position of Iran have been deteriorating ever since ~
the departure of the Shah and take-over of the government by Ayatollah Khomeyni.
Indeed, the country is in the grip of bloody anarchy, and no one knows how it will
end. '
I.n the two and one-half years they have been in power, Iran's leaders have been
unable to come up with any social model, economic strategy or political alternative.
References t~ certain Islamic texts and quotations from the Koran are merely for
the sake of form. In reality, violence has become the only means oF governing,
and repression the only remedy. By the admisaion of all its leaders themselves,
the regime's record is ~rim: Half the peopl~ in the ~ob market unemployed, dizzying
increa.es in the price ~f basic commodities and galloping inflation, a budgetary
- deficit of 40 percent, insolvency of the state, para~ysis in the administrative
~udicial apparatus, the shutdown of the universities, insecurity,the exodus of more
than one million Iranians, the destruction of the cultural heritage.... The face of
Iran today is that of a completely disorganl.zed, ruined country, with no political
instutitions worthy of the name, in reality the victim of all manner of cupidities,
and menaced by all sorts of dangers.
Iran's International Isolation
The nations of the world recognized the Islamic Republic in February 1979. Since
that :ime, not even the United States and Egypt--which no lon~er have diplomatic
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relations with I:ran--have withdrawn that /de ~ure/ recognition of the authorities
in Tehran. Paradoxically,, though Iran and Iraq are at war, they have not closed
down their respective embrissies in the enemy's ~:apital, a state of affairs apparently
unique in the history of ~iiplomacy. And Israel--whose very nams it is ~fficially
forbidden to pronounce in Ir.an, but which was given /de facto/ recognition by Iran
under the monarchy--maintains commercial relations, described in fact as flourishing
ra~her nicely in sone accounts, with Rhomeyni's regime. Now of course this hardly
_ prevents the authorities in Tehran eithr from engaging in harsh repression of the
Iranian Jewish co~?unity and periodically executing certain individuals charged
with "Zionist tendeantls~from making substantial co tributionsntoethencoffers of
~ Iran, or most import y
the Palestinian movements.
Despite these often strange facts, "Islamic" Iran seems very isolated internationally.
The complete disregard for the rules in international law, failure to honor signed
contracts, the encouragement of subversion in many countries, and, above all, the
hostage affair have made of the Tehran government an undersirab1ortsatheelslamic
all intents and purposes. Certainly, the Soviet Union ful.l�Y andpsome of the "non-
Republic as it does all the countr.ies in the social~T~tdo~Pnot make up for Tehran's
, aligned" states in the Third ~3orld. But that supp
- isolation, its state of being internationally "quarantined."
The polic:r of national independence and balance followed by~I'r~n under the manarchy
since the mid-1960's, the neighborly and cooperative relations it maintained Wlla ed
the USSR despite its special relations with the West, the substantial part it p y
in Third World developm~nt and above all the effective and beneficient role it played
in the Persian Gulf made its foreign policy a success that even its most instransigent
critics found it difficult to deny. The Islamic Republic's foreign policy has made
it an isolated, discredited and weak state whose voice can scarcely be l~eard in
the concert of nations.
Internal Dissension
The Islamic revolution is still very violent. According to some estimates, the
number. of its victims is already more than 100,000, the sizP of an avera~e city.
The numbers are even more tragic if one adds the victims of the Iran-Iraq war, which
we will discuss below. Like all other revolutions, the one in Iran is devouring
its children. The political elimination of Mr. Bani-Sadr and the 28 June explosion
at PRI headquarters which cost the lives of at least 74 person~--coming after the
violent attacks which cost the lives of various other leaders