JPRS ID: 9815 TRANSLATIONS ON MAJOR USSR RIVER DIVERSION PROJECTS VOLUME II

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060054-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 59
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 54
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/100~7
27 October 19?81
Worldwide Re ort
p
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
(Fb'U~1 50/~ 1~
Fg~$ FQREIGN BROADC~lST INFORMATION ~ER~ICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
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transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosea in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text~
or [ExcerptJ in the first line of each item, or following the
last l.ine of a brief, indicate how the original information was
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mation was summarize~i or extracte4.
Unfamiliar names ren~3ered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
; tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
r.~
~ COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNiNG OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
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~'Olt OE"~'tCI~L, [1~C ONI,Y
JPRS L/10077
, �
27 October 1981
WORLDWIDE REPORT
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
.(~OUO 50/811
CONTENTS
ASIA '
BURMA
Heroin Death, Other Arrests Reported
(MY9NMA ALIN, 2 Sep�81) 1
Briefs
Police Seize Opium 2
~ Lashio-Mandalay Railwqy Trafficker 2
INDIA
Brief s
Mizo Heroin Pushers 3
PAKISTAN
Briefs 4
_ Pak Currency Seized ~
Massive Hashish Haul ~
Karachi Hashish Haul
PHILIPPINE5
Brief s 5
Opium Traffic Increase
VIETNAM
I11ega1 Medicinal Use of Opium Criticized 6
(HANOI MOI, 6 Aug 81)
-a- [III -~1F1-138FOU0]
_s_ .
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~ F'OR OF~'ICIAL CaSC ANi,Y
LATIN AME.RICA
BOLIVIA
National Antidrug Ihrector bcplains Efforts to Coca Farmers
(EI, DIAftIO, 30 Sep 81) 7
MEXICO ~
Trafficker of Cocaine, Heroin Captured
(LA VOZ DE I,A FRONTERA, 10 Sep 81) 1g
Heroin Traffickers Captured in Mexicali
(LA VOZ DE ?~A FRONTERA, Sep 81) 19
Heroin Traffickers Captured in Chihuahua
(E~ FRONTERIZO, 28 Aug 81.) 21
'1'rafficker With Lor,g Criminal Record Cap~ured
(EL SOL DE SINALOA, 19 Sep 81) 21~
Briefs
Shipload of Marihuaz~a Adrift ~7
Antidrug Campaign Praised 27
Opium Gum Seized 27
Second Shipload of Maxihuana 28
Opium Gum Traffickers Caught 28
Heroin Trafficker Atempts Suicide 28
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
IRAN
- Major International S~r?uggling Route Traced
(KEYHAN, 16 Aug 81) .........e 30
Brief s
_ Opium Seized 33
Tabas Opium Seizure 33
Shiraz Heroin Seizure 33
SAUDI AR,ABIA
Head of Anti-Narcotics Bureau I}iscusses Drug Addiction,
F~forcement Measures
(Jamil Muhanunad al Mayman Interview; AL-YAMAMAH, 21 Aug 81) 34
- b -
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F~R OF~ICIAL US~ ONLY
WEST EUROPE
CYPRUS
Drugs Seized Amount to 100 Million Pounds
- (THE CYPR.US WEEKLY, 3-8 Oct 81) ~3
GREECE
Bri ef s
Heroin Arrest ~
SWEDEN
Incarceration of Drug Offenders Increasingly Accepted
(Jan-Ewert Stromback; DAGENS NYHETER, 9 Sep 81) !~5
Brief s
Interpol Warns of ~China-White~ ~9
TURKEY
Paper Carries Conflicting Reports on Kashiah Seizure
(YENI ADANA, 32 Sep 81) 50
'AKA.JANS~ Report
Anatolian News Agency Report
Brief s
Death Sentences Sought 51
FRG-Turkey Naccotics Control Cooperation 51
~ UNITED KINGDOM
Court Told Drugs Gang Used Computer for Sales Accounts
(Ian Henry,:; THE DAILY TELEGRAPH, 1 Oct 81) 52
Briefs
- Bail Ordered Forfeited 54
Heroin Charges 5~
U
-c-
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BURMA
HEitOIN DEATH, OTEIER ARRESTS REPORTID
BK211446 Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 2 Sep 81 p 6
[Sum;mary] Moulmein, 25 August--Under the directioa of the executive commiittee
of the township people's council, th.a Moulmein township people's police force,
with assistance from the local ward people's councils, has been carrying out an
operation to take effective action against narcotic drug dealers and distribu-
tors.
On 20 August, they found Cho Gyi a].ias Than Win unconscioue from a heroin in-
jection at house No 35 in Patala street in Maung Ngan Kwin quarter. Cho Gyi
died on the way to hospital.
House owner Daw Kyi Aye's husband, Thein Kyaw, who administered heroin to Cho
Gyi, went into hiding. The authorities filed charges against hie wife Daw Kyi
Aye under Section 304.A.
"The case also led to the arrest of Thein Kyaw's mistress, Daw Khin Le Win and
her father U Ko Ko Gyi at their residence in Mahamyaing ward where 450 kyats
worth of eight-packets of heroin were found. The two have been charged under
Sections 6.B and 10.B of the Narcotic Drugs Law.
On the sazne day, Maung Myint U, who lived in a guard's houae in Pyidawtha com-
pound, Phetan, was found with 25 kyats worth of 6 packets of heroin, 44 piec.es
s~f paper for wrapping heroin and 15 kyats in proceeds from sale of heroin. He
was arrested and charges have been filed against him under Sections 6.B and 10.B.
Simil~arly, Maung Aye of house No 9 in Daingwunkwin was arrested alon~ with a
bottle of penicillin containing a small amount of heroin, a syringe and a set
_ of hypodermic needl~es. Kala Pein of No 17 Myettan quarters, Ptietan, was arrested
_ with a set of hypodermic needles. Chargea have been filed against them under
Sections 6.B and 10.B.
It has been reported that the Moulmein township narcotic drug suppression te~m
has arrested 27 persons, including 3 women, for using and selling narcotic
drugs in accordance with the Narcotic Drugs Control Law."
On 24 August, Thein Kydw, who went into hi.ding afte~- administering heroin to
Gho Gyi, was arrested at the hous~ of Aung Khin in Zegyo Se-ein, Moulmein.
Thein Kyaw w~s arrested along with a small packet of heroin, a penicillin bottle
containing a sma11 amount of heroin and a syringe with a hypodermic needle.
~ Charges have been filed against him under Sections 6.B, 7.B and 10.B of the
Narcotic Drugs Law.
CSO: 5300/4904 1
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~ BURMA
BRIEFS
- POLICE SEIZE OPIUM--Maymyo, 5 Sep--Acting oa information, MaymyA Township Police
Commander U Sein Lwin, City Police Station Officer U Thein Tun and some council-
lors from No 3 ward raided the residence of a Sino-Shan, Ma Air Pu, at 0600 on
September and seized two balls of raw opium weighing 3.26 kilograms and worth
5,600 kyat. The Maymyo people's police station has filed charges under Sections
6.B, 10.B and 14.A of the Narcotic Drugs Law against Ma Air Pu, 30, the house-
_ owner; and Maung Aik Sein, 24, the opiu~ carrier of No 8 ward in Kyaukme. [Text]
[BK211412 Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 15 Sep 81 p 4J
LASHIO-MA:dD~`.LAY RAILWAY TRAFFICKER--Hsipaw, 14 Aug--On 10 August morning, railway
police corp~ral U Sein Maung and corporal U Thgn Win searched a basket carried by
passenger Daw Nwe of No 5 ward in Lashio, who was traveling in coach No 2, when
the Lashio Mandalay railway No 132 reached Hsipaw station. They �ound 1.5 viss
[1 viss equals 3.6 pounds] of raw opitmm hidden in two hollowed-out pineapples
in `he basket. [Text] [BK2114:.2 Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 22 Aug 81 p 4]
CSO: 5300/4904
e
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INDIA
BRIEFS
MIZO HEROIN PUSHERS--The narcotics branch of the CBI in the bigRest ever seizure
on Wednesday recovered one kg of heroin worth Rs 40 lakh in the internatfonal
market and arrested two persons, reports PTI. Acting on a tip-off, CBI offi-
cial kept a watch on a 5-star hotel and nabbed a Mizo youth and his sister at
the hotel gate. A personal search revealed the contraband. Following interro-
gation their place of resideiice was raided and 'incriminating' documents show-
ing the Mizo links with the international narcotics smugglexs and 22 gms of -
heroin were recovered. [T,ext] [New Delhi PATRIOT in English 10 Sep 81 p 1] .
CSO: 5300/7000
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PAKISTAN
BRIEFS
PAK CURRENCY Sr.IZED--The Airport Custom yesterday afternoon foiled a b~.d of
currency smuggling and seized Pakistani Rs 22 lakh from a Dubai-bound passen-
~ ger. The Custom officials haci received an information that huge Pakistani cur-
rency would be smuggled out of the country, after a constant vigil was starteu .
on the out-going passengers. During surveillance the Custom officials becanne
- suspicious of a passenger Shahid Mahmood who was due to leave for Dubai by the
Gulf Air flight 761. After the suspect completed the sirlines briefing formali-
ties, the Custom officials Fub~ected him to intensive interrogation. Later his
suitcase was searched whicl-. resulted in th~ recovery of Pakistani Rs 22 lakh
concealPd in the inside of the suitcase in a thermosole packing layers. The
officials seized the currency and arrested the gassengers. Further investiga-
tion is in progress and the Custom investigaters axe on the look out of other
persons behind the currency smuggling racket. Last year Custom officials also
foiled two attempts of smuggling out Pakistani currency amounting to Rs 46 lakh.
APP [Text] [Karachi BUSINE5S RECORDER in English 28 Sep 81 p 3]
MASSIVE HASHISH HAU1~ -Karachi coast guard~ have arrested Shahida Pervin, who was
involved in a drug smuggling racket with her two brothera, who have fled. Forty
maunds of charas and three maunds of hashish were seized from her house in Jam Goth.
[GF192028 Karachi NA A-E-WAQT in Urdu 13 Oct 81 g 4]
KARACHI HA.SHISH HAUL--Dolice in Karachi seized 5 kg o� hashish from Abdur Rauf at
the Karachi airport on 12 October. He has been arreated. [GF192028 Karachi JANG
in Urdu 13 Oct 81 p 2]
CSO: 5300/4523
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PHILIPPINES
= BRIEFS ~
OPIUM TRAFFIC INCREASE--Manila, 18 Sept--I~licit opium traffic from Asia's pro-
duction area, through Bangkok and Manila to the markets of Australia and the
United States, is expected to increase cons~derably this year, anti-narcotics _
- authorities warned. Thai customs officials, in an alert sounded at the on-going
20-nation ~ustoms conference here, said opium poppy �armers in the isolated bor-
der area were trying to make up for the drop~in productiou in the pasti two years.
Opium dealers were also trying to speed up crop shipments in view of ~oint Thai-
US operations to burn poppy fields grown by hilltribesmen in the area, published
reports today said. Manila International Airport authorities were put on alert
after Thai officials also warned that illicit drug-smuggling runs were done
mostly by planes, not by ships as before.--NAB/AFP [Text] [Rangoon THE WORKING
PEOPLE'S DAILY in English 19 Sep 81 p 5] ~
CSO: 5300/4903
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~
VIETNAM
- ILLEGAL MEDICINAI. USE OF OPIUM CRITICIZID
Hanoi HA~IOI MOI ir~ VietnamesE 6 Aug 81 p 4 ~
[Article: "A Story a Day Column by The Builder: Special Drug?"]
[Text] A boy had diarrhea. His family went out begging ~or drugs and received
a little "good medicine" for the child. Aft,er drink3ng it, the boy sank into
deep sleep. His family carried him to the em~rgency room in a comatose state,
with hypothermia, t,reathing accompanied by expiratorv grunts and irregular
heartbeats, and despite adequate treatment th~ boy.died.
What is the cause of the tragedy? His family was told that opium is a"special"
drug; that is why when the youngster became ill they hurriedly went out of their
way ta beg for it. And the above l.ife-threatening reaction hap~ened.
At present, quite a few people still believe in thE miracle af noxious opium.
They know that opium is a medicinal ageut, and since it is an expensive one they
prize it even more. But opium is a drug and not a medicine. And since even the
- use of ordinary drugs should be guided by doctors, how can we use such poisonous
substances as opium without their advice?
9213
CSO: 5300/4510
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BOLIPIA
NATIONAL ANTIDRUG DIRECTOR F.XPLAINS EFFORTS TO COCA FARMERS
La Paz EL DIARIO in Spanish 3U Sep 81 pp 8-9.
[Unattributed Article: "What National and Forei~n Opinion Should Know About Drug
Traffic and How and When It Can Be Eradicat~d in Bolivia"]
[Text] Speaking before an assembly of peseant leaders tn Villa
Turani last Saturday the 26th., the executive director of the
National Council for the Fight~Agaiast Narcotics Tr~ffic, Col
DEMA Rene Ocampo Monje, offera a lucid, cohereat explanation
with revealing figures: $3Q million far burning surplus coca
~ leaves and $200 million for a 5-year program for the substitu-
tion and/or diversification of crops in Cochabamba and La Paz.
Companeros, settlers of the Chapare:
It is very gratifying to me to be here among you on the invitation of your
leaders, who visited me twice in La Paz and asked me to make this vieit to Villa
Runari. I bring you frat~rnal and affectioaate greetinga from tl~e Most E.YCellent
President of the Republic, Ma~ Gen Celso Torrelio Villa, to whom the National
Council for the Fight Against Narccatics Traffic is directly responsible.
I thank you profoundly for the cordial rpceptioa you have accorded me and for the
invitation extended to me by your leaders. I come here to have a frank talk with
you on a number of aspects of interest to the countrq $a a F~hole, to the sett3.ers
of the Chapare and to ffie as executive director of the Council. I am sure that we
shall understand each other completely because our langiaage is a common one;
that of the military man who speaks frankly and youYe because you are a
representative part of the Bolivian people who know nothing of deceit or dishoaest
intentions. If none of us wants to deceive the other or hide th~ truth, no matter
how difficult it is, since we are all Bolivians thera can be no doubt that we shall
- finally arrive at the solutions of benefit to all.
The important thing ia that we become aware that there exista a sez�ious problem
we can no longer ignore--nor do we wiah to do so--and that we seek among us all
the real way to face it and overcome it. Moreover, the real solution to this
great problem, which is the traffic of narcotics, carries with.it the solution of
parallel problems, that is~ your aituation as hard-work.~.ng settlera who generally
have been undergoing very hard living conditions, almost lacking credits and
necessary technical help from the varioua government ageacies operating in
~
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Chapare hecause of a lack of resources of yhege agenc~,es, by a duplication of
efforts or hecause of the extreme instabi.lity of our poltcy in recent years.
Overcome.Pessimism in the Figfit Against Narcotics Txaffic
. At this time it can lie assumed that tfisre ia indeed a national and international
consensus with respect to tlie magaitude the traffic in cocatne tk~e. country has
baen acquiring cumulatively. Even tfie highest.levels of government fiad admitted
it, acknowledging tliat the narcotics traffic was the reason for tha cooling in
our international relations wit6.several important industrialized countries that
in one way or anotlier represent a market for tihe cocaine manufactured in Bolivia.
However, up to now, with respect to his prob].em, which. because of its nature and
its various ramifications can be compared to a cancer ~hich eats at the very vitals
of the nation, perhaps the fair thing would be to say that a sado-masochistic
attitude has been assumed. Generally, speaking in terms of one or aaother
interest or simply following the trend, people waah. their hands of it by empha-
sizing the magnttude acquired by the drug traffic and poiZting out the inv~lve-
ment, real or alleged, of even certatn levels of government. With greater reason
that same position is heing aeaumed by the international preas, which, however, has
at no time asked itself whether Bolivia hae had or has th~ necessary external help
for the f ight against the traffic of narcotics.
For that very reason, from everything that has been esid on this problem up to
_ now, it would appear tfiat there ia tfie inference of a sort of national pessi-
mism, the erroneous conviction th~t it would be virtually impossible to eradicate
drug traffic in Bolivia regardless of the time. Apparently there is the desire for
immediate and spectacular results such as the capture o� the so-called five heads
sought by North American 3ustice and that at the eame time tfiere be no revelation
of the names such as Mamanis or Quispes, toward whom tfiere is a psychological
tendency to consider them innocent, some sort of sacrificial lamlis.
Of course, to the limit of our poeaibilities, those five heads are being sought
with inereasing intensity in recent days, including asking for the help of tlie
_ citizenry. It is obvious tbat it ia only a matter of time before they are
captured. However, what ~.ublic opinion muat keep in mind is that it is not
sensible to suppose that with tfie capture of thoae five individuals a death blow
_ will have been struck against the Bolivian drug traffic. Thexe must be many
- others of similar or greater importance who do not appear to interest North
_ Ameri.ca~ ~ustice. Moreover, others may appear more or less rapidly for the
simple reaeon of the enormous profita provided bq the manufacture ~nd sale of
cocaine, by the favorahle conditions existing in the country for: its manufacture
= and because of the gr~wing demand for the product on an international level.
This would happen inevitably with any government as long as we do not act with a
responsiblz coldness, understanding the various phases covered by the narcotics
traffic, and if having the necessary means, we do not proceed truly and sys-
tematically to dismantle and make tmposeible the fram~work of the narcotics
traffic through. a systematic labor whi.ch. could cover between 5 and 10 years.
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- The alternative to this unspectacular hut obviously.e~fective overall policy
~ is to discover a few drug traffickers every no~z and then, thus giying the people
the deceptive impression that the narcotics traffic is about to disappear when
actually the contrary is happening; I.ts headlong and already almost uncontainable
growth.
Why Should We Fight the Traffic in Narcotics?
Tha first aspect on which all of us Bolivians must have an extremely clear idea
is that which says that we must be deeply interested in eradicating the traffic
of narcotics in Bolivia. In this respect there is implicit tlie criterion that it
must be the great dr~zg-cqnsuming nattons, primarily tlie United States, which must
drastically reduce the use of drugs in their own midst. This would mean that
there would be no market for the supply offered by Bolivia. Obviously this is
- true when viewed from only one angle, since it could also be said that if the
supply were to disappear there would lie no demand either.
Actually the interest in fighting the narcotics traffic is reciprocal, in each
case attending to specific interests. Since the reason for concern in this respect
in the large drug-using nations is obvious, let us place the accent on those
things which concern us as Bolivians. In this respect suggestions are oft~n
made, even by circles which cannot be suspected of drug trafficking, which are
very strange and therefore erroneous. The first of these is of a quantitative
nature. It is emphasized that if it is the idle youth of the great industrialized
nations who are affected and not the youth of ours, we should not have to be
concerned. It is also stated that since the drug provides exhorbitant profits, it
should rather be a matter of studying how to insure the reinvestment in the country
of a larger sliare of thase profits, something like the nationalization o~f nar-
cotics traffic.
Very well, even taking the enormous figur.es which the traffic of narcotics would
create in Bolivia as a benefit of inventory--although the immense share appears
to derive from the foreign sales process--the danger to Bolivia as a country as
well as for its youth i:s ob3ective and inevitable. If we do nothing, it could be
= , a matter of a few years in which with or without elections, as happened before
with the tin barons, the national economy and politics would be determined by lthe
all-embracing power of the narcotics traffic, which could eventually even all~w
itself the luxury of having straw mer at its service, promoting them to the high-
est levels of government by means of "coups de etat" or democratic elections.
It is obvious Chat every well-born Bolivian should consider such an ominous future
as absolutely unclesirable.
But tt~ere is more. It is a completely mistaken idea that our young will not be
the victims of the use and traffic of cocaine and other mind-affecting drugs.
They are in an increasing manner, even in the ~unior highschools, although not yet
- in the elementary. Actually the problem of drug addiction is worldwide, with
developing countries such as Bolivia not being exemptedy their young assuming
the drug-using pathological patterns of more advanced circles, something which
should not surprise us in a world such as the present which is more and more
interdependent and in each of whose regions or nations drug dependency appears as
- a way to evade an increasingly competitive and harsh reality filled with con-
flicts such as our modern society.
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What is the Traffic in Narcotics and Howr Cau it be ~ought? ~
It is, therefore, time that we.recognize'tha oFijective reality o� the prolilem of
the ~narcotic~ traffic in Bvltvia, ahandoning the type of guilt co~plex wliich.
appears to have become generalized as if all o~ u~ Bolivians were powerless to
discover the most viable ways to reduce it to its min~mum expression. We are no:
among those wfio helieve tfiat witTi-simple lamentations or fiy t,earing our clothing
we are going to evade reality. Tfie pro~il.em is ob.~ ective and we must face it with
realism, understanding that we find ourselves be~ore a veritable war on whose
results depends evea whether we shall ~urvtve aa a nati.oa and as a people.
Obviously the task is far from ea~y, but it cannot ba avoided. It is also true
that it will take time, perhaps one or two 5-year periads. However, we must begin
right now and then continue systematically and correctlq.
I said previously that the narcotics traffic will not be eradicated by simple
repressive measures, although the spectacularity wh3ch they may assume could con-
fuse the citizenry. If some minor l~aders are captured, others always appear who
are just as powerful or more powerful. In thi8 respect we must remember that even
the U.S. police, with.means infinitely superior to ours, have not been able to,�~
nor can they, prevent the growth.of narcotics traffic in the United States, which
as years go by is acquiring impresaive dimensions. In our case narcotics traffic
can only be reduced draetically to limite virtuall~? submargiaal if we underatand
, that it has three interrelated phases: the groduction of the raw material, that
is, the coca leaves, tfie manufacture of sulphate or basic cocaine paste which ia
- not necessarily produced in a single large factory, and finally, the traffic
itself, the export of the sulphate and sometimes of chloral hydrate.
Those three aspects are closely interrelat~ to the extent that one cannot be
conceived without the otherso Actually, if there is no production of the raw
material, which means the coca leaves, it would be impossible to manufacture
cocaine sulphate and therefore it could not he exposted. That ia the reason for
the need to attar.k the weakest link in the chain of drug traffic, which is the
production of coca leaves. We do not propose, of courae, the buming of all the
coca plantings but ratheY of balancing the supply and demand having to do with
traditional chewinq, while at the same timew~ make viable the sustained reduction
of the areas in which coca is grown by means of a proper pelicy of substitutinn
and/or diversification of crops. ~
- Accelerated Overproduction of Coca
Although figures are contradictory, depending on their source--of course they are
not up to date--all of them agree that the last decade hae seen the cultivaLion
of coca leaves expanded in a cumulative and increasing manner several times
greater than in any other. In that respect the Chapare takes tfie prize because in
past years the increase in the growing of coca leaves lias apparently been 20
percent accumulatively each year. There is more. Whi1e on the national level
it can be estimated that up to the present time,of the 2Q,OOQ tons of leaves
produced no more than 50 percent went to cover the legal requirements of tra-
ditional chewing, in tfie case of the Chapare the percentages would be even more
alarming, since perhape up to around 70 percent of coca leaf production wi11 go
for the manufacture of cocaine.
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It is true that this greater production has fox eome.years brought a certain
prosperity to many o� the aettlera of..tFie:Chapare ia direct proportion to the
size of their coca plantings. Some have perHaps even hecome millionatxes and~
have been ahle. to liuy trucks, houses and oth~r ~.teme aPhich- wrere previously out o�
their reach. I.do not mean to accuse you.of Fieing accomplices in the traffic of
narcotics by tfiis, liecause you have only received crumbs from tfiose revenues. You
sold your coca to intermediaries and t.t was no longer your reaponsiTiility as to
what they did `rtt~i tt or who tfiey snld it to. But you have to understand tha~
this cannot go on; tfiat neitiser the country nor tTie governmeat can allow it
anymore and this is the main reason of my presence at t~ii.s gathering. The moment
has come to attack the prolilem at its roots~ whtah means to program the progress-
ive but conttnuous reductton in the growing o~ eoca leaves. ~
Objectiives of tlie Second Census of Coca Leaf Growers
In the npxt few days, in the firat half of October, wi.th tFie cooperation of the
National Statisttcs Institute and the Military Geographic Institute, the National
Council for the F~ght Against Narcotica Traffic will proceed to make the Second
Census of Coca Leaf Growere. The personnel of the Military Geographic Institute
will be ~uly identified. I recomanead to you that this time each of you provide
exact f igures with the certainty tbat the ob3ective is not that of cr~ating or
_ increasing any taxes for you or burning pour coca fields. The onlq thi~g we
seek is to know exactly the area you izave cultivated and haw much you produce in
each harvest so that wfien you sell to the collection centers or suhcentere you
can be checked with the greates.t accuracy posetble and in a timely manner.
The coca fields existing at the time of the census, and which.will be naturally
recorded, shall lie legal. However, we shall not �allow coca plantings to bs
expanded. You must keep this very much.in mind. New eoca fields will not only be
burned but those who plant them will automaticall~ lo~e their right to ownerBhip
of their land parcels and those who are renters will have their contracts canceled
and may also be accus~d of being accomplices of narcotics traffickers. These are
aspects which are considered in the new draft law prepared by the council and
which will be forwarded for consideration of the president of the republic until
next Friday, 9 October.
I repeat the need for you to prov+ide exact figures to avoid many future problems.
No ane will escape the Second Cenaus of Coca Leaf Growera no matter how far away
he may be. First of all, in surveying, the Military Geographic Institute has
organized its work in auch a~ay that 1.ts personnel will make a cou~plete sweep of
all the territory of Cochabamba and La Paz and wh~ile it may have to suspend its
work when the next rainy season,makes it impossible to continue writh. it, it will
return to finish it next March. Second, we shall have t~e help of the satellite
which passes over Chapare several timea a wPek and takea photographs.
I told you that no one will eacape the aecond ceneus or it3 effects because the
registered grower will receive the pertinent certificate, which ts the same as
having a legal growing license. The person who for any reason is not reached by
the census will have a 90-day period to go register. As a result, the collection
center and its subcenters, with their computerized figures, will know who among
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you should come to sell them your coca and Iww~lquc~ you sliould sell.them. Who-
ever does not do so at each haryest deapite.haviug produced somea ~.l not
grow another crop tiecaus~ his coca field will.be.burned~ You can rest assured
~ that it is simply a matter of time- and personnel .be:~ore..We ach~.eye tTiis afisolute
control because our ob~e~t~ve is to prevent, if poseible~ a single drum of coca
from hecoming cocatne sulptiate. 1~Iay1~e some c~ you wil,l laugfi, constdering tliat
the Chapare is extenstve, t~+.at many of its land pgrcels can only ~e reached on
~oot or by beagts of burden and that coca fielde Fiave lieea spreading all along the
length of rivers. We shall face up to that real situattt~n wttli tfie ~uitable
material me.ans. Soon you will see several helicopters~ wht.ch.can le,nd anywhere
and which the counGil will use to actiieve a praatically absoiute control, flying
across the skies of Chapare.
Collection Centers, Traders an?i Domesttc Cocaine Sulvhate
Those who act in good fatth have aoth3ng to fear whea theq come to the collection
_ centers of the Council. On the contrary, the truth- is t~at we have established an
accegtable price of 1,SQ0 Bolivian pesos net per drum to the grower. The strange
thing is that because you do not know it or because of habit many of you have been
selling your drums of cocg leaves to the tradere [rescatadores], wfio have been
_ exploiting you, paying you only betweea 500 to 800 Bolivian pesos per dru,m, while
they se11 it for as much as 7,000 Bolivian peaos to tfie narcotics traffickers.
This was even published by tlie prese a few days ago. You should know that the
Council does not recognize any interniediary o~ trader, who tf they operate are
doing so in violation of the law.
It is truE that in recent months coca grawers have had protilems with the collection
centers and the subcenters of La Paz aad Cochabam~a. Since many did not register
in the previous ceneu~ or they declared they had smaller amounts tfian they ac-
tually had, the collection centera refuaed tu buy the coca and in some cases seized
it. That was a serious error and as soon se I learned abput it I took remedial
3ction ordering that those abuaes not be com~itted against you and that they buy
all the caca you bring at established prices. This will also happen during tha
second census and wh31e everything is being organized and completed. We are
interested in having all coca production come to the collection centers. It
- would 1~e very strange if we ourselves pushed you into selling your coca ta the
traders of cocaine manufacturers since if we do nat buy iC, you have to sell it to
someone. .
However, I also wish to speak to you frankly ahout a new phenomenon we have al-
ready detected on the long border with Peru and Chile, and which apparently fias
proliferated even more in the Chapare. I refer to the fact that the smuggling
of coca leaves, due to the existence of the Council's collection center and the
existing controls, will now be minimal. Instead, in hundreds of scattered places
it will be the peasants themselves who wi].1 produce cocaine sulphate for the
narcotics traffickers, who would thus find it eaaier to collect cocaine paste,
taking it to the cities on road vehicles, boats and even on hydroplanes and light
aircraft. Ground coca would also be taken to the city of Cochabamba wliere it
would b~ made into sulphate.
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You may be assured that it is simply a matter of time, once we have the results
of the Second Census of Coca Leaf Growera computerized, to know~t~oar many and which.
of you operate~iu this wap. I~ is lietter that you desist now wlien you still have
the chance, because once we discover it, the full ~zeight of the law will �a11
upon violators. It is not worthwTii.le for the.peasants to rua tfiat rtsk of losing
their land and in addition spending severai peara in prison for manufacturing
cocaine sulpliate.
National Coca Monopoly and Int~arnational Selp
I take this apportunity to inform pou snd all Bolivia about the real pro~ection
of the National Coca State Monopoly~which- ia part of the National Council for the
Fight Against Narcotics Traffic. If we are seriouslp going to uadertake the
eradication of the narcottcs traffic in the country~ the ffionopoly in buying and
selling coca leaves lias two ob~ectives: firat, buqtng aad selliag in terms of
satisfying the legal demand of the txaditional chewera; second, buying the
surplus coca leaves so as to promote their export for legal purposes, which.in
any case wil~l be minor~ and the remainder will b,e huraed.
In the first aspect, the state monopoly is complying--witfi tthe explicable initial
faults--with i~s ob~ective. With the experience acquired~ it will be a matter
of a short time, not later than the end of the year, for the operation of the
state monopoly to be practically perfect witTi_reapect to the purchase from the
_ growers as well as the sale to the traditional chewere, level at which we also
seek to reduce the number of intermediaries to the minimum whose excessive pro-
liferation can only be explained, particularly tn certain cities, because they
are charutels of supply of coca leaves for the narcotics traffickers. We shall
_ thus be in a pos~tion to know how much.we have bought and from whom for the
purpases of traditional chewing and through.whom ve have reached the chewers, whose
- number it will be possible to establisfi with great exactitude.
However, it is proper that the citizenry have a correct idea with enough.time
of what the purchase and destination of aurplus coca leavea means, since they are
_ for the manufacture of cocaine. If we assume that the surplus would reach.some
10,000 tons pe�r year, although actually it can evea be greater according to some
estimates, we would have no less t?~an 22 million pounda of coca leavea in round
figures, which if purchased from the growera at 38 Bolivian pesos per pound would
mean we would need 757 million Bolivian peaos, something like $30 million in round
figures. In other words, every year for several years to come, while the results
of the systematic policy of aubstitution and/or diversification of crops become a
reality, we would have to buy and burn cocg leavea in that amount, which obviously
Bolivia does not liave for that purpoae.
It is here that we need the urgent cooperat~on of the international community, and
- in particular that of the industrialized countri.es most affected by the manu-
facture and sale.of cocaine. For a minimum of five yeare that sum would have
to come to us ae an annuity~ thus complemeating the political will of the
Boli~rian Government to eradtcate tr.is einister traffic #rom the country. It is
to be noted that up this time we have not had the alightest forei.gn cooperation
~or the organiization of the state coca monopoly or for the accomplishmeat of tfie
Sec~fld Census of Coca Leaf Growexs or the rest of i.ta activities. If that foreign
co~peration is not forthcoming, what will liappen is that the state coca monopoly
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will only accomplish.one of ita ob~ectives, although.ef�eccively, that of the
regulation of supply and demand of coca for tradi,tional chewing~ T6ere r~ill
remain an inevi'table parallel market, wr~iich_ we w~ould like to prevent ~ iM leaves
and above all tn the manufacture of su~phate, less detectable and easier to
transport tfian the raw material in bulk.
The Chapare and the SuTistitution of Crops
The reception I had in Carannavi. a few days ago and that ~hich you naw give me
shows the country and foreign opinion that tlie.peasant coca lea~ growers fully
accept the need to su6stitute for tlie coca fielde, which.up to now have been
your main commerctal surplu~ and could almost he called your mainetay. If tize
government, tfirougfi the council, is truly going to reach you with.sufficient
credit and permanent technical help~ I am certain that far from encountering
resistance we shall receive your full support. This wi].1 not be an e~sy short-
. term task either. If ;ae know how to organize well and 'be truly senattive to the
interests of the peasant class, we aliall have ~chteved full succees, but not over-
night and not even f~com one year to the next, but ratlier during the courae of
several years, an averabe of 5 years. T~ihat is important is tfiat we lose no more
time and we begin immediately.
This period may seem exaggerated to thos.e who do not know the rural area and
primarily the coca leaf growing zones. To us that ia the minimum time. This is
because the sulitropical zone where coca leavea are grown gives the appearance of
being of great fertiltty bec~use tt ts always green. Actually it is not. The
soil is mucfi poorer than that of otber regiona of the country, for example, the
valleys of Cocfiabamba, Chuquisaca or Tari~a and certain regions of Santa Cruz.
You the settlers of the Chapare know tfiis because of your own expertence. You
knaw that this apparently outstanding region ia no good for continuous farming
because its crops are smaller ~-~sr after year. This explaina why after a certain
time you have to move, you engsge in what is called "agricultural migration."
Experience has also told yeu that tfie same thing cannot be planted everywhere.
You also suffer from the exploitation of intermediariea and in many cases your
products spoil. All this explains why you see the cultivation of coca as your
salvation since this plant will give you up to four crops per y~ar and geaerally
is resistant to the disesaes whicfi affect coffee, citrue or cocoa.
Therefore, a real policy of subatitution for the growing of coca, which means an
undemagogic policy, has to begin with the recognition of that multifaceted ob~ect-
ive reality and an attempt to resolve it in its entirety. That supposes several
things on the basis of th~ supposition that we shall act in terms of the
defense of the interests of the peaaants: Pron~tioa of the so-called perennial
c:ops of the tree type or similar things auch.as the oil or African palm, quinine,
certain types of citrus, alders and pines~ as well as coffee, papaya and cocoa,
without pre,judice to the encouragement of the uae of hetter growing teehniques
for some traditional annual products and some new ones such.as rice, pepper,
tomatoes and legumes in general; cooperatien with the peaeant through a complete
soil study~ which in the case of the Chapare is already very much.advanced
- and almos.t complete by PRODES [expansion unkaown], so that it will be Iaiown what
can be planted wfiere for best results; making poesible the introduction of new
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species and improved seeds, aapect in ~rhich_the�IBTA.je~pansion unknown] has made
advanced studiea, altFiough hecause of the.lack of funda the.settlers.of tfie
Chapare continue ua3ng their own aeedbeds~ and ~iaally, to the greatest degree
possilile, advancing to~oard an integrated rural develogment of a ne~r tppe, which..
should he understood as the optimum developmeat of the materfAl and fiuman
- r~sources of a certain region and wfiose:central point will be the establtsliment
of a cooperattve agrotndustry.
In this respect, coincidtng with theory or complementing it, I wish t~ emphasize
that the leaders of the Chapare settlers themselvea ia La Paz insisted that
we try to bring industrtal plants here to this region. Tfieq gave me the example
of the papaya, wfiic~i they now sell at a peso apiece but in tTie future they would
sell to thetr own plant to be made into marmal~de,~which.would mean that they
would have a guaranteed market at a higher priee. What can be done with papayae
must be repeated as much as possible with other products.
The Council for the Fight Against Narcotic~ Traf~ic~ the Driving Force
This is the sense of the agreement we aigned between the National Council for the
Fight Against Narcotics Traffic and the Bolivian Agricul~ural Bank, which makes
for the accelerated use of the funds which.h~d existed in tfi.e CROFOG jexpansion
unknown] program, sp~cifically meant for the creation of peasant cooperatives.
In this agreement are stated the specif ic conditions of that credit, which will be
at reasonable interest and will be repaid once the plaat goes into production
during a period of several years. It is~to be noted that the credit will also
include operating capital.
- It is proper to state tfiat the borrowere w~.l.l bs the cooperative or cooperatives
which do not yet exist but which we should organize during coming monthe. We have
th~ specialized personnel from tlie Agricultural Bank in its CROFOG program for
this organization and in addition to them the council w~.ll make available a per-
manent support technician. Moreoverf the council will help in tlue preparation of
the necessary feasibility atudies, because it is logical that we muat demonstrate
to the bank that the pro~ ect ia profitable, which_means that it it~ possible for
_ the bank to recover its money. For the reat, you must consider that the machinery
for these plants is not available in the country but muat be imported from the
United States, all of which takes tim~. Therefore~ we can expect that once the
first cooperative is organized and the feasibility etudy is made, the first
cooperative industrial plant can begin operations within the followiag 6 months.
In this manner the Nat:lonal Council for the Fight Against Drug Traffic appears
in one of its main functions, w~ich is that of promoting existing possibilities
which have not been taken advantage of as yet. Something similar to that which
we have ~uat finished doing with the Agricultural Bank will be done witii.other
agencies such as PRODES and IBTA, which meane that we sha11 coordinate the best
use of those things which up to now have infrastructure and studtes, aince a
poor country ~uc.h as ours cannot afford the luxury of uanecessarily duplicating
efforts.
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Another of the concerns of the counci7, is that of negot~.atiAg for the required
international help so that this integral policy~o~ substituting crops may hecome
a reality. The funda of the CROFOG~ wFiich.can actually be used in tbe Chapare
pursuant to the agreement we have aigned~ are onlq a drop in the fiucket compared
tu overall needs.
� Foreign Cooperation For the Subatitutton of Crops
Very well, in the event that tfie industrislized countries interested in eradicating
the narcotics traffic in Bolivia and certain internationalagencies which share
the same concern provide the financtng required for the purchase and subseqaent
destruction of coca leaves which are surplus to our tiraditional chewtng needs in
a timely fashion, we sFiall, at tfie same time, still need foreign help to finance,
as soon as possible, a planned but sustained aubstitution and/or. diversification
of crops in the growing zones of CochaFiamba and La Paz.
That substitution and/or div~rsification atiould be baaed necessarily on what the
growing of coca meaais for the peasant family, whi.ch_as ~e have s~id ie the main
source of incom~ }iecause i:t ts tfie only product they raise for eale and the rest
of the things tfiey grow are for self-consumption. Since_ each hectare of coca
yields around 80 baskets in tlie four cropa each year, this means tfiat tbe peasant
receives between 120,OQQ and 150,Q00 Bolivian pesoe per Fiectare of coca. It is
not a matter of finding anoth~r crop or a single sulistitute crop for coca, which
we know that in terms of profits is almoat impoesible or at leaet very difficult
to find. That is why we speak about subatituti4n and/or diversification. It is
a matter of guaranteeing a radical change in their living conditions and work,
_ so that altogether, wnen tfiey cease to grow coca or reduce the area in coca,
they cannot only maintain their income but even improve it. That will only be
possible in the manner we emphssized hereto~ore~ not only hy improving their
growing techniques, that is, insuring the use of Tiigher technology, but above
all by linking the production of raw materials to their trausformation for their
own benefit, which means establisfiing a cooperative agroindustry. If this is not
done, we shall never be able to make the peasant cease cultivat3.ng at least their
present fields of coca.
Here also there must he foreign cooperation, not only in a timely but sufficient
manner.. If we conservatively ae~ume that altogether we shall have to replace
some 10,000 hectares of coca in Cochabamba and La Paz within the parameters
explained, that is, the introduction of new perennial crops and new cultivation
techniques and improvQd species, but above all the establiahment of cooperative
industrial plants, we have to think of a minimum investment of scme $20,000
per hectare, which means $200 million to be inveeted in the 5-year plan of
- integral rural development in the coca growing zonea of Cochabamba and La Paz,
a figure which seems su�ficient to us for Che virtual eradication of the narcotics
traffic in Bolivia.
It appears to be a large sum, which of course is out of the reach.of our domestic
possibilities. However, it repreaente a good inveatment for the industrialized
countries whose young are being more and more affected by the Bolivian narcotfcs
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traffic. Those countries would have to spend aeveral times that amount~ thinking
only in material terms, in autisequent rehahilftation services ~or the~.r drug
addicts. It has to be a cheaper and better option for theaa to Fialt the supply of
drugs from Bolivia. We fiope tfiey will unders.tand iL that way~
_ For our part, ~ust as in Caranavi, ~�~itfi_this meeting at Villa Tunari we are
demonstrating that we fiave clear ideas on how to real'ly fight dzug traffic in
Bolivia, as well as the necessary political determination for accomplishing it.
- We only wait for the indispensable foreign help to come sinee we are sure of
having thP s~spport of the people in general, and those directly co~cemed, th?
settlers of tfie Chapare and Yungas, in particular. ~
8908
CSO: 5300/2Q16
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1~RIC0
TRAFFICKER OF COCAZNE, HEROIN CAPTURED
Mexicali LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish 10 Sep 81 Sec B p 12
- [Text] Mexicali--Federal Judi~tal Police ag~nts detailed to this ~urisdiction
succeeded in capturing a resi~eat of the Miraflores housing development who
admitted having sold at least a pound of heroin and another of cocaine on the
United States black market.
The authorities said that, in tfist country a pound of cocaine is worth about
$108,000, while the heroin has moxe or less the same price.
The federal agents rec~ntly arrested Israel Gastelum Rocha, aged 35, as he was
arriving at his residence at No 437 Felipe Angeles Avenue in the Miraflores develop-
ment. He was carrying in his clothing an envelope containing 7 grams of cocaine,
left to him out of a total of 25 grama that he had purchased for $3,500 from an
- individual residing in Culiacan, Sin~loa.
Yesterday, the Federal Public Miniatry agent representing the Ministry of Law,
Rogelio Lopez Medina, provided the information about the case following the
investigations condu~ts3 by the Federal Judicial Police commander, Pablo Garcia
Martinez, and his agents.
Gastelum Rocha, a native of Higuerita, in the municipality of Badiraguato, Sinaloa,
, was captured on 7 September when he wae arriving at his residence at 13~J0 hours
in his red Datsun pickup truck, with California licenae plates 39747W.
According to the police, during the questioning Gastelum said that he had recently
purchased an ounce of cocaine from an individual who had come f.rom Culiacan,
Sinaloa, with a pound.
He also confesaed that he had previously traveled to Calexico, California, in a
1965 Cadillac car in which he had concealed a pound of cocaine and anottier of
heroin. _
He had made several sales of the latter drug which he had in his possession and
which was seized from him by the authorities, both in this car~ital and in San Luis,
Rio Colorado, Sonora.
~ The individual under arrest will be remanded today to the first district court,
according to Lopez Medina.
2909
CSO: 5330/48
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MEXICO
HEROIN TRAFFICKERS CAPTURED IN MEXICALI
Mexicali LA VOZ DE L~ FRONTERA in Spanish 4 Sep 81 Sec B p 12
[Text] Mesicali--Federal Jt~~icial Police agenta arrested in this town five members
(including three women) of an international drug trafficking ring, and succeeded in
confiscating from them heroin valued at over 3 million pesas on the United States
black market.
Those ur?der arrest are the expert chemist Franciaco Reyes Padilla, aged 51, a resi-
dent of No 148 Hidalgo Avenue in Mazatlan, Sinaloa; Heriberto Chan Sanchez, alias
"E1 Chino", aged 44 and residing at No 1170 Guana3uato Avenue in the Pueblo Nuevo
housing developtaent in this town; Gabriel Lizarraga Martinez, aged 56, reaiding at
No 2177 Aguascalientes Avenue, in the Santa Clara development; Rebeca Presas de
Gomez, aged 67, of No 1008 Third Street in Calexico, Califomia; and her daughter,
Olivia Gomez Presas,.aged 35, of the same address ae her mother!s.
The information concerning the case was provided yesterday by the agent of the Fede-
- ral Public Ministry in this ~urisdiction, Jose S. Reta Diaz, after the FedeYal
Judicial Police commander, Pablo Gar.cia Martinex, had submitted to him the report
containing the results of the investigation.
According to S. Reta Diaz, r_ha ir:dfvidu~ls under arr~st were remanded yesterday
to the first district court, accused of crimes against health in various degrees,
depending on the extent of liability on the part of each.
The spokesman for the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic noted that
Rebeca and Olivia were arrested recently as they were driving along Cristobal Colon
Avenue in a. 1967 Chevrolet Impala station wagon with license plates 814-SXZ.
Upon being intercepted by the Federal Judicial Police agents, they appeared to be
extremely nervous, and were aub~ected to investig~tion. It was found that they
were about to convey 260 grams of pure heroin, apart from 30 grams that had been
greatly diluted, which Rebeca Presa~ de Gomez was carrying tied with a belt under
her slip. She and her daughter were to receive $1,000 for carrying the drugs to
Calexico.
On the basis of the investigations that were conducted, it became evident that
Francisco Reyes had been engaged in drug trafficking for a long time. He had
recently purchased 1.5 kilograms of poppy gum which he converted, through chemical
procedures known to him, into a conaiderable amount of heroin.
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A short time ago he gave his girlfriend, Gabriela Lizarraga, the 260 grams of pure
heroin, and she contacted Rebeca Presas de Gomez (her friend) and the latter's
- daughter (Olivia), to have them take the drugs to the United States, which they
were about to do when they were arrested.
Heriberto Chan ("E1 Chino") was engaged in s~eeking customers in the United States.
2909
CSO: 5330/4R
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MEXICO
HEROIN TRAFFICKERS CAPTL'RED IN CHIHtJAHUA
Ciudad Juarez EL FRONTERIZO in Spanish 28 Aug 81 Sec B p 2
[TextJ Yesterday, the Federal Judicial Police dealt a heavy blow to drug traffickers.
They seized over a million pesos worth of heroin, but also succeeded in capturing
individuals $uch as Santos Ramirez Nunez, Raul Rodrigue~ Favela, Itogelio Nevarez
Burciaga and Marcel.ino Aviles Labra, who were engaged in thia criminal activity
on such a grand scale that they even had their own laboratory in Guadalupe y Calvo.
Comdrs Carlos Gabriel Santib~nez Ramos and Octavio Esquinca personally headed the
operation, which took them over 15 days and which deactivated, at least for several
years, such notarious traffickera as Santos Ramirez who, not even 3 months ago, was
- serving a long sentence for crimea against heal~h in the United States, and Marcelino
Aviles, who is the brother of the notorious Carmelo Avi~es. ~
- The two police chiefs, who have become scourges of the drug business greats, learned
- that Santos, Marcelino, Raul Rodriguez and Rogelio Nevarez were about to carry out
a multimillion transaction.
They followed in their footstepa, sticking to them like shadows; and thexeby found
out that at 2100 hours on Wednesday, at the Herrera market ~tand between the Casas
Grandes highway and Lopez Mateoa Avenue, they were going to meet a purchaaer from
the United States, who was to give them 1 million pesoe for 260 grams of heroin.
Santos Ramirez Nunez and Raul Rodriguez Favela arriv~d at that locatiorn to keep
the commitment in a brand new 1972 Ford LZ`D.
Of course they were carr~~ing two packages no larger than 5 inchea long by an inch
and a half in di~meter, carefully wrapped in foil, with a fiaal covering of clear
plastic over the latter.
Inside was that aolid, blackiah substance resembling ca~eta de celaya [a ~ellied
confection], but harder and darker, which has cauaed death or incurable lunacy to
~ so many millions of people.
But something drove the conspirator away. "He may have seen us, which we doubt,
but he suspected something, and did not arrive for the drugs," said Commanders
Santibanez and Esquinca. "He escaped us simply becuase we did not know him, nor
did we know whether he was on foot or going to arrive by car at where Santos
Ramirez and Raul Rodriguez were already located. In any event, we arrested the
latter.
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"They tried to use the powerful weapons that they were carrying, but wP did not
give them a chance. We questioned them, and.they soon atated that, in their acti-
vities as drug sellers, in which they had always been engaged, they wer~ being
helped by Rogelio Nevarez Burciaga and Marcelino Aviles Labra, who is also called
- 'E1 Chimino' and who, as a trafficker, is as active and brazen as his brother,
Carmel.o, or more so."
The search f or them continued, and it was discovered that Saxitos and Marcelino were
directing the group's activities together, and that they were operating on such a
large scale that they even had their own Iaboratory~in the d irection of Santa
Matilde, which belongs to the muncipality of Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua.
They indicated the location where the poppies were converted into gum, because
_ other agents had come there to see whom they arrested.
Today, the drugs, the two cars in which they were traveling, and of course the
- arrested traffickers and the weapons seized from them will be turned over to the
agent of the Federal Public Ministry.
"They dealt a.big blow; now they ~iave really Baught the leaders,'.' Was the comment
- being made among the various local police forces, referring to Commanders Santibanez
Ramos and Octavio Esquinca, and the rest of the federal agents who took part in
that investigation.
22
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23
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MEXICO
TRAFFICKER WITH LONG CRIMINAL RECORD CAPTURED
- Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 19 Sep 81 Sec B p 2
_ [Text] After a series of careful investigations, agents from the Municipal Public
Security Directorate ~DSPM] succeeded in capturing the multt-murderer Raul Zamora
- Loaiza, aged 26y ~c as to have him answer to the courts for the crimes of homicide,
drug trafficking, extortion, kidnapping, armed assault and any others whi'ch result
during the course of the pertinent preliminary investigations. ~
7
This announcement was made yesterday by Mr Roberta Robles Rendon, head of the DSPM,
to the news media.
Zam~ra Loaiza is a native of the village of Carmen, ~n the municipality of San
Ignacio, with a current residence at 161 Corona South, in this town:
The Municipal Police inspector, Robles Rendon, added at the press conference which
he held last night 'that Raul Zamora.has a bad criminal record, with no fewer than
10 homicides committed with firearms ascribed to him.
At one time Zamora Loaiza served as a driver for Manuel Salcido Uzeta, al~.as "E1
Cochi-Loco," with whom he originally engaged in operationa associated with drug
trafficking.
In his etatements, he admitted that he had taken part in the escape of "E1 Cochi-Loco"
from the IRRS [Institute of Incarceration and Social Rehabilitation], where he acted
as driver of the pickup truck in which they fled bound for Navolato, accompanied by,
or in the custody of guards from the prison, who were armed with M-1 rifles, heading
toward Navolato, where they murdered Vicente Angulo.
Raul Zamora Loiza also said that his criminal record dates 'back about 10 years ago,
when, with Jesus Pimentel, son of a doctor with the same surname, they held up an
individual at the Hotel del Valle, robbing him of 70,000 pesos.~ On that occasion,
both were ~ailed and booked by the municipal polic~:. He was confined in the Protec-
= tive Institution ~or Minors, for stealing a bicyc~e from a friend of his in the 5 de
Mayo housing development.
He later went to the mountains, where he met Manu~el Salcida Uzeta,.in San Ignacio;.
and engaged in growing marihuana with Hector Loaiza, alias 11E1 Tonillo" and other
persons whose names he did not remember.
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Three years ago, he paxticipated in the abduction of a son of Matilde Loaiza, and
he and his accomplices received 6U,00~ pesos for his release. He also stated that
he had engaged in extortion of Felix Lara, a resident of La Labor, in the municipa-
lity of San Ignacio, whom he threatened with death through anonymous messages, gnd
- from whom he demanded 50,000 pesos.
Using the same trick, he stole 40,000 pesos from Miguel Ochoa, a merchant locaCed
in La Labar; while another of his victims was Miguel Urbina, from whom he stole
40,000 pesos, a month ago. Since this was bringing him optimal results among tl-.e
well-to-do people in that area, he continued it.
Next, it was the turn of Alfredo Acosta, a native of Cosala and owner of a bar and
- a supermarket; following which he was arresCed on that charge by agents from ttne
DSPM special services department.
A month ago, with a certain Enrique, he stole Z,200 pesos from Miguel Ponciano in
the Sinaloa housi~tg development in this town. He robbed a grocer named Juan of
30,000 pesos, using anonymous threats. He also held up an American at the Tres
Caminos Motel, taking $1,000 and other items.
He worked in a machi~e shop in Canedo and Corona, where he stole the manager's car
and sold it to an unidentified person. The vehicle was later recovered by the police.
With an individual nicknamed "E1 Gaviota" he held up an unidentified p~rson from
whom they stole a gold bracelet and cash, escaping to Ti~uana, Baja California,
_ where they stole two cars. He sold the first one at a car lot, and with the second
was arrested by customs officials and jailed in La Meza for 4 years and 2 months.
He st:ot Vicente Angulo to death for pay, and years ago also killed Miguel Osuna,
in the same manner, at La Labor, in the municipality of San Ignacio, in the company
of Hector Loaiza Man~arrez and Antonio Man~arrez.
He later murdered Sergio Osuna, who had tried to make a profit from the marihuana
that they had planted, because they found him cultivating it at Cerro de la Silla;
_ hP also killed Miguel Ruvalcaba for thP same reason.
Last year, he admitted, he killed the brothera Jose and Mario Acosta at the Sinaloa
housing development in a gun-battle. He knew the victims by the nickname "Los
Chihuahuas" and killed.them because of old grud,gea.
Four months ago, he killed two persoas whoae identit-.ies he claimed not to know, in
the 5 de Mayo housing development; and 2 months later, he killed Mi.guel Vega.
At a party in the San Ignacio area, Raul Zamora, together with a friend of his named
Enrique, attempted to assault a girl, who resisted. They shot her, not knowing
whether or not she was dead, because they fled.
- This is a summary of some of the crim~~ the majority of.which had Raul Zamoro Loaiza
as their intellectual and matexial perpetrator. Today, he will be turned over by
the DSPM to the State Judicial Police Directorate.
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. ~ . . . ,
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This is Raul Zamora Loaiza, aged 26, who has a bad criminal record, including no
fewer than 10 murders committed with firearms and several extortions and kidnappings,
as well has having been a drug trafficker. He was captured by the Municipal Public
Security Directorate. ~
2909
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MEXICO
BRIEFS
SHIPLOAD OF MARIHUANA ADRIFT--Mexico City, 14 September (INFORMEX)--The Federal
Judicial Police, together with the Mexican Navy, discov~ered a ehip on which 13 tone
of marihuana were found, adrift at aea. The incident took place in ~urisdictional
waters of the island of Cozumel. A ship of the Mexican Navy towed the vesael "Far
Horizon" to Isla Mu3eres, where the pertinent authorities took over the case. The
Federal Judicial Police assigned to that locality reported that 700 packages were
discovered aboaxd the "Far Horizon" containing a total of 13 tons of marihuana of
- varying qualityy the price of which per kilogram on the market would be 10,000 pesos.
It is thought that the ship, which did not carry a flag nor any identifying documsn-
tation, had come from Colombia, a country which has become a platform for the national
_ drug traffic bound for the United States. [Text] [Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEVO
LAREDO in Spanish 15 Sep 81 Sec A p 2] 2909
ANTIDRUG CAN~AIGN PRAISED--Mexico City, 18 Segtember (INFORMEX)--Representatives of
the U.S. police agreed in stating that, with the permanent campaign against the drug
traffic in our country, Mexico has become a beneficial barrier preventing the entry
of drugs into the United States on a large scale, while Canada is one of the leading
corridors. In discussing the drug addiction problem in the United States, Sheriff
Tommy Robinson o~ Little Rock, Arkansas, remarked in an interview with INFORMEX that
the disintegration of the American family as an inatitution has prompted both qouth
and adults to consume more drugs. He added that the high crime rate is due mainly
to this factor, whereas in Mexico family unity has helped to keep that rate lower.
He claimed to be unfamiliar with the sociological factors involved in the problem,
but noted that the consumption of marihuana in the achools on all levels of educati~n
is alarming; commenting: "We need to learn your systems for curbing drug addiction,
so as to find the means of solving our probleme efficiently." The head of the centers
for field study programs in the area of drugs in Texas, for his part, said that the
� system against drug trafficking in Mexico was very advanced with respect to technical
and human resources. [TextJ [Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 19
Sep 8I ~ec A p 2] 2909
OPIUM GUM SEIZED--Jesus Iribe Alvarez has been placed at the djsposal of the first
district court, to be tried for the crimes of planting, cultivating, harvesting,
purchasing and s~lling drugs. He has confesaed and there is evidence against him
_ to warrant his being tried ~or the aforementioned crimes, as well as for drug
possession. In making the foregoing report, Hector Aviles Castillo, coor.dinator
for Zone 06 of the permanent campaign against drug trafficking established by the
Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, noted that a aeries of investigations
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had culminated in the arrest of the presumed drug trafficker. He explained that the
accused resides in E1 Hue,jote, a town wl.thin the municipality of Badiraguato, where
he had concealed under the kitchen floor in his house four bottles containing a'dark
substance with a penetrating odor which is apparently opium gum. The combined four
plastic bags which Iribe Alvarez turned over to the investigators weigh 502 grams of
that drug, and were divided into one bag_with 168 grams, another with 148, a third
with 78 and the last one wi~h 108 graias. They were all seized to be sent to the
laboratory for the purpose of determining exactly what kind of substance it i.s.
Also confiscated was a 1976 F-100 model Chevrolet pickup truck, with state of Sinaloa
license plates TU-1320, which had been used by the individual u~nder arrest to trans-
port the drugs that he had marketed on previous occasions. Finally, Aviles Castillo
remarked that, with the ~vidence in the posseasion of the agent of the Federal
Public Ministry, the subject was remanded to the first ~udge, so that the latter
might determine on the ~asis tfiereof the degree of liability to be assigned to him
and issne a sentence in his regard. [Text] [Culiacan EL SOL D~ SINALOA in Spanish
14 Sep 81 See B p 2] 2909
SECOND SHIPLOAD OF MARIHUANA--Mexico City, 21 September (EXCELSIOR)--At dawn today,
off the coast of Chetumal, the Navy and Federal Judicial Police stopped an American
ship carrying over 8 tons of marihuana worth 100 million pesos. In less than 2
wepks the judic{al authorities have apprehended two vessels carrying that drug.
The Federal Judicial Pol~ce disclosed that, aboard the American ship named "Sea
Witch" over 8 tons of the aforementioned drug were di,scovered. The drugs had come
from Colombia and were to be taken to Miami, Florida. During the operation, Capt
John Mueller and Frank Lennon were arrested, as was the Colomhian, Arnulfo Christopher.
According to Federal Judicial Police estimates, the drugs would be worth at least
100 million pesos on the black market, because most of them were of the high-priced
"red hair" and lamb's tail" varie~ies. [Text] [Mexicali LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in
Spanish 22 Sep 81 Sec B p 15] 2909
OPIUM GUM TRAFFICKERS CAUGHT--The Federal Judicial Police discovered 260 grams of
opium gum in the residences of Mar~elino Ojedo Aispuro and his daughter-in-law,
Felipa Leon de O,jeda, who were therefore arrested and turned over to the agent of
the Federal Public Ministry, to answer the charges brought against them for crimes
against health in the degree of drug possession. The information supplied by Hector
Aviles Castillo, coordinator for Zone 06 of the permanent campaign against drug
trafficking, indicates that the presumably guilty eub~ects reside in the village of
Bagresitos, in the township of Tepuche, affiliated with this central municipality.
The federal official atated that, after an exhaustive investigation conducted by
members of the collaborating police force, it was learned that the aforementioned
individuals had made some sales of that drug; and hence they sought a means of
finding the opium gum. Aviles Castillo told EL SOL DE SINALOA that the poppy by-
product had been concealed in their residences in three bottles of the type used
- to hold instant coffee. .'^wo receptacles were found in the residence of O~eda
Aispuro, one containing 80 grams and the other 100 grams; while the third bottle,
containing 80 grams of opium gum, was found in his daughter-in-law's house, also
buried for concealment. The pair, along with the drugs, was turned over to the
federal social representative so that, on the basis of the evidence provided,the
guilt of both individuals in custody could be determined and steps taken to implement
justice. [Text] [Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 27 Sep 81 Sec B p 2] 2909
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HEROIN TRAFFICKER ATTEMPTS SUICIDE--Carlos Jasso Trevino, aged 31, from Laredo, Texas,
- was arrested by Federal Judicial Police agents because 46.grams of heroin were found
in his possr~ss~on; and, upon being incarcerated in the cell at the Federal Palace,
he decided to commit suicide. However, he only m~naged to inflict some minor cut~
with the edge o� a broken glass on his neck and left forearm. The uniformed police-
ma.n, Dolores Martinez, tried to take the broken glass away from him, and was wounded
on the hand in a struggle with the individual in custody. Both were~treated at the
Civil Hospitai. Jasso Trevino, a resident of 1915 Main Street in Laredo, Texas, was
arrested on Saturday night under circumstances that were not explained by the Federal
agents. It is thought that the 46 grams of herain are only a sample that Carlos
Jasso Trevino was carrping to prove to a future customer the quality of his goods,
and that he has a large amount of this drug concealed in an unknown location. In
his desperation, the Laredo resident broke the glass in his cell and inflicted a
cut 15 centimeters long on his neck, in an attempt to slash his throat, but he did
not succeed. The questioning to which he will be sub~ected starting today will be
aimed at learning the identity of his.suppliers, as well as his customers; because
it is known that.there are many addicts of that drug on thia border. The Federal
Judicial Polire think that they are on the right path for finding even the ring-
leader of a drug trafficking� group which has many branches in the country and abraad.
- Carlos Jasso Trevtno will be the one to aupply valuable information for combating
these poisoners of the public health. [Text] [Nuevo Laredo EL MANANA in Spanish 21
Sep 81 Sec B p 6] 2909
CSO: 5330/50
2)
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IRAN
' MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SMUGGLING ROUTE TRACED
Tehran KEYHAN in Persian 16 Aug 81 p 12
'[Text] KEYHAN CITY SERVICE--The publie prosecutor of the Gonbad city-region
anti-drug court presented figuxes of the activities of the public prosecutor's
office and spoke about issues and difficulties stea~ing from the anti-drug
crusade in the region in an exclusive interview with KEYHAN. He also explained
the role of the Idol's system in turning villagers and farmers into addicts, and
how the feudalists have intensified this inhuman behavior and dragged the
villagers into exploitation.
Gholamhosseyn Jamali, public prosecutor of the anti-drug public p~osecutor's
office fur the Go,nbad city-region, concerning the activities of the Special
Anti-Drug Revolution Guards during the past four months, said: In four months,
through the efforts of the revolutionary brothers, m~re than 230m kilograms of
opium, 2.5 kilograms of heroin, 5 kg of opium-~uice, and great amounts of hashish,
snuff and foreign cigarettes were seized. In this connection we arrested 150
persons, most of whom were big dealers and fam~us drug smaugglers. Four persons
from this group were executed by order of the religious magistrate, sanctioned by
the Supreme Judicial Council. All together, we have about 100 drug-related
- prisoners at the moment.
How is Opium Juice Transported? `
T..ne special anti-drug prosecutor then spoke about the methods and helpers that
smugglers use to transport drugs, and said: Following the arrest of ~our drug
bax~ds, one of which was led by Qaderkhan, we ran into a band whose members were
all women. After necessary examination and investigation we found out that they,
working on an island, pour the cooked opium ~uice into a large cauZdron and soak
their clothes, particularly their undergarments, blankets and other similar items,
in it.
When the opium juice dries, they put on their impregnated clothes, and also
conceal the blankets among their gear. In thia way they tranaport the opium
~uice to various points. Concerning how the opium ~uice was retrieved from the
clothes, he added: It became clear that after they reach their destination, they
buil water in a large pot, and wash their clothes and things impregnated with
opium juice in it. Then they let the water boil off, and sell the opium ~uice
thus obtained.
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Interr.ational Smugglers Border Route
Gholamhosseyn Jamali then pointed to the border route which has been created by
s~ugglers between Esfahan and Anarak in the Kavir Desert, and said: The greater
part of drug smuggling is carried out by this route. Fam~us, international
smugglers move in caravans on this roAd, which has become known as the Smuggl.ers
' Border Route. They are equipped with all sorts of weapons, ammunitio~, car~
repair equipment, and camping equipment. If this border route were to be
controlled, the lifeline of the smugglers would be cut, and the crusade against
" smugglers could assume a more fundamental form.
Campaign Against Smuggling to Afghanistan's Soil
The revolution prosecutor of the anti-drug crusade, accompanied by Rostam
Hazzanzadeh, an interrogator from the prosecutor's office participating in this
interview, then went on to explain the situation of the crusade's programs and
the insufficiencies and needs of the office, and said: My brothers and I in the
special anti-drug revolution prosecutor's office of Gonbad, wiCh the smallest
resources at our disposal, have expended all our energies in the anti-drug
crusade and the identification and arrest of amugglers. Sometimes we have even
entered Afghanistan's soil to arrest a band. We have not the smallest fear of
death in our confrontation with smugglers, since we believe: Contrary to the
past hated regime whose goal was the exploitation of the deprived and tyrannized
people, the Islamic Republic of Iran is strongly struggling against exploitation
and bondage of the people. The goal of imperialism is to profit from the
deprived nations by addicting farmers and other workers of our country and
finally putting them under its power. But the Islamic Republic will push
imperialism's vile claws back onto its own filthy neck. He added: Due to the
special condition of the agricultural regiona of our country, the big landownera
and feudalists affiliated with the Shah's regime, guided by Ashraf, the Shah's
sister, the mother of corruption who was the prime mover of the heroin bands
throughout the country, addicted the farmera and villagers in order to subdue
them and then sucked the life-blood from them. He stated that the most important
districts targeted by the landowners and affiliated feudaliats were Gonbad,
Hamadan, 'Ali Abad, Kandal, Bo~nurd, Esfahan and then other cities.
If We Had Sufficient Resources!
Concerning ef.fective cooperation with the Special Aati-Drug Revolution Prosecutor's
Office, the public prosecutor said: The Galikesh Islamic Revolution Komiteh and
secondly the regional gendarmarie have cooperated effectively with the prosecntor's
office in the campaign against smugglers. I take this opportunity to thank the
Galikesh Revolution Guards and the officials of the regional gendarmarie for
their cooperation.
Gholamhosseyn Jamali, supervisor of the prosecutor's office, then pointed out how
drugs are transported in a wholesale and group fashi.on, and said: Just as I
have said before, if we have the neceseary resources, such as radios, vehicles
and sufficient personnel, we will surely close the Kavir border route created
between Esfahan and Anarak in one calculated action. Thus we will bring an end
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to the self-interest and reckl~ssness af smugglers who cause thousands of crimes
for their own material interests. ~If we have the resources that are at the
dis~osal of the revolution prosecutor's offices in the centers, we will generally
dry up the root of the drug problem in the region. When drugs from this region
do not reach Tehran, then the problem of the campaign against smuggling in Tehran
will be eliminated.
Gholamhosseyn Jamali in another part of his statement said: In this period we
have become acqnainted with all the techniques of the smugglers, and ~e know
their helpers, but our hands are tied.
Concerning the people's cooperation with the anti-smuggling campaign unit of
- this prosecutor's office, he said: The people's cooperation was extraordinary
and praiseworthy. However, there is a problem which has caused another difficulty
for us, which is the existence of addicts. They comprise about 70 percent of the
region's population. Fortunately, after the revolution's victory, due to the
attention officials gave this problem, this figure has decreased to 40 percent.
We hope that with the resources that we will receive from concerned officials
we will quickly be able to bring this figure to zero. '
R~volutionary and Islamic Actions of the Religious Magistrate
The revolution public prosecutor then suggested: If the country's borders are
closed by the Revolution Guards, the Moliilization and volunteer forces, and if
we can also put addicts to work in work camps, we will have chosen the best
possible solution for the problem of smuggling and addicts. Jamali, concerning
persons arrested by the strike force or those who have had their property
confiscated, said: By the examinations carried out by the religious magistrate
and the revolution prosecutor, "Javad 'Ali Akbariyan," a large number of prisoners
were freed and their confiscated property, most of which had been placed at the
- disposal of revolutionary bodies, was taken back and delivered to the owners. .
Jamali, in another portion of his statement concerning the methods of this
revolutionary movement, said: Because we became aware that a number of persons
have been arrested or have had their property confiscated for unfounded
reasons, we published an announcement and distributed it throughout the district.
We invited all persons having complaints against the anti-smuggling campaign
strike force to aubmit their complaints to the apecial prosecutor's office. We
then brought these complaints to the religious magistrate, and after requiaite
examination, the necessary actions were taken concerning these complaints.
_ The special anti-drug revolution prosecutor then pointed to the execution of
smugglers, and said: The sub~ect of the execution of smugglers has also become
another problem for us. When we arrest a smuggler with a record with a large
amount of drugs, and the religious magistrate issues his death sentence, this
sentence must be approved by the Supreme Judicial Council. As a result, after
sending this sentence for confirmation, it s~metimes takes two or three months for
us to receive ~n answer from the Supreme Judicial Council as to whether this
smuggler should be executed or not. Thfs causes problems for us, first of all
- because we do not have enough space, and secondly becaus~ the criminal is aware
of his death sen~ence and spends hie time in anticipation. For this very reason I
request the Supreme Judicial Council to permit us to quickly carry out the ~entences
of this group of criminals whose corruption has been establiahed in every respect
and whom have been given Islamic sentences by the religious magistrate.
9557
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IRAN
~
BRIEFS
OPIUM SEIZID--According to a report by the central news units fram Kerman, in an
armed clash which took place near the city of Jiroft between a brother from the anti-
narcotics squad of the Islamic Revolution guards corps of Zarand and smugglers and-
armed assailants, 50 kg of opium were seized from the smugglers. During this clash
one guard brother and one of the armed smugglers were wounded. [Text] [LD190557
Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 1030 GMT 18 Oct 81]
TABAS OPIUM SEIZURE--With the assistance of Tabas citizens, the Tabas Islamic
- Revolution guard corps has seized 850 grams of opium, 1 handgun, 2 rifles and an
amount of ammunition during the past week. (GF152023 Mashhad Domestic Service in
Persian 1430 GMT 15 Oct 81]
SHIRAZ HIItOIN SEIZURE--The Shiraz antidrug squad has arrested an Afghan, who was
the leader of a drug ring, and his Iranian accomplice and have seized 30 kg of
heroin. [GF152023 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian 1500 GMT 15 Oct 81]
CSO: 5300/5311
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~ SAUDI ARABIA
HEAD OF ANTI-NARCOTICS BUREAU DISCUSSES DRUG ADDICTION, ENFORCII~iENT MEASURES
Riyadh AL-YAMAMAH in Arabic 21 Aug 81 pp 16-21
[Interview W~th Ma~ Gen Jamil Muhammad al Mayman, director of the Anti-Narcotice
Bureau, by Idris al-Daris: "Narcotica Uae Is on the Rise;" date and place not
specified]
[Text] Psychology has so far been unable to explain man's relationship with narcotics.
You see...why doea man get involved with narcotics af any kind? Why does he want to
lose consc~ousness, even though intellect is God's gift to mankind and fle has singled
him out over all othex creatures? Does man search for the danger hidden in narcotics?
Does he search for pleasure, even though he knotirs tbat it is forbidden pleasure and
that it will only destroy him? Is it the mysterq and excitement that surround th~
~ world of drugs that man seeks? Then what is t6e eaplanation for the spread of
addiction on the international level? The use of narcotics tuday ~as become a world-
wide phenomenon. There was a picture on the cover of AL-TALMIZ, a few weeks ago,
showing a cocaine addict. It said that U.S. loses.~�� $4 billion each year on this
drug alone. '
The list of narcotics is long: hashish, opium, cocaine, heroin, mari~uana,
hallucinatory pills, and then liquor, all of which lead to the same thing, death.
Do you know what secrets surround this world of drugs? Where does the kingdom atand
among Arab nations and in the world in terms of u~sgey~ smuggling and diatribution?
This is what this interview attempts to anawer, in a frank conversation with the
director of the Public Anti-Narcotics Bureau, Ma~ Gen Jamil Muham~ad al-Mayman.
At the outset of his talk, he said something that was ~ust as true as it was serious:
that the use of atimulanta and narcotica was on the rise. However, this fact, which
comes from a top official, ahould not disturb ue, because there are sociological,
economic and cultural explanations. The question remains: What sec~et$ surround the
world of narcotica? Where are we in +the kingdom with regard to tliis hidden world?
This is what this interview will answer.
[Question] Regarding the kingdom's experience with narcotics, can we say that it
currently takes the form of phenomenon?.
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[Answer] Regrettably, the use of stimulating and narcotic pilla is on the rise. We
see this in more villages and cities of the kingdom. As for hashish and its deriva-
tives, such as opium and others, it is not used in the villages; in other words, only
rarely does it circulate among t'~e common people in villages or small towns.
[Question] Is this because we call haahish, opium and other things "comtemporary
narcotics?"
[Answer] Yes, we can call the~ that, in general, becauae of their use by the upper
class.
jQuestion] Is this because of their cost, their higher cost than pills, for example? .
[Answer] First, because of this higher cost, and aecond, because of the difficulty
in obtaining them and knowing their sourcea. Obtaining morphine, cocaine and the
others requires a specific social level to facilitate the acquisition of such drugs.
By comparison, there are easy ways to obtain pills because of course, there are more
possibilities of indulgence and collusion by pharmacy workere. Also, the use of pills
does not leave an odor, as does a hashiah cigarette, for instance. This makes it
easy for those who are weakwilled to use them, as opposed to hashish.
[Question] But don't laboratory tests ahow whether a person has used narcotic pills
and the like? ~
[Answer] Yes. Laboratory tests can determine that a person has used a narcotic
substance, through the analysis of atomach fluids and blood. Analysis showe if the
person has ingested alcohol or a narcotic aubstance.
[Question] Can we relate drug users to certain groups or cJ.assas?
[Answer] Yes, we can say that some drivers, apart from aome workers and students,
eagerly use pills of varioua types,etimulanta and narcotiCS, to give themselves,
as they claim, unnatural energy to make long drives and to produce at work, and also
to help students study on examination days. Of courae, theae pills have adverse
effects, since they ~3rain away man's energy and efforts during tfie period of their
use. Continuous addiction to them leads the user to health breakdowns and physical
collapse, in addition to such effects, as we see and hear, as psychological trauma,
poor concentration and oth~r negatine effects caused by the use of such drugs.
As for morphine and cocaine, which are taken by in~ection, we can say that they are
distributed in wealthy and aristocratic circles, that is, the upper class.
As for the common people or lower clase, they uae hashiah cigarettea.
_ If I emphasize that the drug phenomenon is on the increase over what it used to be,
I would not be remiss in saying that, due to the g+~idance of his royal highness the
minister of interior, his highnesa the deputy minieter of ~.nterior and t~e coacern
of all officials in the government, there are plans to combat all the various typea
of drugs and to attempt to curb the activities of smugglers and dealera. A modern,
- highly sensitive machine has been imported to detect all the various types of narcotics

� in travelers' baggage and in hidden places ia large vehicles, such ~s trucks and
refrigerated trucks. This machine will aid in accurately detecting narcotics in
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vehiclesand in homes. If a person has been arreated for posseasing a quantfty'of
_ drugs, then, naturally, the situation would require a search of his hame. In such a
_ case, he could have concealed the drug in places that would be difficult to find by
merely looking. This sensitive machine can help to find drugs by sending out certain
frequencies and through specific indicators.
Moreover, there is coordination with customs officers at the borders and at ports,
whether air, sea or land, to stop this malady. Thanks he to God, we have succeeded
recently in arrestin~ a number of travelers from certain countries who had in tb.eir
possession quantities of various drugs. Al.l of this is thanke to God and then Chanks
to the efforts and vigilance of border officials.
[Question] Do we know the reasons for the imcrease in the use and circulation of
_ narcotics?
[Answer] As we all know, the kingdom is presently experiencing rapid development
and enormous grow~-h. This necessitates bringing in large numbers of different
natioazalities to take part in this growth. This large n~ber of newcomex,~ undoubtedly
has among it smugglers or dealers in and users of narcotics. This in turn affects
the Saudi society, most assuredly. The mare society expands with multiforeign
= colonies, the more opportunity for increased influence and e.mulation. As evidence,
we do not see this phenomenon in small villages as we do in large cities.
Simplicity and continuity are found in the villages among the people of the community,
whereas we find liberalization of different ~ationalities in the cities, in t.erms
of divergent customs and differing value~, along with the el~ment of travel abroad.
This factor, in turn, undoubtedly influences some young people, who have a weakness
with respect to religioub inhibition, which could act as a barrier between tbem and
these perils.
[Question] ~he increased opportunity for druga to enter though the ports and borders...
which way affords the most opportunity for smuggling, and what means are used most?
[Answer] The opportunity for bringing in narcotics overland is increasing the most,
primarily hy means of large trucks and refrigerated trucks. This is undoubtedly due
to the opportunity for shipping drugs via large and refrigerated trucks, which are
filled with fruits, vegetables and assorted other goods and which come in large
numbers, inr_reasing the difficulty of inspecting them by the most desirable and
thorough methods. From now on, however, with the~modern and sensitive machine, it
_ will be easier to inspect them, since it ie sufficient for thia machine to make one
pass over the sides of these trucks to provide poaitive indication of the presence
of various things such as druga. In addition, there are the efforts of tfie customs
personnel who work in the ports and who have appropriate experience and excellent
training, enabling them to detect mo~t of the attempta lnade in this regard.
jQuestionJ At what age is the use of drugs most intenae, and what is your point of
view reg-:irding the motives that compel a person to use narcotics?
[Answer~ One cannot set a specific age far a user, but statiatics and studies indicate
that the majocity of drug users fall between 18 and 40. However, this is not hard and
fast. We find men who are over 40 or who are under 18 who nenertheless use it or deal
in it. In any event, they are a small percentage.
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[Question] How are investigations conducted to arrest narcotics dealers or users
of various types?
[Answer] The truth is that the bureau is active in imiestigations to uncover drug
sourCes and dealers. In this regard, ~re have special ways through which we are--and
God willing we shall--putting and end to thc. sources of dru~ dealing in ev~ry province
of the kingdom. We have a large section of experts working in the bureau, apart from
_ the citizens who cooperate with us and who have volunteered to lead us to every drug
dealer or user. In this connection, the Anti-Narcotics Bureau, at the direction of
the Ministry of the Interior, pays a very generous reward to any citizen or resident
who cooperates with the bureau in uncovering a drug dealer. As evidence of that, the
bureau, neariy 6 months ago, paid out SR 400,000 as a rewar.d to one cooperating
citizen when he led us to a group selling druga. The group was caught redhanded,
_ in possession of large commercial amowite of narcotics. The government, in the person
- of the Ministry of the Interior, is very interested in the assistance of citizens who
cooperate with the bureau. I frankly feel that fighting narcotics, whether officially
with the officers, men and officials, or through the cooperation of citizens, should
be considered a holy war and divine service, since we are fighting those who are
trying to undermine our beliefs and kill our young people by dealing in and spreading
these poisonous, lethal sicknesses that kill any society they attack through the
narcotization of its youth. This belief is based on a religious and social view.
Therefore, I find this a suitable opportunity to call on all citizens to stand together
- and to cooperate in rooting out this dieastrous disease.. They ahould rush to the
narcotics bureau's branch offices or to police stations, or elsewhere, to help us
find anyone who is trying to spread thia disease in our Islamic society. The Prophet
says: "Those who appear ab~minable in your sight, they shall be changed by hand.
If this cannot be done, then by tongue." In other words, we should demand an end to
this by our hands, which fs the mission of the bureau's pexsonnel, or by our tongues,
which is the mission of all of us, as citizens and res,ponsihle peraons.
jQuestion] According to our information, the first specialized anti-narcotics group
in the kingdom was established 20 yeare ago, within Che public investigations force,
and was composed of 2 men. Now, we see that this nucleus has grown and has evolved
into a separate bureau with branches in all the provinces. Have your methods developed
similarly?
[Answer] First, I would like to say that the bureau has expanded, until it now has
38 branches throughout the kingdom. The bureau is in the process of improving these
branch offices and opening the largest possible number of centers throughout the
_ kingdom's cities and villages. We are trying to concentrate our efforts on the
ports (land, sea and air) and on the borders. Qur efforta will also be concentrated
on eradicating smuggling and dealing, because to etop smuggling means to stop
distribution or sale. Putting an end to these two basic elements would mean that we
would stop the use of narcotics.
We in the bureau and its branch officea number no less than 100 offices including some
graduates of the Internal Security Forces College and some others who have studied
- in America, including those who have apecialized in t~e study of narcotics. This is
apart from numerous officials and personnel who have taken courses in advanced
countries, and in some of the Arab statea, in anti-narcotics methods.
[Question] Where does the kingdom stand relative to the Arab nations and the world
in terms of the size and influence of the narcotica problem?
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[Answer] The fact is that the kingdom cannot be measured against or compared with
some ~f the Arab gtates or other nations of the world. We are still fortunate; thanks
_ be to God. I have conceded that this problem exista 4r, rather, that is regrettably
increasing. But the size of our problem cannot be compared with any other neighboring
Arab state, such as Lebanon, Syria or even Jordan. We are trying, intensively, to curb
and eradicate Chis phenomenon before it gets out o� control.
[Question] Where do you think the responsibility lies for young people using drugs--
with the home, school ox society? Or is it a physical impulse, stemming from perverted
persons entering tlze countrp and youths traveling abroad and becoming exp~sed to
corrupt sacieties? Or is it all of these factora combined?
- [AnswerJ The fact is that these factors all combirte to share in the responsibility
- for some people using narcotics. Y think that the home plays the ma~or rale in
guiding children, that is, those who are their guardians, raiae and supervise them
and take care to keep them from bad campaniona or corrupt persons who might influence
them. I am reminded of a typical case about a man who lives here in Riyadh. He is
a high-ranking person, with social standing. But he also has a considerable conscience.
This father brought his son to the bureau and turned him in, after he caught his son
using pills. He said that he had advised him more than once to kick this habit, but
that he had failed. Because he cared for hie son, he was afriad that he a~.d his
future would be damaged by those pills; as a result of their negative effects on one's
health and mind. His only course was to hand him over to the bureau of narcotics for
treatment and deliverance from this disease. This case proves that the father had a
conscience and understood his responsibility. We auccessfully treated his son; he
is on the right path and, praise God, has kicked the habit. He has returned, as we
hoped, to being a we11-adjusted young man, sharing in service to aociety.
[Question] But when someone like this son becomes involved and is arrested by the
narcotics bureau, instead of being turned in by ~is father, would there be a specific
punishment for him? '
[Answer] Undoubtedly, such a youth would be puniehed. Aowever, there are provisions
covering students and young people who have no p~evious records and have only become
involved under the influence of specific circumstances. This allows for an attempt
to straighten them out and guide them away from the dangers resultf.ng from damage'
to their health, minds and nervous systems. Therefore, we have special methods for
dealing with penalties for those who fall in these categories.
[Question] What if someone involved with drugs turned himself in to your bureau,
without advice from anyone (after becoming aware that it was wrong)?. Would a lesser
degree of punishment be inflicted?
[Answer] If it happened that someone (and this has not occurred) came to the
- narcotics bureau and turned himself in, after convincing himself that using drugs
was wrong, in such a case we would send him to a specialized hospital for treatment,
until he was cured, if he was an addict. In this case, he would not Ue punished.
jQuestion] But you would interrogate him about the source of his drugs?
[Answex] Of courae. i~e would try as mu~h as possible to influence him psychologically,
so that ultimately he could lead us to hia supplier. In many cases, we reach an
agreement with him. We release him, so thaC he can assist us in arresting the seller
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and dealer redhanded, because ultimately we and he are working for the good of society
generally, especially since he has repented of his deed and hae become a good member
of society.
[Question] But can we know the way in which the ane involved in or using drugA i~
interrogated? Can it be described as harsh, for instance?
- [Answer] Never. We have instructions preventing the use of force ox violence with
people involved as users. Be asaured that we do not strike nor endanger a person
who is a user. However, as I said, we have special methods and ~ays in this regard.
For example, if a person were arrested in possession of forbidden pill~ ar hashish
for the purpose of using it, at that time we would try to persuade him that these
pills or hashish are in3urious to his health, brain and psyche, and generally to
_ his entire future as a young man with aspirations and goals in lite. We would
persuade him that the person who helped him obtain these forbidden items was an
enemy of the society in which he lives. We would let him know about the punishment .
that would be inflicted on him, as a result of his use of druge, and then ask him to
cooperate with us by leading us to this dealer and helping us to arrest him, for,this
would insure that his prescribed sentence would be reduced.
[Question~ The drug addict is, in our view, more of a sick person than a criminal.
What are the means of treatment available to hiin, aud do you participate in his
treatment, or is this the responsibility of other authori.ties?
[Ansurer] At present, this is considered the responsibility of the Ministry of Health,
because of its specialized psychological and medical clinics, which study addicts or
users and treat them. So far, the bureau does not have sanatariums to treat addicts.
There is some serious thought about establishing snch sanatariums, at the present
time or in the near future.
[Question] Good. With respect to most of the treatment for these addicts, do you
think the treatment is good, and does it help the addict get out from under his
addiction forever?
[Answer] From the information ava3lable to me, I can report that the ho~