ECONOMIC, MILITARY, AND SOCIOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON THE SOVIET UNION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 58
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 13, 2007
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 8, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION REPORT
USSR
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information: affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.B.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner. to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
INFORMATION REPORT
Economic Military, and Soci'c.logic:al DATE DISTR.
Information on'' the BOviet Un,lon
NO. OF PAGES
REQtJIREMENT' NO.
REFERENCES
8 MAY
This is UNEVALUATED Information
econainic. roil art' 'A s?ciiological infc~x anion
NAVY
INFORMATION REPORT
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
IN FORMAT ION REPORT
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A. Topographic Information
Railroads
Newly constructed railroads
Under construction, begun in 1952, a new railroad
line from ...
r 9 following an unknown route will connect, presum-
ably at ...
with the railroad line leading to the port
of ...
Khabarovsk
M-e
Harbin
L-e
Shanghai
It-f
B. Economic Information
1. Industries
a. War industries
Early 1948 Munitions factory ...
Name
Designated by No. 101
Location
In the outskirts immediately southwest of the
city indicated in margin.
Composition
The plant consists of the followings
- A five-story, L-shaped building
"very large."
66-67
Podol I sk
16-M
25X1
25X1
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- Two two-story structures situated between the
two wings of the main building.
- A group of buildings of various sizes with sever-
al floors, used for workers' quarters. The
buildings which make up the factory (laid out
as indicated by the following diagram) are
surrounded by wire.
jiagram (see page ?a)
1. Factory
2. Workers' quarters
Early 1948
Workers
- Approximately 3000, divided into three work
shifts.
Known production
- Artillery shells of unspecified caliber.
- Shells for 50-millimeter antiaircraft machine
guns.
- Cartridges for 12-millimeter automatic weapons.
- Miscellaneous cartridges for automatic and ordi-
nary repeating weapons.
Destination of production
Part of the production is transferred to an under-
ground depot located in Sherbenka
Enterprise for the manufacture of unspecified
War material
66-67
PodolIsk
16-m
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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 F-
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x z: ~: x x x n r~ . ~~
( N1 ~
1_J
\ \ \ \ = . \ I \\
Z) 0
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Location
Approximately 500 meters to the left of the front 25X1
of the railroad station of the locality indicated
in margin.
General remarks
The plant comes under the category of "Special
Objectives", that is, industrial plants, the pro-
duction of which is of particular importance for
the war preparations of the USSR.
The personnel is composed of rigidly selected
individuals, of exclusively Soviet citizenship,
and free of any political or disciplinary record.
The enterprise and the personnel who work there
are subjected to the strict vigilance of the
police QKVD).
the factory is designated
only by the conventional formula, "Spetsialtnyy
Ob"yektiv" - Special Objective.
Description of plant
Located on a square-shaped area, the sides of which
are one kilometer long, and is surrounded by a high
wall. Composed of an indefinite number
of small structures, which seem
from the outside to be ordinary civilian houses.
Workers
Approximately 3000
Work shifts
Three shifts
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Production
Not known exactly
among other
things, rims of steel or some other special metal,
2-3 centimeters in diameter, are manufactured in
the plant.
1950
Location
- Unknown
Name
Designated by the numeral 1124".
General remarks
The institute is equipped with special laboratories
and its own offices.
Special steel alloys for use in the construction of
armored vehicles are studied and produced here.
In the period to which the information relates,, ex-
perimental tests on a plate of 100 millimeters'
thickness for use as frontal armor for tanks were
in progress.
66-67
Moscow
15-M
1952 Truck factory ...
Location
- unknown
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66-67
Minsk
7-m
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"Zavod imeni Molotova"
Plant ineni Molotova
Production
1952
1952
Since August-September 1952 the factory has been
producing "ZIM" trucks, copies of the 3-axled
American "Studebakers".
Destination of the products
The products are destined entirely for the armed
forces.
Truck factory ...
Location
unknown
Name. Production, and destination of products
Similar to those of the Minsk factory previously
mentioned.
Truck factory ...
Location
- unknown
Name
"Zavod imeni Stalin4"
Plant imeni Stalin4
Production
3-ton "ZIS" trucks, copied after the American Ford
and Willys (?) trucks.
Destination of products
The entire production is destined for the armed forces.
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66-67
Gorki
21-1
66-67
Moscow
15-M
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b. Industries of mixed production
Early 1946 Sewing machine and weapons parts factory ...
Location
About the center of the locality indicated in margin.
Designated by the sign, "P.M.Z. - Kalinin"; also
by the numeral, 1146811.
Description of plant
Formerly the "Singer" Sewing Machine factory, the
director of which, before the war, was a certain
Dixon.
Consists of the following:
- Four multi-storied buildings of various dimen-
sions, where the various departments for the
manufacture of sewing machines are located.
- One isolated building, where a "special de-
partment" for the production of a "part" for
weapons is located.
The plant is surrounded by a wall.
Connected with the factory is a concentration
camp for war prisoners, designated by the sign,
"P.F.L. 174".
Workers
Approximately 3500, divided as follows:
- 3000, jubdivided as -.7
approximately 50% Women .
If 30% Russian civilians
If 20% war prisoners of the affiliated
"P.F.L. 174" camp,
in the sewing machine production departments;
66-67
Podol'sk
16-M
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- 500 Russian civilians in the "special department".
Work shifts
A single shift in all departments of the factory
Known production
- Manual sewing machines for domestic use.
three different types are produced,
identified, respectively,, with the numerals "21",
112211, and 112311.
- A part for the construction of an unspecified
weapon.
Its use is unknown even to the workers employed in
its manufacture.
Characterics
- Made of duraluminum
- Shape and dimensions: as shown by the following
diagram, which is a life-size representation of
the-part. (See page 7a)
Destination of production
- unknown
The products are loaded on closed trucks and trans-
1950
ported to an unspecified locality.
Lathe and tank parts facto ...
Name
Designated by the numeral "450".
Workers
- About 2400
Work shifts
- Three shifts (800 workers per shift)
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66-67
Grivno
six kilometers
from Podol'sk
16-M
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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Production
- Lathes of unspecified type
- Parts for armored trucks of the "I.S" (Joseph
Stalin") type.
c. Aircraft industries
1951' Aircraft factories
General information
Five aircraft factories are located at unspecified
points in the Moscow area.
Designated by the numerals "24", "25", "26", "27", and
66-67
Moscow
15-M
Known production
Factories No. "24" and "25".
Convential, t'IL" (I1'yushin) - motored aircraft
of six different models, designated by numerals
10 through 15.
Factory No. "26"
Four-motored bombers, copied after American
"Flying Fortresses."
The mass production of the above aircraft in this
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factory was begun at the end of 1951 or beginning of
1952.
Designer: Russian aeronautical engineer T.U.polev,
who was at one time furnished a 4-motored American
plane of the type,mentioned above, which had landed
in the Soviet Union, in order that he might study
its characteristics.
- Twin-motored transport planes, copied after the
American "Douglas".
This model was designated the "T-14".
Its mass production was begun in 1951.
Factories No. "27" and "28"
Produces "MIG" jet fighter planes
d. Mining industry
June 1953
Table 15
Vorkuta
B-c
Carboniferous basin of...
One of the oldest coal beds in Russia.
There are in operation about 70 coal mines, the
exploitation of which is performed exclusively by
political prisoners, both Russian and foreign.
In addition
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-1 1
I
to mines already existing in the region, "numerous"
others will be opened in the next few years.
Mine No. 7
Constitutes part of the complex of mines cited above.
Consists of a shaft approximately 1,000 (?) meters
deep with four levels; an unspecified number of
tunnels branch out from each level.
Workers
About 1,500, divided into three shifts.
For each shift the workers are subdivided into 90
squads of five or six men each.
Duration of work shifts
Theoretically each worker is obliged to labor no
longer than eight hours daily. In reality, the
work period reaches 12 hours, for, at the end of
the shift, each squad must finish clearing away the
extracted coal from the mine and then load it on
railroad cars.
Systems of extraction
The layers of coal are worked by mining methods.
Extraction is performed with the use of4series of
manual implements (pick-axes, shovels, etc).
Pneumatic drills or other mechanical devices are
not used.
Production
Daily (24 hours) production fluctuates in the neighbor-
hood of 1,500 tons.
Classification of the mines
The mines, according to the amount of gas present in
them, are divided into four categories.
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194"
The mine under discussion here came under category 4,
that is, those which contain the greatest amount of
gas.
Incidents
Fatal accidents occur daily, caused by collapses due
to failure of the propping.
In addition, as a consequence of the high incidence
of gas, two explosions occurred, causing approximately
400 deaths in 1950 and 100 in 1952.
e. Miscellaneous
Institute for the study of nuclear ener
Location
48 kilometers from the road from Moscow
(66-67/15-M) via Podollsk (66-67/16-1,A) to
Serpukhov (66-67/15-m)
Description of plant
Consists of the followings
- Four 6-storied main buildings 150-160 by 60-70
meters in dimension.
- Unspecified number of small buildings on an area
having a perimeter of approximately three kilo-
meters surrounded by a wall approximately three
meters high.
Among the buildings are some trees.. with high trunks
and luxuriant foliage, which limit visibility.
Personnel
Approximately 1200 persons work in the plant.
Miscellaneous
studies and experiments upon
Region of
PodolIsk
16-PM
Serpukhov
15-M
neuclear energy are performed in the institute but,
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1951
in the course of experiments in
the period prior to 1947 explosions occurred which
appreciably damaged the equipment of the institute.
f. Acts of sabotage
At an unspecified period.-in the year indicated
in margin two offices of the "ZIS" (Zavod imeni
Staling) military truck factory in the locality
indicated in margin were destroyed as a result of
an act of sabotage.
66-67
Moscow
15-M
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A. Miscellaneous Russian military information
Troops
January 1954 Permanent armed strength
1952
According to gathered information, the permanent
armed strength of the Russian army amounts to
6,000,000 men.
Replacement of weapons
On the date indicated in margin, automatic rifles
with drum magazines. were withdrawn and replaced
with others having rectangular-shaped magazines.
the substituted weapons were
sent to Korea.
Equipment of troops
Very reasonable and provident: felt boots and short
fur coats in the winter.
1954 Discipline of troops
Superficially weak; in substance, harsh. The soldier
venerates equipment assigned to him.
Political indoctrination
Wednesdays and Thursdays are devoted to the political
indoctrination of the soldier.
January 1954 Pay of soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers
Privates are paid 30 rubles per month, 10 of which are
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compulsorily withheld for the State "loan."
A soldier holding particular assignments may collect
as much as 230 rubles a month. Non-commissioned
officers are paid, on the average, 550 rubles a month.
A lieutenant is paid an average of 850 rubles a month.
Services
1954 Motor vehicles in supply
Observed:
Two and three-axled "Molotov" dump trucks, capacity,
30 men.
Three-axled Russian-manufactured heavy trucks of the
"Studebaker" type.
Motorcycles similar to the BMV f ?j, built by Russian
industry in a manner not in strict conformance with
the German model, as a result of which they exhibited
various unspecified defects.
Miscellaneous
1950-53 Western border strip
In the strip bordering the sate'lite countries the
population was removed for a depth of approximately
100 kilometers and it is rumored that fortification
works are in progress.
A portion of the youth drafted into the army is in-
corporated into labor units which, in the opinion of
source, are used in works in the border strip mentioned
above.'
January 1954 Concentration of troops ...
the bulk
of the Soviet army is deployed in the Ural mountain
region, particularly armored units.
Ural mountains
(region)
K-34
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Strong units are reportedly in Soviet Mongolia and in
the Komsomol'skaya region. (Vladivostok area - Andres,
Folio 148/149, 5-8).
B. Topographical information.
66-67
Reconstruction of the city of ... Stalingrad
U-R
On the date indicated in margin, the reconstruction of
the city was completed. The urban area was appreciably
expanded. In the main, the. appreaiablersize of the area
occupied by the new urban mass is due to the fact that
the houses are. mostly single-storied and almost all
accompanied by a little garden.
Moreover, the plan of arrangement is governed by
deep and frequent fissures of the terrain which divide
off the rehabilitatable areas. The city occupies an
area of approximately 50 kilometers lying in a north-
south direction along the 4olga and approximately 15
kilometers westward from the Volga, taken at the longest
distance.
66-67
1950 New railroad bridge ... Stalingrad
Area 21-K
At the date in margin a new stone-and-cement railroad
bridge was under construction over the Volga River.
January 1954 Reported new city of Pobeda Lvictory)
According to the Russians, a city called Pobeda (Victory),
which supposedly will be the largest city in the world,
is under construction in the wooded region near Stalinskiy
Kuznetsk (Andres - Folio 148/149,1-6) in the
/Kuzbas, approximately 800 kilometers north of Independent
Mongolia, a region rich in coal deposits.
Labor employed
Political prisoners Vg1roam are reportedly used for the
construction of the city.
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1953
(formerly Altaysk) railroad trunk
Railroad Junction
The city is purportedly served by a railroad coming
from the Cheremkhovo-Stalinskiy Kuznetsk-Barnaul IJ
Road Junction
In 1950 there were no roads in the entire Kuzbas region.
Ob-Yenisey Canal protect ...
According to the Russian press, the construction of Uzbekistan
E-c
a canal connecting the Ob and Yenisey Rivers so as to
irrigate the area indicated in margin, where a consider-
able number of cotton plantations. exist, has been planned.
According to Pravda, the project will be accomplished
with the use of atomic explosives (to wipe out natural
obstacles).
The work apparently was begun in several sections) although,.
after the death of Stalin, no more information concerning
the pro-
ject was widely propagandized, especially with regard to
the use of atomic explosives, for two reasons;
Justification for eventual atomic experiments to be
conducted in the region, and as a propaganda device to
demonstrate that in the USSR atomic energy is used for
peaceful purposes.
January 1954 Volga-Leningrad Canal
Under construction
25X1
25X1
25X1
1952 Volga-Moscow Canal
Completed in period indicated in margin.
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Built across the Oka River
River passenger traffic from Moscow to Stalingrad
has begun.
1946 Belomorskoy Canal (White Sea Canal)
Completed after the war.
Joins Leningrad with the White Sea through intervening
lakes.
Labor employed
Russian political prisoners, of whom, it is reported,
900,000 perished.on the task.
1953 Volga-Don Canal
Completed on date indicated in margin.
Depth: 5-6 meters
Tugboats of 50-60 tons pass through it.
January 1954 Asphalt roads :..
In 1952 the asphalting of various roads was begun;
because of the well-known scarcity of stone through-
out the USSR, even wastes from the processing of coal
are being used for the construction of the road-bed.
The main highways have a width of approximately 12
meters.
The aideroads which connect the main highways are
approximately eight meters wide. On the date in-
dicated in margin the following were asphalted:
main highways:
Stalino (66-67/15-r) - Kharkov (66-67/14-Q)
- Mariupol' (66-67/14-S)
Don Basin
G-E
(region)
and the connecting road:
Bodinovka-Providanka-Makeyevka (large suburbs of Stalino).
66-67
January 1954 Radio station ... Stalin
15-r
C, Economic News
Agriculture
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January 1954 Reform of the kolkhozes
The aim of kolkhoz reform in practise is to improve
conditions, by means of the following:
Increased government payments
Quantitative reductions in products to be delivered
to Stat7.
Reductions of taxes, both cash and in kind, upon
cattle, homes and vegetable gardens.
Industries
1950 Krasnyy Oktyabr' (Red October) Tractor Plant
Factory for medium-type tractors in ...
Metallurgical enterprise - coke plant...
Characteristics
Complex of buildings traversed by the railroad and the
Mariupol1-Stalino highway.
Has two parallel rows of smokestacks approximately five
meters high.
One row of five smokestacks
One row of four smokestacks plus one shorter one.
Running perpendicularly to the above-mentioned two
rows is a row of four smokestacks.
There are, in addition, two batteries of pipes for the
gas, each with three tubes approximately 50 meters high.
Leading from the enterprise is an aerial conductor of
approximately 35 centimeters caliber.
1946 Aircraft factories
Here are produced bombers; one model produced is
similar to the American "Douglas".
66-67
Stalingrad
6b-b7
Chelyabinsk
662957L
Stalino
15-R
" Krasnoyarsk
41-L
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1950 "Uralai'" Truck Plant
Produces outmoded trucks similar
January 1954 Iron metallurgical enterprise
A foundry
extremely large with an extremely large number of
chimneys.
Textile enterprise
25X1
1950 Unspecified iron metallurgical enterprises
many iron
metallurgical enterprises with chimneys in the city
indicated in margin.
an enterprise for
chemical products, because of the characteristic
batteries of pipes.
1950 Unspecified industrial enterprise .e
in a town
approximately 200 kilometers east of the locality
indicated in margin a large number of brickyards and
other unspecified enterprises.
January 1954 Factory for coal distillation derivatives
Production
- Bitumen
- Heavy oils, etc._
66-67
Chelyabinsk
3 5-L
66-67
Molotov
30-K
66-67
Moscow
15-L
66-67
Chelyabinsk
35-L 25X1
66-67
Makeyevka
15-R
66-67
Stalino
15-R
Tayga
G-D
25X1
25X1
Novosibirsk
F-d
25X1
66-67
Stalino
15-R
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The mechanical shovel consists of a large "scoop"
which,,.by means of slight forward agitations, collects
and transports the coal on a conveyor belt carrying
the ore on little buckets.
- Various pneumatic hammers of American manufacture.
- A light pneumatic hammer weighing eight grams, of
Russian design and manufacture.
- Electric lamps which are attached to the belt.
- "Galoshes" until 1950, after which date, rubber boots.
- Buckran trousers and jackets
- Fiber helmets
- Electric locomotives to pull the carts in the tunnel,
of Russian manufacture poorly copied (frequent breakdowns)
from a similar American vehicle.-
- Old-type elevators with a capacity of nine persons and
a cart of one cubic meter.
- Surface cars pushed by hand
- Conveyor belts
- Some mines have facilities for the washing of the coal
- All the mines have railroad sidings to the main network.
- The locomotives which pull the cars from the mines to
Russian inventor
Mining industries
"Standard" equipment of mines and workers
Mining equipment is modern.
Mechanical devices are, for the most part, of the type
used by Americans, slightly modified by Russian designers.
Observeds
- a mechanical shovel, used in the tunnel, which bears
the designation "Kombinat..." and the name of the
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1954
the main railroad network are rather small, antiquated,
and of German or British manufacture.
- Water pumps
- American-type aerators of recent make.
Motor power
New hydroelectric station ...
a hydroelectric
station is under construction in the vicinity of the
railroad bridge under construction on the right bank
of the Volga River 50 kilometers south of the city.
According to the Soviet press, it will be the largest
in the world.
66.67
Stalingrad
21-R
66-67
Kuybyshev
26-0
Hydroelectric station ... Kuybyshev
Situated on the Volga River
Use of methane in motor transport
As of the date indicated in margin all heavy trucks
were furnished five cans of methane or other gas
sufficient for a range of 180 kilometers. The trucks
are also fueled with gasoline.
January 1954 Gas plant
1950
Chemical enterprise ...
Production: unspecified
Transport
Railroad traffic
On the Chelyabinsk (66-67/35-L) - Tomsk
66-67
Stalino
Novosibirsk
-9-
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1950
1950
railroad line, on intense movecf freight
trains was observed, loaded as follows:
coal headed towards Europe
unspecified freight headed towards Siberia
On the Novosibirsk - Kemerovo line3trains drawn by
enormous locomotive were observed.
River fleet ...
Vessels towed by tugboats observed.
The tugboats are of iron, are long and low, and have
four stacks of the "lighter" type.
Each tugboat pulls three or four barges.
In general, little river traffic is observed going
upstream.
Also observed are many passenger steamers, double-
bridged, weighing 150-200 tons, and armed with a 76-
millimeter cannon located Qt. the prow.
River port of
66-67
Stalingrad
21-R
66-67
Saratov
23-P
The docks of the port are T-shaped piers.
Six cranes on the docks of the right bank observed.
Finance
August 1953 Periodic disappearance of money in circulation
The disappearance for a period of three of four months
of money withdrawn from the banks is noted every year.
On the date indicated in margin the workers of the
Ganzovkaya mine were paid only half of their wages.
The alleged reason for this event was the fact that,
because the mine had failed to attain the production goals
set by the plan, the directors had to show reasons for
their failure and to wait for the Ministry of the Coal
Industry to grant subsidies.
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Social conditions
1950 Medicinals in general
On the date indicated in margin there was little
distribution of penicillin, whose State-fixed price
amounted to 180-200 rubles per 100,000 units.
The penicillin was American-made.Terramycin literally
unknown, even in 1954.
Streptomycin appeared in 1953 (Russian-made).
Sulfamides: scarce
Miscellaneous
January 1954 Petroleum research ...
On the date indicated in margin., sounders for petroleum
research were observed in the mining region.
1946 Lumber production
19' '
66-67
Stalino
13-R
Antibes f
S-K
In the city indicated in margin the principal
activity is the cutting of timber.
The logs are thrown into the Yenisey River to be carried
along by the river stream.
Internal situation
Forced exodus of population in the North
In the period indicated in margin there began the forced
migration of the population inhabiting the following
regions:
?- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, East Prussia
For the population of the three Baltic states the dis-
placing of the inhabitants of the large centers was
carried out by direct invitation to the heads of families,
after the purging of the ruling class had been accomplished.
In small communities the removal was carried out by means
of MVD troops, a half hour's time being granted individuals
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(7'J - ? I
1949
Soviet aviation
a. Airports
66-67
January 1954 Armed military airport of ... Stalino
15-R
Location
Near the Putilovka barracks, a short distance from the
railroad station.
25X1
25X1
Ithe airport was a training field for
"MIG" jet fighter: planes and had cement runways.
Number of airplanes observed
Approximately 100 MIG's
Janury 1954 Unspecified airport ...
Location
to make preparationSto leave.
The Baltic populations were sent to the following regions:
- Uzbekistan, Siberia, and the Kuzbas
The politically dangerous were sent to the Vorkuta area.
For the inhabitants of East Prussia a choice (Germany or
Russia) was possible at first, but subsequently the
system of forced emigration was adopted.
The Prussians were dispersed throughout Russia and the
sovietization of Prussia was begun, to the extent that
Koenigsberg was renamed Kaliningrad.
Forced exodus of the populations of the western borders
All inhabitants in4100-kilometer strip in the area of
the new frontier, from Belorussia, the Subcarpathian
Ukraine, Moldavia, and Bessarabia were evacuated, the
family nucleus remaining intact, and dispersed in Siberia.
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1945
Mate the largest airport in the Don Basin region
direction of Kiev.
Approximately 100 kilometers no
January 1954 Airport of
ports in the area of the city indicated in margin.
Obstacle-warning lights for air navigation ...
In the region of the mine,l Itwo latticed
towers on which were two red lights to warn of
obstacles
1946 Aircraft factories
Bombers similar to American
k1n
"Douglas's" areAp oduced :.
in
Soviet Navy
a. Navy
1950 Warships
several photographs printed in a booklet
published on the occasion of the naval celebration the
following naval units, located
g_P
66-67
Stalin
66-67
Krasnoyarsk
41-L
66-67
Chelyabinsk
X35-L
Molotov
30-K
66-67
Moscow
15-L
66-67
Kronshtadt
10-L
- 13 -
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A battleship recognized as the former "Giuglio Cesare"
Julius CaesaZ7 surrendered by Italy as war reparations,
66-67
in ... Sevastopol'
10-T
the armored cruiser "Krasnyy 0ktyabr1" (Red October)
armed with large-caliber guns (381 millimeter?)
two units, presumably cruisers of the "Sverdlovsk"
class (from the name of the Communist hero).
Military river fleet
The military river fleet, the headquarters of which is
in Moscow, consists of gunboats.
three of these at Stalingrad, two of which
were of average type and the other, new.
January 1954 Naval trimming and insignia
On their caps sailors wear only one of the following
inscriptions:
- Baltiyskiy Voyenno-morskoy Flot (Baltic Fleet)
- Chernomorskoy Voyenno-morskoy Flot (Black Sea Fleet)
- Tikhookeanskiy Voyenno-morskoy Plot (Pacific Ocean Fleet)
Insignia of various sorts on the right shoulder.
14
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MFOORA ?,TOO T REPORT M1 OG3Gv AINO I
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
STATE I ARMY
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution
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This material contains information: affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE. ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
Economic s? . Military. and Soc i'giogical. DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO. RD
REFERENCES
This is UNEVALUATED
Information'
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE TENTATIVE.
eccnioinic'd. militaryn-grid s.ociOlogicai 1IitODsua on
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A. Topaerarbic Information
1Tewlt oonatructed railraads
Under construction, brgun in 1952, a now railroad
line from ...
following an unknown route.,will connect, presua?
ably at ...
with the railroad line leading to the port
Khabarovsk
tl-e
Harbin
Le
Shanghai
L-f
B. Econam-io Info_
1. Indust y
a. lluduo triea,
!4A=___. 1_ itiyis ad ...
Designated by No..101
6
Imams
In the outskirts imiediately southwest of the
city indicated in margin-.
Composition
The plant consists of the followings
? five-story, L-shaped building
Overy large."
'~ T
~~~t~rtiV
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66-67
PodolIsk
16-M
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SECRET
NAOA.
? Two two-stort structures sitwatdd between the
two wings of the main building.
-.A group of buildings of various sizes with sever-
al floors, used for workers'. quarters. The
buildings which make up the factory (laid out
as indicated by the fallowing diagram) are
surrounded by wire.
5iagrQ (see page .2m)
1. Factory
2. Workers' quarters
? Approzimatel,y 3000, divided into three work
shifts.
j- neoduQti~
- Artillery shells of unspecified caliber.
? 3h ells for 50-milliaster antiaircraft machine
guns.
? Cartridges for 12-nilliaster automatic weapons.
? Miscellaneous cartridges for automatic and ordi-
nary repeating weapons.
stination of production
tilt of the production is tranmferrsd to an under-
ground depot located in'Sherbenka C?,7 (not shown
an map used), a short distance from Podoltsk.
Early 1948 -
lutercrisefoe the mama tare of unspecified
ft matarw
CET
VOF
94
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66-6?
lodol.'sk
16-e.
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ri
SECRET
NOFORN
i Fa~~o.rv
I,tiGt HCrS' 14ar ie *;
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?pproxisatel7 300 asters to the left of the fsoat
W
of the railroad station of the locality indicated
in .
Gin. rumam
.The plant e,oass under the categary at ?8peciai
Objestives', that is, industrial plants, the, .Pe'-
duction of which is of particular laportance for
the war prsparstioas of the U3S1.
The psrsoarl is coaposed of rigidly sslee,tcd
individuals, of exclusively Sorist aitisenship,
and free of s political or disoiplina 7. record.
The, saterpeiss sad the persaewl who work thee.
are w&bjsste,d to the strict iisilaase, of the
Qoiiss I D).
jl1L
the factory is designated
only by the, oon .ntioul forwAla, 'dpstsial'gy
Obyektiv' - 21pcial Objective.
L.Ai~ttt
Losatsd on a squar.shaped area, the aides of which
are os. Wooster loz , and is surrounded by a high
wall. Composed of an indefinite auabsr
of ssa11 strw.e r'se, whit sssm
f*aa ?tbe entaide, to be - ordiaery oiviliM batare,s.
~pprodaately 3000
]a'1.-.... s_hit~
shifty
Three,
IVOE?il
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NoEORr
. Prod
Not known exactly
among other
things, rims of steel or sons other special metal,
2-3 centimeters in diameter, are manufactured in
the plant.
$Kperiaentel instate
lacat j
- Unknown
Designated by the =metal 92(48.
The institute is equipped with special laboratories
and its own offices.
Special steel alloys for use in the construction of
armored vehicles are studied and produced here.
In the period to which the information relates, ex-
perimental tests on a plate of 100 millimeters'
thickness for use as frontal-armor for tanks were
in progress.
66.6?
Moscow
15-M
Truck factors
Locati
-4-
66-67
Minsk
7-m
tOFORN. ~.~.
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StMA
? NOFORIV.
"Zavod imeni Molotcwm"
"i an+ ir?rij ! oio'ova
Production
Since August-September 1952 the factory has been
producing "ZIP trucks, copies of the 3-axled
American "Studebakers".
DestLation of ---A - M214.
The products are destined entirely for the armed
forces.
Truck factors ..,
jaga
unknown
lbo, produatiogi destination of Products
Similar to those of the Mirsk factory previously
mentioned.
Truck factory
"Zavod imeni Stalin4"
Plant imeni Stalin4
oduo og
3-ton "ZIS" trucks, copied after the American Ford
and Willys (7) trucks.
Destination of Products
The entire production 3 s destined for the armed forces.
1 OFORN
66-67
Gorki
21-1
66.6'
Moscow
15-M
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SEGRA
NOFORN
V, Industries of :rrt.xed production
sewin machine and weapons carts factory
a O
About the center of the locality indicated in margin.
Designated by the sign, "P,M.Z. - Kalinin"; also
by the numeral, "468".
decd ption of p1e&
Formerly the "Singer" Sewing Machine factory, the
6
director of which,, before the war, was a certain
Consists of the following*
Four multi-storied buildings of various dimen-
sions, where the various departments for the
manufacture of sowing machines are located.
One isolated building; where a "special de-
partment" for the production of a "part" for
weapons-is located.
The plant is surrounded by a wall.
Connected with the factory is a concentration
camp for war prisoners, designated by the sign,
'"P~F.L. 174".
1 P ~, k
Approximately 3500, divided at; followst
3000, reubdivided as #oilowsj7
approximately 50% women
30% Russian civilians
20% war prisoners of the affiliated
"P.F.L. 174" camp,
in the sewing machine production departments-
Sul
Vj 'i U
rOFORN
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Poda"k `esh
j M
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NOFORN
500 Russian civiiiane in the "special department".
Work shifts
A single shift in all departments of the factory
production
Manual sewing maehines'tor domestic no*.
three 3ifferent type: are produced,
identified, respeotlvely~ with the =morals "210,
022N P and 023".
A part for the construction of an unspecified
weapon.
Its use is unknown even to the workers employed in
its manufacture.
Character=
? Wade of duraluminum
- Shape and dimsnsioner as shown by the following
diagram, which is a lif.atse representation of
the pert. (See page 7a)
Restination of production
-unknown
The products are loaded on closed trucks and trans-
ported to an unspecified 1D)cality.
Lathe sal tank parts fac; tc:~ , ? .
teams
Designated by the numeral "4500.
W
- About 2400
Work shift#
Three shifts (800 workers per shift)
66.67
Grtrno
apr..roxima1.eay
six kilcmete7,
fr om 1, (xi C>1
16. M
25X1
25X1
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SE~REV
NOFORN
OOOK1u
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tr".juctia
Ln r `.ee ~.ff t;n: ;)eci: i ~: tv '
f
in" type.
Aircraft fact rler
i,enerat lnfertatlor
Fkva aircrf:'t? fart>:r1n i t- Incatr-4 at utrrYeclft d
w arf,
c s,
. n`.6 in the mOe o
Dr:i:gnete-3 b; the rn, :i~ral.,4
n2c,>t
,!;,Fr V
f 1u Cifff t'*1[ "t. ..~ y i ~t 1Lsi~ d t)y nu^.;r4r is
I.0thres h15
j~~. :wCi tl t'~ ill ~?la.i t. }.or ~~.? .A"- ~1u1?r/f% Hi ..L ti~ ~. .~?1 thi
FQR! ,
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SL:C1ET
1OFORN
factory was begun at the eni of 1951 or beginning of
1952.
Designers Russian. aerouaut:.cal engineer TU.polev?
who was at one time furrYshed a 4-motored American
plane of the type neittioneu ab.:sve, which had landed
in the Soviet Union, in order that he might study
its characteristics.
Twin-motored transport planes, copied after the
American "Douglas"
This model was designated the "T-]4".
Its mass production was begun in 1951.
Ia torioe No. "27" aj i "28"
Produces "*IG" jet fighter planes
d. Quing i uPtrZ
Carboniferous basin .of
One of the oldest coal beds in Russia.
,There are in operation about 70 coal mines, the
exploitation of which is performed exclusively by
political prisoners, both Russian and foreign.
in addition
NOFORN
Table 15
Vorkata
B-C
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SECRET
VOFORN
r.c, mines already .3x1sLing in the region, "numecour+"
,trers will be opened i.n the next, few years.
Ldl ne No, 7'
Constitutes part of thti pomp]ex of mines cited abova
Consists of a shaft approximately 1,000 (2) meters
leap with tour levels, 9n unspecified number of
tunnels branch out from aq.h level.,
W,-)r kers
About 1,500, divided i nt.c, three shifts.
F^r each shift the work,~rh are subdivided inta 90
squads of five or six roes each.
Duration of work W f'ta
Theoretically each worker is obliged to labor no
longer than eight hot.re In reality` the
work perioi reachea 12 Y,: alas, for, at the erO of
the shift, each squad m vit fir.?. sh clear. iag away the
extracted coal fre-aa the n .',nn and then load it on
railroad -.ars,
SYS t,eza of extracts.:,n
The layers of coal ai?e worked by mining methods,
Extraction is perfortmd sith the use of4series of
A
manual implements (i.~.:k axes, shovels, etc).
Pneumatic drills or other mechanical devices are
not used,
Production
Daily (24 hours) production fluctuates in the neighbor-
hood of 1,500 tons.
Classification of the miu06
The mines, according to the amount of gas present in
them, are divided into fooir categories,
~OFORN
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SECRET
OVORN
The mine under discu:;eiac, ',:gyre came under categ?-ory 4,
that to, those which con?e h the greatest stnount of
gaa*
Incidents
Fatal actsidents occur daily-, caused by collapses due
to failure of the prrppi ng ,
lu gddition, as a ^r,::y ~uen.~y of the high incidence
of gas, two explosiora occurred, causing approximately
400 deaths in 1950 and 100 in 1952,
e. b[ scellaneo s
Institute for the stvvdyof nuclear enew
Location
48 kilometers from the ru&d from Moscow
(66-67/15-U) via PodclI9k ?;66-67/l6-M) to
Serpukhov (66-67/15-m)
Description of plant
Consists of the followings
Four 6-storied main buildings 150-160 by 60-70
meters in dimension.
Unspecified number if s-:1.d1 buildings on an area
having a perimeter of Mpproximately three kilcr-
i'eters surroaw.iel ry a rill approximately thrya
meters high.
Among the buildings are some trees with high trunks
and luxuriant foliage, W-,-trh limit visibility.
Personnel
Approximately 1200 persons work in the plant.
Miscellaneous
studies and experiments upon
neu^lear ever. y are p3rfor-med in the institut% but ,
R r
Pod o3 sk
15_ra 25X1
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St C ET
1 OEORN
in the coarse of experiments I
the period prior to 10,47 explosions occurred which
appreciably damaged the equipment of the institute.
f. Acts of sahotade
At an unapecifi?. a7; - In t4 y6r&,z indicated 16 in margin two offices of the "ZIS" (Zavod imeni
5ti1ine) military truck factory in the locality
indicated in margin were destroyed as a result of
an act of sabotage.
~ ON,
ON EN
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M.~4r 'w
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SECRET
NIUE
A0 Misg llansoous Iuas military iRf2juati
Troo
Permanent armed streaetb
According to gathered information, the permanent
ari-od strength of the Russian army amounts to
6,000,000 sea.
,~nh_nto_fw!s_
On the date indicated in margin, automatic rifles
with drum nagasines. were wiildrawn and replaced
with others having rectangular-shaped magasines,
the substituted weapons were
Eaui 421
Very reasonable and providents felt boots and short
fur coats in the winter.
Discipline of trop
Superficially weak; in substamae, harsh. The soldier
venerates equipment assigned to his.
Political indpotriatioa
Wednesdays and Tbs rsdys are devoted to the political.
indoctrination of the soldier,
a~~- 19% Ely of soldiers, non-ooatns
because of the well-icnotm scarcity of stone through-
out the USSR, even wasters from the processing of coal
are being used for the construction of the road-bed.
The main highways have a width of approximately 12
motors.
The sideroads which connect the main highways are
approximately eight motors wide. On the date in-
dicated in margin the fallowing were aspbalteds
main highwayss
Stalin (66-67/15-r) - Xhar'kov (66-67/]4-Q)
Stalin " - Mari.upol' (66-67/14-3)
and the connecting roads
Radio station ...
ZOODCaig 1M
Agriculture
66-67
Stalin
1-?r
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Re- o:rm of the koakboser
The aim of kolkhos reform in practise is to improve
conditions, by means of the followings
Increased government payments
t4uantitative reduction in products to be delivered
t o Stats7.
Reductions of taxes, both cash az in kind, upon
rattle, hoses and vegetable g.rdens.
Inuustri2l
l rasnyy Ckctyabr' (Red October; Tractor Plant
btr6i
Stall.nrad
l''actory for medium-type tractors in
...
Chelyabinsk
45.
1
6(;- 67
Metallurgical enterprise - coke plant
...
Stal ino
15--.R
Charayteristice
Complex of buildings traversed by the railroad and the
Marinpol'-Stalino highway.
Has two parallel rows of smokestacks approximately five
meters high.
One row of five smokestacks
One row of four smokestacks plus one shorter one.
Running perpendicularly to the above-mentioned two
rows is a row of four smokestacks.
There are, in addition, two batteries of pipes for the
gas, each with three -tubes approximately"50 meters high.
leading from the enterprise is an aerial conductor of
approximately 35 centimeters caliber.
&Lrraftf_ ores
66-67
In Irasnoyarak
41-b
Here are produced bombers; oz model produced is
similar to the American "Doug]as.
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? SECRET
"Ur&IM" Truck F1 t
Produces outmoded trucks similar
on metsilraical onterpjCise
? foundry
extremely large with an extremely large number of
chimneys.
Textile enterprise
Unspecified iron metallurgical enterprises
aagy iron
indicated in margin.
metallurgical enterprises with chimneys in the city
an enterprise for
rrenical products, because of the characteristic
batteries of pipes.
Unspecifiedindustrial enterprise
in a town
approximately 200 kilometers east of the locality
indicated in margin a large number of brickyards and
other unspecified enterprises.
Fac,torr for coal distillation derivati
Prod u.iu t_
- Bitumen.
- Heavy oils, etc.-
66-E,'7
Chelyabinsk
35-L
66-67
Molotov
30-K
66-67
Moscow
15?-L
66-6"
Chelya:i,Ash
35-L
66-67
Makeye zk,a
15-R
66-67
Stalin
15-R
Tayga
G-D
Novosibirsk
F-d
66-67
Stalino
15-R
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25X1
25X1
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KinGiB Industries
"Sts a equi nt of times sad workers
Mining equipMnt is modern.
Mechanical devices are, for the most part, of the type
used by Americans, slightly codified by Russian designers.
Ohserveds
a mechanical shovel, used in the tmmrl, which bears
the designation wi-olii~t ... M ai t~~ ? name of the-
Russian inventor
The mechanical shovel consists of a large 'scoop" .
whiohiby means of slight forward agitations collects
and transports the coal on a conveyor belt carrying
the ore on little buckets.
- Various pneumatic hammers of American manufacture.
- A light pneumatic htmowr weighing eight grams, of
Russian design and manufacture.
- Electric lamps which are attached to the belt.
- "Galoshes' until 1950, after which date, rubber boots.
- Buckran trousers and jackets
- Fiber helmets
- Electric locomotives to pull the carts in the tunnel,
of Russian manufacture poorly copied (frequent breakdowns)
from a similar American vehicle.
- Old-type elevators with a oapacity of nine persons and
a cart of one cubic meter.
- Surface oars pushed b7- hand
? Conveyor belts
- Some mines have facilities for the washing of the coal
- All the mines have railroad sidings to the main network.
- The locomotives which pull the cars from the mines to
OFORN
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GC14E 1
the main railroad network are rather ssial.l, antiquated,
and of German or British manufacture.
Water pumps
American-type aerators of recent asks.
motor ROU
66-67
New hydroelectric station ... Stalingrad
^17 O
a hydroelectrio
station is under construction in the vicinity of the
railrosd.bridge under construction on the right bank
of the Volga River 50 kilometers south of the city.
According to the Soviet press, it will be the largest
in the world.
66-67
Kuybyshev
26-0
Hydroeleetriostaj ...
Situated on the Volga River
Kuybyshev
Uge of 'methane in motor trans=
As of the date indicated in margin all heavy trucks
were furnished five cans of methane or other gas
sufficient for a range of 180 kilometers.
are also fueled with gasoline.
r A 9 V an t
Chemical enterprise
Productions unspecified
vans
Railroad triffic
On the Chelyabinsk (66-67/35-L) -.Tomsk
Novosibirsk
-9-
S~~G~ET
BORN
The trucks)
66-67
Stalino
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 Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1
SECRET
'0 QRN,
railroad line, on intense move of freight
trains was observed, loaded as follo as
coal headed towards Europe
unspecified freight headed towards Siberia
On the Novosibirsk - Kemerovo lines trains drawn by
enormous locomotive were observed.
66-67
River =et ... Stalingrad
21-R
Vessels towed by tugtoats observed.
The tugboats are of iron, are long and low, and have
four stacki of the "lighter* type.
Each tugboat palls three or four barges.
In general, little river traffic is observed going
upstreu.
Also observed are ^ rq passenger steamers, double.
bridged.. weighing 150-20O tons, and armed with a 76-
mill4 aeter omenn located it the prow. ?
66-67
'.,. River port of ... Saratov
23-P
The docks of the port are T-shaped piers.
Six cranes on the docks of the right bank observed.
.
1953 Periodic diaUpear^anoe of money in oiroulatLcm
The disappearance for a period of thaw of four months'
of money withdrawn from the banks is noted every year.
On the data iiwdicated in margin the workers of the
Oansovkaya mine were paid only half of their wages.
The alleged reason for this event was the fact that,
because the mine had failed to attain the production goals
not by the plan, the directors had to show reasons for
their . failure and to want for the '"a' ry of the Coal
Industry to grant subsidies.
OFORN
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 Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1
16L.rv 1951,
Social cotioas
M di_ c_s in Qineral
On the datw indicated in margin there was little
distribution of penicillin, whose State-fixed price
asounted.to 100-100 rubles per 100,000 units...
The s was Ann an-ado, terri~poin literally
unknown, even in 1954.
Streptogcin appeared in 1953 (Musaian-rude
Sulfamideas scarce
113 scellaaeau
Petro_lean rosearsh ...
V Out the date indicated in. aargin, sounders for petroleua
research were observed in. the mining. region.
Dauber croduotioa ...
In the city indicated in margin the principal,
activity is the cutting of timber:
The logo are thrown into the Tonisey liver to be carried
along by the river stress.
Internal situation
Forced ezoft--gt flonnlation in the 1tah
In the period indicated in margin there began the forced
migration of the population inhabiting the following
regionsi
- Estonia, Ltvia, Litbnania, East hvssia.
For the population of the three Baltic states the dis-
placing of the inhabitants of the large centers was
66-67
Stalin
13-R
?ntibe? ?
carried out by direct imitation to the heads of fmailies,
after tbe'purging of the ruling class had biea accomplished.
In wall o-a-.pities the removal was carried out by new
of YVD troops, a half hairs s f se being granted individuals
11.
.+.:fwwN+rw Y
RN
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 Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1
to make preparatioaisto leave.
The Baltic populations were sent to the following regionst
- Usbakista*, Siberia, aid the Liebe.
The politically dangerous were sent to the Vorkuta area.
For the iapabitants of last Prussia a ehoice (Sermanror
Russia) was possible at first, but subsequently the
1'i 54
system of forced emigration was adopted.
The Prussians were -t 4 s; rsed throu_hcut Russia and the
sovietisation of Prussia was begun, to the extent that
Koenigsberg was renamed Kaliningrad.
Forroed_;odus of the oooulations of-tbe western borders
#11 iahabitanits in4100-kilometer strip in the area of
the new frontier, from Belorussia, the Subcarpathian
Ukraine, Voldavia, and Bessarabia were evacuated, the
fasily.nucleus rsnrining intact, and dispersed in Siberia.
Sa-iet aviatica
Armed ailitarv airport of
A
Year the Patilo ks barracks, a short distance from the
railroad- station.
the airport was a.training field for
$MI4" Jet fighter Planes and hid cement runays.
hasher of airnlaaas obi
#Pproa ia. tely 100 110's
Untmified airno t
66-67
Stalin
15-9
Stalin
SECRET.
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 Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1
SECRET
QEORh
Approximately 100 kilometers north of Stelino in the
direction of Kim:
e the largest airport in the Don Hama region
January 19 54
ports in the area of the oity indicated *in mania.
e-p
Ohstae1.warni lights for sir atie
In the region - . of the win , two lattioed
towers an which were two red lights to wan of
obsta4os
Bombers s3ailar to r^ssiosa
"Douglas so araA~ odaosd r Y ',
66-67
Stalin
66-67
Krasnoyarsk
41-L
66-67
Chelyabinsk
35-L
llolot-OT
Sat
a* am
IMA"
ia.steal pao rqh printed is a booklet
I-MM t'494- an the ossasioa at this await ealsbration the
faltering aaw-i Matra, losatsd
...,..,~...:.~:........:. NOFORN
66-67
Moscow
15-L
66-67
Kronahtadt
10-L
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 Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1
ti -tie5hip recogn' : ,~?.i as U'..
ar^ored 'ru19 er.
tried with large-caliber gins ~:? . rnyl.l.;.mest:^.r
two units, pre umably crzlsars of the. "3ver~l?.~r.;k
class (frog the name of tho Cum:aunist hero) .
ILlitary river fleet
TI military river fleet, tr-.? ;:eadquarters of whir, .;s
in Mosoows consists of gunbc un,
3talingred,, two of whi. h
were of average type and th-s tha ' ; new.
Nava;_ trimming and i,naiznia
On their caps sailors wear only one of the following
.~r,riptions
.t.yskiy Voyenno-morskcy Flot (Eaitic Fleet)
omors eoy Voyenno-morskoy Flot (Black sea Fleet)
x_bockeanak.y Vo,yeruio?moratroy Flot, (Pay1fic Ocean Flee'
:;raa of various sorts on ,.he -Lght shou_.,xer,
Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP83-00418R004200110001-1