JPRS ID: 10436 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050012-8
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• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 12
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 1 Q436 .
2 April 1982
Lati~ America Re ort
p
cFOUO 4is2~
Fg~$ FOREIGN BROADCA~;T INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
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other characteristics retained.
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mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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FOR 1 ~
JPRS L/10436
2 April 1982
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
(FOUD 4/82~
CONTENTS
COUNTRY SECTION
BOLI~'IA
Foreign Minister on Diplomatic Ties With PRC
(Ogiso; MAINICHI SHIMBUN, 23 Feb 82) 1
BRAZIL
Opposition Leader Brizola Cotmnents on U.S. Threate
(Jorge Timossi; PRELA, 24 Feb 82) 2
CUBA
Results of First Soviet-Cuban Long Term Accord Noted
(Vladimir Burmistrov; FOREIGN TR.ADE, Jan 82) 3
New 'PANA' Agency Hailed
~PRELA, 22 Feb 82) 11
Soviet Assistance in Citrus Development Noted
(Yuri Zhizhin, Alla Fyodorova; FOREIGN TRADE, Jan 82) 12
Communique Issued With Guinea-Bissau Governn;::Zt
~PRELA, 17 Mar 82) 17
Briefs
Nigerian Ties 18
F.L SALVADOR
Ambassador Says Haig's Statements Distorted
(DIARIOS Y NOTICIAS, 17 Mar 82) 19
_ a - [III - LA - 144 FGu~.?~
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MEXICO
Briefs
Guatemalan Military Incursions 21
SURINAME
Military Council Declaration on Unsuccessful Coup
~PR~LA, 18 Mar 82) 22
. - b -
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COUNTRY SECTION BOL'IVIA
FOREIGN MINISTER ON DIPLOMA'1'IC TIES WTTH PRC
OW251453 Tokyo MAINICHI SHIMBUN in Japanese 23 Feb 82 mon:tng edition p 9
[Article by correspondent Ogiso]
[Tsxt] La Paz, 21 Feb--Bolivian Foreign Minister Gonzalo Alvorez recently granted
an intervieur to this reporter (correspondent Ogiso) at the foreign minister's
office in La Paz. The foreign minister said that despite the fact Bolivia main-
tains diplomatic relations with Taiwan and has no state relations with China,
"we attach importance to f_uture prospects on the Chinese continent from an economic
viewpoi.nt, and we want to promote trade with China through the cooperation of
- Japanese general trading comapnies." In reply to this reporter's queation, he
said: " At present we are studying, as a basic national question, whether or not
- to switch our diplomatic relations from Tai~.~an to China."
Bolivia is now under a military rule headed by Army Lt Gen Gelao Torrelio, the
_ president. In its inter,nation~l payments in 1980, Bolivia sustained deficits of
as much as $4 billion due to a fs~1 in the price of copper and ~~ther it.ms. The
coLmtry's economy is in a'oad situation with 70 percent of its expor*_ aarnings
~ going toward the repayment of foreign debts. Despite these ecunomic difficulties,
the Unitad States and the European nations have suspended eccrnomic and technical
assistance since 197F on the groim.ds that the Bolivian Government is reprF:ssing
the human rights of the Catholic clergy. For thi~3 reason the South American
cotmtry devalued its currency early this month by an enormous 76 percent, and the
rightist military regime is now trying to close in on Crina with its eyes open to
its future prospects.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Shimbunsha 1.982
CSO: 3010/989
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BRAZIL
COUNTRY SECTION
a
OPPOSITION LEADER BRIZOLA CONA~ENTS ON U.S. THREATS
PA252300 Havana PRELA in English 2220 GMT 24 Feb 82
. [Article by Jorge Timossi, special correspondent]
[Text] Managua, 25 Feb (PL)--Brazilian Labour Party leader Leonel Brizola said
that when governments like the United States'make threats of intervention "the
Latin Americans have to take those threats as given facts."
The leader of the Democratic Labour Party of Brazil analyzed for PRF.NSA LATINA
some aspects of the meeting of the Permanent Commission of Political Parties
of Latin America (COPPPAL), recently closed in this capital, and the present
political situation in the continent.
Brizola, one of the COPPPAL's six vice presidents, proposed in the deliberations
that the U.S. threats against the peoples of Central America and the Caribbean
should be underlined in particular.
"This is the most burning and overruling problem at present in Latin America,"
he commented, and what is important is that organizati~ons like COPPPAL take steps
not solely to denounce the problem.
The Brazilian opposition leader said that it is mainly a question of popularizing
"our warnings of the dangers of U.S. intervention. Because in the main we must
count on our peoples to stop that aggression."
He indicated that in Brazil the popular sectors are carrying out intensive acti-
vities to publicize and explain the present situation in the Cerrral American
and Caribbean region.
"We are going through historic times when we cannot allow--he underlined--the
U.S. Government and the ruling oligarchic class in Latin America to Isol~te
Nicaragua as it has tried to do with Cuba."
Brizola underlined in particular the positive role of Mexico in this period and
Che importance of the visit paid to Nicaragua by the Mexican president, Jose Lopez
Portillo.
Moreover, he pointed out that the fact that the .meeting of the COPPPAL was held
in Nicaragua "means the reaffirmation of solidarity with the Nicaraguan people
and their Sa.ndinist revolution."
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
RESULTS OF FIRST SOVIET-CUBAN LONG TERM ACCORD NOTED
Moscow FOREIGN TRADE in English No 1, Jan 82 pp 7-11
[Article by Vladimir Burmistrov]
[Text~
Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union
and Cuba, broken aff in 1952, were resumed on
May 8, 1960. Trade and economic relations w~re re-
established almost immediately. The new social and
economic conditions, emerging in the young repub-
lic, demanded a radical change in the principles ap-
, plied to the foreign trade policy, one of which was
all-round expansion of trad~e and economic links
with the socialist community nations, the USSR in
particular.
Soviet-Cuban trade relations as they developed
gave rise to broadeiiing economic, scientific and
technological cooperation that embracerl all the key
branches of Cuba's national economy-sugar, nic-
kel, agricultural, electric power, buildin~ and trans-
port industries.
A qualitatively new stage in economic coopera-
tiun between the Soviet Union and the Republic of
Cuba began ~vith the signing in Februai�~~ 1976 of
th~. (irst lon~-term trade agreement bctween the
t~vo cc~untries for a five-yea?- pe;riod. Thr friencll~~
nations have progressc:d to long-term plannins? of
il~cir economic relations and closer coordination of
their national economic development plans. More,
_ ~he 1976-1980 ti-ade agreement, a major component
of the large trade and economic cooperation pra
gramme, was of crucial significance for Cuba to
fulfil its five-vear social and economic development
plan.
It is quite in keeping to dwell on the role forei?n ~
~ rad~ plays in the national economic pattern of
Cul~a since it has alwavs beCn a leading economic
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scctor due to the country's history and climate.
Underdeveloped industries prevalent in the pre-re-
;~ulutionary Cuba, one-crop system in agriculture
~ind practically complete lack of fuel-power re-
suurces predetermined the notable dependence of
Cuba's economy on foreign markets. Any develop-
ing industry depends on import of machines, equip-
ment, industrial raw materials, energy carriers, etc.
Exports are no less important since Cuba ships
uverseas more than 90 per cent of its sugar and
practically all output of its mining industry and
many types of agricultural products. All in.all about
30 per cent of its GNP is being sold, on external
markets.
The Soviet-Cuban Long-Term Trade Agreement
turned out to be a component part of Cuba's five-
year plan of social and economic development for
1976-1980. Soviet machines and equipment, indus-
trial raw material, building materials, energy car-
riers and many other commodities suppl~ied under
this agreement to a large extent determined the
growth rates and the ver,y directions of develop-
ment tak~n by many branches of Cuba's national
economy.
Soviet Export in Cuba's Total Imports
(per cent)
Oil and oil p?�od.ucts.
~4'heat and lluur
Pc ~�t il ir.c:'s 91
F~rruus metals (rulled stock, 69
rig iron, scrap~
Cars 8~
Trucks
Buses 37
Bus chassi~s 78
Metal~uttimg lathes 2~
This Table points to the great importance of
Saviet products for Cuba. It was particularlv so
I~ur thc 1976-1980 periud when the Soviet Union was
tl~c singlc or in some cases t11e main sourcc meeti~lg
thu necds uf Cuba's devel~ping econom,y for the
m~~.j~rity of such vitally impurtant goods as oil
cu~cl uil uruducts, fertilizers, pig iron, rolled ferrous
n~ctals, cott~n, ;rain, transport faciliti~s, aii�craft
inclucted, tractors, agricultural and road-building
niachinerv, Uesides a number of othcr industrial
Uoods and foodstuf~s.
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The Long-T�erm Trade Agreement for 1976-1980
~vas tl~e firm legal base on ~vhich the gocds ex-
chan~~ between the two nations substantially Qrew.
Trade Turnover Between the USSR and Cuba
for the 1976-1980 Period
~ (min rubles)
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
Turnover 2,589 2,872 3,452 4,169 4,249 4,266
Soviet cxport 1,141 1,351 1,635 1,947 2,113 2,288
Soviet import 1,448 1,521 1,817 2,222 2,136 1,978
Cc~nsidering thc ~Five�y~~ar period as a whole tne
~oods exchange amoui~ted to a consideraUle sum-
nearlv Iq,U00 million nibles, a nearly 2.7-f~ld iii-
crease as cc3mpared with the previous 1971-1975
period. The total goods exchange growth between
the USSR and Cuba for 1976-1980 reached almost
65 per cent. In 1980 the Soviet Union's export to
Cuha amounted to 2,288 million rubles, a twoFuld
increase as compared with 19?5 although its import
- Erom Cuba grew somewhat slower; in 1980 it rose
by some 37 per cent and was wort!~ 1,978 million
rubles.
The Soviet Union's proportion in Cuba's foreign
trade successively increased during the five-year
period due to the Cuban foreign trade policy aim-
cd at curtailing to the maximum imports paid for
in convertible currency and at promoting ship-
ments Erom the socialist community countries, the
Soviet Union in particular. In 1975 the USSR ac-
counted for about 48 per cent of Cuba's total trade,
in 1979-68.8 per cent.
A reduction of the Soviet share in Cuba's foreign
, trade to under 60 per oent in 1980 was brough2 about
by a number of natural calamities befalling the
republic that year, particu~larly sugar-cane and to-
bacco-plant diseases which caused a notable deciine
in shipments of sugar and other goods to the Sa
vi~et Union.
In its turn the Republic of Cuba accounted for
5-6 per cent of Soviet foreign trade in the 1976-1979
period amd for a little less in 1980 owing to a no-
table decline in Cuba's exports af certain goods
(mainly sugar).
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Soviet export structure in 1976-1980 remaine~d
rather stable, undergoing no radical changes. Pro-
portions of individual goods, including machines,
equipment and energy carriers, were raised some-
what. As for the majority of goods their proportions
in the total volum~e of deliveries v~rere relatively
stable despite absolute an~d at times very consider-
abte increases of their volumes.
Scviet export structure meets rather fully rrearly
all n~eeds of the Ciiban national economy and po-
pulation for industrial and transport equipment,
raw and building materials, chemicals, foodstuffs,
I~ousel~~ld goods and recreational facilities. Major
Su~~iet export it~~ms are petroleum and petroleu;n
pi�uaucts as well as machines, equipment and trans-
port Facilities. These two groups accounted in in-
clividu~l years for 50-60 per cent of all Soviet ex-
port~ to Cuba. Export of Soviet machines and equip-
Structure of Soviet Exports to the Republic of Cuba
1975 ~ 1976 1977 1978 1979 _ 1980 -
Family ~roups min. rel. ml~. rel. min. rel. min. rel. min. ral. min. rel.
of goods rubl. share rubl. share rubl. share rubl. share rubl. I s oare rubl. I sha~re
I o 0
o ~io I % %
I /o
Total, 1,141.3 1,351 1,635 1,947 2,113 Z~288
including:
A4achines and equipment 278 24.4 367 27.2 447 27.3 560 28.8 636 30.1 741 32.4
Oil and oil products 248 21.7 288 21.3 375 22.9 490 25.2 578 27.4 612 26.7
Ferrous metals in~cluding
rolled stock 61 5.3 82 6.1 93.9 5.7 101.3 5.2 106.1 5.0 ]Ob 4.7
Clu�micals 17 1.5 12 0.9 12.2 0.7 12.8 0.7 17.9 0.8 21.4 0.9
Fcrtilizcr~ 22.5 2.0 36.3 2.7 48.4 3.0 55.0 2.8 47.4 2.2 47.9 2.1
Timber, including sleepers 30.1 2.6 26.8 2.0 32.3 2.0 42.5 2.2 34.3 1.6 41.4 1.8
Raw cotton 18.7 1.6 23.7 1.8 24.0 1.5 28.9 1.5 26.6 1.3 31.7 1.4
Grain 62.7 5.5 62.8 4.6 91.9 5.6 64.4 3.3 82.5 3.9 94.1 4.1
Flour 62.7 5.5 67.2 5.0 67.3 4.1 39.5 2.0 56.7 2.7 ~7�7 2,5
Otlier foodstuEfs 91.2 8.0 89.6 6.6 107.2 6.6 111.3 5.7 127.8 6.0 108.0 4.7
I~c~uschold goods and re-
crcational tacilities 373 3.3 46.4 3.4 58.6 3.6 62 3.2 54.7 2.6 72.3 .
ment grew at a good pace during the five-year pe-
riod and amounted to 612 million rubles in 1980,
a nearl,y 2.5-fold increase as compared with the
previous five-year periad.
On the whole the planned deliveries for the past
five-year period were fulfilled and many shipments
of trucks, cars, buses, tractors, sugar-cane har-
vesters with components, passenger planes, cargo
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vessels and many other types of machines and
equipment were made over and above the planned
ob~ectives.
Petroleum and petroleum products in ] 980 ac-
counted for more than 32 per cent of all Soviet
export to Cuba. The growth rates of this tamily
of goods were the highast: oil deliv~eries trebled in
, 1980 as comgared with 1975. Their significance is
hard to overestimate since practically all the func-
tionability of Cuba's national ecanomy is baseci an
energy carriers imported from thz Soviet Union.
Soviet foreign trade associations supply the Re-
public of Cuba with fiertilizers, timber, rolled stock "
o[ ferrous and non-ferrous metals in addition to
many other goods. Many foodstuffs and consumer
goods are also supplied by the S~viet Union. In
1980 the deliveries of grain, flour. , tinned meat and
other foodstuffs approximated to 327 million ru-
bl~~s, a 1.5-fold increase for the five-year period.
P.mong the household goods and recreational facil-
ities are mainly electrical appliances, radios and
their equipment. Over 800 thousand radios, about
570 thousand TV sets, 250 thousand refrig~erators,
nearly half a million of washing machines were
shipped to Cuba during the five-year period.
Structure of Soviet Imports from the Republlc of Cuba
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
, min. rel. min. rel. min. rel. nuln. rel. min. rel. min. rel.
rubl. sha~re rubl. I sh ure rubl. I share rubl. I share rubl. I share rubl. I share
o � o~ % �~b %
T~,t:il 1.~d8 1,521 1,817 2,222 2,136 1,978
Nickrl ronrrntrat~ 7~ ~.1 94 6.1 117 6.4 76.8 3.5 63.3 3 81.9 ~.1
It:i~~� ,ugar 1,3d~3 92.8 1,398 91.9 1,675 92.2 2,117 95.3 2,038 95.4 1,858 ~)3~)
Cilrus Iruit 3 0.2 4 0.3 ~.2 0.3 9,2 0.4 IO.t 0.~ 13.9 0.~
Rum and liqueurs I1.~ 0.8 13.5 0.9 9.8 0.5 9.8 0.4 11.1 0,5 16.1 0.8
Other goods 15.6 1.1 11.5 0.8 10 0,6 9.2 0.4 13 0.6 7.8 0.4
The above data indicate that sugar is the main
~ item in Cuban exports to the USSR and it is quite
natu?�al that the volume oE its supply and its price
level substantially determine trade balance between
the two nations. Sugar exports to t11e USSR grew
succcssivelv and reachecl 3,707,000 ton~ in 1979. In '
1y80 they were arasti~ally reduced (2,ti47,0U0 tons)
rrsulting t'rom a sharp dr~p in its production owing
tu a sugai�-cane disease.
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C'itrus Crui~ impurts From Cuba are continuously
increasins. While. in 1975 they totalled only 16,500
tons, in 1980 the Soviet Union imported already over
70,a(}0 tons, a more than 4-Eold increase over the
Fi~~e years.
The 1976-1980 long-term trade agreement was a
success due to the intensive work done by Soviet
and Cuban enterprises, suppliers oE esport goods,
and foreign trade and transport organizat~:,ns in
both countries.
The high growth rates oE trade between the two
nations were due in no small measure to favour-
able trade-policy conditions created at the beginn-
ing of the period under review and were aimed at
pcomoting comprehens~ive Soviet-Cuban trade and
economic relations.
The Soviet Union, guided by a basic principle
oE political and ~economic cooperatian amang the
socialist community countries-the gradual draw-
- ing together and equalizing of their economic lev::~,
employs in i~s trade and economic relations ~~vith
Cuba such advantages of cooperation as giving cre-
. dits on easy terms, deferring payments ~and s~etting
~ preferential prices on major goods.
A new Long-Term Trade Agreement for 1981- ~
1985 between the USSR and Cuba was signed in ~
Moscow on June 26, 1981, by Nikolai Patolichev,
Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR, and R. Ca- ,
brisas Ruiz, Minister oE Foreign Trade of Cuba.
The Agreement provides for a further increase (over
42 per cent a~ compared with the previous five-
_ year period) in goods exchange between the Soviet
- Union and the Republic oE Cuba. Their trade is to
reach 27,000 million rubles in the currerit five-year
period.
The range of goods to be supplied will be sub-
stantially enlarged. The Soviet Union will export to '
Cuba various rower-;:nginEering and lifting equip-
mcnt, trucl:s and c1rs, road-building machinary,
t~ircraFt, vussels and marine ec~uipment, metalcut- ,
cing lalhes, uil and oil products, rolled stock oE fer-
rous and non-Ferrous metals, timber, and fertilizers,
consumer goods, food and many other products.
- The Repuolic oE Cuba will ship raw sugar, nickel-
containing praducts, citnis fruit, tobacco goods, elec-
tronic products and a number ~F other commodities
to the Soviet Union.
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(n thc current five-year period the favourable
trade-policy will make the new Long-Term Trade
Agreement as successful as the previous one. Pre-
ferential prices of raw sugar and nickel-containing
products, shipped to the USSR, will remain the
- same during the current five-year period. Moreocer,
on the latter a higher price has been fixed as com-
pared to the previous five-year periad. Favourable
- conditions have expanded as preferential prices
have been set on all kinds of citrus fruits. This
step has been taken within the CMEA framework,
the Soviet Union was participating with the other
CMEA nations in a Long-Term Specific Programme
of Cooperation in develaping the citrus fruit indus-
try in the Republic of Cuba. This programme pra
vides Eor assistance to be rendered for substantial-
- ly increasing the production of citrus fruit and its
export to the Soviet Unian and ather Eur~pean
- socialist nations participants.
All these arrangements provide favourable legal
and ~financial Eoundations for carrying out the va-
rious obligations. Yet to accomplish the objectives
~f developing mutual trade as stipulated in the
Long-Term Agreem~ent of June 26, 1981 means that
considerable difficulties must be overcome. The large
growth oE Soviet-Cuban trade needs the under-
taking of several organizational and technical mea-
sures to ftirther improve the mutual deliveries sys-
tem and solve transportation problems in the first ~
place.
Practically all foreign trade cargoes between the
USSR and Cuba are shipped by the Soviet merchant
marine. Export and import shipments in 1980 alone
cxceeded 15.1 million tons of which 10.4 million �
tons were petraleum and petroleum products. Any
further increase in rr:utual trade volume depends
directly on the capacities of the merchant fleet and
the port facilities of the Soviet Union and Cuba. At
the present time any grow~th of trade hits difficulty to
a certain extent through the low capacity of Cuba's
ports, inland road and railway transport, its lack
of storage facilities (oil storage, elevators and re-
frigerated warehouses in particular) and insuf~icient
mechanization and automatian of handling opera-
tions. Under these conditions importance should be
attached to the greater use of specialized vessels
and the use of container and palletized cargoes.
Expanded export of citrus fruit demands a sub-
stantial increase of Cuba's fleet of refrigerator ships.
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This problem can be eased through the wider use
of Ro-Ro type vessels and ather modern drv-cargo
ships with stronger ventilation. Expeririiental ship-
inents of citrus fruit in 1979 and 1980 made by the
Ro-Ro type vessels showed that they could ship an
additional 40,000 tons of citrus fruit in the l~iovem-
ber-March period each year, provided that the ves-
sels be properly an~d fully used.
The deliveries of citrus fruit can be greatly ex-
_ panded if the merch~xt marine's turnover is in-
creased through better cargo handling in and out
at the Cuban and Soviet ports.
More radical measures should be taken to ship
to Cuba the planned amount of crude petroleum
and Uasic petroleum products. In connection with
the supposed cominr into effect oE an international
Agreement on Environmental Protection the ship-
ping of petrnlP;.m and petroleum products can be
only made by ~arge tonnage oil tankers and that
necessitates rer:onstruction of Cuban ports and their
oil-distributior. systems.
The new l.ong-Term Trade Agreement will con-
tribute a great deal to perfecting the trade and
economic relations ~between the Soviet Union and
Cuba, and to intensifying their trade and economic
cooperation; it will help carry out the decisions of
the 26th Congress oE the CPSU and the Second Con-
ai�ess of the Comrnunist Party of Cuba.
COPYRIGHT: "Vneshnyaya Forgovlya" 1982, English Translation "Foreign Trade," 1982
CSO: 3020/77
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
NEW 'PANA' AGENCY HAII,ID
PA232140 Havana. PRELA in English 1840 GMT 22 Feb 82
[Text] Havana, Feb 23 (PL)--The importance of the Pan-African News Agency
(PANA) in th e spreading of a correct and truly image of the peoples of
Africa was h ighlighted here. ~
A commentary carried by the daily GRANMA stated that the recent meeting of
the international program for the development of communications held last
month in Acapulco, Mexico, supported the carrying out of th3s pro~ect.
The PANA News Agency with headquarters in Dakar constatutes a kind of pool
of national agencies of nearly 50 countries of the African continent with
five regional centers of reception and distribution in Tripoli, Lagos,
Ki.nshasa, Khartoum and Lusaka.
The article states that the PANA News Agency requested $1.5 million which '
were granted mostly by the states of the Persian Gulf.
The U.S. representatives to the Acapulco meeting stated their reserves on
the PANA News Agency because 3ts constitutional princ3ples claim that this
~ news agency will con~ribute to the 13berat3on of the African people and
will keep a policy contrary to racism, apartheid, Zionism and all the
forms of exploitation and oppression. .
To counteract this action the United States defends. the private initiatives
and the transnationa.ls of information and stated the purpose to carry out
parallel programs to those of the PIDC linked, with the agency for
international development aid and the private sector.
With this attitude the U.S. is seeking to place the Third World in front of
the dilemma of choosing between autonomous development or continuing
relying on the U.S. model, tlie art3cle added.
However, Third World nations are seeking to develop their or^i communications
and for this they need assistance, though they re~ect any assistance which ~
may become a link of dependency, it ended.
~ CSO: 3020/72
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CUBA
COUNTRY SECTION
SOVIET ASSISTANCE IN CITRUS DEVEL'OPMENT NOTED
Moscow FOREIGN TRADE in English No 1, Jan 82 pp 12-14
[Article by Yuri Zhizhin, Alla ~odorova]
[Text] 6;~ joining the Council far Mutual member-countries. These factors
Econo~nic Assistance in ~972 the proved instrumental for the elabo-
Republic of Cuba obtained new ration of a Long�Term Specific
favourable prospects for mutual- Programme of Cooperation (LSPC)
ly advantageous cooperation with to ~expand the ~produ~ction and ex-
the socialist countries multilateral- port af citrus aRd the products of
ly and bilaterally. their processing.
Its trade and economic rela- In compliance with the develop-
tions as they develop with the ment programme of citrus grow-
Soviet Union and other so~ialist ing in Cuba, adopted in the mld-
countries contribute to progres- 1960s, ~oitrus product~on is being
sive changes in the structure of carried out in several zones.
the country's economy. Specialized citrus-growing farming
Agricu!*.ure cc ~tin:aes to be one complexes have been set up in
of tl~e major b~~anches of the Western and central parts Qf Cuba.
Cuban economy since the Republic Among the largest ones is the
of Cuba is an agrarian-industrial farming complex Vlctorla de Giron
country. in the Matanzas province where
Citrus c~rowing ~s a branch of the soil and climatic conditions are
agriculture which is making par- very favourable for the growing
ticularly ~ dynamic progress. Fa- of citrus. Here substantial re-
vourable soil anc climatic condi�~ serves of subterranean waters are
tions, the high ec:onomic efficiency available and being used for ir-
inherent in this branch of agricul- rigation. The farms of citrus planta-
ture, and the rising demand on the tion occupy an area of about 30
world market for citrus and pro- thousand hectares. By the end of
cessed citrus products have been ~gg0 the citrus-growing area is ex-
- principal factors behind the rapid pected to be increased up to 80
development of citrus oroduction thousand hectares. From 1976 to
in Cuba. Furthermore, the increas- 1979 the citrus harvest in this
ing citrus praduction raises the region rose from 32.4 thousand
per capita consumption of both tons to 58.4 thousand tons. -
fresh and processed ~ citrus fruit Another large citrus farming
in Cuba as well as in the CMEA complex is Camilo Cienfuegos on
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Youtl~ Island. Tiie area occupied by Citrus output increased sig-
citrus crops here amounted to 34 nificantly when the new large
thousand hectares in 1979. The soil citrus-growing plantations entered
and climatic conditions are par- the fruit-bearing stage. In 1980,
ticularly favourable for grape- compared to 1971-1975, citrus
fruit. Plans are already in hand for production rose 60 per cent to a
increasing the citrus-growing area total of 440 thousand tons. Be-
up to 45 thousand hectares by tween 1976 and 1980 citrus output
~ gg0. on average rose 10 per cent an-
Guane Mantua is the name of nually. Effective measures are now
a citrus farm in the Pinar del Rio in hand to increase the yield of
province. Its citrus-growing area citrus crops, whi~h today amounts
amounts to about 14 thousand hec- to six-eight tons per hectare.
tares. !n the near future it is to Cuba's specialists are planning to
be significantly expanded with new raise the yield up to 10-14 tons
plantations and by 1990 citrus per hectare by 1985 by introducing
crops will be grown here on about advanced agrotechnical methods.
65 thousand hectares. Cuba's soils and climatic condi-
The setting up of specialized tions are particularly favourable for
citrus-growing farms is helping growi~ig grape-fruit. Cuban brands
material and labour resources to of grape�fruit as to quatity, are
be ufiilized rationally and bring rated second to none in the world.
about the centralized processing The pink-pulp variety successfully
and pacicaging of citrus fruit. De- competes with Ruby Red, the best
velopment of these regions is a US brand.
complex process: roads are being Plans envisage the area occu-
built, citrus processing plants are pied by citrus crops to be increas-
being set up, refrigerator facilities ed up to 160.8 thousand hectares
erected, and ports and new by the end of 1985, with all the
mechanized sea terminals con- trees reaching the fruit-bearing
structed. ~tage by 1990. As much as 90 per
The total acreage of citrus cent of citrus fruit in 1985 will
_ plantations in the Republic of Cuba be harvested at the citrus planta-
amounted to 117.8 thousand hec- tions which are parts of the large
tares in 1980, including 60.9. specia4ized farm complexes exis~-
thousand hectares occupied by inq today.
young, yet ~on-bearing plantations. Development of the cltrus-pro-
Most of the new plantations were cessinq industry in Cuba has just
sown in the first half of the 1970s. started. In 1979 as much as 32
thousand tons of juices were pro-
About 60 per cent of the total is duced in the country. The Cuban
occupied by orange trees, 25 per nrape-fruit juice, the Zun-Zun
cent by grapefruit, 10 per cent by brand, was awarded the Gol~
lemon and lirne,' five per cent by Medal at exhibitions in Czecho-
mandarin orange. slovakia and Bulgaria. Juice pro-
duction is being carried out
principally at three processing
enterprises, one of them being the
Libertad plant in the Matanzas pro-
~ Lime - citrus varieties with small vince. Oranges and mandarin
fruit, bimes, used to make concentrated oranges are processed at a rate
juices, citric ao4d and ethereal oil. of 10 tOnS of juice per hour. The
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Jesus Menendez plant in the Oranges acco~.nt for the largest
Oriente province turns out three proportion of total citrus exports.
tons of juice per hour. In 1979 an However, because of changas in
agro-industrial complex for process- the production pattern, the share
ing citrus on Youth asland~ was of oranges in total citrus Ex~orts
completed. This is the first com- progressively declined from 78.8
plex and a prototype of other per cent in 1971 to 63.4 per cent
citrus-processing establishments in 1976 and 60 per cent in 1980.
now being bu~ilt in Cuba. The com- This is mainly due to a rise in
piex's storage facilities border a 9rape-fruit exports from Cuba in
deep-water canal where smali ves- the past twenty years, the reason
sels can be loaded. The industrial being a greater demand for grape-
complex, its structures, shops, fruit on the world market and its
working zones occupy an area of output has been increased to cope
about 100 thousand sq.m. The com- With this. In the early 1970s the
plex consists of the fresh fruit share of grape-fruit in citrus ex-
packaging facility (20 tons per ports was 28 per cent, in 1976-
hour), a metal cans producing 36.6 per cent. In the future, as
piant (250 cans a minute) and juice- Planned by Cuban spe~lalists, its
making production lines (12 tons proportion in total citrus exports
per hour). will be kept constant at 36 per
Production wastes-skin and The Soviet Union is a major
pulp-are processed at the fod- consumer of Cuba's citrus. In the
der-making piant equipped with a Tenth Five-Year-Plan Period Cuba's
grinding device made in Bulgaria. citrus deliveries to the USSR in-
The area occupied by the indus- creased more than threefold.
trial complex and its potential plans for the 11th Five-Year-Plan
capacity permit further expansion period provide for futher inereases
of production. In 1980 the complex in citrus exports from Cuba.
processed as much as 20 thousand Oranges ac;ount for more than 90
tons of citrus. Its output includes Per cent of the total citrus volumes
concentrated juices, ethereal oil, delivered to the USSR. Citrus de-
jams, confiture. A new production I~iveries are handled by Soviet
line for tomato-paste and fruit proc- refrigerator ships. Experimental
essing was set up at the com- citrus shippings aboard dry-cargo
plex at the end of 1980. Work is vessels outfitted with forced
continuing on producing juice from ventilation systems are now under-
the pulp of citrus and other fruit taken to secure timely shipments
(bananas, guava, mango). of Cuba's fruit.
Al~ngside the rapid increases of preservation of citrus fruits be-
the production of citrus and proc- ing transported in the ro-ro ships
essed products, the citrus exports is determined by delivery schedule.
from Cuba are developing fairly Loading and unloading are made
quickly. In 1975 they amounted to more rapid by tl~e use of special
~5 thousand tons, in 1979-161 containers, the so�called flats, in
thousand tons, in 1980-200 thou- citrus transportution. Such con�
sand tons. The share of citrus fruit tainers are convenient for cargo
in total exports of fresh fruit rose, ventilation, cargo inspection and
in terms of cost, from 18.6 per cent loading into Soviet freight cars.
in 1958 to 77.7 per cent in 1976� The question of citrus deliveries
from Cuba in dry-cargo ships with
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forced ventilation is quite urgent this programme, the GDR, Bulgaria,
and, therefore, all its aspects con- Czechoslovakia, Poland and the
cerning citrus transportation are USSR will be partners to capital
being studied starting from the investments in Cuba and will as-
plcking of fruit and ending with sist with goods, services and con-
their delivery to destination points vertible currency to be used for
in the Soviet Union. buying packaging devices, refrige-
Rising citrus imports from Cuba rator and transport facilities, ma-
to the USSR in the coming years chines, diverse equipment, spares,
- are bound to force the solution of auxiliary materials, and they will
certain other important problems, also undertake project and design
such as additions to the USSR's work. Already today the CMEA
refrigerator fleet, construction of inembers are actively contributing
new specialized terminals and to the realization of the above
~ warm storages, further mechaniza- programme.
tion of unloading opeiations, build- In Santa Cruz del Norte the con-
inc~ of refrigerators, increasing the struction of a factory for makinc~
number of refrigerator cars, etc. cardboard (annual output 50 th~~u-
Citrus growing is one of the sand tons) started ln 1979 with
spheres of cooperation between Poland's participation. 4n 1980 work
the Republic of Cuba and CMEA began on buildi~~g a large citru~-
member-countries conducted on a processing complex in the Jaguey
multilateral and bilateral basis. Ex- Grande area (M~tanzas orovince)
tremely important to the progress to be commissioned in 1983. Po-
of Cuba's citrus industry is the land is taking car~ of t~::: project
Long-Term Specific Programme of design and suppiying refrigera-
Cooperation in the field of agri- tion equipment; certain kinds of the
culture which the 32nd CMEA Ses- processing equipment will arrive
sion adopted in 1978. from Spain. The complex will
The CMEA member-countries Process 120 thousand tons of
are the principal buyers of Cuban citrus annually, will turn out
citrus and processed citrus pro- normal and concentrated juices,
ducts placed on the foreign market. jams, ethereal oils, nutritive mass
In recent years the socialist coun- for cattle feeding, raw material for
tries bought about 95 per cent of pe~tin production. Z
Cuba'~ citrus exports. Within the framework c+f the
The Long-Term Specific Program- Long-Term Specific Programme the
me of Cooperation for the com- GDR will grant credits to .Cuba
prehensive development of Cuba's for building a citrus-processing
citrus production for 1981-1985 complex in the Ciego de Avila
envisages expansion of the citrus province.
plantations, higher gross yields Bulgaria will aid Cuba to indus-
- and larger exports of fresi~ and trially process vegetables and fruit
processed citrus in the first place and to set up a production line
to the CMEA member-countries. for bottling cold soft drinks.
To secure the implementation of I~ accord with a bilateral agree-
ment with tE~e Republic of Cuba,
Czechoslovakia will be granting
credits, partly in convertible cur-
' Pectins - orgarsic compounds used rency, for purchasing equipment
as jelly-fortni~ng substances ~n the food and materials from third countries.
and pharmaoeutlcal industries.
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In accordance with the Protocol
signed between the USSR and the
Republic of Cuba on cooperation
in the comprehensive development
of agricultural production and in-
dustria~ processing of citrus in
Cuba, the USSR will assist Cuba
technically during the 1981-1985
period and in subsequent years to '
- build factories for the manufac-
ture of glass and cardboard packag-
ing, to construct specialized sea
- terminals for loading citrus
cargoes, carry out irrigation work,
build citrus-packaging centres and
other facilities contributing to the
development of citrus production
and prdcessing.
~ This active participation by the
CMEA member-countries in real~iz-
ing the ,l.ong-Term Specific Pro-
gramme of cooperation in the field
of citrus growing in Cuba will
promote this industry and improve
- its efficiency, thus enabl~ing the
Republic of Cuba, to emerge as a
major producer of citrus. Accord-
ing to preliminary estimates, Cuba
will occupy the seventh place in
. world citrus output in 1985.
The General Agreement on the
comprehensive development of
agricultural production and indus-
trial processing of citrus in the ~ ~
Republic of Cuba signed on July 4,
1981, in Sofia will contribute great-
ly to meeting the CMEA member
countries' demand for citrus fruit,
both fresh and processed.
COPXRIGHT: "Vneahnyaya Forgovlya" 1982, English Translation "Foreign Trade," 1982
CSO: 3020/77
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
COMMUNIQUE ISSUED WITH GUINEA-BISSAU GOVERNMENT
PA172150 Havana PRELA in English 1948 GMT 17 Mar 82
[Text] Havana, 18 Mar (PL)--Cuba expressed satisfaction for the efforts
being carried out by the PAIGC [African Party for Independence in Guinea
and Cape Verde] and the government of Guinea Biasau to realize the tasks
which encouraged the long struggle against the Portuguese colonial domina-
tion under the leadership of Amilcar Cabral.
In a Cuban-Guinean communique published at the end of the visit to this
country of the Guinean President Joao Bernardo Vieira, the Cuban side ratified
the firm and unshakable support that it~ people, the PCC and the government
of Cuba give to the people, the PAIGC and the government of Guinea Bissau in
the consolidation of its conquests and in the defense of its sovere3.gnty and
independence. When analyzing the situation in Africa--the document stated--
both parties reflected the identity of viewpoints regarding the current
problems now affecting that continent.
When referring to the process of Namibia, they both denounced the delays in
the applicz.*,ion of the UN Security Council Resolution 435 stating the
modalities acceptable for a negotiated independence of that territory,
illegally occupied by South Afr~ca.
The two parties expressed theri support to the ANC [African National Congress]
engaged in a struggle against apartheid in South Africa~.and denounced the
supply of nuclear arms to that country by the Western powers.
Cuba and Guinea-Bissau denounced as well the South African aggression of
Angola and demanded the unconditional withdrawal of the Cuban presence in
Angola. [Sentence as received]
The delegation from Guinea-Bissau expressed its recognition to Cuba for its
internationalist support to Angola, at the request of the MPLA-Party of Labor
and of the Luanda Government, for its efforts in the xeconstruction and
national safeguard~ng of the nati.onal unity, sovereignty and territorial.
integrity, to its confrontations with the continual South African racist
aggressions.
They reiterated their support to the Polisario Front and to the government
of the Saharan Democratic Arab Republic in its just struggle to exert its
- right to self-determination and independence and denounced Morocco's delaying
maneuvers seeking to perpetuate the occupation of that cotmtry.
CSO: 3020/80
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
BRIEFS
NIGERIAN TIES--Havana, 25 Feb (PL)--The member of the national executive
staff of the Nigerian National Party, Alhaji Yarima Balla~ met here with
the chairman of the Cuban Institute of Friendship With the Peoples (ICAP),
Ren e Rodriguez Cruz. During the meeting the two leaders dealt with issues
related with th e activities of the Associati~n of Cuban-African Friendship
and of the Nigeria-Cuba Friendship Assc .iation, to which Yarima Balla belongs.
The distinguished visitant, also director of the airl3nes of the Gongola
State and Rodriguez Cruz reaffirmed in the3r meeting the traditional links
of friendship joining both countries. [Text] [PA252240 Havana PREI,A
in English 2010 GMT 24 Feb 82]
CSO: 3020/72
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COUNTRY SECTION EL SALVADOR
AMBASSADOR SAYS HAIG'S STATEMENTS DISTORTED
PY171711 Buenos Aires DIARIOS Y NOTICIAS ~.n Spanish 1404 GMT
17 Mar 82
[Text] Buenos Aires, 17 Mar (DYN)--In statements made here today, Salvadoran
Ambassador to Argentina Col Carlos Figueroa Vanegas admitted that his co~try
is receiving military aid which consists of arms as well as foodstuff from
Argentina and Venezuela. He also regretted that the recent statements made
by U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig had "been distorted" since the aid
granted does "not consist of inen" nor does `t represent--from his point of
view--intervention.
The ambassador stated that "we are receiving concrete aid (from Argentina
and Venezuela) but "the unfortunate thing is that they try to distort this
type of declaration (Haig's) at a political level and always convert political
aid into military aid with the supply of inen and this is very harmful for us."
In statements made during the program "Magdalena and the News" of Radio
Continental, the ambassador stated: "We place emphasis on our statements
that the military aid by no means represents an intervention with men,
therefore Haig's statements are in keeping with reality, so long as his
statements are not distorted."
Further on, in answering a question as to whether "Argentina and Venezuela
have granted both military aid and other aid, such as the supply of food-
stuff," Colonel Figueroa pointed out that "we are receiving both types of
aid."
During his lengthy telephone conversation with the radio station the
ambassador stated that Francisco Manrique has been invited as Argentine
observer because "of his moral virtues, which are undeniable, his democratic
background and his high civic-mindedness, as is demonstrated by the fact
that he gave a prompt and decided answer to our invitation."
The ambassador asserted that "a person with those virtues combined with his
political background, is undoubtedly capable of giving an unbiased and
impartial opinion on the elections to be held in E1 Salvador." Figueroa
stated: "We need that just opinion to show the world that our government,
by making such a dangerous move, with the risk of paying for it with the life
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of more Salvado=ans who ~Y bandithedsearcheforrdemocracyithroughecivilized
by the ideal of pacification
means."
H2 then asserted that "Mr Manrique is the person with enough moral, civilian
and political virtues to give tliat opinion." [Passage indistinCt]
He stated "that there is a lot of talk about the extreme right and extreme
left terrorism, but in general terms, although this is true, what w,e are
really enduring is not only terrorism but practically an nd asserted
ideology foreign to ours, which is known as Marxist ideology
that it comes "from Cuba encouraged by the Soviet Union."
Further on Colonel Figueroa pointed out that "we do not believe we are going
to put an end" to the guerrilla groupa with the elections because "we are
not all that naive," but that "we will be able to change the minds of certain
countries that now support international terrorism."
After asserting that the future of Che entire continent is at stake in E1
Salvador, he said that two political parties have not ~oined in the elections
because "right from the beginning they maintained that the elections would
be a fraud" and that "their lives were in danger because they would be
murdered."
He then wondered~~"whether anybody's life in E1 Salvador was safe" and ended
by stating that there is no censorship in my country at present" because the
n
understanding of all the democratic countries of the world is sought.
CSO: 3010/1123
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STATINTEL
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STATINTEL

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SURINAME
COUNTRY SECTION
MILITARY COUNCIL DECLARATION ON UNSU~rESSFUL COUP
PA190035 Havana PRELA in English 2320 GMT 18 Mar ~2
18 Mar (PL)--The ruling National Miiitary Coimcil of
[Text] Paramaribo,
Suriname accused those responsible for the abortive coup of being cr~ena s
and de;~.lared that they sought to cause a bloodbath in the country.
declaration countered a statement by the Committ~e of Christian Churches
of Suriname that described as an "outbrive 11 March takeover b idures adopted
- by the government to confront the�abort
The committee also expressed its chage derstofhtheXCOUpiattempt~ afterergeant
Major Wilfred Hawker, one of the ring
trial by a court martial.
The National Military Coimcil explained thatcriminalPelementstwhose objec~
present state of emergency must be borne by leadership w3thout
tive was the overthrow and elimination of the revolutionary
contemplations.
Former rightwing military and somehemeiwhich for~several~hourscoccupiedethers
appear involved in the takeover sc facility.
Memre Boekoe garrison, the country's main army
~ The Committee of Churches should aershintincludedtatb loodbath during alans
to wipe out the revoTecallsrtheestatement.
religious ceremony,
The text refers to a plan of the coup makers to liquidate the members of the
Military Coim cil in the course of a meeting in a Paramaribo church to which
they had been invited. _
"The military authority had to prevent that 80 oritraddsdefend the revolu-
tionary process that began on 25 February 19 ,
Finally it recommends that the churcha'c~aaccording to itsipreachingionrunity
by enemies of the people and that lt o~ace."
and the improvement of the living standard of the p p
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Meanwhile it was reported that former Lieutenant Surendre Rambocus, one of
the military leaders of the plot, was captured. Rambocus managed to escape
in the direction of the jungle zone in western Suriname on Friday when
forces loyal to the government of the National Military Council headed by
' Lt Colonel Desi Bouterse ousted the coup makers from the Memre. Boekoe
garrison, the country's main fortress.
Also heading the coup.bid was former Sergeant Wilfred Hawker who was tried
and sentenced to death by a court martial. He~was executed on the morning
of 13 March.
CSO: 3025/1059 E~
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