JPRS ID: 9927 WEST EUROPE REPORT

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• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 39
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10185
14 ~ecember 1981
USSR Re ort
p
ENERGY
CFOUO 21 /81)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/10185
14 December 1981
- USSR REPORT
ENERGY ,
(FOUO 21/81) .
CONTENTS
. ENERGY CONSE RVATION
Geothermal Conditions, Thermal Watera of Georgia
(I. M. Buachidze, et al.; GEOTERMICHESKIYF. USIAVIYA I �
TERMAL'NYYE VODY GRUZII, 1980) Z
F[JELS
Handbook for Drilling Operations at Surface Mines Published
(SPRAVOCHNIK PO BURENIYU NA KAR'YERE1K~i, 1981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
GENERAL
Studying Seismicity in Georgia
( ISSLEDOVANIYE SEYSMI(~INOSTI I ~EYS'r~I(HESKOf~O REZHIMA NA
TERRITORII GRU2II, 198Q)..........~.., 8
Seismic Engineering in Permafrost
~ (Vadin Astdreyevich Kharitonov; SEYSMOSTOYKO`IE STROI`TEL'SiVO
NA VE(~iNOMERZLYKH GRLRJTAKH, 1980) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Design Features of Foundations in Western Siberian Oi1 Regions
(Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kanovalov, Lidiya Tarasovna
Roman; OSdBENNOSTI PRaYIICTIROVANIYE FUNDAMEN~OV V
NEFTEPROMYSLOVYKH RAYONAIQi ZAPADNpY SIBIRI, 1981) 16
- a - [III - USSR - 37 FOUO]
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ENERGY CONSERVATION
GEOTN~FMAL CONDITIONS, TNERMAL WATERS OF GEORGIA
Tbilisi GEOTERMICHESKIYE USLOVIYA I TERMAL'NYYE VODY GRUZII in Russian 1980
(signed to press 4 Nov 80) pp 1-4, 207
[Annotation, table of contents and preface from monograph "Geothermal Conditions
and Thermal Waters of Georgia", by I. M. Buachidze, G..I. Buachidze, N. A. Goder-
dzishvili, B. S. Mkheidze and M. P. Shaorshadze, Izdatel'stvo "Sabchota sakartvelo",
1000 co~~ies, 207 pages]
_ [Text] Annotation. The authors of this monograph examine the patterns of distribu-
tion and formution of ther;,:~~? waters in~ the territory of Geor.gia. On the basis of
precise temperature measurements in deep conditionaZ boreholes, determination of
the thermophysical properties of r~ocks, and also generalization of industrial gec~-
physical data it was possible to characterize the heat field in Georgia and the
eastern part of the Black Sea surface. Deep heat flows were computed and it was
_ possible to discriminate the most heated sectors of the earth's crust. A many-sided
investigation of hydrogeological and geothermal conditions makes it possible to
predict promising areas for obtaining highly thermal waters, considerable re~ources
of which are the basis for the effective use of the energy in the earth's deep lay-
_ ers in the economy of Ceorgia. The ffionograph is intended for workers at scientific,
planning and production organizations concerned with geological and geophysical
problems and the detection of new rene~~able energy sources.
Contents
= Preface 4
Chapter I. Concise Review of Degree of Geothermal Studies in Georgia 5
Chapter II. Natural Conditions 7
1. Orohydrography 7
2. Climate 9
3. Geological structure 11
4. Ilydrogeologicai conditions 25
- Chapter III. Methods for Geoth^rmal Investigations..... 32
1. Temperature measurements in boreholes 32
2. Outfitting of boreholes before mea5urements 38
3. Determination of thermophysical properties of rocks 42
4. Determination of heat flow 52
S. Display of results of geoth~Ymal investigations 58
1
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Chapter IV. Results of Geothermal Investigations 61
1. Temperature conditions of principal lithological-stratigraphic units...... 61
2. Distribution of geothermal gradient 74
3. Thermophysical properties of rocks t10
4. Deep heat flow 116
5. Heat flows from Black Sea floor 136
Chapter V. Temperature Distribution in Earth's Crust 146
1. Temperatures at surface of consolidated basement 146
2. Temperature model of earth`s crust in territory of Georgia 148
Chapter VI. Patterns of Distribution of Thermal Waters and Prospects for
Their Use 153
1. Classification of thermal waters 153
2. Systematization of thermal waters 162
3. Prospects of use of thermal waters in the national economy 185
Abstract 192
I3ibliography 194
Appendices:
1. Principal shows of thermal waters in Geor.gia... 202
2. Ilydrogeothermal map of the Georgian SSR at 1:1,000,000
Preface
The exploitation of the earth's deep heat for practical economic needs is one of
tt~e cardinal energy problems of the present day. The Sodiet government, taking
into account the great effectiveness of use of thermal waters and their role in
preserving the er.vironment from contamination in every possible way is facilitat-
ing the development of scientific research and exploration-operational work, as
is reflected in the corresponding decrees of the USSR Council of Ministers and the
Council of Ministers Georgian SSR.
A scientific generalization of studies of ground water in Georgia has been made
by I. M. Buachidze in 1950 and in 1956 he was the first to define the thermal
horizons in Western Georgia. In 1961 I. M. Buachidze and S. S. Chikhelidze com-
piled the first summar~ on the thermal waters of Georgia. Later intensive stud-
ies developed at both scientific research (Sector on Hydrogeology and Geological
Engineering, Georgian Academy of Sciences, ~nd others) and in production en~ter-
prises (Georgian Geological Administratio~~, "Gruzneft Trust, Georgian Production
Administration on Use of the Earth's DeFp Heat, and others). 'The monograph "Gidro-
~~ L .
4
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The design and the quality of manufacture of milling-type bits has been improved.
The minin~ industry is nuw Lhe largest customer for tt.is type of rock-destroying
- tools. F:quipment i'or� rotar,y cutting drilling, which predominates at coal strip
mines, has bcen impc~oved. New Lype bits--llR-160Sh, DL-i60Sh, NPI-6/16U and .
others--are being introduced.
Along with the rotary drilling of holes of small diameter (115 and 160 mtn; with
auger removal of the drilling fines, the drilling of holes 214 and 243 mm
in diameter with pneumatic cleaning is being used increasingly widely, the DR-214V
and DRV-214 drill bits being used.
The budies of the drill bits havP begun to be manufactured by pressworking. Re-
placeable cutting tuols are being used widely. Semiautomatic machines that use
hi~h-f'requency current have begun to be used to braze cut+.ing tools.
Cc,mhir~~d cut.tir~g-and-milling and cutting-and-parcussion tools, hole reamers,
minc-t'acr shuck absc~c~berti, and various (for example, electric vibrators) intensifi-
crs ui' Lhe: drilling pro~ess have been tested. Submersible pneumatic strikers have
been impr~uvcd. At some surface mines the drilling machines are tended by one oper-
~tor. Costi indicaturs have been improved, and the productivity of the machines as
wt~ll as t,he durability of the drill bits have been increased.
Mcth~ds Cor computing optimal drilling regimes are of special significance, since
the eccm~>mic and technical indieators of milling and other methods for drilling
' holes depend greatly upon the drilling regimes. Choice of' optimal drilling re-
gimes and their correlation with the technical paramaters of automated drills is
a~quir~ing great importance. Milling drills with manual control operate in a ra-
tional regime of 8-50 percent net drilling time, since manual control is diffi-
cult, because of continuous random variation in the properties of the roek being
drilled. I:ven when the operator uses rational drilling programs, with manual regu-
lation, deviations of the regime's parameters from the optimal values are 15-25
percer~t and,in this case, considerably degrade the technical and economic indi-
cators for drilling.
. (~urni~hing drills with autumated control systems (SAU's) will enable optimal drill-
ing re~imes to be realized. A test model of a machine for milling-type drilling,
Lhe 3ti(i5h-'LOUN, with dutomated cc~ntrol of the drilling regime, has been created.
The i?~Legrated mechanizatio~ti of the excavation of deposits of useful minerals in-
volves the creation of new equipment for drilling work, the scale of which is in-
creasing in inl;ensity.
b~�~ny cierc,sits are marlced by c~mplieated hydrogeologieal eonditions in the deposi-
t.ion ar~d structurc uf' th~~ cc~vering rock masses, and the frequent alternati~n of
~tron~ and wcak ruck, whc~re scrially produced, narrowly specialized drills do not
~roviclc Lhc rec~uired technical and economic indicators, especially when drilling
slant.cd holes 3'~0-400 millimeters in diameter up to 6U meters deep. Under specific
mine-~;cology conditic,ns uf the deposits, combined drills are preferred.
The t.rend toward the construction of high-capacity mines, an increase in the number
of cxc;avaturs with bucket c:apacities of 12-�100 cubic meters, and the use of trans-
porL means of high load ~apacity predetermine an increase in the working parameters
~f dr�illti, their pc>wcr~-tu-wei~ht ratios and productivity, and also the diameter
S
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;~ncf ~I~rrLh ut' t.hc h~~l~~ti. I~c~~,u~u ~,f' this, it is especially important that the par-
amcl.crs ~~f' Lhc eyui~mcnt cui�respond to the operating conditions and to an optimal
drilling regimc.
The ~ircumstances nuted will cause at the 7ext stage of development of drilling
cquipmentand technulup,y Lhe creation of drills for drilling holes 125-4G0 ~nillimet-
ers a~~d more in diameter which are characterized by optimal relationships of
the desigr~ and the operating parameters.
_ 'fhe choicc uf parametcr�s !'or drilling equ~pment and its adaptation to changing con-
ditiuns can be optimal only on Lhe basis of the method of engineering optimization
and the use of' cur~rc;nt experimental research and the generalization of years of
cxperience. Taking into account what has been set forth in the handbook, systema-
tized data are cited about the bases for the creatiun and operation of drilling
equipment and tools at surface mines.
1'he ye otdeleniye, 2580 copies, 180 pages]
[Text] Annotation. The author describes the characteristics of construction under
conditions of a combination of permafrost and seismicity in different regions of
the northern climatic zone. It is noted that the manifestation of seismic pheno-
- mena in frozen, thawed and thawing ground governs the specifics of planning of
buildings and structures capable of reliable performance and cap~ble of withstand-
ing the effect of earthquakes which are 7--9 units on the seism~_c scale. Materials
are presented which describe the performance of foundations and the principal sup-
- porting elements of buildings and structures under different seismogeological con-
ditions and recommendations are given on economic-optimization tasks and the organ-
ization of seismic-resistant construction work in regions where permafrost pre-
vails. The monograph is intended for planners and engineering-technical workers
concerned with problem~ retating to the construction and performance of buildings
and structures in seismic regions of the northern zone of the country.
Preface. About 30% of the entire territory of the Soviet Union is occupied by
5eismic regions (Fig. 1). Most of these are situated in zones with a severe cli-
mate [1, 2]. The breakdown of the area of the entize country by seismic zones
(Table 1) in accordance with official data shows that Siberia and the Far Eas*_
(numbers 6-11), constituting more than 60% of the entire territory of the Soviet
Union, are regions with extremely strong earthquakes.
In ~idditio~i, it must be taken into account that the 10-unit Oymyakonskoye earth-
quake, occurring in 1971 [3J, indicated that our concepts concerning the seis-
micity of the northern zone of the country are still incomplete and a number of
regions, earlier considered aseismic, in actually should be assigned to the cate-
Kory of seismically active with a high earthquake intensity.
For a lo~1g time no serious attention was given to the problems involved in seismic-
resist~~.nt c~~ustra~tion in t!~~e northern construction-climatic zone. In part this is
at~r~'~utable to the i;{stn-rically weak population of the territory and the absence
here of considerable volumes o.�. major construction. In addition, traditionally
in these regions the construction material in common use has been wood, making it
~ossihle, without special stren,3thening measures, to build one- or two-story res-
idential ~ind industrial buildings which have been zdequately seismic-resistant.
10
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