JPRS ID: 10174 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400080028-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 82
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 28
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~ FOR.OFFICIAL USE O1~ILY
JPRS L/10174
9 December 1981
- Worldwide Re ort
~
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
(FOUO 56/81) .
FBIS FOR~iGN BROADCAST INFO~MATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
_ newspzpers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
tXansmissions and broadcasts..Materials from foreign-language
- sources are translate d; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or re printed, with the original phrasing and
- other characteristies retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Proce~sing indicators such as [Text]
c~r [ExcerptJ in the first line of each item, or following the .
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation raas summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parenrheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
- original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
ci~s, views or at.titudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRI~EIT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
- MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATLON
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL US~ OYLY.
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FOR OEFiCiAL USE OKLY
JPRS L/10174
9 December 1981 ,
~ +
WORLDWI~E REPORT
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
,FOUO 56/gl)
CONTENTS
ASIA
F~ONG KONG
Briefs ~ -
Drug Fight Statistica 1
Opium Trafficking SenCence 1
IN DIA
' Briefs
Opiwn Production Problems 2
~ Orissa Narcotics Arreet 2
Border Opium Smugglera 3
I Bombay Opium Seizure 3
~
~ MALAYSIA
' Flood of Drugs From ' Golden Triangle' Feared
; (Reg Gratton; BULLETIN TODAY, 2 Nov 81) 4
I; Drug Arrests, Seizures in September 1981
' (NEW STRAITS TII~S, 13 Oct 81) 5
Government Agenciea Charged With Apathy Toward Drug Problem
(NEW STRAITS TII~S, 12 Oct 81) 6
PAKIS TAN
- Booking of Iranians Involved in Heroin Smuggling Completed
(MORNING NEWS, 11 Nov 81) 7
B rie fs
Smugglin~ Attempt Blocked 9
Air Passenger's Heroin 9
- a - [III - WW - 138 FoUOJ
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FUR OFFI~IAL USE ONLY
TfiAILAN D
Combat, Negotiations With Sua Noted
(SIAM RAT SAPPAUA WIQiAN, 18� Oct 81) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Q
Narcotics Police Seize 54 Kilograma of Pure Heroin
('IHE NATION REVIEW, 28 Oct 81, DAO SIAM, 28 Oct 81).....:...... 13
Arrests After Long Surveillance
'DAO SI~M' Photo
Rising Abuse of Thinner Causes Coacern
(Nsulnoi Tha~nasathien; TEIE NATION, 19, 21 Oct 81) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Briefs
Thai Troopa Killed lg
CANADA
Use of Writs of Assistance by RCMP Criticized
(Editorial; TgiE GLOBE AND MAIL, 31 Oct 81) 19
EAST EUROPE
CZE QiOS LONAKIA
Briefs
Narcotics Thief Sb~~~ts Policemen 20
Another Pharmacy Drug Burglary 20
LATIIJ A1~RICA
, BAHAMAS
Police Commissioner Citea Reduction in Drug Pmblem
_ (Athena Damianos; THE TRIBUNE, Oct 81) 21
Crewmen Diamisaed, Captain Fined in Drug Boat Caae
(THE TRIBUNE, 7 Oct $1) 23
Briefa
~ Bail in Cocaine Case 24
-b-
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- HOR OFFICIAL USE .ONLY
BE RMUDA
Court Told Marihuana Is Becoming Socially Acceptable
(~iE ROYAL GAZETTE, 19 Oct 8I) 25
COL01~ IA
Customs Officials Investigated for Methaqualone
(EL TIEMPO, 26 Sep 81) 26
Cocaine, Marihuana Seizurea Dea cribed
(EL ESPECTADOR, 29 Sep 81) .............o...................... 28
B rie fs
Cocaine Ibague Area 30
Hallucinogenic Pilla, Equipment Seized 30
MEXICO
_ ~tao Traffickers Seized With Cocaine
(EL SOL DE MEXICO, 6 Oct 81) 31
Marihuana Smuggling in Municipal Jail Discovered
~ (EL DIARIO DE PIEDRAS NEGRAS, 14, 20 Oct 81) 33
; Deputy Warden Accuse~
~ Traffickers Sentenced �
i - _ ~ .
j . . . .
Sabinas Marihuana Traffickers Captured
' mments cAme during an appeal~ was~n~~t cnref~~tit cnuld find itsetf in dire .
n~ainat ~entence fiy Kenneth Ebbin. 24, of,; ~trait~.
"The IslAnd may find itself wit6 more' ;
- Friswell'w Hill: Pembmke. ~ ~ . ~ ~ ' ' ~
~ ~ Fhbin wns oentenFed to 2S .rnontha in Rreve pmhlems than it already has, said
priu?n ~~n .Fu[y 1F f~r ~eing in poeeesaion ot' Mr. Fnx~mkin. "The use and abuse of�this,
cnnnahi~: with intent, tn supply. dn~~C is a cAncer on society."
"The rn~mher ~E cases cnming before the Mr. Fnx~mkin added that hed Ebbin .
c~~i~ts Reem~ tn indicate that cannnbis hae facecl t rifll in'S~ipreme ~~urt and not in the
hec��~nr.nlmrnt q~?cially ecce^r!!ti!~ ~�r� I~we~ court. he inight have found himaelf
~ m~ida. egpeciallv fe~ th~ae under thirty iacinR n l~nRer ja~l sentence.
- ~�enrti ~~f nKe, '~Rid Mr. Wade, representing The ('hief .Iuatice, the Hon. .Jamea Ast-
~;hhin. Anci he likened the current lawa wrx?d. n~lecl thnt there had heen no error in
~overninR cannxbis to the latter etagen of centencin~c. s~nd cnmmented that "if eny-
- prnhihiti~?n in the [Jnited Statea.. � .thin~ the Kentence was a little on the�light
"in balancin~ cnncern for society againat hide . Acc~~rdinKlv, the appeal was turned
the riQhtg nf the accvsed, one should keep ~~~Wn� ~
CSO: 5300/7513
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CoLOMBIA .
CUSTOMS OFFICIALS INVESTIGATED FOR METHAQUALONE ~
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 26 Sep 81 p 2-A
[Text] An administrativ~e investigation was opened by the head off ice of Internal
Customs of Bogota, under the charge of retired Gen Jose Maria Rivas Forero, in
order to establish the presumed responsibility of the personnel of the chemical
warehouse upon discovery, after one year, of a shipment of 2,000 kilos of
methaqualone.
The Judicial Police opened another investigation of a criminal nature to find the
location of those responsible for the importation of the shipment of drugs destined
preferentially for the manufacture of the pills known under the name o� "Jumbo."
Rivas Forero explained t~?at a third inveatigation might be undertaken if i.t is
proven that an employee of the Customhouse was responsible in the case, specifically
for not having reported the presence of the shipment of inethaqualone in the ware-
houses of the establishment.
The director general of the Customhouse explained that the methaqualone arrived in
~i?e country during the middle part of last year ia three shipments coming from
Hamburg, Germany on board the airlines of a national company, and that according to
procedures, were admitted immediately into the chemical warehouses of the Internal
Customhouse of Bogota to await the arrival of the importer to claim them in order
to proceed with appraisal. ~ ~ ~
The drug came in special packaging--barrels--that carried a different name,
maintained Rivas Forero, and in view af the fact that the interested party did not
arrive to claim it, it was declared abandoned merchandise. ~
In accordance with the regulatione, only the administrator of the warehouses or the
director of the Customhouse himself, can order an inspection of the cargo, and this
was requested by the former who asked for the presence of a chemist to open the
barrels and to determine the type of product that they contained.
The expert, according to the Customs director, only counted the barrels and
considered his ~ob completed without stopping to examine the contents of the cargo.
For this reason, shortly after, the Judicial Police of the Eldorado Airport arrived
and after an analysis of the chemical product, discovered that it was methaqualone
that they were dealing with.
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This fact--the chemical being turned over for inspection--resulted in the immediate
initiation by Rivas Forero of an administrative investigation in order to determine
if off icials of this organization had any complicity in the illegal business.
The Judicial Police began the criminal investigation based on the name of the
consignee of the shipment.
The 2,000 kilos of inethaqualone were discovered at the beginning of this week by the
Judicial Police when they carried out an inspection of the warehouses of the
Internal Customhouse of Bogota.
Rivas Forero maintained also that he will grant authorization to other off icials of
the Customhouse so that they can order the inspection of inerchandise that cannot be
removed on time, and he said that he will order that these inspectiona be made
every 8 days at the various warehouses of the Customhouse in the entire country.
9787
CSO: 5300/2036 �
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i'
~ .
COLOMBIA
COCAINE, MARIHUANA SEIZURES DESCRITsED
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 29 Sep 81 p 23-A
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; Fifteen kilos of high quality cocaine and related equipment for the pro-
; ' cessing of the alkaloid were confiacated b,y the police in an operation
~ carried out in a residence in the neighborhood of Palermo in Bogota. An
individual was captured in the operation.
" [Text] Thirteen kilos of cocaine of high quality whose value on the black market
is incalculable was confiscated by the National Police in the neighborhood of La
Soledad where the owner of a share of the alkaloid was also captured along with a
luxurious automobile.
The recent blow against the narcotics traffic was carried out at a house at 22-25
41st Street in Bogota in the afternoon last Sunday when the agents apprehended
Alberto Rodriguez Valencia, from whom not only the ~ocaine was seized, but also a
28
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Mazda automobile with license plates KD-3003 and other materials. The drug dealer
will be put under the ordinance of the reapective ~udge, and he was captured as a
~ result of intelligence work which extended over several days and which will continue
- with the goal of locating other membera of the group.
According to reports by the chief of the DIPEC, Department of Intelligence of the
Colombian Police, Col Nacim Yanine Dias, in Barranquilla another blow was struck
against the mafia with the confiacation at a house on 16-101 63-B Street of a
- special Panwalt Stokes machine for the processing of the hallucinogenic drugs called
mandrax and jumbo. During the operation, more th~.a 30 kilos of inethaqualone and
5~00 pills of the above-mentioned products were seized and at the same time, five
people were captured.
- The Fersonnel of the Third Company of Narcotics Officers of the Po~ice confiscated
130 packages of marihuana with a weight of 4,800 kilos in the jurisdiction of
Tabaco, the municipal jurisdiction of Barrancas, Guajira. The operation was
carried out at a ranch called Pagaril.
9787 ~
- CSO: 5300/2036 ~
29
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COLOMBIA
BRIEFS ~
COCAINE IBAGUE AREA--In an operation set in motion a few kilometers from thie
- capital, pure cocaine was confiscated valued at 65 million pesos. In the operation, .
three people were captured who were identified as Danilo Rodriguez, Francisco Antia
and a woman, Maria Mireye Alvarez. The alkaloid was transported ~n a red Dodge
pickup truck that arrived coincidently at the time when a mobile reserve corps of
- uniformed men was carrying out maneuvera on the Ibaque Alvarado flighway. [Text]
[Bogota EL SIGLO in Spanish 24 Sep 81 p 2] 9787
HALLUCINOGENIC PILLS, EQUIPMENT SEIZED--A complete set of expensive equipment for �
the manufacture of hallucinogenic pills was discovered by the pol.ice force and a
group of narcotics agents of the prosecutor of the region. The confiecation was
carried out in a residence located in the southern part of the city. They sv~-
ceeded in confiscating pills, pill-making machinery and in capturing six people
involved in the business who were identified aa Eudoro Daza Gamarra, Antonio Meza
Guerra, Jaime Roberto Galban and Jairo Alberto Gavuacra Sierra. Also detained
was the servant of the reside.nce belonging to Carmen Gamarra who fled. This
operation took place in the Buenavista neighborhood in the southern part of
Baranquilla. Yesterday on Friday in the northern part of Baranquilla in an elegent
residence, a shipment of 40,000 "~umbo" pilla were confiscated which were packaged
_ and ready for exportation. Orlando David Gonzalez was arrested. [Texti] [Bogota
EL TIEMPO in Spanish 26 Sep 81 p 3-A] 9787
CSO: 5300/2036
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,
MEXICO
TWO TRAFFICKERS SEIZED WITH COCAINE
Mexico City EL SOL DE MEXICO in Spaniah 6 Oct 81 p 12 A
[Text] Two international drug traffickers were intercepted at this capital's
Benito Juarez airport after already having smuggled in cocaine of excellent quality
= valued at more than 90 million pesos.
The interesting thing about this case is that Tom Brungar from Norway carried the
drug "stuck" to his back with adhesive tape, and he was not discovered when he
passed through customs.
Moreover, Brungar arrived aboard Air Panama Flight 502 originating in Lima, Peru,
and accampanied by the Spaniard Francisco Balcazar Granda.
After being apprehended, the corrupters stated that they met in a bar in Barcelona,
_ and Balcazar was the one who proposed to the Norwegian that they take the.drug to
South America, with the purpose of later transporting it to Los Angeles, California,
where another Spanish thug would buy it from them.
According to Balcazar, he used Brungar as a"donkey," that is, as a smuggler of the
drug, for the not inconsiderable sum of $15,060, corresponding to the quantity of
cocaine handled.
Moreover, he indicated that in his~native Barcelona he devoted himself to producing
films, which really was not true, since he used this activity only as a cover for
his crimes.
~is for Tom Brungar, he stated that seeing himself bankrupt and without the
possibility of finding work, he opted for drug trafficking, thinking that it would
be very easy. Nevertheless, following h3s arrival in the Federal~
District, when he was preparing to purchaee the tickets to travel to Los Angeles,
he became nervous on seeing the f~deral authorities and decided to return to the
international customs hall where Balcazar was.
Upon doing this, an agent approached him and asked him why he was returning to
this hall if he had already passed through customs, at the same time slapping h3m
on the back and discovering that he wae carrying polyethylene bags containing
cocaine stuck to his back with adhesive tape.
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6893
� CSO: 5300/2047
~ 56
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SWEDEN
DRUGS EXPERT QUESTIONS TREATMENT SUCCESS CLAIMS
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 4 Oct 81 p 3
[Article by Lars M. Gunne, professor of psychiatry and medical superintendent at
Ulle raker Hos pital]
[Text) From time to time~newspapers feature reports on various drug treatment centers.
The se re~rts deal with treatment philosophy and programs, daily routines and, some-
times, a little bit about problems and difficulties. To be sure, such reports are
justified and, indeed, treatment centers petsonnel should be credited for devoting
themselves to this difficult work. But, of course, only if it leads to acceptable
results in the longer term. How many drug addicts will change their lifestXle after
spending time in such drug treatment centers--what are the treatment results over
the somewhat longer term?
Nowadays, journalists do not fail to inquire about "results," whi~ they then report
in terms of a percentage figure of "cured" drug addicts, gener�lly without any further
analysis. Reported results are usually around 70 to 90 percent. When sane ~reatment
centers,report particularly good results, they usually make the headlines, but.a
success rate of about 80 percent is beginning to be considered "normal" nowadays
among the treatment centers.
At the same time, treatment centers are complaining about how difficult their job
can be, how often their work meets with ingratitude, haw one relapse follows another
and how street drug addicts view the entire process with great skepticism. Over
the years, the Ministry~of Social Affairs has also reported that drug addiction in
ou r society cannot be "treated away." Why not if the results are as glowing as the
newspapers keep reporting? ~
Addicts Disappear
= The answer lies in the treatment centers' reporting system--which we might refer
to as treatment center mathematics. Based on our drug treatment reports--t~e they
froan hospitals, treatment centers, boarding hanes or other--s ane addicts disappear
- all the time. Sometimes they want to discontinue treatment before the therapist
considers it advisable, sometimes they run away without further discussion.
When treatment results are later canputed, researchers do not include this group,
which remains untreated. At best, they report haw many of these addicts have been
excluded, but sometimes they even neglect, to do that. Based on experiences in
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Sweden and abroad, the number of dropouts from voluntary drug treatment centers is
fairly well established. It is approximately 60 to 70 percent, which means that
only about 30 to 40 percent of those admitted are included in the treatment research
ffgures.
If, for the sake of simplicity, we say that 35 percent remain in the centers long
enough to be "counted" as far as results are concerned, an 80-peroent success rate
means that 28 percent of the original number of clients has been treated successfully.
Now we can better understand why the problem of drug addiction cannot be treated
away. It also explains why work in treatment cente~rs is often considered difficult
and thankless. .
Escapee Criticism
Which is the oorrect figure, 80 or 28 peroent? Both are oorrect, of course, in their
proper context. In my opinion, presenting only the higher figure, 80 percent, is
confusing. The public naturally believes that 80 percent of the drug addicts who
undergo treatment come out of these centers changed and no longer dependent on drugs
to begin a socially acceptable existence. Indeed, it is being stressed, and to s ane
extent somewhat correctly, that such treatment takes time and that whoever runs away
after a couple of weeks has hardly been treated and should thus not be counted.
The argument against this is that escape is the drug addict's usual way of criticizing
the treatment and that this protest should be noted rather than neglected. Sometim~s
the reason is given that when "everyba3y else" reports in tHis manner, one treatment
center cannot submit less favorable results; that would not be qood for the per-
- sonnel's morale.
- Avoiding the Proble;n
A tr.oubling thought may sneak up if we consider the less favorable figures: if the
cure rate is 28 percent, haw much of it is due to treatment? We knaw that scme "go
off" drugs by themselves without the help of therapists. Unfortunately, Swedish
treatment research has been avoiding this pr oblem. As long as researchers can report
an 80 percent cure rate, they tend to dismiss such troubling questions.
' To further defend their position, scme researchers have criticized all experimental
or comparative treatment research and suggested that research which only includes
the number of completely cured drug addicts is pointless and meaningless. "We are
not about to organize a Swedish drug treatment championship," say the researche rs.
� Instead, we should be more interested in how the clients feel in side, haw they
develop as human beings, what are the tensions and conflicts between clients and
therapists or within the two groups, the institution's therapeutic "climate," etc.
Uncomfortable Questions
I can agree with the fact that the number of drug addicts who remain cured is not the
only result that is of interest to the treatment centers, but that that must be the
primary one. If a sufficient number of addicts cannot manage to break the habit,
all other treatment analysis is rather uninterestinq. If the treatment does not help,
the amount of splendid philosophy or inner conflict makes no difference.
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~ with that, however, I am not saying that drug-free treatment centers are ineffective.
But we do not know when we are talking about effective treatment or how often we
treat unnecessarily. And treatment center mathematics help us push aside these ~
unCCmf ortable questions.
8952
CSO: 5300/2046
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~ SWEPEN
ANALYSIS OF DRUG FATALITIES INDICATES SCME IMP1i~VEMENT �
- Stockholm SVENSItA DAGBLADET in Swedis~ 4 Oct 81 p 3
[Article by Nils-Olof Danell, physician commissioned by the goverrunent to study drug �
fatalities]
(Text] In 1975, a study of drug fatalities was made in the greater Stockholm area
(the State Medical Office is located in Stockholm). The study, which was initiated
by the Ministry of Social Affairs and followed up until 1980, is perhaps the most
reliable information for the time being concerning the development of the drug problem
in Sweden.
,
I have followed the debate from my vantage point and want to add sane facts which
may be useful and even lead to s ane thought. Despite the subject's sensitive nature
in every respect, I believe it should becane public knowledge so as to pravide a
basis for further debate. With the permission of my employers, I have decided to
present s ane of the data gathered in our study.
Widespread Misuse of Terms
I would first like to say that terms such as "drug addiction" aryd "drug abuse" are
by no ~reans unambiguous concepts as far as public opinion or the more sophisticated
debate terminology is concerned. In our study, these terms have therefore been
limited to include the so-called heavy drug abuse--i.e. abuse which at least partly
involves injecting drugs into a muscle or a vein. These heavy druc~s primarily include:
Opiates (morphine, heroin)
Ce ntrally stimulating drugs (other than cocaine)
Cocai ne .
Even the so- called hallucinogens are usually considered heavy drugs because of their
very powerful effect relative to the amaant of drugs taken. The study did not find
any cases of pure hallucinogenic abuse.. But it is important to note the widespread
use of mixed drugs among addic~s.
The lack of one drug on the market results in increased demand fos a substitute.
S o talk about opiate abuse or central stimulant abuse is thus often a simplification
o� the problem. Addicts often mix these two main types of drugs.
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_ Enormous Death Rate
The drug addict is usually young. Therein lies the great social tragedy. The death
rate among drug addicts is enormous within the affected age groups canpared to th2
normal death rate. Some studies show that the death rate anong drug injection addicts
is about one percent, i.e~ ~?e addict in a hundred dies every year as a result of .his
habit. However, the cause of death varies. Among the most common are:
Acute
Secondary illnesses
Environmental causes.
The fir st g roup includes elements of drama when the drug addict dies immediately
upon an ini~ction. He is usually found with the paraphernalia at his side and not
inf requently in a public restroan and the like. As far as the mortician/forensic
physician is concerned, this is a case of immediate circulatory collapse with signs
of excessive fluid on the lungs, so-called lung death.
There are differences of opinion as to whethes the drug itself caused the reaction
or if the reaction was due to so-called anaphylactic shock--i.~e. a very powerful
reaction which prevents blood supply to the lungs. The latter can also be caused by
drug additivesdesigned to reduce the concentrated effect of the substance. Such
~ additives can be found in large quantities such as pawdere8 sugar, but also in con-
' siderably more uncomfortable substances as far as the body is concerned such as
potato flour and talcum pawder.
~ Result Is Cell Death �
! There is also the fact that what may be considered a normal dose for an addict in a
~ given situation may be an averdose in a different situation. This depends on the
~ addict's tolerance to the substance in question. By increasing the dose to get the
i desired effect, the interval between dosages may also have to be adjusted and, in
, addition to that, he is faced with debflitating organic changes as a result of the
' drug abuse. Cell death is such a serious organic change affecting those who use cen-
trally stimulating drugs because it restricts blood flow and causes an acid buildup
in vital organs like the heart, for instance.
The secondary illnesses which a drug addict may experience often lead to death, but
when the death is undramatic, the underlying cause often escapes us. Such fatal
illnesses include inflammation of the lungs, heart muscle damage, brain hemorrhage,
; blood poisoning, liver and pancreatic diseases, etc.
~
; In addition to that are various causes of death resulting fran the unhealthy
environment in which the drug addict lives. These deaths are often caused by the
effects of taking drugs or durinq a period oE withdrawal in the form.of accidents
flr suicide (or murder).
Drug Fatalities for the Period 1975-1980 Acute/Total
1975 ~1976 1977 1978 . 1979 1980
_ 11/25 18/46 22/49 38/60 36/66 26/55
Obscure fatality study ..................(29) (28)
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Average Age Below 30
This study attempted to include as many of the different kinds of drug-related deaths
as possible, but for obvious reasons, the cases that sort under the first category
are the most verifiable. Obscure death fatalities remain an unknawn quantity, i.e.
cases of narcotics-related deaths that do not coane to our attention but are caused
by drug abuse. An attempt to track these cases was made in a wiciely publicized
retrospective study for the year 1979. ~
If we exclude the obscure fatalities study with its factors of uncertainty, approxi-
_ mately 50 percent of the drug-related deaths can be attributed to persons dying as a
direct result of injecting drugs. Furthermore, a scant 15 percent can be attributed
to drug addicts who died from secondary illnesses caused by drug abuse, while the ~
- remaininy approximately 35 percent constitute addicts who, under the influence of
drugs or in a period of withdrawal, fell victim to the life-denying environment in
- which they lived (through accidents, suicide etc.). About 70 percent of the addicts
included in this study were known to police for their abuse an8 possession of drugs.
- Those studied were between 16 and 57 years of age and the most frequently abused
drug was opiate (heroin). Over 80 percent of the addicts were men, averaging 28.5 .
years just prior to their death. The average age for women was 26.1 (these figures
are f rom the period 1975-1979) . '
8952
CSO: 5300/2046
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sw~Dnv
CAMPAIGN AGAINST DRUGS AMONG CHILDREN, YOUTH
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 11 Oct 81 p 2
[Text] Despite government efforts of various kinds, the drug problem amonr~ children
and youth is far from being solved.
The reason Action Against Drugs, spearheaded by the Ministry of Social Affairs, is
now being initiated is that the use of cannabis (hashish and marijuana) is becoaning
more common, both at home and abroad.
A study by the Department of Social Services for one, entitled the Extent of Nar-
cotics Abuse (UNO), shows it is possible to fight the use of drugs.
- One in five persons entering the military service used drugs during the period
1971-1980. Some 2.4 percent of them used drugs at least five times during the
month prior to their induction examination.
The study also shows that in most instances youth start out taking cannabis. Among
- those who had tried drugs, a total of 97 percent of those entering military service
had first ~sed cannabis.
It is usually not difficult to obtain such drugs. Contrary to what many believe, a
young person is most ~ften introduced to hashish through a friend,~not a dealer.
Most school children who had tried cannabis did not ::a~e to buy it; they were offered
some at a school dance, for example. ~
Some 4? percent of all youth between 16 and 19 years of age know whpre he/she can get
c:annabis. As far as centrally stinulating drugs are concerned, like amphetamine
_ and cocaine, one of f ive youths in that same age group know where they can buy these
substances. The figures are the same for opiates (heroin, morphine). One in eight
can get LSD or other hallucinogens. Same 28 percent of all 22-year olds have tried
cannabis.
These figures are alarming and clearly show the need for information about the
harmful effec*.s of drugs as well as other efforts to promote a drug-f ree environment
for youth.
l~ut what are the more concrete efforts to counter drug abuse?
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Supportiny E~o~ular movements is one way of trying to provide meaningful leisure
alternatives for youth. It would have been helpful if UNO had tried to find ot?t to
what extent cannabis and other drugs are used by youth who belong to various organi-
zations as well as those who are not affiliated with political organizations or
sports clubs. One can only hope that the study's in-depth investigation of 19
youths is not representative of all youth who belong to organizations. Of the five
of those who habitually used drugs, two were members of an organization.
Another confusing item is that among.youth between the ages of 12 and 15 who are
affiliated with sports or athletic organizations~ half of them have tried alcohol
and one in five have tried cannabis.
This is not the place to draw conclusions about these imperfect statistics, but
kee ping in mind what an important role youth organizations play in the government's
work against drugs and how much money they get to do that, it would be reasonable
to iizvestigate to what extent youth organizations are fit environments for youtn.
8952
CSO: 5300/2046
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SWEDEN
MALMO RESIDENT CONVICTED FOR SMUGGLING LARGE AMOUNT OF HASHISH
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 9 Oct 81 p 7
[Article by Sune Olofson]
[Text] The two who were arrested earlier for American Express .
card forgery are now also suspected for smuqgling a large
amount of hashish.
Two years ago, a 41-year old man chartered a sailboat worth 252,000 kronor from Malma
~ Boat Charter.
i
~ A companion of this 41-year old man has admitted that the boat was to be used for
~ smuggling narcotics from Morocco to Holland.
i In August 1979 the 41-year old and company, among them a Swede from Taby, stepped
into the office of Malmo Boat Charter. Giving false name and a forged American
~ passport, the 41-year old was able to charter the sailboat.
I
Af ter a bank in Tripoli, Libya paid the registration fee, the party sailed off and
~i never returned.
~ After a month w~ent by, the Malmo Boat Charter reported the sailboat missing. In
February 1980, 6 months later, International Police (Interpol) came across the sail-
boat in the Strait of Gibraltar.
The 41-year old and his 31-year old canpanion are now under asrest in Stockholm for
-'I using a forged American Express card. The suspicion of smuggling came up in the course
' of the investigation.
Smuqgling Offer
Befoce laaving Malmo, they had contacted a large narcotics dealer in Amsterdam by the
name of "Hulst."
The 41-year old said he had been commissioned by "Hulst" to smuggle 400 kilograms of
- hashish, having a street value of appioximately 18 million kronor. Thereafter, they
were or.dered to sink the sailboat, owned by Malmo Boat Charter, in the Medite rranean
Sea.
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The police are not yet sure whether the smuggling was carried out..
One of the American Express card forgers continues to remain silent while the other
hds ~dmitted the forgeries. He said a Swedish printing company was used to forge
the documents.
According to American Express, the specially forged cards could have cost the company
about 275 million kronor had they gotten out on the market.
Found Printing Press
In a raid on the forgers' possible hiding places, police found a hydraulic press
that was used to make the plastic cards and a stamping machine use8 to imprint the
card holder's name and number.
F'urthermore, one of the forgers has been doing business stealing and selling a large
- number of cars. The charges against them are: gross deception, gross forgery of
documents and gross theft.
The'41-year old was earlier sentenced to 6 months in prison on a gross narcotics
violation charge.
8952 '
CSO: 5300/2046
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SWEDEN
POLICE OFFICIAL DISCUSSES EFFECTIVENESS OF STREET RAIDS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 25 Oct 81 p 10 � ~
[Article by Per S3ogren]
[Text] The big campaign against street pushing of narcotics in the whole country
has been set in motion under the direction of the National Police Board. In the
spring the police districts will initiate a pexiod of intensive search. The purpose
- is to destroy the pusher networks. This is regarded in Sodertalje as more or less .
wasted time. Street searches give limited results and take time from more important
tasks. .
"This action can indeed be good in police districts where up to now not much time
has been devoted to the traffic in narcotice. It can lead to a better survey of
what is actually going on," Detective Inspector Bengt Ineaus informs DAGENS 1~IYHETER.
He is chief of the Investigation Division, and in Sodertal3e six policemen work full
time with narcotics questions. It also takes most of the time of Bengt Ineaus him-
self . ~
"It is like an old house," he says. "It can look nice but when you begin to tear
into it, you find that it is rotten and decayed. It is the same with search for
narcotics wlien you begin in an area.
Quick Results
It began in Sodertalje in the spring of 1979. Bengt Inaeus came back to Sodertalje
after 3 years with the Huddinge police where he was a member of the provincial nar-
cotics tcam. ~
He and a colleague began the search for narcotics. They found out quickly that they
could not cope with it by themselves, and the police authorities decided to provide
reinforcements. ~
Previously, the police in Sodertal~e had about 130 narcoti.cs cases a year. Zn 1979
- ir. increased to 200. Last year the number rose rapidly to 1300. The concentration
on narcotics gave quick results. At the same time the number of~burglar3.es and rob-
beries decreased. . ~
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The pace of the work abated this spring. The narcotics team had to devote itsel� to
other criminal investigations. But after the summer vacation the pace has acceler-
ated again. Bengt Inaeus reckons that the final result this year will be the same
as last year.
Spread Uneasiness
"If you apprehend a pusher with one or two grams on the stxeet in the ~orning, you
have to let him go in the afternoon, and he doesn~t s ay anything. In that way you
can create uneasiness in the traffic, but after a time new channels are organized,"
Bengt Inaeus says.
"Then you can do the same thing the next day. A lot of people will be involved in
this task, but it won't lead very far unless you move up to the next link in the
chain," he continues.~
His experience is that three-quarters of the work consists of investigation, and one
quarter of searching, ~rom within and on the outside. According to the pattern of
the National Police Board the greater portion of the work will be devoted to external
searcli one month In the fall and in the spring.
"But ttie police action may be able to get the social authorities to come to grips
wi.th tiashish," Bengt Inaeus says.
Hashish by the Kilogram
In general, he regards the required month of street search as an interruption of the
real work. After it the police in Sodertal3e can go back and work as before.
There is at the moment in Sodertalje an abundance of hash3sh from North Africa. It
comes via Spain and West Germany. Last year the investigations involved hashish by
tt~e hecto~ram. This year it is by the kilogram.
The ir~porters are usually 20 to 30 years old. Narcotics abusers go down to the
ages 16 to 17. TheYe is no pushing outside the scho ols. Reports that it has occur-
red have turned out to be rumors without a basis.
But every week the police come upon new sources hitherto unknown. It is often Ger-
m~1ns caho Uring the poison into Sweden, and Swedes who pass it on.
D if. f icul.t Background
The younger addicts with whom the police come into contact often have poor social
bakcgrounds. Bengt Inaeus emphasizes that this is not the complete truth. If the
social background is better, the possibility tha t the police will never know about
it increases.
"We tiave heroin fairly well under con~rol," he says.
- Many selters are imprisoned. The latest thing the prosecutor has been given is a
case of. an organiz~ltion of seven people. They are Turks and Libyane. Six li.ved in
Sodertalje, and the head man was in Stockholm.
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The tiead man has been active since 1977 without getting caught. That is a long time
in the business, according to Bengt Inaeus. The provincial team in Huddinge spotted
him in 1~78 and last spring he appeare3 in Sodertalje.
The police know that the gang peddled a kilogram of heroin, worth 2.5 million krono~~
on the street, but it can well be actually more.
The heroin in Sodertalje comes from Iran, Turkey and Lebanon. Some comes via West
Cermany, some by transit air via Moscow and East Berlin.
- Quick Money
There are no longer any fixed smuggling links with foreign countries, Bengt Inaeus
thinks. The traffic is so profitable that there are people ir. Sodertal~e who travel
home to countries where it is easy to get heroin. Then they smuggle it in to Soder-
talje. Easy money.
Bengt Inaeus figures that his group has now cleared up the most of the heroin traffic
in Sodertal,je. They know who stands ready to take over if the traffic is reorganized.
There are between 15 and 20 known in Sodertal~e. The municipality has 80,000 inhabi-
tants.
Hashish and heroin are an international matter. Amphetamines axe almost soleTy a
Swedisti matter. Up to now things have been quiet in Sodertalje in the eighties, but
a new season has started. Those who were imprisoned for traff~cking have been out
for 6 months, and there is an ample supply of amphetamines on the market. It has
been noted that robberies have increased; they finance the *.nisuse.
This group ccnsists of about 30 people, mostly older types who have been to 3ai1
many times.
- Constant Level
New p~ople join, but the bottom level remains constant," Bengt Inaeus says.
Cocaine has not yet appeared in Sodertal~e. .
That is how it is in a municipality 24 miles from Stockholm. The picture is quite
clear after the police have begun to rummage in the house.
6$93 .
CSO: 5300/2047 ~
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SWEDEN
POLIC~ SEIZE LARGEST AMOi.J?~iT OF HEROIN EVER IN NORDIC AREA
. Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 27 Oct 81 p 14
- [Article by Leif Dahlin]
[Text] Ileroin, worth perhaps almost SO million kronor may have been smuggled into
Sweden by 3 Libyan gang which has been uncovered by the provincial narcotics group
in Huddinge in cooperation with the customs at Arlanda. The police got their first
tip already 2 years ago, but it was only over the weekend that the police made the
biggest narcotic~catch yet in the Nordic area. Almost 5 kilograms of heroin were
_ seized, and 25 peonle arrested. ~
Most of they are Libyans, many of them small entrepreneurs with outwardly irreproach-
able lifestyles in Sweden.
Heart-rending scenes occured when the police, in cooperation with social authorities,
removed children from outwardly secure residential environments in Stockholm and its
suburbs. Several families have been involved in the narcotics traffic (seven women
have been arrested). ~
In recent weeks the police were so close to the goal that for security reasons per-
sonnel o~as mobilized in Stockholm so that at least 25 men watched Arlanda and strat-
egic p.laces in Stockholm.
Without Sleep
The members of the successful provincial group in Huddinge, as well as the leader of
the preliminary investigation, tdarcotics Prosecutor Jerry Martinger, have been more
or le:~s without sleep the last 3 days, and several people in the group say that this
surveillance work has been more of a strain than much other heavy work.
1'i.npo i nting
Tf~rc~c of the ~lrrested Libyans left Sweden on 15 September and since then an "inner
cir~7.c" has, figurativel.y speaking, pinpointed a number of regular flights from the
Irear. l:ast to Arlanda via Copenhagen. According to Carl Maonus Adner, police chief
of Huddinge, the Copenhagen police have been of inestimable help.
"The results would not have been so good without their contribution," the police
chief says.
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Cnessboard
A Libyan came to Arlanda early last week by air. fle had 500 grams of hashish in a
- Persian chessboard. On Friday the three couriers came with slightly more than 2
kilograms of heroin in a suitcase made out of wardrobe material. Then one thing
followed the other quickly. About 3 kilograms of heroin were found in Sollentuna in
the apartment of the leader, a 34-year-o13 artisan.
Three hundred Chousand kronor in cash was also found in the apartment. Throughout
Sunday there was a.feverish sea~ch for and pursuit of the other members of the gang.
live Swedish pushers were cauoht. A car with five men was forced to stop after a
dramatic auto chase on Gotegatan in Soder in Sotckholm. With drawa pistols, the
narcotics men surrounded the car, and all were apprehended. Four hundred grams of
heroin was found on one of them. During the continued house searches weapons were
seized and hidden money found, so that now over half a million kronor has been con-
fiscated. ~
One of the chief Libyans in the gang has lived here a year, another 5 years. Sever-
al of the arrested individuals have, in order to maintain their disguise, taken Labox
- Market work; others have had steady work, or been on social welfare without reveal-
ing that they were si~ting on a"golden egg."
Several years ago close to 13 kilograms of heroin was confiscated by the customs at ~
Kingsangen airport outside Norrkoping. There was never any clarification as to who
had sent it or who the recipient was. Everything indicates that it was an incorrect-
ly addressed shipment. Hence, the current confiscation is described as the largest
on the Swedish market. The Huddinge gro~ap also made the last coup. That was the
2.5 kilograms heroin of the Turkish gang, found at an address on Kocksgatan in Stock-
holm.
6893
CSO; 5300/2047
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SWEDEN
BRIEFS '
TIGHTER PRISON DRUGS ENFORCEMENT--Stockholm. 15 Oct Let it be the rule to prose-
cute prisoners who have on their persons more than 0.2 grams hashish. The Boaxd of
. Prisons proposes this to the chief public prosecutor. There are at present different .
rules in regard to this in the countryfs i*?stitutions. This in turn has lead to un-
- ce~tainty among the directors of the institutions. Several courts have now render-�
ed judgments in such cases. The Board of Prisons writes to the chief public prose-
cutor, "Accoding to our interpretation of the actual holdings, the line of demarca-
tion has been that possession of more than 0.2 grams of hashish shouZd lead to prose-
cution. The courts appear to be of the opinion that disciplinary punishment is
sufficient~for the possession of lesser amounts." The $oard of ~risons continues,
~"The guidelines which have been given appear to be properly balanced. Nevertheless,
. the possession of hard narcotics should always result in prosecution, irregardless
how much is involved." [Text] [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Oct 81 p 32]
6893 :
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SWITZERI~AND
ANALYSIS OF NARCOTICS PROBLII~ IN ZUHICH
Zurich NEU-L ZUERCHi~ ZEITUNG i.n GermAxi 15~16 Nov 81 p21
~exJ Consumption of naxcotice in Zurich is constantly increasing. In 1970, ~
there were ~uat 273 persons under inveatigation by the criminal police in connec-
tion with vidations of the narcotioe law within Zurich proper. In 1980, 10 yeaxs
later, their number had increa,sed to 894. E~ents of the past few months point to
still another record in drug-related legal aotions. IIp to the end of October, no
~ less than 1,008 violations of the naraotics law were reported in Zurich proper.
~ 10 years ago, ~ust two crimiria]. poliae inveatigat~~ra aufficed to deal with the
! problem. By the summer of 1981, 21 city police offtaials were working full-time
on the drug problem. But despite theae efforts and despite remarkable suacesa,
the police have not been able to get the drug probl~~m under control. It mnat be
admitted, says Robert Schoenbaechler, the city police official in charge of the
anti-drug squad, tha.t it has not been possible to lay hands on the drugs prior to
i
~ distribution or to institute preventive maasures against the comsumption of nar-
; cotics. Addiction ie reflected not only in the ~owing number of persons dying
! from drug abuse, but also in the grnwing number af drug~-related crimea ~hich ase
getting more vicioua all.the time and thus aonetitute a direct threat to the
general public. ~
Ha,ehish and Heroin
The legal term drug abuse includes a11 unlawful consumption of narcotics speci-
! fied as such under the na.rcotias law. It ia deemed unlawful, if not approved by
- a doctor or for eome offiaial reaeon. The g~eneral heading of nazcotics includes
opiates, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens.and amphetamines. The opiatee inalude
morphine and heroin, a ma~or drug in uee in Zurich and the generia term cannabis
includes hashish, mari3uana and hashieh oil. LSD, whiah was muc,h talked about 10
' yeaxs agro ia part of the halluoinogen group. During the paet year~ 1,469 LsD
- tablets were seized in the canton of Zttrich; but over the yeasa, this partfaular
drug has loet much of its appeal. Ma3or drugs in use in Zurich a,re hsshi~h and
heroin with cocaine consumption ~.ncreaeing but not yet reaching the lev~el of
heroin. ~ ,
Fieroin in powder form, brownieh-red to white in color~ is either snuffed or in-
~ected as a liquid. Since the toxic effect of inbaled heroin is far less potent
than if it is in3ected, most heroizi ueere are fixers who prefer to ahoot the
drug beca.uae it is less expenaive that way. The drug hardly ever reaches the con-
sumer in a chemiaally pure state. In moet casee, the heroin is adulterated with
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_ some cheaper substance like confectioner's su~as which helps the drug peddlers
make greater profits. On more than one occasion~ however~ poisonous additives
have been used in Zurich and these can lead to the death of the addia~.
Marijuana, the dried leaf of the c~nnabie plant, is often called "gxass" by
drug users because of its green color. Hashiah~ on the other hand, is the sap of
the hemp plant. It is usua.lly traded on the black market both in the form not un-
like that of a chocolate bax and in powder form as w~ell. Cannabis producte are .
amoked in most cases. ~
Main Problem: Heroin
Of the 1~954 Persons under inveatiga.tion for violating the narcotice law in the
canton of Zurich in 1980, 721.were heroin usere and the remaining 1~233 were
ha,shish a,ddicts in the main. The police have assigned absolute priorii.y to com-
bating heroin traffic because of the dangerousneas of the drug itself and be-
cause of the exceptional ruthleesneas whiah atta,ohea both to the bueineea end
and to heroin-related crimin.a,l acte. The ~aropean market is being inundated with
heroin. Last yeax, ~aropean police authorities were able to aeize 1,122 kilograma
of heroin overall, a tenfold increase over 19?3. Daring the same period, 6 kilo-
grams of heroin were seized in the canton of Zurich. Foreign dx~u~ dealers consi-
der Zurich to be a l.ucrative market. While one gram of heroin will fe~cch up to
700 Swiea francs on the Zurich market~ it will fetch only 200 f`rancs on the Milan
= or Frankfurt market. The police both in the city and the canton of Zurich ha.n~e had
to deal more and more with grave and ~ometimes extremely serious ca.sea of drug+-
related crime. It is str;ki ~ that a large proportion of those involved are
forei~,m.ers. 9 yeas ago, for example, a narcotics ring conaisting of 18 Thai and
two Germans was rounded up which had sold at leaet 3.5 kilograms of heroin in
Zurich alonee
The number of heroin users who died from dr~tg abuse reaohed a new peak thia year.
In 1980, the anti-dru~ aquad arreated 397 heroin usera in Zurich proper. 229 of
these were under 22 years of ag~e. The young~est fema].e addict was 14; four others
were 15 and all five were recidivous. Among heroin a,ddicts, recid~riem is a ma3or
problem in ar~y event. Most (78 percent) of the heroin uaers known to the police
in Zurich proper have not learried a trade~ nor do they attend sahool or aerve as
- apprentices.
Cigarets and Hashish as Conditioning Drugs ~
In 1978, the university peychiatric clinic conducted a stuc~y, among young men (as
paxt of their army induction processing) and women in the oanton of Zurich which
provided information on how young people come into contact with drugg. The 1978
findings showed that almost 20 percent of the men and about 17 percent of the
women had had experiences with hashieh. There had been less exposure to opiatea
but the relevant fi~ures,were 3.3 percent among men and 1.9 percent among women.
These statistias take on greater importance once they are related to the findinga
of the Zurich city police anti-~drug squad according to which almost all Zur~.ah
heroin users atarted out on haehish and maxi~uana. 19 of the 22 children cited
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for violationa of the naxcotica law in 1980 were said in the same repart to ha.ve
smoked more than a pack of cigarets a day. That is wl~y crimina.l police coam4issio-
ner Schoenbaechler thinks that yo~mg people who do not smoke staad the best chauce
of not becoming addicted to dr~~s.
Crime as a Consequence
It takes a heroin user at least 300 to 400 francs to eatief~ his daily need for
drugs. Those are the prices that prevail on the market in Zurich for a eo-called
half street gram of heroin. A"street gram" is not a f~,i].1 gram of heroin because
it is not chemically pure but adulterated with other eubstancea. The guess is that,
a heroin addict has to "shoot up" up to four timea a dayi with the number of in-
jections also depending on the relative purity of the narcotic.
- One laok at the non-existent profeseional education of the avera~ge addict proves
that the money he must have to satiafy his need for drugs will not come from re-
gular employment. 2~Zore and more drug ueers are becoming socia.lly uprooted and
wind up turriing to crime or prostitution. Many ueera gain accese to the stuff by
becoming dealers tk~emselves. La,et year, 577 peraong who daubled as drug addicts
and drug dealers we~e under investigation in the cauton of Zurich. The nvmber of
burglaries and attempted breakins in pharma.cies ha,d docl3ned somewhat ]ast bre~s ~.s
a~s..inst the yeas before as a reeult of heightened security meaeures; but other
crimes committed by dr~ag addicta rose sharply. The police blotter lists one ca.se
of mara.slaughter as well as robbery~ theft, laxce~r~ embezzlement and traffic in
~ stolen g~ooda. The manslaughter case is one of a kind, but the other infractions
registered a maxked invrease. During the pa.st year, 14 prostitutes were ne~rly re-
- ~istered who had turned to proatitution ae a result of drug addiction and during
the course of this year, another y0 were added. Tkle actual. number is likely to
be fax higher. ,
Various I,ocations
Until the Limmatstrasse youth center wae ehut down temporarily, the heroin dealers~
j sales channels flowed into the autonomous youth oe~~te~~(A,TZ). When this outlet was
~ no longer available, the dealers returned to the~Hirechenplatz and the so-called
j Riviera alon~ the Li.mmat which had been lrnown as drug bazaara beyond the city
' limite before the AJZ wa.e opened. While ruruiing cheeks, the po~.ice have found tha.t
~ there has been no lotup on the drug eaene. In fact, Sobert Schoenbaschler aays rue-
~ fla11y, mar~y heretofore unlmown faces have been turning up among the ald-time users
of late.
9478
cso: 5300/2073 ~n
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