THE CHEMISCHE FABRIK GRUNAU

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R003900020006-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 20, 2002
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: November 29, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

L ?
NG. 51.61
1949
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CLASS IF Iu,I~rlUN S t ",
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
25X1A
SUBJECT The Chernisohe Fabrik Grenau.
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF ACQUIRED
-'s: 0.. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO-
$OURCE
1
?
25X1A
REPORT NO.
CD NO.
25X1A
DATE DISTR. 29 Nov. 1949
NO. OF PAGES
NO. OF ENCLS. 1
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
. Inclosed are p aotostated copies of a comprehensive report about the Chet iische
Germs (Russian Zone)
F'abrik Grt nau, Berlin-IGrt1nau, Re attastrasse 35, a people-owned chemical fac-
tory belon,T"1nr, to the association of people-owned factories of the phar. ceu-
tical industxry (V73 Pharma), Tie. Lle/5aale, TrothArstrasee 35.
. The report is divided into six parts:
a. Plant history' and present status
b. Technical and political or -anization of the plant
c. Employees al
d. Prod-action pro
e. Turnover and markets
f. Reparation deliveries and Soviet day tor. ent orders
3. This report is sent to you, for retortion.
ncslas 1 report (13 pages)
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25X1X
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FU&U16l Helmut slymall
25X1A
Source:
GRU&HAU, TIN (PEO?I ..OWN )) C +II CAL FACTORY,
ALL : x-t ruenau. Raattastrasse 31.
This report consists of the following parts:
1. History.
11. Plant Organization and Political Organization.
III. bployses.
IT. Production Program.
V. Bales and Markets.
VI. Russian Deliveries.
5~ story.
The Gruenan firm was founded in 1880 (approximately) for the manu-
facture of intermediate products for the paint industry (e.g. naphtol
for the Hoechst paint factory) by the chemist Landsdorff and Meyer.
After World War I a merger of the firm with the Balser chemical
factory took place, the production of pharmaceuticals, textile by-
products, and construction by-products was started. A clash with the
"Degussa" (German gold and silver separation plant, belonging to the
I.G. tarben combine) occurred when the firm made use of chemist Dr. Arndt's
patents on trea$r nt of metal surfaces. Due to financial difficulties of
the Gruenau chemical factory during the inflation, one-third of the Meyer
family's stock ownership went into the hands of "Degussa". The Meyers
left Germany after 1933 and "Degussas obtained the balance of their
Gruenan stocks.
Production was increased during World War II and the manufacture of
uranium metal from pitchblende was started on a large scale. At that time
the factory employed over 1,000 workers. About 60 per cent of the factory
was damaged by air attacks in spring 1945, and the surface treatment depart-
ment and all the uranium installations, as well as the company's own power
25X1A
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tion of people-owned pharmaceutical enterprises) as a zonal factory fall
factories of great importance to the zone ere not administered by the
city or province, but are classified as zonal factories and are under
direct supervision of the German Economic Commission). However, only
part of the factory's production is really within the framework of VTB-
Pha. Presumably the incorporation into the pharmaceutical industry
was done purposely in order to deceive outsiders about the real importance
of the factory's products.
erlin administration in summer 1949 and came under YYB-Pharma (assooia-
plant, were fully dismantled after the iced Army occupied Berlin.
Sequestration of what was left of the factory was carried through
in 1946 by the district office - Bezirksamt ? {property of combines):
while in 1947 the DTY (German trusteeship administration for sequestrated
and seised capital in the Soviet sector of Berlin, Berlin W 8, Franzoe-
sische Strasse 47) took the factory over and appointed a trustee. The
factory was officially expropriated and declared a people-owned factory
on 2 Aug 1949 by a decision of the Ostmagistrat (Eastern Magistrat) but
remained under DTV's administration. The factory was taken from the
11. a za ion Political Or s i
technical supervisor: Dr. Hintze, a chemist who has been working for the
factory for many years. He is not a member of the SAD, and only pro-
forma the supervisor.
oloree relations: Hopp, a professional met-,-1 worker, is about 45 years
old and has been workinr in the metal industry for over 25 years. He
was appointed in August 1949, under pressure of the SED, because of
political difficulties with the employees. Hopp, a long-time German
Communist Party number is considered a strict follower of the "party
"ine". He is not happy with this job and the employees object to him.
lualuele suvorvvtsor: On leave at present. No decision has been made as
to who will replace his. Presumably someone will be appointed by the
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German Boonomic Commission or by VTB-Pharma.
The organization in the factory is alone the same line as any normal
producti,n organization in a chemical plant (see Chart 1) without any
special characteristics. However, it is interesting to observe the
unusually strong union and political influences in this enterprise.
As far as the organization of the factory is concerned the actual leader-
ship is in the hands of the BOL (Betriebsgewerkschaftsleitung- plant
union leadership, responsible to the 1WB, which gives the necessary
directives). The 3GL personnel, in turn, is subordinate to the head of
the work group (Betriebsgruppe) of the M. This organizational set-up
is shown in Chart 2, and is not generally known in the plant; the charts
are only in the ht.nds of the head personnel of the factory, the BGL, and
the Sl A work group). It is not in their interest to let this set-up
be known to outsiders since it is not desired that the so-called middle-
class parties (File and CDU) should demand to have some influence, too.
All incoming and outgoing mail, every directive of the plant leadership.
all statistical data, every production plan, etc. must be shown to the
BGL. As to the outgoing mail, the BGL marks only the copies remaining
in the plant, so that it can remain in the background as far as outsiders
are concerned.
In spite of great propaganda efforts only 60 per cent of the employees
belonged to the FWD in 1947. But strong personal pressure and individual
disciplinary action. as well as special payments to FDt3 members, per-
suaded all but nine of the plant employees to join the FDQB. These nine
persons are experts, who have been with the firm for many years, and can-
not be dispensed with for practical reasons.
The SID work groups consisted of only l4 members in summer 1947.
Propaganda and various kinds of personal measures, as well as preferential
Jobs in the middle and higher brackets, given to communists who follow the
party line", brought the number of members in this group to 48.
The following details can be added to chart 2 (political and social
organization of the plant):
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The Wsrksicherheltskommission (plant security commission) consists
of 6 persons (5M-members) and was created because of inereasin: thefts
(primarily in the pharmaceutical department): it continuously carries
out personal check-ups during working houjs and at quitting time. The
wages commission (Lohnkomsciesion) is in a difficult situation. In accord-
&nce with a German Fconomie Commission directive at least 50 per cent of
all workers - including those in the chemistry Industry - should be paid
according to the production wage scale (Leistun ;slohn) by the and of 1949.
But all technical and organizational prerequisites for this measure are
lacking; in this factory and for this reason all wages have been and are
being paid on an hourly rate in all departments of the factory. Finally
a T-A-N office was introduced, which is charged with i~aorkin? out the
basis for the introduction of a production wage scale (p`coe-work wages).
The people responsible for this job are in an unenviable position; they
talk about things without being able to change them. The employee rela-
tions commission (8osialkommission) has introduced several good measures
for the benefit of the employees, e.g., their own tailoring repair shop,
shoemakers, etc. Since factory operations were very profitable from
1946 to 1948 (particularly in the cosmetics department and with some
newly produced drugs) it was possible to spend sizeable amounts for the
above-mentioned benefits.
III, r
More than 1,000 persons were =played in the plant when the war ended.
At present the working force numbers close to 4001 its composition can
be seen from chart 3.
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Composition of 'c,rkinr; force is September 1949
To %fil
WJ tt it Workers.
In leading positions
6
Office personnel
27
29
56
123
(31%)
Technical personnel
42
19
61
Professionals 73
73
Job-trained workers 57
57
274
(69%)
Workers, non-professional 44
Trainees 9
134
Total
238
139
397
In per cent
65
35
100
The percentage of white-collar workers (31%) is unusually high (the
average percentage for Germany was 18.5% in 1936, 9% technical and 9.5%
office personnel). this is partly due to overstaffing of administrative
positions with reliable MM-members for political reasons (see section Ii),
and also to poor exploitation of the plant's capacity, caused by material
shortages and difficulties connectee' -ith the marketing of important pro-
ducts.
The greater part of the employees have been working; in the plant for
many years. Leading personnel of the factory complain that this has paused
the overaging of personnel, but they cannot get any - or at least very
few - additional workers. An effort has been made for months to find two
chemists with academic background, but to no avail.. There are hardly any
coopers for the barrel department available, and not even trainees can
be found for this profession.
The plant employs 10 trainees at present and was told by the PYB and
the German Xconomic Commission to institute a training shop for 80 trainees
by the end of the year. However, the necessary instructors are not avail-
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able for this program and the amount of T,., -t-47 necessary for equipment
has not yet been allotted.
`i'he plant area is quite large, but all the buildings are very old
and because of the substantial bomb damage the impression one gets is a
very unfavorable one.
Only about 40 per cent of the buildings have been repaired so far and
these are dispPreed all over the plant area. Stone barracks with wooden
roofs were erected. from rubble at inaccessible '-4 ces, making transporta-
tion more difficult than necessary or than it would have been with timely
and rational area planning. Coal consumption is unusually high and
naturally the effects of this and other similar circumstances on the
;pomp?titive position of theJkctory are very unfavorable.
The ;production program includest
1. Heavy chemicals.
2. a) pharmaceuticals and b) cosmetics,
3. Basic materials for washing agents,
4. By-products for the textile industry, and
5. By-products for the construction industry.
1. vir Qkajsajs (lot main branch of production).
Production consists of borax, boric acid, potassium bromide. sodium
bromide, potassium iodate, and similar products. The most important
product is boric acid, required for the manufacture of bleaching and.
cleaning materials (*Persil"), Jena glass, glassing for porceelr in and
pottery, boric ointment, synthesis of precious stones, anu e1e0trolytic
condensers.
For the last two requirements the boric acid must be of extreme purity,
and since Qisfactory is the only one that can supply boric acid of a
quality adequate for the production of elec trolytl c condensers , i t is 2f
A detailed description of the
production process follows and can also be seen from sketch 4.
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f boric acid (high
purity).
The raw material, known as boracite, is transported by rail fron the
vicinity of Strasafurt to Berlin and then hauled to the factory in trucks.
A precise qualitative and quantitative analysis is made in the No. 1
laboratory at the arrival. of every delivery. At first, the boracite,
which is delivered in large pieces, passes through a crusher where it
is broken into fist-slse pieces. Then a conveyor belt carries it to
the pebble mill where it is crushed into powder form. The powder than
goes to the first mixing trough. There a solvent and concentrated sul-
phuric acid are added and the mixture is heated to about 950 (centigrade)
by blowing in steam. The timing for every solvent and ,?id charge is
j;iven separately by the laboratory, depending on the amount of foreign
natter aacertained by the laboratory's analysis; there is danger of froth-
ing over luring the mixing process if the carbonic acid content is too
high. The capacity of the first mixing trough is 7 cubic meters. After
solution is complete, sulphuric acid is added until the mixture shows a
weak acid reaction.
A thorough mixing process is carried on in the second mixing trough
and at the same time the temperature is lowered to 400 (centigrade). When
this temperature has been reached, compressed air drives the solution to
the filter press; the solution passes through it, is thorougily cleaned of
floating particles, and. is brought to the cold-mixing trough, where the
temperature is brought down to 10 - 15? (centigrade) during the mixing
process. The boric acid crystallizes out at this stage. The residue
in the filter press is quantitative analysed and if the H,30--content
is over 4 per cent it goes through the washing process again. The solu-
tion then goes from the cold mixing trough to a suction filter, where the
solvent flows off - to be re-used in the first mixing trough. The boric
acid remaining in the auction filter is pre-dried in a centrifuge and
becomes the so-called ,mow Via.>ric acid, with a 90 - 92 per cent E3203 purity.
At this stage every charge is again analysed in order to obtain the,neces-
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Gary to decide on further processing.
In order to dissolve the raw boric acid, distilled water ,.nd stowa
are added in the condensing trough, r:,Cnin f:'_' cued by cold-stirring; for
crystallising out, after-*" which the solution is brought to another
suction filter. The solvent which flows off at this point cannot be,re-
used and is piped off. The crystalline residue is again pre-dried in a
centrifte and analysed. If the purity is still inadequate the solution
has to go through another crystallising process. The crystals, predried
in the centrifuge, are spread thinly over cloth screens sent through
a tunnel dryer encased in stoneware. The msximun tunnel temperature is
70e (centigrade)= if the temperature is higher the boric acid first turns
yellowish and then gaiolr1.y turns beown. The now highly pure and dried
boric acti. is again granulated through a sieve and then poured into
barrels.
Production of Doric acid is actually the only branch of production
carried on continuously because material shortages are cosuparative%, rare,
even t:bou ;h tthe sulphuric acid svrpply is often quite tight.
c (tad main branch of production)
Production facilities and laboratories are dispersed in the area and
the impression ,no gets from the whole plant is not one of a manufacturing
enterprise, but of a large laboratory with a series of analysing depart-
ments. Material shortages are very groat and as far as medical prepara,-
tions are concerned, only small amounts are produced at any ons time.
Cleanliness and carefulness prevail, but the space arrangements are
cluttered and the production organisation is terrible. The department
head (pharmacist troll) is an elderly gentleman, who apparently purposely
lets a certain disarrangement prevail so that it will be difficult to
replace him and so that nobody acs tell him what to do. The usual pro-
Auction program includes the followings
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Agrenal A powder for treatment of gastric catarrh, intestinal
troubles, ulcers, heart-burn, and similar ailments.
Relpin and Tonic for intramuscular injections (ampoules).
Arsen-Relpiu
Jigrol A bismuth,-oil suspension for treatment
Colsii
Fibrex
Euglissin
Beuspiran
pssimol
diofor
Titretta
analgica
Tugrilin
Viouan
Iafegrol
Fang rol
and syphilis.
Tablets against radiotoxemia.
Anti-neuralgia tablets.
Mild laxative in tablet
of angina
Circulation tonic in form of ampoules.
For rheumatism.
Disinfectant for mouth and throat in form of tablets.
Analgesic tablets.
Cough syrup
Tablets for infectious intestinal catarrh.
Room disinfectant.
High-grade disinfectant.
Bottling and packaging of medications is carried through in a very
primitive manner, by hand, and there is a lack of any sensible division
of labor which could improve the productivity of the workers. Two auto-
matic presses and one hand-operated press are available in the tablet-
pressing department (which is very neatly equipped); this department is
housed in a large hall, wasting expensive space. The work conducted is
not rational and the whole system is out out more like a laboratory than
a factory. Disinfectants are produced in a special building because of the
strong odor of the materials they process (oresol).
!h,e 906 410102 denar"ent has been installed since 1945 and is located
t1 newly erected barrack, built of rubble, slightly aside from the main
plant area. Up to 100 persons (mostly women) worked in this department
until June 194$, the time of the currency reform. low the deps.taent is
almost completely shut down due to the difficulty in marketing their products.
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Xvery now and then they produce some skin cream (against sunburn), boric
ointment (which actually belongs to the pharmaceutical department, but
is produced here because of the availability of the ointment stirring
machines), tooth paste, and shampoo, with ten women doing the bottling and
packaging. Production of good perfumes would be possible but cannot be
carried out for price reasons. Aromatic materials (esteric oils) would
have to be imported from France at a price of about 1,200 Eastmarks per
s a a for waghiqA e s.
This department's main Job is to further process raw boric acid.
Work is carried on at 25 per cent of capacity.
4 &Mgroduoll orh industry.
Various types of dressing a.nd finishing materials for the spinning and
weaving industry are produced, mainly from albumen solvents. Great amounts
of animal intestines (not suitable for use in the food industry, e.g.,
sausages), and waste materials from slaughterhouses and the leather
industry, are being processed. (Should this processing work be of any
25X1 X special interest,
in a later report) Generally speaking, this production process does not
differ from known processes along that line.
r s for th d
Main products in this department are additives for cement and concrete,
which hasten or shorten the binding process. Since,
25X1X is nothing to add to this process
not go into it any furt"ner.
(A special report on it will be furnished upon request.)
T. SALMS 92 - TS.
Sales in 1948 amounted to 63 per cent of the 1936 sales.
must allow for the fact that in 1948 the sales of cosmetics played an
important part since prices were unusually high in this department. The
actual comparative value is between 35 and 40 per cent. The firm's world
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export market was substantial (more than 40 per cent of its production
was exported) and its products were exported as far as Asia and South
America. The Scandinavian countries, the Balkans, and Switzerland were
its main customers in Europe.
Some additional export agreements have just been concluded, but they
are unfavorable as far as prices are concerned and otherwise. A large
order of various heavy chemicals was shipped to Sweden recently, but the
quality of the shipment was objected to after its arrival. A price
reduction had to be granted on several items, and a large quantity of
sodium biamide is being returned. The TYB-Pharma accused the plant leader-
ship of sabotage, and they in turn blamed the workers. A correct explana-
tion will be possible only after the goods are returned to the factory.
otherwise there are no marketing difficulties encountered as far as heavy
chemicals are concerned, and boric acid in particular is produced and
easily sold in large quantities. On the other hand the bromine and iodine
are being used up, and the danger exists that individual departments will
have to shut down. This, however, is opposed by the YYB directive to
increase production to 80 per cent of the 1936 value by the end of 1950.
PMEmacogliggl dgMimelil is working at 60 per cent of capacity.
Even though the inventory stock has reached the equivalent of two months
of production, no serious marketing difficulties are expected. Competition
from Western Germany and the lack of interzonal trade is being felt to
a great degree, particularly since the medical preparations coming into
the sonar via Berlin are qualitatively very good and sometimes even better
than the Oruenau products.
YI. RUSSIAN D1LIYERIES.
After the dismantling of the surface treatment department and the
uranium production installation, the Soviet Military Administration per-
mitted the factory to continue its production with hardly any interference.
No Soviet plant officer was appointed and there are only very few repara-
tion orders on hand at present, e.g., for small amounts of highly pure
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boric acid. On the other hand, heavy demands were made on the pharma-
ceutical department by occupation troops. Until a few weeks ago, a
Russian Major, named Cheryakov, from a medical unit of an army group -
which seems to be stationed in Mecklenburg - appeared frequently.
Special medications (laxatives, anti-worm remedies, a strong ointment
against a certain skin disease, etc.) had to be developed in a hurry.
(The Russians are almost always in a hurry whenever they want something.).
It was never possible to find out where the major was stationed or where
the deliveries went. While work was carried on to fill the orders given
by the major he appeared at the factory almost every week, and he
ordered his mail sent to his District Kooomandatura; however,, he himself
was never seen there. Whenever deliveries were ready he came with his
car and one or two trucks, had the goods loaded, paid in cash, and left.
In addition, standard medications were bought regularly for cash
by Red Army units. These seemed to be regular medical supplies for the
occupation troops.
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- 1 -
V E B Chemische `'abrik GrUnau, Bln.-Grtinau, i-_egattastr.35
Gliederun ?ea I. Vorgeschichte his zum heutigen Stand
Berichtea
II. Betriebliche u. politische Jrganidation d.Jetriebes
III. Belegschaft
IV. 'abrikationsprogramm
V. Umsatz and Hbsatzgebiete
VI. Hussische Lieferungen
I. Vorgeschichte bis zum keutigen Stand.
Die Firma wurde etwa 1880 gegrtindet von den Chemikern Landedorff
and Meyer zur Heratellun? von Zwiechenprodukten fUr die Parbenin-
dustrie (z. B. Naphtol fair die Parbenfabrik in Htichst).
Nach der,, ersten 'Veltkrieg erfolgte sine Fusion mit der chemisohen
Fabrik Balzer and dealt die dufnahme der Fabrikation von pharmazeu-
tisohen Prdparaten, Textilhi:teetoffen and Zuedtzen fair die Baustoff-
indu.strie. Duroh die 4tuswerttuig von Patenten des Chemikers Dr.Arndt
fiber Verfahren zur Oberfldohenbehandlung von Metaile n entetand sine
Kollieion mit den Interesaen deli "Degussa"(Deutsohe Gold- and
Silberscheideanstalt, gehdrte zum Konzern IG-Parben). Pinanzielle
Sohwierigkeiten der ChemPabrik GrUnau wdhrendder Inflation fUhrten
dezu, daS die Degussa 2/3 des Aktienbesitzes von der Fasilis Meyer
tibernahm. Naoh 1933 wanderten die Meyers sue and die Degussa er-
warb den Rest der Aktien.
Adhrend des letzten Kra ges words die Fabrikation erweitert and die
Erzeugung von Uranmetall aus Peohblende in grtS13erem Umfange auf ge-
nommen. Dae Unternehmen besohdf tigte damals fiber 1000 Pereonen. In
Frtihjahr 1945 words die Fabrik duroh Bombenachaden zu oa 60% zer-
atii i and naoh Besetzung von Berlin duroh die Rote Armes wur1en die
Abteilungen ftir Oberflaehenbehandiung and die ganzen Urananlagen
sowie die eigenen Kraftanlagen vollstandig damontiert.
1946 erfolgte die lequestrierung des restlichen Betriebes zunachst
duroh das Bezirksamt (Konzernbermtsgen), 1947 tibernahm die DTV
(Deutsche Treuhandverwaltung des sequestrierten and beechlagnahmten
Yermdgens in eowjetischen Sektor der Stadt Berlin, Berlin W 8,
Frunzbsisehe etr.47) das internehmen and setzte einen Treuhander
sin; am 8.2.1949 wurde der Betrieb durch 3eschlu3 des Ostmagistrates
offiziell enteignet and ale Volkseigentum erklcirt, er blieb aber
i
25X1
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zun chat nosh uriter DTV-Ver,.:altung. Im Sommer v.,,,,, e er aus der
Berliner Verwv::tung herausgenommen urld kam ale ~etrieb (alle
solche Betriebe, die fur die Zone von besonderer {edeutur..; rind,
werden nicht im Rahmen de9"".-tadt oder des Lan,~.es verwaltet, sondern
ale zon a Betriebb direkt von der D'\T'K gesteuert) zur VVB-Pharma
(Vereinigung volkseigener 3etriebe der Pharmazeutik), wo er aber
nui mit einem Teil seiner Produktion richtig eingegliedert idt. Ver-
mutlich erfolgte die rinordnung bei der pharmazeutischen tndustrie
absichtlich zwecks Irrefiihrung nach auBen fiber die eigentliche
Bedeutung deb '-'roduktion.
II. Betriebliche and politisohe Organisation.
Die Geschaftsleitung.be8teht aus dem _.
Techn' Biter Dr.Hintze, der~Chemiker~und seat vielen Jahren im "fork
tatig isi`.1 Er Jet nioht Mitglied der BED and eigentlioh
nur f ormell der Gesamtleiter.
Sozialdirektor Hopp, ein gelernter M`etallarbeiter, etwa 45 Jahre alt
and seat fiber 25 Jahren in der Metallindustrie tatig
gewesen. Er wurde erst irn August 1949 auf Betriioen
der BED eingesetzt, da sioh mit der Belegeohaf t auf
politiachem Gebiet Schwierigkeiten ergeben hattenj
Hopp Jet alter KPD-Mitglied and gilt ale atreng
"linientreu". Er ftihlt sioh auf seinem Posten nicht
Behr wohl and wird von der Belegsohaf t weitgehend
abgelehnt.
Kaufmann.Leiter Jet z.Zt. bourlaubt; die Neubeaetzung des Porten
fat noch nicht gekla't, Voraussichtlich wird die DWK
Oder VVB-Pharma einen Mann stollen.
Die Betriebsorganisation entspricht den Belangen eines normalen
Produktionsbetriebes er chemischen Industrie (siehe Bild 1) ohne
besondere MMerkmale. Ls ist aber interesuant feetzustelien, daB
gerade in diesem Jetriebe der gewerkscha^tl'iche and politische Ein-
fluB ungew6hnlich stark ist and dal die tigentliche Leitung des
'erkes schon rein organisatoriach in den :tanden der BGL (Betriebs-
gewerkschaf teleitung, die dem FDGB verantwortlich ist and von dort
ihre eisungen erhalt) liegt; these wiederum ist personlich Behr
stark abhiingig von derv Vorsitzenden der Betrio.bsgruppe der 3'-ID. Die
ganzen Zusar:unenhange sind in Bild 2 auf gezeichnet. :iieser rlxn ist
im ' erk nicht allgemein be3.annt and befinde rich nur in i3Lnden der
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-3~
B i l d 1
Teohnisohe
Leitung
oregure-
etrieb
eros-
Betrieb
auhi if sa Labor
Betrieb
Textilm.
Betrieb
PYlaroas.
Abteilg.
Text
tabor
Sosial-
Direktion
Kaufmdnn.
Leitung
OrAanisationsplan-des
------------ -
Geach?1fte_u_Produktionebetriebee
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tiberwiegender od. betor.ter BinfluB der :SD-Betriebegruppe neben der BGL
Verkleitung neben der BGL
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a escha_'taleitung, der 3GL and der JED- etriebsgruppe. an legt dort
keinen '.ert daraw, da3 diese usanmei,h:.nge so nach au3en bekannt
werden, du man nicht wttnacht, daS eventuell die sog;enannten BUrger-
lichen Parteien (FDP and CDU) abenfalla ==influinahme fordern. Die
gesamte ein- and riusgeh(:nde oat, jede Anweisung der erkleitung,
jede Statistik, jeder ;'roduktionsplan usw muB der BGL vorgelegt
werden. iei der ausgehenden ioat zeichnet diese meist nur auf den
im .erk verbleibenden Durchschlagen ab, um nach au'3en its Hinter-
grundsbleiben zu kdnnen.
Trotz lebhafter Propagxnddt war 1947 eret gegen 60~ der 3elegschaft
im FDGB orkanisiert. Brat durch etarken perstinlich n Druck and
einzelne Ma3regelungen Bowie bevorzugte Verteil,:nt; von Sonderzu-
wendungen an die PDGB-Mitglieder gelang es, bie auf 9 iersonL,n die
ganze 3elegschaft zum rieitritt in den FDG'3 zu ver,a:laeeen; die 9
nicht Organisie: ten sind Spezialkrtifte mit lun.g jrihriger Pirmenzu-
gehtiti ;keit, auf die man aus sachlichen 3rtinden i.icht verzichten
kann.
Die S:.:D- etriebagruppe bestand im Sommer 1947 erst aus 14 a"itglie-
dern. Durch Propaganda and perednliche Einflui. thme auf :iie ver-
aehiedenartigste ieise Bowie bevorzugte Einstellung von linien-
treuen Kornmunisten in mittlere and gehobene '.te~l:.ngen, wurde es
erreicht, da3 die ~iru pe jetzt 48 i`itgli~>der k.iihlt.
Zu Bill 2 (politisch-soziale terkorganisation) let im einzelnen nooh
folgendea zu sagen:
Die ,erkeicherheitakommission beatehen.d taus 6 Parsonen (4 S D-l.?itgl)
wurde wagon Uberhandnehmender Jiebstiilale(besonders in der pharma-
zeutiechen Abteilang) ins Leben gerufer: and organisierte lqufend
perebnliche Kontr,elen wahrend der Arbeitezeit and bei SchichtschluB.
Die Lohnkommiasion let in einer sehwierigen Lage. i;ach Anordnung
der DX sollen bis Ende 1949 such in der chemischen Industrie
mindestena 50% der Arbeiter im Leiet.uneslohn 9tehen. fehlen
im '"erk aber alle Vorauseetzungen teichnischer and orf_Kr.isatoriacher
Art and daher wurde biaher and ward cur Zeit auch roch in alien
*bteilungen Stundenlohn g~ezrehlt. Be wurde nun eir. T-A-N-B;iro ein-
gerichtet, das die arundlagen ftir die Eirif lhruna des Leistui e-
lohnes (Akkordl) erarbeiten soil. Die Leute sind in einer be:auerne-
werten Lage, reden an den Din ;en l.e ??um o.ine sie tiadern zu KUnnen.
Die Sozialkommission hat alloy-lei br?auchbare ; .z: ralen far die
T3elegschaft ein.r,efdhrt wie beispielsweis:; eine ei?ene h.eparatur-
achneiderei, Schuuterwer'r,.3t~itt Dag .-ins ,erk in den Jahren
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1946-48 sehr guts aewinne erzielt hat (besonders in der kosmetisohen
Abteilung and bet einzelnen neu einge'tihrten Medikamenten), war as
allglioh, daftir nennenswerte aeldmittel abzuzweigen.
III. Die Belegsahaft.
Bel Eriegsende wurden tiber 1000 Personen beecht.f tigt; zur Zeit be
liiuft sioh die Belegsohaft auf knapp 400 Personen; die gegenwdrtige
Zusammeneetzung zeigt Bild
Zusammenaetzung der Belegechaf t im Sept.1949
mhnnl.I weibi. 8umme
ssssassssssssssssssssssss~ssssssst.ssssass~sssssssasssssasss
A e touts
leitend?
6 --
6
kaufmdna.
27 29
56 123
(31%)
teohni soh
42 19
61
I
Arbeiter ge
M--NN
l.Paoharb.
73
73
an
gelernt?
57
57
274
(69%)
Hi
lfearbeiterj
44 90 !
134
he
hrlinge
9
10
-------- --------N---N-~--~~ M~~~------------~MNA-
~
sum* 258 139 397
65 ; 35 100
Der Anteli der Angestellten mit 31% lot ungsw8hnlioh hoch (normaler
Rsiohsdurohsohnitt lag 1936 bei 18,5% davon 9% Techniker and 9,5%
kaufmlinnisohe Angestellte). Der arund daftir let die zum Toil aus
politischen GrUnden erf olgte Uberbesetzung von Verwaltungsstellen
sit zuverlgesigen BID-Mitgliedern (siehe Abechnitt II) and die
sohleohte Ausnutzung der Betriebskapatitlit infolge Materialmangel
and Absatzsohwierigkeiten auf wiohtigen aebieten.
Die Belegsoahaft besteht zu einem hohen Prozentsatz aus Personen, die
seat vielen Jahren im Work tAtig sind. Die Werkleitung klagt wegen
der damit verbundenen tlberalterung, kann aber keinen odor zumindest
viol zu wenig Nachwuohs bekommen. 5eit Monaten bemtiht man eioh,
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 pp-MV-d or`Re-1ease 20D2108TT4 -C1A-RDP83-00415R003900020(1060
2 Chemiker mit akademiacher i.usbildung aufzutreiben aber ohne Erf olg.
Btittaher fUr die FaBmacherei fehlen fast vollig, nicht einmal Lehr-
linge sind ftir diesen Beruf zu bekommen.
Der Betrieb beaohaftigt zur '"sit 10 Lehrlinge and hat von der VVB
and der Dr, die Auflage bekorrmien, bis Jahresende eine Lehrwerkstatt
ftir 80 Lehrlinge einzurichten. B's fehlt dafUr aber einmal dae not-
wendige huebildungspersonal zum anderen wurden fUr die Einrichtung
noch keine Geldmittel bewilligt.
IV. Fabrikationeprogramm
Der Betrieb verftigt fiber ein auegedehntee GelAnde; die Baulichkeiten
rind durchweg recht alt and inf olge der umfangreiehen Bombenechh.den
iet der au.Bere Eindruok reaht ungiinetig. Be wind bin jetzt eret
wieder an 40% der Bauten reetauriert worden and dies* liegen zer-
atreut im Geliinde. An ganz abseitigen Stollen wurden aus Trtimmer-
ateinen Steinbaraoken mit Holzdaoh erriohtet and dadu.?oh let der
Anf all von Transportarbeiten viol hther, ale es notwendig wi.re,wenn
an boi Zeiten vernUnftige Raumplenung getrieben hatte. Der Kohlen-
verbrauah ist auch unverhlltniemaBig grog and nattirlioh die Aue-
wirkung all dieser and dhnlicher Umetande auf di. Betrieberentabilitll,
Behr ungtinstig.
Des Fabrikationsprogramm umfaBt
1. Schwerchemikalien
2. a) Pharmazeutische and b) ',coemetieche Praparate
3. Grunletoffe fUr *asohmittel
4. Textil-Hilfsatoffe and
5. Bauatoffhilfamittele
zu 1. Schweraheaikalien ( 1.Hauptfabrikationezweig).
Hergeatellt warden Borax, Boradure, Brsakallum, Bromnatrium, Jod-
kalium and ghnlichee. Daa wichtigete Fabrikat let die Boregure, die
zur Heretellung van Bleich- and r:einigungemitteln (Persil), Jenser
Glas, Glasuren ftir 1 zellan and Steingut, Borealbe, Edelsteineyn-
these and ftir elektrolytieche on eaatren bendtigt ward.
Fair die beiden letztgenannton Zwecke mui Boraaure von groBer iiein-
hedt zur VerfUgung atehen and dae yerk-hat-insoferneineau3erordent-
---- --- -------- ---- -----------
licheBedeutung fiir-die-sowJetieehe-Zone, wail es als einziges eine
fUr die Pabrikation von Elektrolytkondensatoren gen gende ualitdt
liefern kann. Da an sioh hierbei u.. eine ausgesproch4ene Spezial-
fabrikation handelt, wind im folgenden die Herstellung beschrieben
and auf Bild 4 achematisch dargestellt.
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[rstellungagang hochreinQr
Borahure HBo DAB 6
0 744
Jampf
A
lilternuttoh
Ablauge i
Hei3luft,
Zentrifuge~
Dame
Heine 3oratiure
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-9-
Beschreibung-der_3ore:iure_Fabrikation (hoher ,einheitagrad)
Ala Rohmaterial dient sogenannter Bo ractt, der per A.chse aus ':er
Sta2furter Ge,rend nach Berlin kornmt un-1 'iem ','erk mit LF.'W zui of U rt
wird. Von jeder Lieferung wird im Labor 1 eine genaue qualitative and
quantitative ?%nalyse Kemacht. Das Boracit, das in groben Brocken
angeliefert wird, paesiert zuniichat den 3recher, in dam an zu faust-
gro3on itticken zerkleinert wird . Anechlie1end wir'i ea mittels
Transportband der I:ugelmuhle zugeftihrt, dort zu Pulver zermarlen and
geht von da aus in den 1.Mischbottieh, wo as mit Vorlauge and konz.
Schwefels ..ure vermischt and lurch 2inblasen von r:eifldampf auf stria
95 00 erhitzt wird. Die i;inlaufzeit fUr die Lauge and 3chwefelsaure
wird ftir jade Charge vom Labor gesondert angegeben je nach dam duroh
Analyse errnittelten Jehalt an freedom Beimengungen; bei zu hohem
Kohlensduregehalt besteht nhmlioh beim Minchen die Gef ahr des "ber-
eohdumens. Der 1.Kiechbottieh hat etwa 7 :n3 Fasaur,gsvermogen. ':'enn
alles in Lbaung gegangen ist, wird noch solange Schwefelshure zuge-
geben, bie die Mischung sohwacheauer reagiert .
Ia 2.Miechbottieh wird gut durchgeriihrt and dabei auf etwa 40 00
heruntergektihlt. lot diese Temperatur erreieht, so wird die Liaung
mit Pre3luft der Filterpresse zugeftihrt, durchlIto+t diese and wird
darn von 3chwebetoffen weitgehend befreit dim KaltrUhrbottioh zuge-
leitet, wo Abktilung unter athndigem ittinren b1.s auf 10-15 0C erfolgt
Dabei kristallisiert Bann die Boreiure bereite aus. Der in der
Filterpresse verbleibende ::tickotand wird quantitativ analysiert and
bei rnehr ale 4% restlichem H3Bo3-Gehalt noohmals auegewaschen.
Aus dam KaltrUhrbottieh wird dae Gemiscb in eine Filternutsche ge-
bracht, wo die Lauge abflisOt and aplter winder im 1.Miechbottioh
Verwendung findet. Die in der Nutsehe zurtickbleibende Borsgure wird
nun in der Zentrifuge vorgetrocknet and bildet die sogenannte
Roh-Borsgure, die einen r:eingehalt von 90-92% H3Bo3 hat. Jade 0harge
wird in diesem stadium abermals analyalert, um die . inzelheiten ftir
die weitere Verarbeitung f eetzulegen.
Im.Kondenabottich erfolgt Zugabs von destilliertem Nasser and Hei3-
dampf ewecks Ldsung der hohboregure, ansohlieBend wieder Kaltrtihren
zus Auskristallilsieren and Uberleiten in eine andere Filternutsche.
Die dort abfiltrierte Lauge let nicht mehr verwendbar and wird ab-
gelettet (eogenannte Ablauge) p der kriatalline Attcketand wird wieder
in einer Zentrifuge vorgetrocknet and darn analyeiert. 'enn die iein-
heit den :+r:eprUchen noch nicht ganugt, wird nochmals umkristallieiert.
Die in der Zentrifuge vorg-.;trockneten 1'.ristalle werden. in d?Inner
ISehicht auf Tuchhorden gebreitet and lurch einen mit Steinzeug
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ausgekleideten Trockenkana_l geschickt, wo maxim-1 70 ?C herrachen
dttrfen; ist die Trockentemperatur hdher. dann fartt rich die Bor-
saure zuerst gelblich and wird dann sc nell braun. Die nuw.mehr
hoehreine getrocknete Boredure wird in einem 3ieb nochmals gekdrnt
and darn auf Passer geftillt.
Die Boreauref abrikation ist eigentlich die einzige, die dauernd ohne
Unterbrechung in Betrieb ist, da hier relativ wenig Schwierigkeiten
in der Llaterialbesohaf.''ung auftreten, wenn auch die Sehwef elsbure
oft recht knapp ist.
zu-2aLPharmazeutische PraParate (2.Hauptf abrikationazweig)
-- -- --------------- --- ----
Die Fertigung and die Labors aind raumlich sehr welt verzweigt and
die ganze &nlage macht weniger den Eindruck eines Pabrikationabe-
triebee ale eines etwas umfangreiohen Labira mit Keihenversuchen.
Der Rohatoffmangel ist empf indlich and es werden moist nur kleinere
Chargen hergeatellt, soweit as sioh um Yodikamente handelt. Die
Sauberkelt and Sorgfalt let gut aber die rein raumliche L`bersicht-
lichY:eit and die fabrikationamaBige Organisation sind miserabel. Der
Abteilungaleiter (Apotheker Kroll) ist ein alterer Herr, der offen-
9iol.ieh abeichtlioh eine gewisse Untiberaichtlichkeit herrsche' da-
mit er nicht leicht zu ersetzen ist and ihm niemrmd dreinreden kann.
Das tibliche Programm umfa2ts
Agrenal
Helpin and
Arsen-Helpin
Bigrol
Coleil
Fibres
Euglisein
Neospiran
Ossimol
Si of or
Titretta
analgica
Tugrilin
Vioxan
Infegrol
Pangrol
Pulver gegen t.'agenkatarrhe, Darmbesehwerden,
Ulcus, jodbrennen u.i.
Tonikum flit intramuakulare Injektion (Ampullen)
eine'Siemut-blsuepension gegen Angina and Lues
Tabletten gegen Rdntgenkater
Antineuralgikum in Tablettenform
mildes Abftihrmittel in Tablettenform
Kreislauftonikum in Ampullen
Antirheumatikum
Deainfektionamittel fur Mundhdhle u. Rachen in
Tablettenform
Huetensaf t
Tabletten gegen infe'ktiosen Darmkatarrh
Raumdeainfektionarnittel
?eindesinfektionsrnittel
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 = AW-e4ed-Pei=Release Z00Z/0 T4- FA-R{3P83=E}A41 R003~Ob0?f?60~=0 ~'
Das AbfUllen and Packen der Medikamente geschieht in ziemlich pri-
mitiver Form von Hand, wobei jede verniinf tige Arbeitsteilung zur
Verbesserung der Wirtscta f tliohkeit dor Arbeitaweise f ehlt. Die
Tablettenpresserei (eauber and penibel e=ngerichtet) verfiigt fiber
2 automatisohe and eine handbodiente Presse; sie ist in einem groflen
and hohen Raum untergebraeht mit liner Raumverach'endui_g, die Behr
teuer ist. Die Arbeitaweise let unrationell and allee eben melt
laboratoriumema2ig ale fabrikationete'hnisch zugeschr_itten.
Die Heretellung der Desinf ektionsmittei fat in einem teeonderen
Bau untergebracht wegen des etarkerI Geruchee der dort verarbeitete::
Stoffe (Kreeol).
an 2b) Die-kosmetisohe-Abteilung, die eret nach 1945 eingerichtet
----------- worden ist, befindet eioh in liner aua lrUmmersteinen neu erriehteten
Baraoke etwas abseits auf dem Werkgeldnde. Bie zur Wahrungereform
im Juni 1948 wurden dort bis zu 100 Personen (tiberwiegend Fraueh)
beeohhf tigt, jetzt liegt die Abteilung fast still wegen der Abeatz-
schwierigkeiten bei diesen Artikeln. Ab and zu wird noch etwas
Hautkrem (Sonnenaehutzkrem), Borsalbe (gehtsrt eigentlioh zur phar-
aazeutischen Abteilung, wind dort aber hergestellt wegen der Salben-
riihraaschinen), Zahnpasta and Kopfwaeohmittel hergestellt, wobei
mit Abftillen and Paoken etwa 10 Prauer_'besohdf tigt wind. Die Her-
stellung guter Parftimerien whre an sieh mtglioh, let abet aus
preislichen Grtinden unmdglioh, da R:fchatoffe (dtherisohe Ole) aus
Frankreioh bezogen werden mtil3ten and etwa 1200 DA(Ost) je kg koeten
wiirden.
an 3. drundstoff a fUr 'g'as chmi ttel .
---------------------------
Be handelt sieh vorwiegend um '