JPRS ID: 10343 WORLDWIDE REPORT NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AND PROLIFERATION

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030052-6
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 52
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10343 -
19 February 1982
- Woridwide Re ort
p
NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AND PROLIFERATION
CFOUO 2/82~
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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FnR nF~i(`IAI, l ~SF: nN1.Y
JPRS L/10343
19 February 1982
WORLDWIDE REPORT
NUCLEAR DEVELOPMEi~T AND PROLIFERATION
(FOUO 2/82)
CONTENTS
ASIA
JAPAN
Reprocessed Plutonium for Light Water Reactor Power Generation
(MAINICHI SH Il~IBUN, 31. Dec 81) 1
- Screngthened Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Budget Exa~?~ne~
(DEN KI SHtTMBUN, 9 Jan 82) ............e 1t
- LATIN AMERICA
BRALIL
Status of Nuclear Development Reported
(Bernardo Kucinski; THE GUARDIAN, 29 Dec 81) 6
WEST EUROPr,
TTALY
Minister o� Industry Issues License for Caorso Plant
(ATOMO ~ INDUSTRIA, 15 Nov-1 Dec 81) 9
- a - [III - WW - 141 FOUO]
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~'OR O1~ F'1('IAI, IJtiH: ONI.Y
JAPAN
REPROCESSED PLUTONIUAi FOR LIGHT WATER REACTOR POWER GEN IIZATION
Tokyo MAINICHI SHIMBUN in Japanese 31 Dec 81 p 1
[Article: "Plutonium ~xeracted Through Re-Processing To Be Used for Light-
Water-Reactor-Type Nuclear Power Generation; As Early as First Half of Next
Year; Will Seek US Consent on Occasion of Negotiations in March"]
[Text]
According to what was clarified by a nucleai~ energy policy official
on the 30th, Jaoan has decided to use the plutonium which is ex~tracted
through *he re-processing orspent nuclear fuel at nuclear power plants, as
ruel ror light-water-reactor-type nuclear power generation now in operation,
as earl~ as the first half of 1982, ahead of the rest of the world. For~
this purpose, it will resume Japan-US nuclear energy negotiations as early as
March and obtain ~S agreement.to use plutonium. On the other hand, it wili
obtain final confirmatio~ or, such problems as the construction of a second
re-processing plant in Japan. As a result, commercialization of the
- Japanese nuclear energy industry will begia to move on a full scale towa~rd
complertion of the nuclear fuel cycle.
Two Committe~s for Commexcialization; MITI's Policy
The fear is strong that use of plutonium as a fuel (pluthermal) in light-wate
reactors, which account ror nearly 80 percent of the reactors at the nuclear
power plants in the�world at prese*~t, will make the manufacture of plutonium
atomic bombs easy. Therefore, it has been strictly restricted,from t:~e
standpoint of preventin~ nuclear proliferation. However, plutonium is
accumulated every day in nearly 270 reactors in the world, which are alreac?~
in operation. Even in the light of the economic feas;bility inherent to
nuclear energy, to the effect that fuel once spent can be used again, tlie
necessity for pluthermal has been pointed out.
In Japan, too, plutonium as a fuel ~or light-water reactors is in a
- state where it can be used at two nuclear power plants the Mihama Nuclear
Power Plant of Kansai Electric Power arid the Tsuruga Nticlear Power Plant
of the Japan Atomic Power Company and a go sign f~r imp~~rts from the US
is being awaited. It is said that an international political decision and
timing as to social environment are the only remaining problems.
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- f�Y)K l)hl~I( IAt. lltiH: ONI.Y
In this situatior., Japan has a bitter history or being the onl~ A-~orw
s~'_~tim country, and therefore, both its control and surveilla~ce s~ructures
- are relatively complete in the world, as to nuclear non-proliferation. T_:
r:~s accumulated actual records as generally the onl~ acvazced naticn as ta
nuclear eaergy, which has never been suspected of nuciear proliferation to
tne Middle East and South Ar~erica. On such occasions as the INF~E (Inter-
national Nuclear ruel Cycle Evaluation) Conference, which was held under
- the CARTER Administration, Japan cpposed the plan of the US, 9ritain and
France .`or international monopoly of nuclear energy in the commercia~ field.
T!~~:;reiore, Ja~an has received the international evaluat~on that at present,
there is no other countr; except Japan ~nat can start using ~lutoniur~-use

, light-~;atar reactors, with importance attached to econo~nic feasibility.
~ Esoeciall~, Japan depends upon foreign countries for uranium reseurces,
too, and when plutonium created through re-processing of spent uranium `ue1
is used agai*~ as a fuel for reactors, it can be regarded as a semi-home-producea
- ~uei. Its meaning or security in t?~e fields or economic =easibility and
~nergy is very Dig. Therefore, the Science and Technology P.genc~, :�?ITi, and
eiectric ~ower industry circles have been aiming at using ~lutonium as a
- nucl2a^ fuel ~or nuclzar power generation, from early on. Ir, the case
oF ''Fugen" (outt ut: 165,OG0 K4!), a prototype reactor `or tne ne~-t~i~n
~onverter reactor (ATR advanced thermal ^eactor), tne ~irst power ?enerat~an
~rit~ the plutonium-uranium ~ixed fuel entered a demonstration stage this
`all, and it is being tentat~:ely operated at ~resent. As to "Jeyc"
(r.ot u:,~ed ror power ger,eration), an exoerimental reactor ~or the fast breeder
~ reactor (FBr~), too, e:~oeriTents Ni'_1 be starte;i witnin ~~~2 to inc:,e.,~e the
OLtDL't rrom the 75,000 KW at aresent to 100,000 K'r1. Thus ~;JT'?Gd?^d:_or.~
t=or that pur; ose are ~eir.g cer^o'_et~d steadi'_y.
Taking such actual records into account, nuclear energy policy officials
3re asserting that nuclear proliferation can be fully prevented,by attaching
rh~ cor~cition tnat "O~ly the countrizs having high-level techrnlogy on the
r'�p, FBR, etc., can use plutonium as a fuel in limited, s~pcific light-water
rzactors." They are scheduled to obtain the final agreement of the REAGAN
P,dministration, which has already made a nearly 180-degree policy change
fro~n the prohibition measures under the CARTER Administration to ea.:in~
messures.
Y
In oushing commercialization, on the other hand, h1ITI will inaugurate,
early in January, two committees as advisory organs for the ITI yinister
a"?iutonium Re-Cycle Committee"(Chairman: Japan Atom~c Energ~ Research
Institute P.dviser Hiroshi t~fURATA) and a"Fast Breeder Reactor Practical Use
Cor~mittee" (Chairman: Tokyo University Pr~~fessor Yoshitsugu MISHIMA). Its
polic}~ is to establish strategy for development and commercializatior~ up till
the year 2000, at these Committees.
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I Ilhese Committees wi11 give long-term prospects ror huge amounts of
investme:~ts and a plan for ^onst^ucting nuclear energy-connected facilities,
- which will require a period of more than 10 yzars each. The Ministry intends t~
- urge private caoital to partic~pate in a positive way in the nuclear energy
- industry, which has already become a market amounting to ~'2 trillion annually.
- COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Shimbunsha 1982
i;SO: 4106/39
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rvn vrrii ~N~ u~c vlvt.t
JAPAN
STRENGTHENED NUCLEAFi FUEL CYCLE, BUDGET EXAMINID
Tokyo DENKI SHLiMBUN in Japanese 9 Jan 82 p 1
[Article: "Momentum To Be Given to Strengthening of Nuclear Fuel Cy~le;
Construction of 'Solidification Pilot Plant' Takes One Step Forward; Science
and Technology Agency's Nuclear Energy Budget; Location Measures Office Also
To Be ~stablished"]
[Text]
The Science and Technology Agency on the 8th clarified the de~3ils of
its nuclear energy budget for fiscal 1982. According to this, the characteristic
feature of the budget is that emphasis was given to the improv~ment and
strengthening of the zuclear fuel cycle which is reaching the stage of
demonstration, as well as to the continuation of large-scale projects for
~ nuclear fusion, multi-purpose high-~empera~ture gas furnaces, etc. As to
downstream, in particular, detailed designing of a~igh-level waste liquid
solidification pilct plant was approved, and one step forward has been taken
- as to the start of construction. In regard to l.ow-level waste liquid, too,
new measures are to be developed. As to upstream, adjusted designing of
a uranium enrichment prototype plant and other r~atters were approved by the
Finance Ninistry, and the start of construction is to be awaited. Also,
zstablishrnent of a Nuclear Energy Location Regional Measu:es Office in the
:~gency was approved. This is designed for comoz~ehensive promotion of location
as to nuclear er.ergy facilities from the standpoint of the State. It will
check into PA (public acceptance) as to location at the first stage and what
regional promotion should be, and put it into practice.
Efforts to Be Made for PA at First Stage and Regional Promotion, Too
' The said Agency's r~uclear energy aporopriations am~unt to ~�176,200
million (uo 0.7 percent over fiscal 1981) in the general account, and to
~66,900 million (up 12.2 percent over fisr_al 1981) in the electric power
special account, totaling ~F243 billion (up 3.6 percent). The appropriations
in the general account exceeded the demanded amount by ~1,100 million. This
means ~a slight increase in the amount of cash, because the limited amount of
, liabilities on the Treasury was curtailed on a wide scale. '~'he increase rate
- ot thp demanded amount, including that in the electric power special account,
is 3.8 percent, and the amount of appropriations is somewhat smaller than
that.
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The characteristic feature of the contents of the nuclear energ~ budget
is that new measures were worked out in the f~eld of the nuclear fuel cycle,
wi:ich is reaching the stage of denor.stration, in additicn to the conti:~uat~on
- of r~edium- and long-range,large-scale projects for nuclear fusion, multi-
~urpose h~gh-temperature gas Turnaces, FBR's (fast breeder reactors), ete., as
before.
In regard to downstr�eam, ~etailed designing (~1,500 million) of the
higl:-level waste liquid solicification pilot plant by the Powe: Reactor and
Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation was approved, follcwing ~he ~asic
designing. The policy of the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Deve~opment
Cor~oratian is to push detailed designing in riscal 1982 and 1983, start the
construction of the plant in fiscal 198~+, and start the operation t~:ereof in
riscal 1987.
, The demcnstration of glass so~idi~ication tec;~niques :~ill be carried out,
~ollowing the start of the operation of high-level radioactive materials
reszarch faciiit_es (CPF) in the sprizg of this year. Deveiopment of
cec~niaues on t'~e disposal of radioactive was~e (~200 million) and ^esearc: en
t~e standards Forthe disposal of rad~oat~ve waste (~70 ;nillion) are a~so aew
measures. In the case or the former, development of new techniques for ~he
ce~~rease of low-level waste, elimination of cor.tamination, solidification, etc.,
- wiil be pubiicly invited from private circles, and subsidies will be granted.
:'~e case of th~ latter, resaarch cn standards will ~e carried out so that
~erF�rmor~c~ snd so :=orth car. ~e checked, ~n preparat'on ~or the pract~cal use
0= Z@'~ SOilCjli iE'.C ~1dSt1CS ~ c5 'AE11 dS research Ofl t:1~ so-ca'_~ed ~~~JOT ~Cf?1 ClltS~~
of low-~eve1 waste.
~ In the field of upstream, the uranium enrichment protot~pe plant is a
star item. Ar. appropriation of ~960 million, including an adjustment
expense (~�500 million) to prepare for the construction, has been earmarked,
the sharing of runds between the Government and private circles has been
decided, and the early start of tne construction will be awaited. Also, an
expense (~100 million) for publicity measures concerning the nuclear fuel cycle
to promote location as to the nuclear fuel cycle, including the second
' re-processing plant for orivate circles, uranium enrichment, and the "Monju"
FBR, has been newly budgeted, and PR activities will be embarked upon from
- the standpoint of the S~ate.
In the field of organization, on the other hand, it has been decided that
a Nuclear Energy Location Regional Measures Office will be established. This
Office will check cross-sectionally and comprehensively, from the standpoint
� of the State, into the nuclear fuel cycle, PA as to firs~-stage location
of nuclear energy facilities including new-type reactors, regional promotion,
etc., and put them ir..to practice. Nuclear energy liaison co-ordinators
(numbering 8) under the Office Chief will also be assigned to this Office, and
co-operation with local self-governing bodies also will be made close.
. COPYRIG~; Nihon Denki Kyokai 1982
: CSO: 4106/39
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BRAZIL
- STATUS OF NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT REPORTED
1'M291329 London THE GUARDIAN in English 29 Dec ~1 p 6
[Dispatch by Bernardo Kucinski: "Argentine Boast Spurs Brazil Into Race far the
Bomb"]
[Text] Sao Paulo--In the agreeable, yatchtpacked Botafdg~ Bay, in Rio de Janeiro,
stand the headquarters of Bra2il's Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), where feverish
activity goes on these days. An Italian team has just arrived, under the nuclear
cooperation agreement recently signed with Italy. Similar agreements exist with
the United Kingdom, Argentina and Iraq.
The Italians will help Ivano Marchesi, a senior CNEN official and nuclear engineer,
to develop a breeder reactor, something very few countries are doing. This will
- be only one of the tasks o� a large new nuclear research centre CNEN is setting up
in Rio de Janeiro. The place is appropriately called Camp di Roma--it is the
Italian connection, the newest of Brazil's multiple efforts to reduce Argentina's
lead in nuclear capability.
Five weeks ago, an airborne delivery of German-made equipment for the production
of nuclear grade uranium arrived in Sao Paulo at the Institute for Energy and
Nilclear Researches (IPEN), Brazil's largest atomic centre, employing about 1,500
people.
The new equipment, part of a much wider German connection, will substantially
increase IPEN's uranium purification capacity. This is the material--not to be
confused with enriched uranium--that Brazil secretly supplied to Iraq early this
year. It can be used either to fuel natural uranium or breeder reacto~s where
a proportion is transformed into weapons grade plutonium by neutron irradiation.
Given a strong neutron source this transformation can be induced without a reactor.
Brazil's armed forces general staff is now convinced that Argent:ina is ready to
produce an atom bomb--depending only on a political decision to do so--if it hasn't
already produced it. The head of Argentina`s Nuclear Authority, Admiral Castro
Madero, has recently confirmed this evaluation, but assured the world that a
decision to make a nuclear device will never be taken.
Brazil's generals are not satisfied with such assurances. They also feel deeply
frustrated with the failures of the German-sponsored nuclear power programme.
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FQR OFFI(�~at. t~~N. ont.~~
Unly two plants, ot eigh[ proposed, are being built after construction faul[s
that tripled costs, and will not be ready before 1985 anyway.
A Cerman system to enrich uranium, the jet nozzle system, on which the Brazilians
pinned their hopes, has also r_ot yet proved to be effective. Worse, Brazil's
fir~t, American-made, reactors is hampered by faults that may make it forever
nonoperational.
But in the shadow of these ventures, other projects were discreetly launched by
- the National Security Council. Old ones were revived, all of them in accelerated
_ tempo. Physicists are being offered positions they cannot refuse; there are no
limits for the acquisition of equipment; and some PHD scholarships abroad are
being referred to as "missions."
Almost everywhere one finds a helpful German hand. Either they want to buy
indulgence from the fiasco of their power plants building, or for strategic reasons
- of their own. One such sicreet project is IPEN's pilot plant for the reprocessing
of spent fuel. The equipment for radiation protection, wich allowed the plant
to operate with real plutonium, was provided by the Germans as a gift.
~ 'I'his plant is an example of Brazil's way of gaining time. This was a laborat~ry
set with near to zero capacity, which was expanded to produce a sizeable output,
if operated around the clock. It is ready now to reprocess 11 lb of plutonium
a year--half the amount needed for one bomb. There is no international safeguard
on the plant.
The prablem remains of acquiring spent fuel to process if the basic power plants
are n~t operating. This is wtiere the Italians come into the picture. The breeder
reactor they will help develop uses either plutonium or highly enriched uranium
as fuel. A breeder research project is the perfect smokescreen for military nuclear
research.
Brazil had French assistance at first, but neither the French nor the Americans
wished to provid:. ti:e highly enriched uranium needed. Then the Brazilians discovered
that the Italians were actually partners to the French breeder projec:t. After
Mr Mitterrand's victory in France, a final decision was taken to ask for Italian
help.
Campo di Roma was conceived to match IPEN in size and scope. But an even more
important nuclear research compound is in advanced stage of assembly, as part of
the air force technological centre in Sao Jose dos Campos, near Sao Paulo. It
lJ1S from this centre--the Laboratory for Advanced Studies (LEA)~-that much of
firazil's nuclear research was coordinated.
[,I:~ is a large hexagonshaped, bomb-proof building, partially underground, which
already stores Brazil's larp;est scientific computer, costing nearly $S million
and already loaded with nuclear data declassified by more advanced countries.
LEA was the life dream of the late Colonel Jose Albano Amarante, a senior member
of the military scientific community. One of his proejcts was the construction
of centrifuges for the enrichment of uranium. The parts .are being built in the
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air force facilities in Sao Jose dos Campos while nuclear studies continue ai: IPEN,
although uranium enrichment by laser is also under trial.
Another research centre is now being built under army authority, in the seaside
rocket-tracking base of Maraznbaia, Rio de Janeiro. The army hopes to produce a
- replica of the comprehensive facilities at Sao Jose dos Campos.
The Brazilian approach appears to be one of shooting in all possible directions,
hoping that one shot will hit the target. The most intriguing piece of the puzzle
is the speeding up of purified uranium production--a fuel Brazil cannot possibly
use.
They may have plans to build a natural uranium reactor such as Argentina's, because
this is the reactor type most suited to the production of weapons grade plutonium.
It may, however, be a bargaining counter--fuel to be offered, if not to Iraq then
to some other country capable of having it irradiated, on a basis of sharing the
finished product.
COPYRIGHT: Guardian Newspapers Limited, 29 December 1981
CSO: 5100/2073
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ITALY
MINISTER OF INDUSTRY ISSUES LICENSE FOR CAORSO PLANT
Rome ATOMO E INDUSTRIA, in English 15 Nov-1 Dec 81 p 12
~Text~
The Technical Commission for fiere we are at Caorso and eve-
Nuclear Safety, meeting i~n Rome rythi�ng is blown up. A leakfng
on 26 November under the Presi- fiange in any plant is a flange to
dency of Prof. Maurizio Cumo, be repaired, nothing more; here
unanlmousiy expressed a fevora- it creates a case The President
ble opinion for the issue of the of Enel sdded to this �reply of the
provisional operation license for Mlnistor: � Moreover all the break-
tho Caorso nuclear plant until the downs, all the shut-downs are do-
first refuelling which is expected cumentable. And they are Iisted
to take place in September 1982. at the information ce~ntre which
The � provisional � is not a symp- we are opening at Caorso just
tom of persisting perplexities about today, accessibie to everyone
the s3fety of the power station, Going on to examine a more ge-
but is in accordance with the law neral aspect the Minister also said
on nuclear safety (DPR 185 of that with the Caorso power station
1964), which lays down in art. the risks of black-out are reduced
51 that the license should be gran. but ~not el~minated. � We need a
ted � by successive phases of ope- capaciry of 29,000 MWe to be
ration safe - he went on; now we ~ave
The Minister of Industry, there- 26,500. So we lack 2,500. Becom-
fore, signed the decree for the ing operative, Caorso will pive us
start of commercial operation of o5 e at on alsoWOnentof dthe Pwo~ il
the plant on 28 November. The P
opinion of the Technical Commis- fuel groups of the Porto Tolle
sion was expressed on the basis power station at the cost of bring-
of the certificate that the tests ing the fuel with Ilghters, i~n view
had yielded a positive result drawn of the difficulties to complete the
up by the CNEN's Central Safety oi~l pipeline. That wlll make another
and Protection Department (DISP) 640 MWe: alYogether 1,480 dNWe.
on 30 October last. This last news So we wlil still lack 1,000 and this
item had been given by the Mini- wil�I be the risk � Concern is for
ster himself on t6 November on the cluded~rebece serweea ehtremen-
occaslon of the innuc~uration of the
Information Centre of the Caorso ~ mlYand etheitcoaheone.ClAnd ~we
Power Statlon, set up by Enei as are beginni~ng to pay f~or this delay
hed elready been done for the Mon- ~nd will pay far it more and more
talto df Castro Power Station.
To a Journalist who had asked, in tcrms of the lack of competiti-
- on this occasion, for an explan_ veness of our industries
atio~ of the 69 shut-downs of the And ~now same words about the
power station in these 4 years of Caorso Information Centre, set up
tests, the Minister replied as `ol- by Enel on the basis of the re-
lows: �Corbellinl, present here, has quests of the local author(ties of
explained to me thet of the 69 shu;- the Caorso Commu~ne, the Provin-
downe, 39 were due to human er- ces of Piacenza end Cremona end
rors. With regard to the others, the Emilla-Romagna Region.
let !is ~remember one thing: that
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The Centre is built on an area k~now about- t~ie activity of the
bordering on the power station,
power station a~nd the data on the
but separated from it to permit environmental impact of the pro-
free and uncontrol~led access for ductian of electric energy from tre
all the citizens. The building is a nuclear source. Tne �experlence ob-
� heavy � prefabricated construction tained i~n this period at the similar
- with a useful area of about 850 Montalto di Castro Centre proves,
square metres. There is lecture in fact, that these structures can
hall with over 220 seats, equipped really become an opportun;ty for
with 35 mm and 16 mm film pro- the population and for the orga-
jectors, a projector for slides, ~lu- nizations it sets up.
minous blackboard, and amplifica- Here the citize~ns - Enel affirms
tion pl~nt. The exhibltion makes ~ - W~II be able ta ask and listen,
use of panels, um us- sT(3es, but also speak and discuss and not
modeis, manik6ns, stands with ondy about problems concerning
questions and answers. nuciear energy, but about all ener_
The centre gives information not gy problems in general.
only on the problems concerning The i~nauguratian of the Informa-
nuclear energy, but also on achie- tion Centre was accompanied b'y
vements and studies on integrative another i~nformatlonal initiative of
sources (solar, wind, biomasses) Enel's: the publication of the f(rst
and it dedicates particular space to issue of a periodical ~ Caorso !n-
energy saving, which is also con- forma to be published in 15,000
sidered an indispensabie source of copies and distributed free of char-
energy. ge at the Centre and mailed to
An information Unit of Enel's local Agencies, Parties, Trade
Press and Public Relations Office Unions, the cultural Associatlans,
wili be present at the Centre at the schools, newspapers and other
the disposal of all those, Authorf- local organizations in which the
ties and ~:tfzens, who want to iife of the callectivity is expressed.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 by Edizioni Atomo e Industria
CSO: 5100/2075 END
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030052-6