SOVIET LAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R010200020023-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 11, 2001
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: November 25, 1951
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

.
Tins SAN 1J E 10
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NIf
On the platform of the Mausoleum on November 7, 1951.
From left to right: P. F. Zhigarev, S. M. Budenny, L. A. Govorov, S. M. Shtemenko, N. C. Kuznetsov, A. M. Vasilessky, K. L. Voroshilov,
N. A.Bulganin, R. Y. Malinovsky, N. M. Shvernik, C. M. Malenkov, L. P. Beria, L. All. Kaganovitch, A. I. Mikoyan,
N. S. Khurschev, A. A. Andreev, M. A. Suslov, P. K. Ponomarenko, Al, F. Shkiryatov.
CONTENTS
Page
1. For Peace and Friendship Among Nations 1
2. Soviet People Vote For Peace Pact
3. All Able-bodied Citizens Assured
Employment in USSR D. Valentei M.Sc. (Eco.) 6
4. Soviet Rivers Today and Tom-
morrow
5. At a Soviet Jute Mill T. Usherenko 8
6. Allya Anarov, Twice Hero of
Socialist Labour
7. In. the Former Semi-Desert
Steppe
8. Glimpses from the Soviet
Union (Facts & Figures)
9. Indian Film Delegation in
USSR
10. Collective Agreements in
USSR-What They Bring the
Workers
E. Ilyin 18
11. Soviet Engineering News 19
PRICE As. 2
Edited, printed and published by F. Matveev for TASS in India, Travancore House, Curzon Road, New Delhi, at the Roxy
Printing Press, New Delhi. Only Cover printed at the Punjabi Press, Sadar Bazar . Delhi.
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Page
12. Why Soviet Peasants Have
United in Collective Farms
14. Children's Opera " Morozko "
at the Kirov Opera and Ballet
Theatre in Leningrad
15. Professor Dumas I. Ehrenburg 23
Supplement : 34th Anniversary of the Great
October Socialist Revolution.
Report Delivered by L. P. Beria at the Celebration
Meeting of the Moscow Soviet on November 6,
1951
Cover : People's Poet of Uzbekistan Islamshair
Hazarov, is seen here signing the Appeal
Back Cover : Karl Marx Collective Farm, Skotarev
,Village, Kiev Region. Only old folks and children
remained at home. All the collective farmers are
out harvesting today. Here we see Olga Grigorevna
Kravchenko treating little Olya to a tasty break-
fast.
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SOVIET LAND
An Illustrated Fortnightly Journal
Published by TASS in India
November 25, 1951.
For Peace and Friendship Among
Nations
N common with previous years, the celebration of the
I 34th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revo-
lution was the occasion for reviewing the country's
achievements in the past and for taking a glimpse into the
future. And the peoples of the Soviet Union could look
back on the past with satisfaction, and with confidence into
the future.
In his address to the traditional anniversary meeting of
the Moscow Soviet on November 6, 1951, L. P. Beria,
Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the U. S. S. R.,
announced some of the results attained by Soviet Industry
and Agriculture in the first ten months of the current year.
The figures he cited testify to the further advance
of the socialist economy and culture of the U. S. S. R. The
Economic Plan for 1951 will be exceeded. Industrial out-
put will register an increase of ..more than 15 per cent over
last year and will be double that of 1940.
Compared with last year, the country will produce
2,700,000 tons more pig iron, approximately 4,000,000 tons
more steel and 3,000,000 tons more rolled steel. The
Soviet Union's present steel output is about equal to the
aggregate output of Britain,'France, Belgium and Sweden.
The annual increase in coal output in the past few years
has averaged 24,000,000 tons, and in the case of oil the
increase has been 4,500,000 tons.
This year the U. S. S. R. will generate 104,000 million
kwh. of electricity, more than the combined output of Britain
and France. The total capacity of the new power plants
scheduled to start operation this year will be about 3,000,000
kw., which is approximately five times the capacity of the
huge Dnieper hydropower project.
Our engineering industries will register a 21 per cent
increase in output over last year. In 1951 the U. S. S. R. is
producing over 400 new types of machines and mechanisms,
among them a 150,000 kw. steam turbine, the first of its kind
to be built in the world. Agriculture will this year receive
137,000 tractors computed in 15 hp units, 54,000 harvester
combines and 2,000,000 other agricultural machines and
implements.
For the last few years the gross grain crop has been in
ewe ss of 7,000 million poods. The Soviet Union is pro-
ducing more cotton than such traditional cotton-growing
countries as India, Pakistan and Egypt taken together.
Railway freight carriage will increase 11 per cent. This
increase is nearly equal to the combined annual freight care
riage of the British and French railways taken together.
Extensive engineering projects have been launched. Both
in scope and tempo of construction, the hydropower works
on the Volga, the Don, the Dnieper and Amu-Darya have
no parallel anywhere in the World. The Government cons-
truction schedule for 1951 will be surpassed at all these
projects.
The Soviet Union's national income for 1951 shows a
12 per cent increase over 1950, .and this has made for higher
incomes of workers, office employees and peasants. The
reduction of retail prices of food and manufactured goods
effected in March 1951, the fourth in the last few years, has
made for a continued growth of real wages and has enabled
the peasant population to acquire manufactured goods at
a lower cost. This year there has been a substantial in-
crease, over and above the annual plan, in the output of
textiles, footwear, knit goods, and foodstuffs. The 15 per
cent increase in the country's trade turnover is evidence
that the people are buying more. This year, about 27 mil-
lion square metres of new housing will be ready for occu-
pancy, in addition to the 400,000 homes that are being built
by collective farmers.
Higher living standards and better health. services have
cut the Soviet Union's death rate to half of what it was in
1940. For several years now, the net annual increase in
population has topped the three-million mark.
All economic indices show that the well-being and
happiness of the people are the chief concern of the Soviet
State.
The grand scale and swift rate of economic development
in the Soviet Union are proof of the peaceful nature of this
development and invalidate all allegations that the U.S.S.R.
harbours any designs of, or that it is preparing for ag-
gression. From its very inception, the Soviet State has
inscribed on its banners : Peace and Friendship Among Nations.
Soviet home and foreign policy has always had as its aim
the-establishment of lasting world peace, and the Soviet Go-
vernment as invariably directed its efforts to the attainment
of that goal. Here is a list of the Soviet proposals made
in recent years for measures to promote international se-
curity ; conclusion of a Pact of Peace by the Five Great
Powers ; reduction of the armed forces of the Great Powers
by one-third within one year ; prohibition of atomic
weapons ; early conclusion of a Peace Treaty with Ger-
many and subsequent withdrawal of all occupation rorces
( Continued on page 17)
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Soviet People Vote For Peace Pact
All over the country : in mills and factories, collective farms and
new construction developments, institutions and higher educational
establishments, Soviet people are putting their signatures to the
World Peace Council's Appeal for the conclusion of a Pact of Peace
by the five Great Powers, and everybody is signing it.
We give below the texts of a number of letters written and
speeches made by Soviet people which vividly reflect the thoughts
and sentiments of the entire Soviet people.
We Are Building For Peace
By V. Alexeyev
Building trades worker
These days are momentous days
for our country, and I should like to
add my voice to the voice of the entire
Soviet people to express ardent approv-
al of the peaceable policy of our Gov-
ernment, which is consistently uphold-
ing the just cause of peace and friend-
ship between peoples.
We are peaceful people, and we are
vitally interested in having a stable and
lasting peace throughout the world.
Busy at peaceful and constructive pur-
suits, Soviet people do not want war.
They know what misfortune and suffer.
ing war brings humanity.
Every one of us is ready to give
all his strength and knowledge to ensure
peace an,d'happiness on earth.
The American-British imperialists are
threatening war upon peace-loving
people. They want to disrupt the
peaceful life of the peoples. But fine
homes, theatres, and schools, or
palaces of science, or majestic hydro-
electric stations and canals are not but
so tt.at the bidders for world dominion
from the other side of the ocean might
raze them to the ground. Eerything
we are building, we build for peace,
for the happiness of mankind, and
we are ready to uphold this happiness
to the end.
Soviet People Deeply Hate
War
By A. Urzhumov
Miner employed at " Yuzhnaya " colliery
operated by " Kuzbasugol."
As I signed the World Peace Councils'
Appeal I felt very grateful to our Soviet
Government. Soviet people deeply
hate war. They hate it because it brings
death to millions of plain people and
also because it destroys treasures that
it took many centuries of human labour
to create.
Joy of Creative Labour
By H. Pall and H. Raagmet
Spinners employed at the "Baltiskaya Manu-
faktura " mills
We are writing this letter in the new
spinning department of the "Baltiskaya
Manufaktura " Textile :Mills. This
department was built to replace the old
shop, which was destroyed by the
Hitlerite invaders during the war. The
new building is roomier, has a higher
ceiling and better light. The old equip-
ment that was little productive has been
replaced by spinning machines of
Soviet make. Never before have the
working conditions of our textile
workers been so excellent.
Our entire works has risen from ruins.
The Soviet Government spent many
millions to rehabilitate the " Baltis-
kaya Manufaktura."
The women workers of our shop,
ardently support the demand of the
peace partisans for the conclusion of a
Pact of Peace among the five Great
Powers.
We Want Orchards to Bloom
By I. Gorshkov
Director of the Michurin Central Genetics
Laboratory.
P. Yakorlev ; Academician S. Chernenko
Prof. A. Bakharev, and Candidates of
the Agricultural Sciences A. Kuzmin, Y.
Lesyuk, and G. Buzulin
There is plenty of fruit this autumn.
A rich crop of grapes has ripened in
Michurin orchards, and Michurin fruit
with its delicate, inimitable colouring,
is being shipped to many cities in our
Country.
We, followcrr of I. V. M,tchurW are
labouring to produce new, frost-resist.
ing, high-yield and high-quality fruits
and melons, and plants for use in in-
dustry ; we are developing new varieties
of apples, pears, cherries, plums and
grapes that grow far up North. We
want to beautify our country with
blooming fruit orchards.
We want peace for the people's hap-
piness.
The very thought of seizing other
lands and ruling over other people is
alien to us, Soviet people. We are
busy at our peaceful, creative labour.
We are happy to place our signatures
under the World Peace Council's
Appeal.
The Humanism of Soviet
Science
By Prof. Filatov,
Hero of Socialist Labour
These days, when all Soviet people
are signing the Appeal for the con-
clusion of a Peace Pact, I feel an urge
to tell of my thoughts.
The hard years of the war are
still fresh in the minds of the peoples.
To me, as one who has dedicated his
life to restore people's sight, it was
particularly painful to see the wounded
who were brought to the hospital with
bandaged eyes. Among them were not
men from the front alone ; there were
also civilians from town and village,
old men, women and children.
To us, Soviet physicians, members of
the most "humane profession, war is
hateful, for it brings sickness and
suffering, epidemics and wounds and
poverty and death.
We, Soviet physicians, call upon all
progressive people all over the world
to unite in order not to permit the out-
break of a new war, not to permit des-
truction of the attainments of culture
that has been created by loving hands.
I am signing the Appeal for the
conclusion of a Peace Pact by the five
Great Powers in the name of life,
happiness, health and wellbeing of the
hundreds of millions of plain people
around the globe.
The Teacher's Duty
By Khatura Asylbekova,
Teacher at secondary school in Belbulak
Village, Alma Ala Region, Kazakh SSR
If humanity is to prosper there mast
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be peace. That is the truth. But
abroad, in the capitalist countries, there
are people possessing black souls and
harbouring black thoughts, people like
Churchill and Truman, who are think-
ing of a new devastating war.
We, Soviet people, are building a new
and happy life. Gigantic hydro-electric
stations, going up on the Volga, the
Dnieper, the Don and the Amu Darya,
will convert vast stretches of our country
into regions of abundance. On the other
hand, the capitalists of America and
Britain are forging arms with which to
annihilate people and destroy towns
and villages.
A daughter of a downtrodden, igno-
rant Kazakh nomad, I acquired a
higher education under the Soviet
system and became a teacher.
Every morning on getting to school
I sec the happy faces of children thirst-
ing for knowledge, for science. Is there
anything that can make a teacher hap-
pier ?
Like the thousands of other Soviet
schools, our school is bringing up educa-
ted and cultured people, developing in
them fervent love and devotion for their
peace-loving native Soviet Land, and
respect for all peoples in. the world,
irrespective of nationality or colour of
their skin.
We Hold Peace Dear
By A. Kakabayev
Twice Hero of Socialist Labour, President
of "Bolshevik" kolkhoz, Kunya Urgench
District, Tashauz Region
We want peace, we hold peace dear.
It is a joy to live and work in the peace-
ful Soviet Land ! Happiness fills your
heart to the brim when you see how
with every passing year our country
grows richer and her might multiplies.
How long is it since the black night
which had enveloped Turkmenian land
had dissipated and grief, and poverty,
and oppression, and lack of culture
have receded into the past ? Not much
more than 30 years. But what changes
have taken place during this period in
the ancient land of Turkmenia !
What formerly was semi-colonial
border region of tsarist Russia the
Turkmenian Socialist Republic has de-
veloped with its industries and kol-
khozes. The dreams of the Turkmenian
people--dreams of water and of trans-
formation of the deserts-have come
true. Thanks to the attention. given
by the Soviet Government and Com-
rade Stalin personally and thanks to the
Approved
fraternal help given by the great Russian
people, scores of new dams and sluices
have been built and great irrigation
systems have been constructed. And
under construction in Turkmer:ia now
is a grand hydrotechnical development
-the Main Turkmenian Canal.
All People on Earth Have
Been Created to Live a Free
Life
By Shaikh Ul Islam Ali Zade
Arkhund Aga Javad Ogly
President of the Ecclesiastical Office
of the Missultnans of Transcaucasia
Brazenly trampling upon every law
of man and God, humanity's monsters,
the imperialists of the United States of
America are preparing to hurl the whole
world into the bloody abyss of a new,
monstrous slaughter of the peoples.
Death and destruction threaten every
country, every town and village, every
family and every individual. Seized
by diabolical arrogance, America's
bankers and capitalists have made up
their minds to enthrall the entire globe,
to make all people their slaves.
They have thus risen against the
natural rights of people and the will of
the Most High, for all people on earth
have been created to live a free life. All
peoples are equal and no one has been
created by Allah to rule over others.
There is no greater sin than oppressing
peoples, and one commiting it deserves
people's hatred.
We, Mussulmans of Transcaucasia,
wholeheartedly support the peaceable
policy of the Soviet Government the
aim of which is the good of the people
and their greater security. Faithful
Mussulmans, one and all, crave peace
and their greater security. Faithful
Mussulmans, one and all, crave peace
and tranquillity and are sending up
fervent prayers to Allah that peace may
be preserved. We are at one with all
our people and with the hundreds of
millions of people of good will in all
countries in our will to peace.
People of good will must exert every
effort to prevent war and make it im-
possible. We must not let it happen
again that happy wives lcse their hus-
bands and become widows, and children
orphans. We must not permit a repe-
tition of the incredible suffering and the
destruction of culture created by the
hands of mankind.
Ever ready to ",defend the cause of
peace I shall place my signature under
the Appeal for the conclusion of a Pact
of Peace and I call upon all mullahs and
all fa thful Mussulmans to certify by
their signatures to this Appeal their
steady and firm desire to battle for peace.
For Light and Happiness
By Vera Inber, writer
One cannot help being excited when
looking at a map of our country, at
the spots marking the great construction
works of Communism. The globe has not
hitherto known such transformations.
It is not for nothing that scientists as-
sert that with respect to scale these
changes may be compared only with
geological processes which change the
earth's crust. New seas appear. Rivers
change their course. Deserts turn into
fields and gardens. A new climate is in,
the making.
The hot wind which dries up every-
thing in its path, coming up against
the forest shelter belts rolls away and is
met by a water reservoir. It turns aside
and finds a lapping sea. Becoming
furious, the wind wants to raise clouds
of dust into the air but cannot find
the old familiar desert. Verdant gardens
have taken its place.
Signing the Appeal of the World Peace Council
at the State Academic Maly Theatre. People's
Artist of the USSR relena Gogoleva, is seen here
signing the Appal.
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All this is being created for a peace-
ful, happy life for Soviet people. The
Stalin plan for remaking Nature is a
peace strategy plan, and the great
constructio; k works of Communism are
out posts of peace.
Ourart pictures the labour of peace-
ful people, the.bcauty of the transform-
ed, renewed, earth and the grandeur of
labour heroism for the glory of the
Motherland.
In our literature not a line will be
found in praise of war. The heroes of
Soviet books are courageous, noble and
staunch people : foremost men in pro-
duction, innovators in science, people of
daring, of firm will, clear mind and
pure heart.
We stand for life, for light and ha- Housewives /lacing '
ppiness. their signatures to
the Appeal of the
World Peace Council.
Peace Be With You People!
By M. Galfayan
Head of a brigade employed to the Winding
Shop of Electrotechnical Works, Stalin
Prize Winner
I want to begin with the words of
greeting used among Armenian people :
Peace be with you, people I
Peace-how good it sounds. At this
moment I atn sitting at home, at my
desk. A clean sheet of paper lies be-
fore me.' t was ash edto write. But how
difficult it.is to .Writ6 about what is
most important, of_ what one wants
most.
I open the door and in the other room
I see my wife busy at her housekeeping
chores. Sitting; at the table are three of
our four children, two sons and
daughter :'doing their school home
work. 'Ihe youngest, Ashotik, is fast
asleep in his little bed.
But then I close my eyes for a mo-
ment, and I see two scenes before me :
fiery-red and black explosions, dense
pillars of smoke and cities going up in
flame, and dead bodies, the dead bodies
of children I I saw those things with
my own eyes at the front during the
Patriotic War.
This is what the warmongers want to
repeat in a new big war. This is what
they are doing in Korea and Viet
Nam.
All Soviet people say : " With great happiness we place our
signatu res to the Appeal of the World Peace Council."
Discussing thel resolution of-'he plenum of the Soviet Peace Committee
at, v of the construetion sites of a tall building in Aloscow.
For The Happiness Of
Our Children
By Maria Vaheoja
My wish is for peace, a long and joy-
ous peace. And that is not just my
wish ; it is a! so the wish of my com-
rades, and the wish of the entire Arme-
nian people.
Peace for us is joy, the laughter of
Mother Heroine, Chairman of the First
May Collective Farm, Estonian SSR.
Today, when Soviet folk are signing
the Appeal of the World Peace Council,
children, it is life, labour. Decades,
centuries of peace for us, our children,
our grandchildren-that is what we
want. !.
4
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I want to tell of the thoughts and feelings
that move me-the mother of eleven
children--and which moves every mother
in our land.
When I look upon my children my
heart rejoices. My oldest daughters,
Natalia, Maria and Helga, are working
in the collective farm. They are raising
bumper crops of wheat and rye, laying
out new orchards, draining the swa mp-
land. Can they wish for a new war
when our life is becoming better and
better with every hour ? I frequently
receive letters from my younger child-
ren-Juri, Alexander, Paul and Vaike.
What an interesting life they are lead-
ing ! My son Alexander is a student of
the Olustveresk Agricultural Technicum,
and soon he will be an agronomist.
He, the son of a woman who was just
a farm hand, dreams of beautifying
his native land with flourishing gardens !
My daughter Vaike goes to secondary
school. She writes me letters about
Young Pioneer meetings, about
the interesting excursions they make,
about what the pupils do in their
Young Michurinite circles at school.
She also wants to become an agronomist
and help remake Nature in her native
land.
We Soviet mothers are against war
We curse the blood thirsty American
and British butchers who plan to drop
bombs on Soviet people, on our
children.
Soviet seamen are with great enthusiasm signing the Appeal of the World Peace Council.
K. Krrpov, one of the oldest workers of the Leningrad Commercial Seaport, is seen here signing the
Appeal, surrounded by his fellow workers.
In signing the Appeal of the World the still happier future of Soviet young
Peace Council I firmly believe that men and women-the builders of Com-
peace will be preserved. We shall suc- munism !
ceed in safeguarding the happy life and
ollective farmers of the J. Y. Stalin Collective 1%arn, (Turkmen
SSR) signing the Appeal of the World Peace Council for the
conclusion of a Peace Pact between the five Great Powers.
Hero of Socialist Labour Ata Mashakov, brigade leader,
signing the Appeal.
Signing the Appeal of the World Peace Council
for the conclusion of a Pact of Peace between the five
Great Powers at the Voroshilov Collective Farm
(Aloscozo Region). Collective farmer Maria Kozlova
signing the Appeal.
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All Able Bodied Citizens Assured
Employment in USSR
By D. Valentei, M.Sc. (Economics)
IN the great Land of Soviets, which occupies a vast terri-
tory in Europe and Asia extending from the ;Baltic Sea
to the Pacific Ocean, people have long forgotten of hunger,
poverty and unemployment. Every Soviet citizen, man or
woman, is assured work. The number of factory workers
and other employees in national economy is growing year
after year.
This is not a transient and not an accidental phenomenon
in the life of the Soviet society. It is a definite law govern-
ing its development.
In the Soviet Union the workers and peasants have be-
come masters of their own destiny, for the first time in man-
kind's history. All that is necessary for producing all the
benefits and amenities of life the entire national economy of
the country, is in the hands of the workers and peasants.
The development of national economy is directed by the
Soviet people in their own interest, i.e., in the interest of the
working people.
Purpose of Production
In the countries, where the means of production are
privately owned, production is run for the purpose of profit
which is pocketed by the owners. The purpose of produc-
tion in the Soviet Union is to satisfy the material and cul-
tural requirements of all the many millions of working
people. Production develops not spontaneously but in a
planned manner, on the basis of unified state: national
economic plans.
Every year the life of the peoples in the Soviet Union
is becoming better and happier. Wages, salaries and
peasant (collective farmer) incomes are rising. The Soviet
Government is consistently pursuing its policy of consecu-
tive reductions of prices for food and general consumer
goods ; this means that the working people can afliord to buy
more food and other goods, i.e., their real earnings are
growing. Thanks to freedom from unemployment, from
insecurity and uncertainty of the future, public consumption
(the purchasing capacity of the population) grows faster
than production and stimulates the latter. This is the
very opposite of the process at work in the capitalist count-
ries where the purchasing capacity of the masses lags cons-
tantly behind the growth of production, and the result is
economic crises.
Constant Growth of Industrial Production
In order to meet the growing demands of the population,
the Soviet Government is steadily widening the scale of
production in accordance with specially prepared plans.
More and more factories and mills, power stations, railways
and highways, irrigation canals, etc., are being built.
More than 1,500 big industrial enterprises were built in
Soviet Union in 1928-1932, 4500-in 1933-1937, and
more than 6,000 big and medium industrial enterprises
have been restored or built anew and put into operation
under the postwar Five-Year Plan for Restoration and
Development of the National Economy of the USSR'(1.946-
1950), apart from the many smaller enterprises built by the
state, by the collective farms and cooperative societies.
The rate of increase in industrial production is growing
in the USSR year after year. In 1946 industrial output
increased by 20 per cent as against the previous year, an
increase of 22 per cent was registered in 1947, of 27 per cent
in 1948 and of 20 per cent in 1949. It is known that in
1950 the volume of industrial production in the USSR
was 73 per cent above the prewar, level (1940) and 17 per
cent above the provisions of the Five-Year Plan (1946--
1950).
Unemployment has been completely banished from
the USSR a long time ago as a result of the uninterrupted
advancement of national economy. Consequently, the
ranks of the workers must be replenished in order to keep
the new industrial enterprises running. Therefore all the
able-bodied citizens in the Soviet Union have no difficulty
in finding their place in the social production process, and
every new generation has unlimited possibilities for the ap-
plication of its labour, knowledge and abilities for the benefit
of all the people. At the end of 1950 there were 39,200,000
workers and other employees occupied in the national
economy of the USSR, or 7,700,000 more than in
1940.
."Surplus Population" No Problem in USSR
The problem of a "surplus population " can never arise
in the USSR owing to the remarkable advantages of the
socialist system of economy. Far from having any fear of
a rapid increase in the population, the Soviet society
on the contrary encourages it. The Soviet State allocates
scores of billions of rubles annually for social and cultural
undertakings, for social insurance, allowances to mothers
of large families, for the maintenance of a vast network
of maternity homes, mother and child health centres, kinder-
gartens, nurseries, etc. The steadily rising living and cul-
tural standards of the working population are responsible
for the fact that the birth rate in the USSR is much higher
than in pre-revolutionary Russia.
Confident of their Future
The successful fulfilment and overfulfilment of the pro-
visions of the first postwar Five-Year Plan, the majestic
construction projects of Communism now being carried
into life by the Soviet people, the implementation of the
great plan for remaking nature in vast territories of the
Soviet State, stimulate the powerful growth of the pro-
ductive forces of the USSR and improvements in the
living standard of the Soviet people.
That is why all the Soviet citizens-:men and women,
aged folk and the youth-are confident of their future,
.and of the future of their children and grandchildren. The
Soviet people who work in their own interests and enjoy all
the fruits of their peaceful constructive labour, stint no efforts
lbr promoting the development of all the industries, agricul-
ture, science and culture in their country.
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 Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415RO10200020023-0
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OVER 100,000 rivers, exceeding 2 million kilometres in
length flow through the territory of the Soviet Union.
From times immemorial the rivers, particularly in
the European section of the USSR, played a prominent
part in the country's national economy, primarily as means
of transport. In the 9th and 10th centuries wide use was
already made of the Dnieper, which served as a busy com-
mercial route between the Baltic Sea and Constantinople
via the Black Sea. Later, the Volga and its biggest tri-
butaries-Oka and Kama-acquired dominating import-
ance. The Don (which falls into the Azov Sea), Northern
Dvina (flowing into the White Sea), Neva (into the Baltic
Sea), and others also belong to the important rivers in the
European section of the USSR.
LEGEND: :.
Some work was carried out in tsarist Russia to improve
the navigation along these rivers. The Volga, for instance,
was united with the Neva and Northern Dvina in its upper
reaches by a system of locks and canals. But large-scale
utilization of the country's water resources developed only
in the years of Soviet Government.
Up to the Great October Socialist Revolution practically
no construction of hydroelectric stations took place, in spite
of the colossal amount of hydropower resources in the
country. In the years of Soviet power the USSR was
covered with a wide network of hydroelectric stations.
The biggest hydroelectric station in Europe was built on
the Dnieper, three powerful stations in the upper reaches
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of the Volga, and a number of power stations on Caucasian,
Central Asian and other rivers, as well as important navi-
gation canals-the White Sea -Baltic Sea, linking the
Finnish Gulf with the White Sea, and the Moskva--Volga.
Construction of hydroelectric stations on the Dnieper,
Upper Volga and a number of other rivers considerably
improved navigation. Many rivers, previously unused,
were made navigable.
At A Soviet
"A ietterfrom the Kirghiz SSR?
By Yakov Usherenko
The construction of the new gigantic hydroelectric sta-
tions and canals now under way on the Volga, Don, Dnieper
and Amu Darya, marks an important stage in the Stalin
plan for remaking the country's nature and will solve a
number of complex tasks of national-economic importance
in the sphere of developing the power resources, irrigation
and transport.
The map published by us shows systematically the re-
construction of the waterways of the European section of the
USSR as a res
lt
f fi
i
hi
h
k
u
o
s
ng; t
n
e wor
on the great cons-
truction works. The new electric stations on the Volga, and
Kama will turn the great Russian river into a kind of chain
of lake-reservoirs, which will ensure a deep-water route
along the whole length of the river. Through the Volga-
Don Canal and the River Don the Volga will have con-
nections with the Azov and Black Seas, and through the
latter with the Dnieper; through the Main Turkmen Canal,
with the rivers of Central Asia and the Aral Sea, and through
the Stalingrad Canal, with the Ural River. In this way,
all these big rivers and six seas-Baltic, White, Black,
Azov, Caspian and Aral seas-will be joined into a. single
gigantic transport system, with the two latter seas (now
closed basins), receiving an outlet to other seas. The new
canals-Main Turkmen, Stalingrad, South Ukrainian and
North Crimean-will not only be used for irrigation but
also for navigation. The total length of the navigation
canals will constitute over 4,500 kilometres.
New ports are being erected on the rivers, canals and
reservoirs. Many cities which are now situated far away
from water will find themselves on the banks of lake-reser-
voirs and deep canals. Moscow, capital of the Soviet:
Union, will become a port of six seas. Plans are now being
worked out for new passenger and cargo shipping lines ;
some of them will be organized already at the beginning
of next year, after navigation opens on the Volga-Don Canal,
Passenger and cargo vessels of the latest designs are being
built for the Volga and other rivers.
River transport in the USSR will increase several-fold
within the next few years. This will have a big effect orr
the national economy because water transport is much more
economical and cheaper than railway. After its recons-
truction forty times more freight will pass along the Volga
than could pass along a railway line of the same length
when working at maximum capacity.
()NLY ten years ago nothing except the siren of a rare
car passing by would break the silence that had ruled
at this suburb of the city of Frunze-capital of the
Kirghiz Republic. The factory buildings and big apart-
ment houses appeared here in the years of the war against
Hitler Germany and during the period of the first post-war
Five Year Plan.
" If you ask me when was the construction of our jute
Mill completed," says the Director of this enterprise Achekei
Rysaliev, " I don't think I'll be able to answer. The mill,
all. its shops went into operation in 1942, but construction
has been continued without interruption. Year by year,
we are expanding production, receiving new equipment,
building new premises and apartment houses and various
communal service establishments for the workers.
Practically there are two bodies of workers at the jute
mill: the mill's engineers and workers who are manufac-
turing jute goods in increasingly big quantities, and the
collective of hundreds of builders who are working at the
construction of new shops, apartment houses, etc.
As at all other textile enterprises of the Soviet Union,
all principal production processes at the Frunze Jute Mill,
are mechanized.
The chief engineer of the factory, Jusupov took
us around the well-lighted, roomy shops and acquainted
us with the technological process of converting the fibre
into durable high grade burlap. We saw heaps of fibre
processed by a system of various highly efficient Soviet
machines, and in the final run, transformed into huge piles
of sacks for industry and agriculture.
The fibre, directly from the warehouses, is worked by
the jute crushers, wherefrom it goes to the factory stores
for seasoning. Then the fibre is sent for further processing
to the department of the coarse wool and fine wool machines.
All this is only a thorough preparatory working of the fibre
before it gets to the two principal shops : the spinning and
the weaving shops. When the looms complete their work,
electric cars deliver the burlap to the measuring shop
where it is given the last check up and then the numerous
machines of the sewing shops turn it into sacks.
Thus, the entire technological process requires of the
men and women workers of the jute mill not physical effort
but skilful operation of the machinery, the ability to make
the machine do its utmost. The better the machines are
manned, the greater the earnings of the men and women
workers employed at the mill. Here are some typical ex-
amples : women-weavers Burulkhan Kenjebaeva and Zhemal
Matkasimova have increased their earnings 20-30 per
cent for the last six months alone-this is primarily a result
of their faultless manning of their looms.
In Frunze, just as in the other towns of the Soviet Union,
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The tireless, peaceful, constructive labour of the Soviet
people is changing the aspect of the country with miraculous
speed and is placing all the forces of nature at the service
of man.
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34th Anniversary of the
Great October Socialist
Revolution
Report Delivered by L. P. BERIA
at the Celebration Meeting
of the Moscow Soviet on
November 6, 1951
SUPPLEMENT TO SOVIET 1AND
NO. 22, NOVEMBER 25, 1951
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34th Anniversary of Great October Socialist Revolution
Report Delivered by L. P. BERIA at the Celebration
Meeting of the Moscow Soviet on November 6, 1951
Comrades,
The peoples of the Soviet Union are today cele-
brating the 34th anniversary of the Great October
Revolution illumined by the genius of Lenin, a re-
volution which opened up before humanity the road
to a new, socialist world. Every year of progress
along this road brings our homeland new successes.
All the work of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet
Government during the period from the 33rd to the
34th anniversary of the October Revolution, as during
all the years since the death of the great Lenin,
passed under the wise leadership of our leader, Com-
rade Stalin. (Prolonged applause). Comrade
Stalin, with brilliant perspicacity, is giving the
Party and the people their orientation in the most
complex phenomena of internal and international
life and mapping out perspectives of further develop-
ment. Comrade Stalin's inexhaustible energy in the
day-to-day leadership of undertakings both big and
small, and his ability to determine the main tasks of
the Soviet State and focus all our efforts on their ful-
filment, are ensuring the great victories of the peoples
of the Soviet Union in building Communism. (Ap-
plause).
The past year, 1.950, was the year of completion
of the first, postwar Five-Year Plan. Soviet men and
women and all our friends abroad have been glad to
learn that the postwar Five-Year Plan for the reha-
bilitation and development of the national economy of
the U.S.S.R., a plan for the realisation of which
our people had to fight in the difficult conditions of
healing the grim wounds inflicted by the war, has
been carried out successfully. This, unquestionably,
is a new, great victory for the Soviet people, as
a result of which the might of our socialist state has
increased still more. Achievements in peaceful
construction have led to a further improvement in the
economic and cultural standards of the working
people.
In the field of foreign policy the Soviet Union
continued to wage a tireless struggle for peace, which
enhanced its international prestige still more.
Throughout the world the past year was marked
by the still sharper deliniation of two poles-two
centres of gravitation : on the one hand the Soviet
Union, heading the camp of socialism and democracy,
as the centre of gravitation for all the progressive
forces lighting to prevent a new war and strengthen
peace, for the right of the peoples to arrange their
life as they see fit ; on the other hand in the United
States of America which heads the camp of imperial-
ism as the centre of gravitation for the aggressive
and reactionary forces throughout the world that are
trying to unleash a new world war in order to plunder
and enslave other nations.
In the camp of socialism and 'democracy the past
year was a year of further development and consoli-
dation of forces of economic and cultural progress
and of improvement in the living standard of' the
working people. The peoples of the countries of
new democracy and the great Chinese people who
have wrested their destiny from the hands of imperialist
enslavers, are with the fraternal aid of the peoples of'
the Soviet Union joyously and confidently building
a new socialist life. (Applause).
In the camp of imperialism the past year was a
year of new aggravation of internal and external
contradictions of the further deepening of the
general crisis and weakening of the capitalist system,
the subordination of the entire economy to the cri-
minal aims of preparing war and a ruthless onslaught
against the vital interests of the working people.
New Achievements of Peaceful Construction
in the USSR
For our country 1951 has been a year of new
forward strides in socialist economy and culture. The
workers, collective farmers and intellectuals, engaged
in peaceful constructive effort for the good of their
homeland, are with tremendous enthusiasm: work-
ing to fulfil and overfulfil state plans. This is borne out
vividly by the patriotic letters to Comrade Stalin
published in the Press, letters in which industrial,
agricultural, transport and building workers report
their production victories and the new obligations
they have assumed in socialist competition.
The Bolshevik Party inspires and organises our
people in their heroic production feats, it is directing
their creative energy towards one goal-the triumph
of Communism. The great ideas of Lenin and Stalin
are daily getting a firmer grip on the minds of broad
masses of working people, redoubling their energy and
lighting up for them the road of struggle and victories.
['his finds expression in a conscientious attitude to
work and inexhaustible initiative in the fulfil-ment of'
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 duty to sbCiety and the state. 'T'his is the source of
the invincibility of our system, the source of continu-
ous successes in our work.
The results of work in the field of economic de-
velopment for ten months of this year indicate that
the national-economic plan for 1951 will be fulfilled
and overfulfilled. (Applause). Industrial produc-
tion is scheduled to reach a point more than 15 per
cent above the figure for last year and double the
figure for the prewar year of 1940, while basic in-
dustrial plant is to increase by 12 per cent over 1950.
Improvement in the technical equipment and skill
of the workers and improvement in the organisation
of production have made it possible to increase the pro-
ductivity of labour in industry by 10 percent,compared
with last year. Increased productivity of labour
accounts for nearly two-thirds of this year's rise in in-
dustrial production. This means that our industrial
output is increasing mainly thanks to a rise in the
productivity of labour.
The cutting of production costs as Comrade
Stalin has repeatedly pointed out, is an indication of
how well industry is working and one of the most
important sources of accumulation in the national
economy. At the same time it is an express con-
dition for the reduction of prices and, hence for an
improvement in the material well-being of the people.
This year the plan for cutting production costs will
be exceeded and in industrial production alone, will
yield an economy of 26,000 million roubles.
All branches of the heavy and light industries
have this year attained a pronounced increase in
production.
There is a considerable increase in the produc-
tion of iron and steel. Compared with last year, the
increase in pig-iron production alone will amount to
2,700,000 tons, for steel it will be about 4 million
tons and fir rolled steel 3 million tons. The Soviet
Union is now smelting roughly as much steel as
Britain, France, Belgium and Sweden taken together.
(Applause). Our metallurgists are now making
much more efficient use of blast furnaces and open-
hearth furnaces. This factor alone will, in 1951,
account for an extra.1,300,000 tons of pig-iron and
1,350,000 tons of steel.
No less significant is the increase achieved this
year in the production of non-ferrous and rare metals.
Both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy have
produced splendid workers, engineers, technicians and
industrial managers who have a thorough knowledge
of their job and are constantly improving the techno-
logy of production.
The plan in coal-mining is being carried out
successfully. During the past few years the annual
increase in coal production has averaged 24 million
tons. 'The coal industry of the U.S.S.R. is now not
only satisfying the requirements of our country, but
has also made it possible to build up the necessary
reserves.
The technical re-equipment of the coal industry,
carried out in the past few years, has made it possible
to mechanise in full such arduous and laborious work
as under-cutting, hewing and delivery of the coal in
the drift, as well as the underground transportation
and the loading of it into railway trucks.
The Soviet Government and Comrade Stalin per-
sonally are constantly taking steps to make the work
of the miners easier and improve their living con-
ditions in every possible way. Unlike the capitalist
countries where the miners are the most downtrodden
of the have-nots, the Soviet State surrounds the miners
with attention and honor, and in regard to wages the
personnel of the coal industry rank first among in-
dustrial workers. As a result, we have permanent
skilled forces of miners, ensuring the successful
development of the coal industry.
Even more significant are the achievements of
our oil industry. During the past few years the
annual increase in our oil production has amounted
to four and a half million tons. This year the plan
for oil production will be exceeded. The realisation
of an extensive prospecting programme has resulted
in the discovery of rich oil deposits in new areas and in
a considerable increase of explored industrial deposits
of oil.
Large scale work has been launched to build
new oil refineries and to enlarge existing ones. The
new refineries being commissioned this year, equipped
with first-class Soviet-made installations, will be able
to process 6 million tons annually.
It can safely be said, that the task formulated by
Comrade Stalin, that of increasing oil output to 60
million tons a year, will be carried out ahead of
schedule. (Applause).
Major achievements have been registered in the
field of electric power development in our country.
One hundred and four thousand million kilowatt
hours of electric power will be generated this year,
which exceeds the production of electric power in
Britain and France taken together. The increase in
electric power production this year alone amounts
to more than 13 thousand million kilowatt-hours,
which is seven times more than the total production
of electric power in pre-revolutionary Russia.
This year the scope of construction of new power
stations has increased still more. The total power
capacity of the electric stations and the new installa-
tions being commissioned this year will amount
approximately to 3 million kilowatts, which is roughly
the equivalent of five big power stations such as that
on the Dnieper.
Year by year our chemical industry makes new
forward strides. There has been a considerable
increase in the production of chemical fertilizers,
while the output of new organic weed-killers and
preparations to combat agricultural pests nearly
doubled compared with .1950. The production of
synthetic rubber has increased by 20 per cent com-
pared with last year. The chemical industry workers,
in close cooperation with Soviet scientists, have made
notable headway in solving major technical problems
in the field of chemistry.
Our economic development would be inconceiv-
able without the. continual growth and perfection of
the Soviet engineering industry, the basis of the tech-
nical progress of the entire national economy.
The total output of the engineering industry has
increased by 21 per cent compared with last year.
The production of the main types of power installa-
tions for electric stations will increase 2-3 times.
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This year we are making a steam turbine of one
hundred and fifty thousand kilowatts. Such a power-
ful turbine is being made for the first time in the
world, which testifies to the maturity of Soviet
science and engineering. The production of instal-
lations for the oil industry has nearly doubled com-
pared with 1950. This year the engineering
industry is turning out more than 400 new types of
machines and mechanisms.
Our machine builders may be proud of their
achievements in producing the most complicated
modern apparatus, geophysical, electro-mechanical,
electronic, electro vacuum and other precision ins-
truments.
"Thanks to the successful development of industry
and the growth in the production of agricultural raw
materials, there is a considerable expansion of the
production of consumer goods. On Comrade
Stalin's initiative the Soviet Governmenthas this year
taken steps to increase the production of foodstuffs
and manufactured goods over and above the targets
of the plan for the year. As a result, the population
will get more manufactured goods and foodstuffs
than in 1950, in the following proportion : fabrics 24
per cent more, knitwear 35 per cent, footwear 12 per
cent, meat and meat products 20 per cent, fish pro-
ducts 8 per cent, vegetable oil 35 per cent, butter 8
per cent, sugar 24 per cent, tea 38 per cent ; bicycles
nearly double, wireless sets 25 per cent more, clocks
and watches 11 per cent, cameras 39 per cent, sewing
machines 28 per cent and furniture 44 per cent more.
Our industry is launching the mass production of
television sets, refrigerators, washing and other do-
mestic machines.
As you see, our industry has notable successes.
But we must not forget about thre shortcomings in
the work of individual enterprises which, owing to had
organization of production and inefficient utilization of
modern machinery, are not fulfilling their assignments
in increasing the productivity of labour and reducing
production costs, use too much fuel and raw materials
and suffer losses through spoilage. The elimination
of these shortcomings would make it possible to
achieve a considerable additional saving.
Some of the enterprises, while fulfilling and over
fulfilling gross output plans, do not always cope with
state assignments regarding production of highly
important types of goods. The managers of these
enterprises evidently want to make their job easier and
are turning out goods that require the least effort
and bother. It is high time they realised that what
the state needs is not any kind of fulfil-ment and over-
fulfil-ment of plans, but such as would supply the
national economy with the goods it needs.
In our socialist economy every manager, be his job
big or small, must hold the interests of the state above
everything else and strictly observe state discipline.
We must resolutely do away with the narrow-minded,
purely departmental approach to their jobs that
certain economic managers still have, an approach
detrimental to the interests of our planned economy.
This year has witnessed the further development of
our socialist agriculture. The improved technical
equipment of agriculture and the better organization
of the work made it possible to carry out grain harvest-
ing this year in a shorter period of time and consi-
derably reduce grain losses. The collective and state
farms brought in a grain harvest of high quality, and
fulfilled their commitments, regarding state grain
deliveries and the stocking of seed ahead of schedule.
During the past few years the gross grain harvest
has each year exceeded 7,000 million poods.
The cotton and sugar-beet crops this year will be
bigger than last year. Our country is now producing
more cotton than such renowned cotton producers
as India, Pakistan and Egypt taken together. (App-
lause).
The collective and state farms are successfully
carrying out the Stalin programme for advancing
socialist animal husbandry. The publicly-owned
herds of the collective farms, together with the state
farm herds, now account for the greater part of our
livestock. The most important task in the field of
animal husbandry is still the expansion of the fodder
base.
livery year the state supplies our agriculture with
large quantities of the most modern machines. This
year it will receive 137,000 tractors in terms of 15-
horsepower units, 54,000 harvester combines, in-
cluding 29,000 self-propelled combines, and 2 million
other agricultural machines and implements. A great
deal is being done in the way of switching over to
power farming. All this will make it possible to me-
chanise the main agricultural. processes to a still
higher degree and make the work of the collective
farmers easier and more productive. The machine-
and-tractor depots arc at present doing more than two-
thirds of the entire field work for the collective farms.
This year nearly all the ploughing on the collective
farms was mechanised, three-quarters of the sowing
being done by tractor seeders, over 60 per cent of the
entire area under grain was harvested by combines.
All the most important agricultural work on the state
farms has been mechanised almost completely.
The wealth of the collective farms is steadily
increasing. Last year alone the indivisible funds of the
collective farmers increased by 11 per cent. It is
essential that the collective farmers should continue to
strengthen and develop in every way their common
property, which is the basis for the further progress of
the collective farms and improvement in the material
well-being of their members.
Our rail, river and sea transport is developing
parallel with industry and agriculture. The freight
carriage of our railways will increase this year by 11
per cent. Incidentally, this increase of 11 per cent
is nearly equal to the entire annual freight carriage
of British and French railways taken together. (App-
lause), The amount of cargo transported by river
vessels is scheduled to increase by 12 per cent by sea
vessels, 7 per cent. The task which continues to face
our vast army of transport workers is that of speeding
up the turnover of railway trucks and making better
use of the entire rolling stock of railway transport
and the river and sea vessels.
Our country is engaged on a vast, building pro-
gramme. The scale of capital construction is increas-
ing with every passing year. The volume of state
capital investments this year is more than two and
a half times greater than in the prewar year of 1940.
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Building organisations are receiving an ever in-
,creasing quantity of machines and mechanism ;
supplies of building materials have improved. 't'his
year the number of excavators, scrapers and bull-
dozers will be greatly increased. Output of cement
will increase by two million tons in the course of the
year. Production of bricks, slate, iron and ceramic
pipes and other building materials is increasing con-
siderably.
Our builders have made certain headway in
cutting the cost and reducing the time for construction.
However, there is still much to be done in this 11Jd.
Above all, work on building sites must be better or-
ganised, building machinery must be used more
efficiently, labour organisation improved, overhead
'expenses drastically reduced and it is necessary to
,rid building plans and outlays of all extravagance that
still swells building costs.
As you know, a special place in our building work
is occupied by the giant hydro-technical projects on
the Volga, the Don, the Dnieper and the Amu-Darya.
These construction jobs are without equal anywhere in
the world either in size or in rate of construction. The
-plans fixed by the Government for 1951 are being
successfully fulfilled and overfulfilled at all construc-
tion sites.
1952 will see the commissioning of the first of' these
,constructions-the Volga-Don waterway. The open-
ing of this waterway will link up into a single transport.
system all the seas of the European part of the U.S.S.R.
(Applause).
Major economic problems will be solved as a result
of the realisation of these majestic hydro-technical
projects. The new power stations alone will generate
.annually twenty-two and a half thousand million
'kilowatt-hours of cheap electric power, which is
nearly equal to the entire annual production of electric
power in Italy. The extension of the area under
irrigation will make it possible to grow an extra
three million tons of cotton a year, which is more than
n third of the average annual production of cotton in
the United States : it will make it possible to grow an
':extra 500 million poods of wheat, 30 million pools
,of rice, and 6 million tons of sugar-beet. The herd
.of canle in these areas will increase by 2 million head,
sheep by 9 million.
These constructions were launched on the ini-
tiative of Comrade Stalin who displays unflagging
concern for the well-being and prosperity of our home-
land, for making the labour of the Soviet people
,easier and improving their standard of life. Comrade
`Stalin's initiative met with the hearty support of our
entire people, who have rightly called these cons-
tructions the great Stalin construction. works of
(Communism. (Prolonged applause).
Unlike the countries of capitalism, where pro-
duction serves the aims of profit-making and the en-
richment of a handful of exploiters, in our country the
interests of the working people are the primary con-
sideration in the development of the entire national
economy. Year by year the national income
grows, and, on this basis, there is a rise in the incomes
of factory and office workers and peasants. In 1951
the national income of the U.S.S.R. will rise by 12
-per cent over 1950.
The Soviet Government is conducting a policy of
systematically reducing the prices of consumer goods.
In Macrh 1951 the state retail prices of foodstuffs
and manufactured goods were cut again, for the
fourth time in recent years, thereby ensuring a further
rise in the real wages of factory and office workers
and reduced expenditure by the peasants now buying
manufactured goods at a cheaper price.
The total trade turnover is scheduled to increase
this year by 15 per cent compared with last year.
However, it must be said that there are still not a
few shortcomings in the work of the trading organisa-
ons. The demands of the population are still not
studied adequately, mistakes are made in the ship-
ment of individual items to various regions and re-
publics and available resources of goods are not
always skilfully utilised. The workers of the trade
network must seriously improve their work of catering
to the Soviet consumer.
The Party and the Government are constantly
taking steps to improve the living conditions of the
people. New houses with a total floor-space of
roughly 27 million square metres are being tenanted
this year in cities and workers' settlements ; 400,000
dwelling houses will be built by the collective farmer
in rural areas.
It is most gratifying that as a result of the im-
proved standard of life of the people and the successes
of the Soviet health service, the mortality rate in our
country has dropped to half what it was in the prewar
year of 1940, (Applause), while infant mortality
has decreased even more appreciably. The annual
increase in population in the U.S.S.R. has, for several
years past, been greater than in 1940 and exceeds 3
million. (Applause).
Whereas in the camp of capitalism the imperialist
cannibals are engaged in inventing various " scienti-
fic " means for wiping out the best part of humanity
and reducing the birthrate, in our country as Comrade
Stalin has said, people are the most precious capital,
and their well-being and happiness are the Govern-
ment's prime concern.
Problems of training and educating specialists for
all branches of economic and cultural life have
always occupied, and today occupy, an important
place in the system of our state measures. This year
2,720,(.;00 people are studying in our colleges and
technical schools ; in 1951 alone our colleges and
technical schools graduated 463,000 young people. At
the present time there are over 5 million specilaists
with college or secondary technical education in our
country, while the number of skilled practical spe-
cialists, trained on the job and educated at courses
after working hours, is no less.
Much of the credit for all our achievements goes
to Soviet science. Our scientists have of late solved
a number of most important scientific problems per-
taining to our economy and defence. In a number of
branches of knowledge Soviet scientists now occupy
a leading position in developing world science. A
noteworthy factor of recent times is the considerable
broadening and strengthening of the ties between
Soviet scientists and workers in production. This is
not only conducive to the better introduction of the
achievements of science into production, but also
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enriches science with the experience and the creative
thought of the vast army of innovators in industry,
transport and agriculture.
One of the most striking expressions of cultural
progress in our country is afforded by the flowering
of literature and the arts. Embodying as they do
the great ideas of Communism in concrete images,
they are a powerful means of educating the masses
in the spirit of Communism, in the spirit of Soviet
patriotism and internationalism. This year, like
previous years, witnessed the appearance of a number
of works of high merit both in literature and in the arts,
works truthfully portraying the high moral qualities
of Soviet people, their life and struggle to enhance
the might of their homeland, for peace and friendship
between the nations, for happiness of people the
world over.
While directing the main energies and resources
of the country towards the further advancement of
the national economy and culture, the Party and the
Government are not losing sight of the need to
strengthen the country's defences. Historical ex-
perience has fully borne out Comrade Stalin's
repeated warnings that, in conditions of capitalist.
encirclement, the land of victorious Socialism must
constantly be prepared to repel possible aggression
on the part of the imperialist powers. This year,
just as always, the Party and the Government did
everything in order that the heroic Soviet people,
working enthusiastically to erect the majestic edifice
of Communism, should continue to have no qualms
about the future of their country. (Applause).
The Soviet Army and Navy, with their matchless
morale and fighting qualities known throughout the
world, have at their disposal every type of modern
arms necessary to inflict a crushing blow on anyone
who, despite the convincing lessons of history, may
again have the audacity to attack our homeland.
(Prolonged, tumultuous applause).
As is known, a decisive factor in our victories are
the advantages of our social and state system engend-
ered by the October Revolution. One of the most
striking expressions of these advantages is the fact that
the Soviet system has for the first time released, and
given free reign to, the great energy of the people,
-giving rise to the powerful activity and inexhaustible
creative initiative of the masses, who have been
liberated from capitalist exploitation. It is this
activity and initiative of the masses that is the most
important wellspring of the invincible strength of
Communism. Further improvement in the work of
the Party and State bodies, and public organisa-
tions, which are mobilising and organising this creative
activity of the people, remains the constant concern
of the Party and the Government.
Soviet men and women are invariably successful
in their work because they are free from conceit
and complacency, never rest on their oars and gauge
their achievements primarily in the light of the great
tasks of the future. Criticism and self-criticism, as
Comrade' Stalin teaches us, are the law of our
development and the decisive factor in overcoming all
routine and hidebound conservatism, in overcoming
everything obsolete and 'senile, everything that
hampers our victorious march onward. The, degree of
consciousness of the masses and the theoretical-
ideological training of personnel, determine, in large
measure, the effectiveness of Bolshevik criticism and
self-criticism. As usual, our Party is giving primary
attention to the Communist education of the masses,
to raising the ideological and political level of cadres,
to their mastering of the great teachings of Marx,
Engels, Lenin and Stalin.
Parallel with our achievements in Communist
construction, the motive forces of the development of
our Socialist society are constantly growing and gain-
ing in strength. Every day in the life and labour of
the workers, peasants and intellectuals of our country
affords new striking manifestations of patriotism, of
the moral and political unity of Soviet society and
the friendship of the peoples of the U.S.S.R. The
indomitable unity of will and purpose of the peoples
of our country, the unity of their material and moral
forces is one of the principal pillars of the might of
our homeland. It is thanks to this unity that our
state is in a position to cope with tasks so great that
formerly they could not have been even dreamt of
by the boldest of human minds.
Soviet Union in Struggle for Peace
The tremendous scope of peaceful construction in
our country affords eloquent proof of the peaceful
character of the Soviet Union's foreign policy and
exposes the slander-mongers who chatter about the
aggressive intentions of our Government.
" No state," Comrade Stalin has said, " including
the Soviet State, can expand its civil industry to the
full, launch great construction works such as the
hydro-electrlc stations on the Volga, the Dnieper
and the Amu-Darya, which require budget outlays
running into tens of thousands of millions, continue
the policy of systematically reducing consumer
goods prices, which likewise requires budget outlays
running into tens of thousands of millions, invest
hundreds of thousands of millions in the restoration
of the national economy ravaged by the German
occupationists, and at the same time, parallel with
this, enlarge its armed forces and expand war industry.
It is not difficult to see that such a reckless policy
would cause a state to go bankrupt."
The Soviet State's policy of peace was engendered
by the October Socialist Revolution. The more
than thirty years history of Soviet rule shows that the
October Revolution is a rev( lution of creation, of the
planned buildir.g of a new Communist society. The
wars forced upon us by enemies only interfered with
our great ur_dertakir.g.
Comrade Stalin in his report to the 14th Congress
of the Party defined the foreign policy of the Soviet
Government with the greatest possible clarity...
"The essence of the policy of our Govern merit, its
foreign policy, is the idea of peace. To fight for peace,
to fight against new wars, to expose all steps taken
with the aim of preparing a new war... this is our
task."
There has not been a single international con-
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ference or meeting with the Soviet (Jnion's parti-
cipation, at which the representatives of the Soviet
Government have not put forward constructive pro-
posals aimed at preventing internationl conflicts and
safeguarding peace and security. But our efforts
in this direction have, in most cases, come up against
the'direct counter-action of the ruling circles in a
number of bourgeois states. The situation is scarcely
different after the Second World War, from which--
one would think,--the statesmen of many countries
should have drawn the proper lessons.
The people made enormous sacrifice and suffered
enormous privation in defeating the aggressive fascist
bloc in the hope that after victory they would be
ensured conditions for peaceful development. The
Second World War was still raging when Comrade
Stalin voiced the warning that it was not enough to
win the war, that it was also necessary t) ensure a stable
and lasting peace between the nations. But the blood
of millions of victims had not yet dried on the fields of
battle when already the American-British imperial-
ists began plotting a new war. Immediately after
the war the ruling cirlces in the United States,
Britain and France took the path of directly violating
the most important agreements achieved by the
Great Powers during the war, the path of undermining
international co-operation and knocking together an
aggressive bloc in order to plunge the nations into
the calamity of a new world slaughter.
There is no need to enumerate here the facts that
are known to all. Suffice it to point only that the Uni-
ted States of America is openly reviving the two hot-
beds of war-in the West-in the zone of Germany and
in the Fast-in the zone ofJapan, the liquidation of
which in the last war cost the freedom-loving peoples
millions of human lives, colossal material sacrifice
and immeasurable suffering.
Of late there is taking place the remilitarisation of
Western Germany with the utilisation for this pur-,
pose of Hitlerite war criminals. And in this restoration:
of German militarism, contrary to common sense, the
present rulers of France are taking a most active
part, although the French people have twice in one
generation experienced all the horrors of German
aggression. It is easy to understand why the rulers of
America prefer to implement their plans for Germany?
through the medium of docile people from among the
French, in the guise of the " Schuman Plan" ; the
Pleven Plan " and so forth. But the peoples of
Europe cannot but realize that this creates a serious
menace to peace. The Soviet Government could not
overlook this flagrant violation not only of the Potsdam
Agreement but of the French-Soviet treaty of alliance
and mutual aid concluded in 1.944. It has notified the
French Government in special Notes of 1. he dangerous
implications of the latter's present policy and of the
responsibility of the French Government for the
situation that has arisen.
The American-British bloc recently manipulated
the so-called peace treaty with Japan, and, in addi-
tion, the United States concluded a military agree-
ment with Japan, thereby openly embarking on the
restoration of Japanese militarism.
World public opinion is indignant over the fact
that the great Chinese people who suffered most
from Japanese aggression and who made a tremen-
dous contribution to the defeat of Japanese im-
perialism, were barred from participation in the
peace treaty with Japan, while the Americans make
use of the signatures of representatives of Honduras,
Costa-Rica and similar small semi-colonial states
which, far from taking part in the defeat of irnperial-
ist Japan, waxed rich on the war with Japan through
their numerous merchants and landed proprietors.
It is no secret to anyone that this separate treaty
with Japan serves not peace but preparation for war.
The Soviet Union which has repeatedly insisted on
the conclusion of a real, just peace treaty with Japan
on the basis of the Cairo and Potsdam declarations.
and the Yalta agreement, would have betrayed its-
traditional policy of peace had it put its signature
to such a " peace " treaty. The worth of this treaty
is further lessened by the fact that India, the second
state in Asia in size and importance, took no part
in it.
Plainly enough, the inspirers of the restoration of'
German and Japanese militarism have no desire to
take into account either the German or the Japanese
.people who suffered no less than other nations from
the war unleashed by their late rulers. These
peoples cannot expect anything good from a. new
war and they will hardly agree to serve as cannon
fodder for the American multi-millionaires.
The aggressive policy of the American bloc is
most fully exposed by the United States' military
intervention in Korea. The United States' repro,
sentatives have frustrated all the proposals made by
the Soviet Union and other peace-loving states to end
the American aggression in Korea and are now doing
their utmost to drag out the negotiations begun in
Kaeson.g.
We are certain that the courageous Korean people
will find an honourable way out from the sanguinary
conflict provoked by the Americans and, thereby,
will show the world once again that there is no force
capable of enslaving a people possessing the will for
struggle and victory. (Applause).
The United States is stubbornly endeavouring to
turn the United Nations into a weapon for war. It
was under pressure of the United States that the
United Nations gave its flag to camouflage the Ameri-
can aggression in Korea and then, in violation of the
inalienable rights of nations, declared the Chinese
People's Republic an aggressor. Honest people
throughout the world cannot but agree with the just
words of Comrade Stalin that " as a matter of fact
the United Nations is now not so much a world or-
ganisation as an organisation for the Americans,
serving the American aggressors".
Of late the camp of imperialism has accelerated is ai
preparations. The United. States is doing everything
possible to extend the aggressive Atlantic bloc, using
pressure, threats and all kinds of promises, drawing
into it new countries, including countries which,
geographically, have no connection with the Atlantic
area ; establishing new military bases in all parts of
the world, feverishly expanding the production of all
types of arms and searching for cannon fodder in all
corners of the world.
The slightest manifestation of anti-war sentiment
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 is brutally suppresAOpgg@idl)Fcjp t 0~c b U 9/10er]Cq-R Zggad044 tO2000 O82)3-Oie most
and fascist police methods introduced into all branches
of the State apparatus. Nothing but miserable
ruins remain of the vaunted " American democracy."
Even the American Press is forced to admit this.
Senator Chester Dempsey (Wisconsin), in a recent
letter to the " Capital Times," wrote that Americans
used to be surprised at the servility of the Germans
who were under the influence of the propaganda of
Hitler and Goebbels ; but now, he said, the Ameri-
cans are in a worse position than the Germans had
ever been. The Americans have complete thought-
control and are in the hands of the military brass
and their slanderous clique.
U.S. statesmen have gone so far that they are now
transferring their police methods to international
forums. The Hitler political spies might well envy
the crafty methods employed by the American dip-
lomats, headed by Truman, at the San Francisco
conference. (Applause).
The capitalist monopolies in the United States
are more and more subordinating the State apparatus
to their own interests. Hitherto, being the virtual
masters of the country-the magnates of finance and
industry-remained in the background, leaving it
to their political agents to protect their interests in
the sphere of politics, now they are laying hands
directly on the political, administrative and diploma-
tic machinery of the United States. It is common
knowledge that the most important matters of State
are decided by Charles Wilson, a Morgan man, who,
unceremoniously, puts into key sectors of the Govern-
ment men from the biggest associations of multi-
millionaires, the associations of Morgan, Rockefeller,
Mellon, Du Pont and others, closely connected not
only economically but through family ties. They are
shamelessly utilizing the country's economy in the
interests of the multi-millionaires.
And so at a time when plutocracy and police rule
are rampant in his own country, President Truman
has the audacity to talk brazenly about the "absence
of democracy " in the Soviet Union, in that Soviet
Union where, as everyone knows, police rule and
plutocracy were long ago overthrown and where all
power belongs to the demos, to the people (Prolong-
ed applause).
Such are the facts, Comrades. They show that
the American-British bloc has taken the path of pre-
paring and unleashing a new war.
In these circumstances, the Soviet Union, true to
its policy of peace, is fighting tirelessly to prevent war
and preserve peace. At every assembly of'the United
Nations, at meetings of the Security Council, at
sessions of the Council of Foreign Ministers, the Soviet
Union tirelessly exposes the plans of the warmakers
and advances concrete proposals to ensure peace,
selflessly upholding the rights and sovereignty of the
peoples. Everyone knows of the Soviet Union's
recent proposals for the conclusion of a Peace Pact
among the five Great Powers, f'or reduction in the
armed forces of the Great Powers by one-third in
the course of one year, for prohibition of atomic
weapons, for the speedy conclusion of a peace treaty
with Germany to be followed by the withdrawal of
all occupation troops, and the formation of an all-
striking indications of the Soviet Union's struggle for
peace is the law for the protection of peace enacted
by the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. on March
12th this year, according to which anyor c charged
with war propaganda shall be tried as laving com-
mitted a grave criminal offence.
Our foreign policy relies on the might of the Soviet
State. Only naive politicians can interpret its
peaceful character as lack of confidence in our strength.
The Soviet people have shown the world more than
once that they know how to protect their homeland.
There was a time when our young and not yet strong
Soviet Republic had to defend its existence against
a military campaign of' 14 bourgeois states headed by
imperialist sharks in Great Britain, the United States,
France and Japan. Enemies pressed in from the North
and the South, from the East and the West. The
economy lay in ruins, there was not enough bread
for the workers, not enough arms for the army. The
interventionists were certain that the days of the
Soviet State were numbered, that they would soon
crush it with armed force. But things turned out
otherwise. " The whole world knows," wrote Com-
rade Stalin concerning the results of this campaign,
" that both the British interventionists and their allies
were driven out of our country in disgrace by our
victorious army.
" It wouldn't be a bad thing if the gentlemen fo-
menting a new war were to remember this."
When in June 1941 fascist Germany, armed to the
teeth, and commanding the war potential of nearly
the whole of Europe, made a perfidious attack on our
country, not only the Nazi generals intoxicated by
easy military successes in the West, but even many
in the camp of our former allies believed that the
Soviet Army could withstand the onslaught but a few
weeks, or at best a few months. Yet it was the
strength and might of the Soviet Union that smashed
the war machine of Nazi Germany.
We are working persistently for peace not only
because we do not want war, but because the Soviet
people, who, under the banner of Lenin and Stalin,
have established in their country the most just social
system, look upon a war of aggression as the gravest
crime against humanity, as the greatest calamity for
the ordinary people of the world. But if the imperi-
alist plunderers interpret the peace-loving disposition
of our people as a sign of weakness, then they may ex-
pect an even more disgraceful failure than that of their
predecessors in military ventures against the Soviet
State. (Tumultuous applause). The Italians
have a good saying : " He who doesn't want to learn
from lessons, will learn from bitter experience."
(Applause).
The ruling circles of the United States and Britain
seek to deceive world public opinion with allegations
that they are forced to arm because of the threat of
military attack on the part of the Soviet Union.
There is nothing new in the false talk about a
Soviet threat and about the insincerity of the Soviet
Union's peace proposals. It was behind the noise of
such talk after the First World War that the imperia-
lists of Europe and America armed fascist Germany-
for which many nations paid with their blood in
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World War wo;. But in vain do the lronotuabic aggression and make the arms drive that nets them
diplomats in the American-British bloc think that the thousands of' millions in super-profits unnecessary.
peoples have short memories and that it is easy to 1'hc imperialists need war. They need it to plunder
enmesh them in ties.
The peoples of the world evaluate the policy of
governments not by their words but by their deeds.
The Soviet Union has never failed to live up to its
treaty commitments. This is the unity of word and
deed in practice. It is indeed strange, to say the
least, to hear the ruling circles of the United States
accuse others of insincerity at a time when they
themselves have flagrantly trampled upon the historic
decisions of the Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam
conferences. You cannot conceal from the peoples of
the world who it is that does not live up to his word.
'to justify their policy of aggression in relation to
the Soviet Union, the rulers of the imperialist states
make the slanderous claim that the Soviet people
deny the possibility of the peaceful co-existence of the
two systems.
Back in the first years of Soviet power the founder
of our State, Lenin, advanced the principle of peace
and agreements with the capitalist states. " Our
road is a sure one," said Lenin. "We are for peace
and agreement, but we are opposed to enslavment and
shackling terms of agreement." This Leninist principle
forms the basis of the policy of the Soviet State.
" Our relations with capitalist countries," says Com-
rade Stalin, " are based on recognition of the fact
that the two opposing systems can exist side by side."
Comrade Stalin has also indicated the concrete basis
for agreements between the Soviet Union and the
capitalist countries. " Export and import," Comrade
Stalin has pointed out, " are the most suitable basis
fbr such agreements. We need equipment, raw ma-
terials (for example, cotton), semi-manufactured com-
modities (in metal and so forth) ; and the capitalists
need a market for these items. 't'here you have a
basis for agreement. The capitalists need oil,
timber, grain, and we need to market these commo-
dities. 'There you have a basis for agreement."
That was said in 1927. Now we have far greater
opportunities for business relations with the capitalists
countries. We are not averse to considerably ex-
panding business co-operation on a mutually advant-
ageous foundation, with the United States, Great
Britain, France and other bourgeois countries both of
the West and the East. It is not the fault of the Soviet
Union that the ruling circles of these countries, to
t:he detriment of the interests of their own countries,
have taken to undermining and curtailing economic
relations with the Soviet Union,
'the peaceful co-existence of the two systems also
presupposes political agreements. " We pursue
a policy of peace," Comrade Stalin has said, "and we
are prepared to conclude non-aggression pacts with
bourgeois states. We pursue a policy of peace and we
are prepared to reach agreement on disarmament,
even to the complete elimination of standing armies.
We stated this before the whole world way back at the
time of the Genoa conference. There you have a
basis for agreement in the field of diplomacy".
But it is not agreements that the imperialists want.
They fear agreements with the Soviet Union, because
such agreements might undermine their plans for
and enslave peoples. And it is primarily the
American. monopolies who need it, in order to get
colossal super. profits.
The preparations for war are headed by the Ameri-
can imperialists and yet United States politicians con-
tinue to talk about their alleged peaceful intentions.
They are not averse, to "preserving " peace but on
"conditions" dictated by the United States. And
what are these " conditions " ? The peoples of the
world must bend the knee to American capital, they
must relinquish their national independence, accept
a form of rule which American " advisers " would
force on them, accept the " American way of life",
develop only those branches of economy and to an
extent advantageous and profitable to the American
monopolies. In short, the peoples must relinquish
their political sovereignty and economic independence,
must relinquish their cultural and other interests and
become the subjects of a newly hatched American
empire. And that is what they call " preserving "
peace! And indeed, why should the chiefs of American
imperialism risk war if by means of threats and black-
mail alone they could succeed in getting the peoples
to bow to their dictat? The lunatic Hitler, too, as is
known, agreed to such " peace terms." But it was
precisely these imperialist "peace terms" that led to
the Second World War. Apparently, Truman, in ad-
vancing similar " peace terms," is taking the road of
Hitler and seeks to embroil the peoples in a third world
war.
A legitimate question arises in the mind of every
honest person : on what grounds does the United
States claim an exclusive position among other count-
ries ? Are rot the peoples of the world equal ?
Perhaps, the United States claims such a position on
the grounds that it has great quantities of gold amas-
sed on the blood and suffering of millions and suitable
for bribes ? But peoples do not barter their liberty.
the American imperialists had better not lull them-
selves with the thought that just because they have
succeeded in buying certain rulers of bourgeois
countries with gold, they have also bought the peoples
of these countries.
The United States' politicians cannot conceal the
fact that they need the armaments drive so that they
might, under the threat of using force, dictate their
imperialistic, aggressive " peace terms " to other
peoples.
As you see, these gentlemen use every opportunity
to talk about peace while actually preparing a new
war, rattling the sabre and boasting of " fantastic
shells." But let them not entertain the idea that, in
this way, they can frighten anybody. As for the
Soviet people, only those who have lost the power
soberly to appraise historical events can still think that
Soviet people can be intimidated by threats. If in
the past every military attack on our country by the
imperialist states invariably ended in disgraceful
failure, then now our state is stronger still and might-
ier, our people are still more solidly united and con-
fident of their strength. (Applause). 'rhe gentle-
men intoxicated with war hysteria had better know
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that should they attack our country, the Soviet people
will give them a welcome that will kill once and for all
any desire for rash encroachments on the liberty and
independence of our socialist homeland. (Tumultu-
ous prolonged applause).
If there is any one that needs to fear the conse-
quence of a new world war it is primarily the capitalists
of America and other bourgeois countries, since a new
war would raise before the nations the question of the
pernicious character of the capitalist system, which
cannot live without war, and the need to replace this
sanguinary system with another system, a socialist
system (Prolonged applause) as was the case in
Russia. after World War One, as was the case in the
People's Democracies of Europe and Asia after
World War Two.
At first glance, it may seem that the camp of
imperialism represents a powerful combination of
aggressive forces. These forces must not, of course,
be underestimated. But the camp of peace is far
stronger than the camp of war. While the camp of
peace is united by a common aim, in the camp of war
there is a considerable divergence of interests and
many countries have been drawn into this camp be-
cause of their economic dependence on the United
States, in consequence of the notorious " Marshall
Plan."
The outward unity of the front of imperialism can-
not conceal its deep-rooted internal contradictions,
which are mainly bound up with the struggle for raw
material resources, for markets, and spheres for capital
investment. These contradictions are interwoven ;
they embrace all the countries of the camp of im-
perialism, but the basic contradictions still remain
the contradictions between the United States and
Britain, both in Europe and in Asia.
There is hardly any doubt that, with time, the con-
tradictions in the camp of the imperialists will be-
come more and more aggravated.
A still more serious factor is the weakness of the
hinterland of imperialism. Despite the attempts of
the imperialists to enmesh the peoples in lies, despite
the strenuous efforts of the Rightwing Socialists-
zealous flunkeys of imperialism-to betray the interests
of the working people, the fact remains that right in
the camp of imperialism in the hinterland of the im-
perialists there is an impressive force of peace partisans,
consisting of millions of honest people of manual and
mental labour, people who place the interests of preserv-
ing peace higher than all the crumbs dropped by
capital. The anti-war sentiment of the masses cannot
but grow, since the enormous expenditure on war
preparation places a heavy burden on the working
people.
The weakness of the hinterland of imperialism is
also expressed in the growth of the movement for
national liberation in the colonies and dependent
countries. The people of Viet-Nam arc battling
heroically for liberation, the people of the Philip-
pines, Burma and Malaya, too, are fighting ; the
people of Indonesia have not laid down arms ; resist-
ance to imperialism is mounting in the countries of
the Near and Middle East, in the countries of North
and South Africa.
The economy of the leading imperialist countries,
especially that of the United States, is under the
consant threat of upheavals. The militarization of the
economy, the unrestrained extension of the war
industry and the branches servicing this industry .at
the expense of curtailment in production of consumer
goods,-such as observed in the U. S., Britain and
other capitalist countries, cannot but lead shortly to
an economic crash. This is to say nothing about
the millions of unemployed in the United States.
Such is the state of the camp of imperialism
and war.
We find a different situation in the camp of de-
mocraey and peace. The forces of this camp, free from
all internal contradictions, are growing and becoming
stronger day by day. I have already spoken of the
achievements of the Soviet Union, which constitutes
the primary, leading force in the camp of democracy
and peace. The People's Democracies also are ad-
vancing from one success to another. Having rapidly
eliminated the severe ravages of war, thanks to the
superiority of the new social system, the peoples of these
countries are developing their economy at a rapid
rate. By the end of the first half of the current
year, the prewar level of industry had been surpassed
in Poland and Hungary by more than two and a half
times, in Bulgaria more than three fold, in Czechoslo-
vakia by more than one and a half times, in Rumania
more than twofold, and in Albania more than four-
fold. And as is the case in our country, the develop-
ment of industry in these countries serves the require-
ments of the working people and promotes peaceful
development. With the advance of the economy, the
cultural aspect of these countries is changing, science,
literature and art are flowering, new men are deve-
loping, men who understand the vital interests of their
peoples and are able to uphold those interests. The new
social and political system, a system which ensures
the steady advance of these countries towards socia-
lism, is now firmly embedded.
The Chinese People's Republic, which occupies a
foremost place in the fight for peace, has also made
great progress. In the short period of its existence the
Chinese People's Republic, under the leadership of the
Communist Party of China, succeeded in consolidat-
ing the dictatorship of people's democracy and in
solving a number of important economic and political
problems in the struggle for complete economic in-
dependence from the capitalist world, for industrializa-
tion of the country and development of culture.
The German Democratic Republic, which now
occupies a firm place in the camp of democracy and
peace, is successfully going ahead with peaceful
construction. It is working persistently for the car-
dinal interests of the entire German people, for an
independent, united, democratic, peace-loving
Germany, and for the conclusion of a just peace treaty
that would ensure the German people a worthy
place among the nations of the world.
In contrast to the countries of the imperialist
camp, who are bitter rivals and cannot help being so,
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the countries of the democratic camp are developing
their economy on the basis of close co-operation and
mutual assistance.
Consequently the camp of democracy and Social-
ism represents a united, indomitable force morally and
politically as well as economically. The strength of this
camp is further enhanced by the fact that it champions
the just cause of upholding the liberty and independ-
ence of the peoples. And this means that if the chiefs
of the imperialist camp risk unleashing war, there can
be no doubt that it will end in the collapse of imperia-
lism itself. (Applause).
Comrades, one of the greatest popular movements
of the day is the movement for peace. In spite of all
obstacles and the persecution of peace partisans by the
ruling circles of the imperialist states, the peace move-
ment has grown to unprecedented proportions ; it has
drawn in all countries of the world and all sections of
the population, irrespective of political, religious or
other convictions. Fighters for peace the world over
are inspired by the words of the great standard-hearer
of peace, Comrade Stalin : "Peace will be preserved
and consolidated if the peoples take the cause of pre-
serving peace into their own hands and defend it to
the end." (Applause).
In all countries the initiators and the leading force
in the fight for peace are the Communist Pay ties. As
a result of their fearless, sellfless efforts in the struggle
for the vital interests of the working people in defence
of peace and for the sovereignty of the nations, the
Communist Parties have won the confidence of the
great mass of people.
Comrades, the 34th anniversary of the October
Socialist Revolution sees our country taking a further
step along the road to Communism. The successes
we have achieved confirm once again that the policy
of the Bolshevik Party is the only correct policy, a
policy that ensures a steady growth in the might of
our country, and an improvement in the well-being
of the working people. (Applause). In the struggle
for realisation of the magnificent programme of Coin-
munist construction, the Soviet people have rallied still
more closely around their own Communist Party,
around the inspirer and organizer of our victories, the
great Stalin. (Tumultuous applause).
Conscious of their strength, of the correctness of
their path, the Soviet people continue their great
work or construction with steadfast calm and confi-
dence in the future. No force in the world can
halt the victorious advance of the Soviet people
towards the ultimate triumph of Communism.
(Appluase).
Long live the great and invincible banner of the
October Socialist Revolution ! (Applause).
Long live our mighty homeland, indomitable
bulwark of liberty and peace ! (Applause).
Long live the Party of Lenin and Stalin, onr
glorious Bolshevik Party ! (Prolonged applause).
For the victory of peace and democracy through-
out the world! (Tumultuous, prolonged applause.
Ovation resound in honour of the organiser
and inspirer of the great historic victories of
the Soviet people, the brilliant genius of man-
kind, standard-bearer of peace, the great
leader and teacher-J. V. Stalin).
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Jute Mill
there is no unemployment. It is general knowledge that
the unemployment has been eliminated in the Soviet Union
for over 20 years. Owing to the expansion of the enter-
prise, the management is training new cadres of workers
from young graduates of the local schools. 201 people
were trained at special courses in 1.950 alone to work as
assistant foremen., weavers, spinners, rope-makers. The
cost of training is borne entirely by the enterprise. Pupils
studying at the courses of the team and individual appren-
ticeship are provided wages.
The majority of the Frunze Jute Mill workers are
women. For equal work with men they receive equal pay.
Among the women-workers are representatives of various
nationalities inhabiting the Republic : Kirghiz, Uzebk
Russians, Ukrainians. The director of the mill is a Kirghiz,
the chief engineer is also a Kirghiz, the business manager
is a Ukrainian. The entire multinational body of the factory
workers makes up a single friendly family engaged in peace-
ful constructive labour.
Maria Oleinikova, a weaver, enjoys great authority.
This remarkable woman-worker has taught advanced weav-
ing methods to many of her co-workers. the mill's personnel
has nominated her candidate for deputy to the Supreme
Soviet of the Republic. Maria Oleinikova, this outstand-
ing Stakhanovite worker and prominent public figure,
polled 99 per cent of votes of the electorate of the election
district where by secret ballot she ran for deputy to the
Supreme Soviet of Kirghizia.
The working day at the Jute Mill is 8 hours. Much
attention is paid here to labour protection and to safety
measures. The management supplies all the workers with
proper working clothes, special footwear, safety devices and
arranges lectures and consultations on questions of labour
protection, industrial safety means and professional hygiene.
All the workers can use gratis showers at the mill. The
laundry service is also free of charge, and there is a special
personal hygiene room for the women workers.
At the Frunze Jute Mill, as at all other Soviet enter-
prises, a Collective Agreement is concluded annually bet-
ween the mill's management and the personnel organized
in a Trade Union. The Collective Agreement contains
provisions envisaging further improvement in the living
standard of the factory and office workers, concerning the
safety means, the social and cultural services. Thus, for
instance, paragraph 27 of the Collective Agreement for
1950 reads:
To improve the housing and living conditions of the
workers and other employees, the mill's management under-
takes to appropriate from the allocations for 1950, 1,200,000
rubles for new housing and communal service, complete
the construction for a three-storey apartment house and
build a club house for the workers. The obligations under
the Collective Agreement have been fulfilled. 52 workers'
families have already moved into the big apartment house
built not far from the mill. The distribution of the flats
in the newly built houses among the workers is being
done jointly by the management and the factory Trade-
Union Committee.
For single men and women workers a comfortable hostel
has been built. They live in well furnished rooms equipped
with all modern conveniences. The mill's management
provides all those living in the hostel with furniture, beds
and bed linen. All the expenses for the repairs in the flats
of the factory workers are borne by the management who
also supplies the flats with free fuel.
Functioning at the Jute Mill is a dining hall and buffets
in the various shops. There are always hot meals, both
for the day and the night-shifts.
The factory management maintains a kindergarten for
workers' children of preschool age. During the summer of
1951 many women workers received free of charge passes
for their school age children to Young Pioneer camps and
children's sanatoriums located in picturesque spots of
the Republic.
Every year the Textile Workers Union uses its social
insurance funds to send many men and women workers to
rest homes and sanatoriums where they spend their paid
annual vacations.
... As we were leaving the sewing shop, we met a dark
haired woman. The chief engineer introduced her :
"The Chairman of our Mills Trade Union Committee."
The Chairman of the Trade Union Committee invited
us to the general meeting of the Mill's personnel, which was
to take place that afternoon in the new club-house.
" Do come, it will be a very important meeting. We
shall elect the delegates to the First Republican Peace Con-
ference."
READ SOVIET MAGAZINES
New Times
A weekly journal devoted to questions of foreign policies of the
USSR and other countries and to current events in internation-
al life,
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An illustrated fortnightly magazine published in English, Hindi,
Bcngalce and Telugu by TASS in India. It embraces all the
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OBTAINABLE FROM :
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9
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Allya Anarov
Twice Hero of Socialist Labour
By Yakov Usherenko
train of new cotto
n harvesters is
A
moving along the main street of For obtaining high cotton crop
the village of Aravan. These
ields e l
}
y
y
'
productive machines, created by the
leader at the Molotov
Collective
Farm, Aravan District, Osh Region
_f +t
I
e
Farm Machinery Plant. Each machine Republic,aowfor th second
hs nse
does the work of 50 hand pickers. time been conferred the title of
On the village's central square, the Hero of Socialist Labour. In honour
machines stopped in front of the man- ~ of his high latour achievements
aging board offices of the Molotov the 'Twice Hero's bust in bronze
Collective Farm. The machines came is being erected in his native vill-
here from the local state machine and age on a pedestal with an inscrip-
tractor station to hel
the collective
p
Lion telligf hi
n os services to the
farmers take in this year's cotton crop. country.
Hardly had their drivers turned off
the motors when the machines were
surrounded by collective farmers. They
carefully examined the new harvesters,
comparing them with those that work-
ed on the collective-farm fields last
year.
" These machines are even better
than the previous model," Urumbai
Yanir_ov, an elderly collective farmer,
said. " With them our collective farm
will take in the crops even faster than
last year.
" Oh, here comes Allya Anarov,"
he added, " It is interesting to hear
what he has to say about these ma-
chines."
Everybody turned towards the road
on w, icn walked a tall tawny faced
collective farmer in a striped smock
belted with a colourful silk kerchief
and a traditional tyubeteika (skull cap)
on his head.
Ti.is was twice Hero of Socialist
Labour Allya Anarov, brigade leader
at tn:e Molotov Collective Farm, fa-
mous far beyond his native Kirghicia.
He greeted the drivers and his fellow
collective farmers a..d unhurriedly look-
ed over the machines. Then he told
the collective farmers about the fine
poi.,ts of the new harvesters. He had
already seen t ..em before. On invita-
tion of Cie Tastikent Plant engineers,
Anarov had taken part in testing the
new model, and was consulted as an
outsta_,di.ig practical cotton grower.
T_ie collective farmers listened to
Allya Aaarov with absorbing interest,
It was evident that the people highly
valued his opinion.
Allya Anarov was born and spent
his whole life in his native village.
His father, a poor peasant with a large
family, had before the Revolution been
a farmhand working on the cotton
fields of the local landlords. When
Anarov senior reached the age of 47,
i.e., when he was as old as his son Allya
is now, he was already a decrepit and
sick old man, having lost his health
Allya Anarov, Twic Hero of Socia it Labour.
and strength on the andlords'~cottn
plantations.
Altogether different is the lot of his
children. His sons Omar, Sabir and
Allya in 1929 joined the collective farm",' ..?
that was at that time just organized.
It is 13 years now that Omar has been 6 t
Chairman of the Molotov Collective
Farm. Allya, the first five years work- ; .
ed as a rank and file collective farmer ''
Allya Anarov with a delegation of collective. farmers from Talass Region on
a field tended by his brigade.
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Allya Anaroo with his family.
and in 1937 was appointed head of a
field team. Constantly thinking how
to achieve bumper cotton crops in his
collective farm, Allya came to the con-
clusion that first of all it was necessary
to improve the structure of the soil
on the fields assigned to his team.
Thereupon the young team
leader concentrated his attention on
the proper scientific cultivation of the
soil, abundant fertilization and good
care of the crops. And his efforts
yielded rich fruit.
Cotton grown by Allya Anarov's
team was exhibited at the All-Union
Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow in
1939 and 1940. In 1939 Allya Anarov
was awarded the Small Gold Medal
and in 1940 the Grand Gold Medal of
the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition.
But Allya Anarov was not content
with his achievements, though they
won him universal recognition. He
understood that on the fertile soil lavishly
irrigated with the waters of numerous
canals it was possible to obtain consi-
in a cotton field. Andrei
one of the station's agrlotecthe director of the hnic ans Khabyk Kirghiz Zonal ExPritnental Station,
(RiGhurllyaeev, Allya
derably higher yields of cotton than
those he had already achieved. But to
do this one must riot rely oily on l.is
own strength and knowledge. And
Anarov turned for assistance to the
scientific workers of the Kirgl.iz Ex-
perimental Cotton-Growing Station.
Here he received. the necessary advice
how to apply in his collective farm the
achievements of advanced Soviet agri-
cultural science.
In 1950 Allya Anarov raised a crop
on the worst land the Molotov Collec-
tive Farm had.
"Give me the worst field," he decla-.
red at a meeting of the collective farm's
board, " and my comrades and I will
try to get a good crop." He was assign-
ed 10 hectares of land which was re-
garded poor by many brigades. And on
'
s team raised
these ten hectares Allya
74.5 centners of cotton per hectare.
Today, Twice Hero of Socialist
Labour, Allya Anarov is already a
brigade leader ( a collective farm
brigade consists of several teams).
Allya Anarov is a member of the
All-Union Society for the Propagation
of Scientific and Political Knowledge.
He has delivered hundreds of lectures
and talks on his method of growing
bumper harvests to collective farmers .
and farm specialists of Kirgl.izia. Book-
shops and kiosks throughout Kirghizia
sell Anarov's book, "My Method of
Growing Bumper Cotton Crops."
This book is very popular and will be
found in every Kirghiz collective farm.
Allya Anarov receives hundreds of
letters from the working people from all
over Kirghizia. ` People write to him as
to a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of
his Republic, as a member of the Cen-
tral Committee of the Communist
Party of Kirghizia, as an innovator in
cotton growing. After work he exhaus-
tively answers all his correspondents.
We were already taking leave of Allya
Anarov when a man on horseback
stopped at the gate of his front garden.
This was the postman. He brought a
telegram for. Allya Anarov. The re-
nowned cotton grower was invited to
Frunze, the capital of Kirghizia, for the
All-Kirghizia Conference for Peace to
which he was elected a delegate a few
days before.
" This wilf be the third Conference
for Peace I will have attended," said
Allya Anarov. " I attended the first
and second USSR Conferences for
Peace in Moscow to which I was dele-
gated by the working people of Kir-
ghizia, who, like all Soviet people are
ardent and consistent champiosn of
peace."
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M IN,
Ll1L? 1' 1J111MI O t1I11
Desert Steppe
THE semi-desert Astrakhan steppe stretched in the
South-West of European USSR. Fierce winter winds
and the scorching summer sun dried the land and
made it barren (1).
For centuries men dreamed of subduing the elemental
forces of nature and of transforming this steppe into blos-
soming land. But only under the Soviet system could. this
dream come true.
.... A quarter of a century ago Soviet scientists came to
the most arid section of the Astrakhan Trans-Volga region
to the place where the solitary Big Bogdo hill rises above
the steppe (2). They came here on the commission of the
Government to study the local conditions and to find effec-
tive means of combatting the dry winds. (3).
Soviet men masterfully intervened i th 1'f
f
n x e
e o
nature.
armed with progressiveAagrlo'o (" P P&Wsid16 DO W/10 : CkOR
~
 Approved :.:
10 s. ~,` 23~.rfi
.
the outstanding Russian scientists
Michurin, Dokuchayev, Kostichev
and Williams the forest land im-
provers and the agronomists began
to subdue the arid steppe....
't'hey learned to plant forests on
its borders (4). The planting was
done under the supervision of the
most experienced forest land im-
provers Orlov and Kasyanov (5).
The scientists carefully watched
the growth of the plants. They
carefully investigated the causes
underlying the loss of every young
plant, and they found new and
better species of trees for growing
in these districts.
Several years passed.... Forest
belts appeared on a stretch of 200
kilometres rising as a powerful
green barrier in defence of almost
one thousand hectares of land (7
and 8).
The climate of the Astrakhan steppe was altered. The forest
subdued the wind, reduced the heat and increased the humidity
of the air. More snow was retained on the fields. All this was
cogently demonstrated by the observatior of the meteorological
stations (9).
Life was brought to the steppe. ... So many new things have
appeared there as the result of th : work of Soviet people. The
area sown to wheat, barley and millet is growing with every
year.... (10). The melon fields now stretch on an area of
many hectares. As yet there are no bees here, so men are doing
their work : they perform artificial pollination according to the
teachings of Michurin and Lysenko (11). New birds have appear-
ed in these parts. Our feathered friends are coming to the young
shady forest. The first migrant here was the hoopoe (12). The
scorching heat is no longer terrifying. ... The fields protected
by the forests now produce high and stable yields (13).
The tasty sweet Bogdo watermelons are famous throughout
the country. (14). Many apples here weigh as much as 500
grams each...(15). And, grapes have found a new home
here.... (16).
Here we have shown only one of the transformed districts of our
country, but there are many more districts like it that were fomerly
barren and are now blossoming orchards and fields...
Soon the boundless sun-scorched steppes along the Volga
and in Southern Ukraine in the Kara-Kum desert and around
the Caspian Sea, in Northern Crimea and along the Don will also
16M MM /10 bcCA 3 4* 4a 621 23-0
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qiimpsai tom Me Savi*Qvt Union
Powerful Suction Dredge
Stalingrad shipyards launched a big
suction dredge " 1000-80," the most
powerful of its kind.
Suction dredges with excavating capa-
cities of 300 and 500 cubic metres of
earth per hour are now at work on the
construction projects of Communism.
The new suction dredge will excavate
1000 cubic metres of earth per hour and
shifting it, raise it to a height of 80
metres.
Six Billion Rubles for Labour Pro-
tection
Mass reviews of the fulfilment of the
1951 collective agreements ended at the
industrial arid agricultural enterprises
of the Soviet Union. Rank and file
workers, foremen, crewhcads, engineers
and others participated in checking
up these agreements together with the
trade union representatives.
Economic organisations, factory and
mill committees devote great attention
to the further improvement of labour
protection and safety technique in all
industries.
More than 6,000 million rubles were
spent on labour protection and safety
technique during the postwar years.
Hundreds of thousands of public ins-
pectors, active members of trade
unions, rank and file workers are re-
gularly supervising the punctual fulfil-
ment of Soviet legislation on labour
protection.
This year the many thousand-strong
army of students in Dniepropetrovsk
was presented with a magnificent gift
-the Students' Palace located in a
picturesque park. A concert hall, art
circles, cinema, lecture hall, rooms for
amateur library, restaurant and other
facilities are at the disposal of the
students.
Facts and Figures
The Bashkir Branch of the Aca-
demy of Sciences of the USSR
A branch of the Academy of Sciences
of the USSR has been established in the
Bashkir USSR, it will include three
research institutes, the Mining and
Geology, Agrobiology and the Institute
of History, Language and Literature.
More than a hundred fuel and hydro-
electric stations have been launched this
year in the collective farms of the
Ukrainian SSR. All told about 2,000
rural electric stations are in operation in
the Ukrainian Republic.
Art Gallery at a Factory
Kharkov Tractor Plant like other
enterprises of the Soviet Union has its
own club where lectures and talks are
regularly held and films are shown.
An art gallery with paintings and
sculptures devoted to the history and
the best people of this factory is open
in the club's premises.
First Children's Encyclopedia
Soon Soviet schoolchildren will get
an interesting gift. The Academy of
Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR
is finishing the first children's encyclo-
pedia for the pupils of the fifth, sixth,
seventh and. eighth grades of the
secondary school.
Scientists, teachers and writers vividly
and popularly write about the founda-
tions of sciences, tell of the natural
wealth of the USSR, about the nations
history, art and culture.
The encyclopedia will consist of 12
books (in six volumes) with many illus-
trations.
The editing staff of the encyclopedia
includes scientists and outstanding
teachers of the country.
Green Belt Around Leningrad
Autumn planting of trees and shrubs
began in the streets, parks and squares
of Leningrad. Big elm, lime, poplar
and oak trees are being planted in the
Pobeda Park laid out in honour of the
victory of the Soviet people in the Great
Patriotic War.
In recent years many streets and
squares of Leningrad were lined with
trees and other plants. Much has been
done on the reconstruction, widening
and improving the city's parks and park
squares.
It is scheduled to plant some 500,000
new trees and shrubs during the fall of
this year.
A green belt is being formed around
Leningrad. A large territory is being
allocated for the planting of apple,
pear, plum and other fruit trees. This
autumn and next spring alone, some
1,300 hectares will be planted to or-
chards.
Cinemas in Collective Farms
Recently collective farmers of the
Stalin Kolkhoz Chadir-Lungsky Dis-
trict have seen films in their own cinema.
This is the 47th kolkhoz cinema opened
during the last months in the villages of
Moldavia. Every collective farm in
the Slobodzeisk and Chadir-Lungsky
districts of the republic, has its own
cinema. Construction of cinemas in
collective farms of a number of other
regions is coming to an end.
A Park in a Plan Courtyard
A big flowering park square is in the
courtyard of the " Kautchuk " "(Cout-
chouc) " Plant. Over a thousand po-
plar, ash, maple and apple trees and
more than 70,000 decorative shrubs are
carefully tended here. Dahlias, Gladio-
las, delphinium are growing on the
flowerbeds of the park.
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(Photo on right hand)
At the Skorokhod Shoe
Factory of Leningrad, all
I shops are equipped with up-
to-date machines making
the worker's job easy.
A four-tier conveyor in
one of the shops. In the
foreground is Stakhanovite
worker Nina Filipiva
who does her daily quota
at the rate of more than
200 per cent.
The J. V. Stalin Metal Works of Leningrad is filling orders
of the great construction projects of Communism. Excellent
performance is shown here by boring machine operator
V. Dunin of the Work's hydroturbine shop. He is
doing his daily assignment at the rate of
150 per cent.
V? Dunin setting cylinder of turbine's working wheel on
sih machine.
(Photo on left h utd)
Leningrad. The hydro-
technical laboratory of the
N. I. Kalinin Polytech-
nical Institute is studying
the .system of filling the
navigation locks of the
Kuibyshev hydrsp(ue
works with the aid of a
working model.
M. P. Kozhevnikov,
Master of Technical
Sciences, (left), and
past-,graduate student V.
1. Pogorelor are watch-
ing the water filling tip
a model of a Kuibyshev
navigation lock.
Moscow. Simultaneously with finishing work on the new building
for the Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills, extensive
work is under way on fixing up the grounds here ;
broad and straight drivewoys and walks are leing
laid, and reservoirs, fountains and ponds
are being built.
Here we see the grounds being asphalted at the
main building of this Palace of Science.
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Indian Film Dele
Film Workers of India and the
Soviet Union Meet
A meeting of cinema workers of
JA Moscow with their colleagues
from India was held in an
atmosphere of friendship and cordiality
in Moscow Cinema House on October
11th. It was attended by film directors,
actors and actresses, cameramen,
stage-set artists, experts, students of
the Institute of Cinematography and
noted art workers.
An inscription on tl.e white velvet
backdrop of the stage read : " Friendly
greetings to representatives of India's
cinema !" Spotlights shone brightly as
a group from the Central Documentary
Films Studio made shots for a full-
length documentary film about the
sojourn of the Indian cinema workers
in the Soviet Union.
The audience warmly greeted the
representatives of the great Indian
people. Ardent applause resounded
for a long time. The Indian guests were
greeted also by a delegation of Chinese
cinema workers now visiting the USSR.
Next to the delegates from India in the
Presidium sat People's Artists of the
USSR, the Minister of Cinemato-
graphy of the USSR, Deputy Ministers
and others.
On behalf of the Ministry of Cine-
matography of the USSR the meeting
tion in USS
Indian delrgation in the Leningrad Film Studio conversing with People's Artist of
the RSFSR U. V. Tolubeev, Stalin Prize Winner (right) in the role of
Shchefpkin. in the film "Belinskv." Fourth from right : People's Artist
of the USSR J\1. K. Cherkassov.
was opened by V. Ryazanov. In his Indian people, one of the most ancient
introductory speech director V. cultures of the world. He described
Pudovkin spoke about the film art of the recent visit to India by a delegation
India, the remarkable culture of the of Soviet cinema workers who gratefully
Indian cinema worker's delegation at the Central
Documentary Films Studio in Alrscow.
Alanoranian Bhaltachanya, head of Indian delegation, speaking at a dinner
given by People's Artist of the USSR N. K. C,herkassov, I)epnty to the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Stalin Prize Winner, in honour
of' the delegation's arrival in Leningrad
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recall the warm reception accorded to
members of the delegation by tire.
gifted, industrious Indian people.
Concluding his speech Pudovkin on
his own behalf and on behalf of the
entire audience wished the guests that
their sojourn in the Soviet Union
should be interesting and fruitful and
that they, on acquainting themselves
with the life of Soviet men and wo-
men, with Soviet art, should get a
correct and well-rounded idea about
the Soviet Union and its people.
Impassioned speeches were delivered
by Indian cinema workers.
Manoranjan Bhattacharya, head of
the delegation, who has been associated
with the theatre and the cinema for
more than 30 years, warmly thanked
his Soviet colleagues for their hospital-
ity.
interest fragments from Indian films.
In conclusion a new Soviet colour
musical film " Grand Concert " was
shown.
The meeting which passed in a
warm, friendly atmosphere demonstrat-
ed the singlehearted striving of film
workers of the Soviet Union and India
to serve with their art, the cause of
progress, the cause of struggle for world
peace.
For Peace and Friendship
Among Nations
( Continued from page r )
from that country ; establishment of
an All-German democratic govern-
merit.
At every session of the U. N.
General Assembly, the Soviet Union
invariably submits concrete proposals
aimed at promoting peace. At the
present sixth session of the General
Assembly, which opened on November
ti, A. Y. Vyshinsky presented on
behalf of the Soviet Delegation a
draft resolution on measures to
eliminate the threat of another world
war and to strengthen peace and
friendship among nations. These
proposals again call on the United
States, Great Britain, France, China
and the Soviet Union to conclude a
Pact of Peace. The draft resolution
proposes that the General Assembly
recognizes the necessity that the
countries involved in military opera-
tions in Korea immediately cease these
hostilities ; that they conclude an
armistice and within 10 days withdraw
their troops from the 38th Parallel;
that all foreign troops and volunteer
units be withdrawn from Korea in the
course of three months. Furthermore,
in view of the necessity of immediately
taking measures against the pre-
parations for a new world war now
bein carried out by the Atlantic bloc,
the draft resolution proposes that
participation in this bloc and the es-
tablishment by certain states, notably
the United States, of military bases on
foreign territories, be regarded as
incompatible with membership in
U. N. The Soviet Government also
suggests that the General Assembly
urge the Governments of all countries,
both members and non-members
of the United Nations, to convene a
world conference not later than June
1, 1952, to discuss the " question of
a - substantial reduction of united
forces and armaments and practical
measures to ban the atomic weapon
and institute international control to
make the ban effective."
The Soviet Union has been
working indefatigably to promote
friendly relations wih other countries.
The principle of peace and agreement
with capitalist states, formulated by
Lenin, is the cornerstone of Soviet
policy.
As early as 1927, J. V. Stalin
pointed out that trade relations-
exports and imports-were a realistic
basis, and the most suitable ground
for agreement between the Soviet
Union and the capitalist countries.
He indicated the basis for agreement
in the diplomatic sphere : "We are
pursuing a policy of peace and we are
prepared to sign a pact of non-
aggression with the bourgeois states.
We are pursuing a policy of peace
and we are prepared to come to an
agreement concerning disarmament,
including complete abolition of standing
armies."
Madam Durga Khote, president of
the Indian People's Theatre Asso-
ciation, one of the first women of
India to become a film actress, who
appeared in more than 100 roles,
spoke of the big importance to her of the
trip to the Soviet Union.
A striking speech was made by
Krishnan, famed Indian comic actor.
Stormy applause met his concluding
words, spoken in Russian : " It will be
my sacred duty to foster in my people
the strongest feelings of friendship for
your people."
K. Subrahmanyam, conveying greet-
ings to Soviet film workers, said " The
organizations which sent me to you
asked me to assure you that they would
do everything possible for prolonged,
uninterrupted, useful, friendly relations
between the great peoples of the
Soviet Union and India. "
" We have been in the USSR for
22 days now, '.' Nimai Chose, screen
playwright, director and actor said
We have seen much that is great and
beautiful. We are highly impressed
by Soviet life.
Speeches were also made by Madam
Mathuram, well-known film actress,
Soumyen Mukherji screen playwright,
director, actor and journalist; Kolkat-
kar, head of the film department of
the Ministry of the Information and
Broadcasting of India.
The audience viewed with great
Today we have incomparably
greater potentialities for business
relations with capitalist countries. We
have no objection to considerably
extending business co-operation on the
basis of mutual advantage with the
United States, Britain, France and
other bourgeois countries both in the
West and the East. It is not the fault
of the Soviet Union that the rulers
of these states have to the detriment of
their own countries taken the course
of undermining and disrupting eco-
nomic relations with the U. S. S. R.
Today, when the two seats of war,
in Germany in the West, and in
Japan in the East, are being resur-
rected, and when war preparations are
being intensified, the peace efforts of the
Soviet Government and its desire to
co-operate with other states assume
ever greater importance.
The land of Soviets wants peace and
is vigorously working to ensure - it.
Soviet citizens look with hope into the
future, for they know that the just cause
will triumph.
From " News " ,Nov. 15, 1951..
17
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Collective Agreements in USSR
What they Bring to Workers
E VERY year, at each Soviet en-
terprise, a collective agreement
is concluded between the man-
agement and the local trade union
committee acting on behalf of the per-
sonnel. The aim of the collective
agreements is to boost production and
further improve the welfare of
the workers.
Under the collective agreement
the management undertakes to pro-
vide its employees with the best pos-
sible working conditions, in every way
to improve safety and labour protec-
tion facilities, extensively mechanise
production, thereby making easier the
workers' job, help them raise their
qualification and thereby earn higher
wages, etc.
On their part the personnel under
the collective agreement pledge them-
selves strictly to observe the rules of
their place of work and labour discip-
line, to do their best to fulfil and over-
fulfil output programmes, to improve the
organisation and technology of pro-
duction, to raise labour productivity.
Great work has been accomplished
in carrying out the collective agree-
ments concluded for 1951. For one
thing, this is evident from the fact that
the industrial output plan for the second
quarter of 1951 has been not only
attained, but exceeded by four per
cent. Considering the colossal scale
of Soviet industrial production, we can
easily imagine what an enormous
above-target output is represented by
this seemingly small figure.
In line with its commitments under
the collective agreement the manage-
ment of a Soviet enterprise devotes
particular attention to mechanisation
of production. Let us take, as an
example, the Kemorovo Coal-Mining
Administration in Siberia. The
number of coal-mining combines in
its pits has this year increased five times
compared with 1949 and the output
per combine has gone up on an
average of more than one and a half
times. Numerous examples of grow-
ing mechanisation of production may
be cited also in other branches of
industry : iron and steel, coal, build-
ing, engineering, etc. Thus the Mos-
zhilstroy Organisation has in confor-
mity with the stipulations of the col-
lective agreement introduced on al-
most all its construction jobs industrial
rapid assemblyline methods. In other
words, practically all operations on
these jobs are performed by machines
and the whole technological process
is organised on the basis of the latest,
the most progressive building me-
thods. The Moszhilstroy is building in
Moscow 20 tall apartment houses and
is one of many building organisations
operating in the capital.
Extensive work is carried out in the
Soviet Union in safety engineering and
labour protection.
Improved Housing and Welfare
Services
Tremendous improvements have
under the collective agreements been
effected also in the workers' welfare.
This pertains particularly to housing
which is usually provided for in all
collective agreements. Thus, upwards
of 850,000 square metres of new hous-
ing were in the first eight months of
this year been erected for the work-
ers of the coal industry and more than
300,000 square metres (in the first half
of the year, for the workers of the
metallurgical industry. Vast numbers
of new houses have likewise been built
for the workers of all branches of the
national economy.
Besides houses, the management of
enterprises are extensively building
also cultural and public service es-
tablishments and are carrying out
municipal improvements in workers'
settlements. At the " Nahzia " peat-
ery, Leningrad Region, the manage-
ment, in accordance with the collective
agreement for 1951 is building a new
hospital, two dispensaries, two kinder-
gartens, a new waterworks and a sewage
disposal system. The management
of the " Dvigatel Revolutsii " Plant of
18
Gorky has opened a new kindergarten
for 125 children and is also building a
new workersj' club and a creche. At
the " Krasny Oktyabr " Metallurgical
Works of Stalingrad a new three-storey
polyclinic has been erected. Such
examples could be cited at great
length.
Control and Check-up
A collective agreement in the USSR
is a document of great state import-
ance. The management of a Soviet
enterprise answers for the fulfilment
of the collective agreement not only to
its personnel but also before the law.
For wilfully failing to carry out collec-
tive agreement obligations, heads of
enterprises are subject to criminal
prosecution. Grave responsibility for
the fulfilment of the collective agree-
ment is also borne by the trade union
organisation before its membership
in whose name it has signed the agree-
ment.
The Soviet trade unions devote great
attention to regularly checking up
the fulfilment of collective agreement
obligations. Besides day to day routine,
verification, mass reviews of the fulfil-
ment of collective agreements, clause
by clause, are held at enterprises every
quarter of the year in which thousands
of trade union activists participate.
The results of these check-ups are care-
fully summarized and reported to
general meetings of the workers. At
the same time measures are mapped
out to eliminate any revealed short-
comings. All this ensures high effec-
tiveness of the collective agreements and
invest them with great power, and in-
creases the responsibility of the man-
agement and the workers fo r the
fulfilment of their commitments.
Unity of Interests
A salient distinguishing feature of the
Soviet collective agreements is that in
them are harmoniously coordinated the
interests of the management and of
the personnel, the general interests of
the state and the personal interests of
the worker. This proceeds from the
position of the work in the socialist
society. He is himself the master of
production. Hence he is vitally inter-
ested in improving this production, for
the more efficiently it will operate and
progress, the richer will be his country,
(Continued on page 20)
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Tu'enJ't - me- ? a .
./ ton dump truck. An k `..'
zelea of its size may be had by comparison pith a <
? ark Aloskc ch "car sfandznQ at its side,
Giant Truck f Aewf
THE construction of the new hydropower impact of the heavy loads dumped b
irrigation canals in the USSR plants and considerable height. Y excavators from
earthwork. And Soviet industry is entails j normous There is no rear closing flap. builders with powerful technical facilities :giant excngatore of the dump P Instead, the rear
and scrapers, pp Y g the p body's floor is raised 2po? end
'superpowerful suction dredges, to name but the front of the body A steel hood el
a few. The mammoth taiznas alread driver's cab,
Now Soviet industr giants that are mechanizing arduous processes at the great has the builders a mammota 25 out a new splendid aid to Y Joined the other steel
taking the entire load of a huge excavator. c?nstruction projects of Communism,
p-truck, capable new Tekhnika-Molodezhi, No. 6, 7.951.
giant is a two-axle truck with a 300 h The new
rear drive. A hydraulic lift tilts its dump and a Alulti $
protect the motor from dust it is a its p body.
out xcavator
air cleaners, q Aped with y' TO Soviet industry has put oua
A three-wa powerful valor for the construction of irri atiori lines and
four speeds. Y transmission gives the truck mation work. new multi-bucket exca_
When loaded to capacity the pressure on the 25 -topper's that the
c A distinguishing feature of this excavator is that the
i our axle reaches 15 tons. To turn such a truck even wh
buckets run not lengthwise over the machine bu t o ise.
it is in motion, i.e., at its easiest, a 55-60 In connection with this the traction part er the excavatcavat
has ordinarily to be applied on its kilogram force
steering also different, Besides its one basic caterpillar is ewith a g wheel. Our the entire machine rests, there is yet y
which
h
giant easy, ra special hydraulic device caterpillar which is joined to the basic a one second o on auxiliary
g o of f the driver a force tubes. When the excavator digging
th
The truck's rear axle i ar h a canal l telescopic
is capable on s carry wheel. one of its banks, the auxili
whluadich i of 31, makes 500 kilograms. steering other bank. Depending Y caterpillar rolls l along of is more than equipped 3-4 e kilograms On on Strop e the h Y a maximurii pillars may on the wid idth of the canal, the cater.
internal pressure of 5 atmospheres ensures the truck
r Y tyres with an be placed closer or further apart,
riding even on a bad road, srnaoth TacticThe,
s d res deeep pand excavator can dig a canal up to one and a fiat
it
Its welded steel body has a double to to metres wide. of 0. 18 layers between steel sheets, ouble floor with Oakwood moves at a speed l i.7 k to 0.35 kilometres per ho r. In f
digging it
When It ree
This enables it to stand the motion Tekhitnikcana travel 1.7 kilometres an hour
M
I
. o
odezhr, No. 8, 1951, .
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Collective Agreements in the
USSR
(Continued from page 18 )
and the better will be the life of every
worker.
The new position of the Soviet
worker places him in new relations
also to the management of his Soviet
enterprise. Indeed, who is the direc-
tor of a Soviet enterprise? He is a
representative of the Soviet people,
the people's empowered manager of
production. In his activities he is
guided by the directives of the Soviet
Socialist State. And it is precisely the
aim of this State, along with expanding
and improving production, incessantly
to raise the material and cultural levels
of the working people. In this also
every worker is interested. Hence,
the interests of the Soviet State in whose
name the head of a Soviet enterprise
acts and the interests of the workers
of this enterprise fully coincide. And
the unity of these interests is wholly
and completely reflected in the collec-
tive agreements.
On September 18, in Huai-chen Hall, Peking,
where the Central People's Government oJ" the Chinese
People's Repablie was formed two years-ago, there
took place the presentation of the International Stalin
Prize " For the Promotion of Peace Among Nations "
o Sung Ching-ling-public figure in the Chinese
People's Republic, tireless fighter for peace, President
of the Chinese People's Relief Administration.
Presenting Sung Ching-ling with diploma and gold
medal of Laureate of International Stalin Prize " For
the Promotion a/ Peace Among Nations."
Reply to a Question
Why Soviet Peasants Have
United in Collective Farms
ALMOST in all countries of the
world the peasantry is the most
numerous class of the working
people. In the USSR the peasants
comprise about half of the population.
But, as distinct from other countries,
the peasantry in the USSR is a collec-
tive farm peasantry, i.e., it has united
in big agricultural producers' coopera-
tives (collective farms) and conducts
its economy jointly. The most im-
portant pre-requisite for the going
over of the Soviet peasants to the new,
collective method of farming was the
victory of the Great October Socialist
Revolution in 1917'. The nationaliza-
tion of the land, effected by the Soviet
State, has created favourable conditions
for the organization of big Socialist
collective farms in agriculture. The
changeover to large-scale collective
farming made it possible to employ in
agriculture successfully the latest ma-
chinery, it resulted in an increase of
the productivity of agriculture and the
productivity of labour and the advance-
ment of the material well-being of the
peasantry.
Land Turned Over
to Peasants
The working peas-
antry of pre,re- volu-
tionary Russia had
about 135 million
hectares of land. Poor
peasant households
comprised 65 per
cent of all house
holds ; among them
there were men who
had little or no land
at all.
The nationalized
land was turned over
to the Soviet pea-
santry, assuring its
requirements in land
for farming. There
were no longer any
agricultural labourers
and landless peasants.
By 1929 the working peasants of the
Soviet Union had at their disposal 28
million hectares, which increased the
amount of land per household up to
15 hectares (instead of 2-3 hectares
before the Revolution).
Tilling the soil individually the
peasants, however, could not employ
on their farms modern equipment
(tractors, binders, seed drills, thresh-
ers, combines and other up-to-date
highly efficient machinery) and to make
use of all the achievements of agrono-
mical science : without this, it was
impossible to raise the productivity of
agriculture and consequently to im-
prove the material and cultural
standards of the peasantry.
Many peasants already in the initial
years of the Soviet State united in col-
lective farms by pooling their imple-
ments and livestock. The experience
and achievements of these farms swiftly
demonstrated the avdantages of large-
scale collective farming over small-
scale individual farming. The number
of collective farms grew. In 1918 there
were 1,600 of them and in 1929, 57,000.
Parallel with this, big state farms were
functioning.
The experience of the peasant col-
lective farms and the big state farms
convinced the masses of the peasantry
of the advantages of joint collective
labour backed by machinery and the
achievements of agronomical science.
Collective farming opened boundless
potentialities for raising harvests and
yields and lightening labour through
the use of machinery.
The mass movement: for uniting in
collective farms started among the
Soviet peasantry in 1930 with the
direct help and cooperation of the
Soviet State. This help was expressed
in the granting of credits for the pur-
chase of machinery and mineral ferti-
lizers, . in the supply to the collective
fa.rrns of the necessary equipment and
implements on easy terms. Moreover,
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the Soviet Government organized
special machine and tractor stations to
service collective farms on contract basis.
During the next several years the
Soviet peasants throughout the country
united in collective farms. Instead of
25 million small, individual peasant
households there were in 1938 242,400
collective farms which had for their
use 370 million hectares of land.
Collective Farming Transforms
Land and the People
Having received from the state land
in free perpetual use, employing the
latest Soviet machinery and the gains
of agronomical science and enjoying
the constant help and support of the
state, the Soviet collective farm peas-
antry swiftly raised the productivity of
agriculture and its material well-being.
Today the Soviet peasantry is culti-
vating 488 million hectares of land,
i.e., 3.5 times more than the toiling
peasantry did before the Revolution.
The collective farms are serviced
by more than 8,400 machine
and tractor stations. The collec-
tive farms in many districts
Starting with the present issue
"Soviet Land" will regularly publish
a chess section.
0
E
Diagram .No. I
I
E
I
%%%i
W
0
^
F/q
^
NJ
V
White : King Q8, Queen KKt4,
Knight KKt 6
Black: King QB3, Queen QKt6
Pawns : QR3 and QKt 4
White's move. Will White win?
This diagram was prepared by
A. Troitsky, outstanding Russian
master of chess composition.
Chess Team Championship in the
USSR
obtain 1.8-2 and more tons of grain
and 3-4 and more tons of cotton per
hectare on big areas. The milk yields
per cow increased eight times over.
(Prior to the Revolution the cows be-
longing to the peasantry had an average
annual milk yield of 300 liters ; now
livestock raising districts obtain an
average yield of 2,500 liters per cow,
while the leading collective farms get as
much as 8,000 liters). The Soviet
collective farm peasantry holds the
world records for grain, cotton and
sugar beet yields. They amount to
10.1 tons of grain, 14.2 tons of cotton
and 189.2 tons of sugar beet per hectare.
Thanks to collective farming the
Soviet peasantry today knows no pov-
erty, unemployment or land hunger.
The peasantry of the Soviet Union
employs the most intricate and per-
fected machines on its fields. Illiteracy
has been eradicated in the Soviet
countryside. Peasant children study
not only in elementary and secondary
schools, but also in higher establish-
ments. An extensive network of
cultural, educational and service
institutions has been set up, millions
? of new homes have been erected as
well as many power stations, workshops,
brick kilns, cattle barns and other
farm and production buildings.
The Soviet collective farm peasantry
confidently marches along the road of
the steady advance of its economy and
of its material and cultural standards.
Chess championship finals for teams
were held in Tbilisi, capital of ' the
Georgian SSR, with the teams winning
in the elimination tournaments held in
the zones-the Moscow, Leningrad,
RSFSR, the Ukrainian, Uzbek, and
Azerbaijan SSR vying for the prize.
Each team consisted of ten players-
eight men and two women, and among
those participating were four grand-
masters, 10 international masters and
20-odd masters.
The tense fight for the championship
ended in victory for the RSFSR team,
which was headed by grandmaster
1. Boleslavsky. The previous champion,
Moscow's team, headed by grand-
master D. Bronstein. took second place,
and the team from the Ukraine third
place.
Chess in Turkmenin
Ches is very popular in Soviet Turk-
r%
FA.
N
Pj
rA
menu with both towns and villages in
the Republic equally devoted to the
game. It is notable that collective
farmers make up practically half of
Turkmenia's strongest chess players.
In the last tournament 20- year
old collective farmer Kurban Khanov,
from the Kirov Kolkhoz in Tedjen
District, and collective farmer Tyure.
Mamysh from Mari Region showed
championship class.
Soviet Army Championship
The Soviet Army too is very fond of
chess. There are a good many strong
players among soldiers, non-commis-
sioned officers and higher officers right
up to the rank of general who
are doing quite well in important games.
In this year's Soviet Army chess cham-
pionship games 18 of the strongest
players took part. Several thousand
players participated in the elimination
meets. V. Zagorovsky, a young master,
ringing up a score of 14, won the Soviet
Army championship, with last year's
champion, N. Golovko, taking second
place.
Manual for Collective-Farm
Chess Players
The Soviet Publishing House " Fiz-
kultura Sport " has put out a manual
entitled " Chess for Beginners," written
by International Chess Master V.
Panov. The book is intended for col-
lective-farm chess players, hundreds
of thousands of whom are taking part
in the chess movement. Besides con-
taining elementary information on the
game the volume contains also sketches
on the history of chess and methodolo-
gical and organisational instructions.
Radio Moscow Broadcasts in English
Broadcasts for India and Pakistan
Time
Meters
Indian Stan-
lord 19.30-
19.63
15360
20.15
19.74
15200
(in English)
25.34
11840
20.15-20.30
19.53
15360
(in Hindustani)
19.74
15200
25.34
11840
20.30-21.00
19.53
15380
(in Bengali)
19.74
15200
25.34
11840
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The kind and industrious Duiyaslut pleased Grand.
Pa Morozko. Accompanied by Morozko and the
little hare Dunyasha with rich presents starts on her
way home.
Dunyasha (T. Lavrova), Grand-pa Morozko
(D Silverstov), the little hare (0. Uvarova, pupil
of the Choreographic school).
O PERA and ballet theatres of the
Soviet Union stage special per-
formances of fairy tales for
children. Recently the firstnight of the
opera " Morozko " by M. Krasev took
place and was a success on the stage of
the Branch of the Bolshoi Theatre of the
USSR in Moscow and then at the
Kirov Opera and Ballet Theatre in
Leningrad. The author of this opera
who worked much and fruitfully on
music for children was awarded the
Stalin Prize for his opera " Morozko "
in 1949.
The libretto of the-opera " Moroz-
ko " was written by M. Krasev and
Y. Valina on the basis of Russian folk
tales.
The evil stepmother sends her-step-
daughtet Dunyasha to the forest for
firewood. There Dunyasha meets shiv-
ering and hungry little beasts and birds
and shares with them the bread she
took with her.
The snow-storm begins. Dunyasha
finds herself in the fairyland of the
Grand-pa Morozko (Frost).
Fairy sledge with Presents of Grand-pa Morozko
leaving the forest.
Children's Opera "corozko" at
the Kirov Opera and Ballet
Theatre in Leningrad
The kind and industrious girl won
the favour of the severe old man. He
gave her many presents and let her
go home where she was met by
her :father and the fellow-villagers
who drove the evil stepmother
away.
Composer M. Krasev created bright
and cheerful music. Melodious and
vivid it is composed in the spirit of the
traditions of the Russian opera classics.
Fantastic images of the heroes of the
opera are depicted by the composer in
a realistic manner.
Dunyasha arriving home. She is met by her fat er and fellow villagers,
22
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/"71f?110t
pumas
Extracts from Ilya Ehrenburg's Novel
"The Ninth Billow"
(Ta Be Continued)
We are publishing extracts from Ilya Ehrenburg's
novel, "The Ninth Billow." This is a sequel to " The
Storm." It tells about the struggle between the forces
of war and the forces of peace.
The last part appeared in our issue No. 21.
Professor Dumas, a noted French scientist is on
a visit to America. The reactionary elements are
determined to expel him from the country. They
indulge in slander, intimidation and base lies to
achieve their purpose.
The Professor's troubles started in the plane
where he was required to declare his race : black or
white. At the air port he was met by two Americans
-a newspaperman and a furrier. His host was mis-
sing. The Americans inform him of the slander
campaign against him.
From his hotel room the Professor saw a bit of
American way of life.
Professor Adams was giving a reception in honour
of the French scientist to which many other American
scientists were invited. But the wife of Adams indig-
nantly refused to receive Professor Dumas. She
pointed to an article in a newspaper which depicted
Dumas as chasing young girls in the streets and so
on. Adams tried to argue with his wife but it was
of no use.
Adams disliked Dumas, yet wanted to accord him
a welcome as a big scientist.
Now read on.
The next morning the newspapers reported the sensa-
tional arrest of a Soviet diplomat. Adams was overwhelmed.
" This isn't just supposition on the part of Colonel Roberts,
or the calculations of one or another member of the Cabinet,"
he thought. " Moscow's cards have been revealed. I argued
with Roberts, but he was right : the Russians are really pre-
paring for war. It's madness, of course, but Hitler also acted
contrary to logic. When Professor Hines was in Moscow he
didn't notice the main thing. Naturally, they show foreigners
a peaceful facade. I wonder what Dumas will say now? But
I know what he'll say : he's a fanatic, and he'll try to justify
the Russians. I guess Roberts was right about this too-
I should have cancelled the reception. But now it's too
late, I'll do everything I can to keep the talk away from
politics. It will be a gahering of scientists, and nothing
rnipute six of the then who
announced that they were unable to come. Some of them
gave the excuse that they were ill; the others said that work,
or family circumstances, prevent them from coming. The
ones who came were Professor Hines, Professor Bart, a big
specialist in osteology, Kremer, the biologist, McClay, the
chemist, and Henussey, a young paleoanthropologist who
already enjoyed quite a reputation. All very cordially asked
Dumas about his work. Professor Adams said :
" We are waiting impatiently for your book to come out.
It appears from the article in the `Revue Anthropologique '
that you have overturned the foundations of anthropo-
metry."
Dumas launched into an enthusiastic description of the
work of the Soviet scientist Yarkho :
" Highly interesting data, it is, and it shows how warily
one must regard indices. I was surprised at an article written
by a colleague, a professor at Columbia" University. He goes
back to the old misconceptions-he tries to prove the back=
wardness of the Negroes by skull measurements. And what
nonsense this talk is about the weight of the brain : I thought
those prejudices were forgotten long ago. This colleague
cites Cuvier's brain, which weighed 2,000 grams. That's
all very well, but why doesn't he mention that Anatole
France's brain weighed only 1,100 grams ? To believe this
high-sounding nonsense, Anatole France belongs to a differ-
ent race than Cuvier, yet both were not only Frenchmen but
members of the French Academy bes des. In the Soviet
Union such shuffling of the facts would be unthinkable ;
there, nobody is interested in distorting scientific data."
" Perhaps," Professor Henussey interrupted, " you will
say that the discussion on biology was not a distortion of the
data ? I have acquainted myself with the reports, and it is
difficult to imagine a greater subordination of science to
political orders."
" I don't find that so," Dumas calmly replied. "Of
course, their style of talk is different. I can understand
that certain expressions jar on you. But the subject of the
discussion was one of paramount importance..."
" To the Communists ! " exclaimed Professor Henussey.
" In the final analysis it was not a scientific discussion but
propaganda."
'
"
s not at all clever,
That
Dumas shrugged his shoulders.
if you'll forgive my saying so. It's hard to believe such words
come from a scientist, and not a newspaper reporter... "
Professor McClay poured oil on the flames. " Professor
Henussey had an article in yesterday's `Times' that might
interest you. He declares that the atom bomb is safeguard-
ing the culture of the West."
" That's exaggerating it somewhat," said Professor
Henussey. " But I do consider that Red imperialism threat-
ens our civilization, and only fear of the bomb is holding back
the Russians..."
Professor Adams made an attempt to save the situation.
" Suppose we return to Professor Yarkho's researches ? "
he suggested.
Everyone was silent for a minute. Then Dumas said,
looking at Professor Henussey;
" If you think the Russians want war you are under a
delusion. They are busy with other things..."
Professor Bart who had not said anything uptil now,
gave an affected laugh. " Exactly-with other things. We
read about it in today's papers... They are occupied, my
dear professor, not so much with methods of anthropometry
as with the mills in Tennessee."
had been invited Dumas made a gesture of surprise, "Do you really believe
23
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that? It's amazing ! Perhaps you take me for a satyr? No, let
us talk in earnest : don't you see that that whole story was
fabricated in the Federal Bureau of Investigation?"
Again Professor Adams interrupted :
" I should like to put a stop to this dispute-it's out of
place. We all value Professor Dumas' work and we are glad
to meet a prominent French scientist. But the political
views of Mr. Dumas really do not concern us. We have been
brought up in a spirit of tolerance. I want to tell you one
thing, dear Mr. Dumas. We reject with contempt the gross
and ignorant article written about you. However, you are
mistaken in calling a libel the statement published today. I
shouldn't like to hear our government institutions discredited
in my home... May I offer you a cup of tea, my dear Mr.
Dumas ? "
" I thank you. If you will allow me, I shall go home.
I am tired, and tomorrow I address a meeting."
He bowed and went out.
Professor McClay overtook him on the stairway. " So
now you've seen our scientists," he said. " There are times
when I am filled with despair. Henussey is a typical racist.
He is lauded as ` the shining star of American science '--
but even Adams recently said, ` Professor Henussey hasn't
accomplished a single thing, he's living on credit.'...Bart is
frightened out of his wits-he imagines Russians everywhere.
They won't forgive me for leaving together with you. Take
Adams-he's a big scientist and an outstanding man, but he
believes every newspaper canard. I'll be addressing the
meeting tomorrow. I've been appointed to introduce you,
and it's a tremendous honour for me. We'll be addressing a
broad audience for the first time. I must tell you frankly
that I'm not a Communist and we probably disagree on many
points, but I don't want war. This talk about the bomb is
disgusting. There are many like me, but people are lost,
led astray, and they don't know what to do...
He accompanied Dumas to the hotel.
Dumas found that the bulb in his table lamp had burned
out. He rang, and a young chambermaid came, opened the
door a crack, and then slammed it shut. A minute later she
came back with another chambermaid. Dumas wanted to
help her, but when she noticed him approaching the table
she let out a scream. He understood : she had read, and
was afraid.
"Don't bother, I'll do it myself," he said with a good
natured laugh. " Good-night."
He screwed in the bulb. " How silly she is," he thought..
" I'll have to remember to tell Marie, she'll have a good
laugh... I'm so tired... "
He lay down on the divan. His legs were growing numb,
and his breathing was laboured. He took a medicine bottle
and a lump of sugar out of his travelling-bag. As he poured
the drops he counted in a loud voice : "Twenty-three, four,
five..." He lay down again. Everything was a jumble : "the
chambermaid, Henussey's bared teeth, the skulls of
Negroes...
Reflections danced on the ceiling. "I ought to let down
the curtains." For some reason he recalled the SS man with
the club. " Man is a reed which thinks...I survived only
because I continued to think... There is a meeting tomorrow,
and .1 haven't prepared..." He made an effort, stood up, and
slowly started to unlace his shoes. "I'll begin like this : `We
must think, we must be thinking reeds, and then no storms
will hold any terrors for us. They talk of the bomb, but
reason is stronger than all bombs.' Now if I could only get
a few hours' sleep, to feel fresh again...!"
" No publicity," Dubbelt had warned Anders. If Anders
put announcements in the newspapers or began to hand out
leaflets, that would make it an ordinary political demons-
tration, and nothing more. " We here in America like
things to be natural," Dubbelt had kept repeating. Of
course, he would have to bring along a couple of hundred
Legionnaires and tell the Reverend Mund to mobilize his
hysterical women, but the main thing was to attract the
casual passers-by, of whom there would be more than enough
at that hour. The whole affair was to look like an outburst
of public indignation.
On the morning of the day of the demonstration, Anders
informed the newspapers. He was laconic : "Send a reporter
around to the Victoria Hotel at six o'clock. Something big."
By six-before the Legionnaires arrived-reporters and
photographers had taken up their posts. Nobody knew ex-
actly what was supposed to take place. Anders was in the
bar drinking beer. He was a tall, thickset man with a scar
across one cheek, eternally chewing on a dead cigar. When
the reporters asked him why they had been asked to come, he
replied significantly, "You'll soon find out..." Various
rumours went around ; that the police had decided to catch
in the act the owner of a large steamship line who was de-
bauching with the niece of a Republican senator ; that a
runaway Czechoslovak diplomat would hold a Press confer-
ence ; that an accomplice of Minayev's, a Canadian going
by the alias of " Kostya," was hiding in the hotel.
Jenkins, a " New York Post " reporter who had friends in
the Legion, succeeded, however, in ferreting out something.
Jenkins had no use for ideals. " I stand for one party-
my own," he frequently used to say. And he had a nasty
character : he got pleasure out of upsetting things, whether
a wedding, a deal, or a political machination. He decided
to put a spoke in Anders' wheel, and so he phoned the spon-
sors of the meeting ; without giving his name, he said,
" Legionnaires are gathering at the Victoria at six, so be
on lookout."
Professor McClay noticed movie cameramen in the lobby
of the Victoria and asked the elevator man what was going'
on. The elevator man replied, in a half-whisper, " An im-
portant Greek has arrived." Professor McClay found Dumas
engrossed in the newspapers.
" They're going to try to break up the meeting."
Dumas nodded. " Naturally. Did you think they were
going to applaud us ? Just read what they write. ` We ought
to send a dozen flying fortresses with atom bombs.' That
comes not from a plain madcap but from a member of Cong-
ress. And look at this : ` We are now able to destroy the life
of humans, animals and plants on any territory.' Admiral
Zacharias. Want some more ? `After the new war we'll
be able to build up something resembling civilisation.' Now
it's clear why they want to destroy Europe. Ruins and corpses
-that's what they mean by civilization. It's signed
` Mencken.' A degenerate if there ever was one, what do
you think." '
McClay smiled. " Of course. Only there are quite a
few like that. Incidentally, he is a friend of Professor
Henussey's."
He started telling how Mencken praised Henussey to the
skies, and then suddenly remembered : " We've got to start
out earlier. When I came here there were only movie .
men around, but they've decided to bring up Legionnaires..."
Dumas bustled about. He put his pipe, his spectacles
and his medicine in his pocket, took his walking stick with the
ivory knob, and said with a laugh, " We'll try to break out
of the encirclement."
In the quarter of an hour the scene had changed : the
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 lobby had filled witllC3~/y~i~g41~1~a~tQr~~ :
testing the lights.
Anders said to Dumas, without removing the cigar from
his mouth :
" Say, Mr. Professor, didn't you get the address wrong ?
Dumas did not reply. Anders jerked him by the sleeve.
" You've made a mistake, I tell you. You ought to have
gone to Moscow, but you landed in New York."
The young fellows laughed. " Kick the satyr out of
America," a voice shouted. An elderly man in sun glasses,
kept howling, " Red spy ! :Red spy !" Dumas pushed his
way through to the street with difficulty. The 200 or 300
persons standing in front of,the hotel began to hoot. Dumas
took a few steps forward and then stopped, dumbfounded.
Women were kneeling in the middle of the street, and one
of them, with a puffy, mealy face, was shouting, " Lord,
save America from the Red satyr ! Lord, save America !"
Dumas could not restrain himself. " Even the Nazis
didn't go this far... " he said. " Medical treatment is what
they need."
A Legionnaire standing next to the woman who was
wailing threw himself upon Dumas. ' You frog, how dare
you insult American women ! "
Ile grabbed Dumas' stick and raised it to strike him, but
just then somebody knocked him off his feet. A brawl
started. The man who had intervened on Dumas' behalf
was defending himself against several Lgionnaires ; his face
was covered with blood. No one paid any more attention to
Dumas. Professor McClay led him out of the crowd. They
turned the corner and hailed a taxi.
Gairstone's presence in the crowd was accidental. He was
to meet Betty at seven o'clock and then they would go to the
meeting together. Since morning he had done nothing but
think about their date that evening. He had left home at
five and tried to kill time. When he saw the crowd in Front
of the Victoria he asked what was up. He recognized one of
the Legionnaires-they had been together in Cassel. The
Legionnaire explained that they were waiting for a Red
spy. Gairstone laughed. " At the front you seemed smarter.
Has somebody been stuffing your head with sawdust ? "
The Legionnaire had wanted to start a fight but then
remembering the licking Gairstone had given Jim in Cassel,
he held his tongue.
Gairstone walked away, bought a newspaper, stood a while
near the subway entrance, and then came back to the hotel.
He kept glancing first at his watch and then at the hysterical
women who were wailing and sobbing. " Betty won't come
before seven. Disgusting to stand here among this riffraff...
Life is getting harder and harder. No money. No work.
Everything's vile... Bectty's sure to come at seven; she said
it was an important meeting. But can you change anything
with speeches ? Betty says you can. I don't know..."
When he saw Dumas he understood that this was the
" Red " the Legionnaire had spoken of. " He's got a fine
face," Gairstone thought. He wanted to go up to the scient-
ist and say to him, " Don't pay any attention to this riffraff.
Really, and truly, this isn't all of America" He elbowed his
way forward and suddenly saw one of the Legionnaires
threaten to strike Dumas. Gairstone knocked him off his
feet. Others ran up and began to hit Gairstone in the face.
A woman spat at him. Finally the police came up.
What's going on here ? "
He's a Red," a woman answered. " He attacked an
invalid."
The policemen led Gairstone away. His one thought
was : Betty is waiting. His head ached. His right eye had
closed. One of the policemen told him sullenly :
" When people are busy outsiders shouldn't butt in.."
Gairstone was released that night.
CIA-RDP8Dovieq,~"Milke
AGENDA Of ra
I1 CONPERENCE.
MOUTH SHUT
AND SIGN I
San Francisco Way
Polrliing eyes and trembling hand, Sign, be quick and understand -
What a miserable band.... lay murmur would he risky ! 1
That's the wav of San Francisco :
Verse by Sergei Mikhalkot
A Live Text
The U. S. and British Governments have made
it their objective to clear the way for the resurgence
of ,7al5anese militarism (newspaper reports).
The treaty's real contents.
From a drawing by All. rlbramov which appeared
in the September 14, 1951 issue of the, newsliaper
" [lloskovskaya Pravda
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egd No. E. P. 4S6
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