SCIENCE AND WEAPONS DAILY REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 21, 2010
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: June 7, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
Directorate of Secret
Intelligence
1 Science and Weapons
Daily Review
Thursday
7 June 1984
Secret
SWSWDR 84-110
7 June 1984
copy 2 51
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
7 JUNE 1984
1 USSR: DESIGNERS OF THE ASTRON SPACECRAFT
IDENTIFIED
Recently
identified several organizations an
individuals associated with the Astron
spacecraft, launched last year, which carried
the world's largest ultraviolet space
telescope and a high-precision pointing and
tracking system; the new information leads us
to believe that the Utkin organization was
responsible for systems integration of Astron.
3 USSR: ES-1036 MAINFRAME IDENTIFIED AS RYAD-3
COMPUTER F__1
A recent Soviet export brochure states that
the ES-1036 represents the first stage of
developing Ryad-3 computers; the brochure is
our first confirmed association of a specific
computer model with the long-awaited next
generation of Soviet mainframes--Ryad-3.
7 JUNE 1984
i SW SWDR 84-110
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5 CHINA: LASER FUSION PROGRAM STAGNATING
A recent visitor to the Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics toured the Chinese
six-beam laser fusion system and confirmed
that the Chinese have had problems using all
six beams simultaneously; because of the
problems, China's laser fusion program is
unlikely to contribute significantly to the
domestic energy or nuclear weapons programs in
7 JUNE 1984
ii SW SWDR 84-110
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
OSWR
Science and Weapons
Daily Review
USSR: DESIGNERS OF THE ASTRON SPACECRAFT IDENTIFIED
Recently uncovered the identity
of several organizations and at ieast two in ividuals
associated with the Astron spacecraft. Astron, which was
launched early last year, carried the world's largest
ultraviolet space telescope, SPIKA, and a high-precision
pointing and tracking system. Its mission was to conduct
astrophysical research on the sources of cosmic radiation.
Astron is similar to Venera-15 and Venera-16--Venus
spacecraft that were launched in June 1983. The Soviet
press describ~"he latter as a "new generation" of Venus
spacecraft.
The individuals newly associated with the design and
development of Astron by Soviet press sources are
V. G. Kurt, Chief of the Ultraviolet and X-ray Astronomy
Laboratory at the Institute of Space Research in Moscow, and
A. A. Boyarchuk, Deputy Director of the Crimean Astrophysics
Observatory and reportedly director of the SPIKA project.
Unidentified Armenian organizations reportedly designed a
system for precision orientation of Astron and worked with
the French Laboratoire D'Astronomie Spatiale in Marseilles
on a "sky recognition camera." The Soviet press
additionally noted that Astron incorporates "the talent and
work of the Ukraine."
Comment:
We believe that the Utkin organization, which is colocated
with the Southern Machine Building Plant 186 in
Dnepropetrovsk, was responsible for systems integration of
Astron. Our belief is based on the similarities between
7 JUNE 1984
1 SW SWDR 84-110
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
Astron and Venera-15 and Venera-16 which firmly
associated with Utkin
Furthermore, the attribution of R&D work on Astron to the
Ukraine possibly is a reference to Utkin, which is the only
integrating contractor for space systems located in that
region of the USSR.
7 JUNE 1984
2 SW SWDR 84-110
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
USSR: ES-1036 MAINFRAME IDENTIFIED AS RYAD-3 COMPUTER ~
A recent Soviet export brochure states that the ES-1036
mainframe "represents the first stage of developing Ryad-3
computers."
Comment:
The brochure confirmed association of a
specific Soviet computer model with the long-awaited next
generation of Soviet mainframes--Ryad-3. The brochure also
substantiates our earlier belief, which was based on a 1981
Soviet publication, that the ES-1036 would be a member of
the Ryad-3 family.
According to the recent brochure, the ES-1036 can execute up
to 400,000 operations per second, has a main memory of 2 to
4 megabytes, and a buffer (cache) memory of unspecified
size. The ES-1036 is expected to represent the low-
performance end of the family of Soviet Ryad-3 mainframes.
The Ryad-1 and Ryad-2 series of Soviet computers were
modeled after the IBM System/360 and System/370
architecture, respectively. The logical progression would
be for low-performance Ryad-3 computers to follow the
IBM-4300 family of computers introduced in the United States
in 1979; however, there currently is insufficient
information on the ES-1036 to confirm that this is the case.
(VM is a multiple-access operating system
that creates the illusion that each user can have a unique
computer configuration. VM multiprogramming systems can
create virtual processors, storage, and input/output
devices, possibly with much larger capacities than those on
the actual underlying machine.) The VM/370 operating system
was introduced by IBM in 1972 for its System/370 line.
7 JUNE 1984
3 SW SWDR 84-110
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
The ES-1036 brochure lists the size of the assembly-language
instruction set as 220. This number is larger in size than
standard IBM instruction sets, and may indicate that the
ES-1036 is a copy of a non-Communist version of an IBM
machine, such as Hitachi or Fujitsu of Japan.
7 JUNE 1984
4 SW SWDR 84-110
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2
CHINA: LASER FUSION PROGRAM STAGNATING ____
A recent visitor to the Shanghai Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics toured the Chinese six-beam laser fusion
system. The system produces 10 joules of energy per beam
and has been operational since 1980. The Chinese, however,
have had problems in using all six beams simultaneously, and
generally have used only one or two beat ms ati a time to
implode glass microballoon targets.
Comment:
The Chinese laser fusion program, which consists primarily
of the project at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine
Mechanics, has made little progress in recent years. In
addition, there are no indications that the situation is
likely to change in the near future. As a result, it is
unlikely that the laser fusion program will make any
significant contributions to the Chinese energy~uclear
weapons programs in the foreseeable future.
7 JUNE 1984
SW SWDR 84-110
25X1
25X1
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Secret
Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP84T00045R000100050005-2