TERRORIST ATTACKS AGAINST DIPLOMATS

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CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1
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RIFPUB
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K
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16
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December 20, 2016
Document Release Date: 
October 16, 2007
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28
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Publication Date: 
December 1, 1981
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Terrorist Attacks Against Diplomats A statistical overview of international terrorist attacks on diplomatic personnel and facilities from January 1968 to June 1981 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Terrorism: The threat or use of violence for political purposes by individuals or groups, whether acting for or in opposi- tion to established governmental author- ity, when such actions are intended to shock or intimidate a target group wider than the immediate victims. International Terrorism: (a) Terrorism conducted with the support of a foreign government or organization. (b) Terror- ism directed against foreign nationals, institutions, or governments. International terrorism has involved groups seeking to overthrow specific regimes, to rectify na- tional or group grievances, or to under- mine international order as an end in itself. Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Terrorist Attacks Against Diplomats The number of international terrorist inci- dents against diplomats and diplomatic facilities has increased dramatically since 1978 and, based on trends through June, is likely to be higher in 1981 than in any other previous year. The number of casual- ties from attacks against diplomats has also increased. The casualties reached a high in 1979 and 1980 but are likely to be down slightly in 1981. International Terrorist Incidents Against Foreign Diplomats Attacks against diplomats have grown more widespread each year. In 1970 there were 213 attacks against diplomats from 31 countries. In 1978 there were 281 at- tacks against diplomats from 59 nations. And by 1980 the number had climbed to 409 attacks against diplomats from 60 countries. I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1968 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Total incidents: 2,688 1981 projection is based on the percentage of attacks that occured during the first six months of each year from 1968 until 1980. Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Deaths and Injuries Due to International Terrorist Attacks Against Foreign Diplomats Total killed: 381 Total wounded: 824 1981 projection is based on the percentage of attacks that occur during the first six months of each year from 1968 until 1980. Increasingly, diplomats have been targets of international terrorism. In 1975, 30 per- cent of all terrorist attacks were directed against diplomats; in 1980 the number increased to 54 percent of the total. The number of assassination attempts against diplomats has increased steadily since the mid-1970s to a high of 29 at- tempted assassinations in 1980. The high number of assassinations in 1979 and 1980 is due, in part, to assassination cam- paigns by Armenian terrorists against Turkish diplomats, and by Iran and Iraq as part of their war. As is true in general of international terror- ist attacks, most attacks directed at diplo- mats or diplomatic facilities do not cause casualties. Only about one-fifth of all at- tacks recorded between January 1968 and June 1981 resulted in death or personal injury. The number of incidents that caused bodily harm, however, began to increase in the mid-1970s, and in 1980 the largest number of such attacks were recorded. Most attacks on diplomats occur in the industrialized democracies. More than 30 percent of the incidents took place in Western Europe. Attacks against foreign diplomats were made both by indigenous Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 International Terrorist Incidents Against Foreign Diplomats January 1968-June 1981* North Pacrtrc Ocean South Pacrttc Ocean North Atlantic Ocean `.~ 709 Latin America i' b (28 52 (1.9%), 0 ' dl4' 9 ~k fric 4$6 ; r(fi8,1%) cis( . .r r South Atlantic Ocean Asia/pacific 261 (9.7%) Sub- rsahaV A USSR/ Eastern Europe Bnondar, represent~.t/nn 1 not c .sane, aoth aatra a North Pacific Ocean Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 International Terrorist Incidents Against Foreign Diplomats January 1968-June 1981, by Type 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Jan-Jun Total* 1981 Kidnaping 1 3 30 16 4 8 5 12 6 4 12 8 4 7 120 (4.5) Barricade-hostage 1 0 4 1 3 7 7 9 3 6 15 9 25 13 103 (3.8) Letter bombing 0 1 3 1 64 20 8 1 2 6 8 5 3 2 124 (4.6) Incendiary 12 20 31 14 15 16 17 16 28 41 44 14 20 7 295 (11.0) Explosive bombing 51 33 64 56 37 42 67 54 60 Armed attack 0 4 3 3 8 4 7 8 6 Assassination 2 6 10 8 3 6 5 6 16 Sabotage 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Threat 11 10 45 39 67 75 17 16 41 Theft, break-in 0 2 11 6 2 1 1 3 1 Conspiracy 0 0 4 2 0 4 4 3 4 Hoax 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 Sniping 2 2 5 3 4 3 1 7 13 Shootout with 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 police 45 60 82 100 33 784 (29.2) 8 9 14 33 18 125 (4.6) 13 12 17 29 12 145 (5.4) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.0) 31 98 64 97 34 645 (24.0) 1 2 1 12 4 47 (1.7) 4 9 2 9 6 51 (1.9) 0 0 3 42 36 84 (3.1) 6 10 24 20 8 108 (4.0) 0 0 0 1 0 2 (0.1) Arms smuggling 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 (0.2) Other actions 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 4 2 2 2 8 14 11 49 (1.8) Total 80 81 213 153 210 187 141 139 184 167 281 252 409 191 2,688 (0.0) (3.0) (3.0) (7.9) (5.7) (7.8) (7.0) (5.2) (5.2) (6.8) (6.2) (10.5) (9.4) (15.2) (7.1) * Figures in parentheses are percentages of total. organizations and by foreign-based groups. About 26 percent of the incidents occurred in Latin America. In all, since 1968, diplomats from 108 countries have been victims of international terrorism. Twenty ambassadors from 12 countries were assassinated, diplomats from 39 countries were kidnaped, and embassies of 38 countries were seized. The number of incidents involving the tak- ing of diplomatic hostages by terrorists has also been rising in recent years. Both kid- napings and hostage and barricade situa- tions at diplomatic facilities are becoming more frequent compared with the early 1970s. The number of terrorist groups that attack diplomats has increased almost every year since 1968. Moreover, terrorist groups are increasing the level of violence directed against diplomats. Many of the new groups that appeared during the last few years have tended to single out diplomats for attack and to use more deadly violence, perhaps because they calculate that in- creasingly higher levels of violence are required to obtain the international public- ity they seek. Types of Attack International terrorists directed many kinds of attacks against diplomats and diplomat- ic facilities during the years from 1968 to 1981. Such attacks ranged from telephone threats received at diplomatic facilities, to bombings of embassy and consular build- ings, to kidnapings and murders of diplo- matic personnel (see table 1). Almost all types of attacks have occurred in all regions of the world, but some types are prominent in particular areas (see ta- ble 2). For example, kidnapings and barri- cade and hostage situations occur most Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 International Terrorist Attacks Against Foreign Diplomats That Caused Casualties /I I l',] a_ I I I I I I I I 1 1 1968 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Total incidents: 370 1981 projection is based on the percentage of attacks that occured during the first six months of each year from 1968 until 1980. frequently in Latin America, while bomb- ings and assassinations are recorded most often in Western Europe and the Middle East. Bombings have long been the preferred method of attack against diplomats. They normally involve little risk of capture, and explosives are relatively easy to obtain. The majority of the bombings have not caused significant damage, but a few have resulted in loss of life and the destruction of diplomatic facilities. Handgun assassinations, which generally attract more media attention than most other types of terrorist attack, constitute a growing proportion of the terrorism direct- ed against diplomats. Incidents Resulting in Injuries and Death On 2 June 1978, three Armenian terrorists fired into the windshield of the Turkish Ambassador's limousine parked at a stop- light in' Madrid. The Ambassador was not in the car, but the terrorists killed his wife, his wife's brother, and the chauffeur. This incident was one of 370 international terrorist attacks on diplomats between January 1968 and June 1981 that caused death or personal injury. The number of such attacks has increased almost every year since 1968. In 1980 there were 50 such incidents-far more than in any pre- vious year. If present trends continue, even Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Locations of Terrorist Attacks on Foreign Diplomats January 1968-June 1981, by Type North Latin Western Eastern Africa America America Europe Europe Middle Asia Pacific Other Total* East Kidnaping 2 59 15 0 13 21 8 0 2 120 (4.5) Barricade-hostage 5 49 23 2 1 19 3 0 1 103 (3.8) Letter bombing 6 10 92 0 4 6 3 0 3 124 (4.6) Incendiary bombing 43 55 122 3 5 30 24 5 8 295 (11.0) Explosive bombing 117 209 225 11 8 154 49 8 3 784 (29.2) Armed attack 1 33 19 0 9 53 9 0 1 125 (4.6) Assassination 10 23 51 2 4 40 13 1 1 145 (5.4) Sabotage 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.0) Threat 71 166 171 28 22 107 52 25 3 645 (24.0) Theft, break-in 2 20 9 1 7 5 3 0 0 47 (1.7) Conspiracy 6 11 12 0 1 11 7 0 3 51 (1.9) Hoax 39 12 9 2 2 7 11 1 1 84 (3.1) Sniping 15 54 5 1 0 25 7 1 0 108 (4.0) Shootout with police 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.1) Arms smuggling 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 (0.2) Other actions 13 5 14 2 3 7 5 0 0 49 (1.8) Total 330 (12.3) 709 (26.4) 770 (28.6) 52 (1.9) 80 (3.0) 486 (18.1) 194 (7.2) 41 (1.5) 26 (1.0) 2,688 (100.0) more such attacks will be recorded in 1981. An examination of the attacks against diplomats that caused casualties highlights the broad psychological impact of interna- tional terrorism. Such attacks, which are almost always perpetrated by well-trained, experienced terrorist organizations, pro- voke a response from the highest levels of government and command attention from media around the world. Attacks against diplomats resulting in cas- ualties have occurred in 80 countries since 1968, with the most events in Lebanon, France, the United States, and El Salvador. Forty-eight terrorist groups have claimed credit for these attacks. US diplomats were the most often killed or injured. Diplo- mats from the Soviet Union, Turkey, Israel, Yugoslavia, the United Kingdom, France, and India were also frequent victims. Assassinations of a designated target with handguns or bombs accounted for almost 60 percent of these incidents. Among the 20 ambassadors from 12 coun- tries assassinated by international terror- ists have been the US ambassadors to Afghanistan, Lebanon, Cyprus, Sudan, and Guatemala and the Turkish ambassa- dors to Australia, France, and Austria. The embassies of 38 countries have been seized by international terrorists, and dip- lomats from 39 countries have been kidnaped. Since 1968, diplomats from 107 countries have been victimized by international ter- rorist attacks (see appendix A). North American diplomats were the most fre- quent targets; second in frequency were Middle Eastern diplomats. Countries Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Nationality of Victims of International Terrorist Attacks Against Foreign Diplomats Western USSR/ Europe Eastern Europe whose diplomats have been the most fre- quent victims are the United States, Israel, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Cuba, and Turkey. Attacks against British diplomats have been typical of attacks against diplomats from these six countries. Seventy-five inci- dents occurred in 31 countries and in- volved 24 different terrorist groups. The incidents included assassinations and kid- napings of diplomatic personnel and bombings and seizures of embassies and diplomatic facilities. The assassination in March 1979 by the Provisional Irish Re- publican Army of Sir Richard Sykes, the UK Ambassador to The Hague, and the Sub- Saharan Africa kidnaping by the Tupamaros in January 1971 of Sir Geoffrey Jackson, the UK Ambassador to Uruguay, are examples of some of the most violent incidents involv- ing British diplomats. Since 1968, incidents of international ter- rorism against diplomats have been re- corded in 125 countries (see appendix B). More than 70 percent of the attacks oc- curred in only 20 countries, primarily those in Western Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. The most terrorist incidents involving diplomats occurred in the United Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 States, France, the Netherlands, West Ger- many, Greece, and Argentina. In most of these countries the attacks tended to be carried out by foreign-based rather than indigenous terrorists. For example, 119 attacks were carried out against diplomats in France, but French terrorists were in- volved in only 20 percent of them. More than half of all attacks against diplomats occurred in Western Europe and Latin America. In both regions, attacks were carried out by indigenous groups against foreign targets and by foreign-based groups. In Europe, however, only about one-fourth of the attacks were carried out by Europe- an citizens, while in Latin America well over three-fourths of the attacks were by indig- enous groups. International Terrorist Groups June 1981, the assassination of a consul in Denmark in April 1981, the assassination of a consul in Australia, and two attacks on diplomats in Paris. The Colombian 19th April Movement (M- 19) has attacked diplomats from 15 differ- ent countries stationed in Colombia. M-19 activities have included kidnapings, hos- tage and barricade situations, and bomb- ings. M-19 has also conducted operations in Venezuela and mailed threatening letters from Spain and the United States. Its best known attack took place on 27 February 1980, when M-19 seized the Dominican Republic Embassy in Bogota. Timing their attack to coincide with a diplomatic recep- tion, the terrorists took 57 hostages, in- cluding the ambassadors of 11 countries. They demanded the release of 311 prison- ers, $50 million ransom, and safe passage out of the country. After a 61-day siege they finally accepted safe passage to Cuba and $2 million in ransom. A total of 102 terrorist groups (see appen- dix C) have claimed credit for attacks against foreign diplomats since 1968. Black September (BSO), a Palestinian terrorist group that conducted most of its operations during the mid-1970s, has claimed responsibility for more attacks on diplomats than any other group. BSO mainly targeted diplomats from Israel, but also attacked diplomats from six other nations. Its operations in 18 countries have included assassinations, hostage and bar- ricade situations, and all types of bomb- ings. Examples include the seizure of the Israeli Embassy in Bangkok in December 1972 and the attack in March 1973 on the Saudi Arabian Embassy in the Sudan in which two American diplomats and one Belgian diplomat were murdered. Like the BSO, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) has also concentrated on attacks against diplomats. Attacks by ASALA against dip- lomats have occurred each year since 1975, but were the most numerous in 1980 and 1981. The majority of attacks were against Turkish diplomats, including the assassination of a consul in Switzerland in Taking Diplomats Hostage Since 1968, there have been at least 130 attacks in which diplomats were taken hostage to satisfy political or monetary demands by international terrorists. Diplo- mats from 54 countries have been taken hostage, most often from the United States, West Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. The taking of diplomatic hostages has occurred in 57 countries, but almost half of these incidents took place in Latin America, especially in Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. Over 1,000 persons have been taken hostage in attacks on diplo- mats. The following incidents are among the most publicized: The M-19 attacked the Dominican Re- public Embassy in Bogota on 27 Febru- ary 1980. Fifty-seven hostages were seized, including ambassadors from 11 countries. On 8 August 1975, the JRA attacked the US Consulate in Kuala Lumpur and seized 53 hostages, including diplomats Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 from the United States, Japan, Sweden, and Malaysia. These hostages were re- placed by substitutes and the terrorists, with the new hostages, flew to Libya. On 13 July 1979, in Turkey, Palestinian terrorists shot their way into the Egyptian Embassy and seized 20 victims. After prolonged negotiations, they released their hostages and surrendered to PLO mediators who had been active in the negotiations. On 13 September 1974, three JRA ter- rorists seized the French Embassy in The Hague and took 11 victims, including the French Ambassador, in order to obtain the release of one jailed JRA terrorist. The terrorists demanded the release of a comrade who was held in a French pris- on, as well as $1 million in ransom. After four days of negotiations, the French Government released the prisoner. The terrorists agreed to accept $300,000 in ransom and were flown to Syria and turned over to Palestinian representa- tives in Damascus. Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Appendix A Countries Whose Diplomats Have Been Victimized by International Terrorism This list includes the names of each country whose foreign diplomats have been victimized by an international terrorist attack. It is based on media coverage of these attacks, and therefore may not cover countries that do not report incidents. Afghanistan Guinea Paraguay Albania Guyana Peru Algeria Haiti Philippines Angola Honduras Poland Argentina India Portugal Australia Indonesia Romania Austria Iran Saudi Arabia Bangladesh Iraq Senegal Belgium Ireland Somalia Bolivia Israel South Africa Brazil Italy South Korea Bulgaria Ivory Coast South Yemen Burma Jamaica Spain Canada Japan Sri Lanka Cape Verde Jordan Sudan Chad Kenya Sweden Chile Kuwait Switzerland China Lebanon Syria Colombia Liberia Taiwan Costa Rica Libya Tanzania Cuba Malawi Thailand Cyprus Malaysia Tunisia Czechoslovakia Mali Turkey Denmark Mauritania Uganda Dominican Republic Mexico United Kingdom East Germany Mongolia United States Ecuador Morocco Uruguay Egypt Netherlands USSR El Salvador New Zealand Vatican City Ethiopia Nicaragua Venezuela Finland North Korea Vietnam France North Yemen West Germany Gabon Norway Yugoslavia Ghana Oman Zaire Greece Pakistan Zimbabwe Guatemala Panama Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Appendix B Locations of International Terrorist Attacks on Foreign Diplomats Abu Dhabi Guatemala Panama Afghanistan Guinea Paraguay Albania Guyana Peru Algeria Haiti Philippines Angola Honduras Poland Argentina Hong Kong Portugal Australia Hungary Puerto Rico Austria Iceland Qatar Bahamas India Romania Bahrain Indonesia Saudi Arabia Bangladesh Iran Sierra Leone Barbados Iraq Singapore Belgium Ireland Somalia Benin Israel South Africa Bolivia Italy South Korea Botswana Ivory Coast Spain Brazil Jamaica Sri Lanka Bulgaria Japan Sudan Burma Jordan Sweden Burundi Kampuchea Switzerland Canada Kenya Syria Chile Kuwait Taiwan China Laos Tanzania Colombia Lebanon Thailand Costa Rica Lesotho Trinidad and Tobago Cuba Liberia Tunisia Cyprus Libya Turkey Czechoslovakia Luxembourg Uganda Denmark Malaysia United Arab Emirates Dominican Republic Malta United Kingdom East Germany Martinique United States Ecuador Mexico Upper Volta Egypt Morocco Uruguay El Salvador Mozambique USSR Equatorial Guinea Nepal Vatican City Ethiopia Netherlands Venezuela Finland New Zealand West Bank France Nicaragua West Germany Gabon Nigeria Yemen Ghana Norway Yugoslavia Greece Pakistan Zambia Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Appendix C Names and Acronyms Used by Major Groups Claiming Responsibility for International Terrorist Attacks Against Foreign Diplomats, January 1968-June 1981 This list includes names of organizations responsible either by claim or attribution for specific international terrorist actions noted in the statistics. The inclusion of any group should not be interpreted as an evaluation of that group's goals or motives. Some attacks may have been carried out without the approval, or even foreknowledge, of that organization's leaders. Also, claims of responsibility may be falsely made by opponents of the organization in an attempt to discredit it. Some of the names listed are cover names for organizations wishing to deny responsibil- ity for a particular action that may have yielded counterproductive results. Some names may have been used by common criminals to throw off police investigators or by psychotics seeking public recognition. Afghanistan Dissidents Led by Sahruddin Baez Alacran Scorpion Al Saiqa Ananda Marg Anti-Fascist Movement Anti-Imperialist Fighters for a Free Palestine Arab Communist Organization Arab People Argentine Peoples Revolutionary (ERP) Armed Arab Revolution Armed Forces of National Liberation (FALN) Armed Revolutionary Party of the People Armenian Liberation Front Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia Baader-Meinhof Gang/Red Army Faction Basque Fatherland and Freedom (ETA) Black Revolutionary Assault Team Black December Black June Black September Charles Martel Group Che Guevarra Brigade Condor (Chile) Croatian Liberation Cuban Action Communists Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) Dominican Popular Movement El Condor (Cuban) El Poder Cubano EOKA-B (Greek) Eritrean Liberation Forces (ELF) Eylem Birligi Faction of TPLP/F Farabundo Marti Popular Liberation Forces (FPL) Farug Fatah FR Auto-Def Juive Greek Anti-Dictatorial Youth (EAN) Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP) Holger Meins Kommando Revolutionary Cell Honduran Revolutionary Union (URP) Honduran Socialist Party (PASO) International Solidarity Command for Free Papua Movement Iranian Fedayeen Japanese Red Army Jewish Armed Resistance Jewish Committee of Concern Jewish Defense League (Wrath of God) Justice Commando Armenian Genocide Latin American Anti-Communist Army Laos People One Lebanese Red Brigades M-7 (Cuban) Mano Argentine National Organization Movement Maruseido Marxist-Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit May 15 Organization Montoneros Movement of the 19th of April (M-19) Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR) Muslim Brotherhood (Syria) National Liberating Alliance (ALN) National Liberation Army (ELN) National Front for the Liberation of the Congo (FLNC) National Democratic Popular Front Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 New World Liberation Front Omega 7 Peoples Revolutionary Army Peoples Army in Zaire (APOZA) Peoples Strugglers Petra Kraus Group Polisario Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) Popular Armed Forces (FAP) Popular League 28 Popular Liberation Army (Colombia) Popular Revolutionary Resistance Group Popular Revolutionary Bloc Popular Revolutionary Movement Popular Revolutionary Vanguard (VPR) Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) Quebec Liberation Front (FLQ) Revolutionary Force 7 Revolutionary Organization of the Armed People (ORPA) Revolutionary Student Front (FER) Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) Secret Trans-world Organization for Punishment (STOP) Soldiers of the Algerian Opposition Movement Turkish Peoples' Liberation Army (TPLA) Turkish Peoples' Liberation Party Front (TPLP/F) Tupamaros Turkish Revolutionary Youth Federation (Dev Sol) Uganda Freedom Movement Ukrainian Nationalist Group United Front Popular Action (FAPU) United Liberation Front for New Algeria Voice of the People (Halkin Sesi) Workers Party of Guatemala (PGT-FAR) Yanikian Commandos (Armenian) 1st of October Armed Revolutionary Group (GRAPO) 2 June Movement 12 January Liberation Movement 23 September Communist League (Mexico) Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Approved For Release 2007/10/19: CIA-RDP85M00363R000901960028-1 Bureau of Public Affairs Postage and Fees Paid United States Department of State Department of State Washington, D.C. 20520 STA-501 If address is incorrect please indicate change. 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