JPRS ID: 10447 USSR REPORT AGRICULTURE

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CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040500054023-6 - FOR OF'FICIAL USE ONLY JPRS L/ 10447 - 13 Aprii 1 ~82 USSR Re art p AGRICULTURE (FOUO 6/82) ~ FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMA i!ON SERVICE FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 NOTE JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newsgapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language sources are translated; those from English-language sour.ces - are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and other characteristics retained. Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text] or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was ~1 processed. Where no processing indicator is giver~, the infor- - mation was summarized or extracted. iJnfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. _ Other unattributed parenthetical notes ~aith in the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source. The conrents of this publication in no way represent the poli- c ies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government. ~ COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERS:~IP OF MATERIALS REPR~JDUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 JPRS L/10447 13 April 1982 USSR REPORT AGR I C.ULTURE (~'OUO 6/82) A, CONTENTS LIVESTO~K Feed Additives �or Increased Poultry Production Diacuased (I. Martynov; PTITSEVODSTVO, Feb 82) 1 AGRO-ECONOMICS AND ORGANIZATION Capital Investment Plans for Rural Construction During - Eleventh Five-Year Plan (A. A. Sergeyev; PLANIROVANIYE I UCHET V SEL'- SROKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH PREDPRIYATIYAICH, Jan 82) 4 Improving Structure of Regional Agroindustrial Complex (G. Rusu; VOPROSY EKONOM'IKI, Jan 82) 13 ~ Efficiency of Kolkhoz Economic Operations Discusaed (A. M. Simakov; PLANIROVANIYE I UCHET V SEL' SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH PREDPRIYATIYAKH, Nov 81) 26 - a - [III - USSR - 7 FOUO] FOR OFFIC~AL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500050023-6 I.IVc.STOCK. _ UDC 636.~.085.1 Nl~.~in .~,DL'ITIVd5 FOR INCRr'.~?S~D POULTRY PRODUCTION DISCUSSGD Moscow PTITSrVODSTVO in R~ssian No 2, Feb 82 pp 19-20 /Irticle by I. Martynov, candidate o� agricultural sciences and chief of the Feed Department of USSR Ptitseprom: "Chemical and Microbiological Feed Additives"/ /Te~:t/ Our country's poultry farming workers are confronted by great tasks fox the Eleventh r^ive-Year Plan. The plans call for the onnual yield of ~ggs to be raised to 72 billion during this period. An increase in the production of poultry products requires ati expansion in the procluction capabilities of the mixed feed industry and those enterprises engaged in produc~.ng the many types o.E feed additives and preparations. Simultaneously with increasing the production of mixed feed for poultry and employing new �eed agents, improve:nents must also be realized in the quality of the feed. The animal husbandry technology must ensure a rational biochemir,al process for , _ transforming the feed agents, in the organisms of animals, into food and raw , material products. retd constitutes the initial and basic element of this technology. The feed proportion o~ the oeerall production costs for animal husbandzy products amounts to approxiu?ately 70 percent. Thus the economic nature and profitabilit~ of poultry raising farms are determined mainly based upon the ful.i value o~ the rations and the degree of feed consumption for the production of = a unit of output. If use is made of rations which are not balanced in terms of the _ most imporCant nutrients and particularly protein and vitamins, it will be _ impossible to carry out poultry farmfng in an intensive and highly productive manner. ' The Leed ration for poultry must ~onsist of 90-92 percent plant protein and 8-10 percent of high value protein of animal origin. However, ~t.he rAw material resources , for ~~roducing feed that contains adequate amounts of animal protein are limited in our country just as they are throughout the ~~orld. In the case of plant feads, - shortages are being experienced in such irreplaceable amii~o acids as lysine, cnethionine and tiyptophan. According to data made available by VASK,'~NIL /All-Union Acaciemy oE Agricultural Sciences imeni V.I. Lenin/, of the 12 percent protein coritained in wheat ana 10 percent in barley, efficient use is being made of only 6 percent and of the 23 percent protEin in peas 10 percent. Thus the plant feeds _ must be supplemented by additives and preparations which will make it possible to increase the use of their protein in Che organiams of poultry. 1 FOR OFFICIAL USE O~i1.,Y APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 H'uR Ub'F7(;lAL U5~ UNLY Unc ,nean:; for covering the deficit in high quality protein and for ensuring that tt~f~ ricicipal forage crops (barley, oats) and 2.5 times more than from the grain of ~>~~as. This protein is balanced in terms of the group of amino acids and it is rich - in t~r~ns of those amino acids which are lacking in the protein of grain crops. Tl-ius there is 10 times more ly~ine in nutrient yeasts than in barley and oats, R~etliionine 2-3 times, triptopnan 2-4 tim~s and arg~nine, histidine, leucine ancl threonine 3-ti times . Nutrient yeasts contain a lar~e number of the Group B vitamins. However, experience reveals that the irztroduction inte a ration of yeasts fram iTiicrobe synthesis, produced ~oith a violation ef the technology or in raised dosages, lowers the productivity of the poultry. nebr:itive ~ro~erty of nutrient Yeasts is their pulverized state. In conformity with !:he OST /all-union standard/, they appear as a finely dispersed mass which is t~lowr~ ak~ay durinb the pneumatic conveying of mixed feed and separsted during ra.il and motor vehicle transport operations and also during issuing to the poultiy. - Ow.Cng to the increased formation of dust during the prepara~ion and issuing of feed mixtures containin~ yeasts obtained from microbe synthesis, anti-sanitary conditions are cr~atecl in the produc~ion facilities. Thv~ it is deemed advisable to produce tliis vdluable feeu addieive in micro-granulated form, with the particles measurin~ 1.()-I..S millimeters. Glavmilcr.obioprom /Main lidministration of the Microbiological Tcldus~rY/ must undertalce efficient measures aimed at improving the quality of the yeascs and their technological form. I^ recetit years the livestock breeders have been able to test in actual practice, clurin~; ~he enrichment of rations, the most scarce aniino acid in plant feeds l;~ine, prepared using the industrial method. Yreliminary scientific experiments liave revealed that the inclusion of feed preparations of lysine (up to the norm) in mixed f.eed lacking in lysine, for laying hens of egg and meat lines, turkeys and rcpl.acement young chicken stock and broilers produces an incr~ase in the prod uc:tivit} cf adult poultry of 10 percent, a reducti~n of feed expenditures per uniL of output of 10-14 percent, an increasP in the hatchability of the eggs of `~-14 p~~rcent-, an increase in the live weight of young stock of 10 percent against , at~ expenditure of 2.4 kilograms oF mixed feed per kilogram of weight and a savings of 50-6G percent in the consumption of animal feed. 2 FOR OFFIC~AL U~E ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500050023-6 Lysir.e in ti:e ,:orm uf a feed concentrate is presently being produced by enterprises - ~n the Lacvi~r. ~~SR. Belorussia, Armenia and some other republics. However, its p. oduction i_s ~y no :n~ ~ns n,Peting the rEquirements of poul[ry production for this 3'.IllilO acid {aPproxirr.acely 30 percent) . The principal shortcomings of thc,~. domestic ~eed E>reparations ol lysine are its h~groscopicity, which promotes the formation of lu~n~s, and iow f~~,:.c~ivity (1U-12 percent) . The complete satisfaction of the '~~~anch's requirements i'or lysine ;:equires a further increase in the domestic capabilities for producin~ feed p.repar~itions and raisin; their quality. Th? plans for. th~ current five-year period also call for an expansion in the production of chemical feed additives. Among these additives, speciai importance is a~tached to those p~eparations which are employed for stabtlizing individual coii?ponents and feed mir.tures. Interest in the problem of stabilizing feed a~ents arose in connection with the industrial production of mixed feeds, the p~cescription Eor ~.~hich includes numerous additi.ves, particularly microelements, vitar.iins, technical fats and other substances capable af oxidizing. Moreover, st~bstances ~.~hi::h protect feed additive; f.rom oxidation (anti-oxidants) exert a positive ef_fect on the orbanisms of. an~.ma~s. Santochin (etoxykhin) is included amor.g the niore ef.f.ective anti-oxid::~nr_s. It is used for stabilizing fats, fat-soluble vitamins, ~r~mi~ces and mixe~l fee~s and also as a preventive and medicinal means for combAting alimentary enceplial.ona!yarsi~~a a.r; youtlg ~oultzy, especiaily broilers. The use of. santochin ensures a high de~ree of preservation for the poultry and for the nutritional vrlue of the products. The plans call for a considerable in~rea~e in tliF~ E,rod~lcr.ion of santcchin for satisfying the requirements of poultry farming. 'This will ue accocaplished by expanding the capabiliti~s of enterprises of the , chemical i.ndustry. Improvements are presently being carried out in a new and dry form of san~ochin (yuinol GDK si-ilphate), which is more suitable for inclusion in inix.ed feed and wttich is nor infer.ior ~o the former type in terms of activity. - t~~orlcers in the chemical and microbiolo~ical industry, in collaboration witY? the a~;ricul~ural specialists, mu,t still accomplish a great 3ea1 towards satisfying the rcyuire,nenCs of animal ln~.sbandry for feed additives an1 they must constantly search Lur a~lditional resources and reserves f_or realizing this ~oal. CU1'YRI;EIT: IzdateL':;tvo "Kolos", "Fti~sevodstvo", 1982 7Ucb CSI~: ;.8?4/'L13 3 ~~~2 OFFICIAL liSE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500450023-6 r~~ urhi~ta?L u~~, uNLY AGRO-r:CONOMIC~ AI~ID ORGANIZATION CAPTTAL IN~I~S't1~tENT PLANS FOR RURAL CONSTRUCTION DURING ELEVENTfi FIVE-YEAR PLAN Moscow PLANIROVANIYE I UCHET V SEL'SIGOKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH PRIDPRIYATIYAKH in Russian . No 1, Jan 82 pp 2-6 /Articl.e by A.A. Sergeyev, deputy chief o~ the Agricultural Department of USSR Gosplan: "Principal Trends for Capital Investments During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan/ ~ /Text/ The 26th CPSU Congress and the Sixr.h Sesaion of the Tenth Cqnvocation of the US5R Supr~ne Soviet have clearly defined the priority tasks for the economic and social development of Soviet society and the means for solving these tasks during the coming years. Since the time of the March (196~) Plenwn of Che CC CPSU, our agriculture has made considerable advances, the logistical base has been recreated substantially, improvements have been realized in the organization of labor and production and the intensiCy of land usage has been raised. This ha~ made it possible, despite - the unfavorable conditions experien~ed over a number of years, to increase considerably the production of agricultural products. However, definite difficulties are still being experienced in the sphere of food supply fer ~he population. In this regard, the task of impzoving the supply of food gooda for the population is listed first and foremost in the party's agrarian policies. In ~he Summary Report by the CC CPSU to the 26th part,y congress, the need for developing a special food program as a constituent part of the five-year plan was thoroughly validated. In it, the plans call for atrengthenii'g ~he binding elem~nCs of agriculture: the production o� grain, feed, animal husbandry produc:rs, their proceesing, preservation and sale. 'The Basic Directions for.the Economic and Sncia~. Development of the USSR During the 1981-1985 Period and for the Period Up To 1990 cnll for an average annual gross yield of grain during the Eleventh ~ive-Year Plan of 238-243 million tons, Yor meak praductian in 1985 to reach 18.2 million tans, or 3 million moxe tons than the �igure �or 1980, for increases in the praduction of milk, eggs, ra~a cotton, sugar beets, vegetables and ather agricultural producta and for labor praductivity at kalkhozes and sovkhozes to be rai.Red by 22-24 ~ercent. The implementation of Che indicated tar,ks ia based upon a powerful logiatical base for agriculture. In fulfillment of ~he paxty's long-tern~ progrem, adopted during tl~e March (1965) Pl.enum of Che CC CPSU~ lnrge-scale measures were carried out 4� FOR OI~FIC[AL USE ON]LY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050023-6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500050023-6 ciiC1E~" 3t i:1T~=tii~L" =YS:Yi~t:^,+?:l:.,tjj C~1~.c'. pi~+='t.= ~;~c. f `E.,~�. cf1Cj CsT 1Q~.niCJ; the tJl'AAC~I~ S = ii:�ed prod~c~i�~:~ c:~~:t~:. o~ Gn. ~�T.:LC.~S~I:'~aY:~1 :'etiCi:Y,~ inad i::cr.ex~sed to almost 217 .':iion rubies, com~_~rc:d tc cniy _.:.~'i~~m .._.b!es a~ Ck~c~~ cr~,d oz 1975. ihe pool of :Oi1~lL1t;c1Li~C1 817~. il~~~'i.~.~j ~%'+~/~V.;:~,;~'~/i= 2L~i~j,,'i;t.'.f.l`l' i]'. 1(GI.sL~2CS21,':'t &ISd. 50V~Ct~~zes had grown imineasurabiy dP.~1 tfiE: ~F[.a