JPRS ID: 10440 USSR REPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/10440 ~
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8 April 1982 ~
~ ~JSSR Re ort
p
SCI~NCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
. CFOUO 2/82)
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JPRS L/7.'0440
. 8 April 1982
.
USSR REPORT
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
(FOUO 2/8~~ .
CONTENTS
38th Session of Council on Coordination of Scientific Activity Held
(VESTNIK AKAI3ENiII NAUK SSSR, Dec 81.) 1
Academician Aleksandrov Speech to the Counc3l
(A. P. Aleksandrov; VESTNIK AKADEMII NAUK SSSR, Dec 81) 2
Closer Coordination of Scientific Institutes Urged
(V. A. Kotel'nikov; VESTNIR AKADEMII NAUK SSSR, Dec 81)........ 5
Central Asian and Kazakh Academies of Sciences Coordinate Research
(A. S. Sadykov; VES~NIK AKADEMII NAUK SSSR, Dec 81) 13
Legal Authority Advocated for Academy of Sciences as Leading
Coordinating Body
(V. P. Rassokhin; VESTNIR AKADEMII NAUK SSSR, Nov 81) 20
International Exchange of Technological Knowledge
(Viloriy Anatol'yevich Ryabov; MEZHDUNARODNYY OBMEN
TFKHNOLOGICHESKIMI ZNANIYAMI, 1981) 30
- a- jIII - USSR - 21o S&T I'OiJC~
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38TH SESSION OF COUNCIL ON COORDINATZON OF SCZENTIFZC ACTZVITY HELD
Moscow VESTNIK AICADEMII NAUK SSSR in Rus~ian No 12, Dec 81 p 16
[Introduction to report: "The 38th Session ot the Council for the Coordination of
the Scientifi~ Activities of the Union-Republic Academies c~f Sciences, Tashkent"]
[Text] The regular 38th session of the Council for the Coordination of the Scien-
tifi.c Activities o� the Union-Republic Academies of Sciences, under the presidium of
the USSR Academy of Sciences, Cook place ].2 to 14 May 1981 in Tashkent. In its work
there was participation by the president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academi-
cian A. P. Aleksandrov; vice-presidents of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academi-
- cians V. A. Kotel'nikov and P. N. Fedoseyev; members of the USSR Academy of ~ciences;
presidium, Academ~cians N. G. Basov, S. V. Vonsovskiy, I. A. Glebav, B. Ye. Paton,
A. S, Sadykov, and A. A. Trofimuk; othor importa~t scientists and officials of the
union-repub~ic academies of sciences, af�iliates and scientific centers of the
USSR Academy o� Sciences; and responsible wo~kers of the CPSU Central Committse,
the Uabekistan Coimnunist Party Central Co~nittee and republic Council of Ministersi
~ind of the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology and other a~;encies.
In opcning the session, the chairman of the Coordination Council, President of the
USSR Academy of Sciences, Academici.an A. P. Aleksandrov, gave the floor to Candi-
date-Member of the CP~U Central Com~ittee Politburo and First Secretary of the
. U�r,bekistan Communist Party Central Committee, Sh. R. Rashidov, who, in the name of
- the Uzbekistan Communist Party Central Committee, the republic presidium of the
Supreme S~viet and Council o� Ministers, warml.y greeted the participants of the
session and wished them success in their work.
COPYKiGl1T: Izdatel'srvo "Nauka", "Vestnik Akadc~mii nauk SSSR", 1981
9645
CSO: 1814/42
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ACADEMICIAN ALEKSANDROV SPEECH TO THE COUNCIL
rioscow VESTNIK AKADEMII NAUIC SSSR in Russian No 12, Dec 81 pp 16-18
[5ummary of ~~pening remarks by A. P. Aleksandrov, president of the USSR Academy of
Sciences, at the 38th Session of the Council for the Coordination of the Scie~ctific
Activities of the,Un~on-Repub].ic Academies of Sciences: "Opening Remarks by Presi-
dent of t~1P, USSR Academy of Science~, Academician A. P. Aleksandrov"]
(Text] T.n his opening remarks, A. P. Aleksandrov characterized the status of
scientific research coordination in the country's academy institutions and higher
educational institutions. Considerable improvemP*it in the eoordination of research
during the last ten years has made possible a wider exchange of experience and the
achievement and practical implementation of important scientific results but, at the
same time, there are still defects and unsolved problems. A. P. Aleksandrov gave
special attention to the Summary Report of the CPSU Central Committee to the 26th
CPSU Congress, in which Comrade L. I. Brezhnev, having rated highly the role of
science in the life of our country and, particularl~y, the achievements of the USSR
Ac~demy of Sciences and union-republic academies of sciences, noted at the same
time that among scientific institutions there are still inaffective institutes and
labor.atories which, over long periods of time, have not brought about any noticeable
results. It is necessary, said the president, to be more exacting toward the work
of the scientific institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences and of the union-
republic academies of sciences and to take measures to increase their effectiveness.
A. I~. Aleksandrov deal.t with the contributions of individual republic academies of
sci.ences ai~.d affiliates of the USSR Academy of Sciences to th~ development of science
in the country whic:i, according to his evaluation, has increased significantly in
recent years. He especially noted the significant achievements of the Ukrainian SSR
ncademy of Sciences, which is the head organization for a number of scientific areas,
above all in the development of various types of welding and electrometallurgy.
The I3elorussian SSR Academy of 5ciences, together with the VUZ's of the republic,
are conducting successful work in the application of powder s.~tallurgy. The appli-
cation of powder metallurgy in machine building and tractor and motor vehicle manu-
facture provides for both savings in metal and increases in inachine longevity. A
lar~e contribution to the development of permanent magnets with large magnetic
energy (up to 30 mi.llion G�Oe) was made by the Ural Scientific Center for the USSR
Academy of Sciences. These works are helping to accomplish many o� the difficult
tasks of modern technology, particularly in the electronics industry and even in the
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eextile industry. Scientists of the canter have found a way of making special items
Crom tungsten that are necessary for work in thermonuclear enezgy, and they have
also solved the problem o� producing powerf.ul cathodes and a large number of devices
for the electronics industry. Scientists of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences are
successfully fulfilling important scienCific developments related to the practical
utilization of ~bas~tes from the cotton industry. .As a result of their achievementg,
- the pussibility has opened up to set up producti.on for a number of products that we
still acquire from abroad. In cooperation with the Siberian Department of the USSR
Academy of Sciences, the Uzbek SSR Academy of Seiences has done important work on
the production;of organic compounds tagged with radioactive phosphorus that are wide-
ly appli.ed in medical, biological, and many other kinds of research. Thus, now we
are able to achieve these substances at a quality level higher than those being
produced abroad..
.f;:
Further, A. P. Aleksandrov touched on the question of relations between academy and
VtTZ science, on the one hand, and industry, on the other hand. He illustrated the
us~~f�lness and effectiveness of such relations with specific examples. Thus,
accordi.ng to joint complex plans with industrial organizations, hundreds ~f scien-
tific ctevelopments have been brought about and, when necessary, joint laboratories
t~a:~e been especially created. This helps ease the introduction of finished scien-
tific developments into industry, eliminating many interagency barriers.
The president dealt with the development of automation for scientifzc research ir.
institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences and repub~.ic academyes. The convenient
international standard was taken as tt~.e basis for automation. Equipment being manu-
factured on this standard for tying measuring instruments to computer technology
permits building a unified system on the basis of any domestic or foreign computers.
The USSR Ministry of Instrument Making in rec~nt yEars has been manufacturing
measuring-calculating comFlexes (IVK), which include SM-3 and SM-4 computers. These
complexes already are becoming numerous. In the current five-year plan it is
proposed to prc~duce 1000 such complexes, which will permit. substanCial progress .in
automating our research and increase its rate. In addition to these cnmplexes, the
Ministry of the Ele~tronics Industry has developed the "ElekGronika-60" machines.
Tl~r latest modifications have already appeared, and they combine well with~the IVK.
Ttie Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences
has developed technology �or coupling them together and the necessary interface
equipment. Because of this, we now have gone from the lowest level laboratory
computer technol~gy that could be tied directly to measuring instruments to the level
ot the advanced laboratories of the world. The president also noted the development
and manufactur~ of th~ "Iskra-226" machines, one of the configurations of which is
vcry convenient for automation of experiments because, unlike the SM-3 and SM-4
machines, it does not require extended training on the part of the user. Already
in the next five-yrear plan, no~ed A. P. Aleksandrov, computer technology will ceas~
to be a bottleneck in the development of our science. Instrument making still lags
Somewhat and, to meet the needs of academy scienti�ic institutions, it is necessary
ro continue to expand instrument-making capabilities not only in the USSR Academy
+,f Sciences, but also in the r~public academias. The president, with great satis-
faction, noted that the devel.opment of scienti�i� instrument making is also being
planned in Uzbekistan.
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In conclusion, A. P. Aleksandrov expressed gratitude to the Uzbekistan Communist
Party Central Committee, the Uzbek SSR Council o� Ministers, and the Uzbek SSR
Academy of Sciences for offering the o~Zportunity to conduct the visiting 38th
session of the Coordination Eouncil in Tashk�nt .~~.d �or creating outstanding condi-
tions for the session's work.
Participants of the session heard and discussed reports by Academician V. A.
Kotel'nikov, vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, on improving the
coordination of activities of the union-republic acad~mies; Academician A. S.
Sadykov, president of the UzSSR Academy of Sciences, on experience in join�, research
among the academies of sciences of Central Asia and Kazakhstan on importar~t regional
problems; and Academi:;ian A. A. Logunov, vice president of the USSR Acaden?; of
Sciences, on strengthening cooperation between the USSR Academy of Sciences and
union-republic academies of sciences, on the one hand, and higher schools, on the
other. For each report, a corresponding decision was made.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", "Vestnik Akademii nauk SSSR", 1981
9G45
cso: 1814/42
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UDC 001.89
I:IA~~ER COCRDINATION OF SCIEN~IFIC INSTZTUTES URGED
Moscow VESTNIK AKADEMIZ NAUK SSSR in Russiazi No 12, Dec 87. pp 19-25
[Report by AcadEmician V. A. Kote1'nikov, vice-president o~ the USSR Academy of
Sciences, to the 38th sessioan of the Council for the Coordination of the Research
_ Activities of the Union-Republic Academies of Sciences: "On Improving the Coordi-
nation of the Activities of Scientific Institutions in the Union Republics and the
_ Tasks of the Republic Academies o� Sciences in Ut~ilizing Scientific Achievements
More Effectively in Fulfilling the Decisions o~ the 26th CPSU Congress"]
[Te~:t] The 26th CPSU Congress has again pointed out that, without the development
_ of science, it is not possible to build the new soeiety. The congress gave atten-
tion to the necessity to improve the organizat.ion ot scientific research and to
acc~lerate the realization of scientific research results in the country's economy.
In the Summary Report to the congress, which was presenCed by the General Secretary
of rhe CPSU Central Committee, L. I. Brezhnev, it was al.so stated that "science
shouZd be the 'disturber of tranquility,' indicating the sectors where stagnation
and backwardness have been noted and where the current level of knowledge provides
the possibility to move ahead more rapidly and more successfully."
Ln recent years, in the USSR Academy o� Sciences and in the union-republic academies,
- a large amount of experience has been accumulated in providing ai,d in the management
~,r the economy on a country-wide and republic scale, and also, in individual
~~conomic regions, in creating work forms that facilitate and accelerate the utili-
zation of scientific results in practice.
- ilowc~ver, far from everything has been dane in this field.
" The purpose of the present repo.rt is.to generalize existing experience and thereby
aid its dissemination.
One of the advantages of our socialist system is the possibi].ity for uniting the
- efforts of various scientific, design, project-planning, and p~oduction organiza-
t-ions, independently of agency subordir?ation, to accomplish tasks that are impox~-
- tant for the country or �or regions under the mansgement o~ pa~ty and Soviet bodies.
- '.rhis form o� work has been widely used in recent years.
To maintain constant creative relationships between scientific 3nd production organi-
_ zations in the union republics, republic councils f~r the coordination o� scienti-
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rvtt u~rrt~.it+i, u~,:, vi~a.Y
fic activities have been created; as a rule, these councils are headed by presi-
dents of union-republic academies of sciences.
Purposeful and systematic work by the republic coordination councils with ministries
and agencies, ministerial scientific-research institutes, and WZ's has led to the
improvement of inter- and intra-agency coordi,nation of scientific research and to
increase in the share o� complex research in fulfilling plans for the most important
projects.
Thus, the coordination council under the presidium of the Georgian SSR Academy of
Sciences has done significant work on the analysis of the republic's current posi-
~ion in various fields o~ science and technology and has searched for more effec-
tive ways to solve important economic problQms (the autoclave-hydrometallurgical
processing of Madneuli copper and low-g~ade Chiatura manganese ores, further agri-
cultural development, and others).
The coordination council of the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences works in close
contact ~aith institutes and industrial organizations of ministries and agencies of
country-wide and republic subordination in adjusting the subject matter and in
searching for more active forms for utilizing scientists' recommendations in prac-
tice. Especially successful are the developin~g r~lationships with the USSR Ministry
oC the r4edical Industry; the USSR Ministry o� thc Chemical Industry, and the
- republic Minist~y of Health in the creation and introduction into practice of effec-
tive new preparations and equipment for medi�al treatment.
Created in 1977, the coordination council under the Moldavian SSR Academy of Scien-
ces has increased the organizational and coordination role of the Academy of Scien-
ces in conducting broad research in the agrarian-industrial and food complexes and,
for these purposes, has united th~ efforts of a11 scientific institutions of the
Academy of Sciences, the seientific-research design organizations of the republic
Ministry of Agriculture, WZ's, and other sci:entific institutions.
The coordination council under the Estonian S5R Academy of Sciences has done much
work on the solution of the problem "The Fuel-Energy Complex of the Estonian SSR,"
and has also dune mett;odological work with VUZ's and ministerial scientific-research
institutes in planning scientific-research projects. As already noted many times,
a large amount of experience has been accumulated by the acadamies of sciences of
the Ukraine, Belorussia, and Kazakhstan, and by the Ural Scientific Center of the
USSR Academy of Sciences.
7'he L,xperience of Visiting-s~ssions of Departments of the USSR Academy of Sciences
and of Departments o� Unio~1-RePublic Academies of Sciences
An important role in coordinating scienti�ic-research work and in raising the level
of .research planning can be played by visiting-sessions of presid~,u~ sections of
tre USSR Academy of Sciences and depa~tments o� the USSR Academy of Sciences and
un.ion-republic academies with participation by scientific and production organiza-
tzons.
For example, in the wo~k of sessions conducted b*/ the Department of General and
'Technical Chemis~ry in 1976, in Baku, and 1980, in Tbilisi, besides officials of
the departments of chemical sciences of ,~11 tt~.e republic academies, there was parti-
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. _
pation by scientists and%production specialists trom the Ministry of the Chemical
Industry, the Ministry of the Petroleum Refining ~nd Pet~ochemica], Industry, the
Ministry of the Pulp a~nd Papes 7ndustry, and the Ministry of Fertilizers.
As a result of this coordination work, in 1976 a new fo~n was psoposed for conduc-
ting~joint projects by academy and p~oduction organizations according to com~is~ion~-
orders, and in 1980 an assessment was conducted of these projects �or more accele-
rated utilization of them in practic~l activi~ies.
There are similar:~examples among the republic academies of sciences. Thus, the
Department of $'~b~.'ogical Sciences of the UzSSR Academy of Sciences conducte~i a
visiting-meeting at Andizhan on the cotton p~oblem; the Departm~t?t of Chemical
Sciences of the KaSSR Academy of Sciences conducted one at Karaganda on the develop-
ment of researeh~in the fields of inetall~xrgy and carbor? chemistry; and th~ ESSR
Academy of Scienees conducted one at Kohtla-Jarve on the problem of the complex
utilization of shale and other items.
Expancled visiting-sessions of the SecCion for Social Sciences c~f the presidium of
the USSR Academy ot Sciences are h~].d systematically at union-republic academies of
sciences where, with participation by broad scientific communities of republics and
regions and by representatives of party bodies, there are discussions of urgent
questions in the development and diractions of research in history, philosophy, and
other sciences.
- Special-Purpose Programs
The conduct of fundamental and applied research under special-purpose programs has
important significance, as these programs retleet the urgent requirements of produc-
~ion for more progressive types o� products and for complex automation of production
processes in industry, agricul~ure, construction, ~nd transportation.
A substantial feature of the cited programs is ChE presence of the introduction
stage as an obligatory element, and this makes them an effective instrument for
accelerating the practical utilization of recent ~cientific and technical achieve-
ments.
Projects according to complex programs are widely represented in the academies of
sc:ences o� the UkSSR, UzSSR, BSSR, LaSSR, KaSSR, and in other academies.
Thus, the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR is conducting research according
to 16 complex plans with ministries and agencies, and also according to 20 complex
' programs of interest to large scienti�ic-production associations and enterprises of
thc country. The accomplishment of scientific and applied research according to
compl~~x plans and programs has permitted the UkSSR Academy of Sciences to create,
for example, more than 300 new technologies o� various levels, which are being
stic~~cssfully utilized by enterprises o� the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy, the
:~ti.nistry of the Chemical Industry, the Ministry o� the Shipbuilding Industry, and
o~her ministries.
The Academy of Sciences of the Mold~vian SS,R is conducting research according to
15 republic complex scienti�ic-technical problems, whieh cover questions relating
to the intensi�ication of agricultural pro~uction and Co improving the management
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N'UK UF~'tC:IAL US~ UNLY
of economic and social processes. In their implementation these is participation
by all institutions of the academy, eight WZ's and about 50 ministerial scientific-
research institutes and sciEnti�ic-production associations.
The Academy o� Sciences ot the Latvian SSR has developEd scienti�ic-technical prob-
lems according to 23 programs and the Academq o~ Seiences of the Turkmen SSR,
according to 11; the Academq o� Sciertces of the iJzbek SSR is participating in the
development of 23 country-wide pzograms, inc~.uding such programs as "Cotton."
Among nine programs being conducted by the Academy o� Sciences of the Estonian SS~,
important research is being done on the problems "Complex Utilization of Shale"
and "Comp;.ex Utilization of Phosphorites."
The Ural Scienti�ic Center of the USSR Academy of SciEnces, together with organiza-
tions of the USSR Ministry of Geology, the RSFSR Ministry of Geology, and the
Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy, has successfully conducted research on complex
programs sur_h as "Z'he Mineral Wea].th of the Uzals" and "Ferrous Metallurgy of the
Llrals" 2$ in all.
The Kola, Komi, and Karelian Affiliates ot the U53R Academy of Sciences have united
their efforts in a unified program "The Economic and Social Development of the
European I'art of the USSR North." ~
Tt shoulcl be noted that the academies of scienees of the UkSSR, the BSSR, the UzSSR,
and the Siberian Departm~nt and the Ural Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of
Sciences have pr.epared important maCerial on the Comglex Program for Scientific-
Technical Progress and Its Social-Economic Consequences up to the Year 2000."
Joi_nt Laboratories
Une oF the forms �or uniting the efforts of academy organizations and production
organizations o~ the economic sectors is the creation of joint laboratories. These
units, as a:.ule, are created either at academy institutes or at enterprises of
corresponding union or republic ministries. 7.'hey are financed by the ministry,
and scientific and methodological management is accomplished by an academy institute.
Thus, in the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences at the present time there are about 40
such laboratories of 10 all-union or repiiblic ministries, and over 10 of them in
the Belorussian Academy o� Sciences. In the Latvian Aeademy of Sciences, 10 of them
I~ave be4n or.~anized; in the Moldavian Academy of Sciences, 11; and in the Kazakh
Academy of Sciences, 6. Interagency laboratoxies operate successfully i~ the
Azerbaijan Academy uf Sciences. An undoubted value of such laboratories is the
substantial shortening of time from the end of scientific developments to the intro-
duction of their results into the economy. Zn addition, this f~rm presents more
effective mutual enrighment through the ideas and proposals of scientists and
production s~ecialists.
Unfortunately, it must be noted that experience in the organization of economic-
sector-oriented laboratories and interagency laboratories has still not been
sufficiently disseminated among the academies of sciences of Georgia, Armenia,
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Tajikistan, and Turkmenia, although these academies are experiencing serious
lifficulties in implementing their scien~ific developments because of their weak
experimer_tal-production base.
I'roduct~on Base's�'and Experimental Plants
In the USSR Academy of Sciences during tlie last five years, a significant amount of
worlc I13S been done in creating the supply and equipment ?~ase to provide for carrying
scientific developi~rnts forward to meet the neQds of pruduction.
:dithout referring to the UkSSR Academy of Sciences, where such a base has been
especially developed, I wou].d like to talk about other academies of sciences.
; ~ ~
The BSSR Academy of Sciences has a successfully functioning Central Design Bureau
with an experimental shop and seven branches in physical-engineering institutes of
the ac