LETTER TO MR. RICHARD HELMS DIRECTOR FROM CHARLOTTE MOTON HUBBARD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130002-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 41
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 25, 2001
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: September 18, 1968
• Content Type: LETTER

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Aye
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Mx. Richard Helms, Director
Central Intelligence Agency
Langley, Virginia
Dear Mr. Helms:
Washington, D.C. 20520
SEP 18 1968
k- 7
President Johnson has proclaimed Thursday. October 24.1_ 1968
as United Nations Day. This date will mark the 23rd anniversary
observance of the founding of the United Nations.
On January 30, 1968, President Johnson issued an Executive
Order establishing the President's Commission for the Observ-
ance of Human Rights Year 1968. In his remarks he stated:
"The General Assembly of the United Nations has designated
1968 as International Year for Human Rights. It is the 20th
Anniversary Year of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
United Nations members are called upon for appropriate national
observance throughout this year."
?
It seems appro riate that the 23rd anniversar of the
'Nations and t e 20th an
iversar of the Universal Declaration of
uman R g ts be observed simultaneously. The Pres'ant urges officials
of Federal andState agencies as well as private citizens to engage
in appropriate observances. Accordingly, a sampling of display
and program materials for both observances is being sent to you
under separate cover for possible use by you or your agency.
For additional copies of the brochure "UN Action Agency
for Peace and Progress" and of "The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights" pamphlet, or for any further assistance we can offer
in regard to your participation, please telephone Miss A. Dorothea
Wool of this Bureau at DUdley 3-2558 or 2598, or let me know your
needs personally.
9,139 (Th"'
?a4m1-1"
ivrtl
? Sincerely,
4041?ke., Ak4s)g.,;,,
Charlotte Moton Hubbard
Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Public Services
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STATI NTL
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*PO ltINCLASSIFIED U Luralut. L
A
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
SUBJECT: (Optional)
EXTENSION
NO.
FROM:
DATE STATINTL
24 September 1968
SA -DD/S
7D02
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building}
DATE
OFFICER'S
RECEIVED
INITIALS
FORWARDED
I. Director of Personnel 0/
5E56 Hqs 25 SEP
& St?
190t.
f
\
The attached letter from the Depart -
ment of State requests that Thurs-
day, 24 October 1968, be observed
simultaneously as United Nations
Day and the 20th anniversary of the
Universal Declaration of Human
ri site
Rights. Will you take apprOn STATINTL
action as prescribed in paragi.p.
4 of this letter.
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. . . ac1141 arney
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE
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r24..NITED NATIONS MEMBERS
JULY 1968
AFGHANISTAN
ALBANIA
ALGERIA
ARGENTINA
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA
BARBADOS
BELGIUM
BOLIVIA
BOTSWANA
BRAZIL,
BULGARIA
BURMA
BURUNDI
BYELORUSSIAN S.S.
CANIBODIA
CAN EROON
CANADA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REP
CEYLON
CHAD
CHILE
CHINA
COLOMBIA
CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
CONGO (KINSHASA)
COSTA RICA
CUBA
CYPRUS
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
DAHOMEY
DENMARK
DOM INICAN RE PUBLIC
ECUADOR
EL SALVADOR
ETHIOPIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GABON
GAMBIA
GHANA
GREECE
GUATEMALA
GUINEA
GUYANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
HUNGARY
CELAND
NDIA
NDONESIA
RAN
RAQ
RELA ND
SRAEL
TALY
VORY COAST
IAMAICA
IAPAN
IORDA N
1ENYA
(U WAIT
LAOS
LEBANON
LESOTHO
LIBERIA
LIBYA
LUXEMBOURG
NIALAGAS`c REPUBLIC
MALAWI
MALAYSIA
MALDIVE ISLANDS
MALI
MALTA
MAURITANIA
MAURITIUS
MEXICO
MONGOLIA
MOROCCO
NEPAL
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND
NICARAGUA
NIGER
NIGERIA
NORWAY
PAKISTAN
PANAMA
PARAGUAY
PERU
PHILIPPINES
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
RWANDA
SAUDI ARABIA
SENEGAL
SIERRA LEONE
SINGAPORE
SOMALI REPUBLIC
SOUTH AFRICA
SOUTHERN YEMEN
SPAIN
SUDAN
SWEDEN
SYRIA
TANZANIA
THAILAND
TOGO
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
TUNISIA
TURKEY
UGANDA
UKRAINIAN S.S. R.
U.S.S.R.
UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES
UPPER VOLTA
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
YEMEN
YUGOSLAVIA
ZAMBIA
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ARMS CONTROL
AND
DISARMAMENT
Under four successive Presidents it has been the
policy of the United States to control the use of
nuclear energy for weapons purposes?and hope-
fully ultimately to eliminate all the modern engines
of nuclear destruction--while promoting the use of
nuclear energy for the benefit of mankind.
En its continuing efforts to reach the goal of general
and complete disarmament under effective interna-
tional control, the United States actively participates
in two international disarmament groups: (1) the
U.N. Disarmament Commission (UNDC), composed
of all members of the United Nations, and (2) the
Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament ( ENDC).
The United States has suggested various measures
to halt the spread of nuclear weapons: (1) a com-
prehensive and adequately verified treaty banning
all nuclear testing; (2) a verified freeze in the pro-
duction of strategic nuclear delivery vehicles; (3)
a halt in the production of fissionable materials for
weapons use and the transfer of such materials to
peaceful purposes; and (4) in connection with this
halt and transfer, the demonstrated destruction by
the United States and the Soviet Union of a substan-
tial number of nuclear weapons from the respective
stocks of each country.
The most important arms control measures since
the limited test ban agreement of 1963 are the Outer
Space Treaty and the Nonproliferation Treaty.
Negotiated during 1966 under U.N. auspices and
unanimously endorsed by the General Assembly, the
Outer Space Treaty prohibits the placing of bombs
in orbit, testing or placing weapons on celestial
bodies, or building military bases there. The Non-
proliferation Treaty, endorsed by the General As-
sembly by a vote of 95-4, binds nuclear powers not
to transfer nuclear weapons to nonnuclear slates and
ihe latter not to manufacture or acquire them.
The United States has advocated strengthening
U.N. security arrangements to protect those who
forswear nuclear weapons, and channeling the re-
sources now used in weapons development into
humanitarian and peaceful nuclear activities
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-
Respect for and observance of human rights is an-
other great purpose of the tnitecl Nations. The
charter reaffirms faith in the dignity and worth of the
human person, without distinction as to race, sex,
language, and religion. A Commission on Human
Rights is among tne advisory bodies of the Economic
and Social Council, which also set up a Commission
OR the Status of Women and a Subcommission on
Discrimination and Minorities.
La 1,948 the General Assembly adopted the Uni-
versal Declaration of Human Rights as a common
standard of achievement for all nations and all peo-
ples. Tiae deciaration states the great principles of
freedom found in the basic law of the United States
and of many Aber countries---the right of everyone
to life, liberty and equality to justice and fair trial;
to ,:reedom cc: speech, conscience, and religion; to
participation in government, fair employment, edu-
cation, and social protection; together with duties to
the eommunh.y arid the obligation to respect the
rignts and fre:Aoms of others. file General Assembly
designated 1.)63 as international Human Rights
Year in honcr of he twentieth anniversary of the
Universal Declaration, and the United Nations spon-
sored a major conference on human rights in
Tehran, Iran. The Llinited States has set up a Presi-
der tipi Commission for the observance of Human
Rights Year, headed by Ambassador Harriman.
The United -Nations has adopted a number of
conventions inder which governments may under-
take I egall obligations to respect human rights. These
deal with stch matters as slavery, forced labor,
genocide, the elimination of racial discrimination,
freed am of association, and equal pci:titical rights for
womer. Maur ccuntries have ratified human rights
conventions. Several of these conventions have been
sett the IRS. Senate for advice and consent to
ratification, but the Senate has approved only the
Supplementary- Convention on Slavery. Ratification
of these conventions is a means of keeping pace
internationally 'Aid) the outstanding U.S. record on
do:aiestie civil rights legislation.
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EDUCA N,
SCIENCE
AND CULTURE
The first U.N. delegates wisely realized that
political and social goals of the charter could best
be attained in a world which had achieved better
international communication in the fields of educa-
tion, science, and culture. The United Nations Edu-
cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNESCO) is one of the largest of the U.N. agen-
cies: 122 members and -I associate members.
To achieve its long-range aims the Organization
conducts a number of practical programs. In 1966-
67 high priority was given to those education pro-
grams contributing most fully to economic and social
development, with special emphasis on the improve-
ment of teacher training, educational planning, and
job-related literacy programs.
In the natural sciences, UNESCO initiated further
projects connected with the International Hydro-
logical Decade; conducted pilot studies on science
policy and the organization of research in a number
of countries; and continued work on the application
of science and technology to development.
In the social sciences and humanistic studies,
UNESCO's main efforts continued to be directed to-
ward helping improve man's capability to cope with
rapid changes taking place all over the world. Such
studies were focused on UNESCO's practical effort
to spur social and economic development. The Orga-
nization continued its programs of encouragement
of artistic creation; protection of the world's cul-
tural heritage; and dissemination of culture through
the arts, literature, museums, libraries, and archives.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7733
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
AND CONFERENCE SERIES 55
It ISED .11 LI 1968
OFFICE OF MEDIA SERVICES BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20102 ? Price 10 cents
r../PPIJAAPNT nrrwr
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THE 'ANTED STATES
;!..iit7T, its nception 23 years cige. the nited
Natious has Mier enthusiastic-alb suppor:ed by all
Presiden s. The chief goal of ;he United Nations
also the goal of the United States?a world in
ichich all natimn will resolve their differences by
negotiation and not by the tragic exr.edient of war;
and 1, as Lae L N. Charter says, "practice toler-
ance and live together in peace with one another as
g.od ineighbo,-s."
The United Nations is the mos:, significant single
institution which nations have ever created for assur-
ing an order] v disposition of their affairs. In sonic
of the world's most: dangerous trouble spots---the
Middle East, Kashmir, Korea, the Congo, and
yprus, amona; others--the Unitect IN stions has stood
up for the independence and intecrriiy of weak na-
tn
ios, ended c pen violence, patroled. cease-fire lines,
and promoted the, processes of peacemaking.
byen With tus:7ecord, there have been disappoint.
merits. Most people know that the United Nations
is a far from perfec: organization. They also realize,
however, that it is stiil the hest instrument for peace
among nations that the world possesses. There is no
realistic, alternative to it. ..'klations will never know
real security until they acknowledge some impartial
and effective nternational agency, designed to keep
the peace, restrain aggression, control national arma.
ments, negotiate oeiceful settlemen,s, and facilitate
peaceful change and the redress of just grievances.
No nation is so great that it car tickle these tasks
none. The t nited States is not exempt from this
rule. Aie can and must continue, as we have done
for a general on. to accept a major share of U.N.
efforts. We can because our power influence in
the work are 4reat. We must because neither we, nor
arty other nation, can be truly secure antil our world
ens &fled by lit rule of law and j
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KEEPItid
THE
PEACE
The first purpose of the United Nations, as stated
in article 1 of its charter, is "to maintain interna-
tional peace and security." To that end, the United
Nations is charged with taking the necessary meas-
ures to prevent and remove threats to the peace and
to suppress acts of aggression or other breaches of
the peace.
Over the past two decades, the United Nations has
developed a wide range of techniques and instru-
mentalities to achieve this basic purpose. During
1967 the Security Council held .16 meetings to dis-
cuss measures for resolving disputes involving
threats to the peace.
In some cases?Kashmir, Cyprus, and Palestine,
for example?permanent settlements are yet to be
achieved. Peacekeeping missions include:
? In the Congo from 1960-64 a U.N. peace force, at
its peak numbering more than 20,000 troops from
34 U.N. member states, helped the central govern-
ment to restore law and order and preserve the terri-
torial integrity of the Congo.
? In 1965 the Kashmir conflict between India and
Pakistan erupted into a full-scale war. The Security
Council demanded a cease-fire and the withdrawal
of opposing military forces. Shortly thereafter hos-
tilities ceased and, following the Tashkent agreement
in 1966, forces were withdrawn. U.N. observers
continue to monitor the cease-fire line.
? In June 1967, a fragile cease-fire was obtained by
the Security Council between the Arabs and Israelis
in the Middle East after 6 days of full-scale fighting.
The cease-fire line is still policed by U.N. observers.
? In Cyprus in November 1967, serious incidents
brought Greece and Turkey close to armed conflict.
'Ile Security Council played an important part in
helping to avert a major conflict in that area. A
1,500-man peace force remains on the island.
? In Viet-Nam, the United Nations has been para-
lyzed because of disagreement among permanent
members of the Security Council, each of which
holds a veto.
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WORKING
FOR
EAU!
he World Health Organization (WHO), a spe-
ciaiized genty of the Lnited Nations, has as its
obiectiv "the attainment by all peoples of the
highest level of health." With a membership of 127
countries. WHO pursues a turee-fold task: (1) to
provide general. Worldwide services; (2) to give each
country the speuific aid it requests and needs; and
(3 ) to encourage and coordinate international
scientific research on health problems.
WHO is conducting successful campaigns to
achieve worldwt de eradication of malaria. and small-
pox. It is also assisting countries faroughout the
work. in ,Lheir efforts to control cholera, tuberculosis,
sleeping sickness, and. other communicable diseases.
Special attenticni has been given during the past year
or so to cholera, which occurred in epidemic form in
areas httuerto free of it for many years and threat-
ened to spread westward.
High oriority has been given by 'WHO to the
provision of adequate and safp water supplies to
the developing countries. Net only is man's health
compromised bv- polluted and inadequae water,. but
social and indu 'trial ,clevelopment is retarded. WHO
is assisting: more th,111 33 countries to improve their
water suppiy syitenk-.
Armag die services for the benefit of all countries,
WHO keeps governments informed of the presence
anywhere of the quarantinable diseases such as
smallpox, cholera, plague, and yellow fever. It has
also established an international drug monitoring
tirogram to cohect, evaluate, and disseminate infor-
mation on a.dve,:se drug reactions in cooperation with
the United Stat cs and a few other governments. The
system wiil help avert disasters resulting from the
use cf potentially dang;rous drugs such as thalido
nil de .
WHO awards Inc re than 2,000 fellowships to
health in?orkers for study abroad; conducts seminars
and con,ferenccs to keep health authorities abreast
of scientific developments in various fields of health
and medicine and publishes studies on current
health problem s.
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The Security Council,with five permanent and 10
nonpermanent members, has primary responsibility
for the maintenance of international peace and se-
curity. The Charter vests this body with the power
of enforcement.
The General Assembly, consisting of all members
of the United Nations, may make recommendations
on any matters covered by the Charter.
Most members of the U.N. family of agencies are
engaged in activities directly related to economic
and social development. Not including the four
financial organizations, close to 80 percent of the
llnited Nations total resources during 1967 were de-
voted to such developmental activities. These activi-
ties may he grouped under three main headings:
Aid: Technical assistance to member governments
to help improve their operations, particularly in the
fields of agriculture, education, and health.
Trade: Efforts of many kinds?information,
conferences, commodity agreements?to help the
less developed nations to become more productive
partners and to obtain a more profitable role in in-
ternational trade.
Financial help: Long-term loans for economic de-
velopment; short-term assistance; special loans to
private industry in the developing nations; and
sound advice on monetary matters.
A few U.N. agencies are concerned with relief
and related humanitarian programs. Still others, as
indicated by their names, provide useful services
which benefit all members: allocating radio fre-
quencies to assure clear communications for space
experiments as well as for safety at sea and in the
air; keeping track of dangerous drugs and epi-
demics; combating malaria and other diseases; col-
lecting and exchanging weather information; facili-
tating the movement of mail; lighting traffic in nar-
cotics; recommending safety standards and proper
working conditions in mines, mills, and factories;
working for the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
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aigA4S4,
INCREAugelt
OFILD FOOD
SUPPLIES
i'iitis cot walmitrition plaruci twoa:hirds of the
vorIcrs pcvulation, including over 2 Iii lion people
tk lieVf`[f.pin Clilltarkt?,. More the peace of the
i)r Cl I'.] 0 ho secure he related food/population
roblem 1,nust, he solved, It roust teCe'Ve the priority
itte,ntion of the so 'Id' glivernments, Ti.; it does in
foreign aid program.
To help alleviate the world food problem, the
ood Erie Agricriture Organization (FAO) of the
Mitten ations was established in 1945. FAO as-
sts countries in the development of soil and water
'sources hr psi rg improved torts and techniques
for -tarn-ling, fishing, stockraising,. and forestry; in
e n-oloying better 'net:hods for processing, marketing,
rci conserving, fccIds; in developing: agricultural ex-
nsion services and c000eratives; and in instituting
unci and reform policies. On invAation, it has
some 3,500 ,x,perts into 60 countries to help
v ib decebiment aroblerns.
FAO al i coopi rates with a mutilatera I program
ol assis:ance to developing countries based on the
me of surplus foods. The joint UN/FAO World
l'ood Pio, rant established in 1063 has made many
sitive contriirnitions to w,ard solving basic problems
in the develoon.ig nations. It has undertaken over
0 proj ects I an i west merit of nearly $243 million ,
a. d has responded. to .57 emergency operations (at
a dust of inil I ion) in 71 eountries. These nations
ii ye received fot d. aid to help in such areas as
ii E`StOCIS arVPIOrrl tent school feeding- programs;
.iiiiiirestation; training of agricultural wo.,,.-kers; the
co istructicn nt dl ms schools, roads, and storage
la( hides; and in I,teracc campaigns.
to encourage it truly international SC mr against
[Ter, .President ohrlson has pledged to strengthen
tin FAO. "Hunger a ad want anywh,m?,," he has
-ti Led itt the "eiernol enemies of all mankind."
rhe 1.'nited States coltribution to the Program
il)tn) i expected to be about $;12 million in
cc! arnoch ties, cash, and services on a matching basis.
VO 7 1.96c-70 the I S has pledged up to $1.00 million
or a mateir,ing basis.
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TRADE
AND
DEVELOPMENT
The U.N.'s "Development Decade," launched in
1961, has as its goal the reduction of the vast gap
between those nations IA hich have found their way to
abundance and those still suffering from widespread
hunger, disease, and ignorance. The greater part of
the total financial resources available to the United
Nations is used for economic and social development.
Although the initial goals set for the decade have
not been reached, there have been many encouraging
results, not the least of which are regional develop-
ment banks, regional cooperation in developing
natural resources, and the establishment of common
markets.
The United Nations and its related agencies are
helping 150 nations and territories to raise living
standards, to build healthy economies, and to be-
come better?and richer?partners in world trade.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development and its affiliated institutions provide
the largest share of multilateral financial assistance
for development. The Bank, alone, has lent more
than $10 billion to 80 countries. Most of these loans
have gone to developing nations for electric power
plants and transportation facilities, and for industrial
and agricultural projects.
The U.N. Development Program ( UNDP) pro-
vides preinvestrnent assistance (873 projects with a
total value over $2 billion in 105 countries and terri-
tories) and technical assistance (96,000 experts sent
to 130 countries, whose nationals received 43,000
fellowships for advanced training).
Two new U.N. agencies have been set up: the
U.N. Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) in 1964, and the U.N. Industrial Devel-
opment Organization (UNIDO) in 1966. UNCTAD
is concerned with promotion of international trade
with a view to accelerating economic growth of the
developing nations. A major UNCTAD conference
was held in New Delhi in early 1968. UNIDO was
set up to help developing nations industrialize
through technical assistance and other programs.
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E SbuiCTUI
OF THE
UNITIES) NAT
acnievc tne puiposes set forth the charter,
a are family actiort agencies has been created:
6 Priacipal Orgal s
Security t ;outwit
',...eneral Assent ily
1]o311C anti ;7,oral Council
"Irtisteestlip Council
iintormitional Court vt Justice
t-tettretarittti.
Special-2'er], .4geacie; (General)
Fool amt. Agriculture Organization (FAO)
intergevt?irnment al _Maritime Consultati?e Organization (HMCO
intern tonal CHI Aviation Organization (ICAO)
I met-national Cr Ivor it ,.trionizat ion (ILO
_Inte:mational. Te,ecomettanication Union GI U)
United Nations Educational. Scientific and Cultural
..)r4an ZatIO (U NESCO,)
Univarsal Postal Union (UPU)
trld Health Or Citation (WHO)
World Meteoroloiica) Organization (Wil,10}
?; Specialized A ge7,ries (Eh-wry:R) )
Internaiional Bank ttir Reconsitruction ani. Devciripntent
International Monetary Fund (BiF)
International Fireince Cerporation (IFC;
inter aatienai Dev elopment Assoc..ation ( IDA I
t trite/iv/Coned .4 tonic Energy Agency (IAEA)
iunctiaval Cortmissions
Hamm Bights
Narcotics
Popu.tatt on
Social Lte.velooment
Statistic s(
Status ott. W,TMC n
Special Programi
:hiidueits Fund ( jN rc LEI
Economic 1:)evehpmeir. (UNDP
Educatioual and Training Program for South tt.tricans
Industria. OeveLinalene (UNIDO)
Internatn.stal. 'fru) ( tti\CTAD.)
Pnaecketv:iingi in liddle East (1.:NTS0) and on Cyprus
(UNIT-APS
tif tme e N H ign Com ini:sion er ft,r Refugees
f UN tilt) ; rut U.N. Belief and Works Agent-iy for
Palestine Refugees in the Near East (CNRWA)
fechnir_ial tind Operational Assistance to the Congo
c'LUS other tregional?ver specialized----boaro,s, bureaus,
cotinnis:ons, .-tommittees, operations, and programs.
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THE FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
IN THE UNITED STATES
FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
CD We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
cr, are created equal, that they are endowed by their Cre-
el ator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these
n.)
OD
o.)
01
. .
0
0 Article [I.]
10 Section 9. . . . The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas
Co Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of
(in Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
0
0 No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be
0.)
passed . . . .
Section 10. No State shall . . . pass any Bill of At-
0 tainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obli-
gation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. . . .
o Article [Ill.]
0
Section 2. . . . The Trial of all Crimes, except in
0.) Cases of Impeachment, shall be byJury; and such Trial
0
n.)
are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That,
to secure these rights, Governments are instituted
among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent
of the governed . . . .
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall
have been committed; but when not committed within
any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as
the Congress may by Law have directed.
Article [IV.]
Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled
to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several
States. . . .
Article [VI.]
. .. no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualifi-
cation to any Office or public Trust under the United
States.
THE UNITED STATES BILL OF RIGHTS
The First Ten Amendments to the Constitution
Article [I.]
Congress shall make no law respecting an establish-
ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;
be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor shall private property be taken for
public use, without just compensation.
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
WHEREAS recognition of the inherent dignify and of
the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the
human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and
peace in the world,
WHEREAS disregard and contempt for human rights
have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged
the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world
in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech
and belief and freedom from fear and want has been
proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common
people,
WHEREAS, if is essential, if man is not to be com-
pelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion
against tyranny and oppression, that human rights
should be protected by the rule of law,
WHEREAS it is essential to promote the development
of friendly relations between nations.
WHEREAS the peoples of the United Nations have in
their Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental
human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person and in the equal rights of men and women and
have determined to promote social progress and better
standards of life in larger freedom,
WHEREAS Member States have pledged themselves
to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the
promotion of universal respect for and observance of
human rights and fundamental freedoms,
WHEREAS a common understanding of these rights
and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full
realization of this pledge,
NOW, THEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY PRO-
CLAIMS this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as
a common standard of achievement for all peoples and
all nations, to the end that every individual and every
organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in
mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote
respect for these rights and freedoms and by progres-
sive measures, national and international, to secure
their universal and effective recognition and observ-
ance, both among the peoples of Member States them-
selves and among the peoples of territories under their
jurisdiction.
Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity
and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and
should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms
set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind,
such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the
political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or
territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent,
trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
sovereignty.
Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security
of person.
Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery
and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and
expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions
without Interference and to seek, receive and impart informa-
tion and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful
assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21. (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the gov-
ernment of his country, directly or through freely chosen repre-
sentatives.
(2i)s country. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in
h
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and
genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suf.
frage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free vot-
ing procedures.
Article 22. FvPrvnna ..,?????,....??????? - . ?
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PRESIDENT JOHNSON
HUMAN RIGHTS YEAR 1968
co
a President Johnson on October 11, 1967, issued
UT a Proclamation designating 1968 as Human Rights
"LC Year in Honor of the Twentieth Anniversary of the
O Universal Deciaration of Human Rights, which
^ reads in part:
o
The year 1968 will mark the twentieth anniversary
o of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the
co United Nations?an historic document of freedom
o that expresses man's deepest beliefs about the
CNI rights that every human being is born with, and that
a)
(,) no government is entitled to deny.
co
a) * * *
To
? The adoption of the Declaration by the United
? Nations established a common standard of achieve-
ment for all peoples and all nations. These principles
p were incorporated into Human Rights Conventions,
a) ? to be ratified by the individual nations.
2 American ratification of these Conventions is long
co_ overdue. The principles they embody are part of our
o_
? own national heritage. The rights and freedoms they
proclaim are those which America has defended?
and fights to defend?around the world.
It is my continuing hope that the United States
Senate will ratify_ these conventions. This would
present the world with another testament to our
Nation's abiding belief in the inherent dignity and
worth of the individual person. it would speak again
of the highest ideals of America.
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a
statement of principles approved as a common
standard of achievement for all peoples and all
nations. It is not a treaty and therefore imposes no
le al obli ations. It is, however, a challenge to all
mankind to promote wor e respec or
rights and fundamental freedoms.
The Declaration was approved by the United
Nations General Assembly in Paris December 10,
1948, by a vote of 48 to 0. Eight countries abstained
in the voting and two were absent. The United States
actively supported approval of the Declaration in the
General Assembly in Paris. Secretary of State Mar-
shall called for its approval at the opening of the
session. He urged the nations to approve "a new
declaration of human rights for free men in a free
world," and continued:
"Systematic and deliberate denials of basic
human rights lie at the root of most of our troubles
and threaten the work of the United Nations. It is not
only fundamentally wrong that millions of men and
women live in daily terror of secret police, subject to
seizure, imprisonment, or forced labor without just
cause and without fair trial, but these wrongs have
repercussions in the community of nations. Govern-
ments which systemativally disregard the rights of
their own people are not likely to respect the rights
of other nations and other people and are likely to
seek their objectives by coercion and force in the
international field."
In the years after the adoption of the Universal
Declaration, the United Nations worked on the draft-
ing of two international covenants to cover in treaty
form the rights set out in the Declaration. These two
covenants, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
arTd the Covenant-on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, were completed and adopted by the General
Assembly in 1966. These covenants are now open for
ratification by Member States of the United Nations.
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE QUEST
FOR PEACE
".. . we look forward to a world founded upon four
essential human freedoms . . . freedom of speech
and expression . . . freedom of every person to
worship God in his own way . . freedom from
want. . . freedom from fear. . . ."
President Roosevelt, January 6, 194
"The Charter [of the United Nations] plainly
makes respect for human rights by nations a matter
of international concern . . . disregard of human
rights is the beginning of tyranny and, too often, the
beginning of war . ..."
President Truman, October 24, 1949
"Let us remember that it is only through free
and responsible efforts that humanity can make last-
ing progress toward the goal of peace with justice,
and let us direct our actions so as to encourage these
efforts in every country by strengthening their
foundations in our own . . . ."
President Eisenhower
Human Rights Week Proclamation, 1960
"And is not PA2r-P, in the last analysis, basically
a matter of human rights . ..."
President Kennedy, June 10, 1963
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 8391
Released July 1968
Office of Media Services
Bureau of Public Affairs
GPO : 1968 0 -1-0-381
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Wsshihgton, D.C. 20402 - Price 10 cents
THE
imixi="1Z)Ai
$.? v
DECLARATION
OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
geven,r&A Jtimimethaity
1968
HUMAN RIGHTS YEAR
THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION FOR THE
OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS YEAR
T
ASKS u TO PARTICIPATE
I
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THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION FOR THE OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS YEAR
CREATION OF THE COMMISSION
On January 30, 1968, President Johnson issued
an Executive Order establishing the President's
Commission for the Observance of Human Rights
Year 1968. In his remarks he stated:
The General Assembly of the United Nations has
designated 1968 as International Year for Human
Rights. It is the 20th Anniversary Year of the Uni-
versal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations
members are called upon for appropriate national
observances throughout this year.
*
The United States was founded on great and
lasting principles of liberty and rights for the
individual ....
* * *
We seek justice as a safeguard against tyranny
and catastrophe. Secretary of State George Marshall
reminded us twenty years ago:
"Governments which systematically disregard the
rights of their own people are not likely to respect
the rights of other nations and other people and are
likely to seek their objectives by coercion and
force ...."
Thus warned in 1948, America pledged her
strength and hope with other signatories to the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights . . . .
* * *
The Commission I appoint today
?can enlarge our people's understanding of the
principles of human rights, as expressed in the Uni-
versal Declaration and the Constitution and in the
laws of the United States;
?can provide a focus for governmental participa-
tion in Human Rights Year, enlisting the coopera-
tion of organizations and individuals;
?and may conduct studies, issue publications,
and undertake such other activities as it finds
appropriate.
THE COMMISSION MEMBERSHIP
The Honorable W. Averell Harriman, Ambassador
at Large, Chairman
Mrs. Anna Roosevelt Halsted, of Washington,
D.C., Vice Chairman
The Secretary of State
The Attorney General
The Secretary of Labor
The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
The Staff Director for the Commission on Civil
Rights
The Chairman of the Equal Employment Oppor-
tunity Commission
Mr. Bruno V. Bitker, Attorney, Chairman of the
Human Rights Panel, White House Conference
on International Cooperation, 1965
The Honorable Tom C. Clark, Former Associate
Justice, U.S. Supreme Court
Mrs. Elinor L. Gordon, President of the Citizens'
Committee for Children, New York
Dr. J. Willis Hurst, Professor and Chairman, De-
partment of Medicine, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Mr. Ralph E. McGill, Publisher of The Atlanta
Constitution
Mr. George Meany, President of the AFL?CIO
The Honorable Robert B. Meyner, former Gover-
nor of New Jersey
Mr. A. Philip Randolph, President of the Brother-
hood of Sleeping Car Porters
Mr. Maurice Tempelsman, Senior Partner, Leon
Tempelsman and Son
GOVERNOR HARRIMAN
The Commission has established the
following special committees:
COMMITTEE ON AWARDS AND SPECIAL EVENTS
Chairman, Mrs. Anna Roosevelt Halsted
COMMITTEE OF BUSINESSMEN
Chairman, Mr. Maurice Tempelsman
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
Chairman, Dr. Paul A. Miller
COMMITTEE ON LABOR
Chairman, Mr. George Meany
COMMITTEE OF LAWYERS
Chairman, Justice Tom C. Clark
COMMITTEE ON THE MASS MEDIA
Chairman, Mr. Ralph E. McGill
COMMITTEE ON NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Chairman, Mr. Bruno V. Bitker
COMMITTEE ON STATE AND MUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENTS
Chairman, Governor Robert B. Meyner
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
Chairman, Dr. Lynn M. Bartlett
The Commission suggests that you-
1. Organize a special committee representing all
groups in your community interested in human rights
to study the rights set forth in the Universal Declara-
tion of Human Rights and the United States Constitu-
tion and Bill of Rights, and to take action on the local
level to help implement them.
2. Ask your city, county, and state officials to
sponsor special events in commemoration of the
Twentieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights.
3. Ask your local newspaper, radio or television
station, and local advertisers to sponsor public serv-
ice statements and publicity devoted to the com-
memoration of Human Rights Year.
4. Ask public personalities in your area?
religious leaders, educators, and government offi-
cials?to speak on the subject of human rights.
5. Talk to educators at all levels about including
instruction in human rights in classroom work, in
school assembly programs, and as a subject for
special educational programs such as seminars,
essay contests, and debate programs.
6. Request public space for setting up displays
featuring this leaflet displayed as a poster or other
materials suitable for publicizing human rights.
7. Sponsor a public affairs discussion group to
explore the relationship of international human rights
to local problems, their relationship to world peace,
and the ways in which the United States can benefit
from ratification of Human Rights Conventions.
Your Senator and Representative will be interested
in your opinion on these matters.
The United States of America and other Member
States of the United Nations report to each other
through the United Nations on their observances of
Human Rights Year. Your activities in celebration of
the Year add to our record and should be reported to
the President's Commission for the Observance of
Human Rights Year 1968, Department of State,
Washington, D.C. 20520. Further information on
these matters may be obtained by writing to the
Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520.
or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or
the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Article [II.]
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
security of a free State, the right of the people to keep
anci beer shall bo
Article [Ill.]
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in
any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor
in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by
law.
Article [IV.]
The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable
searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no
Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, sup-
ported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describ-
ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things
to be seized.
Article [V.]
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in
the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in
actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall
any person be subject for the same offence to be twice
put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled
in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor
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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy
the right to a speedy and nuniio tile!, by an !rnpartiai
jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall
have been committed, which district shall have been
previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of
the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con-
fronted vvlth tile vvitilebbeb against him; to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,
and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
Article [VII.]
In Suits at common law, where the value in con-
troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial
by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by jury,
United States, than according to the rules of the
common law.
Article [VIII.]
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive
fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted.
Article [IX.]
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain
rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage
others retained by the people.
Article [X.]
The powers not delegated to the United States by
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
LATER CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS SECURING HUMAN RIGHTS
Article P011.]
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted, shaii exist within the
United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Article [XIV.]
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
are citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any
law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of
citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive
any person -of liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its juris-
diction the equal protection of the laws.
Article [XV.]
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any Stat6 on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude?
Article
The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any State on account of sex.
Article [XXIV.]
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States
to vote in any primary or other election for President
or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice
President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress,
denied-or abridged-by -the United -States
or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or
other tax.
: CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130002-6
or to cruel, in
-
I human or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere
as a person before the law.
? Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without
? any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled
pnntz.-t;nn .ba;n.l. any diaw lll i ll in vioiation oi
this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimina-
tion.
Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by
the competent national tribunals for acts violating the funda?
? mental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
? Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, de-
tention or exile.
to social security ai.0 ?nine? to realization, trnougn national
effort and international cooperation and in accordance with
flua nraaniaa+ inn and racnnrnac nf panh Statn, nf thn nrnnnmir,
social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the
free development of his personality.
Article 23. (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice
of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and
pro'n.n*,^^ annt'nst uncrnpicyrnont.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal
pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable
remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence
worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by
other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for
the protection of his interests.
1
1
0
Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and
public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the
determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal
charge against him.
Article 11. (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has
the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according
to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees
necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account
of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal
offence, under national or international law, at the time when it
was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the
one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was
Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interfer-
ence with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to
attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right
to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of move-
ment and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his
own, and to return to his country.
Article 14. (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy
in other corintrips Asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions
genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts con-
trary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15. (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2'1 No one shell he Aeprived of hi.: noticnolity act
denied the right to change his nationality.
Article 16. (1) Men and women of full age, without any
limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to
marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights
as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full
consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of
society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17. (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone
as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and reitgion;_this_right Motu-des?freedom to
his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in corn.
munity with others and in public or private, to manifest hlc
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
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ing reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holi-
days with pay.
Article 25. (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living
adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his
family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and
necessary social services, and the right to security in the event
of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or
other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and
assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall
enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26. (1) Everyone has the right to education. Educa-
tion shall be free, at !east in the elementary and fundamental
stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical
and professional education shall be made generally available
and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the
basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the
human personality and to the strengthening of respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote
understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations,
racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the
United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education
that shall be given to their children.
Article 27_ (i) Everyone has the right freely to participate in
the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to
share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and
material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or
artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28. Everyone is entitled to a social and international
order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declara-
tion can be fully realized.
Article 29. (1) Everyone has duties to the community in
which alonethe free and full development of his personality is
possible,
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be
subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely
for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the
rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just require-
ments of morality, public order and the general welfare in a
democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised
contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30; ttothi-n-g- in this Declaration may be interpreted
as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage
in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction
of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
. ? F
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V7
NOTE TO: C/BSD
After many unsuccessful attempts to get Miss Manchester,
I finally talked to a Mr. Eugene Bowden in Miss Manchester's
office. He said they have no film on the U. N. They do have
one film on UNESCO but it has no relation to United Nations
Day.
I asked if they had other material we could use and he
said that the letter from Mrs. Hubbard had all the material
available.
Since the attached is all that is available, I think
that placing the posters on the Bulletin Boards is all that
is necessary.
C/BCB
/c(1
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SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSI/-11.;/% I 11..PN jrI PONY QV I I %am
I UNCLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL
I SECRET
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DATE
INITIALS
1
DD/Pers/Ops '
5 oci 19U
2
EO/OP
71v-
3
D/Pers 0,)0/7 120c-Lil (
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ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
(PARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RE I MMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RET RN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGN TURE
Remarks: Re D/Pers routing sheet inst uctions
on observing United Nations Day.
We have contacted Hubbard's office They
have no film on the United Nations and no her
material other than that which was sent with er
letter, attached.
I strongly urge that we do no more than
post the attac-h-ed material on the bulletin boards.0
1,5Ve did no more than this last year. In 1964, we-
put out the attached employee bulletin and in 1965,
we put out the attached memo from the Director.
We could do this much if you wish.
(6-A-Ain
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME, DRESS AND PHONE NO. 4 nrT
19VTE
C / BSD
5E47 HQ
...,.
UNCLASSIFIED
CONFIDEN
SECRET
1
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STATI NTL
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v?ce
9
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STATI NTL
STATI NTL
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STATI NTL
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SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DATE
INI IALS
1
Ex. Dir.
'/ii
.1/1"1
DVS AEO-DD/S 7D-02 Hqs)
Director of Personnel A.-
5E -56 Hqs.
C74,5- ,D
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks: c2.
I 40
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your possible use are:
corridor by Walter Pforzheimer,
on the bulletin boards,
auditorium-
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around here for
display in the 1D
appropriate notices
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(1) a suitable
(2)
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at noon.
TO RETURN TO
SENDER
FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
Office of the Director
27/9/67
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
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STATI NTL
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oFFice or TH4 ci.,1Ecro8
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Dear Mr. Helms:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Washington, D.C. 20520
Executive Registry
September 25, 1967
President Johnson has proclaimed Tuesday, October 24, 1967
as United Nations Day. This occasion marks the 22nd anniversary
observance of United Nations Day. In his Proclamation, the
President calls on all American citizens, as well as officials of
Federal and State agencies, to engage in appropriate observances.
He further urges all Americans to study the United Nations--its
accomplishments, its strengths, its limitations, and its potential
for the future.
As in past years, the Department of State is coordinating partici-
pation of the Federal and State agencies in UN Day observances. A
sampling of display and program materials, as well as copies of the
Presidentts Proclamation, are being sent to you under separate cover
to assist you or your agency in participating in this 22nd anniversary
observance. Much of this material is suitable for reproduction in
publications, and may be reproduced without further permission,
with a credit line if appropriate.
For additional copies of the brochure "UN...Action Agency for
Peace and Progress" and the UN Day poster, or for any additional
help we can offer in regard to your agencyts participation, please
telephone Miss Mary Manchester of my office at DUdley 3..2558 or
2598, or let me know your needs personally.
Cordially,
64034Wite,N.44es
Charlotte Moton Hubbard
Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Public Affairs
Mr. Richard Helms, Director,
Central Intelligence Agency,
Langley, Virginia 20505.
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50
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IMMEDIATE RELEASE AUGUST 1, 1967
OFFICE OF THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS SECRETARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
UNITED NATIONS DAY, 1967
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
Twenty-two years ago, the United States joined in founding the
United Nations. Since that time, our Nation has faithfully honored its
commitments to the world body, in pursuit of a just and lasting peace.
Every President and Congress since the time of Franklin Delano
Roosevelt has given full support to the United Nations. Under every
Administration, and without regard to party, our country has:
cooperated actively in the United Nations search for
peace in the Middle East, Kashmir, and other troubled
areas around the world;
supported the United Nations efforts to strengthen the
respect of men and nations for the rule of law, and for
fundamental human rights and freedoms;
-- worked to limit armaments, including nuclear weapons,
under effective international control;
-- supported the principle of self-determination for areas
emerging from dependent status;
contributed abundantly to United Nations humanitarian
activities, and to its programs of economic and social
development.
The successful negotiation of a treaty banning weapons of mass
destruction from outer space is an outstanding recent example of our
support for the UN's work.
The United Nations has no magic formula for solving the in-
creasingly complex problems of our revolutionary age. Its failures
have disheartened those who saw in it the only hope for peace in a world
torn by strife. Yet despite those failures, it has achieved much that could
not have been achieved without it. It remains the symbol, and the standard,
of man's desire to turn away from ancient quarrels and- make peace with his
neighbor.
(MORE)
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2
I urge Americans to study the United Nations -- its accomplish-
ments, its strengths, its limitations, and its potential for the future.
Broad public knowledge of the United Nations can provide a firm base for
future United States action in the organization.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, LYNDON B. JOHNSON, President of
the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Tuesday, October 24,
1967, as United Nations Day, and urge the citizens of this Nation to observe
that day by means of community programs that will contribute to a realistic
understanding of the aims, problems, and achievements of the United Nations
and its associated organizations.
I also call upon officials of the Federal and State Govermr.ents
and upon local officials to encourage citizen groups and ager, ,i..,,3Li
cation -- press, radio, television, and motion pictures -- t.drIga, in
special and appropriate observance of United Nations Dv.y thi6 yea: in
cooperation with the United Nations Association of the United States of
America and other interested organizations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this. first
day of AuguF.f, in the year of our Lord Nineteen handred and sixty-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the one humi-zed and
ninety-second.
LYNDON B. JOHNSON
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?. . action agency
frt Imam muthicyleJ4
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JILL U11111131 MIRIAM IVICIYIDLND
JUNE 1967
AFGHANISTAN
ALI3ANIA
ALGERIA
ARGENTINA
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA
BARBADOS
BELGIUM
BOLIVIA
BOTSWANA
BRAZIL
BULGARIA
BU RMA
BURUNDI
BYELORUSSIAN S.S.R.
CAMBODIA
CAMEROON
CANADA
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
CEYLON
CHAD
CHILE.
CHINA
COLOMBIA
CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
CONGO (KINSHASA)
COSTA RICA
CUBA
CYPRUS
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
DAHOMEY
DENMARK
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
ECUADOR
EL SALVADOR
ETHIOPIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GABON
GAMBIA
GHANA
GRE:ECE
GUATEMALA
GUINEA
GUYANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
HUNGARY
CEIAND
NDIA
NDONESIA
RAN
RAO
RELAND
SRAEL
TALY
VORY COAST
JAMAICA
JAPAN
JORDAN
KENYA
KUWAIT
LAOS
LEBANON
LESOTHO
LIBERIA
LIBYA
LUXEMBOURG
MALAGASY REPUBLIC
MALAWI
MALAYSIA
MALDIVE ISLANDS
MALI
MALTA
MAURITANIA
MEXICO
MONGOLIA
MOROCCO
NEPAL
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND
NICARAGUA
NIGER
NIGERIA
NORWAY
PAKISTAN
PANAMA
PARAGUAY
PERU
PHILIPPINES
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
RWANDA
SAUDI ARABIA
SENEGAL
SIERRA LEONE
SINGAPORE
SOMALI REIPUBLIC
SOUTH AFRICA
SPAIN
SIJDAN
SWEDEN
SYRIA
TANZANIA
THAILAND
TOGO
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
TUNISIA
TURKEY
UGANDA
UKRAINIAN S.S.R.
U.S.S.R.
UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES
UPPER VOLTA
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
YEMEN
YUGOSLAVIA
ZAMBIA
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EDUCATION,
SCIENCE
AND CULTURE
The first U.N. delegates wisely realized that
political and social goals of the charter could best
be attained in a world which had achieved better
international communication in the fields of educa-
tion, science, and culture. The United Nations Edu-
cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) is one of the largest of the U.N. agen-
cies: 120 members and two associate members.
To achieve its long-range aims the Organization
conducts a number of practical programs. In 1966-
67 high priority was given to those education pro-
grams contributing most fully to economic and social
development, with special emphasis on the improve-
ment of teacher training, educational planning, and
job-related literacy programs.
In the natural sciences, UNESCO initiated further
projects connected with the International Hydro-
logical Decade; conducted pilot studies on science
policy and the organization of research in a number
of countries; and continued work on the application
of science and technology to development.
In the social sciences and humanistic studies,
UNESCO's main efforts continued to be directed to-
ward helping improve man's capability to cope with
rapid changes taking place all over the world. Such
studies were focused on UNESCO's practical effort
to spur social and economic development. The Orga-
nization continued its programs of encouragement
of artistic creation; protection of the world's cul-
tural heritage; and dissemination of culture through
the arts, literature, museums, libraries, and archives.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7733
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
AND CONFERENCE SERIES 55
REVISED JULY 1967
OFFICE OF MEDIA SERVICES BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 10 cents
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tU
. . The U.N. has been effective in containing local
disputes which, if unchecked, could have led to general
war. It has assisted scores of nations in meeting the
challenges of the technological revolution. Above all,
the U.N. has proved to be a place where constructive
dialogues between rich and poor nations can lead w-
hetter understanding in today's world and the promise
of D fuller life for future generations.
Because we know that institutions., like men, must
remain ever ready to cope with recurring crises, we
will continue to do our share in keeping the U.N.'s
operations relevant to its problems, -realistic in ap-
proach, and responsible in action.
Effective public support for the United Nations de-
pends upon a sober appraisal of its accomplishments,
and upon a sympathetic understanding of the prob-
lems, as well as the potential, of the world organization.
Lyndon B. Johnson
May 11, 1966
When the President announced the appointment of
Arthur J. Goldberg to be 'United States Representa-
tive to the United Nations, he said, "In his new office
he speak not only for an administration, but he
wil.. speak for an entire nation, firmly, earnestly, and
responsibly committed to the strength and to the
success of the United Nations in its works for peace
around the world."
Since its inception 22 years ago, the United Na-
tions has been enthusiastically supported in deeds as
well as words by five U.S.. Presidents. The United
States has endorsed, and in many cases initiated,
nurnenous LI. N. actions to maintain international
peace and security, to increase world trade and spur
economic development, to promote human rights and
the rule of law, and to develop friendly relations
among nations.
Most thoughtful people know that the United
Nations is a Far froni perfect organization, in a far
from perfect world," President Johnson recently told
the Congress. "Yet they also recognze that it and its
spe:ialized apencies are the best system yet devised
for sovereign nations to work together with equality
and self-respect.
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Al
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I NAIR
The U.N.'s "Development Decade," launched in
1961, has as its goal the reduction of the vast gap
between those nations which have found their way to
abundance and those still suffering from widespread
hunger, disease, and ignorance. The greater part of
the total financial resources available to the United
Nations is used for economic and social development.
Although the initial goals set for the decade have
not been reached, there have been many encouraging
results, not the least of which are regional develop-
ment banks, regional cooperation in developing
natural resources, and the establishment of common
markets and other steps for the elimination of
barriers to trade.
The United Nations and its related agencies are
helping 150 nations and territories to raise living
standards, to build healthy economies, and to be-
come better?and richer?partners in world trade.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development and its affiliated institutions provide
the largest share of multilateral financial assistance
for development. The Bank, alone, has lent more
than $10 billion to 80 countries. Most of these loans
have gone to developing nations for electric power
plants and transportation facilities, and for industrial
and agricultural projects.
The U.N. Development Program (UNDP) pro-
vides preinvestment assistance (727 projects with a
total value over $1.5 billion in 103 countries and
territories) and technical assistance (90,000 experts
sent to 130 countries, whose nationals received
40,000 fellowships for advanced training) .
Two new U.N. agencies have been set up: The
U.N. Conference on Trade and Development (UNC-
TAD), and the U.N. Industrial Development Organi-
zation (UNIDO) . UNCTAD reflects worldwide con-
cern over the economic prospects of the developing
nations, and their need to increase earnings from
international trade in order to help achieve and
laintain satisfactory rates of growth. UNIDO was
et up in 1966 to help developing nations execute
1ustrial programs.
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achieve the purposes set forth in the charter,
a large family of action agencies has been. created:
Principal Organs
Security Council
General Assembly
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council
International Court of Justice
U.N. Secretariat
9 Specialized Agencies
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Labor Organization (ILO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Health Organization (WHO /
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
1 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
6 Functional Commissions
Human Rights
Narcotics
Population
Social Development
Statistical
Status of Women
In2ernationol Financial Organizations
International Banikt for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Development Association
10 Special Programs
Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Economic Development ( UNDP)
Educational and Training Program for South Africans
Incustrial Development (UNIDO)
International Trade (UNCTAD)
Peacekeeping: in Middle East (UNTSO) and on Cyprus
HNFICYP)
Ref ogees: U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) ; and U.N. Relief and Works Agency for
Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
Technical and Operational Assistance to the Congo
PLUS other regional?or specialized?boards, bureaus
commissions, committees, operations, and. programs..
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INCREASING
) ja,
j
WORLD FOOD ?
SUPPLIES
Persistent malnutrition plagues two-thirds of the
world's population, including over 2 billion people
in 70 developing countries. President Johnson has
warned that "man is losing the race between the size
of population and the supply of food. Before the
peace of the world can be secure, this problem must
be solved."
To help alleviate the world food problem, the
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the
United Nations was established in 1945. FAO as-
sists countries in the development of soil and water
resources; in using improved tools and techniques
for farming, fishing, stockraising, and forestry; in
employing better methods for processing, marketing,
and conserving foods; in developing agricultural ex-
tension services and cooperatives; and in instituting
sound land reform policies. On invitation, it has
sent some 3,500 experts into 60 countries to help
with development problems.
FAO also cooperates with a multilateral program
of assistance to developing countries based on the
use of surplus foods. The joint UN/FAO World
Food Program established in 1963 has made many
positive contributions toward solving basic problems
in the developing nations. It has extended help
worth $94 million, contributed by 71 governments,
to 47 countries. Higher yielding crops have been
introduced, lands have been reclaimed, and more
than 115 development projects have been carried out
through this program. The United States has
pledged some $130 million in commodities, cash, and
shippinc, services toward the 1966-68 operations of
the World Food Program.
To encourage a truly international war against
hunger, President Johnson has pledged to strengthen
the FAO. "Hunger and want anywhere," he has
stated, are the "eternal enemies of , all mankind."
But food and population control are two sides of
a single problem which cannot be solved unless both
receive the priority attention of the world's govern-
ments.
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The Security Council,with five permanent and 10
nonpermanent members, has primary responsibility
for the maintenance of international peace and se-
curity. The Charter vests this body with the power
of enforcement.
The General Assenibi!y, consisting of all members
of the United Nations,. may make recommendations
on ar.y matters covered by the Charter.
Most members of the U.N. family of agencies are
engaged in activities directly related to economic
and social development. Not including the four
financial organizations, close to 80 percent of the
United Nations total resources during 1966 were de-
votee to such developmental activities. These activi-
ties may be grouped under throe main headings:
Aid: Technical assistance to member governments
to help improve their operations, particularly in the
fields of agrieulture, education, and health.
Trade: Efforts of many kinds---information,
conferences, ennritodity agreements---to help the
less developed natio:Rs, to become more productive
partners and to obtain a more profitanle role in in-
ternational trade.
F:nancial help: Long-term loans for economic de-
velopment; short-term assistance; special loans to
private industry in the developing nations; and
sound advice on monetary matters.
A few U.N. agencies are concerned with relief
and related humanitarian programs. 3till others, as
indicated by their names, provide useful services
which benefit all members: allocating radio fre-
quencies to assure clear communications for space
experiments as well as for safety at sea and in the
air:. keeping track of dangerous drugs and epi-
demics..; combating malaria and othe:c diseases; col-
lecting and exchanging weather information; facili-
tating the movemert of mail; fighting traffic in nar-
cotics; recon- mending safety standards and proper
working conditions in mines, mills, and factories;
working for the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
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The World Health Organization (WHO), a spe-
cialized agency of the United Nations, has as its
objective "the attainment by all peoples of the
highest level of health." With a membership of 128
countries, WHO pursues a three-fold task: (1) to
provide general worldwide services; (2) to give each
country the specific aid it requests and needs; and
(3) to encourage and coordinate international
scientific research on health problems.
WHO is conducting successful campaigns to
achieve worldwide eradication of malaria and small-
pox. It is also assisting countries throughout the
world in their efforts to control cholera, tuberculosis,
sleeping sickness, and other communicable diseases.
Special attention has been given during the past year
or so to cholera, which occurred in epidemic form in
areas hitherto free of it for many years and threat-
ened to spread westward.
High priority has been given by WHO to the
provision of adequate and safe water supplies to
the developing countries. Not only is man's health
compromised by polluted and inadequate water, but
social and industrial development is retarded. WHO
is assisting more than 70 countries to improve their
water supply systems.
Among the services for the benefit of all countries,
WHO keeps governments informed of the presence
anywhere of the quarantinable diseases such as
smallpox, cholera, plague, and yellow fever. It has
also established an international drug monitoring
program to collect, evaluate, and disseminate infor-
mation on adverse drug reactions in cooperation with
the United States and a few other governments. The
system will help avert disasters resulting from the
use of potentially dangerous drugs such as thalidom-
ide.
WHO awards more than 2,000 fellowships to
health workers for study abroad; conducts seminars
and conferences to keep health authorities abreast
of scientific developments in various fields of health
and medicine; and publishes studies on current
health problems.
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The first purpose of the United Nations, as stated
in article 1. of its charter, is "to maintain interna-
tional peace and security." To that end, the United
Nations is charged with taking the necessary meas-
ures to prevent and remove threats to the peace and
to suppress acts of aggression or other breaches of
the peace.
Over the past two decades, the United Nations has
developed a wide range of techniques and instru-
mentalities to achieve this basic purpose. During
1966 the Security Council held 70 meetings to dis-
cuss measures for resolving disputes involving threats
to the peace. ha December 1966 the Security Council
decided that the illegal, racist regime in Southern
Rhodesia constituted a. threat to interrational peace
and security and ordered all U.N. members to impose
selective economic sanctions against Rhodesia.
In some cases?Kashmir, Cyprus, and Palestine,
for example?permanent settlements are yet to be
achieved. Peacekeeping missions include:
? In the Congo from 1960-64 a U.N. peace force, at
its peak numbering more than 20,000 troops from
34 U.N. member stales, helped the central govern-
ment to restore law and order and preserve the terri-
torial integrity cf the Congo.
? fn 165 the Kashmir conflict between India and
Pakistan erupted into a full-scale war. The Security
Council demanced a cease-fire and the withdrawal
of opposing military forces. Shortly thereafter hos-
tilities ceased and, following the Tashkent agreement
in 1966, forces were withdrawn. U.N. observers
c:ontinue Ito monitor the cease-fire line.
-1) In June 1967 hostilities between the Arabs and
sraelis in the Middle East were ended after the U.N.
3ecurity Council demanded a cease-fire.
ii In Viet-Nam, the United Nations has been para-
lyzed because oS disagreement among permanent
members of the Security Council, each of which
olds a veto.
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Respect for and observance of human rights is an-
other great purpose of the United Nations. The
charter reaffirms faith in the dignity and worth of the
human person, without distinction as to race, sex,
language, and religion. It directs the Economic and
Social Council to include a Commission on Human
Rights among its advisory bodies. The Council has
also set up a Commission on the Status of Women
and a Subcommission on Discrimination and Minor-
ities.
In 1948 the General Assembly adopted the Uni-
versal Declaration of Human Rights as a common
standard of achievement for all nations and all peo-
ples. The declaration states the great principles of
freedom found in the basic law of the United States
and of many other countries?the right of everyone
to life, liberty, and equality; to justice and fair trial;
to freedom of speech, conscience, and religion; to
participation in government, fair employment, edu-
cation, and social protection; together with duties to
the community and the obligation to respect the
rights and freedoms of others. New countries enter-
ing the United Nations have incorporated provisions
from the declaration into their constitutions. The
General Assembly has designated 1968 as Interna-
tional Human Rights Year in honor of the twentieth
anniversary of the Universal Declaration.
The United Nations has adopted a number of con-
ventions through which governments can undertake
legal obligations to respect human rights. These deal
with such matters as slavery, genocide, the elimina-
tion of discrimination, freedom of association, and
equal political rights for women. In 1966 the United
Nations completed two covenants which parallel the
Universal Declaration. Many countries have ratified
human rights conventions. Several of these conven-
tions have been sent to the Senate for advice and
consent for ratification. Ambassador Goldberg has
urged ratification of human rights conventions as a
means of keeping pace internationally with the out-
standing U.S. record on domestic civil rights legis-
lation.
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rtrun0 ULM I KUL
Pi7nsident Johnson has said, "The effort to control
arid .reducc?and ultimately eliminate?modern
engines of rriclea.r destruction is fundamental to our
policy. We 'awe, with all mankind, a common interest
in acting no w to prevent nuclear spread, to halt the
unclear arms race, and reduce nuclear stocks."
In its continuing efforts to reach the goal of general
and complete disarmament under effective interna-
ticnal control, the United States actively participates
in two international disarmament groups: (1) the
U.N. Disarmament Commission (U.NDC) , composed
of al. members of the United Nations, and (2) the
Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament
(ENDC)
The Unitea States has suggested various measures
to haft the spread of nuclear weapons: (1) a com-
prehensive and adequately verified!. treaty banning
all nuclear testing; (2) a verified freeze in the pro-
duction of strategic nuclear delivery vehicles; (3)
a halt in the uroduation of fissionable materials for
weapons use and the transfer of such materials to
peaceful purposes; and (4) in connection with this
halt and transfer., the demonstrated destruction by
the United States and the Soviet Union of a substan-
tial number of nuclear weapons from the respective
stocks of each ,:;ountry.
The liost important arms control measure since
the limited test ban agreement of 1%3 is the Outer
Space Treaty. Negotiated during 1966 under U.N.
auspices and unanimously tindorsed by the General
Assembly, it prohibits: the placing of bombs in
orbit; testing or placing weapons on celestial bodies,
or building military bases there. Now under negotia-
tion is a treaty to prevent any increase in the number
of nations possessing nuclear weapons..
President Johnson has advocated strengthening
U.N. security arrangements to protect those., who
forswear nuclear weapons, and channeling the re-
sources now used in weapons development around
the i4 orld to "feeding the hungry, hea,ing the sick,
and teaching the uneducated."
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INTERNATIONAL TOURIST YEAR
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