JPRS ID: 10689 USSR REPORT CONSUMER GOODS AND DOMESTIC TRADE

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• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 63
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10689 ~
27 July 1982
USSR Re ort
p
CONSUMER ~~ODS AND DOMESTIC TRADE
CFOUO~ 4/82)
/
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JPRS L/10689
27 July 1982
- ~ USSR REPORT
CONSUMER GOODS AND DOMESTIC TRADE
(~'OUO 4/82 )
~ CONTENTS
CONSUMER GOQDS PRODUCTION AND DTSTRIBUTION
Local Paper Blame~ Party for Coasumer Goods Shortage
(KOP4NNAR, 10 Apr 82) 1
Efforts To Get New Products to Market Described
. (A. Ya. Yefimov~ SHVEYNAYA PROMYSHI.ENNOST', No 2,
Mar-Apr 82) 8
Confectionary Industry Achievements, Plans
(N. S. Rudinova; R~II,EBOPEKARNAYA I KONDITERSRAYA
PROMYSHLENNIIOST', No 3, 1982) 16
_ a _ [III - USSR - 38b FOUO]
.�~n nC*"~"~ � T i rCT~` AN? V
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CONSUAiER GOODS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
LOCAL PAPER BLAMi:S PARTY FOR CONSUMER GOODS SHORTAGE
Tula KO1rII~lUNAR in Russian 10 Apr 82 pp 1, 3
[Report on speech of Second Secretary of the Tul'skaya Oblast Committee of the CPSU
V. M. Suslyak at an oblast meettng of the aktiv: "Improve Trade Sezyice"]
~ [Text~ Trade, public dining.... You will not find a person who
would not use the services of enterprises of this sector. And
the demands on those working in it are steadily increasing. The
sphere of services is being enlarged, the number of people using
them, particularly public dining, is increasing. And, on the
other hand, demand is increasing, the tastes of ahoppers, the
visitors of cafes and dining rooms, if one may say so, are becom-
ing more and more refined. What previously passed unnoticcd and
was explained as inevitable diffir_�ulties of the formation of our
country, now will not be accepted by the Soviet peopie.
The party is doing much in order to implement in practice its
program policy of increasing the mat~rial and cultural standard
of living of the people. This goal has also been intorporated in
the plans of the llth Fi~e~Year Plan~ which outline the further
increase of the well-being of our people. A significant role in
this is being assigned to trade, which is set forth in the decree
of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers
"On Measures on the Further Developm~nt of Trade and the Improve-
ment of rhe Trade Service of tt~e Population During the llth Five-
Year Plan."
How is it being fulfilled, wh~t is it necessary to undertake in
order to raiae the sector to s~ higher level? This question was
submitted for discussion t~ the obla~t meeting of the aktiv of
party, soviet, trade union, Romsomol, economic and trade organ-
izations.
Second Secretary of the Oblast Commdittee of the CPSU V. M. Suslyak
delivered the report at the meeting.
On the basis of specific example~ V. M. Suslyak showed how trade is developing in
our oblast. As the wag2s and incbme of kolkhbz farmers, the output of consumer
goods and the production of agricultural products increase, the commodity turnover
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of enterprises of trade and public dining increases� During the years o~ the lOth
I~ive-Year Plan it increased by 23.5 million rubles, or 18 percent. The floor space
of stores was enlarged by 33,000 m2, the number of seats at public dining enter-
prises increased by 19,000. About 10,000 units of refrigeration, technological
trade and other equipment were inatalled, on which more than 40 million rublee were
spent.
The structure of the commodity turnover is being systematically improved, the sale
of nonfood consumer items is increasing more rapidly, which once again confirms the
increase of the standard of living of the working people. In the past 10 years the
sale of footwear, clothing, fabrics, knitted goods, furniture, passenger cars,
sporting, cultural and personal goods has been expanded in the oblast. '
Much has been done on the adoption of advanced forms of trade. The work schedule
of many trade enterprises has been changed, the specialization of the network of
stores has been carried out.
The trade organizations also began the llth Five-Year Plan quite well.
Taking into account the importance cf the service sphere 3n the accomplishment c~ the
socioeconomic program of the party, the party and soviet organs in recent years have
taken a number of steps on the sharp increase of the level and standards of the
service of the population of the oblast. These c}uestions have been repeatedly exam-
ined at meetings of the party and economic aktiv and the.bureau of the oblast com-
mittee and at sessions of the oblast soviet executive committee. The city and
r.ayon party committees have begun to examine more frequently and spe~ifically the
work of trade organizations, have stepped up the monitoring of the activity of pri-
mary party organizations and have increased the demandingness on the personnel of
this sector. During the past 3 years alone more than 900 salespeople, cooks and
chiefs of stores and dining rooms have been admitted a candidate members of the
- CPSU.
Tt~e speaker cited as a positive example the practical work of the people of Alek-
~inskiy Rayon. The material and technical base of trade organizations is being
consistently developed in the rayon. The positive work being pexformed in Teplo-
Ogarevskiy, Kimovskiy, Odoyevskiy and Plavskiy Rayons was noted.
At the same time, V. M. Suslyak stressed, the achieved level of trade and public
dining in the oblast still does not meet the requirements of the 26th CPSU Congress
and the increased demands of the population. The growth rate of the commodity
turnov.er is low in a number of rayons, as a result significant amounts of money
are being accumulated by the population and are being received by savings banks in
the form of savings. The demand of co.r~aumers is being poorly studied, proper con-
cern is not being shown for the assurance ~f the mandatory minimum assortment of
goods at stores, dishes and items at dining rooms, restaurants and cafes through-
out the workday. Goi:~g to stores, dining rooms and cafes takes people a lot of
time. They frequently.encounter lack of consideration cor their needs and low
standards of service. And the party organizations are poorly increasing the re-
sponsibility of economic managers for the uncondit3anal fulfillment of state plans
and are not fully utilizing the right granted to them to monitor the activity of
the administration.
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'fl~e administrations of trade and public dining of the oblast soviet executive com-
mittee, the Administration of Workers' Supply of the Moacow Baein and the oblast
union of consumer cooperatives are obliged to give practical assistance to the col-
lectives of trade organizations,,to put things in order in the distribution of
goods, to set up unremitting control over the work of trade enterprises and to in-
crease the responsit+ility of economic managers for the assigned matter. The de-
crees of the party and the government, which outlined an extensive program of ac-
tions for the workers of state tr~ade, public dining and coaaumer cooperatives, are
required for this.
_ At the meeting the question of inr.reasing the output of coneumer goods was dis-
cussed with all urgency. Tc~day in the oblast 215 enterprises of 35 ministries and
departments are engaged in this. Last year 1,445,000,000 rubles of goods for the
population were produced, the plan of the production of cultural, personal and
household goods was exceeded, the State Seal of Quality was awarded to many items.
However, the existing potentials are being utilized far from completely. A gr~at
shortage of the goods, which could have been produced by our enterpriaes, is being
felt, this especially concerns the simplest goods and goods of everyday d~and.
An important role in the improvement of the supply of the population with goods is
being assigned to the staff of the Administration of Trade and the oblast union of
r.onsumer cooperatives and to wholesale bases. Taking the demand into account, their
managers are called upon tc influence industry, to stimulate the production of the
goods needed by the pc~pulation and to ensure their progress.
For the present, as in the past, errors in detexmining the demand for individual
types of goods, disruptions in Lhe sale of the goods available at bases and ware-
houses and shortcomings in the distribution and use of commodity resources and in
their shifting are be3ng pern+itted. Above-standard stocks of goods, the storage of
which requires additional expenditures, are aceumulating in enormous amounts due
to errors in the determination of consumer d~emand and th~ drawing up of orders for
goods and to the inadequate level of commercial work.
The wholesale bases and enterprises of retail trade are not setting up a barrir~~~
against the penetration of low quality goods, which are not in demand by the pu;.~.~-�
lation, and are not exercising thE right to pay the cost of goods after their a~;-
ceptance wtth respect to quality. The practice of concluding agreements of coc era-
tion with industrial enterprises is being timidly introduced.
A detailed analysis of the state of public diaing in the oblast was made j:z the re-
port of V. M. Suslyak. Its organization solves not only important economic, but
also major social problems. It was proposed.by the decree of the CPSU Central Com-
mittee and the USSR Council of Miaisters to implement measures on the in~provement
of the operation of public dining enterprises~ the increase of the quality of the
output being produced and tre standards of service, the introduction of the ~ndus-
trial technology of preparing food, the expansion of the output of prepared dishes,
convenience fo.ods, culinary and confectionary ite~ms and the development of the net-
work of dietary nutrition.
Last year a step forward was taken in this. Public dining improved somewhat. In
three trusts of dining rooms the centralized production of convenience foods was
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organized, the consolidation of a number of confectionary shops was carried out.
Five food combines are in operation, which is making it possible to utilize more
efficiently the food resources and to use advanced production technology.
However, there are still many shortcomings and errors here as well. It is necessary
to use the a~Tailable local s~urces more completely and efficiently for repleni~hing
the resources of foodstuffs and to create mor~ subsidiary farms of enterprises and
organizations. In the oblast during the past 2 years an additional 39 pig sties
for 5,700 hogs were put into operation by means of new construction and the renova-
tion of old facilities. The total hog population as compared with 1976 increased
by 5,500 and came to 18,800.
But there are also serious omissions inthis matter. In a number of places the
weight gains are low. The Administration of Public Dining, which is slowly devel-
oping the material and technical base of fattening, has lost its former reputation
with respect to this indicator. In the oblast union of consumer cooperatives and
the railroad departments of workers' supply the hog fattening centers are small,
the production cost of pork is high. Food scraps are being poorly utilized by all
the trade systems.
The city and rayon party committees, the city (rayon) soviet executive committees
and economic managers need to examine thoroughly the state of affairs in hog fatten-
ing, the development of the hothouse system and pond fishing. Serious attention
should be directed to the purchases of surpluses of agricultural products from the
population, commission t:ade and the operation of kolkhoz markets. The share of
kolkhoz markets in the total volume of the retail commodity turnover of the oblast
~ does not exceed 1.5 percent, while for some cities it is even less. The markets in
Venev, Bolokhovo, Donskoy and several other cities havz not been put in good order
and have not been readied for spring an~! summaer trade. The Oblast Administration
of rtarkets is not solving satisfactorily the questions of the development of their
ma~erial and technical base. At the same time, the trade organizations should de-
velop more boldly the direct contacts with kolkhozes and sovkhozes on the receipt
_ of agricultural produc~s at the place of thEir production and should introduce e�~
tensively in practice the container transportation and storage of potatoes, fruits
and vegetables. Now, when a shortage of some products, and especially meat
products and milk, is being felt, it is necessary to trade in them continuously and
in a broad assortment on a commission basis.
Last year an agro-industrial association o� fruit and vegetable growing was set up
- in the oblast. During this time some positive results have been achieved in its
work on the procurement of potatoes, fruits and ve~3etables. However, great tasks
face the assc+ciation. Many cucumbers, tomatoes, onions and what are called "other"
vegetables are still being brought in from other oblasts. Moreover, their volumes
are increasing from year to year, due to which the state is su�fering great losses
and the demand of the gopulation is being poorly met. In his speech at the meeting
of the aktiv A. F. U senko, the chief of this associ.ation, dwelt on the steps which
have been envisaged for eliminating these shortcomi.ngs.
Both the speaker and those who spoke during the discusaion talked about the need
to develop more rapidly the msterial and technical base of trade and to use better
the capital investments for ~his. The situation with this is far from well in the
oblast. During the past five-year plan alone assets, for which it would have been
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possible to build 10 large department atores, were not aesimilated. A aimilar
situation is also forming during the present five~year plan. At the same time in
the oblast there are 55,000 m2 of floor space and 45,000 seats for public dining
and capacities for the storage of about 40,000 tons ~f fruits and vegetables less
than the standard. The provision of the population with floor space in the cities
of Tula, Novomoskovsk and Ponskoy and in Bogoroditskiy, Zaokskiy, Leninskiy and U2~
lovskiy Rayons is low. There are especially not enough industrial good~s, furniture
and vegetable stores. The load in public dining per seat for the oblast is 14 peo-
ple, while in Bogoroditskiy Rayon it is 88 people, in Uzlovskiy Rayon--73 people ~nd
Yefremovskiy Rayon--38 people. Much work on the development of the public dining
network at industrial enterprises, construction projects and educational institu-
tions still lies ahead; there is much to be done in the countryside.
Trade organizations should perform much work on the renovation of enterprises,
their reequipment and the introduction of advanced trade technology. The task is
being set to increase labor productivity considerably, to mechanize and organize
labor in such a way so as to ensure the further development of the network of
stores and the commodity turnover without the attraction of additional manpower re-
sources.
V. I. Kupriyanov, chief of the Oblast Administration of Trade, dwelt on the means
of further developing the sector. He reported that a plan-program of the complete
~ationalization of state trade of the oblast had been recently approved by the
oblast soviet executive committee, the specialists of other trade systems and organ-
izations had taken part in drafting it. The plan calls for the construction and
placement inte operation of stores with a floor space of 36,000 m2, the renovation
of 72 existing stores, the creation of ll shops for the packaging of goods and. the
inci�ease of the level of the mechanization of labor to 33 percent. At the same
time the further specialization of operating trade enterprisas, the concentration
in cities of the sale of everyday demand goods at stores like the self-service de-
partment store and of technical complex items, fabrics, clothing and footwear and
goods of the children's assortment at specialized stores, department stores and
other large trade enterprises, and the expansion of the sale of large items by
models, with their delivery to the home of customers, are planned.
However, it should be emphasized that much organizing work, the persistence and
initiative of the managers of trade and the necessary assistance of the city and
rayon party committaes and the cir.y (rayon) soviet executive committees will be
required for this.
With the first steps of the implementation of the outlined measures on the complete
rationalization of state trade, V. I. Kupriyanov said, we were convinced that this
program should be an intersectorial one. For this reason, as well as taking into
account the exp~rience of other oblasts, for carrying out the effective monitoring
of its timely introduction, in our opinion, an interdepartmental council headed by
one of the deputy chairmen of the soviet executive committee should be set up in
the oblast soviet executive committee.
The need in Tula for a large modern department store arose long ago. Its construc-
tion was called for by.directive organs. However, the RSFSR Ministry of Trade is
not allocating assets even for the design work. The financing of the second section
of the fruit and vegetable base has been halted. Second Secretary of the Tula
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City Committee of the CPSU A. I. Afanas'yev indicated these and other needs. Hav-
ing told about the extensive program of setting up multipurpose subsidiary farms,
A. I. Fedorov, chief of the Department of Workers' Supply of Kireyevskugol', raised
the question of allocating for them the necessary technical equipment, equipment
for ho~-raising complexes and seed for hothouses. In his opinion, it would be
feasible to set up in the Oblast Administration of Agriculture a special division
which would coordinate this work. G. I. Katasonova, director of Store No 121 of
the Proletarskiy Rayon Food Trade Organization, spoke about the need for the im-
provemenc of the centralized transportation of goods, which faciliates the labor of
the workers of the counter. It is necessary to uae more extentively in practice
the sale of goods in packaged form, having fitted out a special shop for this, and
to introduce more rapidly means of inechanization, which would make it possible to
supplant manual labor and to increase the prestige of the occupation of salesper-
son. T. V. Nikolayeva, a cook of Dining Room No 8 of the Second Trust of Dining
Rooms (Tula), showed how profitable it is to centralize the preparation of con-
venience foods.
It is necessary to study in earnest the questions of improvement the structure
of the management of trade in the oblast. The formed arrangement of the adminis-
tration in many ways is obsolete and does not meet the requirements of the times.
Much parallelism in the activity of the local organs of the administration is being
_ permitted in the cities and rayons, which ie hindering the efficient use of re-
sources and tha material and technical base and is decreasing t~e responsibility of
- personnel for the state of the trade service of the population. In Leninskiy,
Belevskiy, Shchekinskiy and several other rayons a very large number of organiza-
tions have been involved in the functions of the organization of trade. Many of
_ them are small and are being used for the wrong purpose. The oblast soviet execu-
� tive committee, the Administration of Trade and the rayon and city party committees,
- V. M. Suslyak emphasized, must look into this and must approach from a state stand-
point the solution of the questions of the rearrangement of the management of trade.
The great amount of work on the designing and creation of the automated control sys-
tem of state trade of the oblast on the basis of the hardware of the computer cen-
ter of the Central Statistical Administration has to be continued.
Assignments on the improvement of the organization of labor, working conditi~ns and
labor safety procedures, the training of personnel, as well as other measures, which
provide for the strengthening of cost accounting, the tightening up of the policy
of economy, the assurance of the safekeeping of socialist property and the reduc-
tion of losses in trade, have been specified. All this should promote the increase
of the efficiency of the work of the sector and the level of the trade service of
the population.
At the meeting of the aktiv the correct conclusion was drawn: in order to achieve
the further increase of th.e quality of trade service, it is necessary to improve
the work with personnel and to tighten up order and organization in trade collec-
tives. There are many experienced and conscientious workers here. The work in the
ZapPChenskiy Rayon Food Trade Organization, in which the created party and party-
Komsomol groups are actively showing their worth and competition has been skillful-
ly organized, is being organized well. Other collectives and leading workera of
state trade and consumer cooperatives were named at the meeting. It ie necessary
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to disseminate advanced know-hov more co~sistentlq, to educate everqone on the
basis of the example of the best and to eradicate ahortcomiags more resolutely.
It is impossible also not to note the fact that as a result of poor educational
work at many enterprises the atandards of the service of workers are low. The
Cases of rudeness and an inconsiderate attitude toward customers, the putting ~~id~
of scare goods, their sale through personal connections, and at timea speculation
in them are arousing the 3ust indignation of the population. L. D. Bogachuk, chief
of the Administration for Combating the Embezzlement of Socialiat Property and
Speculation of the Oblast Administratian of Internal Affairs, indicated this in
- his speech.
The executives and specialists of the oblast trade systems are not engaged proper- '
ly in organizing work and are establishing shortcoffiings more than they are eliminat-
ing them. The party, trade union and Komsomol organizations should improve every-
where the work on the selection, placement and training of personnel, especially
of the middle level and of materially liable people, on the increass of the party
stratum among the leading occupatiuns of trade and public dining and on the increase _
of the level of organizing and political work. While the control and inspecting
organs, economic managers and the oblast council for the coordination of ~.udits
need to step up state, departmental and public monitoring of the work of trade
organizations and enterprises. Only by common efforts will we be able to achieve
the elimination of the existing shortcomings and the establishment of the proper
order in the activity of enterprises of trade and public dining.
Responsible tasks have been set for 1982 for the oblast trade workers. In order to
fulfill them, it is necessary everywhere to iacrease labor productivi_*.y, to improve
commercial work and to utilize fullq the available reserves. It is necessary to de-
velop extensively in the sector the socialist competition in honor of the 60th an-
niversary of the formation of the USSR, achieving a~high quality of the service of
the population. Careful preparation for the service of workers during the spring-
su~aer period is the priority task of trade Workers.
Measures on the further development of trade and the increase of the quality of the
trade service of the population of the oblast were outlined in the adopted resol~~~
tion.
7807
CSO: 1827/125
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CONSUMER GOODS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
~ EFFORTS TO GET NEW PRODUCTS TO MARRET DESCRIB~
Moecaw SAVEYNAYA PRO~lYSffi,,ENNOST' in Ruseian No 2. Mar-Apr 1982 pp 2-6 .
[Article by A. Ya. Yefimov, USSR firat deputy minister of light industry:
"Improving the Organization of Production of New Products"] .
[Te.xt] "The task is to raise the level of planning and ~
economic performance, to bring them into conformity with
the requirements of the preseut stage--the atage of ad-
vanced aocialism, to achieve a substantia? riae in the ef-
ficiency of social production, a faeter pace of acientific-
technical progreas and a riae of labor productivity, im-
provement of product quality and to achieve ~a that~basis a
steady advance of thc~ country's ecpnomy and the Soviet peo-
ple's proaperity." (From the decree af the CPSU Central
Committee and USSR Council of Ministers ent3tled "4n Im-
proving Planning and Strengthening the Influence of the
Economic Mechanigm on Increasing Production Efficiency and
" Work Quality")
The party's economic policy in the period of advanced socialism has been de-
fined by the 26th CPSU Congresa. It is aimed at a ateady rise of the material
a:~d cultural level of the people's living on the basis of dynamic development
of productiou, higher production efficiency, faster scientific-technical prog-
ress, and all-out improvement of the qualitq of work in all entities of the
national economy. Ligl~t industrq has an important placp in performing this
task.
In the years of the lqth Five-Year Plan the volume of phqsical output in-
creased 17.2 percent, and labor productivitq rose 17.8 percfnt. The entire
growth of output over the 5-year period (more than ~2 billion ruble~) w~a
achieveci by raising iabor productivity.
In carrying out the deciaione of the party and government, USSR Minlegprom
[Ministry of Light Industry] and the work collectives of entarprises in the
- sector have paid particular attention to increasing the output of acarce prod-
ucts, goode for which there is a mase deman~, and childrea's producta. All
thP induatry's subeectore experienced development duriag the lOth Five Yesr
Plan. Existing equipment was substantiallq renewed, full mechaaization of
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heavy and laborious processes wae carried out, introduction nf the c~mprehen-
eive product quality control eystem was completed at more than 1,500 enter-
prises, the syatem for product certification was improved, and fulfillment of
eight comprehensive standard~zation programs com~enced.
A great deat of organizational work has been done in the sector to improve the
quality and assortment of products.
The activity of the Esthetic Co~3.ssion for Clothing Fashion and Standards of
the Scientific-Technical Council of USSR Minlegprom--the body ~vhich coordi-
nates the work of styling, scientific research and designing organ{zations and
the base enterprises in the field of working out ~ promising direction for
fashion and developing the assortment of productr, has been developing accord-
ing to plan.
A comprehensive plan of efforts to improve the assortment o� goods of light
industry was adopted for the first time in the lOth Five Year Plan. It in-
cluded scientific-technical development projects to create new types of prod-
ucts from experimental prototypes of fabrics and materials to experimental
lots of finished products, which contributed to the manufacture of fundamen-
tally new products and to strengthening the relationship among the related
subsectors of the industry.
One of the priority tasks facing light industry in the current 5-year plan
continues to be �urther improvement ot the assortment and quality of products.
A number of ineasures have been drafted to perform this task. For instance, a
procedure has been defined for organizi.~g the production of new products
whereby the period of time from development to i:nitial production is less than
2 years. The follawing stages have accordingly been envisaged:
i. f irst stage--development of the prerequisites for a promising fashion line,
development of an assortment of fa~rics, materials and p~coducts in new styles
and colors and their delivery (~t all-union methods seminars) to styling orga-
nizations and base enterprises of the subsectors of the industry. Guided by
the decieions of the esthetic commission, the specialista of the related sub-
sectors of the industry create new prototypes of fabrics, materials and fin-
ished products on the basis of contracts f~r creative cooperation;
ii. the second stage of the effort--making up from these prototypes the lead-
ing and base collectione of fabrics, materiala and finished producta--clothing,
footwear and leather accessoriea. The aork i~ done so as to take into account
the rele~ant a~sortment groups, the direction of fashion and the promis3ng de-
_ velopmer.r of the product mix.
The decision on a promising direction for atyles and development of the as-
sortment, approved in a plenary meeting of the eathetic com~,nisaion, is the ba-
sis for the industry in creating stylish new goods. ,
The demand for these goods is for,aed and studied on the basis of the first ex-
_ perimental lof~s of goods and of particularly fashionable products, which are
- sold at negotiated prices in manufacturere' outlets as well as in reta3l trade.
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If organizations in the trade sector reach a favorable conclusion, the new
goods go to KhTS [artistic-technicsl councils] of the union republice and USSR
Minlegprom. There an assessment is made of their quality and the representa-
tive samples are approved. Industrial collections are made up of the approveri
representative samples of the new and current assortments, and the collecticng
are then certified before presentation at the wholesale trade fair.
So that the work on the assortment and quality is systematic, USSR Minlegprom
has drafted ~ointly with Goastandart [State Committee for Standards] a pioneer-
ing document--GOST [State Standard] 15.007-81 "System for Produc~ Development
and Putting Products Into Production. Products of Light Industry. Basic
Principles." The standard calls for the planned creation and introduction
into large-scale production of the new assortment of products for all subsec-
tors of the industry, as well as for their approval by the consumer. This ea-
sures that demand is created and studied before the product is put into pro-
duction.
In connection with L�he higher requirements which the industry is to meet in
the light of the decisions of the 26th CPSU Congress, USSR Minlegprom has out-
lined a large plan for further work on the creation, study and forecasting of
_ demand. Work in accordance with that plan, which began in the lOth Five-Year
Plan, has continued in the llth. The plan calls for expansion of the network
of manufacturers' outlets, for introduction of a system of comprehensive study
and forecasting of public demand for goods, and for conclusion of contracts
between industrial enterprises and the trade organizations concerning the cre-
ation and approval of the new assortment and the creation of demand for it.
In order to make a systematic study of public demand and the conditions of the
market, research was done in the lOth Five-Year Plan to study and prepare for
_ introduction in light industry the SRIPS [System for Comprehensive Study and
Forecasting of Public Demand] for woolen fabrics and garments made from :hem.
The resulte of this effort have in part been tested in the light industry min-
istries of LaSSR and RSFSR (city of Rostov-na-Donu).
The system provides for a procedure whereby information is gathered on demand
and is exchanged with ~r~anizations in the trade sector. The introduction of
SKIPS in a11 subsectors of light industry is continuous.
Fashion is becoming one of the important criteria of a product's value. When
~ fashionable new products are created. then, ~efore their large-scale produc-
tion begins, the demand for those goods has to be created first. It ie impor-
tant ro make extensive use of advertising and to organize promotion of new
products.
At this time, when the market for certain groups of products has become quite
saturated, the work of forming, studying and forecasting customer demand is
becoming especially important. Thie effort makes it poesible to achieve uiaxi-
mum balance between supply and demand and, as a result, to ensure fuller sat-
isfaction of the needs of the public for necessary products, which ultimately
determines production-efficiency.
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It ia toward that goal that manufacturera' outlets have been organized in
light induatry over the l~st 5 years. Their taek is to furnish a close link
between suppliers and coneumers. to improve zhe advertieing and promotion of
goods, and to raise the level of customer treatment. There are pow 65 s~ch
stores operating in the industry in all union republics; their euperience in~
dicates that they are having a constructive effsct on production. It ~.s in-
dispeneable that all new products be teated in these atores. The release of
the first experimental lota of goods and their sale (approval) need to be or-
ganized before submittal to the KhTS of ministriea and before approval of the
representative samples. In this case the queation of satisfying customer de-
mand will be resolved effectively and fewer errors will be made by putting
into large-ecale production goods for which there ie no demaad.
At the present time mare than 300 enterprises in the induatry have organized
experimental production operations and experimental sections for the manufac-
- ture of the first experimental lots of goods and especially fashionable arti-
cles. To make this work more efficient, the USSR State Committee for Prices
has approved the "Regulation on Procedure for Establiehing Negotiated Prices
on First Experimental Lots of Gc~ods and Especially Faehionable Articles and
for Differentiation of Trade Discounts." Th~ first experimental lots of a
product are sotd according to the technical conditione or descriptions ap-
proved by the directors of the organizations; the prices are set by agreement
- between the parties (the producer and consumer).
Definite experience has been acquired in organizing the production and sale of
goods on negotiated terms by certain enterprises of the light industry minis-
tries of RSFSR, LaSSR, ESSR, MSSR. UkSSR, KaSSR, TaSSR and ArSSR in 1980 and
_ 1981.
In ESSR goods have been sold at negotiated prices at nine enterprises and in
UkSSR at five.
In RSFSR especially fashionable articles have been manufactured by 95 enter-
prises, including 55 enterprises of the garment industry. Production associ-
ations and enterprises in Latvia and organizations in the trade sector have
concluded contracts for the manufacture and delivery of negotiated price~ of
articles under 52 designations, ia Armenia under 102 designations, including
articles belonging to 44 designations which were sold even in the first half -
of 1981.
A new regulation on the activity of the KhTS has been adopted in order to en-
hance their role and responsibility. The KhTS are the only body whose deci-
sion predetermines development of the assortment of goods and the style and
colors of products over the planning period. Under tl?is regulation the KhTS
of USSR Minlegprom approve representative samples of n~a fabrics and materi-
als. The representative eamples for finished products are approved by the
KhTS of the republic ministries, and the councils of USSR Minlegprom examine
only the actual groups of products. This is necessary so that it is possible
to work out a uniform artistic and technical orientation in development of
this assortment of goods and to ensure the manufacture of high-quality prod-
ucts, as well as to monitor the level of performance of RhTS pf ministries of
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the union republics. During the year about 60 councils are held at which the
best samples of products are selected aud approved.
In recent years comprehensive councils have become widespread in addition to
the sectorwi.de an.d special-topic councils. Their work is more effective,
since it affords the possibility of examining not only finished products, but
also all the materials necessary to produce the products.
- The experience of the LiSSR Minlegprom deserves attentton and widespread dis-
semination. A KhTS has been specifically aet up in the republic for children's
goods; twice a year it examines all new developments and the current assortment
of fabrics, materials and finished products simultaneQUSly. This makes it pos-
sible to quickly analyze the assortment of articles for chil~ren of various
ages and also to determine the need for replacement of outdated materials and
products.
The results of work on the aesortment serve as the baeis for creating indus-
trial collections, which are aubmitted at annual wholesale trade fairs. In
the llth Five-Year Plan provision has been made for further expansion and re-
newal of the assortment and for improvement of the quality of finished prod-
ucts on the basis of widespread introduction of new and improved models, opti-
mum use of high-quality raw materials and supplies, man-made fibers, progres-
sive methods of finishing, introduction o� new designs and styles, use of up-
to-date new fabrics (lightweight fabrics, mixed-yarn fabrics, and fabrics with
a nap), artificial leather, velour and split leather, and the use of high-
quality accessories.
On the basis of the comprehensive plan of efforts to improve the assortment of
products of light industry in the 1981-1985 period the ministries of the union
republics have drafted meaeures that call for expansion of the assortment of
finished products.
Thanks to performance of these measurea in the first year of the llth Five-
Year Plan the production of goods in the auperior quality category has in-
creased (their relative share is 13.5 perceat), as has the ahare of products
with improved quality bearing the index N(relative share 10 percentj.
The highest results in producing products bearing the state Quality Emblem
have been achieved by the enterprises ~f Armenia (24.2 percent), RSFSR (21.5
percent) and Lithuania (20.62 percent); for goods of improved quality beariag
the index N this has been done by enterprises of RSFSR (15.4 percent) and Lat-
via (14 percent).
We should eapecially note the light.minietry induetries of republics where a
rather high and almoet identical level of output has been achieved for prod-
ucts bearing the state Quality Emblem and the index N--these are RSFSk, BS3R,
LaSSR. ESSR and UkSSR. The performance of the enterprises of these republics
has been most valuable and effective.
We should also note that every year there ie a subatantial rene~wal of the as-
sortment of gooda produced at enterprises of Moldavia (57.6 percent) and
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Lithuania (57.3 pexcent). Their succesa has b~en sided by good organizational
work, high discipline in carrying out tasks, and wide~pread creative initia-
tive.
Ao~wever, while the effort that has been mad~ deservea f~vorable praise, we
cannot fail to speak about the serious shortcamings that still exist. We t,ave
to take into account that ia recent years there has been a sharp increase.ia
the purchasing power of the public, and fashions and market conditione have
changed. As a reault the volume of production and quality of a aumber of
goode in the induatry which have been attained no longer meet the demaade of
customers and of the trade sector.
In Uzbekistan and Georgia, for example, though the output of products.bear3.rtg
the state Quality Emblem is rather high, production of gooda of improv~d qual-
ity bearing the index N is only one-half or oae-third of that level, which
caste doubt on the correctnese of determining both the newness and also the
quality of products certified.
In 9 months of 1981 50 enterprises in the industry were deprived of the right
to release products belonging to 162 designations bearing~the atate Quality
Emblem.
Temporary prices (index N) were rescinded ahead of echedule on products be-
longing to 116 designations.
The ministries of the union r~publics should paq ~erious attention to see that
the renewal of producte is realistic. Every year a large number of new prod-
ucts are put into production. The rate of reaewal of the aesortment of goods
for the miniatries reached 57 percent in 1980. But only some of them are
awarded the state Quality Emblem and the index N(6-12 percent). Whea a truly
ne~w and improved product is put into production, it should as a rule be manu-
factured in the superior-quality category and with the index N.
The KhTS are continuing to perfo~ at a low level. The work of the KhTS in
certain subsectors of RSFSR Ministrq of Textile Industry and the m3nlegprom's
of RSFSR, UzSSR, AzSSR, GSSR. TaSSB, KiSSR and TuSSR deserves to be criticized.
The number of products re3ected by the RhTS of USSR Minlegprom and interdepart-
mental commissions following up on theae ministries is 40 percent.. In these
republics they are substantially hiking up the valuation of the level of prod-
uct quality. and that resulta in uasatisfactory preparation of induatrial col-
lections for fairs. This reaults in incomplete sale of goode for the planning
- period and accumulation of goods ia warehouses for which there is no deman3.
It is neressary to increase the level and reaponeibility of RhTS members for
the decisiona they make, the ob~ectivity of asaeesment of the products sub-
mitted for production, and correct determination of the newness of products so
as to take into account the relevance, economic efficiency and manufacturing
efficiency of their production.
Attention should especially be paid to correct determination of the level of
product newaeas. The RhTS determinee the newness (renewability) of a product
and places it among goods of improved quality bearing the index N. At the
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same time, according to data of the USSR Central ~tatistical Administration,
there is only one-tenth as many prod;~cte bearing ttie index N in the total vol-
ume of production. The minietries of sectors should find out what ~e t.he mat-
ter and guide the effort of the relevant authorities.
In order to enhance the role and responsibility of RhTS for introduction into
production of fabrics, materials and products of improved quality that meet
customers' requiremente, the Standard Regulation on the Artistic-Technical
Council of the USSR Ministry of Light Induatry has been adopted. Regulations
on the KhTS of USSR Minlegprom for the subaectors of the industry hsve been
drafted and approved on the basis of the standard regulation.
Ministries of union republics had an obligation to draw up the list of prod-
ucts on which they approve representative samples. But not a single republic
ministry has so far done so. Which accounts for the offenses which RhTS of
ministries of union republics are co~.i.tting in their work.
The level of organization of production of the first experimental lots of
products and especially fashionable articles at negotiated prices still remain
unsatisfactory.
Most ministries of union republics, industrial aseociations and enterprises
are slow to organize this effort. Production of such producta has not begun
at enterprisea of TuSSR and LiSSR, and their production is altogether inade-
quate in UzSSR and KiSSR.
Many light industry ministries of union republice issue planning targets to
subordinate enterprises without aseigaing them organizational measures and
physical resources.
USSR State Committee for Prices has granted permission to enterprises of the
sector to set negotiated retail prices on the bas3s of annual contracts with
manufacturers' outlets in the system of USSR Minlegprom before conclusi.on of
5-year agreements. But only certain enterprises have this permission. The
reason for the insignificant manufacture of new producta at negqtiated prices
is a failure to fu11y understand the importance of thie matter in a number of
republic organizations and the incorrect treatment of the regulation on proce-
dure for establishing negotiated prices of firet experimental lots of products
and especially fashionable artlclea.
For example, in UkSSR, BSSR and LaSSR the KhTS of ministries are even now
working ~ointly with trade. examining the assortment of goods and putting them
in the category of especially fashionable articles. This violation of the
regulation that has been approved is greatly holding up and delaying the ap-
proval of new goods at negotiated prices. The period from creation of proto-
types to introduction into production ia getting longer, so that the articles
are losing their newness.
Checks run in the republics by specialiste of USSR Minlegprom before the
wholesale trade fair in 1982 showed that in a number of union republics cer-
tain subsectors of the industry were workiag piecemeal in creating new
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products. Year after qear garmeat people have been preseratilag at the fa3r
- clothing made main~y from fabrice of the current aseor*~eat. Yet teactile peo-
ple are every qe~r renewing at least 700 out of the 3,SOA ty?pea of fabrice.
So far there is no aystematic and purpoaive tranafer of newlq developed fab-
rics and materials to garment and footwear enterprises in the republics. All
of this is bEing done with a lag of nearly a year.
If aes~ producta that correspond go the present fashion are to be manufactured
promptly, the creative collectives cf the industry have to be more responsive
in their work. They have to organize that work eo tnat not a single fabric,
material or product is created without a specific destination. In republi.c
ministries the administrations (divisioae) respoaeible for the assortment
s`iould take under their particular oversight the development of new fabrics
and materials, their transfer to related enterprises, and the manufacture of
new types of products from them.
The work to expand the network of the induetry's manufacturera' outlete in
BSSR, GSSR, LaSSR and ArSSR cannot be called satiefactory. Only one store has
been opened in AzSSR, TuSSR and ESSR. Unfortunately, we have in the industry
very few such stores as "Novinka" in Kiev and "Lotos" in Riga, where the inno-
vations of the industry are tested. All the othe~ stores have not yet become
a laboratory for shaping and studying the demand for new goods.
The party has given light industry importaat tasks in furnishing the necessary
aseortment of high-quality goods to our countrq's population. In order to
solve these taske, we have to substantially improve the organizational effort
_ and discipline in performance of tasks and expand the creative initiative of
the industry's specialists at ~11 levels.
COPYRIGHT: ZHURNAL "SHVEYNAYA PROMYSHLENNOST 1982
7045
CSO: 1827/117
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CONSUMER GOODS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
UDC 664.143"403" ~
CONFECTIONARY INDUSTRY ACHIEVII~~NTS, PLANS
Moscow KHLEBOPEKARNAYA I KONDITERSKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST' in Russian No 3, 1982 pp 4-5
[Article by N. S. Kudinova, Administratioa of the Confectionary and Sugar Starch
Industry of the USSR Minfstry of the Food Industry: "On the Davelopment of the
Confectionary Industry"] ~
[Text] In the speech of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Comrade �
L. I. Brezhnev at t~he November (1981) CPSU Central Cam~?ittee Plenum it was indi-
cated x.hat the food program--on both the economic and political level--is the cen-
tral problem of the llth Five-Year Plan. Its solution involves a high rate of
agricultural production and the intensive development of the sectors of industry,
which serve it.
The confectionary industry fulf~lled the 1981 plan by 100.6 percent. In all
3,742,500 tons of confectionary items were produced, of them 23,500 tons were in
excess of the plan. As compared with 1980 the output of products increased by
81,900 tons, or 2.2 percent.
The RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Belorussian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Kirghiz
SSR, Tajik SSR and Estonian SSR Ministries of the Food Zndustry achieved the grear-
est exceeding of the production plan. They also compietely fulfilled the addition-
al assignment. The plan was fulfilled by the Kazakh SSR Ministry of the Food In-
dustry by 100.5 percent, but the additional asaignment fell short by 500 tons.
The 1981 plan was not fulfilled by the Uzbek SSR, Georgian SSR, Aae~~aijan SSR,
Latvian SSR and Armenian SSR Ministries of the Food Induatry. For the most part
this was due to the inadequate supply or the uneven supply of several types of raw
materials, particularly molasses, dairy products, fats, phosphatides, essences and
vanilla. At the same time the growth rate of the production of output with respect
to 1980 in some of these~republics ~as higher than for the sector as a whole. ~Thus,
for the Georgian SSR Ministry of the Food Yndustry it was 3.5 percent, the Azer-
bai~an SSR Ministry of the Food Industry--3.0 percent, while for the USSR Ministry
of the Food Industry it was 2.2 percent. The Ukrainian SSR, Kazakh SSR, Lithuanian
SSR, Moldavian SSR, Tajik SSR and Turkmen SSR Min3str~.es of the Food Industry have
a sufficiently high rate.
The plan on sold products was fulfilled by the sector by 101.4 percent, the in-
crease as against 1980 was 2.9 percent. A significant amount of retail products
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was additionally produced as a result of the improvement of the assortment. For
the RSFSR Ministry of the.Food Industry, for example, ~n the amount o� 27 milYion
rubles with an assignment of 7 million rubles, ~or the Ukrainian SSR Ministry of
the Foad Industry in the amount of 12 million rubles as against 7 million rubles.
The improvement of the structuxe of the 3ssortment made it possible to inr_rease gA
cou~pared with 1980 the production of candies and glazed chocolate by 4.8 percent
(to 373,000 tons), chocolate, toffee and candied fruit and fruit paste items re-
spectively by 24.5, 8.5 and 4.8 percent. I,ocal, nontraditionaZ types of raw mate-
rials were used: apple powder, meal made from.puffed groats, puree made from
wiid apples, pawder made from grape seeds, puree made from beets and carrots and
from mountain ash, recooked carrots and beets and others. However, the production
volumes of items with the use of local types of raw materials are still small. The
reserves, which promote the efficient consumption of raw materia~s, particularly "
cocoa beans, were not put completely to use.
The yield of ground cocoa from cocoa beans on the ave.raRe for the sector is 83 per-
cent. At the same time at the,Trostyanets Ukraina Planc it was 81.6 percent, at
the Aktyubinsk and Alma-Ata factories--81.7 percent, at the K_sybyshev Rossiya Fac-.
tory--84 percent. The yield of cocoa butter from ground cocoa for the sector is
45.3 percent. The highest yields were achieved by the Kuybyshev Roasiya Factory--
47.8 percent, the L'vov Svetoch Factory--47.2 percent, the Karaganda Factory--
47.6 percent, this indicator is more than 46 percent at the Gor'kiy Association,
the Perm' Factory, the Khar'kov Oktyabr' Factory, the Trostyanets Ukraina Plant
and the Vinnitsa Factory. The increase of the yield of cocoa butte�r from 1,000 tons
of processed cocoa beans by 1 percent makes it possible to produce in retail prices
products worth 380,000 rubles. Consequently, the increase of this indicator at
enterprises with low yields to the average sectorial indicator will increase the
retail commodity turnover by approximately 6.7 million rubles a year.
At some enterprises the content of cocoa butter in the commercial and production
cocoa cake also considerably exceeds the~recipe norm. In particular, at the Yere-
van Confectionary and Macaroni Combine, the Yangiyul' Lazzat Association, the
Kirovabad Association, the Alma-Ata, Aktyubinsk and Kustanay fact~ries.
The work on changing the assortment of items containing cocoa products, particularly
with respect to the group of chocolate and chocolate items, was carried out inade-
quately.
Thus, the output of choco].ate without additives (SporL, Detskiy, Vanil'nyy) in-
creased in 1980 as compared with 1979 by 2,100 tons, or 24 percent, while as com-
pared with 1978 it increased by 3.5-fold.. The ;~roportion of chocolate without ad-
ditives in its to~al output is highest at the Rot Front Association, Lenkondprom,
the Frunze, Dushanbe and Yangiyul' factories and the Tbilkonditer Association. At
the same time a number of enterprises are not producing at all cocoa-consuming
chocolate without additives: the Gor'kiy Association, the Ufa Factory, the Trostya-
nets Ukraina Plant, the Kaunas Factory, the Tallinn Kalev Factory and the Kirovabad
Assoc iation.
In all 16 enterprises of the sector produce Assorti candies. Here the consump-
tion of cocoa beans per ton of candies ranges from 510-540 kg (the Kuybyshev Ros-
siya Plant and the Karaganda Plant) to 875 kg (the Dushanbe Shirin Plant) depending
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on with what filling the Assorti is produced. Cocoa beans are being consumed most
efficiently at the Kuybyshev Rossiya Association as a result of the high yields of
~round cocoa an3 cocoa butter, which have~been achieved here, and~the proper
selection of the assortment.
For 1982 it is planned to produce 3,?62,000 tons of con_�ectionary items. For the
purpose of improving the assortment and improving the product quality assignments
have been est~blished for the ministries of the f.ood industry of the union repub-
lics on the I~roduction of candies, glazed c`~ocol.ate, with cream, liqueur, fruit,
whipped and combined fillings (145,000 tons), caramels with liqueur, creann, whip-
ped, milky and cooling fillings (294,000 tons), rich cookies, pulled cookies,
cookies like Yubileynoye, Zemlyanichnoye and Raduzhnoye, crackers and biscuits
(200,000 tons).
The basic directions of the development of the sector for 1982 are the following:
the maxi~um saving of raw material and material resources by the reduction of
losses at all the stages of the production, storage and transportation of raw
materials and materials and the improvement of accounting an:3 monitoring;
the decrease of the sugar content of items, primarily as a result of the change of
the assortment of cookies, caramels and cand'iea. In the group of cookies it is
necessary to decrease the production of the varieties Shakhmatnoye, Chaynoye,
K chayu, Populyarnoye, Oktyabr' and Sakharnoye with a consumption of more than
230 kg of sugar per ton and to increase the output of cookiea with a sugar content
of up to 200 kg (Rucheyek, Polyanka, Yabloko, Garmoniya, Zenit);
the efficient use of cocoa products, which envisages the increase of the yield of
cocoa butter; the decrease of its content in commercial cocoa cake to 17 percent
and in production cocoa cake to 12 percent; the decrease of the output of c:hoco-
late without additives and of Assorti with chocolate-consuming fillings;
the extensive use of local types of raw materials, whey--concentrated and dry,
fruit and vegetable powders, puffed groats, soybean and bleached f lour, surface-
~ active substances, fruit and berry half-finished products and so on.
Assignments on the introduction o~ standard plans of the organization of labor and
the brigade form of the organization of th~ stimulation of labor with allowance
made for the coeff icient uf labur participation have been estgblished for the min-
istries of the food industry of the union republics for the purpose of the economy
of manpower resources and the improvement of the organization of labor.
The workers of the confectionary industry of the country will do sverything in
order to accomplish the tasks set by the November (1981) CPSU CenCral Committee
Plenum.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Legkaya i pishchevaya promyshlennost "Khlebopekarnaya
i konditerskaya promyshlennost 1982
7807
CSO: 1827/93 E~
18
FOR OFF~CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500080063-9