JPRS ID: 10396 USSR REPORT INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500040042-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 42
• Content Type: REPORTS

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- JPRS L./ 10396
16 Mdreh 1982
U SSR Re ort
p
INTERI~ATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
CFOUO 2/82)
FBIS FOREI~N BROADC/~ST INFORNEATION ~ERVICE
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- JPRS I,/10396
16 l~iarch 198 2
USSR REPOR~f ~
INTEF~NATIONAL ECONC?MIC RELATIONS
(k'Oi~p 2/8 2
CONTENTS ~
USSR-WORLD TRADE
UK Correspondent Discuasea Sov~et Gold Sales
(David Marsh; FINANCIAL TINLES, 15 Jan 82) 1
USSR-CEMA TRATiE
CEMA Fuel, Energy Problems
(Anato liy Ivanovich Zubkc~~~; VOPROSY EKONOMIKI, Oct 81) 3
~ Handbook on Soviet, CEMA Agricult~are
(MIR SO~SIALIZMA V TSIFRAI~i I FARTAI~i, 1980) 13
;
~ - a - [III - USSR - 38a FOUO]
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USSR-WORLD TRADE
UK CORRESPONDENT DISCUSSES SOVIET GOLD SALES
PM151223 London FINANCIAL TIMFS in English 15 Jan 82 p 2
[Report by David Marsh: "Low Gold Price Coulc~ Prove Costly for Russia"]
[Text] "The Russians are disappointed that the gold price is not higher with
all these problems in the world."
That was the doleful comment of a leading Swiss bullion dealer back in August
when, in spite of the South African invasion of~Angola and the shooting down
of Libyan jets by U.S~. fighters, the gold price persistently refused to budge
above $430 per ounce.
- Five months later, the men responsible for the Kremlin's~gold sales in
Vneshtorgbank, the Soviet foreign trade bank, are wearing even longer faces.
Sliding Soviet foreign exchange reserves are forcing the Russians to sell more
- gold to the West. But, in an exact-turn-round af the events after the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan two years ago, rising East-West tension this time is
failing to give the customary boost to the bullion price.
The military clamp-down in Poland gave gold only a temporary pre-Christmas
sparkle. Yesterday, dogged by high interest rates and world recession, the
pric.:. in London slid to $376 the lowest for well over two years against a
- shurt-lived peak of $850 in. January, 1980.
- Af.ter making large-scale gold sales in December--wh~ch boosted overall deliveries
in 1981 to an estimated 200-220 tonnes--the Russians seem to have been absent
= from the London and Zurich markets during the past few days in a bid to keep
prices from falling further.
South Africa, the world's biggest producer, has no: been keen to sell at under
$400 per ounce either. But dealers believe that the Soviet Union this year will
- be forced to continue selling at around the 1981 rate. The Russians need foreign
- exchan ge to cover continued grain imports and the cost of supporting hard-pressed
economies in Eastern Europe.
Accordin~ to one London bullion analyst: "The Russians will need to sell a
similar quantity af gold this year as in 1981. Gold is the thing that they sell
as a last resort. They mt~st be desperate."
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Moscow uses its Zurich-based trading bank, the Wozchod Handelsbank, as its main
sales agent. Last year, marketing was diversified to include New York, and the
Middle and Far East, as well as the two prime European centres.
Heavy sales during the second half of 1981 surprised some dealers. Normally,
the Sovi~t Union chooses only periods of rising prices to offload large amounts.
But 1~'~.esL Bank of England f igures show that Moscow ran down its foreign
exchange reserves to a dangerous level in London in August. This might have
partly reflected switching of reserves to other centres. But currency shortage
certainly forced the Russians to sell gold that month, in spite of tt~e fragile
price.
COPYRIGHT: The Financial Times Ltd, 1982
CSO: 1812/44
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USSR-CEMA TRAd1E
CEMA FUEL, ENERGY PROBLEMS
Moscow VOPROSY EKONOMIKI in Russian No 10, Oct 81 pp 93-99
/Article by Doctor of Economic Sciences Professor Anatoliy Ivanovich Zubkov, chief
of a department of the Institute of Economics of the World Socialist System of the
USSR Academy of Sciences: "The Fuel and Energy Problem in the CEMA Countries"/
/Text/ Or~e of the central places in the documents of the past congresses of the
Communist and Workers Parties of the socialist countries and in the plans of social
and economic development for 1981-1985 and the distant future is assigned to the
solution of the fuel and energy problem. Much attention is devoted to the questions
of the energy supply of the CEMA countri.es in the fu~l and raw material lon~-range
goal program.of caoperation, which is intended to continue until 1990, as well as
in the prc~cess of coorciinating th~ national economic plans for 1981-1985. At the
35th meeting of the session of CEMA (19$1) it was emphasized that the integration
ties of tne CEMA countries are pldying an important role in supplyiag the national
economy with fuel and raw materials.
The supply of the CEMA countries wirh fuel and energy is taking place under domes-
tic and foreign economic conditions which are becoming more complicated. In pra~-
tically all these counr_ries the increase of fuel production and the development of
pcwer engineering require increasing investments, which are connected with the
worsening of the conditions of the working of deposits, the increasing use of low-
calorie fuzl, the increase of the expenditures on environmental protection and so
on. For the countries, which import fuel an.d power, the expenditures on their pur-
chase have risen considerably as a result of the increase of the foreign trade
_ prices and the need to participate in investment construction projects on the ter-
ritory of the states which are suppl~.ers of fuel and energy resources. The impor-
tance of the economical and efficient use of energy resources and the assurance of
further economic development with the systematic decrease of the power-output ratio
of production is increasing in this situation. ~
National programs or decrees of directorial organs, which orient the natior:~l econ-
omy toward the highly efficient use of fuel, energy and other material resources,
have been adopted in the CEMA countries.i The set of u~easures on the saving of
energy is a component of the natianal economic plans of these countries for
19~1--1985. The measures in this area are aimed at the slimination of the unproduc.-
tive and wasteful consumption of energy resources within the framework of the pro-
- duction technology already being used in the national eccnomy. Along with this
the retooling of a number of sectors and the introduction in them of an energy- and
fuel-saving technology are planr~ed. A considerable set of ineasures is also being
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planned in the area of structural rearrangements and the updating of the Froducts
list in the directions of the limitation of the growth of some power- and f.uel~
consuming works and the preferential development of less power-consuming sectors.
_ Cansiderable allocations are beizg earmarked for the assurance of the economical
_ and efficient consumption of fuel and power. T'ae effectiveness of such investments
- is much greater as compared with the expenditures on the increase of the amount of
additional energy resources. For example, in the GDR the assets being allocated
for the efficient use of energy are from one-third to one-half of the expenditures
connected with the increa~e of the consump~ion of energy resources.
The economical con~umption of fuel and energy in the CEMA count.ries is beir.g en-
sured by the intro~uction of revised standards, the limitation ef the consumption
of resources, the increase of economic sanctions, the raising of wholesale prices
and the use of other levers. Thus, in Hungary the motor transport managements are
obligated to pay from the profit a large fine for the deadhead run of heavy-duty
trucks. In case of the evasion of this the fine is collected in 10 times the
amount. In the GDR hundreds of new norms of the consumption of energy have been
drawn up, which have gone into force as new standards. A decrease of the consump-
tion of energy by evaporators by 14-35 percent, by equipment in ceramics production
and baking by 15-17 percent and so on, for example, is cal].ed for by them. State
limits of the consumption of energy aad penalties, in conformity with which the
users pay 10 times the amount for its excessive consumption, have been introduced
_ here.
Measures of an organizational order, which ensure the efficient use of energy re-
sources, have acquired primary importance. They include the setting of a diff.eren-
tiated temperature in buildings, regulate the consumption of electric power in the
lighting of streets, roads and buildings, stimulate the consumption of power at the
works and in housing and municipal services during the periods of the minimum load
of the power supply network and so on. In transport the operation of worn out
~ trucks is being re3uced and the multishift operation of ecanomical vehicles is be-
ing introduced, the fleet of official passen~er cars is being reduced, norms of
their total kilometers logged and operating time are being established, the maximum
traffic speed on roads is being restricted. The retail prices for gasoline and the
charge of fuel and powe~ have been increased in a number of countries. The revi-
sion of the wholesale prices for fuel and energy is stimulating econor.iic organiza-
tions to use them effic~ier~tlv, and since chis case the prices for imported ener-
gy carriers