EXPULSION OF SOVIET REPRESENTATIVES FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES 1970-81

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CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5
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RIFPUB
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K
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9
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December 21, 2016
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June 5, 2008
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73
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February 1, 1982
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Approved For Release 2008/06/05 :CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 --~ . ~ _ _ .. .. r _.~_ ~. ?~ ~. _. _.~... , Remcrks: State Dept. review completed. Approved For Release 2008/06/05 :CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 13 D/EEO 14 D/Pers Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 ~~r~~gn Affaa~s N?te United States Department of State Washington, D.C. Expulsion of Soviet Representatives from Foreign Countries, 1970-81 expulsion of Soviet representatives .rom foreign countries has occurred regularly since the days of Lenin, zxplicable in large part by Mos- cow's way of dealing with other srates. According to available in- formation, 27 Soviet officials were expelled worldwide in 1981, in- cluding one charged by Danish authorities with passing money to ?ocal peace and antinuclear groups and others from Malaysia, Egypt, and the United Kingdom. In 1980, by comparison, some 116 Soviet officials were expelled from Spain, Canada, New Zealand, and at least six other countries, 100 of them from Pakistan when the government there undertook to reduce the Soviet presence. P~hile the majority of Soviets expelled from foreign countries are usually charged with espionage (the surreptitious or clandestine acquisition of secret information), an increasing number have been sent away in recent years because of involvement in "active measures" (covert and sometimes overt influence operations intended to affect third nations' policies). Espionage may be of a political, nilitary, or industrial nature; it State Dept. review completed. may also include the attempted penetration of foreign intelligence and security services. "Active measures" operations, on the other hand, have been found to include the funding of labor and student unrest; agitation against an estab- lished government; clandestine contact with and.suppart of indig- enous dissidents and/or separatist groups; propaganda, deception, and disinformation activities; and political influence operations. This report provides a listing of those expelled in 1980-81 as well as a sampling of the major expulsion cases from the 1970-79 period. The most notable of that decade included the 105 Soviet intelligence operatives from the United Kingdom and 9 from Belgium in 1971, 60 from Bolivia in 1972, 5 from China in 1974, and 11 from Canada in 1978. However, since many countries prefer to avoid publicity in such cases, the total number of persona non grata actions, forced terminations of assignments, and deportations of Soviet officials is believed to be substantially higher tran the lists indicate. Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 AFRICA Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 anish press ' accounts, Merkulov inter alia ar- ranged through a local KGB agent- of-influence to have some 150 Danish artists sign an "appeal" calling for a Nordic nuclear- weapons-free zone and supplied funds to have the appeal placed as an advertisement in a number of local newspapers. He also al- legedly maintained clandestine contact with the Copenhagen-based Committee for Cooperation for Peace and Security, an umbrella organi- zation of about 50 smaller peace- related associations and groups, with well-established ties to the Soviet--dominated World Peace Council. Equatorial Guinea April 28, 1981: Soviet Embassy in Malabo was asked to reduce the size of its staff from 195 to an unspecified number, according to Madrid radio. The Equatorial Guinean Military Council also asked the U.S.S.R. to cease using the fishing base to which it had access ? at they Guinean port of Luba. Liberia March 18, 1981: Aven Muzyken, second secretary at the Soviet Em- bassy in Monrovia, was expelled for engaging in acts "incompatible with his diplomatic status," ac- cording to Monrovia radio. April 2, 1981: Valentin Petrov, first secretary at the Soviet Em- bassy in Monrovia, was expelled for engaging in acts "incompatible with his diplomatic status," ac- cording to the April 1 issue of the Liberian Daily Observer. EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Malaysia July 13,~~1981: First secretary Gennadiy Stepanov, second secretary Vladislav Romanov, and engineer/in- terpreter Zardat Khamidulin, all with the Soviet Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, were expelled for espionage shortly after the arrest of Sidek Ghouse, political secretary to the Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister, on charges of spying for the U.S.S.R. The police reportedly seized an assortment of Soviet-supplied es- pionage equipment, including a portable radio transmitter supplied to Romanov (who was said to have. re- cruited Sidek) which was used to summon Sidek for meetings with him. (Romanov was identified as the KGB "resident" in Kuala Lumpur.) Denmark October 1981: Denmark expelled Vladimir Merkulov, a KGB case offi- cer working under the guise of So- Italy January 7, 1981: Anatoliy Zazulin, an employee of the Soviet Embassy's commercial section in Rome, was expelled on charges of espionage. The Netherlands April 15, 1981: Vadim Leonov, TASS correspondent to The Hague,_ was asked to leave the Netherlands on undisclosed charges.. Norway April I, 1981: Timor Besedin, Georgiy Petrov, and Yevgeniy Mironenko, all with the Soviet Trade Mission in Oslo, were de- clared persona non grata and ex- pelled from Norway, reportedly on charges of industrial espionage. (In retaliation, two Norwegian diplomats who had served previously in Moscow were declared persona non rata by the Soviet Foreign Minis- try and prohibited from entering the U.S.S.R. in the future.) S ain March 6, 1981: Vladimir Yefre- menkov, second secretary at the Soviet Embassy in Madrid, was ex- pelled for espionage. He was charged with trying to obtain in- formation about and from the Span- ish Defense Intelligence Center as well as about the Movement for the Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 -- Self-Determination and Independence of the Canary, Archipelago (MPAIAC). Novosti journalist Yuriy Golovia- tenko was also implicated with him, according to press reports, and left the country hurriedly when his role was disclosed. March 27, 1981: Yuriy Bychkov, Soviet director of Sovhispan (the joint Soviet-Spanish fishing com- pany), was expelled on charges of political involvement and espionage activities in the .Canary Islands. a L'n ited K ingdom August 4, 1981: Second secre- tary at the Soviet Embassy in Lon- don, Viktor Lazin, was declared persona non grata by the British Government for engaging in activi- ties "incompatible with his diplo- matic status," according. to the London Guardian. Lazin's expulsion reduced the number of Soviet diplo- rr,ats in London to 46, the same number of British diplomats cur- rently posted in Moscow. (In accordance with an aide-memoire delivered to the Soviets when the British expelled 105 Soviet diplo- mats en masse in 1971 on charges of espionage, the U.S.S.R. will not be permitted to replace Lazin.,) EgYPt September 15, 1981: Egypt ex- pelled Soviet Ambassador Vladimir Polyakov, six other Soviet Embassy personnel, and two Soviet corres- pondents on charges of plotting to foment sectarian strife in the country. A statement issued by the government accused Moscow of re- cruiting agents in Egypt and ex- ploiting religious strife as well as "influencing the spread and escalation of sectarian strife," in coordination with leftist elements in Egypt and unnamed hostile Arab countries. Bangladesh August 1981: Aleksei Zolotukhin and Vadim Lazarev, both third secretaries with the Soviet Embassy in Dacca, were declared persona non grata by the Bangladesh Government for assaulting a local security of- ficial during an incident at Dacca airport in which Soviet Embassy officials attempted to smuggle sen- sitive electronic equipment into the country. Pakistan June 1981: V1adlen Baykov, Pravda correspondent in Pakistan, was expelled on charges of engaging i.n "illegal" and possibly espio- nage-related activities. ~jANUARY-DECEMBER 1980 Equatorial Guinea February 1980: Yuriy Kiselev, consular officer at the Soviet Embassy in Malabo, was expelled from Equatorial Guinea on charges of espionage. He had allegedly tried to purchase. information con- cerning the Equatorial Guinean armed forces. New Zealand January 24, 1980: Vsevolod Sofinskiy, Soviet Ambassador to Wellington, was declared persona non grata and subsequently expelled for having supplied Soviet funds to the pro-Moscow Socialist Unity Party (SUP) of New Zealand.. The Auckland Star reported on January 25 that New Zealand Security Intelligence. Service electronic monitoring had caught Ambassador Sofinsky transferring thousands of dollars to the SUP. The transfer was only one of a regular series of f and transfers. )EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA _Canada January 21, 1980: Igor Bardeyev (military, naval, and air attache), Eduard Aleksanyan (assistant mili- tary attache), and Vladimir Sokolov (chauffeur to the military at- tache's office), of the Soviet Em- bassy in Ottawa, were expelled on Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 - ~charges of espionage. After the domestic radio speculated that the Soviet Foreign Ministry retaliated four Soviets were involved in by expelling a Canadian diplomat "agrarian reform" espionage. from Moscow, the Canadians on Sernen~~r..hev was identified as the February 7 expelled Vitaliy KGB "resident" in Portugal. Trofimov, a clerk in the Soviet Spain Embassy's commercial section.. February 14, 1980:. Oleg Sura- France February 9, 1980: Commercial officer Gennadiy Travkov, third- ranking official at the Soviet con- sulate general in Marseille with the rank of consul, was expelled on charges .of espionage. .Travkov was caught photographing documents described by French officials as having "important French national defense value." According to local press reports, four unidentified French citizens believed to be contacts who supplied the Soviets with sensitive material related to air and naval defense matters were also arrested. - February 28, 1980: Vyacheslav Frolov, public affairs officer at the Soviet consulate general in Marseille, was expelled on undis- closed charges. Press accounts speculated that he was involved in the Travkov affair. Italy May 1980: Andrey Kinyapin, em- ployee of the Soviet commercial office in Turin, was declared persona non grata and expelled by Italian authorities on undisclosed charges. Local Italian press re- ports speculated that Kinyapin was involved in clandestine activities. Portugal August 20, 1980: Albert tdatveyev (minister-counselor), Yuriy Semenychev (counselor), Vladimir Konyayev (assistant naval attache), Aleksandr Kulagin (em- ployee, military attache office), all with the Soviet Embassy in Lisbon, were declared persona non rg ata and expelled from Portugal on charges of "interference in in- ternal Portuguese affairs," in accordance with Article 9 of the 1961 Vienna Convention, according to an official Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs note. Lisbon nov, director of Aeroflot in Ma- drid, was expelled on charges of espionage. He was alleged to have maintained contact with the Father- land and Liberty Basque separatist organization (ETA) and other "ultraleftist" terrorist groups in Spain. February 16, 1980: Anatoliy Krasilnikov, first secretary at the Soviet Embassy in Madrid, was ex- pelled on charges of espionage. According to Spanish press reports, he maintained contacts with the Movement for the Self-Determination and Independence of the Canary Archipelago and other "illegal extraparamilitary organizations" and had been apprehended with incriminating information on his person. Iran June 3.0, 1980: First secretary Vladimir Golovanov of the Soviet Embassy in Tehran was expelled on charges of espionage. According to Iranian domestic radio, he had been caught handing "espionage documents" to a foreign resident of Iran. August 18, 1980: The U.S.S.R. was instructed to close one of two Soviet consular .offices in zran and reduce its diplomatic staff in Tehran after Iranian Foreign Minis- ter Ghotbzadeh at .a July 2 press conference accused the Soviets of conducting espionage activities in Iran. The Soviet consulate in Isfahan was subsequently closed and the staff in Tehran cut back. Pakistan August-September 1980: Alleged espionage activities and violations of the rules governing the dissemi- nation of propaganda in Pakistan reportedly led to the departure of about 100 Soviet diplomats and staff members from Pakistan. Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 J_~~L:~RY; 1970-DECE~IBE~ 1979 A. Kolosov, an interpreter in the Liberia April 1979: Vladimir Popere- chniy (first secretary), Mikhail Timoshkin (Soviet Ambassador's secretary), and Igor Trekhlebov (chauffeur), all with the Soviet Embassy in Monrovia, were expelled on charges of maintaining contact with members of the Progressive Alliance of Liberia (PAL), which had organized demonstrations against food price increases, April 14, 1979. The three Soviets were allegedly seen at PAL headquarters on the eve of the riot and were believed to have played a role in organizing the demonstrations. Sudan August 2, 1971: Sudanese officials expelled Mikhail Orlov, counselor at the Soviet Embassy in Khartoum on charges of plotting against the Nimeiry regime. Short- ly thereafter, about 200 Soviet military advisers were expelled from the country. Within the next 5 years, all Soviet economic and technical support personnel were gradually withdrawn from Sudan, although diplomatic relations were maintained. Tunisia September 23, 1973: Two un- identified Soviet diplomats were declared persona non grata and subsequently expelled by Tunisian authcrities on charges of "manipu- lation aimed at Tunisia and a neighboring country," according to La Presse de Tunisie. Also impli- cated in the same espionage-related activity was an unidentified No- vosti journalist and a number of Tunisian Government officials. China January 19, 1974: Chinese vice foreign minister declared persona non grata first secretary V. Mar- chenko and his wife, third secre- tary U. Semenov and his wife, and military attache's office, all with the Soviet Embassy irk Beijing, on charges of espionage.' According to the protest note delivered to the Soviet Ambassador, the five were caught in the outskirts of Beijing with a Chinese national, Li Hung- Shu, as they were handing over a radio transmitter and receiver, communications timetables, means of secret writing, and forged border passes; and receiving intelligence and "counterrevolutionary docu- ments." The entire operation was said to have been filmed by Chinese security and militia officers, according to the Chinese press. Belgium October 1971: Nine unidentified Soviet intelligence officers were expelled on espionage charges. Canada January 1974: Pravda corres- pondent Konstantin Geyvandov was expelled from Canada on espionage- related charges. December 10, 1976: Vladimir Vassiliev, assistant air attache at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, was declared persona non grata by Cana- da for "activities incompatible with his diplomatic status," ac- cording to the Toronto Globe and Mail. July 1977: Valery Smirnov, assistant military attache at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, was ex- pelled on espionage -related charges. February 9, 1978: Canada ex- pelled Nikolai Talanov (embassy counselor); Igor Vartanyan (Soviet Embassy first secretary in charge of sports and cultural affairs); Vladimir Suvorov (second secre- tary); Oleg Reztsov (embassy at- tache); Vera Reztsov (embassy library employee); Anatoly Mikhalin (Soviet trade officer in Ottawa); Vadim Borishpolets (Ottawa consular attache); Vladimir Oshkaderov (Rus- sian translator at the Internation- al Civil Aviation Organization headquarters in Montreal); Yevgeny Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 ? r, Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 aaplov, (emoassy clerx;; ~ennaaY Ivashavich (embassy third secre- tary} and Pyotr Lellenurm (embassy seco~:d se r_-enary)--a11 on charges cf plotting to penetrate the se- curity apparatus of the Royal Cana- dian Mounted Police (RCMP}. In addition, two Soviet officials who had already returned to Moscow, Voldemar Veber and Andrei Rrysin, ;ere barred from returning to Canada. According to Canadian of- ficials, the Soviets had offered a Tember of the RCMP "unlimited" funds fob information on Canadian intelligence methods and had ac- taally paid $30,500 over a period of nearly a year for material de- liberately supplied by the Cana- dians. The operations concentrated e:~ uncovering RCPdP methods used in ssr?~Teillance of Soviet representa- fives in Canada. France October 16, 1975: French offi- cials announced the expulsion of '~:ikhail Solovyev, a member of the Soviet Embassy commercial section i~ Paris. French counterespionage agents arrested Solovyev (who was :gearing a wig and dark glasses) at the Notre Dame de la Gare Church, after he was handed a dossier allegedly containing plans for a secret new French jet engine. July 1, 1978: Colonel Viktor Penkov, assistant military attache at the Soviet Embassy in Paris, was arrested and subsequently expelled o~ espionage charges. Italy February 13, 1970: Italy or- dered the expulsion of Vladimir Aleksandrov, a Soviet Embassy employee, and Lolli Zamoisky, an Izvestiya correspondent, on charges of espionage. The two Soviets were =aid to have received secret mli- tary information from an unidenti- ~ied Italian noncommissioned offi- cer who had been arrested the pre- vious week. The Netherlands ~Iay 6, 1970: Second secretary Boris Netrebskiy and Vladimir S;:arovatov, botl'i with the. Soviet Embassy in The Hague, were expelled on charges of espionage. Fallowing a car accident in which the two were involved, Dutch police found among their personal belongings in the car a map with Dutch military installations marked on it. April 7, 1972: First secretary A. Lobanev, third secretary A.N. Illarionov, and attache M. Makarov, all with the Soviet Embassy in Copenhagen, were expelled on charges of espionage. July 1975: A.A. Kiselev, mili- tary attache with the Soviet Em- bassy in The Hague, was expelled on charges of espionage and collecting Dutch military secrets: March 30, 1978: According to local newspapers, S. Cheryayev of the Soviet Trade Mission and I. Lopukhov, director of the Soviet Intourist office in Amsterdam, were expelled on charges of espionage. A. Poleshchuk, a Soviet electronics specialist, employed in the Nether- lands by the Soviet state companies Mashniborintorg and Elecktronorg, was declared persona non grata and denied future entry into the coun- try. The three were suspected of trying to obtain secret information about the F-16 aircraft and elec- tronic and military aviation as well as information related to pro- duction and research in Dutch mili- tary industry. Two days later, Dutch security officials expelled G. Burmistrov, member of the Soviet Trade Mission in Amsterdam, and V. Khlystov, managing director of the mixed Dutch-Soviet company Elorg BV, on similar espionage-related charges. Norc~~av September 19, 1970: Valeriy ilesropov, Soviet engineer and identified KGB operative attached to the Norwegian firm Koneisto Norge A/S, was expelled on charges of espionage. April 11, 1973: Third secretary Yuriy Polyushkin and attache Valeriy Yerofeyev, both attached to tY'ie Soviet Embassy in Oslo and _identiified as KGB operatives, were expelled on espionage charges. January 28, 1977: A. Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Printsipal'ov, third secretary at the Soviet imbassy in Oslo, as well as an unidentified embassy chauf- feur, were declared persona non grata by Norwegian authorities and expelled for their involvement in political espionage activities. In a separate incident, Aleksandr Dementev, Igor Izachtirinsky, and Eugenya Klimanov, all with the Soviet Embassy's commercial sec- tion, were expelled on charges of espionage. Also implicated and charged c~ith espionage against Norway was Eugenya Zotin, a TASS correspondent. February 7, 1977: Gennadiy Titov, counselor at the~Soviet .Embassy in Oslo and identified KGB officer, was expelled on charges of espionage. Spain March 1977: Yuriy Pivovarov, member of the Soviet commercial mission in Madrid for 2 years, was expelled on charges of espionage (the first expulsion of a Soviet from Spain since the Spanish Civil War, according to Diario 16). Pivovarov was believed to have been the Soviet military intelligence (GRU) "resident" in Madrid. July 4, 1977: Gennadiy Sveshnikov, director of the Spanish-Soviet maritime company INTRAMAR, was expelled on charges of espionage. Believed to have been a GRU intelligence officer, Sveshnikov was arrested by agents of_ the Spanish High General Staff in Aranjuez when he tried to dis- card a packet of documents alleged- ly concerning Spanish national security affairs, according to Diario 16. April 1978: Yuriy Ysayev, com- mercial officer with the Soviet Em- bassy in Madrid, was expelled on charges of espionage. clay 1978: Yuriy Popov, identi- fied only as a Soviet engineer, was expelled from Spain on charges of industrial espionage. Switzerland February 12, 1970: Aleksei Sterlikov (first secretary) and Nikolai Savin (second secretary), both with the Soviet Embassy in Bern, Switzerland, were expelled on charges of espionage. According to Swiss officials, the two Soviets were contacts of Marcel Buttex, a Swiss spy suspect who had been arrested 1 week earlier. Buttex established "letter drops" for So- viet agents in Switzerland and in West Germany, according to these officials. August 22, 1976: Swiss offi- cials expelled Eugene Bogomolov, second secretary at the Soviet Embassy in Bern, on charges of political espionage. June 6, 1978: Vladimir Bukreyev, Soviet International Labor Organization (ILO} official in Geneva, was expelled from Switzerland on espionage charges. June 26, 1978: Gregori Myagkov, Soviet ILO official in Geneva and KGB operative, was expelled from Switzerland on unspecified "in- telligence-related activities." United Kingdom June 22, 1971: Lev N. Sherstnev (first secretary) and Valery S. Chusovitin (third secretary), both with the Soviet Embassy in London, were expelled from Great Britain on charges of engaging in "intelli- gence operations" against the United Kingdom. (Shortly there- after, Moscow ordered the expulsion of two British diplomats in Moscow in retaliation.) September 24, 1971: Britain ex- pelled 90 Soviet diplomatic and other representatives on espionage charges and barred the return of 15 others who were temporarily out of the country.. The names of the 105 Soviet intelligence operatives had been provided 1 month earlier to British counterintelligence offi- cers by a ranking KGB defector, who also provided information on the planned infiltration into England of Soviet agents for the purpose of sabotage; other documents provided by the defector detailed Soviet plans for infiltrating segments of the Royal British Navy. 7 Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Yugoslavia Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5 Ecuador July 6, 1971: Three unidenti- fied Soviet diplomats working at the Soviet Embassy in Quito were expelled "for reasons of state and of internal order," according to the Ecuadorean Foreign Ministry. Press accounts speculated that the diplomats were involved in foment- ing labor strikes and conflicts. March 6, 1976: An unidentified Soviet citizen, described only as a woman in her early thirties, was arrested in Yugoslavia on charges of espionage and acting as a con- tact between the Soviet consulate general in Zagreb and pro-Soviet dissident political groups whose activities were linked directly to anti-Tito emigres living in the U.S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia. Her arrest coincided with the sudden departure from Zagreb of Soviet consul general Yuri Sepelev, who was ostensibly reassigned to Mos- cow. Argentina November 7, 1970: Yuri Yabov and Yuri Mamontov, administrative aides in the commercial section of the Soviet Embassy in Buenos Aires, were expelled by Argentine author- ities for "activities incompatible with their function as members of a foreign diplomatic mission." The two Soviets had been arrested 2 days earlier in a police raid on a meeting in suburban Belgrano. Bolivia April 10, 1972: Sixty Soviet diplomats working at the Soviet Embassy in La Paz were expelled on charges of financing leftist rebel. movements in the country. Accord- ing to press reports, only four or five Soviets were permitted to remain in La Paz. Costa Rica August 19, 1979: Costa Rican President Carazo declared Soviet first secretary Yuriy Chernysh and second secretary Aleksandr Mordov- yets persona non grata on charges of inappropriate involvement with local labor unions during an August 1979 general strike in Costa Rica over labor and community issues. Mexico March 21-22, 1971: Soviet charge d?affaires, Dimitri Diako- nov, and four other unidentified diplomats working at the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City, were ex- pelled for engaging in "subversive activities." Their expulsion from Mexico was believed to be related to the arrest 2 days eariler of 20 persons described as revolutionary group members trained of in a guerrilla tactics in North Korea. The 20 had attended the Patrice Lumumba Friendship University in Moscow before going on to Pyongyang. Diakonov had already been expelled from Argentina in 1959 and from Brazil in 1963. India February 1975: Soviet assistant military adviser Major Kanvasky and one other unidentified Soviet of- ficial were expelled on espionage charges. February 1979: Two unidentified KGB officers allegedly posing as Soviet diplomats were expelled on espionage charges. Sri Lanka September 3, 1977: Envar Kapba, secretary of the Georgian Republic Trade Union Council, and Konstantin Tuzikov, an official of the Soviet All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, were declared persona non rata and expelled by Sri Lankan authorities for "interference in the internal affairs of Sri Lanka." Both were in Colombo to attend the Ceylon Workers Congress. Approved For Release 2008/06/05: CIA-RDP83M00914R002200160073-5