JPRS ID: 10446 WORLDWIDE REPORT TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050022-7
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• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 22
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10446
12 April 1982
Wor~dwide Re ort
p
. TELE~OMMUNICATf~NS POI.ICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(FOUO 8/82)
_ ~B~$ FOREIGN ~ROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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PJOTE
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Textj
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last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
- processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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- original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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JPRS L/10446
~.2 April 1982
WORLDWIDE REPORT
TELECOMMUNICA7IONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
CFOUO 8/82)
CONTENTS
^
ASIA
JAPAN
Satellite Broadcasting Pro~ected in 1990
(ASAHI EVIIdING NEWS, 22 Ma.r 82) 1
Briefs
New Meteorological Satellite Launched 2
WEST EUROPE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
France To Participate in Development of Sweden's TELE-X
(AIR ET COSMOS, 6 Mar 82) 3
, I'RANCE
Navy Reveals Details of Military Satellite, Future Options
(Pierre Langereux; pIR ET~COSMOS, 31 Oct 81) 5
Ariane Elicits Colombian Interest, Competes With NASA
(Francois Lebrette; VALEURS ACTUELLES, 28 Dec 81-3 Jun 82) 7
MATRA To Build New Facilities, Enter DBS Market
_ (Pi~rre Langereux; AIR ET COSMOS, 6 Mar 82) 10
~
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JAPAN
SATELLITE BROADCASTING PROJECTED IN 1990
OW221305 Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 22 Mar 82 p 3 ~
[Text] In the report the Study and Research Coim cil on tihe Diversification
of Broadcasting submitted or Friday to Posts and Telecommunications Minister
Noboru Minowa, it says that people will be able to enjoy telzvision broad-
ca:ts ~sing broadcasting satellites in the 1990's. Broadcasting satellites
wil]. make it possible for people to enjoy TV programs that are as clear as
movies, the high-fidelity reproduction of music, and to receive, by means
of a facsimile machine, hundreds of thousands of pages in just 30 seconds,
as well as still ;mages with soimd.
_ The report called for studies on technical developments, the establishment
of technical standards, the benefits to listeners and the economic feasibil-
ity of. such broadcasts.
Th e council was established within the Posts and Telecommunications Ministry
- in July 1980 and consists of 15 professors, journalists, researcher~ and .
critics. They studied demand treilds, technical developments a:id problems
connected with future bros~lcasting policy.
'Phe report submitted Friday to Minowa consisted of three parts: (1) Trends
toward diversification in the broadcasting field; (2) outl~ok for and
problems of broadcasting policy; a~d (3} proposals.
Symbolic of the whole is satellite broadcasting, which will begin with the
i~ practi.cal broadcasting satellite (BS-2) to be latm.ched in Niarch 1984. There
will be color broadcasts on two channels; both channels wil~ be used for
NHK broadcas*s to remote islands and mountainous areas, where the reception
of ordinary broadcasts ispoor, and during disasters.
I.ater two sate.llites, BS-3 and BS-4, will be launched to make available
eight channels under an international agreement. Users can receive broad-
casts anywhere in Japan if they turn a bowl antenna ~nF ineter in diameter
toward the point where longitude 110 degrees east crosses the equator.
- The problem is economic feasibility. If the advertising charge system is
adopted, the NHK channels will compete with commercial broadcasting stations.
The report proposes that the broadcasting waves be encoded and that listeners
U~ry ma~;netic cards each mo~th to i.nsert into decoders. The proposal i.Q,
i~: e~fect, for pay television. The report says that such broadcasts tr~ll be
ecotiomically feasible if 10 m9.llion people buy the pay TV receiving cards.
COPYRIGHT: Asahi ~vening Npws 1982

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JAPAN
BRIEFS
N~[d ME`.iLOROLOGICAL SATELLITE LAUNCHED--Tokyo, 17 Mar (JIJI PRESS)--Ja~an
will launch a new geostationary meteorological satellite, called GM~-3, by
N-II rocket in fiscal 1984 to replace the present "Himawari (Stmfluwer) II,"
the Space Development Council decided Wednesday. The council also decided
that Jap anese space engineers wi.ll start in fiscal 1983 preliminary
des.igning of the nation's third telecommunications satellite, dubbed CS-3,
to be lofted by the nex~-generation large rocket H-I. The council, chaired
by Director-General Ichiro Nakagawa of the Science and Technology Agency,
works out Japan's space development program every year, taking into accoimt
tlle domestic and international s~tuati~n. [Text] [OW171445 Tokyo JIJI
in English 1433 GNiT 17 Mar $2]
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
FRANCE TO PARTICIPATE IN pEVELOPMENT OF SWEDEN'S TELE-X
Paris AIR ET COSMOS in French 6 Mar 82 pp 43, 48
[Article by P,L.: "Important French Participation in the Swedish 'TELE-X' Sat-
ellite"]
[Text] French industry isbeing called on to play a very considerable part in
the building of the Swedish TELE-X experimental telecommunications satellite.
The CNES [Nationsl Center for Space Studies], which has participated in the
preliminary project studies since 1980, is taking on the role of consultant to
the Swedish Space Corporation during the definition phase preaently in pro-
- gress. Furthermore, the Swedish company SAAB [Swedish Aircraft Corporation]-
Scania, responsible for the design and construction of the satellite, is get-
ting support from the Franco-FRG Eurosatellite group, which will furnish the
platform for the T~LE-X satellite, and from the French company Aerospatiale for ~
project definition and management. In addition, the Swedish firm LM Ericsson,
responsible for TELE-X's payload, is getting imp4rtant technical support from
the French company Thomson-CSF [General Radio Company], notably for definition
of the repeaters, which will make maximum use of the equipment deveioped for
tl~e French direct-TV satellite TDF 1 and the Telecom 1 telecommunications sat-
elli.t-e.
Withi.n the framework of the contract made with the CNES at the end of 1981, the
Toulouse space center has formed a special support team for the TELE-X project;
in liaison with the personnel responsible for the French direct-TV satellite
TDF 1, it is assisting the Swedish team with t:rie technical monitoring of the
industri~l contracts in progress ai~d preparation of the contract for construc-
tion and launching of TELE-X. Furthermore, an agreement to reserve a European
launchcr was signed by the Swedish Space Corporation with Arianespace on 11 Feb-
ruary 1982. It pruvides for.the launching of TELE-X in June 1986 with an Ari-
ane 2 rocket.
" Furtt~ermore, the TELE-X project has been considerably revised from the initial
proposal. In particular, tt?e Swedish Space Corporation has eliminated the
Truclcsat payload, intended to p?-ovide for communications with trucks in.West
~ Europe.
The three other missions of the TELE-X satellite, using two repeaters for di-
" rect TV and two others for transmission of data and video images, are retained,
ttiough. They involve preoperational missions for:
3
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r~x v~rri~twL u~~, uNLY
--transmission of digital data: a two-channel repeater, operating in the
14-14.25 Gliz frequency band (for upwarn connections) and the 12.5-12.75 GHz
band (for downward connections), provides for transmissions among a large num-
ber of earth stations located on the territory of the Scandinavian countries.
The choice of a high radiated power for the satellite (100 W per channel).is
related to the objective of use of earth stations that are as simple as pos-
sil~le;
--transmission of video signals, using, on a time-share basis, the same equip-
ment on board the satellite as for the preceding mission. These video-signal
transmission cover both visual- and sound-broadcasting transfer connections
and teleconference, tele-education and teledistribution connections;
--br.oadcasting via satellite, through the intermediary of a two-channel repeat-
er operating in the 17.3-18.1 GHz (upward connections) and 11.7-12.5 GHz
(downward connections) irequency bands. This is a broadcasting (direct-TV)
mission in which the choice of high radiated power on the satellite (230 W per
channel) Permits individual reception with the aid of a small-diameter (60 to
90 cm) antenna at any point in the territory of the Scandinavian countries
(same coverage as for the preceding two missions).
We note that TELE-X will be used not only by Seden but also by Norway, Finlar~d
and Denmark. It effectively prefigures the future Nordcom operational telecom-
munications satellites of the Scandinavian countries.
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1982
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FRANCE
NAVY REVEAT,S DETAILS OF MILITARY SATELLITE, FUTURE OPTIONS
Paris AIR ET COSMOS in French 31 Oct 81 p 43
~Article by Pierre Langereux:"The Syracuse Network Will Be Operational in January
1984"; for related article see JPRS 79740, 24 Dec 81, #194 of this series, pp 35-
36~
[Text~ By 1 January 1984, the French Army and especially the French Navy will
have available to chem an operational SYRACUSE ~Satellite Radio Communication
System~ network for military and government telecommunications via satellite.
This was revealed by the French magazine ARMEES U~AUJOURU'HUI in an article by
I~avy Capt Christian Ract-Madoux, a distinguished officer of the SYRACUSE prograin
- in the Operations Division of the Navy Staf�.
This SYRACUSE program, the existence of which we revealed several months ago (see
AIR ET C~SMOS No 866), will use the first two national civil telecommunications
satellites--Telecom 1's--that will ~e launched in July and October 1983 respec-
tively by Eurc~pean Ariane 3 rockets and placed in geostationary orbi.t at 7 and
10 degrees West to cover ~urope, Africa, the MiddLe East, the Mediterranean and
Atlantic Ucean, and part of the Indian Ocean. These satellites are built by
~ MATRA ~Mechanics, Aviation and Traction Company~ with the participation of numer-
ous Frer.ch firms, including Thomson-CSF for the telecommunications payload invol-
ving the two 7.25-8.40.Hz military transponders, the TOP Cprogressive wave tube~
amplifiers of which will be furnished by the American firm Ford Aerospace.
The SYRACJSE ne.twork will provide the Armed Forces with telephone and telegraph
circuits that are reli.able, secure and protected against jamming. This space
telecommunications system will be "supplementary" to the military HF network and
"justifies the effort being made by the Navy to improve the reTiabil,ity, security
- and resistance to jamming of its HF circuits," Captain Ract-Madoux explains.
According to this high-ranking officer of the SYRACUSE pr.ogram, the ground seg-
ment,developed under the aegis of the DGA ~General Delegation for Weaponry~,
the General Staff ~f the Army and that of the Navy, will include:
--Three earth stations situated near Brest, near Paris and Southern Fr~nce. Two
of these three stations will be on Navy bases and will be manned by Navy person-
nel; the third will be on a Ground Forces base;
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NUK Uf~Nll.'IAL U5~ VNLY �
--Some 10 mobile stations designed especially for use by the Navy for fpreign
actions and to strengthen the OMIT ~Military Interforces Communications Organiza-
tion~;
--Some 10 naval stations which, taking into account their cost and to optimize
their use, will be transportable from one ship to another; some 15 large ships
- will be equipped to accommodate these stations.
By way of one o� the two Telecom 1 military transponders, the ships will be able
to establish up to three simultaneous links with the metropolitan earth stations.
These links, which will be encrypted and protected against jamming, will be
operated mainly as slow- and high-speed telegraph circuits and CHS ~high-grade-
encryption~ telephone circuits.
SYRACIIS~ will be the first mili~ary telecommunications satellite facility to
becorne operational in France.
Succe.~sor to SYRACUS~
- Considering the limited service life (7 years) oL- Telecom 1 satellites, the Armed
rorces have already begun thinking about the space system that is to succee~ these
satellites come 1990. According to Captain Rack-Madoux, this could be:
~ --Either a mixed civil and military satellite--a solution that, attractive though
it .is from the c~st stand~oint, poses two major problems: A limited a:id very
likely insuf-fici~nt capacity if the network is to be opened to other users; and a
spot on the orbit that will be very difficult to provide, since the more diEferent
frequency bands a satellite covers, the more complex its positioning becomes. It
must in effect be dis~.anced at the same time from other military as well as other
commercial satellites. This problem, already a difficuTt one for Telecom 1, is
~ ].ikely to be an impossible one in 1990 considering the larye number of satellites
that will be launched between now and then.
--Or a satellite exclusively for governmental and military use, which would make
it posaible to extend the network to many users and, by the use of other frequency
band:;, to resolve the problems of station congestion and hence to consider air-
craft and submarine links.
But--the author concludes--while this solution is attractive, the question is:
will the Arm~d Forces be capable of undertaking such a space program while con-
tinuiny their effort to improve telecommunications links that use conventional
frec~uency bands?
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1981
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FRANCE
ARIANE ELICITS COLOMBIAN INTEREST, COMPETES WITH NASA
Paris VALEURS ACTUELLES in French 28 Dec 81-3 Jun 82 pp 28-29
~Article by Francois Lebrette: "The Clients of Ariane"~
~Excerpts~ Space is smaller than it would seem to be. It offers only 90 spots
- to geostationary satellites--those li.nks that more and more will be replacing
~ earth-based cables for telecommunications--although present plans call for the
launching of over 200 of them during the next 10 years.
"Basically," says Mr Klaus Iferland, assistant director of the Arianespace com-
pany, "all that is necessary is to increase the frequenoies used in order to
obtain a severalfold increase in the number of usable channels."
This German engineer, who 10 years ago worked on the Europa rocket, now works on
the technical aspects and the marketing of the Ariane launcher. In a French
barely marked by a slight accent, he explained to me:
"Actually, the problem will not be really acute except where direct television
satellites are concerned. Each country is goinq to want to brim over into the
other countries so as to increase its audience. And it is not yet certain that
the receiving antennas will be sufficiently selective.
Thc issue has been brought now to the fore and in an unexpected way, by a country
one would not have expected to do so: Colombia. Straddling the equator as it
does, this country has decided to "nationalize" the space region directly over it.
- The United States, the first to use the American zone of the equatorial orbit,
has obviously refused to agr.ee to this intent on the part of Bogota. And with
arguments that are not without substantial weight.
To begin with, says the United States, there is a difference between outer space
and adjacent space. Furthermore, it is unacceptable that the geostationary orbit
be conFiscated by the only countries situated on the equator, thus constituting a
kind of orbit OPEC consisting of Zaire, the Maldives, Indonesia and Gabon.
Above all, the Colombian claim is inconsistent from a technical standpoint. Once
or twice a month, a satellite is subjected to an eclipse: The sun no longer feeds
its photoelectric panels. Since it would be too costly to carry heavy batteries
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ru~c urri~'rwt, u~r, u~Lr
aboard the satellite, the spacecraft is shifted, in these cases, a.`few degrees .
westward of the receiving country, to reduce these "outages" to just a few r.ours
during the night. In other words, if Co2ombia wanted to put up satellites, it
would have to "shift" them over above its neighbor: Ecuador!
rhe concern of the third-worZd countries, however, is understandable. They too
will be needing satelli~es, and even more so ~han the industrialized countries.
Thus, Indonesia has ordered from the United Sta~.es its own geostationary satel-
lite, which since last spring has k.~een praviding telephone communications among
the largest of the country's 4,000 is7.ands. To interconnect them by means of
conventional cable facilities would have been very much more expensive.
In countries lacking hasic infrastructures, the most viable solution is the satel-
lite. Provided there is room on the equat~rial orbit, In this context, those
able to launch satellites can dici:ate the law. Dut they can be counted on the
fingers of one.hand.
Japan, with its small. "N" rocket can place 250 kg in geostatiionary orbit. But
zt is still i.n the t.esting stage, and tests so far tiave not been conclusive. It
appears that China is doing double quick time as regards the launching of its
"I~ong March" rocke~o but the launching is not expected to take place for at least
another year.
F~riane launched the first satellite dedicated to maritime links--Marecs 1--on
20 December. And it is still Ariane that will place Marecs 2 in orbit in April.
But for the firsL- timc~, the Soviets have offered to launch a foreign satellite:
The international organization Inmarsat's satellite scheduled to be orbited in
1983 or 1984.
Apart from this exception, competition in the international satellite-launching
market is reduced to tv~o rivals: Europe witPi its Ariane, and the Unized States.
- The term "competil-ion" is actually not very exact: With ~nly two in the market,
they cannot {ceep up with the world demand. Mr Iferland explains:
"NASA cannot fill a11 requests, because of constraints with regard to launching
dates, which must often be very exact. Ariane derives the benefit frQm this
situation.
Neve.rtheless, the Americans are not welcoming with enthusiasm the arrival of the
Europeans in a market that has been their monopoly since the launching of Early
Birc! (weighing scarcely 40 kg) in 1965. The fact that Ariane is competing with
NASA for its own damestic clientele does not make them any happier.
The Arianespace company and the ESA ~European Space Agenex~ have in hand 22 firm
orders fur launchings, including particularly those of five American satellites:
one for Western Union, two for the GT~ Corporation, two for Sou~.hern Pacific
_ Cornmunications. Moreover, the Furopeans have gained the Arabic clientele. The
14th Ariane rocket will carry up the first Arabsat in February 1984. In sum, the
international organizati.ons, long dominated by the Amexicans, are beginning to
deal witti the European organization: Thi.s is already the case with the Marecs
launchings and will also be the case with Intelsat.
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Arianespace aiso has bookings on 16 reservations, each one covered by a paid-in
!~inder of $1.00,000. Amcng its potential clients are: Brazil, Australia, again
Arabsat, and Colombia for two Satcol's.
"The controversy between Washington and Bogota on the ownership of space has beeri
beneficial to us," says Mr Iferland laughingly.
Each launching represents 1 milliom hours of work for the firm that is chosen.
Five contracts a year guarantee close to 4,000 jobs: The economic interest is
_ obvious. This explains the decision by the Europeans to build, at Kourou, a
second launching platform for Ariane. It will cost 600 million L-rancs and will
be ready by the end of 1984. By that year, Kourou 1 will have reached saturation
' wi.*h six launchings (versus three planned for 1982~.
The Americans are reacting by preparing a second launching platform for their
Thor-Delta rockets; this instaliation could become operational next year. The
delays experienced by the Shuttle had already led NASA to resume building its
- Thor and Atlas-Centaur rockets, on which it had been marking time.
Even the coming into be~ng of the Shuttle does not worry the Europeans, Today,.
a launching by Ar.iane costs 20 percent less than with a Thor--Delta. But the price
of a launching by the Shutt~e will be r,alf that by the European rocket.
"Actually," Mr Tferland thinks he is correct in saying, "for the Americans this
represents a price to which they are bound owing to a se.rious underestimation of
the cost of the Shuttle, and which will be valid only until September 1985."
Beyond that guaranteed ~eriod, 1~ASA will therefore have to revise its price. Will
it then be cheaper than Ariane? Designed to return to earth, the Shuttle cannot
go too �ar out into space; it cannot attain th~a height of the transfer orbit from
which a satellite reaches its final orbit under its own power. To orbit geo-
stationary satellites, the Shuttle must therefore carry as a supplement the equi-
valent of the third stage of the Ariane rocket. This presents a very complex
and cost'ly problem.
In any case, the I~ericans, over the next 10 years, will have only four shuttles.
By 1985, the Europcans will be able to put into orbit weights of 4 tons with
l~riane 4(versus less than 2 tons with today's Ariane}. The choice between the
two vehic.les wi11 undoubtedly depend upon price, but also upon diplomatic con-
siderztions. And it is still. not certain that these two launchers will then be
enough to satisfy the demand.
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- 1~'UI~ UF~'i('SAL iJ~~ UNI~Y
FRANCE
- r1ATRA T'0 BUILD NEW FACILITIES, ENTER DBS MARKET
Paris ATR ET COSMOS in F~ench 6 P1ar 87_ pp 39-41
[Article by Pierre Langereux: "MATRA (M~chanics, Aviation and Traction Co] Is
I'aking On tt?e Direct-TV-SatelliteG Market"]
[Text] As 1982, marking the 20th anniversary of ~TRA's entry into space, be-
gins, Noel Mignot, director of the company's space sector, has reason.
The turnover of MATRA-Space has doubled in 1 year, from Fr. 382 million in 1980
to Fr 702 million in 1981, while its personnel gre~a from 645 to 854 persons,
with an average age of 32, the lowest in the company.
I~urr.hermore, the sta.tf will soon reach 950 employees (51 per.cent of them engin-
eers and cadres), and they will number more than 1,000 next year--half at Veli-
zy, near Paris, and half at Toulouse, where PIATRA has just placed in service
its new Palays space center., which represents an investment of Fr 190 million.
r1ATit~1 thus has Europe's biggest space center for construction and integration
of satellites. With its 25,000 mL of covered surface area, including 2,200 m2
in clean rooms, it will malce it possible to i.ntegrate 5 satellites simultane-
otisl.y and caill be able to accomodate the biggest satellites of the 1990's--both
those of the Shuttle kind and the ftiture European Ariane 5 rocket.
- Outloolc .ior Evolul-.ion of P4ATRA-Space's Ti.irnover by 5ector from 1981 to 1986
1981 1.986
Millions Millions Growth
Turnover of Francs % of francs % %
_ 'I'elecommunications 244 34.7 35U 18.4 43
Observarion of Earth 215 30.6 ~20 42.2 281
5ci.ence