JPRS ID: 10158 WEST EUROPE REPORT

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• Document Page Count: 49
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 12
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10158
- 3 December 1981 .
_ West Euro e Re ort
p p
- cFOUO ssis>>
Fg~$ ~OREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SER~OICE
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JPRS L/10158
3 December 1981
WEST EURO~E REPORT
(~'OUO 63/81)
CONTENTS
TERRORISM
FEDER.AL REPUBLIC OP' GERMANY
- Arrest of Neonazis Reveals International Collaboration
(Rupp Doined, Tyll Schoenemann; STERN; 29 Oct 81) ,........A.. 1
ENERGY ECONOMICS
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Petroleum Industry To Dismantle or Modernize Refineries
~ (Hans-;Josef Joest; CAPITAI,, Oct 81) 5
POLITICAL
~ INTBRNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SoviPt Peace Movement Ties; 17isinformation Activities
(Philippe Krasnopolski; VAI.EURS ACTUELLES, 19-25 Oct 81)...... 7
Ef'fects o~ German Pacifism on Alliance, France
(VAI,EURS ACTUELLES, 19-25 Oct 81) 10
_ I TALY
PSDI's Longo on Future Alliance With PSI
(Pietro Longo Interview; IL MONDO, 16 Oct 81) 12
Opinion Poll on PSI Craxi's Strategy, Popularity
(Bruna Bellonzi, Roberto Ippolito; IL MONDO, 30 Oct 81) 17
- a- [ I~I - WE - 150 Ft~UO]
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Daily Press Listing by Political Pressure Group Control
(Vittorio Borelli, et al.; II, MONDO, 30 Oct 81) 23 .
GENERAL
I TALY
Profile o~ Dnerg~ng DC Leader Quarta in Puglia
(Paolo Passaxini; IL MONDO, 16 Oct 81) 43
- b -
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TERRORISM FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
ARREST OF NEONAZIS REVEALS INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
Hamburg STERN in German 29 Oct 81 pp 20, 27-28, 32
/Report by Rupp Doinet and Tyll Schoenemann: "Our Hour Ha~ Struck"/
_ /Text/ German neonazis aim to destroy the state. They have
allied themselves with right radical groups in France and Bel-
gium. From them they obtain weapons, money and training. The '
Munich terrorists also lived in Paris before their planned
crime. Is an international wave of right terrorism iffininent?
The white Citroen GS travels from France toward the German border post. At the
wheel a young Frenchman, Pascal Coletta from Paris. Passengers in the car are four
young Germans, hair cut short.in the military style. The five are allowed to pro-
ceed without closer inspection.
They are unaware that they are expected. Nor do they notice that they are being
followed from this point on. Officers from the Cologne Federal Office for the Pro-
tection of the Constitution (Rf"V) in unmarked radio cars shadow them in turn--all
the way to Munich.
In the Munich suburb of Neubiberg the white Citroen stops in the courtyard of the
building at Brunhildenstrasse 23. One of th~ rings the bell marked "Druckerei und
Verlag Friedt~elm Busse" /Printing Shop and Publishing House Friedhelm Suase/.
Among his neighbors Herr Busse enjoys the reputation of being a quiet tenant. On
the odd occasion when he starts up his printing press in the garage at night, he
apologizes: "I am printing romantic novels. It is a rush order." That particular
evening, Tuesday last week, a rather lengthy conference is taking place in printer
Busse's living room with the people from the white Citroen. Shortly after
20.00 hours the guesta load up their car, take their leave and drive off.
Both the meeting and the loading operation are observed from beginning to end by
the SEK /special unit/ of the Munich Police. The code name of the operation is
"Bavaria." Eight officers in two armored and heavy BMW limouaines pursue the
white Citroen for two kilometers through the residential diatrict. At the wide
Putzbrunner Strasse one of the BMW's overtakes the French car. The stop sign
is extended from the window. The Citroen driver tries to ram the police car. At
that moment the other BMW turns up, puahes the Citroen to the side and stops. The
eight SEK officers jump from the car. They are armed with automatica and wear
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bulletproof vests. The five occupant$ of the car alowly emergen two being--~with
some hesitation--to raise their hands. At tha~ very moment someo n e throws a hand
grenade. It explodes under the Citroen. Shots follow. The police shoot back.
' Seconds later the uproar is at an end, On the pavement lie two dead, two seriously
injur~d, one of them a policeman.
From the white Citroen the police extract seven hand grenades F1 of Soviet origin,
three automatica, one Smith & Wesson gun, a rifle and a shotgun with a sawn-of~
tiarrel, smoke bombs, tear gas and a~unition.
Three quarters of an hour later criminal police officers carry eleven atrips of ex-
plosive and several boxes of a~nunition from printer Buss~'s garage. Busse, the
host of the shooting quintet, is arrested as the leader of a right radical terror
association.
By that time two of his young comradea-at-arms had already died in hospital: Kurt
Eduard Wolfgram, 21, and Klaus Ludwig Uhl, 24. Peter Fabel, 18, lies in the inten-
sive care unit. Peter Hamberger, also 18, and Frenchman Pascal Coletta, 19, are in
jail. The following day the investigating judge at the Federal High Court issues
an arrest order for them and Busse, for membership in a terrorist association.
The coup at Munich brings evidence that the Nazi terrorists have long enjoyed the
aid aiid assistance of political friends in France and Belgium. There they find
money, weapons, training and hiding places.
The wirepuller of the right terror international is 52-year old printer Friedhelm
Busse. In the guise of a decent citi~en he ia really the head of the Popular
Socialist Movement of Germany/Party of Labor (VSBD). Busse comes from the Ruhr.
In Bochum, during the 1960's, he joined the "Reaistance Action" and later the
NPD /National Democratic Party of GermanYi In 1970 he was their top candidate in
North Rhine-Westphalia's Bundestag election.
However, he considered the NPD too soft and proceeded to establish his own party,
the VSBD. In 1974 he moved to Munich. He published brochurea on racial hygiene,
blood and soil. He celebrated Adolf Hatler as an "outatanding historical figure."
B~:sse's aim: "The establishment of the first radical-democratic and anti-imperial-
ist state on German soil."
He intended to achieve by violence that which he and hia party failed to achieve in
elections. Later he lectured to the terroriat "Hoffmann Military Sports Group."
At the funeral of his follower ~~rank Schubert who had kilYed a Swiss cuatoms offi-
~ cer and a policeman in December 1980, aubaequently ahooting himself, Busse said�
"We must revenge ourselves, break the powers that be. We must be ready to die, to
save our honor. We must hate our foes juat as they hate us. The atorm will be
_ ra~ing until, eventually, the Reich rises anew."
For this storm Busse sought alliea in Belgium and France. He found them in the
Order of Flemish Militants (VMO) and the European~Federation of National Action
(FANE).
In August 1980 Busse follower Klaus Ludwig Uhl took refuge with FANE in Paris.
This z4-year old tax counsel trainee from the wine village of Weyher near Landau
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(Palatinate) had already put up Hitler picturea on the walls of his room while at-
tending secondary school.
Toward the end of 1979 Uhl was sentenced to 2 years in prison for incitement to riot
~ and Nazi propaganda. Before proceedings began at the appeals court, he fled to
France. .
In exile he became a key figure on the right terror scene. His cover name in Paris
was "Bormann"--the name of Hitler's deputy. Uhl/Bormann posed as the "head of the
- propaganda echelon" of a"NSDAP" domiciled in America and used the pseudonym
"Werdorf" to write for the VOELKISCHE BEOBACHTER, a neonazi hate magazine which was
smuggled from France to Germany. From Paria he entered into contacts with the
Hoffmann Military Sports Group and organized military exercises in the ~?rdenne
forests. Moreover he founded right radical "werewolf platoons" in Auatria and the
Federal Republic.
Neonazi Uhl negotiated with repreaentatives of the American Ku Klux Klan, with
Spanish fascists and the VMO regarding a worldwide right alliance of action. His
target was "the march on Germany." It was Uhl who recruited Pascal Coletta, 19,
FANE member, to drive the Citroen.
On Monday of last week l~azi internationalist Uhl was classified as an "exceptional-
ly dangerous extremist" at a situation conference on internal security in Bonn's
interior ministry.
The discussion paper in Bonn was an anlysis by the Cologne BfV. The experts sum-
marized the situation as follows: "At no time in past decades were relations be-
tween German neonazis and their political friends abroad so intensive as now. At
- this time we are quite justified in speaking of international neonazism." At many
meetings of right terrorists at home and abroad "weapons, ammunition and explo-
sive procurement and the planning of attacks" are said "to have been diacussed."
Klaus Ltidwig Uhl and Kurt Eduard Wolfgsam, 21, the two dead "popular socialists"
of Munich, are accused by the federal prosecutor's office of having operated already
a month ago--to get money. On 23 September 1981 the two are a~leged to have at-
tacked the branch of the Nassau Savinga Bank in Rennerod (Westerwald). Their lonz:
DM72,000.
The police ascertained that the Rennerod savings bank was to be the target of the
Munich quartet once again. As far back as 11 August last two heavily armed men
t~ad attacked the district savings bank in Neuenstadt near Heilbronn and carried off
DM90,110. The police believe ro recognize Klaus Ludwig Uhl as one of the attackers
from the photographs taken by the automatic camera inatalled in the lobby of the
savings bank.
Peter Hamberger, 18, arrested in Munich, was a member of the Hoffmann Military
Sports Group. Last year, after the attack on the Munich Octoberfest, he and his
_ chief Hof�mann went to ground in the PLO camp "Bir Hasean" in Lebanon. Last spring
he fted from there, gave himself up to the German authorities and incriminated
- Hoffmann. Thereupon he was discharged. The judge impoaed aeveral conditions, one
- of them being avoidance of contacts with right radicals.
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Hamberger got a joh as an unskilled laborer w~th Nazi printer Busse. An ideal em-
ployer with the very best contacts in'Belgium, Hamberger used them to go under-
ground. In Antwerp he quickiy found friends among the faseist VMO. Their legder,
Bert Erikson, welcomed hi~ to his headquarters, the "Cafe Odal." The slogan of
Hitler fan Eriksori: "We must walk on corpses if we want to Iiberate Flanders."
Hamberger h~d himself phor_ographed with Flemish comrades on military sports exer-
cises in the Ardennes.
A few hours before the shots in Munich a bomb exploded in Antwerp's Jewish quarter,
in front of the diamond bourse. The bomb had been hidden in a car. ~ao people
died, a hundred were injured. Shortly thereafter a neonazi organization, the
"Action Directe," ~laimed responsibility.
Thursday of last week the Belgian antiterrorist unit Dian~ struck in Ghent and ar-
rested four German right extremists. '�hree of them were sought per international
arrest order by the federal German prosecutor general: The couple Klaus and Kristin
Hewicker and Ernst Balke, 38, from Celle. Allegati~n: Membership in a criminal
association. The Bxemen prosecutor's o~fice sought the fourth man, Gerard Toepfer,
25, for incitement to riot.
The qu,artet had crossed the Belgian border from France at Lille. The Belgian~auth-
orities had been alerted by their French colleagues and pursued the Germans to
Ghent by way of Antwerp. The four took up quarters in the home of a right radical
in the suburb of Sint Martens. When the police stormed their hiding place, they
found rifles with silencers, blank drivers licenses and blank passports. They also
discovered more proof of international neonazi collaboration: Notebooks with con-
tact addresses of fascists in France, Belgium, Spain and Ireland.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Gruner + Jahr AG & Co.
11698
CSO: 3103/85
~4
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ENERGY ECONOMICS FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY TO DISMANTLE OR MODERNIZE REFINERIES
H.imburg CAPITAL in German Oct 81 pp 14-15
[Article by Hans-Josef Joest: "When the Flame Goes Down"]
[Text] Esso chief Wolfgang Oehme finds that the advertising slogan used by his
company is catching up to him. "There is a lot to do. Let's get down to work."
According to Oehme's oracle the petroleum industry is facing a shrinking process
"that this industry has never seen before." As homeowners throttle their oil tanks
and companies abandon heavy oil and go over to coal, the 31 German refineries are
- working at their minimum technical capacity. Therefore the Esso chief wants the
scrap metal collectors to take over. "About one-third of our refining capacity is
no longer needed."
There are two trends making the situation tight for Qil companieg: A decrease in
consumption, and obsolete equipment. Last year petroleum sales decreased 11.4 percent
to 118 million tons. The refineries, however, are designed for 150 million tons of
crude oil. In addition the refiner~es which are technically not up to date turn out
products which are not in demand. Instead of producing sought-after gasoline (sales
plus 1.8 percent) they concentrate on yesterday's demands and supply light heating
oil which is diffic~xlt to sell (17.6 percent drop in sales) and heavy oil (minus
9.3 percent).
It is obvio~is that the oil magnates lack foresight and therefore do not like to talk
. about these facts. Ttie bill is being paid by the consumer at the filling station.
1'he large petroleum companies strain his pocketbook in order to be able to sell their
products which are difficult to sell, particularly heavy oil, at dirt-cheap prices.
- An insider concedes that "the bestsellers have to support the sickly products."
Improved calcula*_ions will not be possible until tfie processing capacity is drastically
reduced, A smaller number of modernized refir_eries warking at full capacity will
enable the oil companies to again defend themselves in price competition on the market
which continues to dwindle.
For the time being, however, study groups in the management echelons of the oil
companies are selectin~ the plants to be modernized, reduced in operation, or dis-
c~ntinued. Only those refineries will remain unaffected that produce special products,
e.K., bitumen, an insulating medium, or greasing agents, as Oelwerke J. Schindler
GmbH, Hamburg, a BP subsidiary.
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The investment plans reveal which ref:neries are given a chance to survive by oil
magnates. As early as 5 years ago, Shell, Veba Oel and Wintershall already had
plans of highly modern cracking plants on their shelves, so-called hydrocrackers.
These plants crack hard-to-sell heavy oil and convert it into gasoline which is in
high demand. At that time, however, only Wintershall AG, a BASF subsidiary, ventured
to go through with this costly investment and has since been operating Germany's most
modern refinery in Lingen. Now, 5 years later, Messrs Vel~a Oel, Gelsenkirchen,
and Shell, Cologne-Godorf, are following suit. Cracking plants of this type for heavy
oil residues also give the planners an idea o� the size which even modern refineries
must shrink down to. In the future, the refineries are to process only as much crude
oil as the cracking plants are capable of cracking down to sought-after gasoline. Then
no heavy oil would have to be subsidized by car drivers. Experts calculate that almost
20 tons of crude-oil capacity wi11 be eliminated in refineries with cracking plants.
Those refineries which supply mostly chemical companies with their products also have
- a chance to survive, e.g., Deutsche Marathon Petroleum GmbH, Burghausen. Their future
will only be secured, however, if the plastics producers co-own the refineries, e.g.,
- BASF which has an interest in the Mannheim GmbH crude oil refinery through Wintershall,
or Hoechst with its interest in the Union Rheinishche Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG,
Wesseling. The best example for this theory is the uncertainty of the fate of the
Raunheim Caltex Refinery owned by the Deutsche Texaco AG and the Chevron Erdoel Deu~-
schland GmbH. Up to the present it supplied Hoechst with refinery products, but the
agreement is about to expire, and Hoechst's demand can be filled by its Wesseling
subsidiary. Caltex has already announced a reduction in its capacity by one-third.
Finally, problems of location make the discontinuation of 9 plants with a total of more
than 30 miliion tons of volume a difficult undertaking. Large corporations require
sales networks which cover large areas. Small suppliers must retain at least one
refinery in order to exchange gasoline for otY:er areas. Old plants cannot be shut
do~an until these cooperation agreements have been concluded. The oil companies are
not worried about their employees finding other jobs, however. Refiner;� workers are
highly qualified specialists and can be utilized in the chemical plants of the multi-
national oil companies, like the workers of the Cologne Esso refinery ~vhich is about
to be shut down. Other oil companies have ambi~tious plans for former refinery workers
- of theirs: They will~be employed in the refineries converting coal into gasoline.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Gruner + Jahr AG & Co
9544
CSO: 31a3/42
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POLITICAL INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SOVIET PEACE MGVEMENT TIES; DISINFORMATION ACTIVITIES
Paris VALEURS ACTUELLES in FrenCh 19-25 Oct 81 pp 54-55
[Article by Pt.ilippe Krasnopolski: "The KGB's Pigeons. How t'L~e Saviets Are
Operating in Disguise in Europe. By Manipulating the Respectable Peace Movements
Animated by Christian or Youth Organizations"]
[Text) "The pacifist movement...is regaining strength and sgreading especially in the
countries of Western Europe. What are the reasons for this? Cn one hand, the people
are greatly pre occupied with American poliY.ics; on the other hand, the pacifist
= initiatives of the socialist countries have had their effect. The diverse political
forces have joined the pacifist movement: the communist parties, the major sectors of
social democracy and of the ecology move~r~ent."
Mr ~3oris Ponomarev, member of the Soviet Communist Party Politburo and head of the
"international relations" section, is drawing up this report in the October issue of
' the "New International Review," one of the communist mwement's theoretical publications.
It is also a balance sheet. A year ago, on 28 September 1980, the World Council for
Peace decided to organize a widespread campaign against rearmament of NATO members and
ag~inst the emplacement of the American Persh~ng 2 rockets in Europe.
This World Council has its headquatters in Sofia, Bulgaria. It is an organization
of ~be~ience to the Soviet Union. In France, it is xepresented by the Movement for
- Peace, whose secretary general, Mr Michel Langignon, is a member of the Communist Party.
Mr Pon anarev can appreciate the work it has accanplished: Three hundred thousand
- demonstrators "for peace and disarmament" in Bonn on 10 October. Last April, there
had been o~ly 25,OOG protesting against the NATO sessions in the capital of the Federal
Republic.
_ Other demonstrations are anticipated: in London on 24 October; in Brussels and Paris
on the 25th; at the Hague the following matth.
"The struggles waged by the pacifist foroes of WEStern Europe are converging,"
affirms the daily L'HUMANITE.
The culmination of the campaign will be a great internatiaial demonstration in Brussels
on 6 Decembe r, the eve of the IVATO council meeting .
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In Germany, t!-,e agents of the Soviet Union are mr~ving about in disguise. At the
s~urce of the assembly were two pacifist organizatians with Christian tendencies: the
"Expiation Action" and the "Action Movement ir the Service of Peace." ~n reality, the
idea for this demonstration belonged to a Dutch organization,- "End the N Boanb," created
in 1977 at the Netherlands' initiative and headed by the International Relations offioe
o~t the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee.
The decision for this was, nevertheless, made in Hamburg on 20 June during Kirchentag,
at the synod of the German Evangelical Church, after the first demonstration had
brought ~ogether 80,000 people in the city streets.
On 24 August, the plan received the blessing of the central committee of the Ecumenical
Council of Churches which met in Dresden in the GDR, and that of Mr Erich Honecker,
East Germany's head of state.
ThQ small communist party (DKP] of the Federal Republic of Ger~nany thus placed its
men.
One of the organizers of the 10 October demonstration is a certain Fritz Teppich.
He has already been at the forefront of the disturbances against General Haig's visit
to Berlin on 13 September. In the sixties, Mr Teppich activated the German leftist
. mavemert within the Apo, the extra-parliamentary opposition.
Previously, he lived in East Berlin, where he w~s working for the western division of
SED, the Communist Party of East Germany, before becani.ng wrrespondent for ADN, the
GUR's news agency, in the city's western sector. There he belonged to SEW, the SED's
western branch. But he so on left the mwement (after a falling out with its head) to
rejoin the pacifists.
Another communist infiltrator is Mr Achim Maske, presently the secretary general of the
_ Ccmmittee for Peace, Disarmament and Detente. He is a former director of the communist
group, Spartakus.
- A report of the Bundesverfassungsschutz, the offioe to protect the Constitution (the
DST [Directorate of Territorial Surveillance] of the Federal German Republic) , was for-
- warded to Mr Schmidt. It reveals this communist infiltration of the pacifist mavements.
According to this regort, the European communists will be drawing up a 3-year plan
of action against the NATO reartr~ament, with 1981 being the first pl~ase.
_ For the first 6 months of 1982, this plan would provide fo: direct action against
military installations in the NATO cc~untries, such as taking aver the barracks. On 5
August 1982 (the eve of the anniversary of Hiroshima), demonstrations would take
place in all of Western Europe, acccmpanied by hunger strikes. At Christmas, the
_ churches would be occupied.
In January 1983, the pacifists would call for civil disobedience (refusal to pay taxes,
etc.); strikes against industry would be launched. Finally, again in August, on the
6th, there would be new mass dem onstrations. The Pershing rockets are due to be
installed in Europe in 1983.
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The report likewise sheds new light on last February's publication in the weekly
STERN of a map shaaing the site of Ameri.can nuclear missile installations in the
Federal Republic of Germany. This document had been furnished to the journal by the
BBU [expansion unknawn] , an ecology movement, which itself proceeded from the Can-
munist Party of the FRG.
These documents were furnished by Section A of the KGB, the famous "disinformation"
_ department. Thus, in June 1980, a"Pentagon document" began to be circulated in
Great Britain, showing the American atanic w~eapon targets in the Swiet Union and the
Warsaw Pact countries. But it also included the ones in the neutral oountries and
even NATO members (in the case of Russian occupation) . This document arrived in the
Netherlands the follawing December, Today it is being circulated among the Scandi-
navian countries. A"pacifist" majority was elected to the Hague last May.
Photo Captions
1. p. 54. Mr Egcr~ Bahr. One of the only German political f.igures, along with Mr
- Willy Brandt, to receive praise from PRAVDA.
2. p. 55. The arguments of German pacifism are summarized in the text of this
poster: "Bill for the FGR. Items delivered: packaqes of food, Marshall Plan, Star-
fighters. Paid to date: loyalty to the alliance, military bases. Balance due:
_ battlefield."
COPYRIGHT: 1981 "Valeurs actuelles"
9475
CSO: 3100/67
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POLITICAL INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
EFFECTS OF GEF2MAN PACIFISM GN ALLIANCE, FRANCE
Paris VALEURS ACTUELLES in French 19-25 Oct S1 p 53
[Article: "Disarmament at a Distance; Mr Brezhnev Did Enough By Deplaying His SS 20
Missiles for '.German Pacifism' To Develop"]
[Text~ "There is no greater art," said the Chinese philosapher Sun Tsu, "than to dPStroy
the enemy's resistance without fighting on his territory." The deployment of Soviet
SS 20 missiles (directed exclusively against Western Europe) is already achieving its
~ objective: disarmament at a distance. In a few months, Chancellor Schmidt's capacity
for resistance will be known. But part of his public opinion has been won: "Better
red than dead," stressed the demonstrators in Bonn, following those in Berlin.
The Federal Republic of Germany is nevertheless the country which has received 15
million witnesses: the refugees of occugied Europe. The Communist Party has no
~ representation there; even access to public office is forbidden to its members.
The goals of Soviet foreign policy in Europe are at the same time permanent and
immediate. They date f rom the Potsdam Cor~ference (August 1945) which was aimed at
dismembering and disarming Germany. General Gehlen, who was the head of the German
secret service, recalled in his Memoirs 10 years aqo: "The disintegration of the
Western alliance and the subversion of the Federal Republic are two complementary
aspects of the same Soviet strategy."
At present, it is a matter of slowing down the installation of the Pershing rockets
and NATO cruise missiles, capable of restoring to Europe an equi].ibrium of nuclear
forces which has been endangered by the use of the movable laanch pads of the Soviet
SS 20 rockets for 2 years.
Because of the range and precision of these nuclear missiles, added to that of their
~ Backfire bombers, the Russians could aim at Western Europe and neutralize its prin-
cipal means of defense--on condition that neither the Pershing nor the cruise missiles
are deployed in Germany and elsewhere, since that would force the Soviets to reckon
not only with the Europeans but also the Americans. This is the reason for the present
Soviet activism toward preventing this emplacement.
_ The policy of detente, the departure of Mr Nixon, and the weakness of Mr Carter have
allawed Mr Brezhnev to make up for his strategic delay. He is in the position of
daninating his rival. This superiority will be gained in 1985, i.e. in littie over
3 years. But not for loqq, because Mr Reagan is authorizing a formidable recovery
effort in putting 180 billion more dollars into American defense aver the next 5 years.
Mr Brezhnev therefore is hoping to stall for time.
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In G~rmany he depends on two levers.. One is the Left~s neo-nationalism: it is in the
- name of "German national interest," of "patriotism," that the spokesmen of the pacifist
demonstration have expressed themselves. By treating the American atmy as the
"occupier," Mr Egon Bahr (founder of 05tpolitik) makes himself understood.
The other lever is the Poli~h crisis. That poses many disadvantages for the Soviet
system (especially the risk of spreading), but by not intervening for a year in
Warsaw, the Kremlin let the German Leftists spread the idea that the "Polish renaissance"
would show the possibility of a"liberated" socialism, "managing itself" in the East.
"France is not confusing pacifism ~aith peace," said Mr Mitterrand on 24 September.
- He cannot deny that France will not be spared the campaign being waged in Germany,
just as it would beco~ne involved in any armed aggression against Germany.
Photo Caption
1. p 53. Mr Ehrard ~ppler. "In the Pershing matter, German national interest is
identical to Moscow's."
COPYRIGHT: 1981 "Valeurs actuelles"
- 9475
CSO: 3100/67
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, ~ ,
PULITICAL ITAI'Y
i
!
- PSD1'S LONGO ON FUTURE ALLIANCE WITH PSI
Mil;in Il. MONDO in I~alian 16 Oct 81 pp 23-25
~Interview with Pietro Longo, secretary of the PSDI [Italian Social Democratic
~Party~, by Donato SpProni: Pietro Longo Speaks: United with the PSI [Italian
Socialist Party] Against the DC [Christian Democratic Party]"]
~ ~Text] His mos~ recent exploit was last week, when he refused to budge from the
position that the governing majority should put to the vote a joint foreign
policy bill, thus heading off at its inception a looming convergence between
socialists and communists. During the same week, he praised to the highest the
work of Giovanni Spadolini but he also took the government~to task, harshly
- criticizing Minister Rino Formica's tax proposals. In sum, PDSI Secretary Pietro
- Longo continues being a dark horse and a threat even to his allies. Why and with
what strategy in mind? IL MONDO put these questions to Longo himstlf.
~(~ues[ion] Your role in Italian politics is being likened to that of a priva-
teer. One is never certain where and when you will attack next. Eve:.~ the
governments being supported by your party never feel secure in that respect. Why
� this behavior?
[Answer.~ Uo we convey that impression? We may at times lack the necessary
subtleties of style or adroitness of maneuver. But from the standpoint of basic
substance, we have never been wrong. If anything, it is the others who are now
coming round to the viewpoints of the social democrats.
~Question] With respect to this government, you started out by immediately
attacking Spadolini in depth. Now, you have changed tone. Why'?
LAnswer] 1 am convinced [hat our first laic government must be characterized
by determina~ive ~ction. Spadolini should not be mediating between social groups
li.ke his Christian democratic predecessors. In the beginning, I had the impres-
si.on that. he was becomin~ involved in too many mediations.
~question~ And now'?
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[Answer] It appear.s to me that our proddings have been useful. This is the
reason for the great satisfaction I have expressed recently and in my meeting with
the prime minister as well.
[Question] The PSDI has always favored the interests of certain categories with
respect to the overall objectives of the fight against inflation. But now that
Spadolini has put the absolute limit of the public defic~t in the fight against
inflation a~ 5U,000 bi.llion lire, are you not concerned that this policy line
may pull the rug from under your feet?
[Answer] We too recognize the basic objective set by the government, although
I do t~ot believe 5U,000 bilLion lire of public deficit is necessarily the absolute
limit, jus[ as I do not believe in the magical effec[s of the 16-percent limit on
che rise of prices. We have always defended the weaker categories, like the
retirees, opposin~ a freezing of automatic indexation that would make them the
sole vic~ims. Bu~ we have also proposed that a study be made aimed at rebalancing
the accounts of the INPS (National Social Security Institute] with new revenues
to come from self-employed workers.
[Question] Your criticisms of the government are presently centered on the
internal revenue service. Why?
[Answer) There are two points of major concern to us. First of all, we are con-
cerned over the intent to restore taxing authority to the municipal administra-
- tions, espec?.ally as regards the imposition of direct taxes. I can understand
t:he levyiriK ot taxes by a municipal administration in relation to the services ~t
renciers, buc: I believe the overall tax reform criteria should not be touched.
LQuestion] And tl~e second point?
~Answer.] That of the proposed tax on wealth, which upsets the ba~ic concept of
the Italian tax syscem, wherein taxation is tied [o income. Moreover, it would be
a fur~h~r F,low to the housing sector, which is today already in dire crisis.
~Question]. But Finance Minister Rino Formica says exactly the opposite. He says
the cax on real property sources of income could in fact have an indifferent
eff.ect on tax revenues, replacing as it would heavy taxes Like the INVIM [communal
tax on increases in real estate value] and the registration tax, which restrict
_ the frrrdom of movemE:nt of the market.
[Answer) Indifferent [ax effects exist only in books. Par~tphrasing George
Orwell, i would s:~y that there is also psychological taxation to be considered.
The mere announcement of a tax on wealth is sufficient to lower the Italian pro-
pensity forsaving and investing. A much wiser approach instead might be to reex-
amine all tax rates and revise all tax legislar.ion affecting the housing sector.
But rhe tax system cannot be based on the institution of a wealth tax, and even
less on such high levels of it, in tha[, what is being talked about is no less
- than 0.50 percent of the building's worth, while countries that have this kind
- of tax havc stopped at U.10-0.20 percent.
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. [Ques[ion] There is a feeling that the housing problem will be the PSDI's war-
horse in che months ahead. Is that true?
[Answer] I would say i[ is our most pressing concern. Minister Franco Ni.colazzi
(Editor's note: Public Works, PSDI) is fighting like a lion to revive the national
housing sector and mortgage credit facilities, and for a revision of all the ,
related legislation. Housing is one of the focal points of our party's action and
the reason for our prese~lce in the government.
~Ques[ion] What are the major dangers the government will face in the next several .
months?
~Answer) Certainly, the passing of the budget bill, which will require unshakable ,
solidarity on the part of the majority, despite its many emendable provisions, as
[he prime minister has also said. It will [ake political courage, and political
courage we, for our part, have.
[Question] What others?
~Answer] Once the fog has lifted, there may be o~her reefs ahead. But we must
fight against the psychosis that a government must last not more than 1 year, I
= say that a government is based on an agreement among the parties and must con- '
tinue for the duration of this agreement. ' ,
[Question) Who tends to seek early elections?
[Answer] Until now, the majority parties--the DC and the PCI [Italian Communist
Par[y]--have always benefited from the climate of radicalization generated by
early elections. This time round, moreover, there is a crisis within each of the
two parcies that may induce them to seek internal unity through elections.
[Question] What do you think will come of the presumed renovation of the DC? ~
~Answer~ I don'[ believe i~. The Christian democrats make a lot of noise, talk
a great deal, dress in the sackcloth of Jacopone da Todi and flagellate themselves
continually. But they cannot undo the structural aspects of' their problem.
[Question] And what are they'?
[Answer] The DC is the Western party that has been in power for the longest per-
' iod of time and has exercised it in tk~e most constant manner. Then, the DC has
- always represented and tends still to represented the old rural world, the same
world in which the Italian Catholic Church is rooted and which has compelled the
DC to wage the rear-guard battles of the last several years. The DC has not begun ~
yet to retrieve the laity of our industrial civilization, in which religious
sentiment as well ~akes on another meaning.
[()ues[ion] Is that an irremissible sentencing?
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IAnswer] 1 would say it is an objective judgement. For some time to come, and
pending a profourid cultural renewal within itself, the DC will have to resign
itself to a no longer preeminent roie.
(c~uestion] And what do you think will come out of the PCI's internal debate?
[Answer~ A recurn to that process of revision that has co~ne to a halt in the la~t
2 yt~ars. When we read that 90 percent of the PCI's militants are pro-Soviet, we
can only deduce that the leadership group has lacked the needed courage in the
incernal debate. The Polish communists are giving a great example of how debate
can be carried on openly. It is incredible that the PCI cannot do the same in
Italy, where not even the physical courage of those who have the Russian tanks ii~
their doorsCep is needed.