THE ARAB-ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE: IMPACT OF THE EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI PEACE TREATY

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CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7
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RIPPUB
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S
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35
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December 20, 2016
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September 11, 2007
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6
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Publication Date: 
October 16, 1979
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Director of Secret Central Intelligence The Arab-Israeli Military Balance: Impact of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty National Intelligence Estimate (Memorandum to Holders) Secret NIE 35/36-1-78 16 October 1975' Copy Li. ~ 1 9 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 MEMORANDUM TO HOLDERS OF NIE 35/36-1-78: THE ARAB-ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE: IMPACT OF THE EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI PEACE TREATY Information available as of 1 August 1979 was used in the preparation of this memorandum. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 THIS MEMORANDUM IS ISSUED BY THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. THE NATIONAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE BOARD CONCURS. The following intelligence organizations participated in the preparation of the memorandum. The Central Intelligence Agency, the intelligence organizations of the Departments of State and Defense, and the National Security Agency. Also Participating: The Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army The Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of the Navy The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force The Director of Intelligence, Headquarters, Marine Corps Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 CONTENTS Page PRINCIPAL JUDGMENTS .................................................................................... 1 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 3 ANNEX: Text of Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty ................................................ 25 iii SECRET Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 PRINCIPAL JUDGMENTS Since Israel can defeat all Arab forces, including Egypt The Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, establishing the basis for Egypt's eventual withdrawal from the Arab military ranks arrayed against Israel, has significantly reduced the military threat to Israel. Although Egyptian participation in future Arab-Israeli hostilities cannot be ruled out by the existence of the treaty, any effective participation by Egypt will be made more difficult and risky by the ongoing deterioration of its military capabilities and by military factors set in motion by the treaty. then the absence of the largest Arab military power and one battlefront will give Israel an overwhelming military superiority over the remaining Arab states. Israel's widening margin of military superiority may encourage it to more aggressively pursue its policy goals, by striking hard at any perceived Arab provocations and manifesting less concern about the reactions of the Arab states, including Egypt. Israel views the Arabs as unwilling to risk an escalation of any fighting to a wider conflict and does not believe that the peace process will be jeopardized by its military operations in Lebanon. The Arabs on the Golan Heights-Jordan Valley front could become stronger, but, without Egypt, there is little they can do over the next five years to substantially improve their military position relative to Israel. - The Arab states will not be able to absorb enough weapons to compensate for the loss of Egypt's inventories; even Iraq's contribution of all of its forces would be iisufficient. - The Arabs cannot compensate for their significantly diminished numbers through qualitative increases in the operational effectiveness of their armed forces. - The impact of new, advanced weapons received by the Arabs is likely to be offset by low Arab operational capabilities and effective Israeli countermeasures and weapon systems. Arab improvements also will be constrained by several less important factors: - Syria cannot pose a significant offensive threat to Israel as long as a substantial part of its Army remains deployed in Lebanon. SECRET Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 - Iraq has military requirements at home-heightened by events in Iran-to which it must devote significant numbers of units. - Israel now would be able to assign more forces to interdiction of Iraqi forces en route to the Golan Heights-Jordan Valley front. - Despite shared opposition to the peace treaty, mutual suspicions and traditional rivalries will continue to beset Arab attempts at unity. These problems pose major impediments to the development before 1984 of Arab forces capable of effectively challenging Israel on the Golan Heights-Jordan Valley front. At most, improvements in Syrian and Iraqi capabilities, command and control, and tactics might make Israeli military operations against the Arabs more protracted and costly. Israel will find it more difficult over the next five years to maintain the quality of its forces while absorbing large amounts of new equipment. Direct competition by the military with the civilian economy for Israel's limited supply of skilled manpower already has forced the lowering of some military standards. Nonetheless, Israel will continue to acquire, absorb, and effectively employ new, advanced weapon systems and to meet the demands imposed by these systems for greater manpower skills more effectively than will the Arabs. Soviet and non-Arab supply and intervention capabilities in the Middle East have not been affected by the peace treaty. None of those countries likely to support the Arabs against Israel had any military supply or advisory role in Egypt when the peace treaty with Israel was signed. 2 SECRET Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Next 21 Page(s) In Document Denied Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 ANNEX Text of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty (Reproduced from Selected Documents No. 11, April 1979, issued by the Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication) Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Government of the State of Israel; Convinced of the urgent necessity of the establishment of a just, comprehensive and lasting peace in the Middle East in accordance with Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338; Reaffirming their adherence to the "Framework for Peace in the Middle East Agreed at Camp David," dated September 17, 1978; Noting that the aforementioned Framework as appropriate is intended to constitute a basis for peace not only between Egypt and Israel but also between Israel and each of its other Arab neighbors which is prepared to negotiate peace with it on this basis; Desiring to bring to an end the state of war between them and to establish a peace in which every state in the area can live in security; Convinced that the conclusion of a Treaty of Peace between Egypt and Israel is an important step in the search for comprehensive peace in the area and for the attainment of the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict in all its aspects; Inviting the other Arab parties to this dispute to join the peace process with Israel guided by and based on the principles of the aforementioned Framework; Desiring as well to develop friendly relations and cooperation between themselves in accordance with the United Nations Charter and the principles of international law governing international relations in times of peace; Agree to the following provisions in the free exercise of their sovereignty, in order to implement the "Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty Between Egypt and Israel": 1. The state of war between the Parties will be terminated and peace will be established between them upon the exchange of instruments of ratifica- tion of this Treaty. 2. Israel will withdraw all its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai behind the international boundary between Egypt and mandated Palestine, as provided in the annexed protocol (Annex I), and Egypt will resume the exercise of its full sovereignty over the Sinai. The permanent boundary between Egypt and Israel is the recognized international boundary between Egypt and the former mandated territory of Palestine, as shown on the map at Annex 11, without prejudice to the issue of the status of the Gaza Strip. The Parties recognize this boundary as inviolable. Each will respect the territorial integrity of the other, including their territorial waters and airspace. 3. Upon completion of the interim withdrawal provided for in Annex 1, the Parties will establish normal and friendly relations, in accordance with Article 111 (3). 1. The Parties will apply between them the pro- visions of the Charter of the United Nations and the Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 principles of international law governing relations among states in times of peace. In particular: a. They recognize and will respect each other's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence; b. They recognize and will respect each other's right to live in peace within their secure and recognized boundaries; c. They will refrain from the threat or use of force, directly or indirectly, against each other and will settle all disputes between them by peaceful means. 2. Each Party undertakes to ensure that acts or threats of belligerency, hostility, or violence do not originate from and are not committed from within its territory, or by any forces subject to its control or by any other forces stationed on its territory, against the population, citizens or property of the other Party. Each Party also undertakes to refrain from organizing, instigating, inciting, assisting or participating in acts or threats of belligerency, hos- tility, subversion or violence against the other Party, anywhere, and undertakes to ensure that perpetrators of such acts are brought to justice. 3. The Parties agree that the normal relationship established between them will include full recogni- tion, diplomatic, economic and cultural relations, termination of economic boycotts and discrimina- tory barriers to the free movement of people and goods, and will guarantee the mutual enjoyment by citizens of the due process of law. The process by which they undertake to achieve such a relation- ship parallel to the implementation of other provi- sions of this 'Treaty is set out in the annexed protocol (Annex III). approved by the Security Council of the United Nations, with the affirmative vote of the five Per- manent Members, unless the Parties otherwise agree. 3. A Joint Commission will be established to facilitate the implementation of the Treaty, as pro- vided for in Annex 1. 4. The security arrangements provided for in paragraphs I and 2 of this Article may at the request of either party be reviewed and amended by mutual agreement of the Parties. 1. Ships of Israel, and cargoes destined for or coming from Israel, shall enjoy the right of free passage through the Suez Canal and its approaches through the Gulf of Suez and the Mediterranean Sea on the basis of the Constantinople Convention of 1888, applying to all nations. Israeli nationals, vessels and cargoes, as well as persons, vessels and cargoes destined for or coming from Israel, shall be accorded non-discriminatory treatment in all mat- ters connected with usage of the canal. 2. The Parties consider the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba to be international waterways open to all nations for unimpeded and non-suspendable freedom of navigation and over- flight. The Parties will respect each other's right to navigation and overflight for access to either coun- try through the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba. 1. In order to provide maximum security for both Parties on the basis of reciprocity, agreed security arrangements will be established including limited force zones in Egyptian and Israeli territory, and United Nations forces and observers, described in detail as to nature and timing in Annex 1, and other security arrangements the Parties may agree upon. 2. The Parties agree to the stationing of United Nations personnel in areas described in Annex I. The Parties agree not to request withdrawal of the United Nations personnel and that these personnel will not be removed unless such removal is 1. This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations. 2. The Parties undertake to fulfill in good faith their obligations under this Treaty, without regard to action or inaction of any other party and inde- pendently of any instrument external to this Treaty. 3. They further undertake to take all the neces- sary measures for the application in their relations of the provisions of the multilateral conventions to which they are parties, including the submission of appropriate notification to the Secretary General of the United Nations and other depositaries of such conventions. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 4. The Parties undertake not to enter into any obligation in conflict with this Treaty. 5. Subject to Article 103 of the United Nations Charter, in the event of a conflict between the obli- gations of the Parties under the present Treaty and any of their other obligations, the obligations under this Treaty will be binding and implemented. 1. Disputes arising out of the application or interpretation of this Treaty shall be resolved by negotiations. 2. Any such disputes which cannot be settled by negotiations shall be resolved by conciliation or submitted to arbitration. The Parties agree to establish a claims commis- sion for the mutual settlement of all financial claims. 1. This Treaty shall enter into force upon exchange of instruments of ratification. 2. This Treaty supersedes the Agreement between Egypt and Israel of September, 1975. 3. All protocols, annexes, and maps attached to this Treaty shall be regarded as an integral part hereof. 4. The Treaty shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the United Nations for regis- tration in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 [Facsimile of signature page of Treaty as executed] DONE at Washington, D.C. this 26th day of March, 1979, in triplicate in the English, Arabic, and Hebrew languages, each text being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail. 1'1'99 J,iI CY 4 r1 9Y9'-WjL Cl ? v- ? S,) 06jA1y vyv,~a ~--- r~ ! L-+-.-- jiz-z9 -tr-J 19 L-wu J I! k Ll IQ c. Uj L a Cr ? ,.7 .~-?~ s 1,m s Y I,pil I cvSo ya.,a:l I Jj.:,. J>W I 'sJ La a, . ..,J I mal`1W2 , 1979 Y1111 26 D" lWfl IUV' 11K.1 T"1 1T 017 .'P. 7-T , 11VA]'Y1111 fluty] 1'7Tal `w 1171]3 niiv n77na 17nm nDl] 711 n'laynl n'alyn ,n?7A]Kn n1917a a''7nly . "7A3Kn nDl]fl y7137 ,nl3Y119 For the Government of the For the Government Arab Republic of Egypt: of Israel: oe,.,S~ ~e malyl flp'yalslm nyVaa area a~1Ya y~ , t 't t 19 .04 N. Witnessed by: --194 I Jimmy Car er, President of the U ited States of America K'W3 1,1v1Kp 'a"A flp'1aK '7w nylal filYl? Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 PROTOCOL CONCERNING ISRAELI WITHDRAWAL AND SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS Article I Concept of Withdrawal 1. Israel will complete withdrawal of all its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai not later than three years from the date of exchange of instruments of ratification of this Treaty. 2. To ensure the mutual security of the Parties, the implementation of phased withdrawal will be accompanied by the military measures and estab- lishment of zones set out in this Annex and in Map 1, hereinafter referred to as "the Zones." 3. The withdrawal from the Sinai will be accomplished in two phases: a. The interim withdrawal behind the line from east of El Arish to Ras Muhammed as delineated on Map 2 within nine months from the date of exchange of instruments of ratification of this Treaty. b. The final withdrawal from the Sinai behind the international boundary not later than three years from the date of exchange of instruments of ratification of this Treaty. 4. A Joint Commission will be formed imme- diately after the exchange of instruments of ratifica- tion of this Treaty in order to supervise and coordinate movements and schedules during the withdrawal, and to adjust plans and timetables as necessary within the limits established by paragraph 3, above. Details relating to the Joint Commission are set out in Article IV of the attached Appendix. The Joint Commission will be dissolved upon completion of final Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai. Article II Determination of Final Lines and Zones 1. In order to provide maximum security for both Parties after the final withdrawal, the lines and the Zones delineated on Map I are to be established and organized as follows: a. Zone A (I) Zone A is bounded on the east by line A (red line) and on the west by the Suez Canal and the east coast of the Gulf of Suez, as shown on Map I. (2) An Egyptian armed force of one mechanized infantry division and its military installations, and field fortifi- cations, will be in this Zone. (3) The main elements of that Division will consist of: (a) Three mechanized infantry brigades. (b) One armored brigade. (c) Seven field artillery battalions in- cluding up to 126 artillery pieces. (d) Seven anti-aircraft artillery battalions including individual surface-to-air missiles and up to 126 anti-aircraft guns of 37 mm and above. (e) Up to 230 tanks. (f) Up to 480 armored personnel vehicles of all types. Up to a total of twenty-two thousand personnel. b. Zone B (1) Zone B is bounded by line B (green- line) on the east and by line A (red line) on the west, as shown on Map 1. (2) Egyptian border units of four bat- talions equipped with light weapons and wheeled vehicles will provide security and supplement the civil police in maintaining order in Zone B. The main elements of the four Border Bat- talions will consist of up to a total of four thousand personnel. (3) Land based, short range, low power, coastal warning points of the border patrol units may be established on the coast of this Zone. (4) There will be in Zone B field fortifi- cations and military installations for the four border battalions. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 c. Zone C (I) Zone C is bounded by line B (green line) on the west and the International Boundary and the Gulf of Aqaba on the east, as shown on Map I. (2) Only United Nations forces and Egyptian civil police will be stationed in Zone C. (3) The Egyptian civil police armed with light weapons will perform nor- mal police functions within this Zone. (4) The United Nations Force will be deployed within Zone C and perform its functions as defined in Article VI of this Annex. (5) The United Nations Force will be stationed mainly in camps located within the following stationing areas shown on Map I, and will establish its precise locations after consultations with Egypt: (a) In that part of the area in the Sinai lying within about 20 Km. of the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent to the International Boundary. (b) In the Sharm el Sheikh area. d. Zone D (1) Zone D is bounded by line D (blue line) on the east and the international boundary on the west, as shown on Map I. (2) In this Zone there will be an Israeli limited force of four infantry battalions, their military installations, and field fortifications, and United Nations observers. (3) The Israeli forces in Zone D will not include tanks, artillery and anti- aircraft missiles except individual surface-to-air missiles. (4) The main elements of the four Israeli infantry battalions will consist of up to 180 armored personnel vehicles of all types and up to a total of four thousand personnel. 2. Access across the international boundary shall only be permitted through entry check points designated by each Party and under its control. Such access shall be in accordance with laws and regulations of each country. 3. Only those field fortifications, military instal- lations, forces, and weapons specifically permitted by this Annex shall be in the Zones. Article III Aerial Military Regime 1. Flights of combat aircraft and reconnaisance flights of Egypt and Israel shall take place only over Zones A and D, respectively. 2. Only unarmed, non-combat aircraft of Egypt and Israel will be stationed in Zones A and D, respectively. 3. Only Egyptian unarmed transport aircraft will take off and land in Zone B and up to eight such aircraft may maintained in Zone B. The Egyptian border units may be equipped with unarmed heli- copters to perform their functions in Zone B. 4. The Egyptian civil police may be equipped with unarmed police helicopters to perform normal police functions in Zone C. 5. Only civilian airfields may be built in the Zones. 6. Without prejudice to the provisions of this Treaty, only those military aerial activities spe- cifically permitted by this Annex shall be allowed in the Zones and the airspace above their territorial waters. Article IV Naval Regime 1. Egypt and Israel may base and operate naval vessels along the coasts of Zones A and D, respec- tively. 2. Egyptian coast guard boats, lightly armed, may be stationed and operate in the territorial waters of Zone B to assist the border units in per- forming their functions in this Zone. 3. Egyptian civil police equipped with light boats, lightly armed, shall perform normal police functions within the territorial waters of Zone C. 4. Nothing in this Annex shall be considered as derogating from the right of innocent passage of the naval vessels of either party. 5. Only civilian maritime ports and installations may be built in the Zones. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 6. Without prejudice to the provisions of this Treaty, only those naval activities specifically per- mitted by this Annex shall be allowed in the Zones and in their territorial waters. Article V Early Warning Systems Egypt and Israel may establish and operate early warning systems only in Zones A and D respectively. Article VI United Nations Operations 1. The Parties will request the United Nations to provide forces and observers to supervise the imple- mentation of this Annex and employ their best efforts to prevent any violation of its terms. 2. With respect to these United Nations forces and observers, as appropriate, the Parties agree to request the following arrangements: a. Operation of check points, reconnais- sance patrols, and observation posts along the international boundary and line B, and within Zone C. b. Periodic verification of the implemen- tation of the provisions of this Annex will be carried out not less than twice a month unless otherwise agreed by the Parties. c. Additional verifications within 48 hours after the receipt of a request from either Party. d. Ensuring the freedom of navigation through the Strait of Tiran in accordance with Article V of the Treaty of Peace. 3. The arrangements described in this article for each zone will be implemented in Zones A, B, and C by the United Nations Force and in Zone D by the United Nations Observers. 4. United Nations verification teams shall be accompanied by liaison officers of the respective Party. 5. The United Nations Force and observers will report their findings to both Parties. 6. The United Nations Force and Observers operating in the Zones will enjoy freedom of move- ment and other facilities necessary for the perfor- mance of their tasks. 7. The United Nations Force and Observers are not empowered to authorize the crossing of the international boundary. 8. The Parties shall agree on the nations from which the United Nations Force and Observers will be drawn. They will be drawn from nations other than those which are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. 9. The Parties agree that the United Nations should make those command arrangements that will best assure the effective implementation of its responsibilities. Article VII Liaison System 1. Upon dissolution of the Joint Commission, a liaison system between the Parties will be estab- lished. This liaison system is intended to provide an effective method to assess progress in the imple- mentation of obligations under the present Annex and to resolve any problem that may arise in the course of implementation, and refer other unresolved matters to the higher military authori- ties of the two countries respectively for considera- tion. It is also intended to prevent situations resulting from errors or misinterpretation on the part of either Party. 2. An Egyptian liaison office will be established in the city of El-Arish and an Israeli liaison office will be established in the city of Beer-Sheba. Each office will be headed by an officer of the respective country, and assisted by a number of officers. 3. A direct telephone link between the two offi- ces will be set up and also direct telephone lines with the United Nations command will be maintained by both offices. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Article VIII Respect for War Memorials Article IX Interim Arrangements Each Party undertakes to preserve in good condi- tion the War Memorials erected in the memory of soldiers of the other Party, namely those erected by Israel in the Sinai and those to be erected by Egypt in Israel,and shallpermit access tosuch monuments. The withdrawal of Israeli armed forces and civili- ans behind the interim withdrawal line, and the conduct of the forces of the Parties and the United Nations prior to the final withdrawal, will be gov- erned by the attached Appendix and Maps 2 and 3. APPENDIX TO ANNEX I ORGANIZATION OF MOVEMENTS IN THE SINAI Article I Principles of Withdrawal 1. The withdrawal of Israeli armed forces and civilians from the Sinai will be accomplished in two phases as described in Article I of Annex I. The description and timing of the withdrawal are included in this Appendix. The Joint Commission will develop and present to the Chief Coordinator of the United Nations forces in the Middle East the details of these phases not later than one month before the initiation of each phase of withdrawal. 2. Both Parties agree on the following princi- ples for the sequence of military movements. a. Notwithstanding the provisions of Arti- cle IX, paragraph 2, of this Treaty, until Israeli armed forces complete withdrawal from the current J and M Lines established by the Egyptian-Israeli Agreement of Sep- tember 1975, hereinafter referred to as the 1975 Agreement, up to the interim with- drawal line, all military arrangements existing under that Agreement will remain in effect, except those military arrange- ments otherwise provided for in this Ap- pendix. b. As Israeli armed forces withdraw, United Nations forces will immediately enter the evacuated areas to establish interim and temporary buffer zones as shown on Maps 2 and 3, respectively, for the purpose of maintaining a separation of forces. United Nations forces' deployment will precede the movement of any other personnel into these areas. c. Within a period of seven days after Is- raeli armed forces have evacuated any area located in Zone A, units of Egyptian armed forces shall deploy in accordance with the provisions of Article II of this Appendix. d. Within a period of seven days after Is- raeli armed forces have evacuated any area located in Zones A or B, Egyptian border units shall deploy in accordance with the provisions of Article II of this Appendix, and will function in accordance with the provisions of Article II of Annex I. e. Egyptian civil police will enter evacuated areas immediately after the United Nations forces to perform normal police functions. f. Egyptian naval units shall deploy in the Gulf of Suez in accordance with the provi- sions of Article 11 of this Appendix. g. Except those movements mentioned above, deployments of Egyptian armed forces and the activities covered in Annex I will be effected in the evacuated areas when Israeli armed forces have completed their withdrawal behind the interim with- drawal line. Article II Subphases of the Withdrawal to the Interim Withdrawal Line 1. The withdrawal to the interim withdrawal line will be accomplished in subphases as de- scribed in this Article and as shown on Map 3. Each subphase will be completed within the indi- cated number of months from the date of the ex- Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 change of instruments of ratification of this Treaty. a. First subphase: within two months, Is- raeli armed forces will withdraw from the area of El Arish, including the town of El Arish and its airfield, shown as Area I on Map 3. b. Second subphase: within three months, Israeli armed forces will withdraw from the area between line M of the 1975 Agreement and line A, shown as Area II on Map 3. c. Third subphase: within five months, Is- raeli armed forces will withdraw from the areas east and south of Area II, shown as Area III on Map 3. d. Fourth subphase: within seven months, Israeli armed forces will withdraw from the area of El Tor-Ras El Kenisa, shown as Area IV on Map 3. e. Fifth subphase: Within nine months, Is- raeli armed forces will withdraw from the remaining areas west of the interim with- drawal line, including the areas of Santa Katrina and the areas east of the Giddi and Mitla passes, shown as Area V on Map 3, thereby completing Israeli withrawal be- hind the interim withdrawal line. 2. Egyptian forces will deploy in the areas evacuated by Israeli armed forces as follows: a. Up to one-third of the Egyptian armed forces in the Sinai in accordance with the 1975 Agreement will deploy in the portions of Zone A lying within Area I, until the completion of interim withdrawal. There- after, Egyptian armed forces as described in Article II of Annex I will be deployed in Zone A up to the limits of the interim buf- fer zone. b. The Egyptian naval activity in accord- ance with Article IV of Annex I will com- mence along the coasts of Areas II, III, and IV, upon completion of the second, third, and fourth subphases, respectively. c. Of the Egyptian border units described in Article II of Annex I, upon completion of the first subphase one battalion will be de- ployed in Area I. A second battalion will be deployed in Area II upon completion of the second subphase. A third battalion will be deployed in Area III upon completion of the third subphase. The second and third battalions mentioned above may also be de- ployed in any of the subsequently evacuated areas of the southern Sinai. 3. United Nations forces in Buffer Zone I of the 1975 Agreement will redeploy to enable the de- ployment of Egyptian forces described above upon the completion of the first subphase, but will otherwise continue to function in accordance with the provisions of that Agreement in the remainder of that zone until the completion of interim with- drawal, as indicated in Article I of this Appendix. 4. Israeli convoys may use the roads south and east of the main road junction east of El Arish to evacuate Israeli forces and equipment up to the completion of interim withdrawal. These convoys will proceed in daylight upon four hours notice to the Egyptian liaison group and United Nations forces, will be escorted by United Nations forces, and will be in accordance with schedules coordi- nated by the Joint Commission. An Egyptian liaison officer will accompany convoys to assure uninterrupted movement. The Joint Commission may approve other arrangements for convoys. Article III United Nations Forces 1. The Parties shall request that United Nations forces be deployed as necessary to perform the functions described in this Appendix up to the time of completion of final Israeli withdrawal. For that purpose, the Parties agree to the redeployment of the United Nations Emergency Force. 2. United Nations forces will supervise the im- plementation of this Appendix and will employ their best efforts to prevent any violation of its terms. 3. When United Nations forces deploy in ac- cordance with the provisions of Articles I and II of this Appendix, they will perform the functions of verification in limited force zones in accordance with Article VI of Annex I, and will establish check points, reconnaissance patrols, and obser- vation posts in the temporary buffer zones de- scribed in Article II above. Other functions of the United Nations forces which concern the interim buffer zone are described in Article V of this Ap- pendix. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Article IV Joint Commission and Liaison 1. The Joint Commission referred to in Article IV of this Treaty will function from the date of exchange of instruments of ratification of this Treaty up to the date of completion of final Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai. 2. The Joint Commission will be composed of representatives of each Party headed by senior of- ficers. This Commission shall invite a representa- tive of the United Nations when discussing sub- jects concerning the United Nations, or when either Party requests United Nations presence. De- cisions of the Joint Commission will be reached by agreement of Egypt and Israel. 3. The Joint Commission will supervise the im- plementation of the arrangements described in Annex I and this Appendix. To this end, and by agreement of both Parties, it will: a. coordinate military movements de- scribed in this Appendix and supervise their implementation; b. address and seek to resolve any problem arising out of the implementation of Annex I and this Appendix, and discuss any viola- tions reported by the United Nations Force and Observers and refer to the Governments of Egypt and Israel any unresolved prob- lems; c. assist the United Nations Force and Ob- servers in the execution of their mandates, and deal with the timetables of the periodic verifications when referred to it by the Par- ties as provided for in Annex I and in this Appendix; d. organize the demarcation of the interna- tional boundary and all lines and zones de- scribed in Annex I and this Appendix; e. supervise the handing over of the main installations in the Sinai from Israel to Egypt; f. agree on necessary arrangements for finding and returning missing bodies of Egyptian and Israeli soldiers; g. organize the setting up and operation of entry check points along the El Arish-Ras Muhammed line in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of Annex III; h. conduct its operations through the use of joint liaison teams consisting of one Israeli representative and one Egyptian represen- tative, provided from a standing Liaison Group, which will conduct activities as di- rected by the Joint Commission; i. provide liaison and coordination to the United Nations command implementing provisions of the Treaty, and, through the joint liaison teams, maintain local coordi- nation and cooperation with the United Na- tions Force stationed in specific areas or United Nations Observers monitoring spe- cific areas for any assistance as needed; j. discuss any other matters which the Par- ties by agreement may place before it. 4. Meetings of the Joint Commission shall be held at least once a month. In the event that either Party or the Command of the United Nations Force requests a special meeting, it will be convened within 24 hours. 5. The Joint Commission will meet in the buffer zone until the completion of the interim with- drawal and in El Arish and Beer-Sheba alternately afterwards. The first meeting will be held not later than two weeks after the entry into force of this Treaty. Article V Definition of the Interim Buffer Zone and Its Activities 1. An interim buffer zone, by which the United Nations Force will effect a separation of Egyptian and Israeli elements, will be established west of and adjacent to the interim withdrawal line as shown on Map 2 after implementation of Israeli withdrawal and deployment behind the interim withdrawal line. Egyptian civil police equipped with light weapons will perform normal police functions within this zone. 2. The United Nations Force will operate check points, reconnaissance patrols, and observation posts within the interim buffer zone in order to en- sure compliance with the terms of this Article. 3. In accordance with arrangements agreed upon by both Parties and to be coordinated by the Joint Commission, Israeli personnel will operate Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 military technical installations at four specific lo- cations shown on Map 2 and designated as Ti (map central coordinate 57163940), T2 (map cen- tral coordinate 59351541), T3 (map central coor- dinate 59331527), and T4 (map central coordinate 61130979) under the following principles: a. The technical installations shall be manned by technical and administrative personnel equipped with small arms re- quired for their protection (revolvers, rifles, sub-machine guns, light machine guns, hand grenades, and ammunition), as follows: TI-up to 150 personnel T2 and T3-up to 350 personnel T4-up to 200 personnel. b. Israeli personnel will not carry weapons outside the sites, except officers who may carry personal weapons. c. Only a third party agreed to by Egypt and Israel will enter and conduct inspec- tions within the perimeters of technical in- stallations in the buffer zone. The third party will conduct inspections in a random manner at least once a month. The inspec- tions will verify the nature of the operation of the installations and the weapons and personnel therein. The third party will im- mediately report to the Parties any di- vergence from an installation's visual and electronic surveillance or communications role. d. Supply of the installations, visits for technical and administrative purposes, and replacement of personnel and equipment situated in the sites, may occur uninterrup- tedly from the United Nations check points to the perimeter of the technical installa- tions, after checking and being escorted by only the United Nations forces. e. Israel will be permitted to introduce into its technical installations items required for the proper functioning of the installations and personnel. f. As determined by the Joint Commission, Israel will be permitted to: (1) Maintain in its installations fire- fighting and general maintenance equipment as well as wheeled adminis- trative vehicles and mobile engineering equipment necessary for the mainte- nance of the sites. All vehicles shall be unarmed. (2) Within the sites and in the buffer zone, maintain roads, water lines, and communications cables which serve the sites. At each of the three installation lo- cations (Ti, T2 and T3, and T4), this maintenance may be performed with up to two unarmed wheeled vehicles and by up to twelve unarmed personnel with only necessary equipment, including heavy engineering equipment if needed. This maintenance may be performed three times a week, except for special problems, and only after giving the United Nations four hours notice. The teams will be escorted by the United Nations. g. Movement to and from the technical in- stallations will take place only during day- light hours. Access to, and exit from, the technical installations shall be as follows: (1) Ti: through a United Nations check point, and via the road between Abu Aweigila and the intersection of the Abu Aweigila road and the Gebel Libni road (at Km. 161), as shown on Map 2. (2) T2 and T3: through a United Na- tions checkpoint and via the road con- structed across the buffer zone to Gebel Katrina, as shown on Map 2. (3) T2, T3, and T4: via helicopters flying within a corridor at the times, and according to a flight profile, agreed to by the Joint Commission. The helicop- ters will be checked by the United Na- tions Force at landing sites outside the perimeter of the installations. h. Israel will inform the United Nations Force at least one hour in advance of each intended movement to and from the instal- lations. i. Israel shall be entitled to evacuate sick and wounded and summon medical experts and medical teams at any time after giving immediate notice to the United Nations Force. 4. The details of the above principles and all other matters in this Article requiring coordination by the Parties will be handled by the Joint Com- mission. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 5. These technical installations will be with- drawn when Israeli forces withdraw from the interim withdrawal line, or at a time agreed by the Parties. Article VI Disposition of Installations and Military Barriers Disposition of installations and military bar- riers will be determined by the Parties in accord- ance with the following guidelines: 1. Up to three weeks before Israeli withdrawal from any area, the Joint Commission will arrange for Israeli and Egyptian liaison and technical teams to conduct a joint inspection of all appro- priate installations to agree upon condition of structures and articles which will be transferred to Egyptian control and to arrange for such transfer. Israel will declare, at that time, its plans for dispo- sition of installations and articles within the in- stallations. 2. Israel undertakes to transfer to Egypt all agreed infrastructure, utilities, and installations intact, inter alia, airfields, roads, pumping sta- tions, and ports. Israel will present to Egypt the information necessary for the maintenance and op- eration of these facilities. Egyptian technical teams will be permitted to observe and familiarize themselves with the operation of these facilities for a period of up to two weeks prior to transfer. 3. When Israel relinquishes Israeli military water points near El Arish and El Tor, Egyptian techni- cal teams will assume control of those installations and ancillary equipment in accordance with an or- derly transfer process arranged beforehand by the Joint Commission. Egypt undertakes to continue to make available at all water supply points the nor- mal quantity of currently available water up to the time Israel withdraws behind the international boundary, unless otherwise agreed in the Joint Commission. 4. Israel will make its best effort to remove or de- stroy all military barriers, including obstacles and minefields, in the areas and adjacent waters from which it withdraws, according to the following concept: a. Military barriers will be cleared first from areas near populations, roads, and major installations and utilities. b. For those obstacles and minefields which cannot be removed or destroyed prior to Israeli withdrawal, Israel will pro- vide detailed maps to Egypt and the United Nations through the Joint Commission not later than 15 days before entry of United Nations forces into the affected areas. c. Egyptian military engineers will enter those areas after United Nations forces enter to conduct barrier clearance opera- tions in accordance with Egyptian plans to be submitted prior to implementation. Article VII Surveillance Activities 1. Aerial surveillance activities during the withdrawal will be carried out as follows: a. Both Parties request the United States to continue airborne surveillance flights in ac- cordance with previous agreements until the completion of final Israeli withdrawal. b. Flight profiles will cover the Limited Forces Zones to monitor the limitations on forces and armaments, and to determine that Israeli armed forces have withdrawn from the areas described in Article II of Annex I, Article II of this Appendix, and Maps 2 and 3, and that these forces there- after remain behind their 'lines. Special in- spection flights may be flown at the request of either Party or of the United Nations. c. Only the main elements in the military organizations of each Party, as described in Annex I and in this Appendix, will be re- ported. 2. Both Parties request the United States oper- ated Sinai Field Mission to continue its operations in accordance with previous agreements until completion of the Israeli withdrawal from the area east of the Giddi and Mitla Passes. Thereafter, the Mission will be terminated. Article VIII Exercise of Egyptian Sovereignty Egypt will resume the exercise of its full sovereignty over evacuated parts of the Sinai upon Israeli withdrawal as provided for in Article I of this Treaty. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Sinai Peninsula Zone "A"---' Zone "B" MAP 1 Great Bnte, Lake Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Sinai Peninsula MAP 2 Great \ I te, Lake% El Arish- Ras Mohammad Line Saint Catherine's\ Monasteryo "T2" "T3 ~# tad fti 300 Q Saudi 3 Arabia Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Sinai Peninsula Interim Buffer Zone Line V 9 Months II 3 Months III 45 Months IV 7 Months ? ? ? ? ? Israeli Sub-Phase Line -- Egyptian Sub-Phase Line U.N. Sub-Phase Buffer Zone Representation of original map included in treaty. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 ANNEX 91 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 PROTOCOL CONCERNING RELATIONS OF THE PARTIES Article I Diplomatic and Consular Relations The Parties agree to establish diplomatic and consular relations and to exchange ambassadors upon completion of the interim withdrawal. free movement of persons and vehicles from its territory to the territory of the other. 2. Mutual unimpeded access to places of reli- gious and historical significance will be provided on a nondiscriminatory basis. Article 2 Economic and Trade Relations 1. The Parties agree to remove all discriminatory barriers to normal economic relations and to termi- nate economic boycotts of each other upon comple- tion of the interim withdrawal. 2. As soon as possible, and not later than six months after the completion of the interim withdra- wal, the Parties will enter negotiations with a view to concluding an agreement on trade and commerce for the purpose of promoting beneficial economic relations. Article 5 Cooperation for Development and Good Neighborly Relations 1. The Parties recognize a mutuality of interest in good neighborly relations and agree to consider means to promote such relations. 2. The Parties will cooperate in promoting peace, stability and development in their region. Each agrees to consider proposals the other may wish to make to this end. 3. The Parties shall seek to foster mutual under- standing and tolerance and will, accordingly, abstain from hostile propaganda against each other. Article 3 Cultural Relations 1. The Parties agree to establish normal cultural relations following completion of the interim with- drawal. 2. They agree on the desirability of cultural exchanges in all fields, and shall, as soon as possible and not later than six months after completion of the interim withdrawal, enter into negotiations with a view to concluding a cultural agreement for this purpose. Article 4 Freedom of Movement 1. Upon completion of the interim withdrawal, each Party will permit the free movement of the nationals and vehicles of the other into and within its territory according to the general rules applica- ble to nationals and vehicles of other states. Neither Party will impose discriminatory restrictions on the Article 6 Transportation and Telecommunications I. The Parties recognize as applicable to each other the rights, privileges and obligations provided for by the aviation agreements to which they are both party, particularly by the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944 ("The Chicago Convention") and the International Air Services Transit Agreement, 1944. 2. Upon completion of the interim withdrawal any declaration of national emergency by a party under Article 89 of the Chicago Convention will not be applied to the other party on a discriminatory basis. 3. Egypt agrees that the use of airfields left by Israel near El Arish, Rafah, Ras El Nagb and Sharm El Sheikh shall be for civilian purposes only, including possible commercial use by all nations. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 4. As soon as possible and not later than six Such access shall be granted on the same conditions months after the completion of the interim withdra- generally applicable to vessels and cargoes of other wal, the Parties shall enter into negotiations for the nations. Article 5 of the Treaty of Peace will be purpose of concluding a civil aviation agreement. implemented upon the exchange of instruments of 5. The Parties will reopen and maintain roads ratification of the aforementioned Treaty. and railways between their countries and will con- sider further road and rail links. The Parties further agree that a highway will be constructed and main- Article 7 tained between Egypt, Israel and Jordan near Eilat Enjoyment of Human Rights with guaranteed free and peaceful passage of per- sons, vehicles and goods between Egypt and Jor- The Parties affirm their commitment to respect dan, without prejudice to their sovereignty over and observe human rights and fundamental free- that part of the highway which falls within their doms for all, and they will promote these rights and respective territory. freedoms in accordance with the United Nations 6. Upon completion of the interim withdrawal, Charter. normal postal, telephone, telex, data facsimile, wireless and cable communications and television relay services by cable, radio and satellite shall be Article 8 established between the two Parties in accordance Territorial Seas with all relevant international conventions and reg- ulations. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 5 7. Upon completion of the interim withdrawal, of the Treaty of Peace each Party recognizes the each Party shall grant normal access to its ports for right of the vessels of the other Party to innocent vessels and cargoes of the other, as well as vessels passage through its territorial sea in accordance and cargoes destined for or coming from the other. with the rules of international law. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 AGREED MINUTES TO ARTICLES I, IV, V AND VI AND ANNEXES I AND III F TREATY OF PEACE TICLE VI(5) Egypt's resumption of the exercise of full sovereignty over the Sinai provided for in para- graph 2 of Article I shall occur with regard to each area upon Israel's withdrawal from that area. It is agreed between the parties that the review provided for in Article IV(4) will be undertaken when requested by either party, commencing within three months of such a request, but that any amendment can be made only with the mutual agreement of both parties. It is agreed by the Parties that there is no asser- tion that this Treaty prevails over other Treaties or agreements or that other Treaties or agreements prevail over this Treaty. The foregoing is not to be construed as contravening the provisions of Article VI(5) of the Treaty, which reads as follows: "Subject to Article 103 of the United Na- tions Charter, in the event of a conflict be- tween the obligations of the Parties under the present Treaty and any of their other obliga- tions, the obligations under this Treaty will be binding and implemented." The second sentence of paragraph 2 of Article V shall not be construed as limiting the first sentence of that paragraph. The foregoing is not to be con- strued as contravening the second sentence of paragraph 2 of Article V, which reads as follows: "The parties will respect each other's right to navigation and overflight for access to either country through the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba." ARTICLE VI(2) The provisions of Article VI shall not be con- strued in contradiction to the provisions of the framework for peace in the Middle East agreed at Camp David. The foregoing is not to be construed as contravening the provisions of Article VI(2) of the Treaty, which reads as follows: "The Parties undertake to fulfill in good faith their obligations under this Treaty, without regard to action or inaction of any other party and independently of any instru- ment external to this Treaty." Article VI, Paragraph 8, of Annex I provides as follows: "The Parties shall agree on the nations from which the United Nations force and obser- vers will be drawn. They will be drawn from nations other than those which are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. " The Parties have agreed as follows: "With respect to the provisions of paragraph 8, Article VI, of Annex I, if no agreement is reached between the Parties, they will accept or support a U.S. proposal concerning the composition of the United Nations force and observers." The Treaty of Peace and Annex III thereto pro- vide for establishing normal economic relations between the Parties. In accordance therewith, it is agreed that such relations will include normal commercial sales of oil by Egypt to Israel, and that Israel shall be fully entitled to make bids for Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Egyptian-origin oil not needed for Egyptian domestic oil consumption, and Egypt and its oil concessionaires will entertain bids made by Israel, on the same basis and terms as apply to other bid- ders for such oil. For the Government For the Government of the of Israel: Arab Republic of Egypt: Jimmy Carter, President M. BEGIN A. SADAT of the United States of America Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 JOINT LETTER TO PRESIDENT CARTER FROM PRESIDENT SADAT AND PRIME MINISTER BEGIN This letter confirms that Egypt and Israel have agreed as follows: The Governments of Egypt and Israel recall that they concluded at Camp David and signed at the White House on September 17, 1978, the annexed documents entitled "A Framework for Peace in the Middle East Agreed at Camp David" and "Framework for the conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel." For the purpose of achieving a comprehensive peace settlement in accordance with the above- mentioned Frameworks, Egypt and Israel will pro- ceed with the implementation of those provisions relating to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. They have agreed to start negotiations within a month after the exchange of the instruments of ratification of the Peace Treaty. In accordance with the "Framework for Peace in the Middle East," the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is in- vited to join the negotiations. The Delegations of Egypt and Jordan may include Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza Strip or other Palestinians as mutually agreed. The purpose of the negotiation shall be to agree, prior to the elections, on the modalities for establishing the elected self- governing authority (administrative council), de- fine its powers and responsibilities, and agree upon other related issues. In the event Jordan de- cides not to take part in the negotiations, the negotiations will be held by Egypt and Israel. The two Governments agree to negotiate con- tinuously and in good faith to conclude these negotiations at the earliest possible date. They also agree that the objective of the negotiations is the establishment of the self-governing authority in the West Bank and Gaza in order to provide full autonomy to the inhabitants. Egypt and Israel set for themselves the goal of completing the negotiations within one year so that elections will be held as expeditiously as possible after agreement has been reached between the par- ties. The self-governing authority referred to in the "Framework for Peace in the Middle East" will be established and inaugurated within one month after it has been elected, at which time the transi- tional period of five years will begin. The Israeli military government and its civilian administration will be withdrawn, to be replaced by the self- governing authority, as specified in the "Framework for Peace in the Middle East." A withdrawal of Israeli armed forces will then take place and there will be a redeployment of the re- maining Israeli forces into specified security loca- tions. This letter also confirms our understanding that the United States Government will participate fully in all stages of negotiations. For the Government For the Government of the of Israel: Arab Republic of Egypt: Menachem Begin Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat The President, The White House Explanatory Note President Carter, upon receipt of the Joint Letter to him from President Sadat and Prime Minis- ter Begin, has added to the American and Israeli copies the notation: "I have been informed that the expression `West Bank' is understood by the Government of Israel to mean `Judea and Samaria'." This notation is in accordance with similar procedures established at Camp David. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 LETTERS REGARDING EXCHANGE OF AMBASSADORS In response to your request, I can confirm that, within one month after the completion of Israel's withdrawal to the interim line as provided for in the Treaty of Peace between Egypt and Israel, Egypt will send a resident ambassador to Israel and will receive a resident Israeli ambassador in Egypt. Sincerely, A. SADAT Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat The President, The White House I have received a letter from President Sadat that, within one month after Israel completes its withdrawal to the interim line in Sinai, as provided for in the Treaty of Peace between Egypt and Is- rael, Egypt will send a resident ambassador to Is- rael and will receive in Egypt a resident Israeli ambassador. I would be grateful if you will confirm that this procedure will be agreeable to the Government of Israel. Jimmy Carter His Excellency Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of the State of Israel March 26, 1979 Dear Mr. President: I am pleased to be able to confirm that the Gov- ernment of Israel is agreeable to the procedure set out in your letter of March 26, 1979 in which you state: "I have recieved a letter from President Sadat that, within one month after Israel completes its withdrawal to the interim line in Sinai, as pro- vided for in the Treaty of Peace between Egypt and Israel, Egypt will send a resident ambas- sador to Israel and will receive in Egypt a resi- dent Israeli ambassador." Sincerely, M. BEGIN Manachem Begin The President, The White House Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83R00184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11 LETTERS FROM PRESIDENT CARTER TO PRESIDENT SADAT AND PRIME MINISTER BEGIN I wish to confirm to you that subject to United States Constitutional processes: In the event of an actual or threatened violation of the Treaty of Peace between Egypt and Israel, the United States will, on request of one or both of the Parties, consult with the Parties with respect thereto and will take such other action as it may deem appropriate and helpful to achieve com- pliance with the Treaty. The United States will conduct aerial monitoring as requested by the Parties pursuant to Annex I of the Treaty. The United States believes the Treaty provision for permanent stationing of United Nations per- sonnel in the designated limited force zone can and should be implemented by the United Nations Se- curity Council. The United States will exert its utmost efforts to obtain the requisite action by the Security Council. If the Security Council fails to establish and maintain the arrangements called for in the Treaty, the President will be prepared to take those steps necessary to ensure the establish- ment and maintenance of an acceptable alternative multinational force. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER Jimmy Carter His Excellency His Excellency Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat, Menachem Begin, President of the Arab Prime Minister of the Republic of Egypt State of Israel Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER Jimmy Carter Approved For Release 2007/09/11 I wish to confirm to you that subject to United States Constitutional processes: In the event of an actual or threatened violation of the Treaty of Peace between Israel and Egypt, the United States will, on request of one or both of the Parties, consult with the Parties with respect thereto and will take such other action as it may deem appropriate and helpful to achieve com- pliance with the Treaty. The United States will conduct aerial monitoring as requested by the Parties pursuant to Annex I of the Treaty. The United States believes the Treaty provision for permanent stationing of United Nations per- sonnel in the designated limited force zone can and should be implemented by the United Nations Se- curity Council. The United States will exert its utmost efforts to obtain the requisite action by the Security Council. If the Security Council fails to establish and maintain the arrangements called for in the Treaty, the President will be prepared to take those steps necessary to ensure the establish- ment and maintenance of an acceptable alternative multinational force. Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Seerret Secret Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7 Approved For Release 2007/09/11: CIA-RDP83RO0184R002600290006-7