COMPILATIONS OF DATA ON CENTRAL ASIATIC REPUBLICA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R004400120003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 151
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 24, 2012
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: March 16, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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17
war. Progress reports on the hskhad construction are scanty though it
is known that the first section of this plant was to begin to supply
power either at the end of 1946 or early in 1947. The ?arkhad station will
provide industrial current to the Uzbek Metallurgical Works , to Begovat
city itself and to the whole nei_ shoring district includ'_ng Tashkent.
The dam for the power st.,.tior has been completed end the waters of
the Syr Darya are to be soon turned into the deviation canal, 131 km long.
The canal will cross the Shirin Saiak valley. Used waters from this canal
will be further utilized througt a system of irrigation canals for watering the
Golodnaya Steppe.
Construction work at the station is going on day and night, the so&*
night shift working with the ai! of mpm powerful reflectors.
eeri,c
a ekistan produces 60% of the raw silk used in the USSR. During the
current year the Xolkhozi of the republic delivered to the state 12,000
tons of cocoons. This progress is alleged to be mainly due to the research
activities of the Central Asians Research Institute of Sericulture which
operates an experimental station near Tashkent and a sub-station in
Turkmenistan. The Tashkent Serieultural. Institute has been responsible for
the introduction of new species of silkworke and mulberry tress and for a
number of s*ii researches connected with the growth and planting of
mulberry trees.
Six new species of silkworms have so far been reared by the Institute?
one of which, the "Soviet spec-lea, yields 17% more yarn of high quality than
the 'Bagdad speciels, preevi,lusly cultivated in Uzbekistan.
The Institute has also introduced new species of mulberry trees. *"a
Once called "Poby-eda" (Victory) is known for its larger yield of leaves
and in its first year of cultivation gave 7`,5 tons more leaves per hectare.
Experiments are under way nrrer wi vh ether foreign types of mulberry
trees brought from Japan and Manchuria,
The target towards the en+i of the five year period for the
production of silk in Uzbekistan has been set at ii times highbr than
the present production target. Die will necessitate a more widespread
introcution ? of the now, advanced types of silksark and mulberry trees
and will also require the further- mechanization of sericultural methods.
lar~' chi
~. .,..._. Apr $Aj?
1946 Cotton crop
.~, Meet ors-ationn at our d. esal tends to confirm that cotton
production targe `.a for 1946 were attained towards the end of Naovember with
in December. the lolkhozi and Sorkhazi of the Union had delivered to ^l act n?
by 29% , Tajikistan by 18% and Ttrkmenia by 1$. Uzbekistan
the main cotton
,
3 -, procuedr in the Soviet Union ex.cuedwd its deliveries over 1945 by 355,000
tons. It was reported that the ~, - citality of the 1946 crop had considerably i
improved as compared with previ .a years., deliveries of first and second grades
of raw Cotton rising from 64% in 1945 to SOX.
The 1947 season foresees a further increase In cotton target
delive'r',.,a 4srt +.6* ef.z 4- t.t tam .44 -d , . -.., i -, __ -- .
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28
command. Zt was also disc"sed thr.t letters and complaints addressed to Central
offices of the KomeoMol though duly registered often remained unanswered. The
so-called "budget discipline" wuu slack and in 1945-46 over a .mi hion rubles
had not been collected due to adri.r-is-r-ritive negligence. Records and office
books were likewise negligently kept.
In a recent article in "Komssamolskay$ Praveia" Lomakin Secretary to the
Uzbek Commurdst Party, sus ariaes the most glaring drawbacks and shortcomings
in the work of the U..bek Komsomol along the following lines.
The Komaaiol youth of Uzbekistan were neglecting their primary duty in
not actively participating in th execution of plans for economc rehabilitation
and were not paying due attention to the needs of mechanization of agriculture
which was a tusk of great urgency,. Neither were they sufficiently vigilant
in supervising the proper and firml use of irtigation facilities on which
the cultivation of cotton in the republic so greatly depended. They were
paying slight attention to the trairnin. of skilled. labor cadres among
Uzbeks and seemed to be little worried that Uzbek youth constituted but a small
percentage among trainees in 'ab rr? Reserve Training Centers or that of
20,000 young Tashkent workers on1,r 3,500 were attending evening schools since
more regular attendance had been interrupted by war conditions, in line with
other observers Lomakin frankly mete that the level of ideological work
among Kjmsonol ranks was below the standards set by the Party.
Against all this flood of eel,! criticism there stands out the fact that
2,100 Uzbek Komsomol youth had been granted orders of merit in recognition of
their good work in the fields of education , agriculture and industry and that
the Komsomol had only recently displayed commendable activity in assisting the
party in elections to the 3upreae-ss Soviet
That not all was well within tek- the ranks of the etc. etc.
}ir hiz
it was mentioned at the Session that sighs of nationalist sentiments and
and of an lie ideology, could be traced in Komsomol
press organs and that the quality of a .morn :?1 literatre was in any case poor.
Besides these errors members of V'19 Kmosemol "nurtured relics of deudeal times and
superstitions and these pehenomen7, ap'eared among the Kirghiz Komsomol in
most monstrous forma".
It seems that c itici.sm levelled against republical Konsonal organizations
is not so much spontaneous as it is in the nature of a reaction to Moscow
directives. In confirmation of this we may eabtion a report on the
directives adopted by the Chief Political Directorate of the Soviet Armed
Forces on Komsomol matters at a conference held in September 1946.
Speeches at this conference emphasised that in the opinion of politcal
army chiefs the Komeonol since the war had been neglecting its work and much of
its activities, had sunk to a low level. The Komsomol, was off from the mass of
young people so that there had been a Palling off in recruitment of new members
Pmbbd-
the final responsibility for which lay with party office a not excluding the
Political Directorate itself which had dons little to improve ideological work
among the rank and file of the Kew:saerol.
Theme general observations and directives have now obviously reached the
those for whom they were intended as reesoltuionee at republican conferences
are in the main in complete agreee.,-ee.nt with Moscow direct MT R 01
n n flrrine r R n c 'it er
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News on Cotton
About one hursdrei tnounl r hectares are to be planted in the current
season to new cotton varieties oveeloo d recently by selectioaists of the
Uzbek. republic. A largo part of this experimental area to be planted with
108--F seeds,* a variety developed r aei.ecti niat Ru shevitch of the "erghana
Cotton Selection Station. Ti nee' variety was first. successfully tested last
year when Xolkhoz workers of the aroahi.iov district of the Andijan region
achieved excellent results with the non seeds soubling their average cotton
yield. The 108-F variety ripens sever to eight days earlier than other cotton.
Now experimental varieties of cote-,.>i with larger yields and a shorter period
of vegetation have also been developed by the famous cotton seelecti Joist
l mash.
A recent report confirms th &-.t argc r quantities of colored cottony will be
availaabble for Union textile mills this season as planting of colored cotton
in comparison with 191+3 has now greatly increased.
27 cotton and cloth mills ...nol ud ing the Orekhovo and Ozerki lComb rAtt and
the Molotiv Mills have been set s ..s_dts to manufacture textiles frees! naturally
colored cotton. The report mee ttiore that the now cotton fabrics are likeel.y to
be far more durable as in their processing they will not have to be chemically
dyed and teill consequently not suffer from chemical treatment.
tow Pipe Line
Ia~V+a~lw
Work on the oils pipe li a from Leninak to Vannovski was recently
started with the popular support oL' laborers drafted from the llolkhoz population
of the Andijan and Ferghana distri ;.s . rho completion of the line should out
expenses entailed in the transport of oil by about half, relieving at the same
time the prevent acute congestion i i Uz ek railwaysa.
Tractors, lorries and excavators are reported to have reached the
corwtructi.n site. The completion of this Job has been scheduled for
December 1947. Engineers,, however hope to start pumping oil. over the now
pipe line already in August ( 9-347)
I zbekisstan Wolfram
AAAiitrnaal anal#ra. .7.... ..:t _ ,_w
L
i
h
y
-*6- 1
ey
n t
Nuratin hills. The initial opening of the Lyangar mines coincided with the
first year of the Great War and already by the autumn of 1941 the Ural metallurgical indtstries started rtceivs.ng from Lyangar their first consints
of wolfram concentrates. War conditions delayed, however , the intensive
working and `iirther developed of tn. xaf rue which are only now coming into their
own. Lyangar has an ore enriching :giant, tow power aub$tations, and a
workers settlement of 200 buildings which include a school, cinema, and other
amenities and is co...nected with the nearest station by a fine automobile road,
The mining of ores has been mechanized and. boring is done by compressor drills.
By 1950 the mines are scheduled to ;rodueed ten times more wolfram ccrccntrates than
in 1943 ) 4-3-47)
Worker's settlements
To our list of new cities and industrial cap steed ire our
previous issue may be added th tcslll awing s
n
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An ren
which has now a population of over 30,000. The coalfields of Angren
during the Gera" occupation -af the Donetz Coal Basin became an important m
mining venter known as the "DDnbae" of Uzbekistan since both colliery
equipment from Donbas miners - ee?e evacuated to this locality. Apart from
coal mining the_ laborers of kagren are employed in the Angren Gas works which
are to supply T shkent with gas. A copper Wining pkAnt will shortly also be
dd
d
a
e
to the stfiee of
Boat
A former halting place i'or camel baravans on the borders of the
Golodnays Steppe, is today a fast growing city though its birth was first
due to the exigencies of wear ti industry. A great future is confidently
predicted for Begovat with its laeakhetan T ran and Steel works, th.= first
in Kaxakhatan, its recently cewEver. teci cement works and the
"aebotrubpye works which euppl.: all the needs of Central Asia in asbestos.
Chirchik
This industrial center care into being in 1932 when the
W . .., ,
glectvo--chemieal Kombinat was first launched on the bank of the Chirchik
river near the small, kishlaq or K rghis Kulak.
The Stalin Fl.ectro-chemi.c I Kcmbi.nat began producing chemicals in 1940
since when several other Uzbek ia4uatrial enterprises such as the Chirchik
Agricultureal iachinery , rks -.arc been added to the list of Chirchik industise.
aerawstx/u,
of modern houses. With its 15 3ahools. two technical colle
es
a'th
t
g
,
ea
'wa-
ll club premises, 15 libraries, ceveral hospitals and polyclinics Chirchik has a
budget of h6jum 15 million rubles.
The Chirchik Electro-chemi =al 1 + bina.t plans by 1950 to double its
production cap mineral fertilig =rs.
Tan.,i s
Some years AdW ago acgiyui wa:; just a small typical Central
Asian viallage. Today it is an .nlstrial town whose workers are employed
in numberous sugar and vegetable oil refineries, cotton mills and
canneries. Candy and elothing ?actories are to be added to the list this
year already. The town is surrc.unded by plantations growing cotton, sugar
beet, oil seeds, rubber plants , and hemp.
??F The Ch she t -X ngrad Railway,
r?.. appears that early in 1947 the Uzbek Government pr posed that
~- between Chardzhou and 1 ungrad linking Ihoreem~and Karakaipakia with Centres;,
COZO Uzbekistan. This project has new .ieen approved by the Councils of nistere
OM -ZZM of the USSR and plans for the construction of the new roUway- link were
F.~..~.~ recently incorporated as Part of the post war five year plan, The first
to be constructed will be the O ea thou Tarheak section ( 310 km long)
C LA- The total length of the new rah, way is 615 km and it w i l constitute a very
im
orta
t t
k li
i
p
n
run
ne
n the railway system of Russian Central Asia.
CO'J Starting fro u. Chardzhou the railway wi L1 follow- the left batik of the
.u Darya.
Survey parties have alr.ady arrived in Tashknet. Ali technical plans for the
construction arc to ha
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The F'arkhad s" derivation" canai will be the longest in the USSR nd
presents a tough construction job in view of the difficult relledee it
traverses and to complete it within the short time available it
was recently decided to ddeperi it instead of se aint4iasing its pro j eect;:d
width.
On September 1 last year a iota! of 47,000 kolkhoz laborers had
reported for duty at the Farkh d site. They were organized in "brigades"
and were promised special pre 1 tams l.r. money and kind for exceeding their
prescribed output quotas. Sever steam, six super electric excavators and
one Diesel excavator were detailed for work at Farkhad together with
4.:0 motor lorries and 14 ra'~ l..wa: r engines, each of the electrically driven
excavators doing the work of 2,000 workmen. Technicians were also despatched
in large numbers including a ne rib ~r of practising students. The planes
were to minister to the needs I the administration.
A leading article in the Pravda Vostoka appealed recently to the
buildirs of Farkhad to complete to sir tasks in a true bolshevik manner.
The ?arkhad hydro-electric station was to inaugurate a new stage in the
development of Uzbekistan's prc' uctivee forces cotton growing and the
chemical and fertilizer industr'e9) and its completion would enable
the "complex" use of the waters of the Syr Darya for the production of cheap
electricity and for irrigation purposes. To build the canal in record tine
was an urgent priority job, one of the largest in Uzbeeklutan in which
mass labor would be involved. 11 was thus necessary not only to mobilize labor
on a large scale but to incr4a a macs political propaganda and to organize soci.a 1,
competition dfives on an unprece3derto? scale.
On 19th September an official progress report merely stated that on
that date excavation work amourte , to 53,900 cu meters or 67.1% of the set
target but that none of the regional 0brigadesf had achieved their daily output
quotas,
On October 19tfz a leading article in Pravda ' ostoka mentioned among
other things, that the Farkhad hydro electric plant would soon become
an operating concern though tt.f date of its final opening still remained
a matter of conjecture.
A telegram from Tashient on 22 December confirmed that work on the
last kilometers of the derivation canal had been completed. The canal was being
filled with water and within the next two to three days engineers were to
start. testing the first a-_greegate of the station.
Ao later authentic in orrn =: ion had come to our Liotice at time of writing.
1.
Extension of the Char3z ou Hun
_Ra
In the opinion of G. hod jiev, Director General of Movements of the Third
Bank, expressed in an article published in No. 7 of the official organ of
the USSR Ministry of Trgasport, ".lway Transport", the construction of the preset,
al l i gnment Chard hou Kunvrad ones up the further possibility of linking up this
:IC r4prin extracts from this article bearing on this point.
R In connection with the construction of the Cha.rdzhou Kunfrad line
considerable importance attaches to the question of extending the track in
uture to the north west and therby linking it with the railway network in either
of the directions Make.t-ilex4ndrov Gait Guriev-Astrakhan or Stalingrad. Such
C02 an extension will obviate the inherent traffic bottlenect on the Chardzhou-
gungrad We and create a new railway link between the central districts of
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34
the Union and the districts of t-lentral Asia. In connection with the rapid
economici and cultural develo ant of the Central Asian Soviet Republics,
the question of improving trana-lort links with them acquires real
importance. Communications beer tine central districts of the Union on
the one hadn, and the Turismen and Tajik $R and the western provinces
of the Uzbek 85k on the other a.-* maintained along a circuitous route via
Kine 1 0ren'burgwTashkent - Ureat,c evs~aya-Kagan, involving a considerably
devious journey for freight an: passengers.
" If the stretch of the exi.r tiny railway route from Moscow to Stalinbad
Ashkhabad and Krasnovodsk is caarrAzeeei with the new route which will be available
with the construction of the Alexandrov Gai.-4u ad-Chardzhou line, the following
correlate is obtain.
.x:tern, in km. of Extent in km of Shortening
route via 3yzran- now route via of distance
0renbu gw.-?-ashkeerat Saratov, Ale xandrov in km to be
Cal-Kungrad- achieved by
Chardzhou new route.
Moscow-Stalinabad
639
3731
908
Moscow-Ashkhabad
1640
3494
1146
Moscow-Krasnovodsk
5L97
4051
1146
ee Thus the traffic erterie i along which exchange of goods is
effected between the Central districts of USSR on the one hand and the
Turkmen and Tajik SS1 and the western districts of Uzbekistan on the other
will be shortened by about 1000 km after the extension of the Chardzhou:-
Kungrad line to Alexandrov Gaa?i. Samarkand will also come within the sphere
of influence of the new trunk line,
The T a Ian Dam
The r onstrruu ion of the Chardzhou-4ungrad RR has brought to the fore the
question of erecting a dam to re Mato the flow of the Amu Darya at Tura
yun in the oasis of Khorezm, a10 kms from Haazarasp at a place where the
Amu Darya flows within ccunp.,ritavely narrow and permanent banks which could
be easily bridged by putting across a dam, The competion of this dams it it
alleged eaauld bring aboi. t a radical chain,o not only in the "regime re of
the Amu Darya but a .so abf the antttw system of irrigation in the Khoresm
inundations in the history of -6i()rsz,m causing tremendous damages. The first
most anobwatm ancient city of tr.hcresm., Kiyat was completely destroyed by
flood waters. Gurganch (Kunya 6argench), its second capital suffered also
eventual decay because the popuhation of the oasis failed to maintain-the
proper working of its irrigation syste , sxatl y again the republical
w hich it passes. As a result there have been many cases of catastrophic
permanent flux and changes the very configuration of the territory through
oasis. The course of the Amu, Darya near its delta is in a condition of
build up its delta and raise the banks of the irrigation canals in the
keep up for the present an Inc ant struggle with the vagaries of the Amu
Darya which annually brings down 250,000,000 cu meters of silt to further
oasis with its million heatarew of lotentially fertile lands.
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construction las year were uti _Ised only to the extent of 50% and of 166
kilometers of new roads only 1ff 4 had been constructed. The laying of the Tashkent-
Lokand and the reconstruction Fri' the Zerafshan and Surkhan highways under
the new five year plan had eitt----r ~. ou been started at all or was inefficiently
conducted. Roads in the Andizhu-ri re .on were in a very bad state but plans
for their improvement in the nine months of 19k7 were only partia. l?t
undertaken and amounted to 26% in respect of new roads, to 40% in respect of
bridges, 60% of general repair and 20% of metalling. In the Tashkent area
construction plan:. had been executed to an extent of 50% only.
Plans for road construction and improvements "faith the participation of
the population" had been carried out in the Tashkent district to the
extent of 36% , in the Andizh 44% and in the Surkhan Darya district
23%. In the garasui rayon of TTe ihr ent laborers worked for 406 days instead
of the required 18,736 and in 1. Jn Chirchik district 750 instead of
21,173.
The Ministry dealing with roars was short of tractors and motor
transport, it had no permanent labor cadres and only half of the man power
sanctioned on its establishment. The Ministry gave little attention to the
professional train ng of cadres of road builders or to raising their
Elualifications. Actually since the war there has been a setback in the
train;%ng of cadres. The ;`Rotor Traction Institute and Road Sections of the
Central Asia Industrial Institute have, for instance'. ceased to function and
scientific r search on roads at anpronrigte republican institutions has been
totally discontinued,
Theo Uzbek republid has made i-ruonse strider in rural electrification, It
ARRune 1778
M Y
Press
Defor eht Revolution, Uzbetstan is said to have had only a few newspapers
and magazines "serving the interests of Tzardorsta colonial policy and the local
bourgeoisiett . The number of ne spar,srs uublished in the Uzbek language was
very small_ and all bore theimpr ss of a religious character on therm But
since the creation of the Uzbek Republic under Soviet auspices there has b-en
a steady growth in the number c_:: neres.apers add magazines published in the
country. Already in 1925-26 newspapers with a total ewaulation if 519,000
copies were issued, the majorl.t::- of these being in the native language. In
the succeeding years, specia:Ll., those covered by the Five To" Plate, the
U.zbek press grew rapidly. In 1 Lf the number of newspapers and magazines
published in the Republic amounted. to 221 and 58 with an annual circulation
of 101 million and one million _ne hundred thousand copies respectively
It is clamed that during the period of Soviet Power more than two milliard
copies of newspapers and about _%r) million copies of magazines have come out.