JPRS ID: 10341 EAST EUROPE REPORT POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS

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CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8
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RIF
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U
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12
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November 1, 2016
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50
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REPORTS
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 FOR OFFIC'IAL USE ONI.Y JPRS L/ 10341 19 February 1982 - E ast E u ro e Re ort p p POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS ~ (FOUO 4/82) FBIS FOREICN BROADCAST INFORIVIATION SERVICE FOR OFFICIAL USE ONI.Y APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 NOTE JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language ' sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and other ctiaracteristics retained. Headlines, editor.ial reports, and material enclosed in brackets are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text] or [ExcerptJ in the first line of each item, or following the last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor- ma~ion was summarized or extracted. Unfamiliar r_ames rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. " Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originar_e with the source. Times within items are as given by source. The contents o� this publication in no way represent the poli- cies, views or. attitudes of the U.S. Government. C~PYFIGEiT I,AWS AND REGULATTONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP CF MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RBSTRICTED FOR OFFICTAL USE OvI.Y. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY JI'RS L/10341 . 19 February 1982 ~ EAST EUROPE REPORT POLITICAL, SQC:c~LOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS (FOUO 4/82) - C'ONTENTS ~ ~ POLAN D Analysis of Ceneral .Jaruzelski by 'PARIS MATCH' Noted (Marc Ullmahn; PARIS MATG'tl, 25 Dec 81) 1 Solidarity Members Kowalewski, Blumsztajn Interviewed (Seweryn Blumszt~ajn, Zbigniew Kowalewski Interview; _ LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR, 9-15 Jan 82) 4 Polish Officials Discuss Crisis With UK Visitors (~IE SU[~TDAY TIMES, 15 Nov 81) 7 - a - [III - EE - 63 FOUO] Fl1R (1FFI('T4T. IJSF. nNi.Y APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 FOft OFFICIAI, Util? ~NLY POLA~D ANAL,YSIS OF GENERAL JARUZELSKI BY ' PARIS I~IATQI' NOTED Paris PARIS MATCH in French 25 Dec 81 p 23 [Article by Ptarc Ullmann: "On Whose Team is Jaruzelski Playing?"] - ~Text~ Who is decr~iving whom in Poland? Is the Party deceiving the people, ad- vr~ncin~; in rnilitary dis~uise? Or is the Army deceiving the P~rty, by establish- in~; n new rc~~ime? 'fhc~ future of the country depends on the answer to this ques- tion. Tf the Arn~y is a~ting on behalf of a regime which has been discredited, it will lose Eirst of all its reputation and then i.ts honor, for sooner or later the anger of the people will turn upon it. If, on the contrary, the Poles decide that the 13 necember coup d'etat was one of nationalist inspiration, it is probable that the Catholic Chur.ch will in the end reach an understanding with the Army. General Jaruzelski is doing everything possible to ensure acceptance of the idea that the "military council for national recovery is entirely independent of the Communist Party and tha[ its roots go deep in Polish history. The stage has beeri set with particular care. When the Ceneral appears on television, he is in uni- form, and the only symbol visible on the screen is the traditional eagle, i.e., tt~e err~bl.em of Poland. Before and after his speech, a military band plays the Polish national anthem, the t9azurka by Dabrowski, which no one could confuse with the ]nternation~il. And the television announcers are dressed as soldiers. 'fhr~ sa~n~~ is truc~ wh~~r~� tl~i~ content of the proclamations is concerned. The speech - y;iveri by the~ (:cnc~rnl oii 13 11~~c~�mber lasted 25 minu[es, and contained no[ the ~ sligh[est re(c~it�nce to thc~ (:ommuniSt Party. In t7is dry voice, the new master of ~'olr~nd stressed the fact [h:~r_ the "milirary commissars" would be appointed on all levc~ls oE the S[ate aF~paratus and the administra[ion, as well as to key posts in tha~ economy. "They will have [he right," the General specified, "to dismiss any ~ indiviclual who doc~s his work badly." That is all very nice, but the Poles instinc- , tivE~ly mistrust it. It must be said that the Ccneral's career does not advance his cause. His paren~_s were memb~rs of the gentry, and during the war they wer.e deported to the C'SSR with other family members. In 1945, they did not choose to return, but their 22 year old son Wojciech, for his part, did. He rejected the family national.ism, en- listed in ti~e Polish Army established on Soviet territory, and participated in th~r repression of the Polish anticommunist underground fighters. At 37, he found _ himself head of the political departme~t of the Army, and then, using that as a 1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500030050-8 ~~c~i~ c~t~r�ictnt. usi~: ~N~,v s springboard, made a parallel advance in the military ar~d commi:rist hierarchies. All of this appears to have made him the perfect apparatchik. Nowever, while he was Ptinister oE Defense in 1970, Gener?1 Jaruzelski opposed the use of force against the first_ st.ikers in Cdansk. Ten years la[er, his atti[ude had not changed, and he went so Ear as to order Polish soldiers not to Eire on Polish workers. Lech Walesa reg~rds him as one of the lesser evils." However, he has real authority iri the Army, and this is"an important point for the Poles, be- cause two-thirds of the population (see poll on p 36) believe that the Army repre- sents the nat;on. Those who know the Ceneral state that he is perEectly well aware oE the Polish reality and [hat his purpos~ is to gavern wi~h the blessing of the Church. This is douh[]ess tru~. The decree estahlishin~ marfial law, if indecd it prohibits meetin~;s, marches ancl ~ven perCormances, makes an exceptian for rc~ligious cc~re~- monies and public worship. This represents implici[ reco~ni[ion of thc~ fact that the Church plays a morc~ import~nt role in Poland than in .~ny othc~r country. Thr~c role is not of recent da~c~. Since the bap[isn~ of Poland in 966, the Church has exercised official functions which are deeEr-rootc~d in ~he lifc~ of the nation and ~ the state. Most important, from 1772 to 1917, Poland wa5 ciivide~~c~rt ,~,uch .is lhlt ~,ivcn ~is hy l~rance, for example. But alsc~ _ ~�~�un~,mi~~ {~r~~a:;urc~ wl~icl~ ~�rin hc~ m~~5t t~iFecti.ve. Al) c>c�~nomi.c ~id shoii]d he Suspc~nded, 5 FOR Or~'!~'~:`.i. U5F: ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500034450-8 I~OR OFf~l('I,U. l'tiH' ONI.1' except for food assistance. And food assistance must itself be supervised and addressed particularly to the Church. Lastly, serious thou~ht must be ~iven to what can be done in the informational field. The worst thin~; is silence. Remember Cambodia whcre everytliing hapn~~ned in sil.enc:e. _ [Question] All things considered, Solidarity was taken unaware. Did you make mistakes in yo~ir estimate ~f the situation? 'L. KowaleF�ski: We thou~;ht that thin~;s would move more slowly. We were not exPectin~; ~i sudden savage coup. We clo nc~t h