GOVERNMENT/ACADEMIC RELATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83M00914R002300110019-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 17, 2008
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: December 21, 1982
• Content Type: MEMO

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DCI/ICS 82-4331
21 December 1982
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence
VIA: Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
Director, Intelligence Community Staff
Director, ice o lanning
SUBJECT: Government/Academic Relations
As-a part of the Intelligence Community's long-range planning efforts, my
office has'been working with Dr. Richard Beal, Director, Office of Planning
and Evaluation, Executive Office of the President in exploring mechanisms for
fostering closer ties between the Federal Government and US universities in
the areas of foreign languages and international studies. Dr. Beal's efforts
have reached the point where implementation strategies are being surfaced
which will affect the entire foreign policy community. According to Dr. Beal,
Judge William Clark will be discussing these efforts, which are described in
detail in the attached materials, at meetings of the SIG(I), SIG(FP), and
SIG(DP). We are prepared to answer any questions you might have concerning
this issue. My point of contact is
Attachment:
a/s
UNCLASSIFIED
.:a
Z,,3 0
STAT
STAT
STAT
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SUBJECT: Government/Academic Relations
Distribution (DCI/ICS 82-4331):
Original - DCI
1 - DDCI
1 - ER
1 - D/ICS
1 - IPC (Kerr)
1 - FLTC (Ginsburg)
1 - CIA - Executive Director
1 - D/DIA (Williams)
1 - D/INR/State (Montgomery)
1 - D/NSA (Faurer)
1 - D/OCC
1 - D/OPBC
1 - D/OHC
1 - ICS/OP Chrono
1 - ICS/OP Subject
1 - ICS Registry
DCI/ICS/01~ I(21 December 1982)
STAT
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UNCLASSIFIED
21 December 1982
Government/Academic Relations
1. One of the challenges to emerge from the 1985 Intelligence
Capabilities Study was the manpower issue. A subset of that issue raised by
State/INR had to do with the academic community: the health of area and
international studies departments and the state of relations between them and
the Intelligence Community. In t e course of ex Lorin this issue Office of
Planning representatives met with,,,,,, who
had been a member of the Presidens Commission on Foreign Language and
International Studies and who was attempting to organize a conference
involving representatives from the government and academic sectors. These two
communities were to address the question of what was wrong with these
relations and how they might be mended. The Office of Planning helped
generate participation from within the IC. The conference was held on 11
March 1982 under the joint sponsorship of Georgetown University's Center for
Strategic and International Studies and the National Council on Foreign
Language and International Studies.
2. The Conference concluded that the Government/Academic relationship
was in need of repair and that a working group ought to be formed to suggest
remedies. Such a working group was formed consisting of and
Richard Beal, Director, Office of Planning and Evaluation, Executive Office of
_t_he Preci dent r nrh2;V.....,.,.
Raymond Platig, State INR; an
ntei 11gence ommuni y
3. The working group has met several times since its formation and has
produced a proposal and a basic implementation strategy for consideration by
another conference tentatively scheduled for March 1983. The proposal is to
create a National Council on International Research and Manpower modeled after
the Soviet and East European council. (To reduce the number of councils the
latter would be absorbed by the larger National Council.) The Council would
be responsible for publicizing those fields of research of primary concern to
the government, selecting from among the proposals submitted to determine
which would be funded, and reviewing the quality of the products generated.
The Council would consult with the federal side to agree on those areas of
medium- to long-term interest to the government. The full charter is
attached.
4. The working group also agreed that the likely institutional framework
to represent the government's interests is the National Security Council. To
this end, Richard Beal has discussed the matter with Judge William Clark and
has obtained his agreement in principle. The NSC has the scope and authority
to tap the full range of international interests from both major and minor
players. Judge Clark may soon surface the idea of the National Council before
the SIG(FP), the SIG(DP), and the SIG(I). An NSC-centered body would
determine the government's needs for medium- to long-term research as well as
its manpower requirements for international and area specialists and convey
them to the National Council.
UNCLASSIFIED
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5. The final, and perhaps most intractable, topic considered by the
working group was that of funding. The working group had agreed early on that
the nature and level of funding had to be in addition to current levels and
sustainable at generally predictable levels. The group also agreed that it
had to work simultaneously on short- and long-term funding strategies. It
probably will take at least two years before the Council can begin disbursing
funds, and perhaps five years before a sustainable mechanism is in place. For
FY 1984 and FY 1985, something on the order of $500,000 to $1 million will be
required which will have to be acquired from a variety of sources. Dispersals
will begin to be made for research projects by the third year, FY 1986, at
which point the program costs could rise to at least $6 to $7 million. A
variety of government agencies will be asked to contribute operating funds for
the third through fifth years, including the intelligence agencies. The study
group believes that by that time the Council will either have a sustainable
source of funding or be required to terminate its efforts for lack of support.
6. The working group plans to proceed on several fronts in the coming
months. will focus his attentions on developing support for the STAT
program from throughout the academic community. Dick Beal will do the same on
the government side, concentrating on confirming the NSC as the focal point
for Federal agencies with international interests of any kind.
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Proposal
for the Establishment of
A National Council on International Research and Manpower
On March 11, 1982 representatives of twelve federal agencies
with international responsibilities met for a full day with a
group of eleven specialists in international relations from as
many major American universities to explore ways in which the
international resources and skills of American universities could
be more effectively and systematically related to the research
and manpower needs of the federal government in a manner equally
beneficial to the longterm interests of both parties. The
federal agencies involved were the White House, the Departments
of State, Commerce, and Education, the International
Communications Agency, the Agency for International Development,
the National Security Council, the Air Force, the Intelligence
Community, the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security
Agency, and the Defense Intelligence Agency. The eleven
universities were Brandeis, California (Berkeley), Columbia,
Georgetown, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Michigan, Pennsylvania,
Stanford, Wisconsin, and Yale. Participating also were
representatives of the Senate's Select Committee on Intelligence,
the Association of American Universities, the International
Research and Exchanges Board, the National Council for Foreign
Language and International Studies, the National Council for
Soviet and East European Research, and the Center for Strategic.
and International Studies.
There was unanimous agreement among this group that there is
sufficient commonality of interests and needs in the
international area to merit the creation of a means to insure
regular and systematic exploration of shared problems and to
initiate solutions therefor. The group also concluded that this
process might best begin with the subjects of campus-based
research on international policy issues of importance both to the
federal government and to the advancement of scholarship, and
with the closely associated matter of producing and training new
cohorts of specialists capable of conducting high-quality
research, i.e. the manpower problem.
The following factors argue in favor of this approach. Where
the government is concerned:
There has seldom been a time when the country has faced
as many or more serious international problems and
challenges. In coming decades these are likely to
-increase in number and complexity. This is true in the
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private as well as the public sector, and in the civil
as well as the military spheres of government.
The conduct of our foreign relations--and, by logical
extension, the insurance of an adequate national stock
of competencies and skill to enable us to conduct these
relations effectively--is a central constitutional power
and responsibility of the Federal Government. It is not,
however, an exclusive concern. The Administration,
through its "New Federalism" policy, has been calling
for increased cooperation with state and local
governments and with the private sector. The proposed
program would be a useful and positive step in that
direction.
The universities of the United States possess
collectively by far the greatest aggregation of
international resources and skills in the country, but
this enormous national resource is now being utilized in
only minor and fragmentary fashion.
Since the late 1960s there has been a continuous and
severe decline in funding for advanced research and
training in international affairs, and a parallel
decline in the numbers and perhaps the quality of new
professionals entering the field. This has already
affected replacements and, if allowed to continue, will
seriously damage our national stock of international
resources and skills.
The budget priorities of the 1970s put severe
constraints on any increases in foreign affairs
manpower in federal agencies, even as international
challenges grew in scale and complexity. This program
would assist the government in meeting these challenges.
Even at times of fuller funding, the international
research agencies of the federal government have often
had to slight long-term research and analysis in favor
of keeping abreast of seemingly more urgent short-term
research needs and demands. The proposed program would
help remedy this deficiency.
The importance of international and comparative factors
to teaching and research in all fields of the social
sciences and humanities has increased steadily and
enormously since World War II.
While never a really major part of their teaching or
research agenda, American universities did succeed in
the 1960s and early '70s in building from scratch a
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number of excellent international teaching and research
programs.
This progress was made possible and sustained in
critical part by external funding.
With few and minor exceptions, this external funding is
now no longer available. Most universities are
experiencing serious difficulties in providing adequate
support for international studies as well as other
needs, and the programs themselves are gradually
beginning to decline in quality, in popularity, and in
teaching and research capacities.
It is in the interest of both the universities and the
federal government that this decline be halted and
reversed before it becomes more serious. Federal
funding could assist in the i-esP_n+- .- #- of these
programs. phesetvatto//
It is the purpose of this program to obtain such funding
without damage to other federally funded,
university-based, international programs and to do so on
terms just as beneficial to the interests of American
scholarship as to those of the federal government.
Where the private sector is concerned:
The relations between the universities and that part of
the private sector which conducts the nation's foreign
business relations have been even more minor and
fragmentary than in the case of the Federal Government.
As the share of GNP attributed to exports steadily rises
and foreign competition on our domestic market steadily
increases, the national need for added knowledge of
export markets and foreign competitors and the economic,
financial, political and social factors that affect them
at home grows correspondingly. Once more, we believe
that these circumstances create the possibility of
cooperation between the universities and the private
sector on mutually beneficial terms. We propose to
explore this possibility with leaders of the business
community.
Against this background, the March 11 Conference agreed to
constitute a small task force--co-chaired on the federal side by
Dr. Richard S. Beal, S ecial Assistant to the President, and on
the academic side by
University--and charged it with developing a plan for the
improvement of cooperation between the international agencies of
the federal government and the universities in the fields of
long-term research and training on international issues of mutual
STAT
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interest and reporting the results to the entire group for-its
consideration and action. It was hoped that subsequent
discussions could involve the international private sector as
well.
I THE-ACADEMIC DIMENSION:
The Task Force recommends the following plan for the
establishment of a National Council on International Research and
manpower (NCIRM) :
The National Council on International and Manpower Research
is a federally and privately funded, non-profit, autonomous,
academic corporation situated in and established under the laws
of the District of Columbia. Its purposes are: 1) To develop
and maintain continuously a program of advanced research on
foreign and international matters of a political, economic,
social, cultural, or historical nature that relate to the basic
and longterm interests of American scholarship and the United
States; 2) To encourage and assist through its research programs
the training of younger scholars and graduate students and thus
contribute to the maintenance of an adequate national supply of
international skills in the future; and 3) To provide a means
for initiating periodic discussions and suggesting joint actions
with respect to areas of shared interest and concern in the
international sphere among the Federal Government, the private
sector, and the universities.
The National Council on International and Manpower Research
is a tripartite body composed of a Council of Presidents, a Board
of Trustees, and an Advisory Group.
Basic authority and responsibility inhere collectively in the
Council of Presidents. This body consists of the presidents (in
a few cases chancellors or provosts) of the following seventeen
major research universities: California (Berkeley and Los
Angeles), Chicago, Columbia, Harvard, Illinois, Indiana,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Michigan, Minnesota,
Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin,
and Yale. This Council will appoint a small Executive Committee
from among their own numbers and maintain a presence in
Washington, D. C. The Executive Committee, with the approval of
the Council, will appoint a Board of Trustees that will, on the
Council's behalf, perform the operating functions described
below.
The Board of Trustees:
The Board of Trustees will be composed of distinguished
scholars with extensive professional experience in the fields of
area or international studies. The Executive Committee of the
Council of Presidents will select the members of the Board of
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Trustees with a view to maintaining at all times representation
on the Board of scholars specializing in each of the eight major
world areas (Western Europe, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,
East Asia, the Middle East, South Asia, Latin America, Southeast
Asia, and Africa) and a similar number of major international
issues or problems that transcend specific world areas. Trustees
will serve three-year terms, so staggered that about one-third of
the terms expire each year. No Trustee may serve more than two
consecutive terms in office. All Trustees shall serve as
individual scholars and not as representatives of their home
institutions. The Trustees shall. establish programs and National
Council policies; conduct the National Council's relations with
the Federal Government, the private sector, and other external
agencies; solicit, review, and select proposals for funding;
appoint an Executive Director and the corporation's officers;
establish and supervise the administration of the National
Council's business; and in general determine, and be responsible
to the Council of Presidents for the proper and efficient conduct
of the National Council's affairs and the safeguarding of
academic interests and values.
The Advisory Group:
The Advisory Group will consist of representatives from the
following professional organizations selected by whatever
procedure may be determined by the organizationn concerned: the
Social Science Research Council, American Council of Learned
Societies, American Political Science Association, American
Economic Association, American Historical Association, American
Sociological Association, American Anthropological Association,
American Society of International Law,, International Studies
Association, Council for European Studies. American Association
for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Association for Asian
Studies, Latin American Studies Association, African Studies_
Association, and Middle East Studies Association. The Board of
Trustees solicits and will welcome the advice of any of these
member organizations with respect to the relationships between
the National Council's Programs and the professional interests of
the discipline or field represented by that- organization.
Advisory Members of this group will also receive an annual report
from the Board of Trustees setting forth a detailed description
of the National Council's current programs and policies and a
list of all projects funded. Any member of the Advisory Group
may invite the Board of Trustees to send its representative to
meet at mutual convenience with the Board of Directors of a
member organization for discussion of the Council and its work.
II. THE FEDERAL DIMENSION:
It is proposed that the federal interest in this joint
federal-academic venture be represented by a Federal Council on
International Research and Manpower (FCIRM) composed of
high-level representatives of: 1) all Executive Branch agencies
with mandates relating in substantial part of international and
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foreign affairs, and 2) the foreign affairs committees-of--.
Congress. This.Council should be established by executive order
and appropriate congressional action and should be chaired and
staffed by the National Security Council. Its purposes would be:
1) To explore from the federal standpoint the sorts of advanced
academic research on foreign and international matters of a
political, economic, social, cultural, or historical nature that
might relate to the basic and longterm interests of the United
States; 2) To explore the present and prospective needs of the
federal government and the nation for an adequate supply of
trained manpower with the linguistic and substantive skills
essential to the effective conduct of our international
relations; 3) To serve as the federal counterpart to the
university-based National Council on International Research and
Manpower, and negotiate with that National Council's Board of
Trustees the terms upon which its, i.e. the National Council's,
programs. of advanced research and training will be supported by
the Federal Government; 4) To provide through its members for
the financing of whatever research and training programs may be
jointly agreed upon by the Federal Council and the National
Council; and 5) To provide a means for initiating periodic
discussions and suggesting joint actions with respect to these
and other areas of shared interest and concern in the
international sphere among the Federal Government, the private
sector, and the universities.
III. MODES OF OPERATION:
The Task Force recommends two principal modes of operation
where the programs and interactions of the Federal Council and
the National Council are concerned: 1) a research and training
mode, and 2) a manpower and consultative mode.-
1. Research and Training Mode: These are envisaged as
substantially overlapping functions, the training component of
which will be related to and supportive of some present or
prospective research objective. In this mode the.National and
Federal Councils will operate in the following manner. .
Once a year the National Council's Board of Trustees will_
meet with the Federal Council or its representatives to: 1)
consult and agree upon international or foreign area research
fields or broad topics of a political, economic, social,
cultural, or historical nature that relate to the basic and
longterm interests of American scholarship and of the United
States; and 2) review the record of the past year's performance
from the standpoint of the interests of both Councils. The
fields and broad topics agreed upon at this annual meeting must
possess the following characteristiecs: 1) be longterm in
nature and not time-bound in the sense of trying to provide
tactical answers to immediate or imminent policy problems; 2) be
as much concerned with why and in what patterns developments
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occur as with descriptions of what happened; and 3) be-policy
relevant in the sense of providing a context of knowledge,
insights, and perspectives of which policy makers whould be aware
when making policy decisions. When agreement has been reached on
these broad fields and topics, the Board of Trustees will
incorporate the results in a national research agenda which will
define the subject matters eligible for funding on a competitive
basis during the ensuing year. The Trustees will operate on the
basis of and within the limits of a budget supplied by the member
agencies of the Federal Council or other federal sources that may
in the future become available. This research agenda. will-- be
widely publicized in academic circles and relevant research
proposals will be solicited from qualified university-based
scholars or groups of scholars. Proposals that are responsive to
the research agenda will then be evaluated on a competitive basis
by reviewers selected for their professional knowledge of the
fields concerned. The recommendations of the reviewers will then
be passed on to the Board of Trustees which will make the final
decision with respect to which projects are to be funded. Awards
will be made solely on the basis of scholarly quality and promise
and their relevance to the research agenda.
The National Council will welcome reasoned suggestions from
scholars as to subjects that in their estimation should be
considered for inclusion on the research agenda.
Awards will be made on a contractual basis between the
National Council and the college or university by which the
awardee(s) is employed or otherwise formally associated. The
National Council will administer separately its federal funds and
any private sector funding that it may in the future receive.
All relevant federal laws and regulations--including the
affirmative action program--governing the expenditure of federal
funds will be observed.-
---
Awardees will be expected to provide the National Council
with five copies of a report setting forth in detail and in-
proper adademic format the results and findings of their
research. This should include a short executive summary
highlighting the policy implications of the report. Great
importance will be attached by the Council to the completion of
the research and delivery of the report by the date initially
agreed upon between-the researcher and the National Council. The
Council will make the research report and/or executive summary
available to interested federal agencies. The Government will
have the right to circulate these documents within governmental
circles, to draw upon them for internal analyses, and to'publish
them for non-commercial use in the form in which they are ,
delivered to the National Council. The awardee will have the
right to apply for and obtain copyright on his or her work funded
by the Council and to publish the results in normal academic
fashion.
2. Manpower and Consultative Mode: A second function of the
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National and Federal Councils is the provision of a systematic
means of consultation about shared interests and problems among
the international sectors of government, business, and the
academic community. In this context no matter is of greater
concern than the manpower problem.. It has many dimensions
ranging from the dangerously low level of understanding in many
quarters of the actual national need for more and better
international skills to the complexities of determining what
sorts and how many particular skills are needed and for what
purposes. In the past such questions have been posed only in the:
most episodic and partial-.terms and solutions left largely to the
marketplace. The country can no longer afford so casual an
approach. We need some more systematic and efficient means of
considering in broad terms at least the types of international
skills that are apt to be required by both the public and private
sectors in years to come and the capacity of the universities to
produce them.
The National and Federal Councils in consultation--hopefully
with the addition of private sector representation--would be a
suitable means of initiating and conducting discussions on such
manpower issues or other matters of mutual interest. The
National Council, operating through its Council of Presidents or
its Board of Trustees, could readily arrange for whatever sorts
or levels of academic representation the particular subject
matter required.
3. Finances: The operation of the National Counci-1 on
International Research and Manpower will be financed in the first
instance by contributions from the executive agencies that are
members of the Federal Council on International Research and
Manpower. It is recognized that their current capacity to make -
such contributions will very substantially from-agency to agency.
The principle of widespread involvement by both civilian and
military agencies is, however, of fundamental importance to the
success of this venture. It is strongly urged, therefore, that,
for the four or five years involved in this initial period, all
agencies with substantial mandates in the field of international
affairs will find.it possible to make contributions and
p rticip a actively in the Federal Council. At the end of this
ug'r year period, if the assessment of the work of the .
National Council -is positive on both the federal and academic-
sides, we hope to approach the Congress for either an annual
appropriation or an endowment.
During the initial period the contributions of the several
agencies would be merged in a single pool and used to support
research projects, consultations on manpower or other issues of
the sort described above and the related administrative and'
operational costs of the program. There could be no assurance
that every international research or consultative interest of
every federal member agency would be serviced within a particular
fiscal year, or served in direct proportion to the relative size
of an agency's financial contribution. There is, however, a rich
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diversity of professional interests and skills on U.S. campuses
that at least match the diversity of longterm policy interests
within the federal government. The annual agenda of broad topics
or fields eligible for support under the program would be
established by mutual agreement of the federal- and academic
ocuncils, and this would provide an effective means of targeting
particular topics, setting boundaries, and synchronizing federal
interests with academic interests and skills. It is highly
unlikeley in..practice'that any major longterm policy interest of--
a federal agency acceptable to. both Councils':would long lack .a-.-;nq
qualified response on campus-.
IV. PROTECTION OF THE SCHOLARLY AND THE FEDERAL INTERESTS IN
THIS PROGRAM:
Two principal interests of this research and training program_
are: 1) to make available to the federal government and the'
private sector the best thinking and findings of the academic
community with respect to foreign area and international issues
that are of basic importance to the longterm interests of the
United States and the international community in general, and 2)
to contribute to the development of more and better American
scholarship in the international field. In so doing it is
important that protection be provided for the legitimate
interests of both parties. This program the following
measures. Inc, Orto"ateS
On the Academic Side:
1) The interests of the academic community will be
represented by a Council of Presidents composed of the chief
officers of seventeen major research universities and a Boardof
Trustees of distinguished scholars representing-eight major world
areas and a similar number of major international issue areas. -
2) The subject matters constituting the research agenda of
fields and topics eligible to receive support will be jointly
determined by the National Council and its counterpart Federal
Council. No subject can be included on this agenda without the---
consent of the academic representatives on the National Council.
The National Council is interested in the promotion of good-
scholarship and good training in the foreign affairs field The
types of research it will authorize are of a basic and longterm
nature and are, in any instance, the sorts of subjects that are
of natural interest- and concern to scholars working in
international fields. Examples would be: longterm national goals
and needs and national capacities to attain these in the foreign
and domestic and public and private spheres; political and
economic leadership and organization; religious, social, and
cultural movements of international consequence; regional and
global international relationships and their domestic
antecedents; factors affecting the stability, legitimacy, and
efficiency of political regimes; issues of national and
international security; civil-military relations; social and
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economic stratification and differentiation; arms control and
limitation; international trade and monetary issues; East-West
and North-South problems and relationships; international-aid and-
technical assistance, etc. It is our fundamental belief that it
will be advantageous to longterm national and international
interests if the Government of the United States, in formulating
its foreign policies, has systematic access to the best possible
academic thinking and research on such issues. It should be
-equally advantageous -to scholars-to-have their views- and- findings .-
consulted in -this manner =
3) The research agenda will be widely publicized and the
resultant competition open to all qualified scholars on a
national basis. Participation is, of course, completely
voluntary.
4) The decisions as to.which projects are to be funded will
be made by professional scholars on professional grounds.
5) The Council will not fund classified research.
6) The products of funded research will be publishable in
normal academic fashion.
7) The identities of all sponsoring agencies on the federal
side will be a matter of public record. -
8) The Advisory Group will provide a means for concerned
professional organizations to query or criticize the program's
policies or programs on a continuing basis.
On the Federal Side:-
1) The interests of the federal community will be
represented by high-level representatives of the agencies
comprising the Federal Council plus Congressional--
representatives .
2) The subject matter of the research agenda will be jointly
determined by consultation between the Federal Council and the
National Council. No subject can be included without the
approval of the Federal Council.
3) The program depends ultimately on federal financing.
4) Specific provision is made for at least one annual
meeting between the National and Federal Councils or their
representatives at which an important part of the agenda will
consist of a review of the previous year's record. This will
provide an opportunity for any corrective measures deemed
necessary.
5) Particular research projects will be funded on the basis
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of contracts :between the National Council and the researcher's
university. It is in the National Council's interest to see that
the terms are strictly observed.
6) In the course of any funded research project an effort
can be made to bring the researcher into association with
interested federal representatives for an exchange of views
relating to the subject concerned.
While we consider these protections to be prudent. and,
desirable for both parties, we do not consider the relationship
to be adversarial.:-. Our basic purpose is to bring' about. a more
cordial and cooperative relationship. - -
V. THE PRIVATE SECTOR:
While the present document has been largely confined to a
description of the relationship between the academic and the
federal communities that the Task Force is recommending, we
should note that it is our hope to expand these relations to
include the private sector as well. The problems involved are
even more complex however, and it has seemed advisable to us to
restrict our present activities to the universities and the
federal government. We hope later to initiate discussions with
the private sector.
12/3/82
STAT
Approved For Release 2008/01/17: CIA-RDP83M00914R002300110019-9