TERRORISM REVIEW(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-01095R000100090002-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 28, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: July 26, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of Secrct
Intelligence MASTER FILE COPY
CO NOT CIVE OUT
IJi FilARK ON
Terrorism
Review
26 July 1984
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26 July 1984
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Terrorism
Review
26 July 1984
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Perspective?The Resurgent RAF
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Highlights 25X1
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"Narcoterrorism:" Two Dimensions of the Problem
13 Cuban Support for Terrorism in South America
23 International Terrorist Incidents Statistical Overview
25
Chronology
This review is published every other week by the Directorate of Intelligence.
Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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Terrorism
Review
26 July 1984
Perspective The Resurgent RAF
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The recent arrests of seven members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) and the dis-
covery that they possessed detailed plans and casing reports of various NATO and
US military installations indicate that the group is still active and extremely
dangerous. The RAF has not committed a terrorist act since 1981. This long
pause, coupled with successful West German counterterrorist operations against
the group in 1982, led some observers to conclude that the RAF was moribund.
Such judgments, it is now clear, failed to take adequate account of the group's his-
torical ability, even after enormous setbacks, to recruit new members and to
regenerate a leadership cadre. Despite the latest arrests
the threat to US interests posed by the RAF is currently as high as it ever
Apparently Successful Recruitment Program. Three of the persons recently
arrested had not previously been identified as RAF members.
there may be as many as 14 new members of the so-called
hardcore, the small group of people?rarely more than 2 dozen?at the center of
the organization who carry out terrorist operations. Apparently, an extremely
capable terrorist organization has been completely rebuilt
How the group was able to do this is a mystery,
It appears, however,
that many of the new members may not previously have been known to the police.
Moreover, some may have continued to live overt lives after joining the hardcore;
this would represent a significant change in RAF practice?historically, new
members defiantly signaled their accession to "Kommando" status by going
underground, even when they were not wanted by the police.
Same Targets?Same Tactics. the RAF is
still pursuing a two-pronged strategy of targeting symbols of "US imperialism"?
in this case US military facilities and the NATO pipeline?and leading members
of the West German establishment?in this case the judge presiding at the trial of
RAF leaders Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar, who were arrested late in
1982.
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GI TR 84-016
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BKA officials examining docu-
ments, money, and weapons re-
cently confiscated from the
RAF. Stern?
As in the past, obtaining the release of imprisoned members is another main goal
of the group.
Current Operational Capabilities. Since we do not know the current membership
of the RAF hardcore, it is difficult to estimate the current capabilities of the
group. Certainly the arrests of seven members, including four of the group's most
experienced and dangerous terrorists, together with the confiscation of weapons,
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money, and documents, significantly reduce its capabilities. On the other hand, the
type of operation the RAF had apparently been contemplating?bombings and
assassinations?would require neither a large number of participants nor much
special expertise. There are probably enough RAF terrorists remaining at large to
mount a significant operation if they want to.
the RAF had completed reconnaissance work on a number of potential targets
(chiefly US military facilities) and could strike without further preparations
suggest that the RAF has cached money, weapons,
and other supplies?
In conclusion
then, despite the arrests the RAF may well be capable?in terms of both personnel
and equipment?of mounting a major terrorist attack at any time.
Effect of the Arrests. The threat warning issued by the German authorities was
based on the capabilities and intentions of the group as revealed?or suggested?
by the evidence garnered during the arrests. What effect the arrests will have on
the commandos still free is not known. Judging by its past practices, the RAF will
not necessarily abandon its plans to attack particular targets, even though its
interest in these targets has now been revealed to the authorities. Furthermore, in
the past the RAF sometimes responded to government counterterrorism successes
by conducting retaliatory attacks of its own?the assassination of the Federal
Attorney General in 1977 was one example. But after the arrests of three RAF
leaders in late 1982 the remaining members of the hardcore of that time did not
retaliate; instead they went deeper into hiding.
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Secret
Alert Item
Key Indicators
Highlights
Iraq: Threats From the Dawa Party. On 28 June in a press release in Iran, the Ira-
nian-backed Dawa Party warned all foreign workers in Iraq to leave the country
by 17 July or face attacks by the Mujahedin, Dawa's action arm. The set date is
the anniversary of the Ba'th coup in Iraq. We believe the threat should be taken
seriously because the group has a demonstrated capacity to operate outside Iraq.
The Dawa spokesman in Tehran issued another credible threat on 7 July, warning
France and the Arab Gulf nations that their interests will be targets of Mujahedin
attacks if they continue to aid Iraq.
ETA Attacks on French Targets Explained. Leaders of the Basque Fatherland and
Freedom (ETA) have ordered armed attacks on French economic targets and
trucks, according to letters confiscated during a Spanish police raid on an ETA
member's home on 26 June. In the letters?written between February and June?
the ETA leadership criticized its illegal commandos for not using armed attacks to
put pressure on French President Francois Mitterrand to halt the expulsion of
ETA members from southern France. These letters help explain the rash of recent
attacks against French targets:
? On 27 June, the day following the expulsion of three Spanish Basque activists
from France, a group called Support for Prisoners and Basque Refugees
firebombed and heavily damaged an empty French tour bus in San Sebastian.
? On 10 July near Burgos, a French truck driver was injured when bombs planted
by ETA exploded under five French trucks. On 14 July in Pamplona, four
parked cars with French license plates were firebombed and an unsuccessful
attempt was made to burn a French tour bus. ETA is believed responsible.
France: Action Directe Renews Terrorist Campaign. In Paris, the leftwing
extremist group Action Directe (AD) claimed responsibility for three bomb attacks
during the period 12-14 July, seriously damaging two government buildings and an
independent think tank. Two AD factions claimed responsibility for the attacks:
the Ciro Rizzato Combat Unit, named after an Italian leftist killed last October in
a bank holdup, and the Lahouri Farid Benchellal Combat Unit, named for a
French leftist extremist found dead in a jail cell in Helsinki in January 1982.
French officials viewed the weekend attacks as a direct response to formal charges
filed on 13 July against three members of Action Directe for the murder of two
French policemen in a Paris shootout in May 1983. The attacks may represent the
beginning of a new offensive by the group, which is credited with more than 40
bombings in France since late 1981
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GI TR 84-016
26 July 1984
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Significant Developments
South Africa: Car Bomb Causes 31 Casualties. On 12 July in Durban, a car bomb
exploded outside a factory, killing five and wounding 26 civilians. The victims were
almost evenly divided between blacks and whites, although at least four of the
fatalities were blacks. African National Congress (ANC) terrorists probably were
responsible. The same type of car bomb was set off in the ANC-sponsored attack
in Durban in April of this year, which suggests that one terrorist team probably
carried out both attacks. The attack on a factory does not fit normal ANC
targeting practices, but, according to press reports, two trucks carrying South
African troops passed the site just prior to the explosion.
Angola: UNITA Bombs Pipeline. In the Cabinda Enclave, UNITA commandos
bombed an oil and gas pipeline owned by Gulf Oil on 13 July, killing 10 Angolans
and temporarily closing the pipeline. A UNITA communique stated that the
purpose of the action was to warn foreign oil companies to reassess their
cooperation with the Luanda regime. UNITA has been targeting foreign enti-
ties?whose expertise is necessary for Angola's economic survival?in hopes of
driving them from the country. This bombing, however, was UNITA's first
deliberate attack on a US target and its first major action in the strategic Cabinda
Enclave.
France: GAL Methods Changing. Antiterrorist activities by the Antiierrorist
Liberation Front (GAL), whose aim is "to pursue Basque terrorists wherever they
may be," appear to be shifting from assassinations to less discriminate bombings.
GAL recently claimed credit for an attack on 10 July in St. Jean de Luz in which
two men on a motorcycle hurled a bomb into a bar frequented by Spanish Basque
exiles, injuring one Basque and two others. GAL also claimed responsibility for a
bombing on 15 June on the Basque coast that wounded two Spanish Basques and
slightly injured two others. Widespread public speculation links Spanish security
forces to GAL activities. If so, the tendency toward indiscriminate attacks might
reflect loss of control by the security forces.
Peru: Sendero Luminoso Bombing Campaign Includes Soviet Targets. On 17 July
Shining Path terrorists conducted coordinated bombing attacks against high
tension towers, Peru's main hydroelectric plant, and commercial targets. Lima and
six cities were blacked out, and one policeman was killed. The group also bombed
Soviet facilities for the first time, causing structural damage to the Lima offices of
the Soviet Airline Aeroflot, the Novosti News Agency, and the Soviet-Peruvian
Cultural Institute in Arequipa.
Lebanon: Anti-Libyan Terrorism. In recent weeks, the Shia extremist Musa Sadr
Brigades have launched several operations against Libyan diplomatic targets in
Beirut in an attempt to eliminate Libyan presence and influence in Lebanon:
? On 23 June, gunmen from the Musa Sadr Brigades kidnaped Mustafa al-
Maghribi, a senior diplomat at the Libyan People's Bureau Embassy in West
Beirut. Amal militiamen rescued Maghribi the same day and turned him over to
Syrian military intelligence.
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? On 9 July, gunmen claiming to be members of the Musa Sadr Brigades kidnaped
Muhammad Fayturi, the Libyan Charge. The kidnapers warned all Libyan
diplomats to leave Lebanon. The kidnapers released Fayturi later in the day;
press reports indicate most of the staff of the Libyan Embassy had gone from
Muslim West Beirut to Christian East Beirut by 10 July.
? On 11 July, the Brigades bombed the Libyan Chancellery, causing extensive
damage to the building, but?since it was empty?no casualties. The group said
the bombing was conducted to protest the scheduled visit of Libyan Foreign
Secretary Turayki to Beirut and threatened Turayki's life if he came to
Lebanon. Despite these threats, Turayki met with President Gemayel and Prime
Minister Karami in Baabda on 12 July and presented a message of support from
Colonel Qadhafi.
The Musa Sadr Brigades believe Libya murdered the Imam Musa as-Sadr, their
religious leader who disappeared in August 1978 while visiting Tripoli, Libya.
Prior to the most recent incidents, the group had attacked Libyan targets six times
in various countries since 1979. The extremist Shias are likely to attack Libyan in-
terests again if Tripoli attempts to bring its diplomats back to West Beirut.
Austria: Al Zulfiqar Targets Americans. On 6 July, Viennese police arrested nine
terrorists belonging to.the Pakistani group Al Zulfiqar. Interrogation revealed that
the band, which had come from India by way of Rome and Damascus, had
intended to seize American hostages as a means of putting pressure on the
Pakistani Government to free 200 political prisoners. The obviously unsophisticat-
ed terrorists were well equipped?three machine pistols, seven automatic pistols,
five handgrenades, and a kilo grain of plastic explosive?but on 1 July bungled
their first operation, an effort to seize a number of Americans and Canadians
attending a reception at a major hotel (they could not find the reception). Five days
later the terrorists were arrested when a hotel clerk reported their suspicious
behavior to Austrian police. The Vienna incident is the first one we know of in
which Al Zulfiqar has plotted a direct attack on Americans outside of Pakistan.
India: Sikhs Hijack Airliner. Exactly one month after Indian armed forces
stormed the Golden Temple, a group of nine Sikhs hijacked an Indian domestic
airliner on 5 July and diverted it to Lahore, Pakistan. The plane and its 260
passengers and crew were held hostage for more than 24 hours before the terrorists
surrendered to Pakistani police. The hijackers, who are members of the banned
All-India Sikh Students Federation, had threatened to blow up the plane with the
hostages on it unless India paid a ransom of $25 million and released Sikh
prisoners from the Golden Temple takeover. The ease with which the Sikhs took
over the aircraft is alarming, considering that Indian security forces had been
anticipating Sikh terrorist attacks on domestic and foreign airliners.
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Afghanistan: Al Zuifigar Terrorist Leader Executed. On 10 July in Kabul, the
Afghan regime's press agency announced the recent execution of Muhammad
Salimullah Tippu, alias Alamgir, an important member of the anti-Pakistan
terrorist group Al Zulfiqar. Tippu had been the leader of a terrorist band which hi-
jacked a Pakistani plane to Kabul in March 1981 and killed one Pakistani
passenger. According to the announcement, Tippu?who had allegedly reentered
the country illegally?was executed for the crime of hijacking, for the murder
committed during the hijacking, and for another murder. It is probably no
coincidence that the execution took place as international air carriers are
considering lifting sanctions imposed upon Afghanistan in the wake of the 1981 hi-
jacking.
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"Narcoterrorism:"
Two Dimensions
of the Problem
Over the past few years, a new term?"narcoterror-
ism"?has entered the popular lexicon. Generally it
refers to the involvement of terrorist and insurgent
groups in drug trafficking activities, a linkage which
seems to be increasing, although by no means univer-
sal. This involvement may be direct as in the case of
the Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia
(FARC), which as a matter of policy systematically
engages in illegal drug cultivation and trafficking.
The role of Turkey's rightist Grey Wolves in heroin
trafficking also appeared to be fairly well organized in
the late 1970s and early 1980s. More often, however,
the involvement appears to be indirect. In some cases,
for example, it centers on extortion of money and
arms from traffickers who operate, in territory con-
trolled by antigovernment elements. Sometimes, sub-
ordinate members of a terrorist or insurgent organiza-
tion may conduct drug deals without the knowledge of
their leaders. Although traditional criminal elements
will continue to dominate the international drug
trade, the potential funding available to terrorist/in-
surgent groups from even limited involvement in drug
trafficking is substantial.
While attention recently has been focused on terror-
ist/insurgent links to drug trafficking, there is anoth-
er, although less discussed, side to narcoterrorism?
the increasing use of terrorism by traditional traffick-
ing groups. Extreme violence has long been a part of
the drug milieu, and gunfights between traffickers
and police are nothing new. Additionally, most major
traffickers still prefer to thwart antinarcotics meas-
ures through the time-honored techniques of bribery
and political manipulation. Nevertheless, drug traf-
fickers have begun to engage in a qualitatively differ-
ent level of violence, striking boldly at high-level
officials and the visible symbols of law and order in a
systematic attempt to intimidate and deter govern-
ments from pursuing strong antinarcotics policies.
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Although it is not "pure" terrorism, this violence
appears to go beyond traditional criminal activity. It
is aimed at an audience larger than the intended
victim and has been accompanied?at least in Latin
America?by a political message, albeit a crude one.
One major Colombian trafficker has established his
own rightwing political party.
This new level of violence reflects two forces in
collision. On one hand there are the immense profits
to be garnered by catering to the growing demand for
illegal drugs worldwide. On the other hand, more
governments have taken or are threatening to take
increasingly stringent measures in an effort to close
the wide gap between the level of illicit drug consump-
tion and the provisions of the law:
? On 30 April, gunmen reportedly hired by drug
trafficking kingpins shot Colombian Minister of
Justice Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, in what was possibly
the most significant political assassination in the
country since the 1948 murder of Liberal leader
Jorge Gaitan. Lara had been an outspoken opponent
of the traffickers, and his death appears to have
been a clear-cut effort to deter other officials in-
volved in drug enforcement.
? Also in Colombia, in February, traffickers killed a
young attorney and official of the New Liberal
Party in broad daylight on a crowded street. The
lawyer was a major supporter of the 1982 treaty
providing for the extradition of Colombian drug
traffickers to the United States. Systematic violence
by Colombia's highly organized trafficking groups
has also intimidated journalists and in many cases
paralyzed the judicial system.
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GI TR 84-016
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? Since 1979, nearly a dozen prominent Italian offi-
cials have been assassinated gangland style for
maximum public effect by the Sicilian Mafia. Al-
though the Mafia has always been violence prone,
the ongoing attacks against high officials coincide
with the organization's full-scale entry into the
heroin business in the late 1970s. The most impor-
tant assassination was the September 1982 slaying
of anti-Mafia Chief Carlo Alberto della Chiesa
whose death was described as a "mortal challenge"
to the state. In his annual report for 1983, Italy's
top public prosecutor described Mafia killings as
"terrorist acts." The accused Mafia killers of Judge
Rocco Chinnici, who was slain by a car bomb last
year, are being tried under laws formerly used only
against terrorists.
? Peru and Bolivia could be on the verge of a qualita-
tive increase in traffickers' use of terrorist tactics.
Traffickers in the Upper Huallaga Valley of Peru
have used violence effectively against low-level
workers to deter them from participating in a US-
sponsored coca eradication/crop substitution proj-
ect. Higher level officials could and probably would
be targeted if necessary. In Bolivia, traffickers have
threatened retaliation if the government implements
a 1983 coca eradication/crop substitution accord
with the United States. Several years ago, when
traffickers virtually controlled the government of
Gen. Garcia Meza, they used rightwing Italian
terrorists as enforcers to limit the competition.
Given that experience, Bolivian traffickers are fully
capable of unleashing systematic violence against
the Siles government or any other that would
seriously attempt to implement the coca control
agreement. In June 1983, Bolivia's biggest traffick-
er, Roberto Suarez Gomez, temporarily took over
the town of San Borja in the remote coca-growing
Beni Department. In effect, he held the town hos-
tage to demonstrate that he, not the government,
controlled developments in that area.
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Like traditional terrorists, traffickers who opt to
challenge the authority of the state may provoke
harsh countermeasures. Yet in the longer term, traf-
fickers appear to have a greater chance of attaining
their goals through systematic violence than do terror-
ists. Unlike traditional terrorists who often seek wide-
ranging changes in society, traffickers who use vio-
lence to intimidate generally are after more specific,
limited objectives, such as the curtailment of antinar-
cotics measures. According to one academic expert on
the subject, terrorism is more likely to be successful
when used for narrowly defined goals. Additionally,
many societies exhibit an ambivalence toward firm
drug control. Although there are fundamental differ-
ences between the aims of traffickers and terrorists,
the systematic use of violence by drug traffickers can
delegitimize and erode the authority of the state in the
same manner as traditional terrorist activity.
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Cuban Support
for Terrorism
in South America
In June 1983 Cuban Vice President Carlos Rafael
Rodriguez acknowledged publicly what other Cuban
leaders, including Fidel Castro, had admitted in the
past?that one of Havana's basic aims is to foster
socialist revolution throughout Latin America. In
formulating policies to attain this goal, Cuba divides
countries of interest into two broad categories:
? "Operational targets," where either conditions are
ripe for revolutionary activity or regimes have
earned Castro's particular antagonism. Here Cuba
encourages terrorist and guerrilla groups to cooper-
ate and foment violence by offering training, arms,
funds, technical support, and advice.
? "Political targets," where regimes are less vulnera-
ble and revolutionary potential is low. There Ha-
vana seeks to improve diplomatic and economic ties
to overcome its isolation, further Castro's Third
World leadership aspirations, and compete with the
United States for hemispheric backing. Even in
those countries, Cuba sometimes supports leftist
terrorist groups.
Consequently, in the last 15 years or so, in almost
every instance of leftist terrorism in South America a
Cuban hand has been somehow involved. (Peru is the
signal exception: the Sendero Luminoso apparently
wants nothing to do with Havana.)
Argentina
Cuban connections with Argentina's terrorist
groups?the Montoneros and the People's Revolution-
ary Army?date from at least the early 1970s. Ha-
vana provided training, funds, and advice, particularly
after 1974, when President Juan Peron's death led to
a resurgence in terrorist activity. Following the mili-
tary coup in 1976, the Argentine terrorist groups were
crushed, and two Cuban Embassy employees suspect-
ed of aiding guerrillas were apparently killed. These
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developments, along with growing Argentine-Cuban
trade ties led Havana to scale back its involvement in
1977, although it has continued to train, fund, and
offer haven to Montoneros who fought in the Nicara-
guan revolution and are operating in Central America
and elsewhere in the hemisphere. The Falklands war
in 1982 produced closer bilateral ties and continued
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sin's inauguration last December, Argentina granted
Cuba trade credits worth US $600 million over three
years.
Bolivia
Following the failure of Che Guevara's Bolivian cam-
paign in 1967, successive governments in La Paz held
Cuba at diplomatic arm's length until the inaugura-
tion of leftist civilian President Siles in October 1982.
Siles, his vice president, and a number of his advisers
had close contact with Havana during their preceding
years in exile,
Sies
established formal diplomatic relations with Cuba in
early 1983, although out of deference to Washington,
La Paz has held ties to the charge level and has not
opened an embassy in Havana
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Brazil
The Brazilian leftist terrorists who received Cuban
aid in the mid-1960s were virtually destroyed by the
security services. Because the few remaining members
have been unable to organize effectively or stage any
significant activities, Havana apparently has decided
they do not deserve serious support. Moreover, as a
result of Brasilia's gradual political liberalization
since the late 1970s, the pro-Soviet Brazilian Commu-
nist Party has been permitted to campaign for legal
status, further splintering former terrorist groups and
reducing the revolutionary potential in Brazil. Thus,
since the present military government took power in
1979, Havana has primarily sought renewed diplo-
matic and trade ties. These efforts have made little
progress, but Castro is probably counting on the
restoration of civilian rule next year to improve his
position with Brazil.
Chile
Havana has maintained ties to the main Chilean
terrorist group, the Movement of the Revolutionary
Left (MIR), since the late 1960s. The relationship
expanded after the 1973 military coup against Presi-
dent Allende,
and Havana provided guerrilla warfare training in
Cuba for hundreds of Chileans.
Castro attaches special importance
to undermining the Pinochet regime, both because of
its strident anti-Communism and because it toppled
the Cuban-backed Allende government.
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In addition, the US Embassy suspects Havana
may also be backing the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic
Front, a shadowy group that has claimed responsibil-
ity for numerous recent bombings.
Colombia
Cuba offered limited support to guerrillas in Colom-
bia beginning in the 1960s, but agreed not to interfere
in Colombia's domestic affairs in 1975 when the two
countries renewed diplomatic relations. Bogota sus-
pended ties again in 1981 when it became clear that
Castro?encouraged by the Sandinista victory in
1979 and embittered by Colombian competition that
caused Havana to lose its bid for a UN Security
Council seat?had resumed training, arming, and
advising insurgents of the 19th of April Movement
(M-19).
Cubans may still be providing arms to the guerrillas.
Occasional public revelations of continuing Cuban
connections with the insurgents
and the Colombian military's strong opposition to
renewed diplomatic relations continue to force Presi-
dent Betancur to hold off on normalizing ties.
Ecuador
For some years Cuba has utilized the Ecuadorean
Communist Party and other local radical leftist
groups to promote anti-US demonstrations and propa-
ganda activities
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Febres Cordero, the conservative President-
elect who assumes office in August, told the US
Embassy recently that he intends to maintain diplo-
matic relations with Cuba as long as it does not
interfere in Ecuador's internal affairs. He will proba-
bly immediately suspect Havana, however, if terrorist
activity begins to plague his government.
Paraguay
Since the early 1960s Cuba has demonstrated only
sporadic interest in assisting anti-Stroessner groups in
Paraguay, because none
of these groups have realistic insurgent potential and
because Castro has not considered conditions in Para-
guay favorable for revolutionary activities. The Para-
guayan Government has no diplomatic relations with
Cuba, and, according to US Embassy reporting,
President Stroessner closely monitors Cuban and So-
viet activities in neighboring countries. Stroessner,
nevertheless, recognizes the antipathy Soviet Bloc
countries feel toward his regime, and he uses what he
views as an imminent international Communist threat
as the main justification for his authoritarian rule.
Peru
Cuba supported unsuccessful Peruvian guerrillas in
the mid-1960s. In the 1970s Cuba avoided interfering
in Peru because of the Soviet Union's desire not to
endanger its growing arms supply relationship with
the country. In April 1980, diplomatic relations be-
tween Peru and Cuba were reduced to the charge
level because of a diplomatic dispute and trade prob-
lems. The Belaunde administration has maintained
polite but distant relations at the same level since it
succeeded the militar re ime in Jul 1980.
Uruguay
Uruguay's Tupamaro guerrillas, one of the most
effective terrorist forces in the world in the late 1960s,
were stamped out domestically in the early 1970s.
Since that time, Cuba has provided safehaven and
training and possibly some arms and funding to
Tupamaros in exile. In September 1979
100 to 200 Tupamaros
had returned to Cuba after fighting with the Sandi-
nistas in Nicaragua.
15
Uruguay does
not have diplomatic relations with Cuba, a situation
that is not likely to change soon.
Venezuela
Although Cuba actively supported Venezuelan insur-
gents in the 1960s,
The Castro regime has probably been re-
strained by its desire to improve diplomatic and
economic relations with Caracas, by its recognition of
popular opposition to revolutionary violence in Vene-
zuela, and by the absence of a viable homegrown
movement to which aid could be funneled. Venezue-
la's only significant terrorist movement, Bandera Roja
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oecret
(Red Flag), has taken a severe drubbing from the
security forces over the past two years or so, and most
of its leaders are in prison. Earlier this spring Cuba
made a major push to persuade the newly elected
Lusinchi administration to normalize relations, which
had been downgraded in 1980 over a diplomatic
incident. President Lusinchi's distaste for Castro-style
Communism, however, along with his distrust of
Cuban motives and actions in Central America, has
been reinforced by the brutal way Havana has dealt
with Cuban citizens seeking asylum at the Venezue-
lan Embassy in Havana. Consequently, the prospects
for an upgrading of ties between the two governments
currently appear remote.
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International Terrorist Incidents
Statistical Overview-1984
By Type
Total
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1984
Total
1983
56
40
63
55
55
44
313
500
Armed attack
17
14
19
13
6
7
76
68
Arson
5
2
5
4
7
9
32
49
Assault
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
Barricade
0
2
1
1
0
2
6
35
Bombing
22
8
30
31
35
21
147
262
Hijacking
0
2
0
0
1
0
3
6
Kidnaping
2
7
4
1
1
5
20
40
Other
10
5
3
5
5
0
28
40
By Region
Total
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1984
Total
1983
56
40
63
55
55
44
313
500
North America
0
1
1
1
1
1
5
12
Latin America
7
5
5
16
21
1
55
128
Western Europe
19
14
19
19
22
17
110
186
USSR/Eastern Europe
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
4
Sub-Saharan Africa
8
3
4
4
0
2
21
17
Mideast and North Africa
16
16
28
14
10
22
106
114
Asia/other
6
1
5
1
1
0
14
39
By Category of Victim or Installation Attacked
Total
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1984
Total
1983
56
40
63
55
55
44
313
500
Diplomatic
10
10
16
7
6
7
56
213
Military
6
4
4
5
5
8
32
92
Other government
7
1
13
18
17
7
58
28
Business
20
13
15
13
18
6
85
70
Other
13
12
15
12
14
16
82
97
Note: Figures are subject to change as additional information is
received.
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Secret
International Terrorist Incidents. 1983-84
Total Incidents 140
=I 1983
LII 1984
120
100
80
60
40
20
Incidents Involving US Persons
or Facilities
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Deaths and Injuries
Number of Victims
800
700
600
500
400
300
303260 7-84
Secret
J FM A MJ J A S OND
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25 May 1984
6 June 1984
16 June 1984
18 June 1984
21 June 1984
27 June 1984
Chronology
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described in the
Highlights at the front of this publication are not included.
Northern Italy: Terrorists Killed in Explosion
In Bolzano, two men died when a bomb exploded in their possession. Police
identified both men as members of a German-speaking terrrorist group which
supports self-determination in Italy's Alto Adige (South Tirol).
Angola: UNITA Continues Urban Terrorism
In Matala, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)
bombed a Cuban residence, killing five Cubans. In Sao Joao, two UNITA bombs
exploded?one in the Angolan Oil Company Commissioner's office ?killing at
least 12 Angolan soldiers and three Cubans. Cubans have been major targets in
UNITA's recent urban terrorist campaign.
South Africa: Arrest of ANC Terrorists
In Durban, security forces arrested three African National Congress (ANC)
activists for threatening to destroy shops if merchants failed to close them on the
anniversary of the Soweto riots, one suspect admitted he
had received training in East Germany.
Spain: Civil Servant Slain
In Ispaster, members of the military wing of Basque Fatherland and Liberty
(ETA/M) shot and killed a civil servant.
Turkey: Security Forces Round Up Militants
In a shootout with police in Ordu Province, three members of Revolutionary Way
(Dev Yol) were killed, one was wounded, and two were captured unharmed. Arms
and ammunition were also seized.
Israel: Bombs Defused
On 27 June in a Jewish area of West Jerusalem, Israeli police defused a bomb
found on a crowded bus. On 5 July in Tel Aviv, Israeli police defused an explosive
charge found at a bus stop. Palestinian extremists were probably responsible for
both attempted bombings. Palestinian groups claimed responsibility for several
attacks on Israeli buses earlier this year.
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28 June 1984
29 June 1984
Late June 1984
June-July 1984
Secret
Guadeloupe: Explosives Seized
Near Point-au-Pitre, authorities seized 55 kilograms of explosives. Two people
were arrested, and a third is being sought. Each is from a different leftist group.
This is the first public evidence of cooperation among leftists in Guadeloupe
Lebanon: Algerian Ambassador's Residence Attacked
In Beirut, Amal militiamen fired machineguns and rockets at the Algerian
Ambassador's residence. Guards at the residence returned the fire. The reason for
the attack is unknown. Algerian diplomats later met with officials from various
organizations to try to prevent further attacks.
India: Two Suspicious Iranians Arrested
In Bombay, two Iranians were arrested at the airport when Indian authorities
discovered they were carrying explosives and a loaded pistol with a silencer. The
weapons were found in the false bottom of a suitcase. Indian police believe the men
came to India to attack anti-Khomeini exiles, but they also are concerned about
reports that Punjab terrorists receive aid from Iranian agents.
Honduras: Members of Cinchoneros Arrested
In San Pedro Sula, police, acting on a tip from a jealous girlfriend, arrested seven
people believed to be members of the Cinchoneros terrorist organization, which
was responsible for multiple bombings in late March. The police also confiscated
weapons, explosives, and leftist literature.
Sudan: Rebels Still Hold West German Hostages
In southern Sudan, rebels took the director of the West German volunteer
program hostage. He had contacted them in hopes of gaining the release of two
Germans taken hostage in May. The director later managed to escape.
Somalia: Rebels Initiate Terrorist Strikes
In Hargeisa, Somali National Movement commandos claimed to have bombed the
home of a regime supporter and the local government headquarters. The rebels
threatened to assassinate regime officials and suggested they might already have
been involved in an assassination attempt against the Minister of the Interior.
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Early July 1984
1 July 1984
1-6 July 1984
2 July 1984
Mozambique: Expulsion of ANC Officials
Press reports indicate that the Maputo regime has expelled at least seven senior
African National Congress (ANC) officials including Joe Slovo, chief strategist of
the ANC's military wing. If true, the expulsions further demonstrate
Mozambique's willingness to eliminate the terrorist threat to South Africa from its
territory in compliance with the Nkomati Accord.
France: Members of Action Directe Arrested
Police arrested three members of the military arm of Action Directe (AD) during
the course of a holdup in Paris.
Iraq: Kurds Release Two Foreign Hostages
Near the Turkish border, members of the Democratic Party of Iraqi Kurdistan
released two European technicians who had been held by the group since
February. They reported having been held with several other foreigners in a
mountain camp. This Kurdish group is known to be still holding a West German
and an Austrian kidnaped on 15 June and three Frenchmen captured in December
last year.
France: Iranian Agents Arrested
In a city in northern France, three Shias were arrested by authorities as suspected
Iranian agents. The suspects are Moroccan, Algerian, and Iranian nationals and
are the same individuals expelled from the United Kingdom in May for plotting to
assassinate an anti-Khomeini Iranian journalist in London.
Uganda: Rebels Turning to Terrorism?
Near Kampala, rebels of the National Resistance Army fighting the Obote
government captured a senior official of the governing party. After shooting him in
each arm and breaking a number of ribs and other bones, the rebels released the
official with an ultimatum demanding that the regime negotiate with the
movement. This is the first instance we have noted in which the rebels used
terrorist tactics against the regime.
Peru: State of Emergency Extended
Armed attacks against security forces and installations by Sendero Luminoso
killed two civil guards and injured four. Bombings of the Ministry of Education,
banks, and communications and power facilities claimed three civilian lives. In
Huancayo, Sendero Luminoso terrorists bombed the US-affiliated Binational
Center causing $15,000 damage but no injuries; security forces arrested 38
suspects. As a result of these attacks the Belaunde government has extended the
state of emergency for 30 days.
Lebanon: Newspaper Office Attacked
Unidentified attackers fired a rocket at the building of the L'Orient-Le Jour
newspaper, which also houses an office of UPI. The bomb reportedly caused
extensive damage and injured one person.
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3 July 1984
4 July 1984
4-5 July 1984
5-6 July 1984
6 July 1984
Spain: Retired Army Officer Slain
In Portu-Galete, a retired Army officer was shot and killed, probably by members
of ETA/M.
Lebanon: Israelis Bomb Radical Shia Camp
Israeli warplanes conducted two bombing raids against the Janta camp in the
Bekaa Valley. The camp is used by Iranian-backed extremist Shia groups.
Yugoslavia: Explosion Viewed as Anti-Tito
In Belgrade, a bomb blast damaged a plaque and monument located in a park
dedicated to the memory of the late President Tito. The explosion occurred on the
eve of countrywide celebrations to mark the World War II resistance of Tito's
partisan forces, leading the Yugoslav press to conclude that the explosion was
intended to dishonor the memory of the former president.
Greece: Two More Libyans Murdered
In Athens, two Libyan dental students were found brutally murdered in their
apartment. In a crime reminiscent of Libyan killings of anti-Qadhafi students in
1980 and 1981, the two were beaten, strangled, and gagged before being shot twice
in the back. The victims, who were opponents of the Qadhafi regime, almost
certainly were killed by Libyan agents continuing Qadhafi's murder campaign
against his domestic opponents in exile.
Lebanon: Attack on Palestinian Camp
Three unidentified armed men drove into the Burj al-Barajinah camp in the
southern suburbs of Beirut and opened fire on camp residents, killing two and
wounding two.
Sri Lanka: Tamil Bombings, Attack on Police Station
In the eastern town of Ampara, seven young men believed to be Tamils attacked a
police station, wounding two policemen and stealing 20 assorted weapons. The next
day, three business establishments on the Jaffna peninsula were bombed, resulting
in one person dead and two others wounded. Twelve more bombs went off along
roads in Jaffna city, but did no damage and produced no casualties.
Namibia: Seven Injured in Three Bomb Attacks
In Namibia, seven people were injured in three bombings of business and
residential targets. The South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)
probably planted the bombs. SWAPO has recently increased its attacks on civilian
targets.
Bulgaria: Court Imposes Death Sentence for Bomb Killings
In Sofia, a Bulgarian court sentenced a man to death for an April bombing that
killed five people and injured nine.
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7 July 1984
9 July 1984
10 July 1984
Lebanon: Car Bomb Kills Civilians in Jubayl
A car bomb exploded in the town of Jubayl, in a Lebanese Forces area north of
Beirut. Three passengers were killed and several others were wounded. No one
claimed credit for the bombing.
Spain: Bombings in Cities Damage Buildings
In the cities of Madrid, Cordoba, Seville, Malaga, Gijon, and Barcelona,
coordinated bomb attacks resulted in injury to one person and damage to eight
buildings. The First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) claimed
responsibility for the attacks.
Turkey: Bombing Injures Two
In Istanbul, a bomb blast at the Chamber of Industry injured two passers-by and
caused structural damage to the building. No group claimed credit for the
bombing.
Iraq: A Dubious Dawa Claim
The Mujahedin of the Iranian-directed Iraqi Dawa Party claimed that one of its
members drove a truck loaded with 100 kilograms of explosives into an Iraqi Army
headquarters, killing many Iraqis. The attack cannot be confirmed, and we doubt
it occurred.
Panama: Explosion in Government Building
In Panama City, a small homemade bomb exploded in a restroom at the Finance
Ministry, causing some damage but no injuries. The "Gutierrez-Gomez Caloma
Resistance," a previously unknown group said to have been formed in reaction to
the recent electoral outcome in Panama, has claimed responsibility. Bombing
incidents are unusual in this country, the only ones in recent memory being the
1983 actions of a deranged expoliceman.
Corsica: Bombs Target French Real Estate
In Ajaccio, 26 explosions damaged banks, apartments, and other property owned
by mainland Frenchmen; injuries occurred. These were the first bombings since
the French Government dissolved Corsica's first elected regional assembly last
month. No one claimed responsibility, but the bombings are typical of the pattern
adopted by the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC), which seeks
independence from France.
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12 July 1984
14 July 1984
Lebanon: Mayor Killed in Southern Lebanon
The mayor of a town south of Sidon was killed by a bomb that exploded in his car
as he was driving to work. An anti-Israeli group calling itself the Lebanese
National Resistance Front claimed responsibility for the attack and warned that
other "Israeli agents" would suffer a similar fate.
Syria: Possible Assassination Attempt Against Vice President Khaddam
Near Damascus, a small bomb exploded in a parked car as another car carrying
Vice President Khaddam passed by. No one was injured. The US Embassy
reported that initially Khaddam suspected that supporters of his rival, Vice
President Rif at Assad, were responsible, since the attack took place in an area
under control of Assad's forces. Others, such as Palestinians, Lebanese Christians,
or the Muslim Brotherhood, however, also have motives for attacking a senior
Syrian official. Moreover, the small size of the bomb argues it was not a serious
assassination attempt.
Greece: Bomb Defused at Radio-TV Station
In Athens, police defused an improvised explosive device planted near a crowded
snack bar in the headquarters of the state-run television channel, ERT-1. The
bomb, set to explode during peak operating hours, could have caused serious
damage and injuries. No one claimed responsibility for the incident.
West Bank: Bombs Found Near Jewish Settlement
For the second time in a week a bomb was found on a road near the Shilo
settlement. A local Arab newspaper noted that two of the accused Jewish terrorists
now on trial live in the settlement. Police, suspecting the bombs were placed by
Palestinians, imposed a curfew on a nearby Arab village.
Ecuador: AVC Occupies Newspaper Offices
In Guayaquil, armed members of Alfaro Vive Carajo (AVC) forced employees of
the Extra and Expresso newspapers to publish a proclamation accusing the
government of torturing AVC members arrested during an attempted bank
robbery.
Spain: Bombing and Bank Robbery
In Barcelona, four suspected members of GRAPO robbed a French bank of $1,860
and planted a bomb that destroyed the bank. There were no serious injuries.
Spain: ETA Terrorists Extradited
Two of four ETA terrorists arrested in Belgium in 1983 were extradited to Spain
after the Spanish Government promised Belgian authorities they would receive a
fair trial. Reprisal threats from ETA have been reported by the Spanish press
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14-15 July 1984
15 July 1984
Mid-July 1984
16 July 1984
Lebanon: Newspaper Editor Attacked
In West Beirut, unidentified gunmen attacked the home of Talal Salman, editor of
the leftist newspaper As Scifir, wounding Salman and two bodyguards. As Sour
reportedly receives Libyan funding. The attack sparked a one-day strike by the
Lebanese press. Although no group claimed responsibility, several groups,
including extremist Shias and the Lebanese Forces, presumably have motives for
conducting the attack.
France: Bombing, Vandalism by French Basque Extremists
In St. Jean de Luz, tires were slashed on 80 cars from outside the area. On Sunday
morning a tourist office in St. Jean Pied de Port was damaged by a bomb
explosion. The French Basque group Iparretarrak claimed responsibility for the
bombing; it was probably also responsible for the tire slashings, which were
reminiscent of its antitourist campaign two years ago.
South Africa: Bombings by New Terrorist Group
In Soweto, the South African Suicide Squad (SASS) claimed credit for the
firebombing of the home of a black labor union leader, who is a prominent
advocate of foreign investment in South Africa. According to the press, SASS has
been setting off about one bomb a week since it appeared earlier this year. The US
Consulate in Johannesburg believes the group is probably composed of "free-
lance" terrorists, rather than being part of ANC, the major black resistance
organization.
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Israel: Searching Ships for Terrorists
Off the coast of Lebanon, Israeli naval forces intercepted a Lebanese merchant
ship reportedly involved in a failed attempt to land terrorists in Israel from rubber
boats. said no terrorists were 25X1
on board when the ship was stopped, but interrogation of the crew revealed details
of the alleged plot, which apparently was to take place some three weeks earlier.
the Israeli Defense Forces has been stopping various suspicious 25X1
ships at sea. On 29 June, Israeli forces stopped a Cypriot ferry and brought it to
Haifa because the IDF reportedly had information that terrorists were on board;
Israel is still holding two Palestinian passengers from the ferry. The IDF believes
Palestinian terrorists were planning a major operation before the 20 July Knesset
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Spain: Bombings of Government Offices
In Barcelona, Tarragona, and Torrente four bomb explosions caused structural
damage to government offices. There were no casualties. The Catalan separatist
group Terra Lliure claimed responsibility for the two explosions in Torrente, and
police suspect they were also responsible for those in Barcelona and Tarragona.
Beirut: Jewish Leader Murdered
A leader of the Beirut Jewish community was found murdered near Beirut
Airport. Amal militiamen reportedly had warned him to sever his ties with Israel
or his life would be in danger.
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20 July 1984
Japan: Coordinated Firebombings
In cities across Japan, terrorists set off a series of firebombs at nine locations
within a two-hour span. The targets included two US Navy communications
facilities and several offices concerned with promoting relations between Japan
and South Korea. Japanese police suspect the bombings were the work of the
radical leftist Battle Flag Faction. The firebombs ranged from simple oily rags to
Molotov cocktails and sophisticated timed devices; there were no casualties in the
attacks and damage to all of the facilities was minor.
El Salvador: Assemblyman Shot
In San Salvador, a rightwing ARENA party deputy to the legislative assembly
was shot four times by four unknown assailants. He is reported to be in guarded
condition. The incident, assumed to be an assassination attempt, occurred in a
restaurant. While no group has claimed credit, officials suspect the Revolutionary
Party of Central America (PRTC). A member of the FMLN, the PRTC has
claimed responsibility for a number of recent assassinations.
Lebanon: Soviet Embassy Attacked
In West Beirut, a rocket-propelled grenade hit the Soviet Embassy, causing
damage but no casualties. The pro-Iranian Islamic Jihad Organization claimed
responsibility for the attack. Another group calling itself Sharp Sword?previously
unheard of?also claimed responsibility.
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