LETTER TO MRS. CHARLOTTE MOTON HUBBARD FROM EMMETT D. ECHOLS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 88
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 25, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: October 11, 1965
• Content Type: LETTER

STATI
TL
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00 'Q1,20130003-5
te Motos /tabard
MinivKttani
airs
te
) D. C. 2052
11 OCT 1965
Nations' MI Anniversary,
particisste in this observance.
Voce plans to send a message
the President's request that ail
The posters ror International
tiara Day %ill be iipte' an
knov oi the cone?
1.
Dinzerely
is/ Ermriett D. Echois
Samett D. !Echols
Director of Personnel
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
STATINTL
is ? .- '.- ..v.:k....-.. 2 h2....:It.
is
2se:'uLe; -iii is
UNCLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DATE
ITIAL-S
1
/
C/BSD
2
3
4
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks:
Attached are:
A. Draft of the Employee Bulletin for United
Nations Day,
B. Draft of letter to Mrs. Hubbard,
C. Statement as to what United Nations Day is,
and
D. Agency plans for United Nations Day.
n'n i - ? , ( A N 4 . I )r ,
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME. ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
i
.. . 1.4
. , - 1.! 1.! 1.! : IA? " L,.. ":`" e 1.!
II ier,pre -
:_
N4 e0N- 1 A
FORM NO. 037 Use previous editions
2-61 L
(40)
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1961 0-587282
0003-5
0003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00040.0130003-5
UNTIED NATIONS DAY - litUT IT 7.13:
United Nations Day, October 24, 196,1 commemorates the
day twenty years ago when the United Nations was created in
San Itancisco.
The year 196, marks the twentieth anniversary ?tithe
it Nations and the President has asked the citizens of
this Nation to obeerve Donley, October Nis 190, as Milted
Nitt?ci Day by amens of community programs which will
dettrate their faith in the United Nations and contribute
to a feller umderstanding of its alma, preblems, and
aecompliShments.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
AGO= PLANS FOR MEM NATI= DAT
MAU Doployees Bulletin will be to draft
) Saar:gni; personnel of the world-wide observance
this Day and expressing the views of the Director in
cotirudn our enpanyees' interest in the work of the
UuLted Nations.
Posters with the President's Proc
dirplwedonthe builesintIcards to remind Army personnel
of United Nations Lay.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Re.'Rase 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375RAP0100130003-5
OMEN CE OF UNITED NAT/OS DAY
What it is: For the past several years, the State Department
has sponsored Nation-wide observance of 24 October, the
anniversary of the creation or the United Nations, as United
latioes Day. Special attention is being given to the 165
United Nations Day since it is the 20th anniversary of the
founding of the United Nations.
2. Nati9nal program: Since 1965 marks the 20th anniversary, the
President has asked the citizens of this Nation to observe this
occasion by means of community programe sohich will demonstrate
their faith in the United Nations and contribute to a fuller
undsretanding of its aims, problems, and accomplishments.
3. Army prograau For the past i-e1 years, an appropriate message
has-been distributed to Agency employees. We propose that such
aimmaage be issued by the Director to mark the 20th anniversary
sud, in addition, that posters supplied by the Department 01'
State be placed on Agency bulletin boards during the week or
16 October.
(A suggested draft of the Director's message (Tab Ai and
samples of the posters supplied by the Department (Tab B)
are attached.)
4. Report of AgFney observance: As in years past, the Agency has
been asked to report rts plans for observing this occasion. A
suggested letter for release by the Director of Personnel
is attached. (Tab C)
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R0004100130003-5
UNITED NATIONS DAY
President johnson has proclaimed Sunigy, October 24, 1965,
as United Nations Day to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the
founding of this organization which plays such a vital role
throughout the world.
This is an appropriate time for each of us to review the
four purposes for which the United Nations was founded:
20 SAVE SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS FROM THE SCOURGE
OF WAR
TO REAFFIRM FAITH IN TONDAtENTALELEAN RIGHTS AND
VHS SOVEREIGN BZUALITI OF NATIONS LARGE AND SMALL
TO ESTABLISH CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH JUSTICE AND
RESPECT FOR INTERNATIONAL LAW CAN BE MAINTMED
TO PROM SOCIAL PROGRESS AND BETTER STANDARDS
OF LIFE IN LARGER FREEDOM
The United States has joined more than 100 nations to
commemorate this 20th anniversary of United Nations. as
International Cooperation Year. You are urged to assist where-
ever possible and to attend programs planned to caArate this
occasion in your local community.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
,
Approved IReIease 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-003W0001001300woro
LIDA 65-46611
OCT
boascamimum Folk Au. RhULOTROS
SUIVICT: Mated Nadas' Day
Froanisat Mum' has proclaimed Sandsp. Ostobor 24. IOW as tinted
kihtions Day to *enumerate doe Xi aamtvecoary of the kWh* at this mum-
asks WWI pipe soak. vital M. diraigtout tho world.
UM Is an appropriate time for mit of on to review the Sur purposes
du *ha the DOW Nuke* nee beaded:
TO SATS SUOCREDDIO ORWIRATIONI FUN 3101
ICOUSLOR OF WAR
TO //AFFIRM FAITH 14 FlaiDAMENTAL HUNAN
RIMS AND TM SOVIRRION SWAIM OF NATO.
MR02 SMALL
TO WARM IXOSIMONS =Oa WHICH AST=
AI 11111111CT.7011. INTUNATIONAL LAW CAN 11111 norm=
TO MUM SOCIAL MOMS AND Ur= sweARDs
OF lin IS LAZO= FRILIDOM
The Diked Staten has Mind aim *ea LSO astleae Is mananoratlag
dna 30Ik anstretaary at the Wend Helens u latemidenal Ceoperstioa Year.
Yet see asps' te *Mit visusser pandlde sad to Mead progrirlie plemod to
celebrate ade emelan la year Weal ennmelly.
DIV'S/RC:5
Ilatyped: 0-11D/linsaq (4 Ost 61I)
OrIj - Del Oa ream to ODA)
I - RR
I DO/S Silken (iviii) 1 ?
1 - D/Pors
gned
W. F. WORN
Direelar
Cossur:
V0/5 Chem) fails)
OCT 196'5
EL
rams
Dopey INroetor
far Support
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP,85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
?
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RD
Whereas the United Nations
is dedicated to the same noble
principles that have made our.
Declaration of Independence and
our Constitution a constant bea-
con of hope and inspiration for
all mankind; and
Whereas the United Nations
has for 19 years repeatedly and
decisively proved to be an in-
creasingly effective and respected
action agency for world peace,
progress, and prosperity; and
Whereas the United Nations,
through its efforts and through
those of its specialized agencies,
has greatly heriefited the Unite4
States and each of its other mem-
bers, individually and collectively;
and
Whereas the United Nations
has kindled an ever-increasing
recognition and practice through-
out the world of those human-,
itarian principles to which this
country has long been dedicated;
and
Whereas the United National
has earned, and is entitled to re-
ceive an affirmative expression of,
the respect and recognition of this
Nation, and of each of its other
members, for its inestimable con-
tributions to international peace,
justice, and understanding; and
Whereas it is essential that
the United Nations be supported
both morally and materially,
us and by all of its other members;
and
Whereas intelligent publi(1
support of the United Nations by
the people of this Nation depends
in large measure upon a wide
dissemination to our people of
significant and accurate informa-
tion concerning the United
Nations; and
Whereas the General Assem-
bly of the United Nations has
resolved that October twenty-
fourth, the anniversary of the
coming into force of the United
Nations Charter, should be dedi-
cated each year to making known
the purposes, principles, and
accomplishments of the United
Nations:
Now, therefore, I, Lyndon
B. Johnson, President of the
United States of America, do
hereby urge the citizens of this
Nation to observe Saturday, Octo-
ber 24, 1964, as United Nations
Day by means of community pro-
grams which will demonstrate
their faith in the United Nations
and contribute to a fuller under-
standing of its aims, problems,
and accomplishments.
I also call upon the offi-
cials of the Federal and State
Governments and upon local
officials to encourage citizen
groups and agencies of the press,
radio, television, and motion pic-
tures to engage in appropriate
observance of United Nations Day
throughout the land in coopera-
tion with the United States Com-
mittee for the United Nations and
other organizations.
In witness whereof, I have
hereunto set my hand and caused
the Seal of the United States of
America to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington this thirtieth day of April in the year
of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-four, and of the Independence
of the United States of A merita the one hundred and eighty-eighth.
0100130003-5
?
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
(ri 4$01'ku
/0'041
tr8V
&grit
October 24
United Nations Day 1964
It is harder to build than to demolish.
Between the architect's vision and the last brush of paint,construction
demands careful skill and creative patience. To raze a building requires
no more than the ability to wield a pick?or explode a bomb.
Similarly, it is harder to live in peace than to die by violence.
While the demands of peace are endless and complex, violence has
a primitive simplicity about it which, even now, can influence human
behaviour. Even though it has never really settled anything it can still ap-
pear as a short-cut solution, an instant substitute for wisdom.
Nineteen years ago the architects of the United Nations Charter
showed that they understood this very clearly. When they expressed our
determination "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war"
they recognised that if the words were to have more than rhetorical value
the new world organization must differ radically from its ill-fated pre-
decessor, the League of Nations. They recognised the demands of peace.
First, that all men?all nations?are involved in them. Hence the nearly
universal membership of the United Nations. And second, that peace in-
volves the material welfare of all men. I fence the remarkable scope of
United Nations action today in economic and social development and in
the promotion and protection of human rights and freedoms.
It can be argued, of course, that even if much has been done, during
the past nineteen years, to build on this grand design, much more remains
undone. There is still violence in the world. There is still appalling poverty.
This cannot be denied.
At the same time it is worth noting that the ideas embodied in the
Charter are, in many respects, as new and fresh today as they were in San
Francisco. At that time they were unprecedented and man, with all his
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013 003-5
great qualities, does not have a reputation for accepting change with
alauity?even when the new direction is clearly to his advantage, and
even when the old direction clearly leads to universal self-destruction.
The new ideas, hoWever, are on the table and the changes are abroad.
In the face of them reluCtance must eventually be replaced by acceptance,
and apprehension by confidence in our ability to live together?not
through any suffocating discipline of uniformity, but in tolerant coop ra-
live diversity.
Early this year one of a series of Dag Hammarskjold Memo ial
Lectures was delivered by his successor as Secretary General of he
United Nations, U Thant. This was his concluding thought: "Two w rid
wars were fought to make the world safe for democracy. The war we h ve
to wage ::oday has only one goal, and that is to make the world safe for
diversity The concept of peaceful co-existence has been criticized by
many who do not see the need to make the world safe for diversit I
wonder if they have ever paused to ask themselves the question: wha is
the alternative to co-existence? The world is inhabited by over th -ee
billion human beings, and yet the fingerprint experts tell us that no t o
human b'.!ings have identical fingerprints. Human beings come in all si es
and shapes and in a variety of colours. This rich diversity is matched by
an equal diVersity in regard to religious beliefs and political ideolog es.
We are thrown together on this planet and we have to live together. That
is why the Charter imposes the imperative on all human beings to prac ise
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbo rs.
To my mind tnis is the: simplest definition of peaceful co-existence.
Looking ahead I hope we may be imbued with this spirit of tolera ce.
If all human beings, and nations large and small, were to be moved by his
!piri.t we can indeed make the world safe for diversity, and for posterit "
As it begins its twentieth year the United Nations remains, as it as
at its birh, man's most effective instrument so far for the attainment of
this goal.
Litho in U.N. 05780-May 19647200M
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R0001SadyttyReview
JUNE 15, 193
By Arthur Larson
What Every U.N. Critic Should Know
CPYRGHT
The organization's recent record shows conclusively that "the United States
and the United Nations are both working toward the same kind of world."
ANEW era has opened in the his-
tory of the United Nations?an era
in which the emphasis should be
on realizing its potential rather than
merely assuring its survival.
Symptomatic of the earlier period
were the opening words of my two
articles that appeared in these pages
last year (February 24 and April 28):
"The crisis of confidence in the United
Nations . . .," and "The time of trou-
bles through which the United Nations
is now passing . . ."
Of course, the United Nations still
has plenty of troubles. But it is no
longer necessary to approach a discus-
sion of U.N. affairs in an atmosphere
of imminent disaster to the organization.
Let us look at some of the specific
evidences of this change within the past
two years:
THE CONGO: Eighteen months ago
many people feared the United Nations
would fail in the Congo and that the
burden of the effort and of the failure
would be the beginning of the end for
the organization. Today the U.N. is in
control of the situation, has freedom of
movement throughout the Congo, and
is proceeding with an orderly transfer
of responsibility to the Congolese Gov-
ernment.
Indeed, the principal milestone mark-
ing the U.N.'s new era was the peaceful
occupation of Kolwezi in Katanga prov-
ince by United Nations troops early
this year. This event signaled the end
of the acute military phase in the Con-
go. It demonstrated that the United
Nations could put an army into the
field in support of its peace-keeping
objectives, and, using its own resources
and command, deal with a threat to
the peace under almost indescribable
difficulties. This event demonstrated, for
all to see, that the U.N. could indeed
take effective action in a situation
in whiCh all the major powers consid-
ered themselves to have an interest,
despite the fact that every great power
except one, the United States, was in
some degree opposed to the action. The
difficulties in the Congo are not over, sibility that this spark might set off the
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375
but they are now of a different char-
acter. They involve the process of "na-
tion-building," with the U.N. continu-
ing to play a major role in coordinating
the strengthening of internal security
resources as well as economic develop-
ment.
FINANCES: Eighteen months ago the
U.N. was literally bankrupt and there
was genuine concern that the U.S.
Congress might deal virtually a finan-
cial death blow to the organization by
an adverse vote on the U.N. bond issue.
Today, although the financial plight of
the United Nations is still very serious,
the bond issue has been adopted and
reasonably well subscribed, and danger
of imminent collapse has been averted.
Prospects of a solution have been aided
in the meantime by the advisory opin-
ion of the International Court of Justice
holding the assessments for the Congo
and Middle East actions to be binding
on all members in the same way as the
regular budget assessments are; this
opinion has been adopted by the Gen-
eral Assembly.
THE SECRETARY-GENERALSIIIP: At the
period of the U.N.'s deepest crisis we
saw the death of Dag Hammarskjold,
the repeated statement by the Soviet
Union that it would demand a "troika,"
or three-man committee, and would re-
fuse to accept any single Secretary-
General, and the resultant prospect that
the U.N. would thereafter be forever
paralyzed by a hamstrung committee
or, at best, by a weak and cautious
successor to Hammarskjold. Today we
see the Secretary-Generalship being
handled with a superb combination of
imagination, courage, initiative, pa-
tience, and tact by Secretary-General
U Thant, ably assisted by such first-rate
international public servants as Ralph
Bunche and C. V. Narasimhan.
WEST NEW GUINEA: During the crisis
period, active hostilities were in prog-
ress between Indonesia and the Neth-
erlands, with the always imminent pos-
explosive Southeast Asia situation. To-
day, thanks to the creative courage of U
Thant and the skilful diplomacy of
Ellsworth Bunker, we have seen a U.N.
regime exercise actual transitional poli-
tical administration over this region,
supported by a U.N. armed force of
1,000 Pakistani troops, under an agree-
ment between Indonesia and the Neth-
erlands.
COMMUNIST CIIINA: At one time it was
widely thought that, because of the
increasing votes in apparent favor of
seating Communist China in the Gen-
eral Assembly, this seating would soon
be a reality. In the last General Assem-
bly, however, the relative vote against
the seating of Communist China actu-
ally increased for the first time, the
increase being largely due to the new
African members. This change, which
reflected a realization that the prob-
lem was much more complex than
had previously been realized and that
it particularly required greater atten-
tion to the impact on Nationalist China,
in the form of irreversible expulsion,
contained a reassuring reminder, if any
was needed, that the General Assem-
bly, enlarged as it is, does not stam-
pede blindly on such issues as this but
considers them on their merits.
The change in the United Nations
story from a period of crisis to a period
of confidence is mirrored in the change
in attitude toward the organization on
the part of its friends and detractors
alike.
It seems as though it was only yester-
day that the main theme of the U.N.'s
enemies was that the organization was
too weak to be respected. Today the
main theme of these enemies is that the
U.N. is too strong to be trusted.
As for its friends, during the crisis
period many of them found themselves
saying, "It may not be very good, but
it is all we have; at least it is a place
where you can talk." Today this half-
apologetic air is out of place, and the
U.N.'s friends can point with renewed
r4r00e01t001t30r6635 achievements
CPYRGHT
against severe odds.Approved For Relekapelul0(019/3108erieliPARDP85000379110001001401003)E5
Another group. may also have reason
to reconsider its attitude. During the
crisis period, a number of people, such
as Senator :Fulbright and Senator Jack-
son, were Saying that, since the United
Nations had run into so many difficul-
ties and was filled with such diverse
interests, the United States should shift
its enwhasis to a "concert of like-mind-
ed nations " beginning with the Atlantic
community. One wonders whether Sen-
ators Fulbright and Jackson are not now
asking each other who started this busi-
ness of referring to de Gaulle as 'like-
minded,"
IN THE period just ahead, the U.N.'s
main problem is the financing of past
and future special peacekeeping activi-
ties. As to the past, the difficulty lies
in the continued failure of some mem-
bers, notably those of the Communist
bloc, to pay their assessments for the
Congo and Middle East activities. For
the future, the concern centers around
the failure of the U.N.'s special com-
mittee on financing or the current spe-
cial session of the General Assembly (at
this writing) to produce a workable
and acceptable plan for the financing
of future Congo-type operations.
The purpose here is not to discuss
this financial problem, but rather to
emphasize that a satisfactory solution
may Ultimately depend on a realization
by the American public that, quite
apart from any idealistic or world-mind-
ed approach, a healthy and effective
United Nations is in line with the most
cold-blooded, hard-headed, practical
Amenican national interest.
If Americans really understand and
believe this, they obviously will not al-
low this national self-interest to be
impaired by the financial strangulation
of the U.N., and such statements as "If
the Russians won't pay, why should
we?"' will Clearly be seen to be absurd.
This is not, to say that the United States
sluinld go to the opposite extreme and
magnanimously pick up any unpaid tab
in sight?Which it could easily do with-
out hardship. But such open-handed-
ness would be bad for many reasons: it
would crehte the impression that the
United States owns the U.N.; it would
encourage fiscal irresponsibility in other
members; and it would postpone the
achievement of a sound long-range solu-
tion,' which is the goal of the current
special session of the General Assembly.
The most straightforward way to
analyze the relation of the U.N. to
American self-interest in terms of de-
rnonStrahle fact rather than opinion is
to begin With an objective reckoning of
the United States "batting average in
favorable U.N. actions.
A compilation of actions with signi-
ficant substantive content taken by
sixteenth year or t e YR s ber, 1 62, rea rming
Unite
either the Securityemill drug
n eleaftlIdiY08p8"PdlegREMS-130-37511)649611
that there were sixty-two such resolu-
tions. The United States abstained in
four votes. As for the remaining fifty-
eight, the United States was with the
successful majority on fifty-five votes.
It was On the losing side in only three.
One of the three was concerned with
appointing a new committee to investi-
gate the West New Guinea problem.
The United States was on the side of
a simple majority, but the question
happened to be one requiring a two-
thirds Vote, The other two votes con-
cerned Assembly resolutions calling for
cessation of nuclear testing and ban-
ning of nuclear weapons without what
the United States considered adequate
controls. At the same time, the United
States Was with the majority on the
generaf resolution calling for a renewal
of talks on a nuclear test ban with
adequate controls.
As to the Seventeenth General As-
seinbly Ambassador Adlai Stevenson re-
ported to the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee on March 13, 1963, that
"the U.S. view was the majority view in
over 80 per cent of the key votes cast
in committees and in the full Assembly.
On several issues we abstained, and on
two extreme resolutions recommending
sanctions against member states we
voted against the majority."
Similarly, the official report of Sena-
tors Gore and Allott to the Senate Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations and Com-
mittee on Appropriations stated:
The results of the Seventeenth Session
of the General Assembly, judged in
terms of our national interests, were
relatively favorable. The United States
maintained its record of never having
lost a U.N. vote of vital importance
to' its security interests.
By contrast, just as the United States
has never lost on a major issue, the
Soviet Union has never won on a major
resolution which it has introduced and
which the United States has opposed.
On the contrary, the record shows a
monotonous series of defeats, rebuffs,
censures, and condemnations aimed at
the Soviet Union. The following is a
partial list, taken from the last two ses-
sions, and leaving out of account such
dramatic earlier anti-Communist actions
as the authorization and extension of
the United Nations action in Korea:
01-The resolution of October, 1961,
against the fifty-megaton bomb.
The December, 1961, resolution
against' practices depriving the people
of Tibet of their rights and freedoms.
Ilw-The resolution of December, 1962,
similar to many earlier resolutions,
against l the continued thwarting of
United Nations objectives in Korea.
0-The September, 1960, resolution re-
jecting the Soviet Union's attack on
Hammarskjold
hand in the C
110-The Cuba
15, 1962, over
resolution calli
to end alleged
'The resolu
on refugees fro
Hong Kong.
10-The Dece
expropriation,
shall be paid a
in accordance
and rejecting
that would ha
propriation ab
PI' The Dec
accepting the
International
of the Congo
tions are "exp
tion" binding
'-The rejec
Communist C
sembly by an
0-The ove
Soviet deman
mittee or "troi
retary-General
single non-Co
ing the Soviet
Indeed, th
cesses and Communist defeats on resol-
and strengthenir g his
ngo.
resolution of February
whelmingly rejec ting a
on the United States
interference in Cuba.
ion of December, 1962,
n Communist China in
her, 1962, resolution on
ii roviding that the owner
? propriate compensation
with international law,
the Soviet amendment
e made the right to ex-
lute.
nber, 1962, resolution
dvisory opinion of the
ourt holding that costs
?nd Middle East opera-
nses of the Organiza-
a members.
ion of the seating of
Ma in the General As-
'ncreased vote.
helming rejection of the
for a three-man com-
a" in place of the Sec-
without so much as a
munist country support-
position.
record of American suc-
utions where
ed is so co
creating a n
inability of s
the failure of
its way eve
minor point.
the uproar o
Nations Spec
periment in
Through ou
cial Fund, 9
spent by the
that the Uni
The remaini
has gone to
tish North B
pore?all cou
tainly not ob'ectionable from the Uni-
ted States p
countries rec
Special Fun
China, South
?countries t
ceived such
by such cou
were to be
total amount
Fund in thi
years has be
$250 million.
their interests have clash-
istent that it is almost
w kind of problem?the
me Americans to accept
the United State; to get
on an infrequent and
good example of this is
er the proposed United
al Fund Agricultural Ex-
uba.
the history of the Spe-
per cent of the money
und has gone to countries
ed States is also aiding.
g 3 per cent, until now,
alaya, Saudi Arabia, Bri-
rneo, Malta, and Singa-
tries for which aid is cer-
int of view. Among the
iving aid from the U.N.
have been Nationalist
Korea, and South Vietnam
at would hardly :lave re-
aid if political objections
tries as the Soviet Union
taken into account. The
laid out by the Special
way over the past four
n something in excess of
()Meg involves sending
xpEifs, none of them Am-
C I 0
ations ve ?reign
CPYRGHT
ericans to Cuba foAgprootted F fte letise1201408108 :TibtfikFtticitscedB751ReoThylme leabe_Fminder that we
now says: "Absolutely not! I contribute
40 per cent. Therefore I would be con-
tributing two-fifths of the $500, or $200
?and I do not like the baseball coach
and I refuse!"
Would not the baseball coach be
entitled to say: "And what about the
$2,000 I brought in, and from which
I have received nothing?"
One can take this position and still
say that, as an American, one feels that
the proposed Cuba project is unfortu-
nate and that one would be happier if
it had never come along. But as an
American one must also place high
value on our national honor and in-
tegrity. The United States solemnly
agreed that political considerations
would play no part whatsoever in the
dispensation of aid under the Special
Fund program; and the value of keep-
ing our word greatly outweighs the
trivial effect that this project might have
on American interests in relation to
Cuba. It is interesting that the burden
of maintaining the nonpolitical char-
acter of the fund has fallen on the
shoulders of an American, Paul Hoff-
man, the managing director of the
fund. It is to the eternal credit of this
courageous man, who already has
amassed an exceptional record of pub-
lic service, that he has adhered un-
waveringly to this principle, in spite of
what must have been unusually trying
pressures from his fellow Americans.
The record of specific United Nations
actions almost uniformly favorable to
the American position provides a quick
and objective index of the relation of
American self-interest to the U.N. It is
even more important, however, to ex-
gin a study of how Cuba could diversify
its agriculture. The total amount to be
used in this way is $1,157,600, or less
than 0.5 per cent of the expenditures
authorized by the Special Fund so far.
As everybody realizes, no American dol-
lars will be used in this project. This,
however, is quite properly not the end
of the matter. There is also the question
whether it can be said that the Amer-
ican contribution to the Special Fund
is indirectly going into Cuba. There is
a simple way of answering this ques-
tion. The answer depends on whether
Communist countries are already re-
ceiving out of the Special Fund more
than they put into it. The figures are
as follows:
Payments into or pledges
to the Special Fund by
Communist countries
Receipts by or commit-
ments to Communist
countries from the Spe-
cial Fund (Yugoslavia,
Poland, and now Cuba) $5,612,600
This means that, even counting the
proposed Cuba project, the Commu-
nist countries will have taken out of
the fund $2,500,000 less than they have
put in. They thus have an "unfavorable
balance of payments," so far as that
fund is concerned. Since the critics of
this action themselves insist on a divi-
sion between the Communist and non-
Communist relation to the fund, this
should apply to input as well as outgo.
It follows that the $1,000,000 going into
Cuba must be thought of as coming
from the $8,000,000 contributed by
Communist countries and still far from
used up. As a matter of fact, since the
Communist countries have put into the
fund more than they have taken out,
they could with even better logic argue
that Communist funds are in fact in-
directly going into Nationalist China,
South Korea, and South Vietnam.
$8,228,225
AS small as this item is, there are
indications that it will form the excuse
for a variety of damaging amendments
in Congress aimed at the United Na-
tions appropriation. One type of falla-
cious argument frequently heard is that,
since the United States has contributed
roughly 40 per cent of the Special
Fund, we must therefore consider that
the United States is furnishing 40 per
cent of the cost of the Cuba project.
Suppose that a baseball coach and a
football coach at a university are en-
gaged in a feud. Let us suppose that
football, brings in $40,000 a year to the
university, basketball $40,000, other
sports $20,000, and baseball $2,000. Up
until this time all of the money from
this athletic fund has been spent on
the football field and gymnasium. One
amine the relation between the U.S.'s
long-range objectives as a nation and
the contribution of the U.N. The best
way to put the matter is this: What
kind of a world does the U.S. want to
see? The second question is: Does the
U.N. help bring us nearer to that kind
of world?
The matter may also be approached
by posing the related question: What
kind of world does Communism want
to see??followed by the same sequel:
Does the United Nations help or hinder
Communism in bringing about that
kind of world?
The answer to the question of Amer-
ican goals is plain: We want to see a
world of independent nations, free from
domination by any power or bloc, and
free to work out their own national
destinies within their dissimilar politi-
cal, economic, and social systems.
A mere recital of this objective should
be enough to indicate that precisely
the same objective is obviously that of
each of the new countries now making
up a large part of U.N. membership.
When people worry, therefore, about
are all on t e sa Side, so far as the
central question of national freedom is
concerned.
By contrast, it is the American con-
tention that the Soviet Union aims for
the kind of world in which all these
newer countries, and everyone else,
would be reduced to the status of Com-
munist satellites, under the thumb of
international Communist control from
Moscow.
TAKING this as the Communist goal,
can anyone in his right mind suppose
that the new countries are going to side
with Communism in bringing about
this kind of world? We need to remind
ourselves that Americans have no mo-
nopoly on love for national indepen-
dence. In many of the newer countries,
the present national leaders have gone
from colonial jails to chancelleries with-
in a few years, and do not need to be
put to school by us on .the beauties of
freedom and the ugliness of servitude.
Not many years ago, I sat at a luncheon
table in Blair House with the president
of one of the newer countries and his
top cabinet officers. As the talk went
round the table, it suddenly dawned
upon us all that every member of that
new government group had been in a
colonial jail within the preceding two
years. Would it not have come with
poor grace from some American to wag
his finger at these officials and say,
"Now remember, don't go and sell out
your independence to international
Communism."
When the history of this period
comes to be written, it may well be
said that the greatest achievement of
the United Nations during its first
seventeen years was the final frustra-
tion of the master plan of Communist
world domination. Most of the people
who preach about Communist plans for
world domination appear to be com-
pletely ignorant of what the real plan
has been. They still talk about Marxism,
but the actual fact is that the Marxist
formula 'was abandoned long ago.
Marx's idea was that the downfall of
capitalism would begin in the highly
industrialized countries, such as Eng-
land and Germany, resulting from?of
all things?overproduction. He predict-
ed that the rich would get richer and
the poor poorer, with maldistribution
of this overproduction, until the intol-
erable situation would lead to a take-
over of the existing industrial establish-
ment by the proletariat through
revolution.
EVEN before Marx's death, and cer-
tainly by the time of the Russian revolu-
tion, it was abundantly evident that
this pattern was not to work out. Be-
cause of the increased strength of labor
whether American national interests through labor organizations, plus gov-
day the baseballApptomedtfe4FORetteasee20010t8/68 tIGIRIgAID13'86420P5R00011404390013-i5 the form of social
repair the backstop fence and sew up General Assembly membership, the and labor legislation, plus the en-
lightened good senmtraav6drimillimeie
M seeing the advaiffEges a improYee
working Conditions and increased work-.
or purchasing power, the position of
the vvorker was dramatically improved
in the very industrialized countries
that were supposed to collapse, and, of
course, eyen more dramatically in the
United States.
All of this called for a radical re-
vision of Communist theory and strate-
gy. The I theoretical problem was to
explain hbw werkers in these countries
could have improved their lot so richly
at the exact time when Marx decreed
that they shouldbe descending into in-
tolerable poverty. The answer supplied
by Lenin gives the clue to the corre-
sponding revision in Communist world
strategy. Lenin's explanation was that
the workers, as well as the employers,
were prospering at the expense of the
colonial peoples, whose riches were be-
ing exploited and stolen to the benefit
of both employers and workers in the
industrial countries. (This idea, which
can be shown to be economically ridic-
ulous, is nevertheless still poisoning the
attitudes of newly developing countries
toward the private investment they so
desperately need.)
As to strategy, Lenin in effect re-
versed Marx, and, since the industrial
countries Would not obediently fall in
line with the Marxian prophecy by fur-
nishing Communist revolutions, Lenin
ordained that the Communist revolu-
tion must come by way of the under-
developed and colonial areas. Interna-
tional Communism was to ally itself
with the peoples of non-indepe:ndent
areas, so that the grand design was to
become a Showdown between the Com-
munists, shoulder to shoulder with the
non-independent races and peoples, on
the one hand, and the imperialist
11
lsigra Tiqtftaa Qgtlt MTV
irresistible force would break up the
colonial empires, and he shrewdly
planned to carry Communism to world
power by associating it with this gi-
gantic force. However, just as the Marx-
ian formula was wrecked by events, so
the Leninist formula has been wrecked
under the auspices of the U.N. Since
the end of World War II, dozens of
former colonial dependencies have
achieved independent nationhood un-
der the umbrella of the United Nations
Charter. Of course, changes in policy
by some of the colonial powers have
figured prominently in this develop-
ment. But, on the whole, it is fair to
say that the U.N. took over the role of
patron of the independence movement,
and in the process deprived interna-
tional Communism of its last chance
to carry out the Leninist strategy.
The Katanga episode can be under-
stood only in the light of this global
Communist strategy. It does not seem
to be generally appreciated that the
Congo crisis was international Corn-
munisn-i's "last best hope" for a show-
down of the Leninist type. If one traces
a line on the map along the northern
border of Angola, followed by the bor-
der bet ween Katanga province and the
rest of the Congo, and finally along
the southern border of Tanganyika, one
has traced a dividing line across the
heart Of Africa, which is roughly the
watershed separating the portion of Afri-
ca to the north that in 1960 was mostly
under black control, and the portion to
the smith which was mostly under white
control To the north are all the newly
independent countries such as Ghana,
Nigeria, Guinea, and the various former
French colonial colonies. To the south
are the Portuguese colonies of Angola
t e nion o
The line be
of the Con
order, from
view, for a
cans backe
imperialists.
If there h
it is hard to
of Communi
avoided. W
Congo short
Congolese
to the Unit
Union for m
the Belgians
CPYRGH I
..5Southern Rhodesia,
outh Africa, and so on.
een Katanga and the rest
o, therefore, was made to
the Communist point of
eninist showdown of Afri-
by Russians against the
d been no United Nations,
see how this working out
t strategy could have been
en chaos broke out in the
y after independence, the
vernment appealed both
States and to the Soviet
litary help, mainly against
The Russians promptly
placed 100 Russian trucks and ten Rus-
sian planes,
the disposal
Eisenhower,
be drawn int
Congolese G
the United
Government
United Natio
sistance, and
known. A col
in the opinio
ment officials
as well as personnel, at
of Lumumba. :?resident
owever, wisely refused to
this trap, and said to the
vernment: "Do it through
ations." The Congolese
en expressly invited the
to dispatch military as-
e rest of the story is well
war confrontation, which
of the highest govern-
could well have led to
World War II, was averted. Soviet
personnel wer
munist hope
was shattered
expelled, and the Corn-
or a Leninist shawdown.
If America s really believe, then,
what they say about American national
objectives, an if they really believe
what they sa about the objectives of
Communism, it is perfectly clear that
American nat onal interest requires fi-
nancial, politi al, and moral support of
the United N
pany with th
Nations mem
and the Unit
toward the sa
tions, because, na corn-
vast majority of United
ers, the United States
d Nations are working
e kind of world.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Reprinted with permission from SATURDAY REVIEW, Juu
SATURDAY REVIEW, INC.
By the UNITED STATES COMMITTEE FOR THE UNITED
Single copy 14; 10 copies, 514; 100 copies, $3.00.
To order additional copies and a free list of UN Publications, wr
U. S. Committee for the UN, 375 Park A.venue, New York 22, N.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
15, 1963
ATIONS.
te to the
Y.
003-5
ApprovedM.
PUBLIC,ATIONS
TEMAi.
Oil the
UNITED NATIONS
UNITED STATES COMMITTEE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS
375 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. 10022
PUBLICATIONS LIST - SPRING 1964
U.S. COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS
LEADERS GUIDE: For Individual and Community
Action?How to plan and organize UN Day and
year 'round programs. 1963-4. 1 copy free; add.
copies 100 ea.
UN IN ACTION?Facts every American should know
about the UN. 1 copy free; additional copies
20 ea.; 100/$1.50; 1000/$15.00.
FACTS FOR FALLACIES ? Authoritative answers to
questions and criticisms; suggests discussion
topics, action projects. Rev. ed. 1963. 150 ea.;
100/$10.00
PRAYERS FOR THE UN ? Prayers and Graces by
Catholic. Protestant and Jewish leaders. 1 copy
free; add, copies 50 ea.; 25/$1.00.
UN SCHOOL LEAFLET ? Wall map of the world;
teaching notes on UN and its work for Human
Rights. 100.
TEACHERS KIT ? Includes UN School Leaflet and
other basic materials for classroom use. 250.
SCHOOL KIT?Modified kit of materials for student
use. 100.
UN STUDY KIT?For clubs, high school and college
use. UN study guides and related informational
material. $1.00.
SPEAKERS KIT?Comprehensive background mate-
rial and current speech reprints for the speaker.
$1.00.
0130003-5
OTHER RECOMMENDED PAMPHLETS
UNITED NATIONS ? GENERAL
WHAT EVERY UN CRITIC SHOULD KNOW ? Arthur
Larson. Reprint from Saturday Review; answers
attacks against the UN. 100 ea.; 10-99 copies,
50 ea.; 100 or more, 34 as.
THE UNITED NATIONS: WHAT IT IS. . . WHAT IT
DOES... HOW IT WORKS?Description of UN
structure and work. UN, 1963. 150.
BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE UN?Concise, readable,
factual handbook on UN structure and aims.
UN, 1963. 250.
YOU 'N U.N,?In easy to understand scriptography.
Channing Bete, 1964. 250 ea.; 5 copies or more,
104 ea.
POCKET REFERENCE ON THE UN?Precise, authori-
tative information. League of Women Voters,
1963-1964, 50.
UN LEAFLET SERIES-4-page leaflets on: UN Eco-
nomic and Social Council; UN and the Status
of Women; UN Membership; UN Secretariat.
50 ea.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 21001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013 003-5
THE UNITED NATIONS: WHAT YOU SHOUI.D KNOW
ABOUT IT? Jean S. Picker and Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt?Lively, illustrated text telling the UN
story. UN, Rev. ed. 1964. 40g.
THE UN: WHO NEEDS IT? ? Basic insight into the
functions and purposes of the UN. Especially
written to, help counter-act current fallacies
concerning the UN. Includes voting tables.
1964. 50v.,
THE UNITED NATIONS AND HOW IT WORKS?David
Cushman Cciyle. Full practical insight intc struc-
ture and Work of UN. New American Library,
1962. 60g.
YOUR UNITED INATIONS--Illustrated guide .g UN
Headquarters with descriptions of work and
structure of the UN. $1.00.
EMBASSY EXTRAORDINARY ? John McVane. Illus-
trated account of the functions of the U.S. Mis-
sion to the ,IUN. Public Affairs, 1961. 25g.
THE US AND THE UN; PARNTERS FOR PEACE ?
Alexander Uhl. Excellent analysis of UN
strengths and weaknesses in view of current
riticisms. public Affairs, 1962. $1.00.
GUICE TO THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
? Interpretation of the articles of the Charter.
UN, 1962. 25g.
CHAFITER OF THE UN-10v.
UNITED NATIONS CURRENT ISSUES AND TOPICS
THE 18TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY?Summary cif reso-
I itions passed and U.S. policy positions on
them. Conference Group. 15g.
ISSUES BEFORE THE 18TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY?
E ackground information and review of past de-
cisions on ,current issues. Carnegie, 1963.
$1.00.
THE TROIKA AND THE FUTURE OF THE UN?Sidney
Bailey?A study of the office of the Secretary-
General; Carnegie, 1962. 350.
THE UN SECRETARY-GENERAL: HIS ROLE IN
WORLD POLITICS?Commission to Study the
Organization of Peace. 1962. 750.
THE LIN AND THE. USE OF FORCE ? lnis Claude.
Discussion of peace-keeping role of the UN.
Carnegie, 1961. 35v
ARMS INSPECTION ? Lawrene S. Finkelstein. Full
discussion of this important aspect of disarm-
ament. Carnegie. 1962. 35v.
FINANCING THE UN ? John Stoessinger ? Basic
study on the problems of UN financing; Car-
negie. 1961. 350.
COMMUNIST CHINA IN THE WORLD COMMUNITY
? H. Arthur Steiner. Carnegie, 1961, 350.
THE UN AND THE NON-ALIGNED NATIONS?Francis
0. Wilcox. Discussion of the impact of the new
Afro-Asian nations on the development of the
UN. Foreign Policy Assn., 1962. 50g.
THE PORTUGUESE TERRITORIES AND THE UNITED
NATIONS Patricia Wohlgemutti. A thorotigh
analysis of one of the burning issue l_b_
Approved For Reltgage)20044043108 isgifiseKDP5 qfpre_5-00375R001110013 003-5
Approved F2figordsgoipougpop ? RA-FDP85-00375R0 0100130003-5
? dite y orman .
Padelford and Rupert Emerson. A look at Afri-
can politics and the role of these new nations
in the UN. Frederick A. Praeger, 1963. $1.75.
THE WORLD COURT: WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT
WORKS?Arab. Shabtai Rosenne. Oceana, 1962.
$6.00.
HAMMARSKJOLD: A PICTORIAL BIOGRAPHY?Sten
Soderberg. Striking pictures, fascinating text
by a famous author and family friend. Viking,
1962. $5.95.
DAG HAMMARSKJOLD: SERVANT OF PEACE?Edited
by Wilder Foote. Excerpts from his speeches
covering his major decisions and political
philosophy. Harper & Row, 1962. $6.00.
DAG HAMMARSKJOLD: CUSTODIAN OF THE
BRUSHFIRE PEACE?Joseph P. Lash. Vital, ac-
curate, inspiring. Doubleday, 1961. $4.50.
THE RICH NATIONS AND THE POOR NATIONS ?
Barbara Ward. Facts and perspectives on the
rationale of bi-lateral and multi-lateral eco-
nomic aid. W. W. Norton, 1962. Paper, $1.00;
Cloth, $3.75.
Return This Form To The
U. S. COMMITTEE FOR THE
UNITED NATIONS
375 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022
A SERVICE CHARGE OF 50? MUST AC-
COMPANY ORDERS FOR FREE MATERIALS.
ORDERS UNDER $2.00 MUST BE PREPAID.
ORDERS EXCEEDING 20 POUNDS WILL
BE SHIPPED RAILWAY EXPRESS COLLECT.
The United States Committee for the United
Nations is a non-profit, privately supported citi-
zens' organization whose chairman is appointed
annually by the President of the United States.
Any contribution toward the work of the Commit-
tee will be greatly appreciated and is tax deducti-
ble.
NAME
ORG
STREET
CITY STATE ZIP
ENCLOSED (Check or Money Order preferred) $
SPRING 1964
ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATIONS
LIST FREE OF CHARGE
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP8540325 000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013 1,003.5
? THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ? UN,
? 1962. 250.
THE INTERNATIONAL COURT AND WORLD CRISIS
?.Julius Stone. Carnegie, 1962. 350.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IN BRIEF?UN. 50.
UN PROGRAMS OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE?Illus-
trated description of UN economic and social
work in, underdeveloped areas. UN, 3.962. 250.
ADVENTURE IN DEVELOPMENT?UN technical aid
programs described, illustrated. UN, 1962. 250.
YOU AND WORLD TENSIONS?Discussion and pro-
gram guide on basic tensions as related to
economic underdevelopment. Includes graphs,
Illustrations. Junior Chamber int'l., 1963. $1.00.
FOR HUMAN WELFARE?Discussion guide on work
of Economic and Social Council, study topics
and activities. UN, 1962. 250.
FOCUS ON WORLD POPULATION ? INTERCOM ?
Background information and full list of re-
sources regarding one of the pressing Issues
of our times. Foreign Policy Assn., 1964. $1.00.
THE: WORLD'S WAR ON WANT ? Kathleen Mc-
Laughlin. Technical Assistance success stories.
Oceans, 1962. $1.00.
GROWING UP WITH UNICEF?Ritchie Calder. The
story of UNICEF., Public Affairs, 1951. 250.
REFUGEE KIT?Includes pamphlets on the work of
UNHCR, and UNRWA and other related mate-
rials. $1.00.
FROM DEPENDENCE TO FREEDOM ? Story of the
Trusteeship system. UN, 1963. 250.
THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE STATUS OF
WOMEN?UN efforts and discussions regarding
the status of women. UN, 1961. 2513.
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
? 50 ea.; 5 or more, 20 as.
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS: A STANDARD OF ACHIEVEMENT ?
Discussion of the Declaration and its applica-
tion. UN, 1963. 250.
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD-50.
HUMAN RIGHTS: THE DIGNITY OF MAN?Excellent
study guide on the meaning of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights; suggests com-
munity Human Rights Day celebrations.
Oceana, 1963. 5,00.
HUMAN RIGHTS KIT?Includes above Human Rights
booklets and additional materials for club and
classroom use. $1.00.
UNITED NATIONS WORK FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ?
History of UN efforts. UN, 1962. 250.
THE GREAT QUESTION?Community discussion and
action guide on the UN and Humen Rights.
1963. 50it.
POSTERS? DISPLAYS. AND DECORATIONS
UN AND RELATED AGENCIES?Structure chart. 150.
UN VIEWS-5 full color pictures 11" x14". $1.25
Approved For Releasee2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013 ii 003-5
Approved ForTptekmo arq:up?o?N. gi4-ag15-oo375R000i 00130003-5
? aula
Schlining ? Beautiful illustrated presentation
of the work and structure of the UN and its
Specialized Agencies with biographic sketches
of UN leaders. Ages 8-12. Lathrop, Lee &
Shepard, 1962. $3.50.
THE STORY OF THE UNITED NATIONS?Katharine
Savage?An up-to-date look at the UN in all its
aspects; well illustrated and written especially
for the 12-16 year old. Henry Z. Walck, 1962.
$4.00.
BOOKSHELF SELECTIONS
EVERYMAN'S UNITED NATIONS?An indispensable
reference work. UN, 1964. Paper, $1.95; Cloth,
$5.00.
LOOKING OUTWARD: Years of Crises at the United
Nations?Adlai E. Stevenson. A collection of re-
cent speeches and papers as U.S. Representa-
tive to the UN, discussing U.S.-UN relations.
Preface by President Kennedy. Harper & Row,
Nov. 1963. $5.00.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE INTERNATIONAL COM-
MUNITY?Dr. Egon Schwelb. A historical survey
of the roots and growth of the Universal Decla-
ration of Human Rights, 1948-1963. Anti-
Defamation League, 1964. Paper, $1.45; Cloth,
$3.50.
UNITED NATIONS, NEW YORK ? Dorothy Sterling.
Illustrated description of the UN Secretariat
and its work. Doubleday, 1961. Paper, $1.50;
Cloth, $2.50.
WORLD WITHOUT WANT?Paul G. Hoffman. World-
wide problems of hunger, poverty, disease and
illiteracy, and efforts to solve them. Well illus-
trated. Harper & Row, 1962. $3.50.
PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED NATIONS ?
Jacob A. Rubin. Complete history of the UN in
pictures and text. 600 photos. A. S. Barnes,
1963. $7.50.
WORKSHOPS FOR THE WORLD?Graham Beckel.
Illustrated high school age text on the work of
the Specialized Agencies. Abele rd-Schuman,
1962. $4.95.
SHAPING OUR TIMES: WHAT THE UN IS AND DOES?
Harold Courlander. Basic text on work and
structure of the UN. Oceans, 1962. Paper,
$1.75; Cloth, $3.50.
PEACE-KEEPING BY UN FORCES: FROM SUEZ TO
THE CONGO ? Arthur Lee Burns and Nina
Heathcote. Examination of peace-keeping ma-
chinery of the UN. Frederick A. Praeger, 1963.
$6.00.
UNITED NATIONS: PIETY, MYTH AND TRUTH ?
Andrew Boyd. A factual appraisal of the UN in
answer to current criticisms. Penguin, 1962.
85C.
UNITED NATIONS: STRUCTURE FOR PEACE ? Er-
nest A. Gross. Stimulating interpretation of
where the UN is today and its future prospects.
Harper & Bros., 1962. Paper, $1.25; Cloth,
$2.95.
THE UNITED NATIONS AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
?Lincoln P. Bloomfield. An evaluation of the
UN in terms of U.S. national interests. Little,
Brown, 1961. $4.75.
UN IN THE CONGO: A QUEST FOR PEACE ? King
Gordon. A documented report of UN efforts in
the Congo from July 1960 through the summer
of 1962. Carnegie, 1962. $1.95.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
A PHOTOGRAPHIC DISPLAY SET 15 black and
white $
plzo
panes on UN technical as istance
ef-
forts.
FOR ALL CHILDREN ? 10 posters with discussion
guide illustrating the Declaration of the Rights
of the Child. $1.00.
GOING TO SCHOOL AROUND THE WORLD? 17
excellent photos of school scenes around the
world. Includes discussion guide for the
teacher. $1.25.
UNESCO AND HUMAN RIGHTS-12 posters pictur-
ing UNESCO's activities relating to pertinent
articles of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights. Includes discussion guide for teachers.
$1.00.
UNICEF PICTURE SET 5 full color pictures of
UNICEF efforts. U.N.
WORK OF THE WORLD BANK 8 panels showing
projects financed by the BANK. 20/ postage.
AFRICA: CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE-12 panels
with discussion guide picturing UN educational
and technical assistance efforts In Africa. $1.00.
FLA.G CHART?UN members' flags in full color. 350.
FLA.G STAMPS ? Sheet of 88 flags, gummed and
perforated. 25.
FLAG BOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS?Presenting
in full color the flags of UN Member Nations;
includes historical annotations. UN, 1954. $1.00.
UN FLAG KIT?Paper flags of 112 UN member na-
tions, identified, 2" x 3", printed on both sides
with poles for mounting. $2.00.
FLAGS OF UN NATIONS-100 silk flags, 2" x 3";
identified, mounted on poles with Individual
stands. $4.05 per set.
UN MEMBER FLAGS ? Silk, 4" If 6". 750 each with
individual base. Full set of 113 flags, $65.00
without stand.
Wooden stand for full set of flags?$32.0D
Wooden base for one flag-200.
MI5. AND UN FLAGS--3' x 5', cotton bunting. $9.00
as,
UN PUBLICATIONS DISPLAY KIT ? An attractive
self-contained display set includes selection
of latest UN pamphlets and posters. When as-
sembled measures 30" x 35". Excellent for
library, store window display, etc. $3.95.
NOTE INFORMALS-12 notes with color pictures of
UN building and Security Council, packaged in
attractive plastic box. $1.00.
PAPER NAPKINS-10" square. Vividly show IJN and
Specialized Agency Headquarters in 5 colors.
50/50g.
PLACE MATS?UN Building in blue. 50/$1.00.
"UN WE BELIEVE"
GUMMED SEALS ?4 sheets of 25
seals $1.00; 20 sheets $4.00.
WIND-SHIELD STICKERS ? 25/$1.00,
POSTERS -- 10/$1.00; 25/$2.00.
CUTS for stationery, publications, cards, etc. $3.00 f
Approved For Fietesser0OCI-1/08/84 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000101313
003-5
003-5
Approved For Rgarai18/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For
THE WHOLE WORLD SINGING ? Edith L. Thomas.
Folk songs with music and words. Friendship
Press. $1.95.
UNITED NATIONS PLAYS AND PROGRAMS?Aileen
Fisher and Olive Rabe. Royalty-free plays,
poems, group readings for all ages. Plays, Inc.,
1961. $4.00.
FOLK SONGS FROM AROUND THE WORLD ? UN
Singers. LP record of 18 songs from as many
lands; explanatory text. $3.98.
THREE BILLION MILLIONAIRES?An original mud.
cal fable about the UN?for children and adults
?with star-studded cast including Jack Benny,
Carol Burnett, Bing Crosby, Judy Garland and
many others. LP Record.
Mono., $4.99 Stereo., $5.98
MUSIC OF COUNTRIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS
? An exciting album of 13 LP records; repro-
duces the native music of Member Nations of
the UN. Includes a booklet of excellent descrip-
tive program notes prepared by the New York
Post. Postage prepaid, $15.00 per set.
HI NEIGHBOR BOOKS?U.S. Committee for UNICEF.
Plays, stories and things to do for children
8-12 years old:
BOOK 1?Children in Indonesia, Italy, Lebanon,
Paraguay and Uganda. $1.00.
BOOK 2? Children in Brazil, Ghana, Japan,
Israel and Turkey. $1.00.
BOOK 3?Children in Nigeria, Ethiopia, Greece,
Chile and Thailand. $1.50.
BOOK 4?Children in Guinea, India, Iran, Mex.
Ico and Poland. $1.50.
BOOK 5 ? Children in Burma, Sudan, UAR
(Egypt), Guatemala and Spain. $1.50.
BOOK 6? Children in ivory Coast, Pakistan,
Peru and Yugoslavia. $1.50.
HI NEIGHBOR RECORDS?Charming folk songs and
dances to complement each Hi Neighbor book.
LP. $3.00 per record. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ;
5 :6
COLORING BOOKS?Ages 5-10:
LET'S LEARN ABOUT THE UN?$1.00.
CHILDREN OF THE WORLD?$1.00.
FOREIGN DOLLS ? 8 Paper dolls with costumes.
Ages 5-11. $2.00.
WORLD FLAG GAME ABOUT THE UNITED NATIONS
A Parker Brothers game in which players can
travel around the world. Text-o-print edition,
$2.50; Hard board edition, $5.00.
NATION BUILDING?A CHANNEL TO PEACE?A dis-
cussion kit on the accomplishments of the UN
which includes colored film strip, an LP record
and a discussion guide. United Church Women,
1963. $8.00.
HEADQUARTERS FOR PEACE-8mm Home
Movie reel which takes the viewer on a
tour of UN Headquarters. Includes
shots of UN at work and recreates great
moments at the UN by showing heads
of government addressing the General
Assembly. 10 minute silent film with
captions, black and white. $5.95.
100130003-5
Approved For Belest.sfiailjn/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
Fut(
(See also all other sections)
TEACHERS AND SCHOOL. KITS ? see first section.
HOW TO PLAN AND CONDUCT MODEL UNITED
NATIONS MEETINGS?Excellent detailed hand-
book for organizing model UN and Specialized
Agency meetings. Oceans, 1961. Paper, $1.50;
Cloth, $3.00.
STUDY GUIDE SERIES -- Designed especially for
junior and senior high school teachers and stu-
dents by Oceans Publications. Classroom units,
discussion questions and projects:
WORLD PEACE AND THE UNITED NATIONS?
Basic purpose of the UN; the International
Court of Justice; the question of refugees.
Paper, $1.50; Cloth, $2.50.
FOOD FOR LIFE?FOOD FOR THOUGHT?Units
on FAO and UNESCO. Paper, $1.50; Cloth, $2.50
1
TOWARD MANKIND'S BETTER HEALTH?Dis-
:ussion units on the World Health Organiza-
tion and UNICEF. Paper, $1.50; Cloth, $2.50.
ENERGY & SKILLS FOR HUMAN PROGRESS ?
Programs of the International Labor Organiza-
tion and the International Atomic Energy
Agency, Paper, $1.50; Cloth, $2.50.
HUMAN RIGHTS: THE DIGNITY OF MAN--(See
listing in "Current Issues and Topics" section).
501.
UN SPIRAL NOTEBOOK-4 illustrated pages of text
about structure and work of the UN; 80 blank
pages for writing. Excellent for school use. 501.
FIRST BOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS Edna
Epstein. Well illustrated, simplified description
.pf the UN fpr ages 7-10. Franklin Watts, 1961.
Paper, $1.00; Cloth, $1.95.
TELLING THE LIN STORY: New Approaches to
'Teaching About the UN and its Related Agen-
.:ies?Leonard S. Kenworthy. Excellent resource
aook for high school social studies teachers.
Dceana, 1963. Paper, $2.00; Cloth, $5.00.
TEACHING WORLD AFFAIRS?INTERCOM?Special
;guide for social studies teachers and educators
Including resources and description of current
reaching projects. Foreign Policy Assn., Oct.
L963. $1.00.
RESOURCES FOR TEACHING ABOUT THE UNITED
NATIONS ?Elizabeth M. Thompson. Includes
annotated bipliography. NEA, 1962. $1.50.
THE VALLEY OF, TRUST?Emery Kelen?Charmingly
illustrated allegorical story on the effectiveness
,Df cooperation for ages 4-8. Lothrop, Lee &
:Shepard, 1962. Paper, $1.00; Cloth, $3.00.
GROWING TOWARD PEACE?Regina Tor and Elea-
nor Roosevelt. A fully illustrated historical
acount of man's quest for peace, providing a
3ackgrouncli for the story of the work of the
UN. Ages 9.12. Random House. $3.50.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
003-5
003-5
Approved TheEUN8in Action:888100130003-5
What it is.
What it does.
What it costs.
What you can do
to help.
"And more than ever we support the
United Nations as the best instrument
yet devised to promote the peace of
the world and to promote the well-being
of mankind."
LYNDON B. JOHNSON
z
"All Americans should get to know
about the United Nations and prepare
themselves and their children for
the task of sustaining it."
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
"In the development of the
United Nations lies the only true
alternative to war. . . Mankind
IN
VIVRDID85266375R000100130003-5
JOHN F. KENNEDY
Approved FoPikUlirafAcnOtigh/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
FACTS FOR FALLACIES. Authoritative answers to questions
and criticisms; suggests discussion topics, action projects.
Rev. ad. 1964. 154 ea.; 100410.00
UN STUDY KIT. For clubs, high school and college use. UN
study guides and related informational material. $1.00
WHAT EVERY UN, CRITIC SHOULD KNOW. Arthur Larson. Re-
print from Saturday Review; answers attacks against the
UN. 104 ea.; 10-99 copies, 54 ea.; 100 or more, 34 ea.
BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE UN. Concise, readable, factual
handbook on UN structure and aims. UN, 1963. 250
THE UNITED NATIONS: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT IT.
Jean S. Picker and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt?lively, illus-
trated text telling the ITN story. UN, Rev. ed. 1964. 404
THE U N: WHO NEEDS IT ? Basic insight into the functions and
purposes of the 'UN. Especially written to help counteract
current fallacies concerning the UN. Includes voting
tables. 1964. 500
THE IJNITED NATIONS AND HOW IT WORKS. David Cushman
Coyle. Full practical insight into structure and work of
UN. New American Library, 1962. 604
THE U.S. AND THE UN; PARTNERS FOR PEACE. Alexander
Uhl. Excellent analysis of UN strengths and weaknesses in
view A' current criticisms. Public Affairs, 1962. $1.00
CHARTER OF THE UN. 104
UN PROGRAMS OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. Illustrated de-
scription of UN economic and social work in underdevel-
oped areas. UN, 1.962. 250
UNITED NATIONS WORK FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. History of UN
efforts. UN, :1962. 254
UN AlID RELATED AGENCIES. Structure chart. 154
FLAG CHART. UN members' flags in full color. 354
EVERYMAN'S UNITED NATIONS. An indispensable reference
work. UN, 1964. Paper, $1.95; Cloth, $5.00
UNITI:D NATIONS: PIETY, MYTH AND TRUTH. Andrew Boyd.
A factual appraisal of the UN in aswer to current criti-
cisms. Penguin, 1962. 854
AFRICA AND WORLD ORDER. Edited by Norman J. Padelford
and Rupert Emerson. A look at African politics and the
role of these new nations in the UN. Frederick A. Praeger,
1963. $1.75
FINANCING THE UN. John Stoessinger. Basic study on the
problems of UN financing. Carnegie, 1961. HO
Li
LI
LI
LI
Li
LI
LI
Li
LI
LI
El
0
LI
Li
Li
LI
The United States Committee for the United Nations is a non-
profit, privately supported citizens' organization whose chair-
man is appointed annually by the President of the United States.
Any contribution toward the work of the committee will be
greatly appreciated and is tax deductible.
NAME
STREET
CITY
ZONE__ STATE
Enclosed (Check or Money Order preferred). $
Approved FaiRrdreht631'00192014108 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
mitiLlr01 U.S.COMMITTIEE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS,NEW YORK 11.
003-5
003-5
ApprovecMiblikrelainu2111MOVP:trAth8060.10M0700190130003-5
* I) Keep yourself informed about the United Nations; find
out what it can do and what it cannot do.
2) Talk to your friends and neighbors. Exchange ideas about
the United Nations.
3) Introduce the United Nations to the church clubs, civic
groups or organizations to which you belong; support a
United Nations Association chapter in your community.
4) Write a letter to the editor?or write to your Congress-
man, especially when the UN is attacked unfairly.
*5) Show UN films at community meetings.
*6) Urge your Mayor to appoint a local chairman for UN
Day?October 24th?to organize city-wide celebrations. And
remember UN Week is October 18th to 25th.
*For free publications list, film catalogue and Leaders Guide for UN
Day, write to: U.S. Committee for the United Nations, New York 11.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010p130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : ciA-Rdialn4iN3NketOtbo13
1943-1948: In the early years of the UN, communist infiltra-
tion of Iran and Greece was halted. A truce was brought
about in Kashmir. Mediation brought lighting to an end in
Indonesia and a peaceful transition of governments.
1949 PALESTINE: In the Middle East, the UN achieved and
ma:ntained the 1949 armistice agreements between Israel
and. her Arab _neighbors..
1950/53 KOREA:: UN resolutions condemned North Korea ag-
gressors. Under a UN Command, headed by the U.S., mem-
ber nations joined the Republic of Korea in a UN action
which halted communist aggression southward. Although
the U.S. bore the lion's share of the burden, 15 other nations
contributed troops also.
19511 SUEZ: In 1956 the UN brought about a cease-fire in Suez
and organized a UN Emergency Force with troops from
10 smaller nations. A reduced but alert UNEF is still on
guard along Egypt's and Israel's troubled borders.
1960 CONGO: The UN Force in the Congo has worked under
great difficulties to help bring about a unified independent
Congo. 16,0001UN troops in the Congo have kept the Soviet
Unian and other "big powers" out. Without the UN there
would have been chaos?possibly leading to World War III ?
if there had been a communist take-over or a great-power
confrontation The UN withdrew its troops in 1964.
1962 cum: In the tense moments of the great-powers' con-
frontation over Cuba, the UN provided a world-wide forum
for presenting the U.S. case and for mustering world
opinion?an important factor in initiating the U.S.S.R.'s
withdrawal of troops and missiles from Cuba. Although the
issue was resolved by the powers concerned, the Security
Council discussions provided a "cooling off" period; the
Secretary-General's intervention contributed to the diver-
sion of the Soviet ships headed for Cuba.
1962 WEST IRIAM(WEST NEW GUINEA): A threat of war in South-
east Asia between the Netherlands and Indonesia over West
New Guinea was averted. The UN Secretary-General with
the backing of UN members, facilitated peaceful negotia-
tions. Subsequently, the state of Malaysia was established.
1964 CYPRUS: Civil war had broken out between the Greek
and Turkish Cypriotes with a consequent possibility of out-
side intervention by outside forces. The Security Council,
at the request ,of the Cypriote Government, authorized the
Secretary-General to organize a Peace-Keeping Force to
maintain order in Cyprus. Th.is Force has been effective in
discouraging a major outbreak of hostility, although occa-
siOnd skirmishes still continue.
DISARMAMENT AND NUCLEAR TESTS: The UN continues to urge
agreement on a general, supervised, enforceable disarma-
ment treaty. Upon completion of such a treaty, resources
released by disarmament could be converted to peaceful
purposes, helping underdeveloped and developed nations.
The [8th Gene-cal itabgy. e4t,e4.{:po.tiletto
Approved Forofaeleas12Q4, Parrha AlLevtiRTR
complete discontinuance of all nuclear weapons' testing.
10013
003-5
003-5
Approved PAITelatiiIPPEOPArTIFM.Vdra
R00100130003-5
in fact, opens and closes with a minute of silent prayer or
meditation for the benefit of all delegates, whatever their
religion may be."
HENRY CABOT LODGE
U.S. Representative to the UN 1953-60
Is the UN necessary?
". . . the United Nations is the world organization which we
have created because a world organization was, and is, a
plain necessity. We can certainly improve it. But to suggest
that we can do without it is to deny the second half of the
twentieth century."
CARLTON R. SICKLES
Congressman-at-large from Maryland
How does the United Nations help keep the peace?
By mobilizing the public opinion of the world.
By encouraging respect for freedom, human rights and in-
ternational law.
By economic help and technical assistance to combat basic
causes of war: hunger, poverty, illiteracy and ill-health.
By discussion, conciliation, or police action where absolutely
essential.
If no United Nations peace soldier stood in Cyprus or in the
Middle East, it is possible that a U.S. soldier would stand
there, uneasily eyeing his counterpart from a major power
on the other side of the fence. United Nations troops are
preventing great-power confrontations which could light
the fires of World War III.
"In the world of today any breach of the peace could lead to
the destruction of civilization . . . the United Nations has
helped to deter or to terminate warfare in Iran and Greece,
in Kashmir and Korea, in the Congo and the Caribbean, and
twice in the Middle East and twice in the Western Pacific.
It is not fanciful to speculate that any or all of us may owe
our lives to the fact that these dangers were contained, with
the active and persistent help of the processes of the United
Nations."
DEAN RUSK
Secretary of State
If you have more questions about the United Nations, you will prob-
ably find the answers in our booklet, Facts For Fallacies, available for
150 from the U.S. Committee for the United Nations, New York 11.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved FoNeeklate taflA5n8 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
The 'U.S. assumed leadership in all these UN actions.
The U.S. favored the armistice and the creation of the new
state of Israel.
The U.S. sent troops to Korea because it viewed the defense
of South Korea as vital to U.S. security. We led in rallying
UN support and welcomed the additional troops and supplies.
The 1J. S. has strongly supported UNE]?.
1
The U.S. under two Presidents, a Republican and a Demo-
crat, supported. UN action in the Congo as the best way of
avoiding communist subversion or an all-out war.
President Kennedy included use of the UN in his five-point
propcsal for resolving the issue. We endorsed the Secretary-
General's effort's.
The distinguished American diplomat, Ellsworth Bunker,
was called upon by the Secretary-General to act as inter-
mediE.ry in settling the dispute. The U.S. looks upon this as
an example of the effective use of the "good offices" of the
Secre tary-General.
The U.S. has supported the establishment of a UN Peace
Force and has offered a voluntary contribution for it.
The U.S. voted in favor of controlled disarmament.
The U.S. co-sponAored this resollition_
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
11
11
003-5
003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDIWNIRM91130003-5
The UN has proposed a world-wide monitoring scheme to
be conducted by the World Meteorological Organization on
levels of radioactivity.
The 18th General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolu-
tion declaring outer space to be the domain of all states, and
that the free exploration and use of outer space and celestial
bodies shall be carried on for the benefit and in the interests
of all mankind.
FINANCES: The UN budget is determined by a scale of assess-
ments based broadly on each nation's ability to pay. Accord-
ing to the Charter a nation loses its vote for non-payment
of assessments, both regular and special, after 2 years. The
heavy costs of UNEF and the Congo operation have put the
UN in debt because some nations, like the U.S.S.R. and France,
have refused for policy reasons to pay their share. Others
claim they have been unable to pay for economic reasons.
This past year a terminal date was set for the military
operation in the Congo and UNEF expenditures have been
reduced. New peace-keeping efforts?Yemen, Cyprus?are
being paid for by voluntary contributions from member
governments principally concerned.
ECONOMIC COOPERATION: The UN continues to strengthen the
foundations of peace and freedom through its Technical Aid
programs. It has suggested principles to protect private
foreign investment and encourage the flow of private capital.
A new program for the training of national technical per-
sonnel for industrialization of less developed countries is
under discussion. Four out of five of the UN's staff work on
programs related to economic improvement.
ROLE OF THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES: The necessity for inter-
national cooperation in specific areas of human concern led
to the establishment of the Specialized Agencies. Working
on very small budgets, they provide better living for all. An
example taken from the work of each of the major Special-
ized Agencies is listed on the last page along with the Per
Capita Cost.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
ApproviNt9rcOmigh94849.1aCIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Is the UN a "super...state"?
"The UN is not ct super-state above nations, but a world
community embracing them all, rooted in law and justice
and enhancing the potentialities and common purposes of
all peoples..,.. The United Nations . ? has already accom-
plished what no nation singly, or any limited group of na-
tions, could have accomplished alone."
GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
To what extent does the UN support U.S. national interests?
"WI have a United Nations . . . in which the Soviet Union
has had to resort to, a veto on 100 occasions, while we have
never had to resort to a veto at all. We have a United Nations
which the Soviet Premier has bitterly attacked on numerous
occasions as U. S. cantrolled. A. United Nations the Com-
munists have never been, able to control or subvert to their
own use."
THOMAS H. KUCHEL
Senator from California
Can the UN send American boys to fight abroad?
"Na. The United Nations cannot make the United States or
any nation send troops to light anywhere. In the Korean
war, it was our government that sent our forces into battle
?because it was in the American interest to stop the Com-
munist aggression."
HENRY CABOT LODGE
Do Communists dominate the UN?
"It iv also true that there are some Communist-bloc citizens
employed by the UN.HIlow could it be otherwise? They are
members of the organization. . . But of 20 top jobs, they
hold only two. And of the other professional and executive
posts Americans outnumber the Russians by almost nine
to one." -
LIONEL VAN DEERLIN
Congressman from San Diego, California
Should each country have one vote regardless of size?
"Some have suggestedlhat all General Assembly votes should
be weighted to reflect' population, or wealth, or level of con-
tribution, or some combination of these or other factors.
I do not believe that so far-reaching an answer would be
realistic or practical. The equal vote in the General Assem-
bly for each member?however unequal in size, wealth, ex-
perience, technology, or other criterion?is rooted in the
idea of 'sovereign equality'. And that idea is not one which
any nation, large or small, is eager to abandon."
DEAN RUSK
Secretary of State
What about the Congo?
"Of all the myths about the United Nations, the most aston-
ishing to me is that the United Nations policy in the Congo
somehow helped the Soviet Union. The fact is that it was the
United Nations policy af insulating the Congo from outside
interference that led Mr. Khru.sheliev to demand Mr. Ham-
marskjold's rzsignation. It is the only time in the history of
the United Nations that frustration has reached the level
of shoe pounding,"
Approved For Release 2001/08/080.ClatIM3Y1R000100130 03-5
Approved For1081020/b/Neti: CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
The U.S. supports the monitoring scheme.
The U.S. co-sponsored the resolution together with the
U.S.S.R.
The U.S. pays a little less than of the regular UN budget
(the U.S.S.R. pays %). The U.S. has paid 47% of UNEF and
Congo operations. The U. S. believes all UN members must
demonstrate collective financial responsibility although per-
centages may vary. The U.S. supports the International
Court decision that these special assessments are a regular
part of each member's dues and thus members two years
behind in their payments should lose their vote as stated
in Article 19 of the Charter. The U.S. has supported Secu-
rity Council action in regard to the new peace-keeping
efforts in Yemen and Cyprus.
The U.S. has strongly supported UN aid programs since
they are based on the principle of helping those who help
themselves. (UN aid money has to be matched by the recipi-
ent nation.)
The U.S. is a member of each Specialized Agency and fully
supports and benefits from their programs.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approv
?
g2GgretinnagilANIPAr;tgidaeliPP85-00375
WHO sete health standards to limit large-scale epidemics.
FAD encourages research in improved farming methods.
UPU makes possible rapid flow of international mail.
UNESCO .me goal is to provide every child with a chance to
go to school.
ICAO develops safety in international flights by an intricate
network nf air navigation aids.
WMO provides rapid weather forecasting for all.
mco has established a standard of safety regulations at sea.
ITU standardizes communications equipment and procedures
to help lower costs of international communication.
IAEA sponsors research projects on peaceful uses of atomic
energy.
BANK (and its affiliates) advises o:n economic development
plans and helps by providing loans.
ESTIMATED PER CAPITA COST OF THE UN TO TFIE U.S.
for the calendar year 1964: 99q0?
UNITED NATIONS
The Regular Budget
UN Emergency Force
The Congo: Military
151/20
3%0
Vioo
Economic
2%0
UN Force in Cyprus
10
SPECIAL VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
United Nations Children's Fund
61/20
Technical Assistance and Special Fund
30%4
Refugees: Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
12914
UN High Commissioner
1/20
SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
40
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
11/20
International Labor Organization (ILO)
2%o0
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organ ization (I M C 0)
1/24
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
1/20
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Orgar ization (UNESCO)
91/20
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
ihoo
World Health Organization (WHO)
60
World N:eteorological Organization (WMO)
1/20
TOTAL
993/400
00010013
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
PRINTED IN U.S...., 1964
003-5
003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08: CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
WHAT THE UN IS WHAT THE UN DOES
THE U. S. AND THE UN WHAT THE
UN COSTS HOW YOU CAN HELP
Approved For
an eV
e best
eace of the war,
.or
g of mankind;"
00,..441DON
the site. a ?
ry"t.ru r'n at iv rto- w
_must put an end to war, or war will
yt an end to mankind.'
JOHN F. KENNEDY
30003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
To save !3irct;eeding- genera tions from the scourge
cif war .
o resift; m faith in -fundamental human rights and
tit re sovereign equa/iity of nations large and small . .
establish conditions under which justice and
respect. for roternational law can be maintained .
74 -promote socict pirogress and better: standards
a lite n 1 gar treeoom .
Si ice the United Nations was created in 1945, funda-
mental changes affecting all.: mankind have taken place:
The word has ,entrired the atomic age.
Otter space?the last frontier?has been penetrated.
Ore billion people have won their indeaendence
fron colonial rule.
All the world's people including the heretofore
uncerprivilegedam demanding the good things of life.
The United Nations is a m ajar force in helping to
sol te these and other'problems.i
The membe r ship 01 the It nited Nations has grown to
114 nations it am an original memberishio oi 51 nations
in I345.
Th..: parent otga,nizi:tion ponsists of:
The Gene rat Assembly (its narliameitary body)
The Security Council (Primarily responsible for the
ma, filename DIIisle:national peace)
The Economic and ?cis; Council (dev
eccifornic are :3(C I devetopmen t)
The Trusteeship Council e.sponsibl3 for th a
well-being te dependent peoples)
The Secrets 'tat tthe interriationttl civil serv I'e with the
Sec etary-Gianerat as chat administrative officer)
The internati o -tat Coat ()hustle* lscrnetiries called
the ii/orici c urt)
on nit :es cid Coes melons created by Ale above
bocia is to carry forwsd this 4stork- of th s organization
ApprovedlladriiftletitSW2001i/88/081tECiAuRDP85?810375R000100130003-5
igen ',les balorigt rig the' United Nations family
te d
WhatveisFthveUENottreitilrfitittig
to meet the Four Objectives of the charter?
0375R000100130003-5
the United Nations sent a force to
keep peace between the Greek and Turkish
Cypriots. A United Nations Mediator is trying to
find a basis for peaceful settlement.
''"`' Intervention of the Secretary-General
and the Security Council, led to a way
to avoid a confrontation of the United States
and the U.S.S.R. Later the UN assisted
in the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.
"."II in response to an appeal for aid from the
Congolese Government, the Security Council
of the UN voted to send forces into the Congo.
These forces prevented the spread of hostilities
and helped to stabilize conditions.
Simultaneously, a vast assistance program was
launched under the auspices of the UN family
to insure the political, economic and social
well-being of the Congo.
'flflIi hi 198 the UN Observation Group in Lebanon
LAS; and the UN Special Representative in Jordan
stabilized peace and security in these countries.
In 196 when France, the United Kingdom and
Israel took armed action against Egypt, the UN
secured a cease-fire and withdrawal of troops;
created the UN Emergency Force to insure
peace along the Egyptian-Israeli border; and
arranged for clearing the Suez Canal.
in 1950 the UN stopped aggression in Korea
through collective military action and forced the
aggressor north of the 38th Parallel. The UN
Korean Reconstruction Agency helped Korea
to rebuild its economy.
'1-I.:STINE In 1949, after a cease-fire, UN action brought
about the signing of an armistice between
Israel and her Arab neighbors. The UN has since
supervised compliance with the agreements.
;ett:i4MIR In 194R the UN effected a cease-fire in Kashmir The General Assembly and the World Court have con-
and stopped what might have become
tributed to the body of international law.
large-scale hostilities. The issue
solved, but
",ril?Fa
- the UN kept Greece's borders under
surveillance to prevent outside aid to the
Communist guerillas in Greece.
by airing the complaints of Iran, Syria
and Lebanon, the UN effected the withdrawal
of foreign troops from these countries.
And, in the field of disarmament ?
The member nations of the UN unanimously adopted a
General Assembly resolution calling for total disarma-
ment by all nations, with strengthened UN machinery
and an international police force.
The member nations of the UN adopted General As-
sembly resolutions including the plea for the cessation
of nuclear testing; this resulted in the limited nuclear
test ban agreement, and the resolution forbidding the
carrying of nuclear weapons on space vehicles.
,4
.771.-Pr!Ta! ,ILV;
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted
by the General Assembly on December 10, 1948, now
has world-wide influence. It has been cited in General
Assembly resolutions. Articles of the Declaration have
been incorporated in constitutions of new states.
International agreements have been reached to pre-
vent the crime of genocide, to abolish the last vestige
of slavery, to eliminate forced labor and to promote
equal rights for women.
Covenants on Human Rights are being drafted.
The UN assists in the orderly liquidation of the colonial
system.
It has assisted some nations to freedom and welcomed
most of the new states into membership as equal part-
ners.
\hhnf
cnnetrtfoic LfnrIpr which
'Istir:e and
,:,?it)ect for r?Iternationl law ran rnaintlinpc/
is not yet
3itiiiNettfa:or Reid-ate 2001/08/08 : C hfteREIROMIcg UMW WAN PlAory law in their
and armed ho1
ities have not been resumed, specialized fields.
Approved For Release 2001/08/08: CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
the U.S.
and the UN
U.S. initiative helped to brie] the UN and many
of its specialized agencies nto
7che U.S. provided the land on wnich the LIN's
permanent headquarters wa3 built.
The U.S. asked for UN actirm .:Kore. a.
The U.S. introduced the Uni. ing for Peace P, 3so
Alan which, in times of agg 'ession r three is of
aggression, makes possible UNI actor: py the
General Assembly if the Security 2,ouncil is pre-
vented, because of a veto, from fulfilling its
responsibilities.
The U.S. took the initiative to bring .rho Middle
East and Hungarian crises - o the UN.
The U.S., when asked for assislarce, ad', see
the Congo to appeal to the UN for aid,
The U.S. requested the UN :o consider the issue
of Soviet missiles in Cuba.
The U.S. initiated the atorr ::-.for-peace program.
The U.S. proposed the UN Decade of Develop-
ment to speed economic p -ogress.
7he United States recognites that 'In this or d
which now can be spannec in hours where sci-
once can bring about eithe undreamed of Dreg-
ress or complete devastation, the United N
ticms must continue its work. The decision is
ours as to whether the U.S continues to !support
the UN and to strengthen it, for we the peo-
ples" are responsible for IJ.S. pol:cy in ?th e UN.
The UN record of action fo' peace is impressive. 345 East 46th Street, New York, New York 10017
We, the peogqfpitiV41219?811 fkbigi.W6 lbiffio8/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
The United Nations is a human institution,
one which reflects the idealism and the weak-
nesses of the people it represents. The
United Nations Charter begins with the
pnrase:
We, the peoples of the United Nations . .
In'orm yourself about the United Nations.
Talk with your friends and neighbors and ex-
change ideas about the UN and our Govern-
ment's role in it.
Join the United Nations Association chapter
in your community and become an active
worker in its program.
Encourage -the organizations to which you
belong to develop active and informative pro-
grams on the UN.
Urge your public school and community I -
braries to stock books on the UN.
Know your facts about the UN to refute un-
founded attacks.
For further information and a list of inexpen-
sive publications write:
UNITED
NATIONS ASSOCIATION
of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
The Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1961, proclaimed
that obligations of the UN Charter extended to man's
actions in outer space. The nations agreed that no one
nation should annex the moon or any celestial body.
A committee of the General Assembly has been codi-
fying the law of outer space.
The United Nations has, by resolution, listed 26 mem-
ber nations as "developed"; the other members are
considered "underdeveloped." Because the former are
able to take advantage of modern techniques, the dis-
parity in living standards between the two groups con-
tinues to grow. Some people say this is a greater th..eat
to peace than the cold war.
The entire UN family is developing a program to help
the underprivileged peoples to help themselves to de-
cent living standards. For example:
The UN Special Fund analyzes the resources of "under-
developed" countries and outlines a program for their
development.
The World Health Organization acts to prevent epi-
demics, teaches people sanitation and helps to prolong
life.
The Food and Agriculture Organization works to im-
prove and increase food supplies.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul-
tural Organization is improving the basic education of
people in "underdeveloped" nations.
The International Labor Organization is working to train
manpower and establish better labor conditions.
The International Bank, International Monetary Fund
and the International Development Association, by vari-
ous means, help to stabilize currencies and assist na-
tions with the financial resources for economic devel-
opment and the expansion of world trade.
The International Atomic Energy Agency has as a major
purpose inspection of the use of atomic materials sup-
plied by one country to another to prevent any diver-
Approved FoPiRei6g6litt'Ofte.f8f0.8s.. CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
The tanked Nation*, kas II, se budgets: krsi, the -egu-
lar rat erintri,q L1it to wit iait II flJ pay their regular
dues r 3QL .)-)d [le burtgi:t to which
)er nat Jilt ILiItI Ir ()We to cbntcat as-
sista ice alit at Id ui pEC:grdiT1S, cc N:fHgee proj-
--icts et7, F- iiget of the
ih, t fel spet.ial aeinieKtoiping opera-
itoni suct a i; the i.,.ango aid Cyor.,...;. 9.3o -ne na-
ticrr. Vaj th,.!re spctaii,.-sisessments,
isittor cc he ".-1,-.2.ra hIt they at; yolur hi or that the
ass,: ssritent!i by the Council
insi tan a- la/ Assernhly Aii..kiminittee of 33
o-i- to Lierii-irit it-S riii S now ..ittorriF,ting to work out
a comprerrisii 14L sli pciacokoeping opera-
tiiat Ei and t.iiid'
for the ce.endar jean-`,964: 93 2/50
The IR eciutar Budget ... 15 2/50
UN. Emoirgency =arise , , 3 2/50
The Conic o: MUiay . . , . 2 9/100
. Et:ono-min 2 3/50 "
UN Force is
United Notions ... 13 3/100
'Tr:of-nit:al Assistant-At: and SpoOtaii Fund.. : 310
Refugees: fieti,i.f arid Works Agency for
Palest-nu - ? ? ? ? ? ? - 130
UN Nigh commissioner . ? ? - ? ? 2/50
Food arid Agrioult-0-ro'Orgien4ation (FAO) 30
Intern:xtioniii Aviailon Organization
? (ICAO) , ??:
trite rn ationol Labcr c)stlarlization (ILO) ' 21/10*
Intergovernmli mt.& Maritime Co
interratiosal ';eleSicirrirrtunib ' '
itiOns?U;;;.;'. 1/2?
(tilt)
United Niitions EdualUronal, Shentlfin and11V
? Cultirai iargantiisilOO (UNESCO) ..
Ur 1v4inisalIPotiitaf it'ta(upo)
World1-144lthProriiiiliiiian -(M4
..oitipiganization(0340)
WorldMister ? 1 .'" 7/10
?
0 ;
1/54!
lr te it:Tarierly ...
?
, ? ?
Approved For Release.2001/08/08:.CIATRDP85-00375R000100130003-5
Ap p rovedHomAGOE08TaithiLDFkitT3FAD 001 30003-5
A distinctive book of historical value, HOMAGE TO A
FRIEND records an unusual moment when the entire world, as
represented by delegates at the United Nations, rededicated it-
self to the task of peace and the development of a better world
?goals which President John F. Kennedy personified. Herein
are reproduced the eulogies given by the President of the Gen-
eral Assembly and United Nations delegates, including Ambas-
sador Adlai E. Stevenson, at a special commemorative session
called upon the tragic death of President Kennedy. These trib-
utes to the Chief of State of one nation by representatives of the
world's nations are unique.
Also included in HOMAGE TO A FRIEND are excerpts from
President Kennedy's speeches and remarks in regard to the
United Nations. The book is illustrated and presents a Foreword
by Secretary-General U Thant.
Illustrated; 93 pp. July, 1964.
Price: $1.95
ARmvedf?r ilEeRna2s qtinict?dfAcii ciAIRPFItt541SPURIIQQ1401130(00,3a5
MAGE 0 A
Nations in cooperation with the United Nations Office of Public Information.
Approved WatliskG-1168401A_ADPPROIENTOD?
Discount Schedule
I copy $1.95
10 through 24 copies $1.50 ea.
25 through 49 copies $1.10 ea.
50 or more copies $1.00 ea.
013
ORDER FROM
UNITED NA7IONS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(formerly the U.S. Committee for the UN and the American Association for the UN)
New York 11, New York
Please send me copies of HOMAGE TO A FRIEND.
Enclosed is $ ?OR? Please bill
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE ZIP #
003-5
Approved FeirtRelezise%2001/08110 GlAaRIPROAQUARP,P010013?003-5
ceeding. 20 lbs. in weight will be shipped Railway Express collect.
Approv Is 100130003-5
Approved F 130003-5
112 UNITED .NATIONS MEMBERS
Approved For Release 2po1IiliblEMORRne.5-00375R00010013 003-5
AFGHANISTAN KUWAIT
ALBANIA LAOS
ALGERIA LEBANON
ARGENTINA; LIBERIA
AUSTRALIA
LIBYA
AUSTRIA '!
LUXEMBOURG
BELGIUM MALAGASY REPUBLIC
BOLIVIA MALAYSIA
BRAZIL
MALI
BULGARIA
MAURITANIA
BURMA MEXICO
BURUNDI MONGOLIA
BYELORUSSIAN S.S.R. MOROCCO
CAMBODIA NEPAL
CAMEROON NETHERLANDS
CANADA NEW ZEALAND
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC NICARAGUA
CEYLON L NIGER
CHAD NIGERIA
CHILE NORWAY
CHINA PAKISTAN
COLOMBIA PANAMA
CONGO (BRAllAVILLE) PARAGUAY
CONGO (LEOROLDVILLE) PERU
COSTA RICA PHILIPPINES
CUBA POLAND
CYPRUS PORTUGAL
CZECHOSLOVAKIA RUMANIA
DAHOMEY RWANDA
DENMARK SAUDI ARABIA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SENEGAL
ECUADOR SIERRA LEONE
EL SALVADOR; SOMALI REPUBLIC
ETHIOPIA SOUTH AFRICA
FINLAND SPAIN
FRANCE SUDAN
GALION H SWEDEN
GHANA SYRIA
GREECE THAILAND
GUINEA TOGO
GUATEMALA
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
HAI
TUNISIA
HONDURAS
TURKEY
HUNGARY UGANDA
ICELAND UKRAINIAN S.S.R.
INDIA
U.S.S.R.
INDONESIA UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC
IRAQ
UNITED KINGDOM
Q
UNITED REPUBLIC OF
IRELAND TANGANYIKA AND
ISRAEL ZANZIBAR
ITALY UNITED STATES
IVORY COAST UPPER VOLTA
JAMAICA URUGUAY
JAPAN VENEZUELA
JORDAN H YEMEN
Approved For rtelease 2001108/08 : CAGNINIE16-00375R00010013
KEILyA.
003-5
Approved
The U.N. looks toward the strengthening of peace-
ful procedures for adjusting international conflicts
in accordance with international law. Solutions are
being sought for such questions as the use of outer
space and the nuclear arms race.
The General Assembly resolution of December
1963 contained a declaration of legal principles for
outer space. The declaration represents a substan-
tial step toward the definition of law for outer space,
just as law has been defined for the sea and for air
space. In addition the Secretary-General has main-
tained a public registry of satellites launched into
outer space since early 1962 and is assuming im-
portant new tasks to aid international cooperation
in this field.
The General Assembly unanimously recommended
in December 1961 that negotiations on disarmament
under effective international control be conducted
by an 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament in ac-
cordance with principles agreed upon by the U.S.
and the U.S.S.R. in September of that year. The
18-Nation Committee has considered the divergent
plans for general and complete disarmament and
other measures submitted by the U.S. and U.K. and
by the U.S.S.R. The U.S. proposal looks toward
the progressive strengthening of the U.N. as a peace-
keeping force, as world armaments are reduced.
The General Assembly was instrumental in gaining
wide adherence to the limited nuclear test ban treaty,
which was signed in August 1963, and in September
1963 it passed a resolution calling upon all nations
to refrain from orbiting weapons of mass destruc-
tion in outer space.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7733
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AND
CONFERENCE SERIES 55
RELEASED SEPTEMBER 1964
OFFICE OF MEDIA SERVICES BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents
Approved For Releawa atkortalli bapR00010130003-5
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1964 0-743-064
0013
. . . the United Nations is dedicated to the same
noble principles that have made our Declaration of
Independence and our Constitution a constant beacon
of hope and inspiration for all mankind;
. . . the United Nations has for 19 years repeatedly
and decisively proved to be an increasingly effective
and respected action agency for world peace, progress,
and prosperity; '
. . . the United Nations, through its efforts and
througrh those of its specialized agencies, has greatly
benefited the United States and each of its other mem-
bers, individually and collectively; and
. . . the United Nations has earned, and is entitled
to receive an aMrmative expression of, the respect and
recognition of this Nation, and of each of its other
members, for its inestimable contributions to interna-
tional peace, justice, and understanding,.
From President Johnson's proclamation
for United :Nations Day, 1.964
The U.N. Charter is rooted in Ideals upon which we
have built, our own nation?peace, justice, freedom, and
the dignity and welfare of the individual, as well as
respect for the ' inherent rights of men and nations.
the U.N. structure also rests upon other principles
basic to our democracy?separation of powers, an
independent and impartial judiciary, a nonpolitical
international civil service, free and open debate under
established rules of order, and the rule of one
member, one vote. In their daily work in the United
Nations, countries abide by these principles in the
practice of effective political action.
U.S. support for the United Nations is a matter of
realistic self-interest; it is a uniquely effective means
of promoting our own objectives. As; Ambassador
AcIlai a Stevenson, U.S.. Representative to the United
Nations, has said:
". . . the foreign policy interests of the United States
are generally in harmony with the foreign policy
interests of all nations which want to see a peaceful
,mmmunity of independent states working together, by
Free choice, to improve the lot of humanity. And since
I the majority of the nations of the world share this
goal, the majority consistently side with the United
Staten?or we side with them, depending on your point
Approve INVIRttelip ArOlib i3/04111t60,74-KSP435 47075RO 0 0 1 001 3
are counte .
003-5
003-5
Approv
75R000100130003-5
On November 21, 1963, the General Assembly
designated 1965 as "International Cooperation
Year" to commemorate the United Nations' 20th
birthday. This commemoration emphasizes that
international cooperation is a technical, functional,
and political necessity of our times.
In proposing to dedicate the year 1965 to "making
man's knowledge serve man's welfare," President
Johnson said: "Let this be the year of science. Let
it be a turning point in the struggle?not of man
against man, but of man against nature. In the
midst of tension let us begin to chart a course toward
the possibilities of conquest which bypass the politics
of the cold war."
It is in the interest of all nations to continue to
share scientific discovery and to build worldwide
technical agencies. International communications,
international transport, and international economics
demand international organizations. For example,
the World Meteorological Organization is now work-
ing on an overall plan for a World Weather Watch.
Current technology?weather satellites, communi-
cations satellites, and computer technology?makes
such a global weather reporting and forecasting
system possible.
At the Third International Conference on the
Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva (Sep-
tember 1964) the U.S. demonstrated recent eco-
nomic breakthroughs in the use of large-scale re-
actors for commercial power. This new technology
indicates that economical nuclear power lies in the
near future. Also, this development of large-scale
reactors offers the real prospect of transforming
sea water into water suitable for human consump-
tion and industrial use. These developments could
portend great economic benefits for many nations.
Political as well as scientific interests dictate
the necessity for a functional international com-
munity. The growing value of the U.N. as peace-
keeper and peacemaker to the world lies as much
in the effectiveness of its operating machinery?its
mediators, its observers, its inspectors, its truce
ApprovedFor ieti. GIA-RDP8k5-0037V000100130003-5
as in
The United Nations has six principal organs:
? The General Assembly includes all U.N. members.
It may discuss any matters within the scope of the
charter. Its work is carried on by seven standing
committees plus several special or advisory commit-
tees. Its resolutions, except for those on financing,
are not binding; individual U.N. members may de-
cide whether or not to carry them out.
? The Security Council consists of II U.N. mem-
bers, 5 of which?China, France, the U.S.S.R., the
U.K., and the U.S..--are permanent members and
have the power to veto any action proposed by the
Council. The Council has primary responsibility
for maintaining international peace and security.
? The Economic and Social Council promotes eco-
nomic and social progress and world cultural and
educational Cooperation through studies and rec-
ommendations to the General Assembly, to the mem-
ber states, and to the specialized agencies concerned.
? The Trusteeship Council at one time had jurisdic-
tion over II U.N. trust territories. Today only
three are left; the others, exercising rights of self-
determination, have become independent nations or
have joined other independent nations.
? The International Court of Justice is the principal
judicial organ. All U.N. members are automati-
cally parties to the Court's Statute, but states may
agree to accept_ the Court's jurisdiction uncondition-
ally or with reservations that do not conflict with the
Court's Statute, The Court may deal with subjects
voluntarily submitted to it by both members and
nonmembers of the United Nations. It may also
give advisory opinions on questions put to it by any
other U.N. organ.
? The Secretariat services the five other principal
U.N. organs, and the Secretary-General is the execu-
tive agent for pertain U.N. programs and policies.
The Secretariat is staffed by international civil serv-
ants appointed by the Secretary-General. The Sec-
retary.General may bring to the attention of the
Security Council any matter which in his opinion
may threaten the urai.goreA
Approved Efikil aftiffft.e 20u L.141301{06154CPYFOR00010013
003-5
003-5
The 1960's were named the U.N. Decade of De-
velopment by a General Assembly resolution, follow-
ing President Kennedy's proposal of September
1961. This term emphasizes the U.N. goal of
swifter economic and social progress of the develop-
ing countries toward self-sustaining growth by 1970.
The U.N. has set a target of a 5 percent annual rate
of growth in the average national income of these
countries.
To strengthen the economies of developing coun-
tries the U.N. is assisting them to develop their in-
dustries, to export their goods and obtain fair and
stable prices for them, and to attract long-term
foreign investment to aid in their development. For
the individual the U.N. is helping to provide edu-
cation and vocational training, health facilities,
housing, and urban and rural development.
Coordinated and directed by the Economic and
Social Council, U.N. technical assistance is pro-
gramed chiefly under the U.N. Special Fund, which
concentrates on relatively large investment projects,
the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance, and
some of the U.N. specialized agencies. The re-
sources of the Special Fund and the Expanded
Program come from voluntary contributions of
governments.
Financing of the Decade of Development is as-
sisted by the international lending agencies asso-
ciated with the U.N.: the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, the International
Monetary Fund, the International Development As-
sociation, and the International Finance Corpora-
tion. The Inter-American Development Bank (not
a U.N. entity) operates solely in Latin America.
In March 1964 the first U.N. Conference on Trade
and Development met in Geneva to discuss on a
? worldwide basis the trade problems of developing
countries, especially as these are related to economic
development. The conference recommended the
establishment of a permanent U.N. body to consider
trade problems, particularly those of the less de-
Approved For Relegdiec20a1408/08 : CIA-RDP85-00375R000100130003-5
00010013?003-5
The primary t purpose of the United Nations, as
:itated in the charter, is "to maintain international
peace and security, and . . . to take effective collec-
tive measures for the prevention and removal of
ihreats to the peace. . . ."
The problems presented to the United Nations for
solution include many of the world's most difficult
and longstanding issues. The United Nations can-
not eliminate all conflict, but it can help remove some
of the causes and keep small disputes from develop-
ing into major warfare.
Possible U.N. actions in the furtherance of peace
range from foci sing international attention on a
situation to undnrtaking massive military action to
repel aggression. In each of the U.N. peacekeeping
operations, fresh solutions were required and new
experience was gained. For example:
? The spotlight o/ publicity in the U.N. forum com-
pelled the Soviet Union in 1946 to carry out its com-
mitment to evacuate its troops from Iran.
? The good offices of the Secretary-General helped
persuace Soviet Premier Khrushchev to turn back
Cuba-bound ships in October 1962.
? Mediation and conciliation by a third party
helped the Indonesians and the Dutch find a peace-
ful solution in 1962 to the mounting conflict over
West Irian,.
? Peacekeeping forces continue at work : in Kash-
mir to prevent conflict between India and Pakistan,
and in the Middle East to maintain peace between
Israel and her Arab neighbors. From 1960 to
1964, troops from 34 member countries helped to
preserve the territorial integrity of the Congo and
to restore law arid order. In March 1964 a U.N.
peacekeeping forte was sent to Cyprus when fight-
ing between Greek and Turkish Cypriots threatened
in ternational peace in that area.
? Massive action to repel aggression, undertaken
by U.N. forces in Korea. from 1950 to 7.953, suc-
.celicled?in mrwrliftfi tb8481
Ap p rove aptmrcrspn Korea. e.PCIOVRE)035b00575 R00010013 003-5
Approved
130003-5
"The attainment by all peoples of the highest level
of health" is the objective of the World Health Or-
ganization (WHO) . To further this objective, WHO
continues to assist countries in programs of malaria
eradication, communicable disease control, environ-
mental sanitation, education and training, and
emergency health assistance.
Since 1955 WHO has been conducting a world-
wide effort to eradicate malaria. By September
1963, 71 percent of the 1.5 billion people living in
malarious areas for whom statistics were available
were protected against this disease. Attention is
also being given to such other serious problems as
smallpox, tuberculosis, malnutrition, and the need
for clean water supply systems in urban areas.
During 1963 smallpox was carried?usually by
air travelers?from endemic areas to countries nor-
mally free of this disease. As a result, WHO has
urged an eradication campaign through mass
vaccinations.
In 1963 WHO cooperated with more than 125 gov-
ernments in at least 800 health projects for the con-
trol of communicable diseases such as leprosy, yaws,
cholera, plague, trachoma, smallpox, and tubercu-
losis; for the training of doctors and nurses; and
for the promotion of maternal and child health.
Specific examples include a study of the nature and
extent of leprosy in the Katmandu Valley of Nepal
and development of measures to control it; a tra-
choma control project started in Taiwan; a rural
environmental sanitation project in West Irian; and
a tuberculosis center opened in Libya.
About 40 percent of WHO funds in 1963 were
devoted to long-range activities designed to develop
and strengthen health services at the national and
local level. Education and training of professional
and auxiliary personnel received the greatest atten-
tion in this area. From December 1, 1962, to Sep-
tember 20, 1963, WHO awarded 1,600 fellowships.
WHO also promotes and coordinates resea:ch by
public and private institutions. Through its publica-
tions program WHO helps dissenlinAte...thrio.ughowst
Rekkisdu2094104tWicQ1
3-5
Approved Ftht ittAwnoyato,00010013000
0013
In 1964 the activities of the United Nations will
cost approximately $500 million, and the United
States will contribute about $190 million, or about
38 percent of the total. The U.S. contribution in
1964 will amount to about $1 per capita. The ac-
tivities referred to include:
? The regular budgets of the U.N. and its specialized
agencies are financed by assessments against all
members. Assessments in 1964 total about $195
million, of which the U.S. share will amount to
slig:atly less than $60 million, or about 31 percent.
? The U.N. peacekeeping expenses are financed from
assessments and voluntary contributions. The total
authorized for 1964 will amount to about $45 mil-
lion ($17.,75 million for the force in the Middle East
for the full year; $15 million for the force in the
Congo for 6 months until its withdrawal in June;
and about $13 million for the force in Cyprus for
6 months). The U.S. contributions?assessed and
voluntary?will amount to about $16 million, or
about 37 percent.
? The special programs of the U.N . are financed by
voluntary contributions. The total in 1964 will be
about $266 million, of which the United States will
contribute about $116 million, or about 44 percent.
For the Most part the record of payments by all
the member countries is good. However, some
? countries, because of political objections, have re-
fused to pay their peacekeeping assessments despite
the opinion of the International Court of Justice that
these costs are expenses of the organization within
the meaning of the charter and hence legally bind-
ing financial obligations. Unless the defaulting
countries pay the outstanding assessments, a key
issue before the next General Assembly will be the
impartial application of article 19 of the U.N. Char-
ter, which says that a member more than 2 full years
Approved For 4bind in its financial obligations shall have no vote
IRpagnpdfi VOW GIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
003-5
003-5
Approved For
130003-5
Building lasting peace with freedom demands full
educational opportunities for all, understanding and
respect for other cultures, and the harnessing of
science for man's benefit. The U.N. Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is
the principal U.N. organ working to achieve these
UNESCO assists member states at their request
to improve and extend their educational facilities;
it also fosters scientific research, promotes mutual
understanding of cultural values and traditions,
facilitates the free exchange of knowledge, works to
remove barriers to international understanding, and
helps to raise standards of living in the less de-
veloped areas through basic education programs.
To fulfill their goals in the field of education, the
less developed countries need more teachers, more
textbooks, more school buildings, and, above all,
more educational planners and administrators. As
a major step in coordinating knowledge and provid-
ing the needed experts, UNESCO helped establish
in Paris in the spring of 1963 an International In-
stitute for Educational Planning. Experts in edu-
cational planning have been requested by, and sent
to, 17 countries.
In the natural sciences UNESCO has embarked
on a successful program of survey and research in
land aridity, seismology, and oceanography.
UNESCO is interested not only in scientific co-
operation and documentation but also, as part of
the Decade of Development, in the application of
science and technology for the benefit of the less
developed countries.
Although the emphasis in the UNESCO program
has shifted to educational and scientific needs,
UNESCO still provides the most comprehensive in-
troduction to cross-cultural studies by translating
books, reproducing works of art, recording music,
and providing travel grants to artists and teachers.
These and other activities stimulate a better under-
tsiakadoily o
IA KI5PEITOMekt1150100130003-5
Approv
10013
Two-thirds of the world's population, including
70 developing countries with over 2 billion people,
are faced with persistent malnutrition. To help cor-
rect this situation, the Food and Agriculture Orga-
nization ( FAO) was formed in 1945.
FAO helps improve agricultural methods. It
fosters international cooperation for the wider dis-
tribution of food. FAO helps countries to develop
soil and water resources; to use improved tools and
techniques for farming, fishing, stockraising, and
forestry; to use better methods for processing, mar-
keting, and conserving foods; to develop agricul-
tural extension services and. cooperatives; and to
institute sound land reform policies.
FAO also conducts a multilateral program of as-
sistar.ce to developing countries based on the use of
surplus foods. The World Food Program empha-
sizes emergency relief, institutional feeding, and
pilot projects using food for economic development.
In 1960 FAQ launched a Freedom-From-Hunger
Campaign. A highlight of the campaign was the
World :Food Congress, which met at Washington,
D.C., in June 1963. The Congress recognized that
technology is now capable of eliminating hunger, and
enlisted private support for the goals of improving
food production, processing, distribution, and
utilization.
In addressing the World Food Congress President
Kennedy declared: "The United States pledges its
full 3upport for this campaign through Food for
Peace shipments, Alliance for Progress operations,
the Peace Corps, and the international efforts di-
rected by the: U.N. and the OAS . . . . We have
the ability . . we have the means, we have the
capacity to eliminate hunger from the face of the
earth. . . . We need only the will."
President Johnson recommitted this Nation to the
Freedom-From-Hunger Campaign when he de-
clared in his address to the U.N. in December 1963:
"The United States wants to cooperate with all the
members of this organization to conquer everywhere
the ancient enemies of mankind--hunger, and
Approved Fctnekeiteggtqc19,1108 : CIA-RDP85-00375R00010013
003-5
003-5
Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : ciA-F050760775111=13171gru0rb
.
I)
75? s. Pi ?tailki. frt VA. . 5?
W(..r4f 5 75? .4- Svalbard 75?
1..> + ../ Q./ (Sp itsberg\en)
Arv 11?
o
ICELAND ? -n
USA g, --
IQ r
( Alaska ) / t-PI c* 45) P; UNION OF SOVIET
z' ,? . / 1-,--).% .. i Qk
co USSR
o? o? 6o? ? 600 00
''..,.10??
,t1 :o.' I' 1 UNITED .0 -itt.?
KINGDOM ' 4?"...41'1",..'.4e
. ,ti CANADA c%
0? vo u,.0
17. ? IRELAND
, . /, .4: ,_
? W LB?EG? ntj m- -----
7,

r s BYELORUSSIAN
. SSR .Moscow* SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
CZECHOSLOVAKIA...... ......p vraiegnunea :
0 ....---. AUSTRIA I \
--------
LUXEMBOURG -HUNGARY
.;j. -
Montreal MONGOLIA
-2 :4UBK:R:A.GacrAIRAIAN
* SWITZERLAND ?Paris
45? ? st Pierre & . 45?/ - ..., . .-
.:.1111711111111rii."41411400-..
**C:P(DORCITUGC)AL Gene" ..4*
, 1-?.,_ SLAVIA
Bernell*
1;1
SPAIN
Rabat ' Tunis-9
, UNITED STATES. ATLANTIC .. . 6' Rome *??
Washington cu ,,;,.,.., _ .:., .? BelgTrua TURKEY
....JANIMU
* oCiC' :I 'r'. ?
1 4- x'? KOREA . ,.
\ 0-cts c 2 & KASHMIR JAPAN
- I's 9.4s* ? bYPRUSay oNt. : IRAN
Air A i'-' New YorkM.
Tokyo *
30? Azores
0.034 ? i .
Madeira Is. Gibraltar
0 Algiers Malta0e 4,.."=?._ ,34. IRAQ Teheran
Kabule6:Co,FIINA
OCEAN n PS * 'I. """
V ''''' ueirth LEBANON -
Bermuda OC
r.. oag oo
? I '-' *.a ...L....,
IFNI klk? TUNIS!: Cairo. ' q90.4 30? ,..
00 e'?.\ -a-
- .midway Is. \ Canary Is. i. ALGERIA KUWAIT Pr 0/ 0?
isfice . BRAIN \C.\
* Ar ?
amarcation A, ev? New Delhi ? -!'
-1 B9ha mas LIBYA UNITED . ?.,i Ryukyu ? ..Bonin Is.
? SPANISH. Line
MEXICO
? USA
BE
CUBA 4,7IN ARABQATAR
REPUBLICPACIFIC
? - Vi lc t4 REPUBLIC SAHARA Karachi INDIA
SAUDI ...
TRLICIAL *
'Ric?
.0-? Is. .
OCEAN
Taiwan
0 e? Y\i''\ 0004 l'???''
'??? Hawaii) Mexico 0 OMAN ,..),
BURMIA ?If 'VON
-le
.0(
Johnston
,,,,,,erto?,
City?* JAMAICA ' . virgin Is. 0
?=a Cape Verde Is. OW
BR HONDURAS ?;,nuadeloUpe NIGER
\ SENEGAL
-HONDURAS CHAD
'''
ARABIA
N
Khartoum
.* YEMEN MUSCAT & o
-0" . 16.
e I - *
O'Rangoon IP THA - -.LAOS
LAND VIET-NAM
if .
ONG ' -Wake
: Mariana Is.
Manila
?
\M. Barairibnaiciduoes 15?
pull,..Vracsa? Da or Dit MEY /40 ?MAN Brgko
NICARAGUA GAMBIA-- a PPE SUDAN FRENCH
CAMBODIA
? PHILIPPINES Gua'Z''' 15?
Marshall Is.
PACIFIC OCEAN
Palmyra
Christmas
-0.0??\j'Aot ri,.
,spo,.-' via--- 0,-
Gu 05? \IF'S) IN
_,.. so st.,?, I
Pi ..\-- c,P? IV
ik\
IP, ?Kt-
cps ,,,,-
I C4?
?TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 01, VOLTA 1 ,J_J 11,
nouis --, SOMALILAND.Socotra
''' ..eijk. Port-of- Spain PORTUGUESE ...
baba ?
GUINEA' NIGERIA
BR. GUIANA 111 IVORY
0 VENEZUELA SIERRA LEONE 0 ETH ro PIA
SURINAM COAST 0 CENTRAL "....
0 0
(?-?ficigat *Manrovta '2" AFRICAN REP.
4., NI
o_.., _,_ qmpFR. GUrNA t ' C> _?,%z?
1 LIBERIA 0 to ?-
AC; NPF;CrnandoPoo cf N'Is
"h..... '"" 0
0
? 41.*., 01111V-
/9
4,,,.,
CEYLON Si_ ',.
:c.,....) ,, ....
* MALAYSIA
Maldive Is. ?.75.
,
D,,,j
cr. - . . ??
/
TRUST TERRITORY
OF THE CI..F.IC ISLANDS
Caroline Is...,
I
/
. Pc'dean
/IRIAN
165? ' 150? 135? 120? 105? 90? `-r?--'
"V 45? 0? ? Princi re--1'. I NI" RWANDA KENYA c,
1356'
90? ,105, 120? 1 0" 165? 180?
.7.?..
?
Galapagos Is: '
ECUADOR
Marquesas -o
BRAZIL*
/3
C.-
* limo
Tuamotu o
I
'SZ o Tome i GABON s:, BButlj
RIO MUNI to
CONGO
CABINDA (Leopoldville)
'ascension
ANGOLA
RmNDr
UbaI '
uu
* UNITED REP. 0
TANGANYIKA% AND ZANZIBAR
Dar es
NORTH. 1 NYASALAND
RHODESIA
Seychelles..
Salaam
dor:lora Is.
1 ?
A
INDIAN ilor ;WEST
. ?
Djakarta .4?46.01A. N E s 1 i k ." ,P1
Chagos Is. .
* s- ? ocipze? ---,- .? PORTUGUESE
-... TIMOR
OCEAN
. Cocos Ciristmas io
(Keeling) Is
15?
..