JPRS ID: 10563 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500070009-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 56
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 9
• Content Type: REPORTS

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ,
~ JPRS. L/ 10563 .
i
. 3 ~une 1982
F '
~ "
- ~ Worldwide Re or#
p
- NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
CFOUO 25/82)
.
~8~~ FOREIGN BROADCAS~ INFORIIIIATION SERVICE
FOIt OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
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~ JPRS L/10563
. 3 June 1982
~ WORI.DWIDE REPORT
- NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DF2UGS ~
~ ~ ( FOUO 2 5/ 3? 2)
CONTENTS
ASIA
MALAYS IA
German Group Would Set Up Rehabilitation Center ,
(NEW STRAITS TT_MES, 9 Agr 82) 1
Shortage of Morphine Processing Agent
(NEW STRAITS TIMES, 12 Apr 82) 2
Selangor Police Seize 5 P4tmds of Heroin
- (NEW ST~tAITS TIMES, 1 May 82) 3
Frenchwoman Held on Trafficking Charge
(NEW STRAITS TIMES, 7 May 82).......:e ~ 4
PAKIS TAN
- Briefs
' Hashish Smuggling Bid Foiled 5
Charas Seized 5
.Charas Seized Near Multan 5
. S INGAPORE
Pact With ;~talaysia on Grossborder Pursuit
(NEW STRAITS TIMES, 8 Apr 82) . 6
~4iAILAND
~ Deputy Prime Minister Discusses Antidrug Drive
- (Prachuap Suntharangkim Intervie::; NATION REVIEW,
- 17 rsay 82) 7
- a - [III - WW - 138 FOUO]
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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LATJId AI~ERI CA
,
BOLIVIA ~ '
Coca Farmers Claim Government Authorized Plantings
, (PRESENCIA, 4 May 82) 10
Research Entity Studies Legal Industralization of Coca
(PRESENCIA, 1.May 82) 12
Concern ~;aer Use of Toxic Herbicides Noted
. (PRESENCIA, 28 Apr 82, EL DIARIO, 30 Apr 82)........... 13
INC Institute's Warning -
Political Leader Issues Pmtest
Narcotics Council Informs Public
- Retired Army ~fficer Arrested Transporting Coca Cargo
. (EL MUNDO, 18 Mar 82) 17
l'hargss of Armed Raids Against Coca Farmers Denied ~ .
(PRESENCIA, 29 Apr 82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Briefs ~
_ Torrelio Lauds Campaign ~ 20
Large-S cale Crackdown ~ 20
COLOMBIA
Life in Coca-Ibminated Puerto Leguizamo Economy
(Ma.rbel Sandovalo; EL TLE;~O, 12 Apr 82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
ME XI CO
Federal Official Claims 90 Percent Cut in Drug Production,
Smuggling
(EL INlPARCIAL, 4 May 82) 25
. Marihuana Shipment Seized, Traffickers Arrested
(EL DIARIO DE PIEDRAS NEGRAS, 13 Apr 82) 27
Briefs -
Marihuana Supply Fotmd 29
~ 'Evaluation Plan' Results 29
" Arrest for Heroin Possession 29
- Sonora Antidrug Campaign 30
. -b-
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NEAR EAST AND NOR~I A~'RI,CA
EGYPT .
Security Forces Foil Several Dr.ug-Smuggling Operations '
(M~mir al-Musayri; AI~iIR SA' AH, 31 Mar 82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
- Feature Article on Opium Cultivation in E85rpt
('Asim Rashwan; AL-MUSAWWAR, 5 Mar 82) 37;
SUB-SAHARAN AI~RZCA
' LESOZiiO
~ Move To Legalize Dagga Fails
(Mike Waddacor; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 May 82) . . . . . . . . 45
SENEGAL
B riefs
- Arrest of Four Traffickers 46
S OU~i AFRI CA
B rie fs
Opium Haul 47
Drugs Seized in 1981 47 '
Opium Dealer Gets Bail 47
- WEST EUROPE
GREECE ~ .
Btiefs
- Mul tinational Drug Traffickers Arrested 48
Large Heroin Seizure . 48
TURKEY
0-~erview of ~Jarcotics Directorate Operations Provided
(MILLIYET, 28 Mar 82) 49
- - c -
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MALAYSIA
_ GERM~N GROUP WOULD SET UP REHABILITATION CENTER
Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 9 Apr 82 p 19
[Text] ,
. IPOH. Thurs. - Day-~ tralning ceatre pro~ect
top - a ptlvate Ger~~ the rl g t in I ca~l
in

1~ man ln~titution, for lttstive ot g+etttn~ help
t h e r ap y a n d r e- ~rough treatment and
1~ habflifatlon oi all� ~h~.~~,.
- klnda ot addiction - is~ �~o Dsytop oKicen �
keea to aet up a thera, are in Ipoh ta study the:
. pCt~
tic trtfining centre passlblltty ot accom-.
in M81a~ysia t0 Catet' anodatlna bot2~ the peo-
for tlu needs of the ~d therapeutic tcaln-
' Ase~n reglon. fns c~tre aad aomnn'~. �
This non�pro[it mak- ~n~u ~ on home
ing organlsatlow whlch. at Batu G ah Puut~
. � I~as lZ therapeutlc cen- pe~~~y
cre, m c3ermany. b al.o ~y are xr. Nartin.
ready 3o start a chvg re- *�~,~.,~�bann. 38. awd H~-~
babpitatfon ceatre solely c f k SY a k o b A D d u 4
tor aomen ta ~[alayala. w. g~holer. l3,.
The orsaaisatloa- is ~the tounder ot Pusat
pe~eQared Ln ~umP the in- : p~
ltlrr tund~ W start the ,~6+p) Irom Day.
pe~yect~ but it needa the top a re~earch aad
su ~w~ort and cooPeration' P~'~ deveio~meat de-:
_ o! bcul agencies. individ- ~~~hann said
' valtoreven(3overna~eat. Da~to had pioked
or non�dove~ameat bod-. ~~~~a ot the
ies b ke~P tha I~~~ l[alatydaa ~iovernmeM's
~I~
ti representative~~ � p~~- m 1 n d e d n e s
here have cart!~ed out towarda iohing the dru~.
preliminary dlscua~tons, a "Saub~avnsreness and' "
wtth the Welfare l~[In- acce~ptance ot the. es-
istry oa ib propos~ls. ~ ~ of the prob{em bp.
The �rganisatio~? Lan s(iovernmeat b unusw!
named ,the taerapeutlc ~ we p~ aple to
. � P~7 P~ ~suppo~'
the (3overnment'~ dm to
eradleate th~ problem.�;
- he wid _ :
CSO: 5300/8325
1
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?NALAYSIA
~ SHORTAGE OF I~ORPHINE PROCESSING AGENT ~
Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 12 Apr 82 p 7
. [Text]
PENA1~iG. 3un, -'th811ltcftmarkettnThai- ot Thalland's Ottice ot 500,000 addtcts. 60 per
~~~y~j~ ~d caad. he aslded. Narcotlci Control Board. cent ot them between i!
- ~ice hav~ identlBed ~~d combined and Mr Fow Sae~ln. sald hL and Z6 years ot age.
our iatern8tional latensifled mea~ures goverameat was gotng ~ He added that heroin.
dtvg tralACking sya h~ad~slso ~lted~in~tl~~e , traKtcking andle dru6 devg n Thaii�rtend.~~'her~e
dica4es. CID ChfCi Da- ~t of~ ~veral impor- tho nsrcotica "K ng". were 60 rehshllitation
tult Abdu1 Rahmatl I8- ~t v~clcers and thr Kunsa. operatlug ia the centre~ in hls countty but
medl aslti h�t"e todsY� nelsure ot large amounts (3olden Triangle. they aere unable to copa
"TaeAt -~evea bl6- ot nareotica. . He said the Tba! drug wlth the uuintier of ad-
. tfine traf~leken have. ~.!~7~~.. ~m a'+~ '
alio bnen I~ti!!ad and .
thepo ifce are seroln~ ia�
0o tteem." he told a~ress . ~
conterenoe st the euA of a=
two-day Yalayda-Tha!
CID 1Wson tneetta~ ,
Hd. sald the actlvlties
- oi lAi~^kpoppy aroaera fn '
the (3olde~n Trian~le had~ .
been dUrvpted and wt-
der~round lab~ de� � . ~
dcoyed by Tha! narcotlca ,
oitlcers.
The Dm~? of dr~ Into
_ Halaqda and Thailand
had beea reduced follow-
ln~ this ~ucces~. he
added. ~ .
Dstuk Abdul Rahmaa
iald there was an acute .
~hortas e af .acetic
a~ydr~de. the ehemtcaf
~ wf~ich b u~ed to peoduoa�
htroin
"'I7~e ~h0eda6e totces
ilUcit cheml~t to stoppro-
ce~ilna morphlne lnto
heeoin
'T}le QO~00 IIaVE Z8J[Eft
~ sll measuew to cootrc! ~
the dlversbn ot oceNo
swAydride trom lawtul
~o~+o~a la ~i~ta,~ lnto
_ CSC~: 5300/8325
?
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PIALAYSIA
_ _
� SELANGOR POLICE SEIZE 5 POUI~IDS OF HEROIN '
Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS T~IE3 in English 1 May 82 p 8
[Text] '
RLAN(i, Frl. - Sels~e~or pollce
selsed ~,l70 ~es (srout tive
ponads) oi 6erMn ta pewtlius
Js a yesterds : ~
~ old~~p e~~ nad a~l~esr-ol~slrL
'Tre dru~s sel~ could provide
mora tlw~n SM,N~ "shots". �
_ Psiice beUeve t6e ms~a 6s s la
cal s~ad laterai?Uensl trstllclcer.
!lelans+or CtD c61ei ACP Niu6
s.v. ~.ck .aia wie aaw~aras .ec- ~ ,
Uoa t~om t6e Petall~~ Jw~w pelioe
. ~t t~e1s brest ~n Wednesday �
wie~ tLey cheeted tbe S~-yesr~li`
.swpectt w6~ ~ras wslkiri In tbe .
- se~ ~ ~t s.ss p.m. ~:a r.~a
. three amsll psctea et 6er.la o~
. Wto. . .
$ubsequent tt~vesti~stl~as~ �
s~wed~ tLst 6e 6ad I~teseWooal
c~eaectlons sad wss s waa~
tntitcteY.� ' �
: Yesterday. s poliee p~?rt~ led D~? ~
ASP Chaa Cre~s Mns rstded s~
I~use In Secti~s 17 aad seised t6e
t~7i ~rsmmea ot the drus ~a
p"rssttc
Tl~e Ds ~ sls~ detsiasd
a 61r! Is tUe bws~ or questteainn~.
- ACP Niu6 c~mplimeat,ed tiM PJ
pNice o~ tbelr wccess. ~ . . �
~ CSO: 5300/8325
- 3
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MALAYSIA
FRENCHWOMAN HELD.ON TRAFFICKING CHARGE
_ Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 7 May 82 p 6
I~NANG, Thuta. - ~~B tor i~d aind ahe~
[ Text ] The I~iigh Cotu: today did not k~aw tha~ it c~un-~
~eserved its declsion ~ned heroln. :
~ on whether to call ~r Kumaraendraru
French aeCletar said the investtgatio~~
~ Saubtn Beatrice to carrted out bq the C~s~~
make her defence on er, toms otticers was ahab-
by~. as ic uaa cs~iea ca
drug-trafficking~ e~~ ~ swabs, Unger,
charge. ~ prlnts.and Gn6er nail ,
' Mr Justice S T. H. IsG cllppln~s oi Sestrl,ce tq .
esid he wouid.~eter h.' d~~{~ Mbe~r trierqi
- deciaion untfl the hesrla were trues ot herotn. : .
on May ZL EYe: satd DPP Encjk Asmi Ah~
atter deteace counee! ][r' mad 1n asldng the court
K. Kumaraendran and; ~a call for ber. detence.
' D~PP Eac1k Asmi Ahma~ ~jd the prwecution had
had siven their ~ub�'� m~e ew~ a prima facie
_ � miaatoiu at the cloee oi' ~~,;;,~-,~(oe, vras toun~
the prosecutlon case thls~ tn cuetody a~d control oi~ ,
lnornla~. . the suitcase at. flie air.z
BeaLrieG Z3. t'rom Psey posl. he sald.. � ~
~ is. la charg~ed wlth traf~ The DPP added � G~ts~ ,
- ti~~ins in ss~gramme.~ oy con� ora~ers ~aa ae~
herola a1 the .Bayaa Ley her boardtng a ta~ci ai ths,
pes interns~ional airpoe'g E and O Hotel carra?in~ ~
' at 215 pm oa Jan. 71~ 19~~ tne n auiicase. ~
~ `Shabby' ~a she . waa,
, search~d at the alrport~,
~ E a r 1 1 e r. yt e5 her ctot.lfings. .som~
~ Kumaraendra~r in hls her plane ~lekets~
aubmisslon said tha~ pras~ �nd ~p�~ a'e~ f0i~
ecutlon hnd not made ouN ~p ~he ~uitease. �
a prima tacie case and? The beroin, tht DPP;
� that bis cli~ent ~houid be~ w~ ~O touad ln ~
acqaftted. plastic pacf~ata 61dde� In,
He ssld Beatr~ce's csu- the suitcaee. As auch, the~ ~
Uoned it~tement wbich DPP iaid. there ts pre-
. was teadered to the court sumption und~r� the Iaw;
_ ciear�IJ ihoaed ihat ;he /6ai she had knowled~
- had no lcnowled~e ot tFie HO~
heroln hidden in her ~ �ne
green sultcase. ~ m~ of kaowl� "
In her cautioned� ~'�'O� ~'0~~
statemen~ Hestrice had Earlfer. a wttnea~.
eald she had come to Asia Supt ot ~stoms Enclk
~ eight months pefor to hee ~o~~ Dhajude~ bit~
arrei~ 3he uid she aas g~a~ ~d hc
in Bsngkok whGre she 11 plastic packet~N
kept her suitcar.� in s ho- o~ ~js~?t browniih sub-~
~ tel before c~imfng to �p ~ - �f
Penang with r~nly a allnb! ~~ltcase ~ another'
~g , li ptaettc paclcets 'of the=
9he had said tiiat she ~e ~~Q on the'
boug~4 4~?e g~ea sultcaza ~ttom tayer of the suit-~
' trom a Chineaa maa 1~; case..
~ CSO: 5300/8325 '
4
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- PAKISTAN
BRIEFS
HASHISH SMUGGLING BID FOILID--New Delhi, April 16--A West German and a Swiss
national has been arrested here for attempting to smuggle 20 kilograms of
hashish worth eight million rupees (two million marks) to Europe earlier
- this ~eek, authorities disclosed Thursday. The two were detained at De1hi '
Airport following a tiT~-off after Customs authorities intercepted their bag-
gage as it was being l.oaded into tne plane. [Text] [Karachi DAWI~T ~n English
17 Apr 82 p 3]
CHARAS SEIZED--The Excise Police seized a car and recovered 107 k~.logram of
charas valued at Rs 48 lakhs in Karachi on Monday. On a tip that one Tahir ~
Ali was selling charas to n,~rcotic peddlars in city, the Excise police organ-
ised a raid when thc acc~~sed was going to sell narcotic on Tariq Road and
recovered charas from various hidden cavities of the car. The man escaped,
but the car was seized.--PPI [Text] [Karachi DAWN in English 21 Apr 82 p 8]
CHARAS SEIZID NEAR MULTAN--The Customs Intelligence has arreste.; here two
members of an alleged international smugglers gang�and seized ~rom them
charas worth about Rs. ten lakh. Truck driver Jan Mohammad and cleaner ,
Hidayatali Shah were taking the contraband from Bara (Tribal Area) to
Karachi (50) and were trapped on the way near Multan. Loca~. lawyer and~
social worker has been arrested here under.Martial Law Regulations for
allegedly spreading hartedo against the Government. Four persons, identi-
fied as Nazir, Khaleel, Murtaza and Sharif, have been arrested,here for
_ allegedly preparing packets of ~dulterated.red chillies~and dhania in the
factory. They allegedly used to mix a red coloured powder and ~urada in
there commodities. [as published] Eight lakh tons of wheat will be pro-
cured at all one hundred and six~y procurement centres in,all five dis-
tricts of Multan Division. Various committees have been set up by the
Food Department to check the working at these centres. [Text] [Karachi
DAWN in English 14 May 82 p llJ
CSO: 5300/5749
5 ~
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~ SINGAPORE
PACT WITH MALAYSIA ON CROSSBORDER PURSUIT
_ Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TL~SES in English 8 Apr 82 p 11
[TextJ
~INGAPORE, Wed. - Malaysia slnce the tormatioa o! the BDC~
~nd Singapore have aet.up a, co- ~ala sian and 3in a ore
3rdiaating body that will enable ~ P
drug eatorcement otficere fram ~a cs agenta had etained
:eithsr ~ide to operate acroas their four Hsalayaiana in Singapwre and
~ommon border, the Centra] ='ecm?ered Zb0 ammes oi heroin
~~Iarcotlca Bureau (CNB) said ta ~
Po ~ ~ Johore
- CNB Director Poh Geok Ek aaid � He aaid 8ingapore had deaied .
the formation oL the Border Drugs travel docu~rients to ita citizens
~ommittee (BnC) followed aerl- with a drug reoord aad hoped that
~ous concern in the,two countries other South�~t Asian countries
:over the poasible intlux oi drugs woutd dn the same to help prevent
atter a recent bumper opiima movement af drugs. ,
~arvest ia t~e ao-callgd "Golden 8ingapore have sent about
:Triangle," where Burms, Thai- 18~000 drug addicta for com-
3~aad aad Laoa meet~ - pulsory treatmeat aft rehabilita-
= Mr Poh said direct telephone tioa eeatres in the past flve years.
.linka had been eatablished be- About 000suspec ted drug tra!-
.#ween the CNB aud the Malaydan dckers a:!e now ia jail under laws
:
police in all State capitale oi Pe- that provi3e for inde8nite daten-
pinsular Malayaia in conjunction tion Wlthout trlal.
_~rith the aetting up of the commit- . ~ingapone'a drug laws alao pre-
tee. . acribe the death setttettce tor trai-
= Malaysi~ and Singapore have ~ ticking in over 16 grammes of
~een linked by~ a joint drug liaison beroin. ~ .
rammittee !or �he paat two yeara. Ten people, including a nuaiber
~ ~ut prior to the eatabliahment oi, o! Malaysians. have been :~anged
' ~he BDC, their otHcere were not tor dn~g otiencet since the Misuse
~llowe~ to cross the . border ln � oi Drugs Act csme into eKeet !n
~ursuit oi cirug trattickers. , . i~~. - R~euter.. ,
CSO:' 5300/8326
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THAILAND
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER DTSCUSSES ANTIDRUG DRTVE
BK170258 Bangkok NATION REVIEW in English 17 May 82 p 5
~"C:xcerpts" from interview with Deputy Prime Minister Prachuap Suntharangicun]
~lixcerpt] Question: How did the second offensive against the Shan rebels start?
Answer: Kliun Sa was still trying to make Thai territory his base for his logistical reason.
- lde found out that military-like barracks had been erected and decided to work out a plan
in the form of our own exercise to counter the move. In the future we will apply similar
~~ressure on all foreign armed elements ~n the border to prevent them from crossing the
I~order. AEter our last offensive in January, the rebels came back to build their strong-
liolds and we had to movein to destroy them.... When our aircraft flew over Baan Lao Lue
(cight kms northwest of Ben Hin Taek), we were fired on. We detected about 40 Khun Sa
men an~ began repelling them. We still did not find their presence in other parts of the
- b~rder. The rebels had no definite locations.
~ � ldc took aerial pictures of the border areas every month. That was why we immediately ~
a:potted the 100 houses erected. We will send in ground forces to confirm the type of
ciie houses which had the military appearance. We have to find out first whether they
cire just houses~or whether they are other structures. We will certainly stage air attacks
~is soon as we find out what they are.
c2uestion: Is the offensive part of the Thai-Burmese cooperation plan? ,
Answer: We have made four points of principle of cooperation (with Burma). One is that
we will consistently suppress the drug trafficking movements. Secondly, we will exchange
intelligence reports. Thirdly, we will have discussions over important matters and
lastSy, we will implement crop substitution programme.
our war with Khun Sa has not finished and we will continue our suppression until we could �
clrive Chem out of Thai territory. We zegularly inform the Burmese Government on what we
- ~lo and this is not a kind of request from Rangoon. But ~oint operations;~ith the Burmese
c;u�;crnment have not been planned. It depends on where the Khun Sa's army happens.to be.
- Lf it !.s found on the Thai side, we would take action and if it is on the Burmese side
- Lhc I3urmesc would do it.
~
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_ l;ut if the rebels happen to be jusC ori tlie border, a joint operation is then necessary.
liiit we will have to wait until that time comes. However, we will try to avoid it (joint
_ orerations) because it has to be a large-scale operation.
(~uestior~: Was the question of joint operation discussed during your last visit to Rangoon?
Answer: There is no problem even if it was not discussed. But the size of the Khun Sa's
_ ~ Army does not make it necessary for such joint operation. The rebels now number no more
L}ian 2,000. We captured some very young soldiers during our last operation.
cluestion: There has been concern that Khun Sa might have ~oined hands with the Communist
- I'arty ot Burma (CPB).
Answer: We are not yet certain about such possibility. Contacts between them might have
been established in the past. CPB might have s~ld opium to Khum Sa or Khun Sa himself
might have approached it for opium. But we can rule out the chance that they will unite
in a bid to liberate the country (Burma). I just simply can't imagine any activities of
Kl~un Sa that might resemble a war of liberation.
cluestion: Khun Sa was said to have more opium-growing areas inside Burma than inside Thailand.
Answer: Khun Sa and his men are not opium growers. He goes after others for opium. He
maintains agents inside village;� where opium is grown to purchase it. He might even dis-
- tribute opium seedlings too. Around 700 tons of opium is being grown in the Golden Triangle
- this year. Fifty tons of them are grawn in Thailand and Laos. Our country offers a much .
l~eeter communication systems and that is why the drug traffic has been hectic.
Qucstion: Is it true that CPB has begun refining heroin?
Answer: It is not only the Burmese Communists. Anyone can do it anywhere. There are
cliemists who can produce heroin withoct having to use much know-how. But the report that
CP13 has turned to opium trading is so distant and we are not in a position to comment on
that. But we have heard news that CP.B has resorted to opium trading because of reduction
in aid (Erom China). The same thing (cut in aid) is also happening to the Communist
P:irty of Thailand (CPT). They ~Chinese) now consider government-to-goverrunent relations
_ more important (than the party-t:~-party relations).
Question: What kind of development play [as published] is going on at Baan Hin Taek?
Answer: The Interior Ministry and the Supreme Command are doing the job. We are tryir.g to
~irge foreign countries to take part in the development projects there.
(2uestion: how valid is the report that Khun Sa tried to negotiate with Thai authorities
to return the body of Thaveep Kaentaptim, the news editor of MATUPHUM daily?
- AnsWer: iVo,,Khun Sa wrote me a letter several months ago but there was nothing new in its
_ contents. Khun Sa is in no position to make any negotiations. We would be mad if we
negoCiated with him. He claimed in the letter that he had done nothing wrong and was
willing to cooperate with us to crack d~an on opium trade.
tie also asked for the captured arms of the rebels to be returned saying he wanted it to
- liberate the country. I don't want to get involved in Burmese politics.
'L'lie Iiurmese Government appears appreciative of the present Thai policy because we keep
our words. The premier (Prem) said we would supress Khun Sa and we did it.
clucsCIon: W~~rc Lli~~ uLfrnsiv~~:s ag;.iiiisl Khun Sa liiikcd Lo v.i.siCS tu Burma by Thai senior
� authorities?
Answ~~r: No they had nothi~i~ to do with the visits at all. We have to keep on suppressing
the rebel.s before they can recruit new members. We will have constant surveillance and
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J~~:;troy all hcroin refinerics we come across. There arc now no more heroin refineries
inside Thai territory. But there are still some inside Burma.
Qiirstion: Has Burma ever told us it is facing problems, for example the problem with the
miiiority groups?
Answer: The Burmesc Covernment aas never asked for cooperati^:~ (to fight the minority
~;roups) from us. We only disc~~.ssed narcotics and that could be the first ster of our
future talks.
(2uestion: What has become of Lao Su, the heroln kingpin who escaped during detention?
- A~iswer: Lao Su is just ~ minor figure compared to Khun Sa. He is only a henchman for
Khu. Sa. The two may have had contacts.
(~u~~,tio;~: Idhat kind of cooperation in anti-narcotics work was discussed during your
vis:t to Singapore?
Answer: We talked about the so-called "preventive detention lac."~.1?ich enable authorities
to d.~tain drug suspects wittiout trial. There are about 3,500 people under detention
[herc and 450 of them arc drug traffickers. But we still cannot have this kind of law
}~~r~. Tlie law imposes a maxi:num priscn term of 10 years and a Cwo years of detention.
Aiiotlier topic c~f discussion was on chemicals used in refining heroin. We told Singapore
;iuthoritics wr, wan: to have information on the movement of Ltiese chemicals from Singapore
a~~d ~lalaysia into Thai land.
Questioti: Will the preventive detention law be adopted in Tha~land?
Answc:r: lJe are studying the matter. But we don't think parliament will accept it.
clu~stion: How good is our cooperation (in drug suppression) with Singapore and Malaysia?
Atiswer: Very good. iiut we have to go to Malaysia after the elections.
_ Qucstio~i: How would you de.scribe the government's performance in fighting against narcotics?
Answer: Speaking on behalf .of the government, I would say that we have made tremendous
actiicvements. During the Sanya government we caught Lo Hsing-han, the heroin overlord.
13ut the present government is taking action against Khun Sa and it is a very big task.
- lJe lost 17 lives in the fighting against Khun Sa in the first big offensive in February,
and it simply showed how much sacrifice we are making to fight against drugs.
IJ~ have no policy of making a false show out of the affair. We still don't understand
tlie motive of the people who lied to Khun Sa and urged him to return to the border.
ld~. are considering improving the communications in the areas to pave the way for
- development. If we develop the northern areas we will have the country's best tourisC
spot there.
Qu~~stion: How long did we know about the activities of Sihadet Chindawong (Thai vice
~.unsul in Chicago) before hc was arrested?
Answ~r: LJe had followed him for quite some time. In fact, we wanted a bigger fish but
- thc nc~as b~-gan to lcak, ~o wc decided to move and 'arrested him.
. CSO: 5300/2295
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BOLIVIA
�
- COCA FARMERS CLAIM GOVERNMENT AUTHORI~ED PLANTINGS
La Paz PRESENCIA in Spanish 4 May 82 p 4
[Text] Santa Cruz--3 May--The department of registry and control of coca
- production and marketing, subordinate to the narcotics bureau, has authorized
coca planting in the northern part of Santa Cruz, and the !governor's office
of Yapacani has levied a tax per arroba produced, accordint; to documents
given to this correspondent's office by the farmers.
When the latest raids were made by military truops in Ichilo Province as part
of a vast drug operationa assisted by the U.S. Narcotics Bureau, the rural
- producers who were seriously affected in their economy say that they do not
_ una.erstand the severity with which the military is aeting inasmuch as the
Ministry of Interior was aware of the plantings.
- The farmers showed authorizations of the second census of coca producers in
which parcel numbers and coca plot locations are consigned. This census was
- taken at the beginning of the year.
The National Directorate for the Co~itrol of Dangerous Substances was the
_ organization which authorized the plantings, requiring, according to the
- farmers, an annual sum of 2,000 pesos for a parcel of 20 by 100 meters (two
lots) .
The farmers say they are "disoriented and terribly affected inasmuch as coca
= was their principal source of income." They say that they�would have reduced
- the plantings substantially if they had known they were illegal; the fact
that they had official authorization, they say, gives them the right to ask
= the government and Narcotics Bureau, which directed the coca destruction
operations, for compensation for their losses and for an effective progra~m
to enable them to cuntinue to live fram agriculture.
Units of the seventh and eighth�army divisions, with bases in Cochabamba and
this district, mobilized approximately 1,000 troops to cover an area of 700
square kilometers between Puerto Grether 3nd Puerto Ramos in E1 Chapare up
to Villa Busch in Yapacani. According to the official report, ~ust during
the first week 140 factories of cncaine-base sulfate were destroyed, foreign
= and damestic money was confiscated and dozens of persons connected with coca
traffic and drug preparation wEre arrested.
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, Helicopters and navy launches were used for this operation. Althaugh it has
not been possible to obtain precise information about this operation, the U.S.
Embassy in La Paz has denied that its staff supervised the raids and
destruction of factories and c~ca plantatians.
The result of this project is the destruction of 180 hectares of coca
plantations through both manual means and the use of herbicides. A rapid
depopulation is taking place between the Ichilo River and Yapacani through
the massive exodus of the settlers whose only means of income was the leaves
of the coca plant.
- Although the National Antidrug Struggle Cammission has repeatedly said that
the coca plantations in Santa Cr~_:~ were illegal, this position is being
- ignored, since, accorc~~ng to the area's farmers, there are complete official
registries on coca producers and their contributions made "religiously to
narcotics agents, the governor's office in Yapacani and control posts."
The farmers have begun to show provis3.ona1 receipts, many typewrit~en but with
stamps from the National Directorate for the Control of Dangerous Substances,
the Narcotics Bureau and the Office af Coca Control in Santa Cruz.
8568 ,
CSO: 5300/2289
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- BOLIVIA
~ RESEARCH ENTI`TY STUDIES LEG*I, INDUSTRIALIZATION OF COCA
La Paz PRESENCIA in Spani~h 1 May 82 p 11
- [Text] The uae of the coca leaf for medicinal purpoases and its industrial-
- ization to obtain food con~~�;.rates were some of the conclusions reached from
a sociopsychiatric study on coca now being published by the Multidisciplinary
Society for Research in Native Medicine and Pharmacology [SMIMFA].
- That institution explained its findings on 27 Apri_1, and it was then planned
that government officials will arrange an audioviraual presentation on that
aspect of coca.
SMIMFA expressed its opposition to the use of Yaerbicides, of whatever type or
number, guaranteed or not by scientists, for the elimination of coca crops,
due to the inestimable ecological and genetic damage they cause, accordir.g to
that institution. In addition to their high cost--in the purchase price,
= reparations for the damage caused, in3ury to health and damage to the
environment--the country's economic situation, according to the instituti~n,
does not make it possible te incur those expenditures.
: It advises that herbicides use~ in Vietnan, even though guaranteed, caused
incalculable damage which can only be teznaed as monstrous, since they not
only affected the environment but also the people.
- The study now completed makes it possible to propose the legalization and
domesti.cation of the natural extract of the coca leaf as a psychotropic,
antidepressive medicine. It says that throughout the world there is massive
consumption of drugs for psychiatric purposes and that these drugs are trying
to imitate the antidepressive effects of coca. It adds that,~like every
synthetic product, the dr~cg csuses mental and physical damage known to health .
specinlists. The generic name of those drugs is amphetamines, and Bolivia
imports those products. ~
Among the contentions -~t makes is that the natural extract of coca, in
add�?tion to not being harmful, as shown by the fact that the Aymara race has _
been chewing the coca leaf fox centuries, contains vitamins, minerals and
nutritional elements.
_ ~
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L~ also proposes the industriali.zation of the coca leaf and the production of
food concentrates, since its nutritional properties, as shawn by a study made
by Harvard University, surpasses various South American cereal$, some SO
apecies, among which are pigweed, string beans, peanuts and others.
Bolivia, it concludes, is undergoing a serious crisis and, therefore, cannot
permit the destruction of that worthy material which, it says, should be
corisidered as one of Bolivia's strategic materials.
8568
- CSO: 5300/2289
_ ~
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. BOLIVIA
- CONCERII OVER USE OF TOXIC HERBICIDES NOTED
~ INC Institute's Warning
La Paz PRESENCIA in Spanish 28 Apr 82 p 9
[Text] The idational Settlement Institute [INC] has warned of the serious
danger involved in destroyin g coca plantings with toxic weedkillers, which
- can destroy the usability of the land for the cultivation of other farm pro-
ducts.
At a press conference, the executive director of the INC, accompanied by various
- technicians, announced the development of the programs being carried out in
various zones of the coimtry.
Speakin g of the situation created recently by the campaign to eliminate coca
plantings in the Chapare zone, he said that the use of toxic herbicides to
elim3nate the coca plants w ill destroy the land entirely and f or a number
of years, since the organic matter, the chemical nutrients asd microorganisms
which nitrogenize the earth will disappear, and the land co~~ld oiily be rehabil-
itated at the cost of vast investments. T~he use of toxic w�:edkillers will
convert the settlement zones into veritable wastelands. Thi~se zones formerly
suited to the cultivation of f oodstuffs could only be rehabi'_'t?.ted by the
- transfer of humus from other Lmaffected regions, which wo uld mean the loading
and transportation of millions of inetric tons of earth.
The INC technicians further revealed that even the pesticides used in farming
- have serious effects on the land, but their toxicit,y is not by any means as
great as that of the substances used to eradicate coca p lants.
Engineer Hernan Munoz Duran, director of the INC, said that the Chapare settlers
who were given land and established illegal coca plantin gs, and who are not
aware of the potential of the soil, have not been given technical aid for
the raising of other crops, nor have they been aided by oth~r bodies special-
izin g in this field. He said that the struggle for the production [sic] of
. coca does not call for the institute to penalize the settler-farmer. He said
~ that land is reclaimed only when the set:tler has not put the land to use.
Moreover, engineer Munoz Duran said that when toxic weedkillers are used,
it is the duty of the Boliv ian Institute of Farm Technology to investigate the
case and to deal with the possible diff iculties which may occur in Chapare,
both with regard to the settler-farmers and the peasants usin g land provided
by the agrarian reform and settlement programs.
13
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of earth to reestablish crop-growiiig areas necessary. In this connection,
iC is pertinent to make it clear that on the basis of tests carr~.ed out in
Peru in connection with the destruction of coca plantings, supported by the ~
= wri~ten report of U.S. scientist r,red H. Tschirley, 2-4-D is rapidly destroyed
= by the action of the microflrganisms in the soil, such that its residue remains
Eor only 4 to 8.weeks.
Consequently, ~the crops planted after that period of time on the land where
coca plantings were destroyed will be capable of normal development.
4. Also the fear that the use of 2-4-D would damage nearby crops, such as
plantain or cassava, has been expressed. This fear also is without justif ica-
- tion, because of the caref9111y studied and responsible method emp loyed, in-
- votv3rag direct application tmder low pressure to the basal portion of each
stem, as far as the corona of the root, which is located almost at ground
= 1eve1. Consequently, application has been done p lant by plant.
S. The fact that 2-4-D has been~widely known and used in the department of
Santa Cruz for years prec isely as a weedkiller for crops, includin g sugarcane,
among ott?ers; both by agroindustrial enterprises in the zone and by small
farmers, is ignored. Also, other similar weedkillers would be used. As use
has been made of this product year after year without detection of any harm
done either to crop ~ or to individuals, there is no logical reason to suppose
that there will be any different results for the crops adjacent to the coca
_ pZantings destroyed.
6. Only limited use has been made of 2-4-D in destroying a part of the illegal
coca plantings in Yapacani, and this has been virtually completed. The purpose
of its use was to evaluate the efficiency and cost of using one method or
another, manual or chemical, for de~troying illegal coca plantings. p
7. Both for the reasons mentioned, and the fact that the limited goal has ~
already been achieved, and due to a desire to offer the public and private
bodies which have made known their adverse criCicisms of the use of weedkillers
- in the destruction of coca plantings an opportun ity to confirm or revise their
views in more objective circumstances, it is now being made known that there
is no further project for the use by the council of 2-4-D or of any other
herbic ide
Political Leader Issues Protest
- La Paz EL DIARIO in Spanish 30 Apr 82 p 5
[Text] Politician Enrique Acha Alvarez has expressed his disapproval of the
use of herbicides to destroy coca plantings in an open letter addressed to
- the president of thP republic, stating that in this way, "the criticism of
the conduct of the National Council to Eliminate Drug Trafficking is endorsed."
He said that "meekness and need must not be allowed to reduce us to this ex-
- treme. Even in the eras when mankind was subjected to the greatest slavery,
the masters at least provided a morsel of bread and a little water. Never
has it been the case as it is now jn Bolivia that the slave must 3nvest his
strength and equipment in a blind obedience which humiliates and degrades
the nation."
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In conclusion, he said that no soil studies have been carried out in the Chapare
zone so that the peasants could diversify farm production to replace the coca
crops. He stressed that the INC is ready to cooperate with the bodies invoZved
in making an economic-agricultural projection for Chapare, but that it has
neither the economic resources nor the other facilities needed to carry out
a task which has currently become urgent, in view of the fact that ecological
problems pertaining to the land have developed on a worldwide scale, and there
are few programs designed to deal with this situation.
Economic Project
= Speaking of the so-called "Chimore" program the INC is carrying out in the
Chapare zone, he said that.the establishment phase has been completed. He
noted that the INC plans to embark during this fiscal year on the economic-
agricultural consolidation program, with financing from international bodies
and the government bodies for support of such programs. He said that in the
first phase, the INC established the basic infrastructure in Chapare, beginning
with the building of schools, health stations, secondary roads, etc. He added
- that the IDB financed the first phase with a total credit allocation of $6.5
million. The program began in 1965, and at pres~nt 2,500 settlers have been
sent to Chapare and 5,000 have settled there ~pontaneously.
Narcotics Council Informs Public
La Paz EL DIARIO in Spanish 30 Apr 82 p 3
[Text] In response to reports carried in the press as well as statements
- issued by state and private bodies about the real scope of the use of weed-
killers to destroy coca plants in the Yapacani region, the National Council
- to Eliminate Drug Trafficking has released a comm~nique with the following text:
"l. Indiscriminate mention has been made of Agent Orange, Paraquat and 2-4-D
' as the weedkiller used to destroy clandestine coca plantings. This conf usion
reveals an obvious lack of information, since the first mentioned is a de-
foliant, and its broad use in Vietnam earned it generalized criticism on the
- international level, while the second substance is a weedkiller spec ifically
- applied by aerial spraying in Mexico in order to destroy marijuana planting.
Furthermore, it should be stressed that the council has never used nor will
i t use e ither Agent Orange or Paraquat .
2. The above conf usion seems to have serious emotional impact insofar as
' the effects of any weedkiller are iden~ified with the lethal and destr uctive
- results on all types of vegetation caused by the defoliant Agent Orange. A1-
though legitimate, the concern expressed has no objective foundation in this
connection, since 2-4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is different in chemical
. composition, a fact which can:be established by any public or private body
' interested in doing so. To this end, on written request, we will make available
a suitable quantity of this herbicide for the necessary analysis. .
3. It has been said that 2-4-D could produce the virtual destruction of the
soil since it would not dissolve in water and would cause the organic matter
to disappear, making vast investments and the movement of millions of tons
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Speaking of the processes being pursued to combat drug traffic, Acha said
that "th~ news reports tell us that our compatriots have paid the price of
- their ~,~ery lives. Tasks and conditions have been ixnposed behind the backs
~ ot such a generous people as the American p~ople; who must be ignorant that
we are being harassed and humiliated in this way. Nor is it dignif ied for
_ the Bolivian military to persec ute men who o ut of hunger and need engage in
the transportation of coca leaves."
_ He states emphatically that the most serious thing is that we are being used
as guinea p igs to ~emonstrate that the herbicides used in Vietnam have been
- perfected.
Enrique Acha also criticized the economic measures promulgated by the govern-
ment harshly. In this connection he said that "no one can be Lmaware that
an economic passage has been under study for 8 months, only to change it after
30 days and then to annouce that yet aaother amendment is being contemplated,
due to the inability to f loat the loan. It would seem that our lack of an
- ocean has a negative effect even on achievin g proper dollar f lotation, and
we are being dumped into an empty swimming pool for the second consecutive
time."
On the other hand, he also said that immorality has won general acceptance.
- It is not found only in the most important off ices nor is it a matter of partners
only. "Even cousin is set against cousin, and parents and children have even
developed enmity due to mutval accusations."
Finally, this open letter to President Torrelio said that "if you go ahead
with the plan to allow the high military command to order changes in the assign-
_ ments of the present components of the regime you head, the national conscience,
that of your comrades and that of the generations to come will be obliged
- to offer you their gratitude. If on the other hand egotistn guides your actions
in this cruc ial hour, they will hold you responsible for what you did and
f.ailed to do
- 5157
CSO: 5300/2288 .
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BOLIVIA
RETIRED ARMY OFFICER ARRESTED TRANSPORTING COCA CARGO
Santa Cruz EL MUNDO in Spanish 18 Mar 82 p 1 ~
[Text] La Paz--17 Mar--A retired Bolivian army colonel was arrested in .
Caranavi, 180 1~ no~theast of this capital; he was leading a convoy of trucks
loaded with coca leaves and chemical elements for the manufacture of cocaine~
and pretending to be a shipment of materiel for a civiiian action project of .
the armed forces.
The local evening paper, JORNADA, stated in today's edition that Col Angel
Garcia Ricaldi was arrested at a military post after the guard suspected that
the alleged shipment of construction materiel, declared by the convoy's
leader, was concealing "sam~ething etrange," as seen in the "nervousness of
the drivers of the five trucks."
= Col Garcia Ricaldi, wearing a military uniform and "armed with the necessary
documents," was accompanying the convoy in a 3eep and, in view of his rank,
- had received preferential treatment at the control station, whose commander,
- an unidentified army captain, had even invited the colonel to lunch.
~Once the convoy's true shipment was discovered, Col Garcia Ricaldi, according
to the newspaper report, offered his captors a bribe, consisting of two of
the f ive trucks.
According tn JORNADA's informant, Garcia Ricaldi is be~.ng held by the military
police and will be given a dishonorable discharge "to set an example."
According to military regulations, an officer may take voluntary retirement
but continues to belong to the military registrq and may,~at any time, request
reinstatement in active service. Garcia Ricaldi is now in that situation as
- a colonel retired from active service.
8568
' CSO: 5300/2289
-
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~ soLZVr~,
CHARGES OF ARMED RAIDS AGAINST COCA FARMLRS DENIED
La Paz PRESENCIA in Spanish 29 Apr 82 p 4
. [Text] Santa Cruz--28 Apr--Col Raul Gonzales, national director of the
Antidrug Struggle Council [CLN], gave his assurance that no armed confrontations
- have been reported in this city and that no ,casualties have resulted from the
operations the army has been carrying on s{~ :e last Tht*.rsday in northern
Santa Cruz.
After returning from anothex expedit~.on into Ichilo Province, Gonzales reported
- that operations are continuing and denied reports by the local press that
almost 50 deaths had occurred among thEbfarmers.
Accorsling to other reports put out by the army, the armed forces suffered
three deaths in this operation due to aa accident on the Ichilo River when
a launch capsized, piloted by Lt Genara Patton Arancibia and containing one
NCO and one enlisted man.
With regard to excesses committed against settlers in the Yapacani and Ichilo
~ area, Gonzales said he is inviting church representatives, especially San
Carlos priests, to participate in the operations to receive proof that reports
given by farmers and settlers in this respect "are somewhat exaggerated."
~ver since steps were taken to dismantle factories in E1 Chapare and Ichilo,
the area of influence of Puerto Grether, numerous reports have been made about
outrages, excesses of authority, illegal arrests and other abuses.
Based on a report by the Special Federation of Farmers of the North, the local
press says that 50 farmers allegedly died in raids a$ainst drug traffickers,
- that helicopters are being used to bomb certain centers and highly toxic
herbicides are being uaed to destroy coca plantations.
Arrests
There is no precise figure on the number of arrests made up to now either in
E1 Chapare or in the Yapacani area where troops of the seventh and eighth
army divisions, belonging to Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, are advancing and
" ~ continuing ta destroy plantations and sulfate factories, sulfate being used as
a base for cocaine.
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CLN offiEials say that this is the largest operation undertaken in the country
up ta now and that the search will continue in the hope that more persons
- connected with the illicit activity will be arrested.
According to military sources, the drug tnaffickers in qu~stion have offered no
resistance up to now and have given up immediately up~n being overtaken. Some
have escaped to the woods, "but it will be only a few days until their food
runs out." ~
On a number of occasions the farmers of this area have expressed concern over
the results of this search. Many settlers, whose coca plants are being
destroyed, are leaving the area~.
'Sepes` Released
Colonel Gonzales admitted that it is a real~problem to maintain those arrested,
since just to feed them means taking provisions away from the troops. The CLN
- has decided to release those who, attracted by the pay, arri~red in E1 Chapare
to work as "sepes."
These individuals (the "sepes"--a kind of ant) were assigned to carry bundles
~of coca frotn E1 Chapare to Yapacani via paths in the woods. The trip took
several days and was extremely dangerous due to gangs of "acrobats" who,
posing as narcotics agents, took possession of the coca and money and even
killed those who protested.
It was announced that, once they have made their first statements, the "sepes"
will be taken under guard to their place of origin and released with the
stipulation that they report to the police every few days as a means of
control.
With Regard to Herbicides .
Those in charge of this military action have stressed that bombs from
_ helicopters are not being used to destroy coca plantations and factories.
Moreaver, Gonzales said that the council has given its assurance that the land
where herbicides are being used to destroy coca plants will undergo no change
whatever, since the product, 2-4D, has been tested scientifically. The U.S.
: Embassy guarantees that there is no danger if it is used according to the
_ advice given by scientist Fred fl. Tschrley, who came to Bolivia precisely to
give. information on the use of herbicides. �
8568
CSO: 5300/2289
\
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~ BOLIVIA ~
- BRIEFS
TORRELIO LAUDS CANIPAIGN--President Celso Torrelio said yesterday that he has
received in Cochabamba information about the "~oint operation" being carried
out by the army, air force and Bolivian navy to eradicate the drug traffic
"which has caused so much damage to the country's image." "I had pledged to
cleanse the image of the institution (the armed forces) and the Bolivian
people, and that is what I am doing through these operations which are being
carried out successfully," Torrelio said yesterday shortly after his return
- fram Cochabamba. According to the information given to him by tnn_ military
and civilian leaders assigned that task, "to date we have destrc~yed a great
many clandestine cocaine factories. The battle we are waging against drug
- trafficking, which has done the country so much damage, is underway and will
_ continue witi~ great energy," he said. "This sore, which has do.ne so much
damage to all Bolivian people, must end," he stressed. According to
information from the National Directorate for the Control of Dangerous
Substances, the operations in Cochabamba and Santa Cruz are, in fact, being
carried out by groups of the tl~ree branches of the armed services. The
activity will conclude with "strict control of the plantations" on which
certain experiments are being conducted to eradicate them. In some cases
_ herbicides are being used; in others, manual systems are being employed.
[Text] [La Paz PRESENCIA in Spanish 28 Apr 82 p 9] 8568
LARGE-SCALE CRACKDOWN--La Paz, 25 Apr (~,FP)--Carlos Soliz, a former mayor of
the city of Montero--Santa Cruz Department--1,OO~J lcm east o~ here, is one of
the leading members of the international drug traffic ring and the owner of
three cocaine factories, it was disclosed here today. The disclosure was made
by a cocaine courier captured by the armed forces during a large scale opera-
tion launched in EZ Chapare (at the center of the country) and in Santa Cruz.
- It was learned that the operation is being carxied out under the guidance of
U.S. experts and with the participation of the Ustarez Regiment, the Special
Operations Center (paratroopers), the naval force and experts in narcotics.
_ Peasants of the areas in which the military dragnet operation is taking place
have charged that uniformed personnel had raped two girls in Cochabamba and
had taken their money. Therefore, they have filed the appropri.ate charges '
before the courts. [Text] jPY040956 Paris A~'P in Spanish 1452 GMT 25 Apr 82]
- CSO: 5300/2295
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COLOMbIA
LIFE IN COCA-DOMINATED PUERTO LEGUIZAMO ECONOMY
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 12 Apr 82 pp 1-A, 3-A .
; [Article by Marbel Sandovalo; EL TIMEPO special envoy] y
[Text] Puerto Leguizamo, Putumayo--In Leguizamo, the cocaine business is an
honorable profession, although almost everyone denies that he openly engages in
it. They say, "I do not have any but I know who can sell you 2 kilos of good
quality." ~
Three or 4 years ago the Huitotos, Inganos, Uinanes and Boras Indians raised the
small shrubs on their parcels of land for their.own personal use. Now they are
wage earners in the coca business.
So are most of the settlers who live along. the banks of the Putumayo, Caucaya �
and Caqueta Rivers. They no longer plant yucca, corn or pineapples. They buy .
these products from the settlers on the opposite side of the river, from the
- Peruvian.s, or the Ecuadoreans.
The raising aad processing of the "paste" requires personnel so people have
- come from other places: Bogota, Tolima, Antioquia, Caldas. They are seen only
on Saturdays when they come down to town to drink until Sunday night when they
stagger drunkenly to their 40~or 60 HP canoes, to get back to work.
Juan Correa is 84 years old and lives in Puerto Alegre, a half-hour from Leguiz-
- amo. More than 50 years ago he stopped working for Casa Arana and made a home
- in these lands. He cleared away a piece of the jungle where he planted corn,
bananas and pasture.
A long time ago he heard talk of the financial advantages of planting coca but
he decided to do so only 3 months ago when an emissary of one of the largest
cocaine traffickers of the region came to his farm to ask if he had seedlings
- for sale. He had with him 200,000 pesos to buy seedlings.
Correa decided that he had to obtain the seedlings. So much money had never
before been offered to him. He spoke to an Indian in the area and ordered sev-~
eral small plants from him. The Huitoto Indian asked 25,000 pesos for them so
Correa sold a young bull to obtain the money but the Inidan did not sell him
the plants.
21
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, Like Correa, many settlers attempt to get into the business. However, he says
- that it is not profitable to process the coca. "A poor man can only make money
by raising and selling it."
Correa's 18-year old grandson said to him, "Grandfather, I'm going away to learn
- to ~~rocess coca." The boy worked for a year on coca farms and when he returned~
the old man, with his Indian craftiness, said to him, "I'm going to buy you 2
arrobas of coca to see what you can make from it," and did so.
In Putumayo an arroba of coca costs between 300 and 400 pesos. In addition, 7
gallons of gasoline, 3 kilos of sulfuric salt and 2 tablespoonfuls of ammonia
are needed for each arroba.
In Leguizam~, a gallon of gasoline costs between 100 and 150 pesos, depending on
- its availability. In Puerto Ospina or in La Chorrera it costs up to 500 pesos
a gallon. The sulfuric salt costs 500 pesos per kilo and, according to Correa,
- , they may charge up to 300 pesos for a tablespoonful of ammonia. However, lemon
_ ;juice can be used ~s a substitute for the ammonia.
rirst the coca leaves are spread out on a piece of plastic in the shade and cov-
ered with sulfuric salt; then they must be "turned over and over and over until
they are cooked." When the salt has burned the coca leaves they become black.
They they should be left for 24 hours in gasoline. Several coca men who were
consulted said, "Even petroleum can be used."
The mixture should then be washed with water. According to them, after the
leaves are washed two or three times, they are wrung out in a cloth and the
- paste or urrefined cocaine remains in the cloth. This is the basic material
purchased by the large scale traffickers who continue processing it until they
_ obtain pure powder.
The "salesmen" carry samples of 40 or 50 grams in sma11 bags in which, to out-
ward appearances, only a sort of thick, slightly dark sugar can be seen.
But Correa s~ems to be right. The only thing that is profitable for the ~oor
farmer is to grow it; processing it is too expensive. The 2 arrobas of coca
- cost Correa 800 pesos. He also had to pay 1,400 pesos for 14 gallons of gaso-
line, 3,000 pesos for sulfuric salt and 1,200 pesos for the ammonia. His total
- investment was 8,600 pesos.
= On this occasion, he said, he obtained 25 grams which, sold at 500 pesos per
_ gram, amounted to 12,500 pesos. The profit was 3,900 pesos.
Perhaps this is why they prefer to just raise it. A worker earns 600 pesos a
day and has Saturdays and Sundays off. Half the day is spent in the planting
and half in harvesting the leaves.
At first, the work is hard. They must begin by clearing off the jungle--10, 12,
� 15 hectares of trees must be cut down. Then the entire area must be burned to
clear away the underbush. In the jungle solid ground is 40 or 50 centimeters
~ down, the rest is rotting organic material. ~
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Once the burning has been completed, the little bushes, 20 or 25 centimEaters
high, are planted in the ashes.
"After 6 months the first harvest is very small; that of the 15th month is larg-
er. If the first harvest produced half a pound of paste per hectare, the larger
harvest may produce 2 to 2 and a half kilos of paste per hectare," says one of
the planters.
A Town With a High Cost of Living
In the municipality of Leguizamo, a farmer can no longer find workers. Nor can
, one find bananas, yucca, pineapples, oranges or any of the other foods which
werp in abundant supply in the past.
_ With wages at 600 pesos a day, nobody wants t~ work for 200 pesos which is the
_ most that a person who is not engaged in raising coca can earn.
The men go down to the town with their pockets full of bills but there is noth-
ing they can buy. The women who live in Leguizamo must get to the markets be-
Eore 0600 hours if they are to find food for the day. They cannot ask the price
of an item but must take it at once."
A bunch of bananas costs 500 pesos, a chicken costs 800, a brown sugar loaf 30.
A package of Pielroja cigarettes costs 50, a package o~ filter cigarettes 100
_ pesos, a soft drink 25, a gallon of gasoline 100 pesos (most people cook with
gasoline), a package of crackers 90 and a sack of potatoes 1,300 pesos.
That is because on the banks of the Putumayo River the raising of foodstuffs
has been abandoned. The few farmers who insist on raising foodstuffs manage to
harvest just enough for their own needs. For this reason, when large canoes
come from Puerto Asis loaded with foodstuffs, they are boarded quickly and many
ask, "What do you want for your entire cargo?" and without any more ado the
cargo belongs to the inquirer, b~cause he can most certainly pay with cocaine
or currency.
Tired of 'cl'~e jungle by noon on Saturday, the men begin arriving to take over
the town fc~r more than 24 hours. Then the peaceful houses, where every after-
noon the old men sit to cool off and wait for nightfall, become bars.
A record player or even a victrola appears out of some corner playing Mexican
songs, boleros sung as duets by distorted voices. The men sit around the tables
and begin a memorable night of drinking liquor.
The singing and shouting of the drunkards are to be heard until Sunday morning.
At noon or at nightfall they begin to go back for another week of work. .
The coca people here do not want currency for many things. All want large rec-
ord players, money for batteries and many cassettes. They also want a large
canoe with a 25, 40 or larger HP motor.
On Saturday evenings the town girls dress up and stand at the doors of the
town's two discotheques with "black lights." The youths who want a girlfri.end
come to them.
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Un week days there is nothing to do in Leguizamo. At 2000 hours half the popu-
lation goes to the theater at the base. They remain there until 2230 hours and
tliey barely reach home before the electric lights are shut off.
These people hace difficulty finding a mate. "She already has a man and he is
good looking," an Indian woman exclaims proudly, pointing at her daughter who
is pregnant.
The Indian prostitutes who work in the redlight district demand that the men
pay only with 200 peso bills. They call the men "coffee pickers" perhaps be-
_ cause they think that the coffee farmer who comes there brings good luck and
money just as the coca picker does.
These men are the wage earners of the coca business. They are the ones who
raise it and see some of the money but perhaps do not know about the big busi-
ness in i~ which exists outside.
However, its use is beginning to increase among the people of Leguizamo and vi-
- cinity. More and more frequently they acquire 1 or 2 grams of "paste" to mix
with cigarettes. The Indians alsa continue to chew it."
Cocaine for chewing is prepared differently. The dry leaves are mixed with
ashes from Yarumo palms. "Otherwise it burns the mouth." This mixture is plac-
ed between the molars so as to consume it little by little throughout tine day.
"One does not feel anything. One does not feel thirst, hunger, nor does one
get tired. Just joy!" said a toothless ald man with a tired voic~ Wh~ repeated,
"One does not feel sorrow, nor poverty, nor anything."
Thus lives the wage earner of the cocaine business, sometimes using it, some-
times only processing it. These men and the women, when the fleeting bonanza
is over, will live with the memory of the days when they had a lot of money in
their pockets, a motor, a c~anoe and the wish that conditions would always be
- the same.
- 9204
CSO: 5300/2278
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� MEXICO
FEDERAL OFFICIAL CLAIMS 90 PERCENT CUT IN DRUG PRODUCTION, SMUGGLING
Hermosillo EL IMPARCIAL in Spanish 4 May 82 Sec A p 5
[Text] The assistant general prosecutor of ~ustice, Samuel Alba ?�e,*a, who is
also the national coordinator of the campaign against drugs, stated ~here that
the production and smuggling of drugs in the Mexican Republic have c~eclined
90 percent between 1976 and the ~resent, as a result of the measuyes adopted
by the Federal Government to combat the sale and consumption of drugs in our
- country.
The h:Cgh-ranking official visited San Luis-Rio Colorado as part of a working
= trip that he has been making on a national scale, in order to make an evalua-
_ tion of the efforts and the way in which the Federal Public Ministry agencies
_ are operating.
_ Upon being interviewed by EL IMPARCIAL, Alba Leyva said that there is under way
- a plan to concentrate several air units belonging to the Office of the Attorney
General of the Republic in a single region or zone of the country, in order to
make intensive flights to detect drug plantations.
He added that the northwestern section, which includes the states of Baja
California Norte and Sur, and Sonora, has always had problems with drug produc-
tion and marketing; however, the Attorney General's Office is covering this .
vast region, and has allocated a fleet of 12 helicopters and'six airplanes to
engage in air reconnaissance of the territorial area.
The Office of the Attorney General of the Republic has 80 aircraft to en~age
in the detection of drug plantations, and the measures that have been instituted
by the Federal Government to combat this illegal act3.vity have brought positive
- results. In this respect, a deciding factor has been the bilateral agreement
on information concluded between Mexico and the United States, since large
seizures have been made, and individuals have been arrested.
In commenting on the foregoing, the federal official cited as an example the 30
hectares planted with poppies in Sahuaripa, noting that the villages had been
fumigated on time because, fortunately, the plants were in flower and did not
have any fruit. He also mentioned the case of Mexicali, Ba~a California, where
1.5 kilograms of heroin and another kilogram of cocaine were seized.
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- Alba Leyva remarked that the exchange of information with the United States has
~ enabled them to obtain quick and accurate data on drug traffickers or on the
'ground and air units used to ship drugs. He said: "We exchange that informa-
tion within a maximum interval of 10 minutes."
He added: "The agreement on exchanges of information has been cited as an exam-
. ple to be imitaCed b~ other countries, in the antidrug agency of the United
Nations Organization, owing pracisely to the good results that we have achieved."
The official was escorted here by the Federal Public Ministry agent, Fernando
G. Med~na Castro, who explained the status of the o~fice to him, explaining
that the latter has operated normally, and that the Attorney General's Office's
proposals regarding the pro~essional training of agents have~been reflected
positively when iL was time for, them to do their duty.
2909
CSO: 5330/82
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. ' MEXICO
MARIHUANA SHIPMENT SEIZED, TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED
Piedr~s Negras EL DIARIO DE PIED1tAS NEGRAS in Spanish 13 Apr 82 Sec A p 2
[Text] The commander of the Federal Judicial Police in the northern zone, Ma.rio
Espinoza, succeeded in capturing two individuals involved in marihuana trafficking
and in seizing a shipment of this grass which was intended for "retail" distribu-
tion among the addicts working at the Rio Escondido thermoelectr~c plant.
The capture was due to the ~orceful vigilance and the campaign that is being
carried out in the entire northern region, with surveillance and investigation
- of various activities at different strategic points in the district.
One of those arrested answers to the name of.Jose Vicente Ricardo Neavez Portillo,
who is widely known in this port. He was arrested with a large box~in his possess-
' ion containing uiarihuana which was being carried from Torreon, Coahuila. In his �
_ statements, he claimed to be working as a timekeeper at the Rio ~scondido thermo-
electric plant. He said that he sold this marihuana in the form of ~oints to the
~ addicts who amoke the drug on that location.
- An investigation is also being m~de of Carlos Lara Ontiveros, because he was
caught on the Anahuac bus coming from Torreon, Coahuila, with a suitcase filled
with marihuana on his seat. He was suspected and questioned, but the confidential-
ity of the case is being mai.ntained, because there is a possibility that the
suitcase was not his property. Hence, this.individual was arrested only for
questioning, and he may go free this very week.
27
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y
l~ { X
~f'. F~~ ~~JD s S'~~;..:
C
a
{ .~.'~M~ 4~`'.!r~ �
t ~S
.s� ~'-V~:.:.,
r: : .
.;Yi .r.~"` .!':J~
;
`Ar . W^L~~. k .
gj' ' ' ,3.
p
~ ~ t;,~
yj~~ I~:~ Y!,' '~i
) I I ~ n
' :4;~,
~d ~ 1 i ~ .
a, ~ ~
3~ '4
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- � ~ pl ~B il ~~)1
y ~
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y 5 t~
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_ _ s .
Jose Vicente Ricardo Neavez Portillo was arrested by the Federal Judicial Police
when he was caught with a shipment of marihuana in his possession intended for
distribution among addicts at the thermoelectric plant.
~ 2909
CSO: 5330/79
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~ M~XICO
_ BRIEFS
- MARIHUANA SUPPLY FOUND--Mexico City, 17 Apr~l (INFORMEX)--After an exhaustive
investigation, the Federal Judicial Police succeeded in confiscating nearly 3
tons of marihuana in this city and over 3 in the state of Veracruz. The official
report on the cooperation associatecl wit~ the Office of the Attorney General of
the Republic stated that, at a school~of advanced studies Jose Manuel Mon~arrez
Roman~was arrested with a h~{p~^aae containing 360 "grass" cigarettes, weighing
approximately 360 grams.. The sub~ect under arrest supplied sufficient informa-
tion to enable the Federal Judicial forces to go to the town of San Gaspar, in
the state of Mextco, and discover a~.5 ton shipment of packed marihuana. They
also found a 22 caliber machine gun, a 16 caliber rifle and a 16 caliber shotgun;
but, unfortunately, the drug traffickers who owned the shipment managed to flee
and have not been apprehended to date. Moreover, the Judicial Police assigned
to the base in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, discovered Ruben Garcf.a, Rosa Alicia
Moreles and Micaela A. Gonzalez, at the Cana Verde farm, as they were loading
a 1978 pickup truck with license plates YN-5098, with uiarihuana. [Text] [Nuevo
Laredo EL DIARIO DE NI3~V0 LAREDO ia Spanish 18 Apr 82 Sec A p 3] 2909 '
'E~ALUATION PLAN' RESULTS--Hector Aviles Castillo, coordinator for Zone 06 of
_ the permanent campaign against drug t~afficking, described the "Evaluation Plan"
carried out from 16 March to 13 April as exc~llent because, in addi~ion to
affording exact information on the location of poppy and marihuana plantations,
. it served to have them destroyed at the proper time and prevented their products
from being harvested. He nated that the 800 hours of flight made.by five 212
helicopters to reconnoiter the 111,338 aquare kilometers comprising the zone,
enabled the 11 206 aircraft to fumi:gate 700 poppy p'lantations and about 50 of
marihuana. He stated that the outlay made for the aforementioned aircraft,
- as well as for the t~o Cessna planes which were also active during tYee period
in question, amounted to over a million pesos; and Aviles Castillo considered
that amount small when the auccess attained is taken into account. The Zone 06
coordinator explatned that it is extremely important to attack the problem
- during the early montha of the year, because weather conditions are favorable
for the development of the plants, and that this had been the intention before
carrying out the Evaluation Plan. [Text] [Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish
� 23 Apr 82 pp 1, 3] 2909
ARREST FOR HEROIN POSSESSION--Leonel Cisneros, aged 29, was sent to the county
~ail after being arrested by police on charges of heroin possession. According
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to the report, Cisneros ~,tas in McDonald's restuarant when he was captured by
- the police, who had a warrant for his arrest. The order, which had been issued
_ by the No 49 district court, was carried out without any resistance on the part
of the accused. Bail was set at $:t0,000 for the release of Leonel Cisneros.
[Text] [Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEDO LAREDO in Spanish 21 Apr 82 Sec B p 8]
2909
SONORA ANTIDRUG CAMPAIGN--The agent of the Federal Public Ministry, Pabio Ernes-
to Avila Triana, announced that during the past few daqs the permanent campaign
against drug traf�icktng run by the Of~ice of the Attorney General of the Repub-
lic detected and eradicated 150 drug plantations in the Sonora mountains. He
said that, every day, seven heli~opters, five small airplanes and several tank
trucks tour the state's mountains, carrying out reconnaissance on the terrain,
and detecting and exadicating the plantationa of drugs of any type. He went on
to say that this action is bein~.execured under orders from the regional coor-
dinator of thta cawpaign, Aaron Juarez Jimenez. He added that, at first, it
had been thought that Sonora was merely a state used for "passag~" to the United
States, a factor which~the organized underworld used to advantage, covering the
mountains in the state with drug plantations, which will be exterminated by ~
_ fumigation.. He s.tressed that these chemical compounds do not contaminate or ~
upset the compo~ents of the soil in farm land at all. Avila Triana stated that,
although this. t~rpe o~ ac;tion ia carried out pear after year, th3s is the first
time that the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic has decided to
send reconnaissance aircraft and ~umigation helicopters ~hich come from various
states, such as Chihua~ua and Durango. [Text] [Hermosillo EL II~ARCIAL in
_ Spanish 24 Apr 82 Sec A p 5] 2909
CSO: 5330/81-82
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EGY�T
SECURI~'Y FORCES FOIL SEVERAL DRUG-SMUGGLING OPERATIONS .
Cairo AI~iIR SA'AH in Arabic No 2475, 31 Mar 82 pp 16~17
[Article by Munir al-Musayri: "Failure of Most Dangerous Saauggling Attempts; ,
How Smugglers Tried To Infiltrate Northern Coast and How Chase Took Place"]
~
[Text] ~~ith the start of the smuggling season, smugglers have renewed their
desperate attempts to penetrate the strong blockade imposed by the border
guard all along the northern coast. Over the past 15 days, there were four
consecutive atteznpts to smuggle hashish and crude opium valued at 21 million
- pounds.
= An interesting week-long chase then began._between the s~arugglers and the border
guard vehicles all over the desert paths and in bedouin camps. The chase
then extended to Alexandria, until all of the smugglers, including 'Awad Abu
Dubun, the bigges~ smuggler.in the western desert, were apprehended.
AKFiIR SA'AH~publi~hes here exclusively the full details of this exciting chase
and of the attempts to which the smugglers xnsorted in the past 2 weeks after
changing their smuggling methods.
With the start of the smuggling.season, beginning at the outset of the current
month of March, the information accumulati.ng befoxe Br3g Gen Wahbi Habib, the
border guards intelligence chief, indicated that despite the successive fail-
ures they had encountered thronghout the past season, smugglers were preparing
to smuggle new shipments of drugs, that they changed the methods that they had
followed in the past and that their new method relied on quick operations
carried out at unexpected times.
Staff Ma3 Gen Faruq al-Sahn, the border guards commander, immediately instrucmd
Ma3 Gen Samih al-Tuhami, the chief of staff, to intensify the border watch, to
besiege smugglers all along the northern coast and to strike all of their
attempts.
- Information was accumulating rapidly on four planned smuggling attempts in a
single month and in various and widely-spacc!d spots, beginning with al-Tarh
beach near Rashid and ending in al-Sallum.
- While the coast guard was making its preparations, the smugglers were able to
penetrate the blockade in a lightning quick operation near the town of Marsa
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1�tatruh, close to Sidi al-Barrani beach. But the atteinpt was quickly discovered.
- By the time the coast guard trackers found al-~arrah, namely the tracks left on
the coast by the drug-laden rubber tires dragged on the coast after being taken
out of the water, the information acquired by Col 'Abd al-Hamid San3ar, the
Alexandria intelligence director, confirmed that `Awad Abu Dubun, the biggest
- drug smuggler in the western dese.rt, was behind this shipment. The smuggled
drugs totaled 2 tons valued at 10 million pounds. Brigadier General Wahbi in-
structed that a plan be drawn up to chase the smugglers, along with their ship-
ment, in the desert. ~
The bottleneck area, an area covering 70 kilometers between the coast and
al-Qattarah depression--this is the narrowest corridor in the desert which then
broadens and makes it almost impossible to engage in chase operations--was
sealed off. This 3s the method Montgamery followed when he sealed the area off
in the face of Roamnel's forces.
Intensive patrols then began to roam tY~e corridor to se3ze the smugglers and
the drugs.
At the same time, other patxols proceeded to look for the~. At the outset,
the tracks left behind on the sands by the smugglers and read by the trackers
indicated that the drugs had been transported by a Daihatsu car, accompanied
by a private car for guard purposes. The pursuit and chase of the smugglers
began. It was then found that the Daihatsu car had been replaced by two Toyo-
tas, and so the chase turned out to be against three cars instead of two--two
- Toyotas carrying the drugs and a private car to guard the drug shipment. The
smugglers' cars then turned to the mountain area--the same old area used by
smugglers of contraband from Libya.
Ttte chase, relying on tracking marks and reading of the smugglers~.movewents
on the desert sands, continued.
- It was then found that the smugglers had resorted to some caves and some
beduoin shacks in the area ;?hen their tracks began to disappear, to be re-
placed b.y the marks of sheep and goat grazing.
Then began another new day in this exciting chase and in the search for the
tracks of the smugglers in the desert.
_ The smugglers went into hid3ng near the edge of the corridor while waiting ~or
- one of the patrols to move away so that they could infiltrate through this
area. In an instant, they were able to penetrate the corridor. But the attempt
was discovered soon afterward and one of the coast guard patrols hastened to
- pursue the smugglers. Suddenly, the patrol found the three cars in front of ,
it after having discovered the path they had followed. The distance between the
- coast guard patrol vehicle and the smugglers' cars began to diminish gradually.
Battle~With Firearms
In a flash, the vehicle guarding the smugglers turned around and moved at ex-
- tremely high speed in the direction of the coast guard patrol vehicle. At the
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same moment, the patrol officer saw a rifle aimed in the patrol' S direction.
In the same instant, a round was fired. Here, fate intervened to save the
- coast guard officer's life. The bullet was a dud. Iimmediately, the officer
instructed the patrol to open fire, which it did. The smuggler and his assis-
- tant were hit. The coast guard men then fired at the vehicle's tires and pro-
ceeded to chase the drug-carrying vehicles. This happened on the third day of
the chase. The light of dawn started to appear after the night's darkness.
_ The smuggler's vehicles were heading in the direcfion of Burj al-'Arab road
rifter being forced by the chase ro change their original course, set for Wadi
a1-Natrun. The smugglers had to get rid of their load before the break of
dawn so the load would not hamper their escape.
They began to drop their load in the middle of the road in front of the patrol
vehicle. The chase continued but the smugglers were able to reach the road
they wanted and to disappear, without their load. The patrol car turned
around, picked up the drugs from the road and returied to the smugglers` guard
vehicle. What the patrol found there was a great b.~b of blood on the desert,
sand and the tracks of a vehicle with a flat tire. The guard vehicle had
managed to reach a populated area and to escape. All that was left was a dud
bullet shell, which could have cost the life of one of the officers keeping a
watchful eye on Egypt's security.
Smugglers Trapped
Three full days had passed on this cha.~;e in the desert. Col 'Abd a1-Hami.d and
Majors Ahmad al-Badawi and Yusri al-Tuni then started to pursue the smugglers
to arrest them. Quick and careful investigations were conducted on the two
wounded smugglers, 'Awad Abu Dubun and his brother Rahim, the two biggest
smugglers in the western desert. Information began to f low in rapidly indi-
cating that the two smugglers were hit and still bleeding and that they had
offered a physician 60,000 poun~s to save them and to take out the four bullets
that had hit them in the legs. 'Awad, a 60-year-old man, had bled for 8 fu11
hours and was unconscious. The doctor told them that the only way to save
them was to have them admitted to a hospital. He then referred them to a
hospital in Alexandria.
The border guard officers verified the information, and one of the officers
- proceeded i~nediately to the hospital concerned and waited for the people
visiting the wounded defendants to leave. Meanwhile, he was able to identify
a11 of the p ersons involved in the case. Whenever one of them left after
- visiting the wounded, he was ~rrested. Af ter all the individuals involved
~ had been arrested, the two wounded defendants were arrested.
The total number of defendants in the case was eight, including brothers
; 'Awad, Rahim and 'Abd al-Mawla Abu Dubun and 'Abd al-Wahid Karim Hafiz, who
' had driven one of the drug vehicles.
Millionaire Shepherd
_ When prosecution attorneys Muhammad al-Turrawi and Sa'id Shihatah, under the
supervision of Counselor Mal~unud al--Hinnawi, the general drug prosecutor,
~ questioned the wounded 'Awad Abu Dubun and his brother Rahim at the hospital,
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; the two denied the charges and stated that they were herding sheep in the
~ desert when they were surprised by the coast guard vehicle opening fire on
them.
= But who is shepherd 'Awad Abu Dubun? The coast guard investigation of the
records shows that he is the most dangerous smuggler in the western desert and
that his star began to rise in the sky of the poison trade after 1967 when
hashish and opium smuggling shifted to the northern coast and when most of the
smuggling operations conducted in this area came to be controlled by 'Awad and
his brothers. As for the shepherd, he owns three Mercedes cars and 100 feddans
of the best farmland, cultivated with fruit and citrus trees, in al-Nlatamir, in
addition to other large areas of land in Burj al-'Arab and al-'Ajami, an apart-
ment building in Alexandria and a villa in al-'Ajami area. .
Second Attempt in Rashid
A few days later, the second attempt took place. The information showed that
the attempt would take place near Rashid. It was already known that smugglers
be~in their infiltration and smuggling operations fio the coast fram sunset
_ until 0200. If not finished by then, they withdraw with their (boats) to inter-
national waters to await a new day.
This is because smugglers take into their account the time consumed by the
. smuggling operations, beginning from the moment the rope 3.s thrown to the
smugglers' workers on the beach to the mament of the smugglers' return to
' international waters before the break of dawn.
= But in this attempt, the smugglers changed their methods. A Turkish smuggling~
= boat carrying the smu~gled shipment from Lebanon moved close to al-Mu'addiyah
_ beach at 0330. One of the smugglers descended to the water, holding in his
hand the end of the rope ro which the drugs were tied, before exchange c+f the
all-clear signal between the smuggling boat and the Egyptian smugglers on
the beach so a.s to save time. But the attention of the coast guard observers
in the area was attracted by the movement of the shadows of persons i:i the
- graveyard in the area. The coast guard moved quickly to the beach and opened
intense fire on the smugglers' boat, which dropped its load and f led at the
sound of the first bullet. The workers [on the beach] also f~:ed. The coast
guard forces descended to the water and picked up the smuggled shipment, which
- amounted to 1 ton of crude hashish valued at 5 million pounds. The coast guard
forces also noticed that the fleeing Egyptian smuggler's workers had prepared
a tractor to pull the rope to which the drug parcels were tied so as to drag
the drugs out of the water and to the beach instead of having this done
manually--a tiring and time-consuming process that usually requires nearly 40
men to perform. '
Using Passenger Boats
A few days later, the third attempt took place. This attempt was also differ-
ent in its method. This time, the smugglers resorted to using passenger boats
~coming from Lebanon.~ The smugglers board the boat carrying some small parcels
_ shaped like suitcases or sma11 parcels inside cases similar to passenger
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suitcases. Upon entering territorial waters and before reaching the straits,
tlie passenger ship is met by a fishing boat. At a given prearranged signal,
tl~e smuggler starts to throw the parcels overboard gradually and the fishing
boat, which is by now moving parallel to the passenger boat, picks up the
_ parcels.
Wl~en this information became available, a coast guard launch was awaiting the
_ passenger ship along with the fishing boat. Naturally, the fishing boat
assigned to the smuggling operation departed immediately and the coast guard
= launch moved close to the passenger boat instead. The smuggler on board had
no choice but to dump the parcels on the other side of the passenger boat to
get rid of them before the boat entered the port. The coast guard launch
picked up the drugs, which consisted of four small cans filled with crude
tiashish valued at a quarter of a million pounds.
The coast guard forces then arrested the two smugglers who had traveled aboard
the passenger boat, namely, 'Ali Hafiz Muha~nmad ancl Muha~mnad al-Sayyid Mahmud.
Inside Abandoned Cave
- Also, a few days later, the latest of these attempts took place. This time,
- the information available to the coast guard agencies agreed with that of the
General Drug Control Agency. The investigations of Col Faruq Abu al-'A*_a, the
- head of the General Drug Control Agency branch in Alexandria, indicated the
presence of a large shipment of hashish and opi~n in one of the unpopulated
islands in al-'Ajami Sea. The agency's units moved under the supervision of
Maj Gen Mamduh Salim, Drug Control Agency director, and Col Muhammad 'Abbas,
director of operations. Colonels Faruq Abu al-'Ata, Mahmud Yasin and al-Sayyid
- Ghayth; Lieutenant Colonels Muhammad (Jamil) and Nur Hamidah; and Maj Tariq
Isma'il proceeded to seize this shipment. At the same time, the border guard
forces were pursuing the shipment. This time, the information disclosed that
the smugglers would make their attempt in a totally new and different way.
Ttie information also indicated that the Lebanese smugglers had agreed with
- the Egyptian smugglers not to let the Turkish smu~gling boat, sgecialized in
inf iltrating to the Egyptian coast, come from the LebanE~se coast to the terri-
torial waters, considering that one of these boats, totaling three altogether,
tiad been seized earlier. This is why the Egyptian smugglers this time used
Egyptian fishing boats or launches tu meet the Turkish smuggling boat near the
~ territorial waters. There, the drugs are transferred t;o the Egyptian fishing
boats, which then smuggled them into the country gradually over interspersed
periods to avoid suspicion. It was not easy to keep w:itch on the Egyptian
L-ishing boats, especially since they were returning without any drugs. The
information then indicated that the Egyptian fishing boats were transferring
the drug shipment to a cave in one of three unpopulated islands in al-'Ajami
Sea. When this information b~came available to the co~sst guard and to the
General Drug Control Agency and its branch in Alexandria, a joint force con-
ducted a comprehensive survey of the islands' waters and the drugs were found
- in a cave in one of the islands. The cave had been covered by the smugglers
" with seaweed and some rocks. The shipment consisted of 10 cans of crude hash-
ish powder and 38 kilograms of crude Turkish opium., which is considered
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~ one of the purest kinds of opiwn in the world. The shipment's value was 5.5
million pounds.
Thus, with the start of the new smugglfing season, the smugglers have failed to
transport their poisons to~the market, despite all their tricks to penetrate the
security men's blockade.
8494
C50: 5300/5016
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- EGYPT
~ FEe'!TURE ARTICLE ON OPIUM CULTIVATION IN EGYPT
Cairo AL-MUSAW?JAR in Arabic No 2~95, 5 Mar 82 pp 25 30
[Article by 'Asim Rashwan: "The Seriousness of Opium Cultivation in Upper
Egypt"]
[Text] Destruction is cultivat~d in Upper Egypt. Weapons, murder, and drugs.
- ~ Hundreds of feddans are cultivated by people without conscience. It is
possessed by people without conscience, as well. Many fingers point to promin-
ent individuals who are behind the cultivation of death. Certain names stand
out in th e drug kingdom--a strange world, in which the plants are cultivated
by night and harvested in the early morning hours. When will this strange
world come to an end?
There is one dominion in Egypt called the kingdom of drug trafficking. But
there is also another kingdom, the kingdom of drug cultivation, which is no
less powerful or influential. Zt is a strange kingdom in which crops are
_ cultivated in broad daylight and harvested at the break of day in spite of all
the efforts of the police and anti-narcotics agents and the provisions of the ~
law, which call for 5 years to life in prison. However, this kingdom does
not openly declare itself, but dperates only in secrecq.. It is a kingdom
which has its men and its servants. Indeed, many signs point to officials
who participate in it or operate clandestinely within it. This strange
- kingdom is located in the governorate of Asyut--the saane governorate that
produced the infamous "Upper Egypt line" that controlled the cultivation of
drugs in that area and was brought to an end by the police in the 1960's.
The "line" was a legend. But its end was not in itself the end of the
strange kingdom. It was the beginning of other efforts. The people of the
town of al-Ghanayim, who became famous fo~ drug cultivation, relocated their
efforts to other areas within the saaae governorate.
_ Col Husni al-Dab', chief of criminal iavestigations in Asyut, had this to
say:
- "The growing of poppies--the opium pla~nt--is centered in the areas of Abnub
and al-Fatah, particularly in the villages of East al-Ma'abidah, West
al-Ma'abidah, Bani Muhammad, and East a1-flawtah in the district of Dayrut;
al-Ma'abidah Island, al-Hawatikah, and Tamiyah Bani Sha'ir in the district of
Manfalut; al-Qasir and Dayr al-Qasir in the district of al-Qusiyah;
- al-Fawallah and al-Gharib in the district of Sahi1 Salim, which have the
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fewest farms; and the viliages of East al-Kullabat and West Kullabat in the
district of al-Fatah, which are famous for the cultivation of Indian hemp.
These areas have a unique natura~ character in that they are surrounded by
- Eastern Desert mountain ranges on one side and Che Nile on the other. It
used to be difficult to reach these areas and the security forces sLZffered a
certain percentage of losses during their raids on the drug grawing sites.
But the roads Y.ave been developed and it is now easy to reach these areas.
River transportation, however, is still not up to the standard necessary to
fight a problem such as this."
The chief of criminal investigations added: "There is a strong connection
between drug growing, weapoas, and crime. These three.canstitute the
"terrible triangle" in the governorate."
Why Are Drugs Grawn?
This is a strange question which arises at this point. According to Col Husni
al-Dab': "The spread of vengeance feuds in Upper Egypt generates an urgent
and continual need for funds and�weapons. They are seeking money to buy the
_ latest types of weapons so that.they can deal with a dispute. Oii the other
hand, they need huge amounts of moaey to pay court costa and employ defense
lawyers because of crimes."
Shad~s of Night and Day
Despite the fact that drug cultivation is like any other type of cultivation
in some ways, it has certain principles and rules which make it different
from any other type of cultivation. In the village of East al-Ma'abidah in
the vicinity of ~,bnub al-Hamam, which is ringed by mountain~ on three sides
and by the Nile on the fourth, I spoke to Shaykh 'Umar al-Khattab, the village
newsmonger--about the way in which drugs are grown. Shaykh,'Umar said:
"The poppy seeds are very similar to onion seeds. They are black in color and
are no more than 1 millimeter in diameter. The cultivation begins in September
and ends at the end of June. There are two ways of grawing drugs:
Z. Together in holes. This consists of putting the seeds in a hole and
covering them with soil.
2. In rows. In this method, the patch of ground is divided into several
small patches and these are divided in turn into long rows. The seeds are
sown in each row also in lengthwise fashion. ~oth methods of drug cultivation
- use the "separation" method. In other words, they are separated from other
plants .
"In some cases, they grow the drug plants among other crops such as beans,
wheat, Egyptian clover, coriander, caraway, anise, safflower plants, Hyacynth
beans, and sunflowers. These plants provide a degree of camouflage. The
_ crops are fertilized 7 days after the seeds are planted. Each feddan requires
six bags of chemicals. The plants are irrigated every 10 days beginning when
- the seeds are planted. Af ter 60 days, the plants begin producing fruits. At
this time they need six additional bags of fertilizer.
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"Indian hemp plants are grown in the same way. The only difference is in the
color and size of the seeds. The hemp seed is 3.millimeters in size and is
greenish-~white in color, similar to the coriander seeds. The poppy seed is
predominantly black like that of the onion, ~or which reason it is called '
the 'black seed.'
"After completion of the 60-day period of growth, the poppy plants begin
- putting out fruit. At this ~i~ne, the harvesting operation, which they call
"surgery," begins in order to obtain the crude opiimn. Shaving razors are used
- for this ogeration. The razor ~s divided into two sections and each section
_ is divided again into two halves. The pointed part is put in a palm-leaf
- stalk and this is used as an instrianent for the surgery. The operation on
the leaves or the fruits begins at sunaet so that the sun's rays will not
affect the milky liquid aad make it run out onto the ground. During this
operation, the milky liquid flows out and is thick in consistency. During
the n~ight hours, the white color turns to the color of tea with milk, then
becomes light brown and then dark brown. In the first hours of morning, it
becomes a thick, predominantly black substance, and this is crude opium--or
the 'pure,' as it is called."
Shaykh 'Umar Khattab continued: "Most of the time, they perfurm the surgery
on the leaves after 60 days to obtain the greatest possible a~ount of crude
opium for personal use and a1sA for sale so that money obtained from sale of
the substance will help pay the cost of collect3ng the remaining yield from
the fruits. By the end of the ripening stsge, the plant is 75 centimeters tall.
There are different varieties of poppy plauts including native, (Izmali),
- Turkish, and Pakistani. The (?zmali) type is the largest and safest. Its
- stem is short and its leaves grow broad like tomnato leaves and therefore it
is difficult to detect. flowever, it also produces the least crude opium of ~
all the varieties. The native variety is the most productive but it has a
long stem like that of a cotton plaat and is easy to detect. Therefore, this
variety is not safe.
"The crude opium is also collected with razors and is put in china bowls. The
substance resulting from the cutting of the leaves of the poppy plant ia called
' leaf opium.'
"Indian hemp is collected exactly like mallow. Then it is dried in the heat
of the sun until it resembles dry mallow. It is then mixed with sugar and
boiled in clay containers. Next it is cut into small shapes resembling beans.
These are called 'green beans.' Thert is another method in which dried
Indian hemp is mixed with a certain quantity of sugar and some other ingredients
such as frankincense and nutmeg. This i.s called 'tahbishah.` The industry of
: extracting hashish in various grades from Indian hemp does not exist in Egypt.
"However, this industry is widespread in Lebanon, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and
Thailand. The dried Indian hemp is placed in special devices to produce
various grades of crude hashish. The first process is called 'hubu' in Egypt.
It is the best grade of hashish. The second is called 'zaytah joil] hashish'
and it is lower in quality. The third is 'ghubarah' jpawder]. The fourth
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consists of the by products from the processing of the Indian hemp plants aad
is called 'khaltah' jblend].because thep add certain other ingredients to it
for coIIanercial dec~ption, iacluding henna and autmeg. This form is the worst
grade of hashish."
Fnur Hundred Equals a Quarter Million
~ Wh~le the police are able to seize certain areas, these areas are ~ust the
visible part of h,ashish cultivation. The people of Abnub al-Hamam assert that
there are vast areas that are not visible and are thua out of reach of the
police. These areas are steadily growing so that ~hey will ultimately surpass
the areas held b~~ the police.
One citizen of East~al-Ma'abidah said: "The dealers come from Alexandria,
- Qina, Sawha~, an.d even Cairo and al-Fayyum to buy crude opi~ from East and
West al-Ma'abid~~h and other cultiv&tion areas. It is someCimes shipped by
_ certain grawers who have great influence and ~he investigations people never
- suspect them at all." .
- Scattered comments by citizens here and there assert that some individuala use
their "immuniti.es" to transport huge quantities of drugs to other governorates.
The price of a feddan of poppies approaches as high as 250,000 pounds while
_ the cost of gr~owing this crop is no more tt?~n 400 pounds ! An ounce of crude
opium co~ts 1,000 pounds, and one twenty-fourth of a feddan produces 10
ouncesl
_ Lt Col 'Abd-al-Mun'im 'Abd-al-'A1, head of the Anti-Narcotics Department, said:
"~.'he cost of d,rugs has risea in recent months follaaing the seizure of scores
- o~ tons of hashish and crude opitmn by border guard forces in cooperation with
police forces. The price of a qirsh of 'hubu' hashish has risen to 40 pounds
~ as opposed to only 15 pounds a year ago."
- First Lt Mahir Kh.alifah, chief of the a1-Ma'abidah police station, said: "I
came 3 months aga and I knew that al-Ma'abidah was one of the citadels of drug
growing. I triedl diligently to look ar.ound to identify the cultivation areas
and their owner;s so I would be able to inform the criminal investigation de-
partment in the province. I was startled on one occasion when a citizen
whispered in my ear: 'We are really tired of your pursuit and we are planning
to move the cult:i�vation to Alexandria and a1-Fayyuan where there are more sites
and virgin area~ ~Ln this fieldl"'
But how do the campaigns to seize these dangerous and destructive crops begin?
The campaign begin~ several hours before the men move out when the security
- forces obtain a warrant from the authorized public prosecutor. At 0600, ~the
men begin to move out for the drug strongholds specified in the investigai:ions
department's investigations. The forces secure the area so that there wi11 be
no resistance by the growers. After thie, soane members of the public proaecu-
tor's office arrive and the routine examination is carried out in which th~e
' personnel characterize the plants, their size, the method of cultivation, and
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the stage of growth-~with fruit, floweriug, or not flowering. Next come the
measuring operations carried out by the accoaipanying agent along with a deter-
- mination of the owner of the seized ground by either the accompany~.ng admin-
istrative personnel, the operator of the machine that irrigates yhe agricul-
tural plot, or one of the neighbors. Then three plants or three fruits are
collected and sent to the chemical laboratory of the forensic medicine office
in the area. The remaining plants ar2 collected to be sent to the agriculture
department's warehouses pending prasecution of the case.
- The Penalty: Only 1 Pound
Despite the threat that drugs pose to the public health and the national
economy, the punishment began with a fine of only 1 pound in 1810. In 1926,
the crime became a misdemeano*_- ~ith a penalty of imprisonment or a fine or
both. The punishment was optional. When the danger of drugs was confirmed,
the legislators stiffened the punish~ment in the early 1940's to make the crime
a felony. Paragraph B, Article 34 of Law 1$2 of 1960 and its amendments,
: which ended with Law 61 or 1977, stipulated: "Anyone whc plants, exports,
imports, possesses, harvssts, buys, sells, delivers, or transports narcotic
plants at any stage of growth or the seeds of such plants with the intent to
sell or deals in such plants in any form under any circumstances not permitted
by the law shall be punished by temporarq or permaaent.hard labor." He~e the
penalty ranges from 3 to 25 years and all the way to execution in instances of
_ importation.
- However, possession of some portions of the narcotic plants is exempt from
punishment. In Schedule 6 attached to Law 182 of 1960, the law exempts
- three p arts of narcotic plants from the punishment: fibers and stems of
Indian hemp because they contain a very sma11 percentage of the narcotic
substance and it is impossible to separate it; seeds of the Indian hemp or
poppy plants which have b een well roasted to guarantee that th~y cannot be
sprouted; collected poppy pods that are devoid of seeds.
Despite the fact that the penalty has been increased from a fine of 1 pound to
life in prison, there are certain prominent personalities, known by name, who
are involved in the cultivation of narcotics. Many peopl~ in Abnub al-Hamam
point to these individuals: ~
--Mustafa Gharur from East al-Kullabat in the district of al-Fatah who graws
no less than 15 feddans.
--Nadi 'Abbas Marsa from East aI-Ma'abidah wha specializes in the cultivation
of poppies. His father is a well-known drug dealer.
--Qatab al-Qaliyubi from al-Sawal3.m al-Bahriyah, whose reputation is for crimes
of murder and the cultivation of drugs.
--Ahmad Khalifah Muha~ad from East al-Kullabat in the district of al-Fatah,
who has been arrested previously in connection with several cases. He has
brazenly cultivated a tract of land on more ~han one occasion.
Iiowever, loopholes in the law have allowed many individuals to escape with a
not guilty verdict or reduced sentences.
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In 1980, not guilty verdicts were rendered in more than 90 percent of the
cases in criminal court.
_ According to Hilmi al-Sharif, a lawyer in the Court of Cassation, there are
several factors that contribute to verdicts of not guilty or lightening of
- sentences:
--Natural factors, such as the growing of the plants on tracts of land ad~a-
cent to the eastern or western desart which are not held bq the agricultural
coopexatives and are not recorded in the land surveq registers or the growing" ~
of plants on islands located in the.middle of_the Nile or near the banks. All
of these lands are owned by the state. For example, there is the islaad of
al-Harifah located across from East al-Ma'abidah which has au area of 100
feddans. This is supposed to be state-owned land but it is cultivated entirely
in poppies and Indian hemp.
--Social factors: The multiplicity of farms in neighboring areas ~oakes each
individual both witness and accused. Thus the people refuae to testify against ~
one another because this will lead to the murder of the witness on account of ~
the intermeshed social relations aad the high return from the product.
--Arrest measures: The records generallq specifq the naanes of ~uvenile
defendants without looking into the identity of the real offender. In one
case, tt:�a defendant confessed to owniag the land and stated that his son had
_ grown the narcotics. It came to light that the son was a~uvenile and there-
fore the defeadant escaped investigation and b enefited from the penalties and
' measures stipulated in Law 31 of 1974 concerning 3uveniles.
--Defects ia the legislation: The legislators made the crime of selling or
- growin~ a procedural crime more than an ob~ective crime. This applies to
= such acts as "picking and weighing out" and th e method of obtaining information
from witnesses in these cases, such as through the newsmonger and the head of
- the village. In addition, the legislators stipulated in Article 42, Paragraph
A of law 182 of 1960 that the seized crops should be confiscated but did not
call for confiscation of the land as the basic means of carrying out the crime.
Who Is Responaible?
It is certain that so long as these details ara kaown, someone bears the
- responsibility for the spread of such deadly crops as these. The accusing
finger points to some definite culprits:
--The local administration sectors in the goveraorate of Asyut. They have
failed to register the lands bordering the nnountain chains as well as the
islands scattered about in the Nile. This naturally makes these areas commnon
- spoils for everyone who lets himself be enticed into growing these prohibited
plants.
--Closing the loopholes in the 1aw and emphasizing confiscation of seized land
on which narcotics are grown.
42.
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--The Department of Agriculture. The agricultural specialiets in the coopera-
tives are not carrying out their responsibilities by touring and monitoring
the farms.
- --As the citizens keep saying, the authorities ~nust search for the real
criminal who remains under cover and out of reach--removed from any responsi-
bility.
- The figures point to some strange facts:
--In 1973, the security f.orces seized 150 feddans in East al-Ma'abidah. Ia 1978
the seized area rose to 400 feddans!
--In the governorate of Asyut as a whole, the police forces seized 54.5 feddans
in 1976 with an estimated 1.25 million Indian hemp plants and around 500,000
poppy plants.
--In 1980, the area increased to 230 feddans with an estimated 85,000 Indian
hemp plants and 5 million poppy plants.
- � --In 1981, the seized axea reached 250 feddans with an estimated 38,000 Indian
hemp plants and 6 million poppy plants.
Who knows how many plants will fa11 into the hands of the police forces this
year.
- There is one final comment about this kingdom that kills citizens and~sows
death in the land of Egypt at a time when we are looking for every possible
inch to add to our agricultural land.
The co~men~:
. Will the kingdom of destruction continue ta exist in the governorates of Upper
Egypt? Will it continue to retain all control? Will thos~e who remain far
removed from responsibility continue to deal death and reap wealth without
- any human or national conscience?
Another comment:
With all the many details available, what else is needed to eliminate the
growing of drugs in the land of Egypt?
Haw an Opium Stronghold Was Stormed
At dawn, central security forces moved out in more than 12 trucks carrying
350 troops heavily armed with automatic weapons and with ammunition boxes at
their feet. They were led by 20 officers from the criminal investigations
department com~anded by Col Husni al Dab'.
The detachment left the city of As~ut.
_ The road was winding, squeezed between the Nile and the Eastern Desert mountain
- ranges. The aspect was fxightening, particularly in the terrible dawr? hours.
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After 20 kilometers, the detachment arrives at the narcotics stronghold.
Al-Ma' abidah in Abnub al--Samam2
'~he forces spread out toward tlie sites of the poppy and Indian hemp plantings.
Each group of troo~s is led by a special officer.
Near the al-Ma'abid,ah police station, Col 8usni sl-Dab' stood receiving radio
messages from the groups raiding the most dangerous drug stronghold.
The reports came in one after another. "Half a feddan of poppies, sirl"
- ~ Another voice said, "Three feddans of Indian hemp, sir!"
This continued until 1000 by which t~e the security forces had seized 28
pieces of land cultivated in narcotica!
Nor was this the last raid. 1'hz ~ampaign against the growing of poppies here
in Asyut will conCinue through the end of June when the narcotics harvest will
end.
On the other hand, deep in the mountains, groups of people stand completely
ready to enter into fierce combat with the police forces when necessaryl
Smuggling Acroes the Border: From Drugs to Video Recorders to Grenades
Tt,io soldiera of the border guard, Privates Sami Nasif and Sa'd Basyuni,
received a substantial fiuanaial award because on 16 September 1981 they seized
9 tons of drugs on the northern coast. First Sgt Muha~nad 'Abd-al-Aamid also
- received a financial award because he seized 12 tons of drugs in the area of
al-Kalakh east of Abu Qir.
A secret report to the commander of the border forces revealed that his forces
seized 60,527 kilograms of hashish and 145 kilograms of opium during 1981.
This represents a total of 61 tons during a single year.
, The report stated that the forces seized 235 diamonds, 176 emeralds, 15.2
kilograms of gold, 5 kilogtams of silver, 1,907 bottles of Whiskey, 9~585
cartons o� cigarettes, 249 cylinders of butane gas, 15,000 ball-point pens,
185 video tape players, 259 televisions, 3,423 gazelle horn pocket knives,
152 kilograms of ostrich feathers, 48 hand grenades, over 225,000 Egqptian
pounds, $38,000, and many other contraband items of various types.
- Ma~ Gen A. H. Faruq al-Sahn, commander of the border guard forces, said that
helicopter units work regularly with his forces to combat smuggling and
infiltration and that the border guard has established an advanced formgtion
for search and rescue operations employing internationally used methods to
rescue lost individuals and accident victims in Egypt's deserts and along its
coas tal borders .
- 8591 .
CSO: 5300/5013
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LESOTHO
- MOVE TO LEGALI?E DAGGA FAILS ,
_ Johanaesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 May 82 p 21 .
~Article by Mike T~laddacor~
[Te,ct]
R L~OTHO pouac3an~~ ratew~th ana u~ac a~[er
oi tbe
. mo~nntatn king~om's ~ ~ 1~n p~aae~idon
da~a legi~latioo bling of this weed m~t be vnder
acra~pp~ hsve ~ont np no haraamxat whatw~
ever frnm any quartet."
Earlier t~is mocth. Chiel S$
~~1eb~' ~ Not discussed
Le~ol~o~~ natsooal a~em-
bly~ fsued a ootice o! mo-
tiac caWo~ foc a repeai at According to Lewtho's I.ead-
the s da~a bw~ er oi the Honse and tbe
- Bat tbt~ wat wilh- Niaista~ to the Primt
d~wn tbb week afber a Minf~ter, f~ief Evarbtu~
- warnlo~ tbat Lesotbo ~7~� ~e ~og~
woaW tace loternatiooal was ~wt discaeaed b~ tl~ ~
pe~ar~ ham coantrfes Hoare ina~y ~aanet.
ai!lltated to the Int~ecna- Betoce the motion was wtth- '
- Btl~al Na:tirotics Caatrol ~ had
~mted
:~~(L~a
~'17~e tlolt6e
~fa~'r:. iTl~s ~ ' sotlw PuWmeat) eannot
accept it It b agaia~t tbe
~ y ' laternational conveatto~
now dpe fa the proper of whicL we are a
cnlavancn ot aagga aca "
- for ~och coltlvatas to be Chief Mapheleba was not
rree co sen !c ana thac the prap~r~ co con,meat on
Lw tbat peoeibib tbe cul- ~ha- wit6dcawal ai 6ia,
tfvatlan aod sale ~ thb ~0d . .
weed shoald be.repsakd :
CSO: 5300/5747
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. SENEGAL .
. y
BRTEFS .
ARREST OF FOUR TRAFFICKERS--Units of the police brigade of Thiaroye recently
arrested and referred to the court four individuals who were engaged in drug
trafficking. After an investigation, Che police were able to trace the net-
work. So it was that during an initial patrol carried out in Thiaroqe, tl~ey
conducted a seizure of the drug and apprehended a man called Ibra Gueye for
possession of 5 kg on Indian hemp. When interrogated, the possessor indicated
that this drug was sold to him b~ his usual supplier Antoine Diatta. At the
home of the latter in Diamagueune, a pistol of Italian manufacture was dis-
covered. When interrogated in his turn, Antoine Diatta revealed having had
_ convoyed 15 bags of Indian.hemp with a total weight of 500 kilograms on board
a canoe from Casamance to Mbao where the undloading was to take place. He
stated that at the moment of convoy~ng this prodnct on board a clandestine
taxi, they were surprised by three customs officials and they abandoned the
product on the spot. The police were informed of the progress of this.opera-
tion by their associates in the customs department who handed over to them
the 15 bags of drugs. The police then conducted another ambush at Thiaroye
station at the same place which made it possible to apprehend other associates
of the traffickers: Mohamadou Diouf and Sa1if Lo. [Text] [Dakar LE SOLEIL
in French 1~2 May 82 p 4]
CSO: 5300/5755
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SOUTH AFRICA
BRIEFS ~
, OPIUM HAUL--Yest.erday's opium haul uncovered by police in the Cape was the
second in South Africa this year. On March 22 a Hillbrow resident, Save Levkou
(36) was s~ntenced to seven years' imprisonment for illegally dealing in opium
worth R 110 000. In passing sentence Johannesburg magistrate, Mr M P Pr~nsloo,
said that "many lives could have been destroyed by this drug." Mr Levkou, a
father of three has been in the Republic since 1977. He had returned from a
visit to his family in Yugoslavia when he brought the opium in. In court
police testified that opium sold for about R200 a gram. He was arrested in
Hillbrow and detectives searched his car and found the opium. The magistrate
told Levkou the crime was very serious--the minimum prescribed sentence being
~ five years. Taking into account the large amount, 450.5 g involved and the
~ ilevastating effect it could have had if not found by the police, Mr Prinsloo
sentenced him to seven yea~s. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
14 May 82 p 3]
DRUGS SEIZED IN 1981--The val�~e and mass of drugs seized by the police
increased sharply in 1981, the MinisCer of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange
said yesterdayo Replying in writing to a question by Mr Pat Rogers (NRP, King
William's Town), Mr Le Grange said the value of drugs confiscated last year
totaTled R257,8-milliono This included R245,4-udllion worth of dagga, nearly
a million tablets worth R11,9-million, 1 kg of opium worth R400 000, 3 111
units of LSD w~orth R31 000, 155g of cocaine worth R31 200 and 5,5g of heroin
valued at R1 375, The drugs represented a sharp increase in both mass and
value, Mr Le Grange said. ~Text~ ~Joha.nnesburg THE CITIZEN in English
15 May 82 p 4~
OYTUM DEALER GETS BAIL--Cape Town--A Heideveld man who allegedly dealt in
opium and morphine valued at R70 000 was granted R2 000 bail yesterday by
~a Cape Town magistrate. Mr Alban Ellie (28), appeared wi.th f.our others,
~Miss Doreen Armstrong (31), also of Heideveld, Mr David Julius (42), of
Elsies River, Mr Samuel Makoena (21), of Soweto and Mr Leslie Raymond
Abrahams (29) of Eldorado Park, Johannesburgo They were not asked to plead
_ to allegations that in Cape Town on May 6 they dealt in opium and morphine
and no evidence was led. Their arrest and court appearance followed
intensive investigation~ by members of the Narcotics Squada Asked by the ,
magistrate if he could afford the bail, Mx Ellie said he could not, The
prosecutor, Mr S, Shrock, told the court that the State would not agree to
= the lowering of bail as the charges Mr Ellie faced were 'bery serious."
He said the estim~ted value of the drugs.seized was R~70 000. The hearing
was adjourned to June 4 and Mr Ellie was rewanded. [Text~ ~Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 1S May 82 p 2]
~ 47
rCSO: 5300/5748
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GREECE
~ BRIEFS
MULTINATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--The Athens General Security has
arrested the members of a narcotics ring; two of them are British, the other
is Austrian and the fourth is a.Greek. They are Helmut Heider /phonetic/, 31,
restaurant worker (Austrian), Alan Price, 22 (British), Charles Sines
/phonetic/, 24, (British), and Konstandinos Atahn., Tsolakis, 23. Helmut
Heider had traveled twice to Turkey and once to India within the last 6
months and had brought back hashish and heroin. Assisted by the two
- British men, he was selling~the narcotics on the street. The Britishers had
hired Tsolakis, who had been assigned the location of Fokionos N~gri Avenue
and Amerikis Square, as well as Stergios G. Vardakas, 24, and Pan. Evang. .
- Lambatos, 27, who were working in the Plaka district. The last two have been
in jail for the last month on another narcotics charge. One hundred grams
of hashish arid 5 grams of heroin were seized, as well as 100,000 drachmas
and 300 doilars. [Text] [Athens TA NEA in Greek 4 May 82 p 14]
LARGE HEROIN SEIZURE--Ankara, 4 May--Turkish police have uncovered a large
~ netwoxk of narcotics traffickers engaged in moving hu~e quantities of
heroin to Gr~ece. Specifically, police arrested Mehmet Ali, a 26-year old
fisherman when he was carrying 10 kilos of heroin to Kos. He admitted that
_ ' he had made the trip quite often in the past. Mehmet�Ali helped police arrest
8 members of the gang and seize 48 kilos of heroin in Istanbul and 69 in
Saparju [as published]. Finally, police also followed a bus on the Adana
line and seized another 68 kilos of heroin. The network of drug trafficers
_ was moving the heroin to Greece and thence to Europe. [Text] jAthens TO VIMA
in Greek 5 May 82 p 8]
CSO: 5300/5403
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TURKEY
C~~IE'RVIE;~! OF NARCOTIC~~ DIRECTORATE OPERATIONS PROVID~,D
Istanbul MILLIYET in Turkish 28 M,ar 82 p 13
- ~Text] In 1969~ the Narcotics Division of the Istanbul
Directorate of Szcurity was converted into a directorate.
- In the coursz cl' the intervening 13 years, detectives~from
this directora~ce have eonducted operations that have~un-
covered 1375 cases of narcotics smuggling and have resulted
in the capture of 2358 smugglers. The operations have ~
resulted in the capture of 15~461 kilo~rams of narcotics
with a total value reaching 20 billion Liras.
At first~ narcotics operations had been attached as a
section to the Division of Security. In 1963~ these ~
operations were affiliated with the Fiscal Police. In the
1960's the section fell into inadequacy when hashish ~
smuggling became to be measured in terms of kilograms
instead of individual bricks. As a result, the Narcotics
Directorate wa.s created in 1969 within the structure of
the Directorate of Security. Despite limited resources, .
Turkish detectives have worked more effectively than
narcotics experts fram other countries belonging to
- INT~'RPOL and until today have captured narcotic substances
worth 20 billion Liras. ~
Stating that the number of heroin addicts in Istanbul
_ between the years 1953 and 1958 was small enough to be
counted on fingers, officials have described as follows
the information obtained in connection with past and present
narcotics smuggling:
"Prior to 1974, narcotics smuggling involved hashish and .
opium. Between 1953 and 195$ a decline in smuggling took
_ place because the laws were changed and the penalties were
increased. For this reason~ this period is known in the
literature of narcotics as the period of stagnancy. A few
heroin addicts existed in Tophane during this period.
Istanbul's first heroin smuggling took place in 1974.
~ There are no heroin prociuctio.n facilities in Istanbul or
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_ in other provinces of Turkey. This substance is praduced
= in the Middle F~.~t and is sent to Europe and America
through Turkey. liashish smuggling is the oldest form of
narcotics trafficka.ng. Later, heroin which is an ex-
pensive and valuable substance brought about a decline in
- hashish smuggling. The trafficking of narcotics in-
tensified following 1958 ar}d the heroin period began in
1974. Four smugglers were captured with 1.5 'kilograms of
- heroin in connection with the first capture of heroin in
I stanbul .
Acco rding to the avaa.lable data, in the course of operations
conducted over 13 years, detectives from the Istanbul Nar- J
cotics Directorate have seized 125 packets of heroin from ~
414 smugglers as the result of 143 operations. During
this period, 1i79 cases of hashish smuggling were un-
covered and 1824 smugglers were captured with 13~381
_ kilograms of hashish. Thirty other operations have
resulted in the capture of 67 smugglers and 1723 kilo-
grams of opium while 53 smugglers and 230 kilograms
of base morphine were captured in 21 additional operatio~:s.
The 43 kilograms of heroin captured during 1981 represented
the largest amount of such captures for any year while .
the 1.5 kilograms captured during 1974 represented the
smallest amount. Narcotic sutistances amounting to a
total of 15e461 kilograms have been transferred by the
Office of the Prosecutor to the General Directorate of
- Medici~al Preparations which is attached to the Ministry
of Health and Social Assistance. The narcotic substances
are brought to Ankara where the hashish and the heroin
are destroyed by incineration is special kilns. The
captured opium, morphine, base morphine ~nd cocaine are
sent to the narcotic substances factory at Bolvadin to
be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry.
In operations conducted until now~ the first capture of
cocaine took place in Istanbul in 1978 wh~n 35 grams of
the substance were captured from three addicts.
It is expected that the narcotics directorate which has
been operating as a separate section since 1969 will re-
ceive modern equipment in the days to come.
9~91
cso: 5300/5386 END
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