TRENDS IN COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85T00875R000300030039-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 47
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 7, 1999
• Sequence Number: 39
• Publication Date: September 16, 1970
• Content Type: REPORT

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Confidential
~II!llllllll~~~~l~lllilllll~
FOREIGN
BROADCAST
INFORMATION
SERVICE
I~~~~Illllllillllll!lIIIII~~~~I
in Communist Propaganda
Confidential
16 September 1970
(VOL. XXI, NO. 37)
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CONFIDENTIAL
This propaganda analysis report is based ex-
clusively on material carried in communist
broac'.c:ast and press media. It is published
by FBIS without coordination with other U.S.
Government components.
WARNING
This document contains informat!on affecting
the national defense of the United States,
within thz meaning of Title lb, sections 793
and 794, of the US Code, as amended. Its
transmission or revelatio,-t of its contents to
or receipt by an unauthorized person is pro-
hibited by law.
GROUP I
Excluded from aobmotl.
downgrading and
drclauificalian
CONFIDENTIAL
1.
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CONFIDENTIAL FBIS TRENDS
16 SEPTEMBER 1970
CONTENTS
Topics and Events'Given Major Attention . . . , , . . , , . . . ?
i
Vietnam Fatherland Front Meetings Review Indochina War
1
Delegates at Paris? Talks Repeat Charges of U.S. Inflexibility
4
Issue of Vietnamese, Cambodia:, Representation at Lusaka , , , . .
5
Sihanouk Continues to Deny Statements by "False" Radio
7
Claims of "Big" Victory of Cambodian PLAF in Kompong Speu ,,.
8
DRV Delegation Arrives in Peking for Talks on Aid Agreement
9
Moscow Continues Routine Attacks on PRC's Indochina Stand ,
10
Hanoi Protests U.S. Air Strike on DRV, AIJ.ied "War Crimes"
10
Le Duan Discusses Labor and Production Problems, Export Needs
11
UAR "Redeployment" of Missiles Not a Cease-Fire Violation . . . .
13
Increased U.S. Arms aid Technical Aid to Israel Deplored . . ,
16
Moscow Cites UAR on Status of Jarring Talks, Big Four Action . ,
17
USSR Conveys Disapproval of Palestinian Hijacking , , , , . . , ,
18
Moscow Notes Formation of Military Government in Jordan
SINO?SOVIET RELATIONS
20
Peking Assails Soviets; Moscow Confirms Ambassador to PRC . .
22
Peking Denounces Soviet-FRG Treaty as Betrayal , , . . . . . o a
LUSAKA CONFERENCE
23
Moscow Applauds Anti-Imperialist Thrust of Nonalined Meeting . .
CHINESE UN SEAT
26
PEOPLE'S DAILY Cites Lusaka Support for PRC Membership , , . , .
FRG RELATIONS WITH BLOC
28
Moscow Says CDU/CSU Changes Tactics on Treaty With USSR . . . . ,
30
Warsaw Reports Delay in Normalization Talks With Bonn . , . . . .
31
ROMANIA AND BULGARIA
Ceausescu, Zhivkov Explore Possibilities for Cooperation . ,
(Continued)
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C 0 N T E N T S (Continued)
Prague Belatedly Rebuts Attack on Dubcek Ouster . . . . . . .
35
Czech Rebuttal Follows Succession of Spanish CP Criticisms. .
36
Provinces Urge Drive for Economic Gains to Greet NPC . . . . .
1+0
Inner Mongolia, Kweichow, Szechwan Radios Remain Silent . . . .
40
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FBIS TRENDS
16 SEPTEMBER 1970
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TOPICS AND EVENTS GIVEN MAJOR ATTENTION 7 - 13 SEPTEMBER 1970
Moscow (3934 item
Peking (266 items)
Nonalined Conference
(1%)
8%
Domestic Issues
(19%)
41%
in Lusaka
[CCP Central
(--)
25%]
DPRK National Day
(--)
7%
Committee Plenum
Indochina
(17%)
6%
Indochina
(50%)
21%
[Vietnam
(15%)
5%]
[Alliance Delegation
(--)
4%]
Middle East
(4%)
5%
in PRC
Bulgarian National
(0.1%)
5%
[DRV National Day
(34%)
5%]
Day
[Cambodia
(8%)
5%]
China
(5%)
5%
DPRK National Day
(--?)
11%
Brezhnev Speech in
(--)
3%
Nonalined Conference
(--)
6%
Uzbekistan
Tank Troops Day
(--)
3%
in Lusaka
Ceylon Economic Delega-
(--)
4%
t.ic.n in PRC
Middle East
(4%)
3%
USSR-FRG Treaty
(--)
2%
These statistics are based on the voicecast commentary output of the Moscow and
Peking domestic and international radio services. The term "commentary" Is used
to denote the lengthy item-radio talk, speech, press article or editorial, govern-
ment or party statement, or diplomatic note. Items of extensive reportage are
counted as commentaries.
Figures in parentheses indicate volume of comment during the preceding week.
Topics and events given major attention in terms of volume are not always
discussed in the body of the Trends. Some may have been covered in prior issues;
in other cases the propaganda consent may be routine or of minor significance.
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CONFIDENTIAL FBIS TRENDS
16 SEPTEMBER 1970
INDOCHINA
Attacks on U.S. Vietnamization policy, the "enlarged" war in Laos,
and the "aggression" in Cambodia are repeated in propaganda pegged to
activities of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee (VFFCC)
in Hanoi. This propaganda includes remarks by VWP First Secretary
Le Duan to an enlarged conference of the VFFCC on 9 September as
well as by President Ton Duc Thang at the conference and at a
meeting held on the 8th to commemorate the Front's 15th anniversary
(10 September.) Routine attacks on U.S. Vietnamization policy as
well as on alleged U.S. attempts to negotiate from a position of
strength were also repeated at the 83d session of the Paris talks
on 10 September.
Vietnamese communist media hail the presence at the Lusaka nonalined
conference c the PRG "delegation" in the capacity of "official
observer" as a diplomatic success and say that PRG Foreign Minister
Nguyen Thi Binh was "warmly acclaimed." LPA on 16 September
reports her arrival in Paris on the 14th. A number of statements
by Sihanouk's private secretariat and the FUNK claim support for
the Royal Government of National Union (RGNU) at the nonalined
conference, without acknowledging that no Cambodian delegation
was admitted.
An economic delegation led by DRV Vice Premier Nguyen Con arrived
in Peking on the 12th to negotiate an agreement on economic and
military aid for 1971. Presumably this is the first leg of the
annual tour of a DRV economic delegation, in the past headed by
Vice Premier Le Thanh Nghi, to conclude aid agreements with
major communist states.
The Chinese stand on Indochina continues to be assailed in the
course of Soviet polemical comment on the PRC. Other Moscow
propaganda routinely scores U.S. policy, with foreign-language
commentaries by Aleksey Leontyev on the 12th and 13th claiming
that the United States is still counting on a 'military solution"
and refusing to discuss the question of troop withdrawal and a
coalition government at the Paris talks.
VIETNAM FATHERLAND FRONT MEETINGS REVIEW INDOCHINA WAR
ANNIVERSARY Routine charges against the U.S. Vietnamization
CELEBRATIONS program, the U.S. "special war" in Laos, and the
"war of aggression" in Cambodia were voiced at
an 8 September meeting marking the 15th anniversary--on 10 September--
of the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF). Hoang Quoc Viet, member of
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the VFF Presidium, also scored the United States for "continuing
to dodge" discussion of a way to solve the South Vietnam problem
correctly on the basis of the NFLSV/PRG 10-point program at Paris.
He called routinely for an unconditional U.S. withdrawal and. for
allowing the South Vietnamese people to settle their internal
affairs without foreign interference, claiming that if the United
States would do this "peace would be immediately restored."
Scoring U.S. stubbornness, Viet called on the people to "further
heighten their determination to fight and win and persevere in
and step up their military, political, and diplomatic struggles."
He added that in building socialism in the North, the people
must "further develop the spirit of enduring hardships and
overcoming all difficulties." Viet predictably stressed the
role of the Front in strengthening solidarity and unity over the
past 15 years, noting that the party has always considered the
"great national union bloc" an important factor in guaranteeing
victory for the revolution.
The anniversary meeting, reported by Hanoi media on the 9th,
was held jointly by the Fatherland Front Central Committee and
its Hanoi committee. Among members of the meeting's presidium,
according to the radio account, were President Ton Due Thang,
chairman of the VFFCC Presidium, VWP First Secretary Le Duan, and
VFFCC Presidium members including Truong Chinh and Hoang Quoc
Viet. Opening remarks were delivered by Ton Due Thang, who
hailed the Fatherland Front "for ever more closely uniting" the
people and contributing to the anti-U.S. struggle and the
building and defense of the North. He stressed the Front's
determination to strengthen the "all-people solidarity" and
resolve to unite with the Laotian and Cambodian people and
"perseveringly step up the anti-U.S. struggle militarily,
politically, and diplomatically."
An anniversary appeal from the VFF Central Committee was read
at the meeting and broadcast by Hanoi on the 11th, and a
10 September NHAN DAN editorial hailed the success of the
Front in "enlarging and consolidating the all-people unity
bloc."
FATHERLAND FRONT U.S. policies were also assailed at an
ENLARGED SESSION enlarged conference of the Vietnam
Fatherland Front Central Committee--the
20th such meeting--held in Hanoi from 7 to 9 September under
the chairmanship of Ton Due Thang. VWP First Secretary Le Duan
addressed the meeting; he has not attended such conferences in
recent year,;, although he was present at the VFF anniversary
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
celebrations in 1965. The 10 September Hanoi radic report on
the meeting indicated that others present included VFF
Presidium members Truong Chinh, Hoang Quoc Viet, Chu Van Tan,
Phan Ke Toai, Nguyen Xien, and Tran Dang Khoa,
As at the last previous enlarged session, Ton #uc Thang made
opening remarks and Tran Dang Khoa read the VFF Presidium's
political report.* Additional reports were given by a VPA
representative on the "great victories of the Vietnamese,
Laotian, and Cambodian peoples during the first six months
of the year" and by a State Planning Committee representative
on "implementation of the state plan during the first six
months of the year and on the ,rend of the state plan for the
last six months."
In his opening remarks, Ton Duc Thang said that th,.: conference
was meld to "review the situation during the first half of the
year and set forth new tasks and duties." He routinely hailed
the "many new, great, and glorious victories" of the Vietnamese
people in both zones and claimed that the Indochinese people's
struggle is "facing a new and very favorable situation."
Charging that the United States is "very stubborn and crafty,"
he urged the people to "strengthen unity and heighten their
determination to carry out the slogan 'everything for defeat-
ing the U.S. aggressors and for the success of socialist
construction.'" The conference, he said, "will strongly
encourage the northern people to focus their efforts on
fulfilling their urgent tasks, reinforcing the North, and
fulfilling the great rear's duties toward the great frontlines."
The VFF Presidium's political report, read by Tran Dang Khoa,
says the Indochinese people have strengthened their solidarity
and led their "resistance into a new phase." It hails Cambodian
and Laotian military exploits, and it claims that the Laotians--
"in coordination with the Cambodian and South Vietnamese battle-
fields"--have enlarged their "liberated areas from northern to
* In recent years the VFF Central Committee has met semiannually--
once in the spring and once in the fall. The 19th enlarged session
was held on 1 April 1970. Tran Dang ::hoa delivered the major
report at that meeting, although VFF presidium member Hoang Quoc
Viet had read them at previous ones.
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southern Laos" and linked them "with the vast liberated areas
in the northeastern part of Cambodia and with the highlands
of Vietnam." The report pledges support and assistance for
the Indochinese people.
LE DUAN Hanoi media on the 12th released Le Duan's remarks
REMARKS to the conference; he addressed the gathering
on the 9th, according to VNA. Le Duan reportedly
highlighted the role of the national united front and analyzed
the situation of the anti-U.S. resistance throughout the country
and of socialist construction in the North. VNA, but not Hanoi
radio, reports him as stating that the Vietnam Fatherland Front,
together with the NFLSV, "will strengthen national unity" and,
along with the National United Front of Kampuchea and the Lao
Patriotic Front, will "build an invincible united front of the
peoples of Indochina." As usual, Le Duan predicted defeat of
the Vietnamization program and stressed that the Vietnamese are
dedicated to peace but determined to carry on the fight. He
declared that "time is working against the U.S. aggressors" and
that the three peoples of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos will be
victorious.
DELEGATES AT PARIS TALKS REPEAT CHARGES OF U1S1 INFLEXIBILITY
The VNA and LPA accounts of the 83d session of the Paris talks
on 10 September briefly summarize the statement by PRG delegate
Nguyen Van Tien, who spoke first, but Liberation Radio broadcasts
the full text.* Tien began by citing the U.S. delegate's state-
ments that the people of South Vietnam should be able to determine
their future without interference, use of force or the threat of
force. He then proceeded to document his charge that the United
States has been a party to a policy of force against the people
of Vietnam for the past 15 years. Castigating the U.S. stand
that the origins of the war should not be debated, Tien asked how
the problem can be solved without examining "the real nature of
the use of force." The United States and "nobody else," he said,
must put an end to its use of force by ending its "aggressive"
war and totally and unconditionally withdrawing its forces from
South Vietnam.
* Liberation Radio has been inconsistent in its recent treatment
of the PRG statements; it broadcast the 6 and 13 Augus-'Vstatements
textually but ignored the next three.
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CONFIDENTIAL FBIS TRENDS
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The PEG delegate, in response to the American delegate's stated
desire to discuss specific matters in a practical way and through
all available means, asked the U.S. side how it is prepared to
reply to demands for an unconditional allied troop withdrawal and
for establishment of a provisional coalition government, as well
as to the PRG's stated readiness to reach an understanding with
the other parties on concluding agreements to end the war. "I
am waiting for the U.S. delegate's appropriate answers," Tien
said, adding that if the American negotiator "only repeats his
previous replies," the conclusion will be that the United States
is nit prepared to join in the effort to achieve a genuine peace.
The VNA account of Xuan Thuy's brief statement notes his complaint
that although Ambassador Bruce's statements at the meetings
contain nothing new, he spoke as if the United States were
"'flexible"' and the PRG-DRV side were "'rigid' and made
'propaganda.I" The account also notes Xuan Thuy's repetition
of his attack the previous week on the U.S. pursuit of
Vietnamization, "'negotiations from strength,"' and the Nixon
Doctrine. He went on to argue that flexibility is shown not
by the U.S. policies but by the "logical and reasonable"
PRG/NFLSV 10-point solution.
The account does not record Thuy's comments in response to
Bruce's charge that the communist side was engaging in propaganda
at the meetings. `t'hus, there is no notation of Xuan Thuy's
accusatic-,i that the United States makes propaganda by waging
aggression while it talks about assistance and peace and by
being rigid while "pretending to be flexible." VNA reports
that Thuy said "it is time that the United States change its
policy and show good faith in these negotiations."
VNA dismisses the remarks of allied ambassadors Bruce and
Lam in the single statement that they "kept repeating the
aggressive and traitorous stand of the United States and the
Thieu-Ky-Khiem puppet administration."
ISSUE OF VIETNAMESE, CAMBODIAN REPRESENTATION AT LUSAKA
THE PRG Vietnamese communist media belatedly laud the
presence of PRG Foreign Minister Nguyen Thi Binh
at the Lusaka conference, reporting that she is there as head
of the PRG "delegation" which is attending as an "official.
observer," as agreed upon by the conference participants.
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While NCNA on the 8th had reported her arrival the day before,
the first available Front report was an item on 11 September
which also reviewed her speech on the 10th. Liberation Radio
and VNA comment that her speech, in which she denounced U.S.
"aggression" in South Vietnam and reiterates: the PRG's "correct
stand and good will" regarding a settlement, was "warmly
welcomed." TASS on the 10th briefly reported her speech but
did not mention her "observer" status. Vietnamese communist
media claim that the delegation's presence was a "diplomatic
success" for the PRG, pointing out that Mme. Binh was warmly
acclaimed by "chiefs of state and premiers of more than 50
countries." A Liberation Radio commentary adds that the
"Thieu-Ky clique" has shown itself to be "very confused" and
has "accused the conferees of being partial."
NCNA reported that Mme. Binh left Lusaka on 11 September
without mentioning her destination. LPA on the 16th reports
her return to Paris on the l4th.
THE RGNU NCNA has carried a number of statements by
Sihanouk's private secretariat and the FUNK
praising the support for the RGNU delegation to the Lusaka
nonalined conference in "voting" by the conferees on the
question of admitting a Cambodian delegation.* There is no
explicit acknowledgment of the fact that no Cambodian
delegation was admitted to the conference.
A FUNK Political Bureau "communique," carried by NCNA on
10 September, said that the question of Cambodian seating was
discussed by the foreign ministers on 6 and 7 September and
that in the "voting" 21 countries favored the RGNU delegation,
seven opposed it, and 12 favored leaving the Cambodian seat
vacant. The communique called this a "new political and
diplomatic victory" for the FUNK and the RGNU which showed
"the complete isolation and total failure of the Lon Nol-Sirik
Matak-Son Ngoc Thanh traitorous clique and its masters, U.S.
imperialism."
A statement by Sihanouk's private secretariat, carried by NCNA
on the 11th, said that in a message to the IGr..er people the
day before Sihanouk refuted "lies" spread by the Phnom Penh
Foreign Minister Koun Wick in a "recent" press conference to
* The foreign ministers discussed the Cambodian seating question,
expressing their position in speeches on 6 and 7 September, but
apparently no vote was taken.
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the effect that more than 20 countries would support the Lon Not
regime at the conference. It pointed to the C outstanding and
very important victory" won by the RGNU, citing figures on the
"voting." On the 13th NCNA reported that Sihanouk's secretariat
released a cable sent by Sarin Chhak, the head of the RGNU
delegation in Lusaka, again reporting the results of the
"voting"--which it said took place at 2100 hours on 7 September--
and adding that the conferees decided to "submit the result
of the voting for decision by the heads of state meeting on
September 8" when the conference opened. The cable added that
the result would be considered "a great victory for us" even
if the conference decided to leave the seat vacant. Another
cable from Sarin Chhak, dated the 12tY., and carried by NCNA
on the l4th, briefly reported on the session of the 10th.
Chhak asserted that the majority of the speakers supported
Sihanouk's delegation on the question of Cambodian representation.
On 12 September NCNA reported that the RGNU delegation left Lusaka
that day without mentioning its destination.
SIHANOUK CONTINUES TO DENY STATEMENTS BY "FALSE" RADIO
Sihanouk continues to deny statements attributed to him by what he
calls the "false" FUNK radio allegedly set up by the CIA. The
RGNU statement, first carried by NCNA on the 8th, regarding a
broadcast of a "fabricated". Sihanouk statement concerning
"so-called intervention by 'North Vietnamese' troops in
Cambodia," was followed by a "special message" from Sihanouk
to the Khmer nation. Carried by NCNA on 10 September and
publicized by the Hanoi and FUNK radios on the 12th, the
message warns the people that this radio broadcasts fake
Sihanouk messages and fake RGNU commentaries and urges them to
be vigilant against such distortions of the truth. It cites
as an example the broadcast of a "so-called message" of
Sihanouk "acknowledging that 'Vietnamese communists' maltreated
the people and Buddhist monks and damaged or destroyed
monasteries."
Another allegedly false broadcast is repudiated in a FUNK radio
"official communique" dated the 10th and carried by the Hanoi
and FUNK radios on the 11th. The communique cites AFP for
an 8 September report that Lon Nol's military spokesman had
released to the press a "fake" statement by "Head of State"
Sihanouk criticizing "the Soviet Union regarding the Soviet-
Chinese border problem," charging that "the Soviet Union has
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prevented the Head of State from returning home, and so forth."*
It calls this an "extremely brazen fabrication" by the Lo)?
Nol-Sirik Matak clique and the CIA aimed at underminipg the
"friendly solidarity" of the Khmer people with the Chinese and
Soviet peoples and at sowing doubts among the Khmer people's
friends.
On the 13th NCNA carried a.RGNU statement, also dated the 10th,
which more cryptically refutes the alleged Sihanouk statement
"reported by a press agency accredited to Phnom Penh" in which
Sihanouk "violently attacked the Soviet Union." The statement
condemns this act by which "the CIA tries to split the
anti-imperialist forces" and conceal the defeats of the "Lon
Nol-Sirik Matak-Son Ngoc Thanh clique," and it recalls that the
RGNU had previously denounced CIA schemes in its statement
of the 8th. The FUNK radio carries this statement on the 14th,
and VNA summarizes it on the 13th.
CLAIMS OF "BIG" VICTORY OF CAMBODIAN PLAF IN KOMPONG SPEU
The alleged exp.~its of Cambodian patriotic forces in the Srang
subsector of Kompong Speu Province from 29 August to 3 September
are hailed in a 13 September QUAN DOI NHAN DAN commentary,
carried by Hanoi radio on the same day. Liberation forces
during this period are said to have put out of action nearly
1,300 enemy troop:; and destroyed or heavily damaged four
battalions, a brigade command post, and the government district
administration. The engagement, according to QUAN DOI NHAN DAN,
was a "heavy blow to the enemy, further shaking the enemy
defense line west and southwest of Phnom Penh and posing a serious
threat to the Lon Nol regime right in its last refuge."
The DRV army paper also claims that "big victories" in July and
August have driven the "undisciplined" Lon Nol army into a state
of "imminent collapse" which cannot be prevented no matter how
much the United States and GVN assist Cambodia, either with
combat air support or troops.
* In a departure from its usual practice of disseminating state-
ments by Sihanouk or his spokesman, NCNA did not carry this
"communique'--perhaEs because it discussed the sensitive issue of
the Sino-Soviet border.
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DRV DELEGATION ARRIVES IN PEKING FOR TALKS ON AID AGREEMENT
What is presumably the annual tour of a DRV delegation to conclude
aid agreements with major communist states began on 12 September
with the departure from Ifanoi of an economic mission led by Vice
Premier Nguyen Con, a member of the North Vietnamese party (VWP)
Secretariat and chairman of the State Planning Commission. The
delegation was seen off by Vice Premier Le Thanh Nghi, a VWP
Politburo member. who has regularly headed such delegations since
1965.* As was the case last year, the DRV ambassador to China,
Vice Minister of Foreign Trade Ly Ban, and Vice Minister of
National Defense Tran Sam are. listed as deputy leaders of the
delegation to the PRC. Nguyen Con is not 'rnown to have visited
other communist countries in recent years, but APP reported that
he headed an economic delegation to Sweden in September 1969.
VNA on 11 July 1968 made the first known identification of Nguyen
Con as a member of the Secretariat.
NCNA's reports on the Nguyen Con delegation's departure from Hanoi
and arrival in Peking indicate that it is coming to China "for
a friendly visit at the invitation" of th,~ PRC Government; and,
as was the case last year, only VNA's reports add that the
delegation is in China for "negotiations c;i economic and military.
aid for 1971." As usual, the delegation was met at the airport
by PRC Vice Premier Li Hsien-nien and feted at a banquet given by
Li the following day. In addition, according to NCNA, Nguyen
Con and Li held talks on the 13th "in a very cordial and friendly
atmosphere" and the delegation met with Chou En-lai on the 15th
for "a very cordial, friendly conversation." A similar meeting
with Chou last year had been described by NCNA as "cordial and
friendly."
Peking media acknowledge the specific purpose of the delegation's
visit only in reporting the text of Nguyen Con's speech at the
13 September banquet. He remarked that "our current visit and
talks about China's economic and military aid, to the Vietnamese
* Last year the economic mission, headed b2 Le Thanh Nghi, began
its tour in Peking on 17 August but returned to He L for Ho's
funeral in the first week of September and did not inally
conclude an agreement with the PRC until 26 September. It went
on to other countries, returning to Hanoi on 25 November.
Previous tours to conclude aid agreements took place in May-
July 1968, July-October 1967, August-October 1966, December 1965-
January 1966, and June-July 1965.
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people in 1971 will further strengthen tho militant unity and
friendly relations and cooperation between our two partica and
two peoples." (In the past 1)RV media have occasionally been
more candid than Peking In noting the nature of aid agreements
between the two countries, although Peking as well as Hanoi .
reported that a supplementary aid agreement signed in Peking on
25 May this year included military as well as economic aid.)
MOSCOW CONTINUES ROUTINE ATTACKS ON PRC'S INDOCHINA STAND
Moscow continues to include attacks on the Chinese stand on
Indochina in routine-level polemical attacks on the PRC. A
13 September commentary in Mandarin over Radio Peace and Progress,
referring to the CCP plenum communique, claims that "Peking
leaders" said the USSR and United States are "scheming" to
dominate the world. The broadcast cites Vietnam as one example
to refute the chai-P, noting that Pham Van Dong has sr.'.d the
DRV receives "great and invaluable support and assist.u,ce" from
the USSR. Stating that the Soviet Union and the United States
have opposing policies on Vietnam, the commentary says that to
equate the two is "a distortion of reality" and an "insult to the
Vietnamese people, who maintain close and friendly relations
with the Soviet Union,"
A 12 September Moscow radio broadcast in Mandarin, pointing to
the Soviet desire for normalization of relations with the PRC,..
recalls the history of Sino-Sovict cooperation and once again
recalls that the "Joint action" of the two countries "compelled
the imperialists to sit down to talks and sign the 1951+ Geneva
agreements which brought peace to the people of Indochina."
HANOI PROTESTS U.S. AIR STRIKE ON DRV, ALLIED "WAR CRIMES"
Hanoi radio on 16 September reported a DRV Foreign Ministry
spokesman's protest of that date which condemns the United
States "for dispatching",U.S. planes "to drop demolition and
steel-pellet bombs on a number of populated areas" in Le
Thuy district, Quang Binh Province. The spokesman routinely
demanded an end to all U.S. violations of DRV sovereignty and
security. Also on the 16th, Hanoi radio claimed that a U.S.
unmanned reconnaissance plane was downed by the local armed
forces and people of Vinh Phu Province the day before. The
alleged downing brings Hanoi's total of downed U.S. planes to
3,361 as of 15 September.
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"WAR CRIMES" VNA on 14 September released a communique issued
COMIUNIQUE by the 1)17V War Crimes Commission whie'r denounces
alleged U.S. crimes in both North and South
Victno,m during August. In the South, the communique scores alleged
U.S. tactical and II-52 air raids and U.S. arid ARVN ground uweepr
and operations. It also charges that the GVN naval forces have
increased their activities. The communique routinely enumerates
U.S. reconnaissance activities in North Vietnam and cites alleged
13-5;? and tactical air raids on Vinh Linh area, as well as
tactical air raids on Quang Binh and Ila Tinh provinces. It scores
the alleged spraying of toxic chemicals along the demarcation
line "Just as the wind was blowing to the North," as well as U.S.
artillery attacks from the 7th fleet and south of the demilitarized
zone on the northern part of the DMZ. It further charges U.S.
ships with violating DRV territorial waters.
LE DUAN DISCUSSES LABOR AND PRODUCTION PROBLEMS, EXPORT NEEDS
Hanoi radio reported on 13 September th .. VWP First Secretary
Le Duan rec,,ntly addressed workers at the Ilan oi-Iiue-Saigon
bus-building factory, the first in Ilanoi to fulfill the 1970
state plan--four months ahead of schedule. While praising the
workers for this accomplishment, Le Dunn went on to note that
the percentage of work done manually in many factories is "still
very high" and to urge all workers to "struggle" to increase
mechanized production "by at least 50 percent and more." lie
emphasized that production must keep pace with population growth
and fill export requirements.
Going beyond the usual propaganda exhortations to increase
production of export commodities, Le Duan linked this task
with Hanoi's need for imports. "Only by increasing exports,"
he said, "will we be able to import raw and semifinished
materials and manufacturing equipment." lie cited Bulgaria as an
example of a small country which exports many good', including
a high percentage of industri42. products and machines.
Turning to the DRV's problems with labor management and
discipline, Le Duan called for implementation of the productive
labor movement, one of Iianoi's major campaigns this year.
Specifically, he urged the workers to work eight hours at high
output and called on factories to insure three production
shifts a day; he also decr:!ed "sluggishness in labor and
production, a lack of resourcefulness, and the habit of
following old methods in performing work and of not thinking of
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
rationalizing production and improving technology."
Advocating that workers continue to etudy, Le Duan cited
the example in the DPRK where, he said, he has learned the
workero put in 12 hours a day--eight hours in factories, two
hours in study, mid two hours in social activity. He added
that "in our country, it is necessary to better organize
studies in factories" and to enliven study movements among
workers.
Noting that cadres in factories must care for the workers'
livelihood, Le Duan told the workers they must understand
"that we have had to fight . . . for 25 years, that we have
not yet scored many achievements in construction rind that
our country has been devastated by the war, and that our
life, therefore, still meets with difficulties and the general
level of our livelihood is still low." He reminded them that
the "entire country is still in a state of war," that
sacrifices and fighting must continue, and that the interests
of the community and nation must be constatatly placed above
individual concerns.
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
MIDDLE EAST
Moscow continues tj maintain that the UAR has not violated the
cease-f.. , agreement by introducing new missile installations
into the ',rz Canal zone. Propaganda notes that UAR "defensive
devices" were established there prior to the cease-fire period
and acknowledges that "minimal" measures have since been taken,
including redeployment of "individual" missile installations
to insure the security of the missile positions and personnel.
Moscow's only acknowledgment that the violations had been taken
up with the USSR comes in the domestic service roundtable on the
13th when a panelist cites the U.S. press to the effect that
Washington is trying to persuade the USSR to make Egypt "put
right" the violations.
Moscow again displays ambivalence in criticizing the United States,
expressing "astonishment" at official statements "allegedly con-
firming" UAR violations and claiming that Israel has forced
Washington's hand, but also calling the reported decision to sell
Israel 16 to 10 more Phantoms a new and dangerous step. Moscow
notes that Secretary Rogers, appearing before a Senate appropria-
tions subcommittee on the 12th, said the United States will be
deciding shortly on additional aid to Israel. And it views this
as a sign that Tel Aviv's shopping list will get a favorable recep-
tion when Israeli Prime Minister Moir arrives in the United States
for talks wits President Nixon on 10 September.
Comment deplores the arms issue as further complicating Ambassador
Jarring's mission. ^.+; the scone time, Moscow surfaces the idea of
new conditions far an agreement on talks: Laptev in the 11 September
IZVESTIYA disparages the notion, as raised in Israel, but stops short
of ruling it out. TASS, reporting remarks by UAR Foreign Minister
Riyad on the 14th and 15th, cites him as saying that in view of U.S.-
Israeli obstruction of Jarring's mission and the work of the four-
power talks, the UAR feels it is imperative that the Big Four consul-
tations be "activated" to achieve implementation of the November 1967
Security Council resolution.
UAR "REDEPLOYMENT I/ OF MISSILES NOT A CEASE-FIRE VIOLATION
The first acknowledgment in Soviet propaganda of the UAR's "rede-
ployment" of existing missile installations came in the Vasilyev
RED STAR article on the 9th, broadcast in Arabic. Vasilyev cited
the "UAR memorandum" to the United States--first mentioned by Moscow
on 7 September and never released by Cairo media--in saying that the
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Egyptian bide "has the full right to carry out the redeployment of
existing missile installations In the Suez Canal zone" to avoid
an Israeli strike. Other propaganda repeatedly points to Israeli
Prime Minister Golda Mcir as "threatening," in a Swedish interview?
that Israel may "'resume aggression" against the UAR.
Laptev in his article in the morning edition of IZVESTIYA on the
11th is more specific in referring to the "minimal" measures under-
taken by the UAR. Like Vasilyev, Laptev says the UAR memorandum
emphasizes that Egypt has not introduced new missile installations
into the Suez Canal zone since the cease-fire began. lie adds that
the UAR has not effected any transfers of missile positions
within the 50-kilometer zone stipulated by the terms of the
agreement. The measures being implemented by the UAR in this
zone are limited to work on maintaining old positions in the
proper condition. Israel and the United States are endeavoring
to pass off as violations of this agreement those minimal
measures--including individual transfers of missile installa-
tions from one place to another and the replacement of certain
installations there by others--which are essential for insuring
the security of the missile positions and the personnel.
Laptev says that Tel Aviv "openly declares that it reserves the right
to take the necessary measures" in the canal zone, and he adds that
Mrs. Meir, in the interview with the Swedish EXPRESSEN, declared that
these measures "imply Israeli military action against UAR missile
installations." Laptev also states that Israel and the United States
do not deny that U.S. "offensive weapons" continue to be supplied to
Israel.
A commentator on the 13 September domestic service roundtable program
argues, in turn, that UAR weaponry in the Suez Canal zone is defen-
sive, and says it seems that there are persons in the United States
who would like the UAR to remain "completely without cover." Panel-
ist Druzhinin cites TIME as describing the military objects "discov-
ered by U.S. and Israeli intelligence" in the 32-mile zone where
"military actions were to be frozen." Noting that TIME said Egypt
had placed ground-to-air missiles and antiaircraft artillery there,
Druzhinin does not deny the statement, but maintains that TLME and
other U.S. journalists know the difference between offensive and
defensive weapons: "The air defense system cannot be classified
as an offensive weapon, ground-to-air missiles and antiaircraft
artillery cannot qualify as offensive weapons."
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
-15-
SOVIET ROLE IN Like Laptev in I'LVES'T'IYA, who views with "as-
"RECTIFICATION" tonishment" the "dizzy changes" in U.S. diplo-
macy, roundtable panelist Dmitriyev is "amazed"
at the "change of tune" in official U.S. statements. Dmitriyev in
effect provides Moscow's first propaganda acknowledgment that the
Soviet Union has been approached in connection with the violation
charges: There is an attempt in the United States, he says, to
uhift the blame for present events in the Middle East from the cul-
prit to the innocent, and "even to blame our own country." He
cites the CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR as saying that "Washington is
at present supposed to be engaged on the critically important task
of persuading the Soviet Union of the need to make Egypt put right
the violations in the Suez Canal zone." These attempts, he adds,
are "clearly addressed to the wrong party; the Soviet Union is not
a participant in the Middle East conflict." It is not the USSR and.
the UAR, Dmitriyev says, but Israel that is building up armaments.
The commentator deplores alleged attempts "in Washington circles"
to make "far-reaching inferences from current events in the Middle
East." And he cites as an example NEWSWEEK's saying that "if the
Soviet Union does not show itself cooperative in exerting pressure
on the UAR," all the foundations of the "peace talks with the Soviet
Union on which Nixon places his hopes and toward which he is
supposedly striving will be undermined." It must be "categorically
stated," Dmitriyev declares, that "statements of this kind are
most unwise" and only lead to a "considerable complication" of the
entire international situation,
ISRAELI Laptev and othr~r propagandists accuse Israel
VIOLATIONS of cease-fire ?riola.ti.ons by recor.structizg the
Bar-Lev line on the eastern side of the Suez
Canal and building new fortifications there. Mc,scow's domestic
service on the 15th makes what is apparently the first Soviet pro-
paganda reference to air surveillance of the Israeli side of the
canal, citing Cairo's AL-AHRAM as pointing out that the United
States has not reacted in any way to the "air reconnaissance
photography data and other documents supplied by Cairo" which
prove "continuous violations" by Israel. The photographs, the
broadcast says, show work done by the Israelis to "fortify the
so-called Bar-Lev line."
A TASS English dispatch on the 16th from New York cites the New
York TIMES as reporting that the United States has evidence that
Israel has been violating the cease-fire agreement. TASS notes
construction of new and strengthening of old fortifications and
building up of military equipment, including artillery, along
the Suez Canal. And it adds that, according to the TIMES, U.S.
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
officials "tried to dismiss Israel's violations of the cease-fire
agreement as 'insignificant,'" while at the same time taking steps
to increase Israel's military potential. TASS does not mention,
as reported in the TIMES on the 16th, that the violations include
reconnaissance flights over Egyptian territory.*
INCREASED U.S. ARMS AND TECHNICAL AID TO ISRAEL DEPLORED
Citing U.S. press reports on the supply of more Phantoms to Israel
and the training of Israeli troops in other weaponry, Moscow com-
plains tt,s,t Israel has shown no sign of giving up its "aggressive
aims" and the United States is encouraging its position. At the
same time, propwC'mdists still underscore the UAR's wish for a
peaceful settlement and Lhere continue to be calls for implementa-
tion of the November 1967 Security Council resolution.
`!.'ASS on the 16th reports the State Department spokesman as being
"forced to make the admission" at a press conference that "U.S.
'civilian' technical specialists are staying in Israel and training
military personnel." He was responding. TASS says, to a question
in connection with a Baltimore SUN report that a group of U.S. Air
Force specialists had been sent to Israel to train Israeli pilots
in operation of Shrike missiles. State Department confirmation
of the "fact that U.S. specialists participate in training the
Israeli armed forces" again indicates a!celereted steps by Washington
aimed at a further Israeli military buildup, TASS says. On the
15th, TASS cited the Washington POST as emphasizing that the United
States is going to step up the military buildup "irrespective of
whether the temporary cease-fire is maintained or not." The report
notes a TIME report that Israeli military specialists are attending
an electronic warfare course in the United States, benefiting "from
American 'experience'" in Vietnam.
Other TASS dispatches :ave pointed to reports by Congressmen that
Israel has sent the U.S. Defense Department the largest arms request
in history, that Mrs. Meir on her visit will be seeking more arms
as well as donations from "U.S. Zionist organizations," and that
Secretary Rogers told a Senate appropriations subcommittee that a
* The cease-fire terms say that "to bolster the honoring of the
cease-fire, each side will rely on its national means, including
reconnaissance planes which will be free to operate unhindered up
to a distance of 10 kilometers from i;;s side of the cease-fire
line."
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decision will be taken soon on addi'-,ionai aid to Israel in view
of its "serious economic difficulties."
An Orekhov article in PRAVDA. on the 12th, commenting on the
"unusual haste" with which Wabhington is preparing to fulfill
the "obligations it has just assumed" re 3arding delivery of a
further 18 Phantoms, observes that despiue its talk of wishing
to restore peace in the Middle East the United ritates is taking
"new and dangerous steps." This "new and dangerous" deal, he
says, can only lead to a major complication of the situation in
the Middle East and make Ambassador Jarring's mission "even more
difficult."
MOSCOW CITES UAR ON STATUS OF JARRING TALKS, BIG FOUR ACTION
TASS on the 16th reports UAR Foreign Minister Riyad as saying
at his press conference the previous day that the United States
has "brought its own initiative to an end." Referring to Riyad's
"earlier" statement--an interview with AFP on the 14th--TASS
cites him as saying that the United States and Israel had
obstructed Jarring's mission and impeded the work of the four.-
power talks, and that the UAR feels it has become imperative to
activate the Big Four talks to implement the November 1967
Security Council resolution. TASS' brief report on the 15th of
the APP interview does not include Riyad's statement, quoted by
Cairo media, that the Big Four must take the initiative in giving
new directives to Jarring. And the Cairo versions made no men-
tion of his additional remark, quoted by AFP, that "we have al-
ready made contacts in this regard."
Moscow has made no reference to U Thant's suggestion, in his
annual report to the UN General Assembly, for a summit meeting
of world leaders during the General Assembly to discuss the
Middle East situation.
ISRAEL ON Laptev in his 11 September IZVESTIYA article, com-
NEW ACCORD plaining of Israel's action in not participating in
the Jarring contacts, charges that Israel is trying
to create "an atmosphere of Israeli diktat" over the New York talks?
Laptev thus disparages--but steps short of ruling out--the idea he
says is being raised in Israel that since the present contacts are
in danger of a complete breakdown, it might be time to work out an
agreement "based on quite other conditions." He notes that
Israeli Transport Minister Peres stated that Israel "left the
door open for talks on a new cease-fire agreement."
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USSR CONVEYS DISAPPROVAL OF PALESTINIAN HIJACKING
Soviet propaganda continues to cite Arab criticism of the hi-
jacking and destruction of Pan American, TWA, Swissair, and BOAC
aircraft to demonstrate Moscow's owti disapproval of such actions.*
And in comment assailing Israel for "retaliatory" mass arrests
of Arabs, Moscow denounces the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (PF'',P), perpetrator of the hijackings, as a "leftist
adventurist" group.
The brief initial Moscow reports on the 9th, all picking, up critical
remarks by the Cairo AL-AKHBAR, were published in PRAVDA and
IZVESTIYA on the 10th with one editorial change; whereas the
initial TASS report merely said "an explosion" had occurred aboard
the PanAm 747 at Cairo airport, the press accounts acknowledged
destruction of the aircraft and, by implication, the perpetrators.
The press version reported that the plane had been sei..ed in the
air by "several Palestinian partisans" and flown to Cairo. After
all aboard had been ordered to leave the plane, this version ran,
the Boeing 747 "was burned on the runway at Cairo airport as a
result of the explosion of several bombs with time mechanisms."
RED STAR carried the TASS reports on the llth.
Moscow domestic service broadcasts on the 10th and 12th gave
brief, selective accounts of developments, attributed to AFP
and REUTERS. The item on the 10th revealed that the PFLP was
demanding the release of "three of their comrades imprisoned in
Switzerland" in exchange for the passengers detained in Jordan
and that "Arab pa,-)ngers" had been taken to Amman. It accused
REUTERS of trying to give the impression that "almost all Arabs"
were in sympathy with "partisans".who seized aircraft, and-that
Cairo papers had rebutted these-"fabrications."-,?The broadcast on the
12th reported the destruction that day of the three aircraft at
the desert field by the Palestinian "partisans"; it said that all
women and children passengers would be freed only when "a decision
is taken on the release of several Arab partisans previously
arrested in Switzerland, Britain, and West Germany." TASS roundups
giving substantially the same information were published in PRAVDA
and RED STAR on the 13th.
* Peking, while maintaining its usual flow of praise for Palestinian
exploits, has not been heard to mention the hijackings. While North
Korean media have also apparently been silent, PFLP leader. Habbash
was still visiting Pyongyang on the 13th, according to KCNA reports.
And the chief of staff of the DPRK army was reported by FATAH, organ
of the largest fedayeen organization, as having visited Fatah bases
on the 14th, according to a Syrian news agency report the following
day.
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A Bragin review in PRAVDA on the 13th again pointed to Arab
criticism of the hijackings, remarking that these actions along
with recent "armed clashes" in Jordan had aggravated tension in
the Middle East. The Arab countries have made it clear that such
hijackings "only complicate the cause" of the Arabs' just struggle,
Bragin said, while Tel Aviv and "some Western capitals" try to
use this question as a pretext to torpedo a peaceful settlement
of the Middle East crisis. Also on the 13th, TASS and the
domestic service reported that the Palestine Liberation Organiza-
tion (PLO) Central Committee in a statement on the 12th had
condemned the PFLP for the hijacking and destruction of the
three aircraft and the retention of 40 passengers. The TASS item
noted that the PLO had suspended the PFLP from the Central Committee,
denounced the conduct of the Front's leadership, and decided to
cease cooperating with it.
ISRAELI Domestic service broadcasts. on the 14th seized on
ARRESTS reports of Israel's "mass arrests" of Arabs on the.
West Bank and in the Gaza Strip to assail both
Israel's "wave of terror" and the "extremist" Palestinians'
"piratical actions in the air." The radio's Cairo correspondent,
Rassadin, said Israel was stepping up "terror" against the peace-
ful population "under the totally false pretext of retaliation
against the actions of the extremists" who hijacked several civil
aircraft last week. Rassadin recalled that the hijackings were
"sharply condemned" by the Arab countries and by Palestinian
organizations, the PLO declaring that such actions only played into
the hands of imperialist forces.
The first substantial Soviet comment comes in a domestic service
talk by Ryzhikov later on the 14th. He charged that Tel Aviv,
"with Washington's support," attempted to accuse all Arab govern-
ments which support the struggle by "genuine" Palestine patriots
for restoration of the Palestinian people's rights. He added that
Washington, not satisfied with calling on Arab ambassadors for
explanations to the State Department, sent the Sixth Fleet to the
eastern Mediterranean "threatening to invade Jordan, on whose
desert the extremists" landed the hijacked aircraft. Moscow
had hitherto made no mention of U.S. press speculation on the use
of force to release the passengers, reports of the arrival at
Incirlik, Turkey, of U.S. C-130s for possible evacuation, and
White House spokesman Zeigler's assurance on the 11th that Sixth
Fleet movements were routine.
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Again pointing to Arab condemnation of the hijackings, Ryzhikov
explicitly mentioned PFLP head George Habbash, head of the "left-
ist adventurist group," in noting that the PFLP had been expelled
from the PLO and the "extremists have found themselves completely
isolated in the Arab world." Arab patriots, he said, believe
that terrorism is being substituted for "genuine struggle" against
the Israeli occupation, and this harms the international prestige
of the Palestinian resistance and the entire cause of Arab unity.
He found it "still more dangerous" for peace in the Middle East
that the "extremist forces in Israel" have not been called to
order but instead have been given freedom of action and "uncondi-
tional U.S. support." Assailing the "extremist general" Dayan as
the "de facto dictator" of Israel, Ryzhikov expressed astonishment
at the "eagerness" of the White House to meet all of Dayan's
demands.
WHITE HOUSE Moscow has not acknowledged the 14 September White
STATEMENT House statement which declared that the holding-of
U.S. citizens as hostages is totally unacceptable
to the U.S. Government and rejected the establishment of distinctions
among U.S. citizens on any basis whatsoever. Moscow likewise fails
to report the PFLP statement to which the White House statement was
responsive. As reported by Jerusalem radio, a PFLP spokesman in
Amman had said on the 14th that U.S. hostages would be considered
Israelis and held until Israel agreed to exchange them for Palestinian.
detainees.
USSR NOTES FORMATION OF MILITARY GOVERN 1ENT IN JORDAN
TASS promp'.ly and briefly reports King Husayn's 16 September desig-
nation of Brigadier General Muhammad Dawud to form a provisional
military government, and the appointment of Marshal Habis al-Majali
as commander in chief of the armed forces and military governor of
Jordan. TASS, also notes that martial law has been imposed on the
country and cites Amman radio as saying the military government is
designed to put an end to army-guerrilla :.lashes and restore peace
in Jordan.
Moscow since 2 September, when 1.'; reported the apparent assassination
attempt against Husayn, has followed the situation in Jordan with a
series of brief items, chiefly by TASS.* Dispatches have reflected
* See the FBIS TRENDS of 2 September, pages 22-23, for a review of
recent Soviet treatment of Jordanian events.
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the recurrent army-fedayeen clashes and the short periods: of
relative calm. Carefully ever,-handed, TASS has noted meetings
between government officials and fedayeen leaders to work ov.t
measures to normalize the situation, and has reported appeals
and instructions by both sides to their respective fc :es to
cease fighting. In general, Moscow has confined itself to
factual accounts, refraining from attributing the upheavals
to outside forces or imperialist machinations.
In two instances--a TASS item on 7 September and a Radio Peace
and Progress broadcast the following day--Moscow blamed the
events on "U.S. intelligence" activities in Jordan. TASS cited
the Beirut paper ASH-SHAB for the change that many U.S. Embassy
staff members are CIA agents carrying out activities aimed at
preventing ,Middle East settlement which would be in the
interests o the Arabs, and at aggravating differences between
Jordan, Syria and Iraq "tc, weaken the "eastern Arab front."
(This is apparently Moscow's first reference to the dispute among
the Arab "confrontation co)untries" over the "eastern front," a
question which revolves primarily around the role and control
of the Iraqi forces stationed in Jordan.*) TASS quoted the
Beirut paper as saying that the recent bloodshed in Jordan shows
the time has come to clear the country of CIA agents and other
"subversive elements" who "stand behind these events."
The Radio Peace and Progress broadcast, in English to Africa,
gave no attribution for a somewhat more detailed story of intelli-
gence activities by U.S. Embassy officials "spying against the
Palestinir..n organizations." Citing unspecified "observers," the
broadcast charged that "CIA agents, disguised as American diplomats,
have direct connections" with the bloody events in Jordan. Neither
the TASS nor the Peace and Progress items was broadcast in Moscow's
domestic or Arabic-language services.
Since then, the only such reference came in a 10 September TASS
item citing a communique. of the Palestine resistance movement's
central committee, broadcast by Baghdad radio, as placing respon-
sibility for the armed clashes on "reactionary elements instigated
by Western intelligence services."
* Affirming Iraq's support for the fedayeen, Iraqi Vice President
Hardan Abd al-Ghaffar pledged on 2 September, according to a
Baghdad broadcast, that the Iraqi army would "remain on the front"
to support the fedayeen and would oppose any attempt to strike at
fedayeen action. The IRAQI NEWS AGENCY--but not Moscow sources--
reported on 14 September that Iraqi Defense Minister Shihab would
leave the next day for Moscow for "medical tests and treatment."
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SING - SOVIET R ELATIONS
PEKING ASSAILS SOVIETS; MOSCOW CONFIRMS AMBASSADOR TO PRC
The atmosphere of good will for which Brezhney appealed on
28 August has been clouded by a harsh Chinese assault on
Moscow as Soviet comment continues to cast doubt on Peking's
sincerity in seeking a normalization of relations. A PEOPLE'S
DAILY Commentator article or. 12 September belatedly assailed
the Soviet-FRG treaty--signed more than a month earlier--as
a "gross betrayal" by "the Soviet revisionist clique" and a
"monstrous fraud" designed to cover up the aggressive
character of the Soviet Union, West Germany, and the Unitee-
States.
Moscow's rejoinders to Peking's anti-Soviet thrusts have
expressed concern over a lack of Chinese good will in
responding to Soviet appeals for improved relations. Moscow
has confined such polemical responses to its broadcasts to
the Chinese, but Soviet irritation surfaced in the daily
press in reaction to the recent CCP plenum communique's call
for anti-Soviet struggle. A brief report carried on
11 September observed without elaboration that the communique
contained "the usual anti-Soviet attacks."
The anniversary of Kosygin's meeting with Chou En-lai on
11 September last year has passed without notice by either
side, except for a Mandarin broadcast over the purportedly
unofficial Radio Peace and Progress on the 10th which
recalled the meeting and noted that the talks which began
the next month "are continuing" in Peking. The broadcast
also mentioned that a session of the joint river navigation
commission opened on 10 July this year; there has been no
announcement on the progress of these talks since they
opened. The Peace and Progress broadcast sounded a
recurrent note in recent Soviet comment in mentioning the
Peking talks and deploring the negative attitude shown in
Chinese polemics. Soviet comment does ._ -+, hnwever,
charge the Chinese with obstructionist tactics at the
talks themselves, going no further than Brezhnev's remark
that the talks are proceeding slowly.
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While Soviet comment censures the Chinese for taking a negative
approach, one step toward normalizing relationu has been confirmed
for the first time in Soviet med3.a. TAGS on 16 September
announced the appointment of Vasiliy Tolstikov, Leningrad party
boss and CPSU Central Committee member, as ambassador to the PRC.
There has been no announcement of appointment of a Chinese
ambassador.
PEKING DENOUNCES SOVIET-FRG TREATY AS BETRAYAL
Peking's major assault on the Soviet-FRG treaty consists of the
authoritative PEOPLE'S DAILY Commentator article, an accompanying
NCNA report, two items of "reference material" on the German
question carried in NCNA's domestic service, and a reprint of
a long Albanian article which draws implications for China from
the treaty signing. Peking denounces the treaty as a betrayal
of the GDR, as an encouragement to West German "militarism,"
and as another example of the "collusion and contention" between
the Soviet and U.S. superpowers in seeking spheres of influence.
Playing on the interests of hardliners in East Europe, particularly
in the GDR, the Commentator article claims that Moscow has retreated
from former demands for West German recognition of the GDR and has
tacitly acceded to Bonn's terms regarding reunification and West
Berlin. Peking has also sought to play on fears of resurgent
German power, drawing a menacing picture of revived militarism
in West Germany and dismissing the Brandt government's peace-
making initiatives as "more cunning and vicious" methods of
penetrating East Europe. The N(:NA report gets in a malicious
dig by likening Hitler's invasion of Poland--illustrating the
frailty of a treaty--to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.
The denunciation of the treaty pursues Peking's long-standing
opposition to detente politics and incorporates its current
line of attack on the superpowers for exercising undue influence
in such areas as Europe and the Middle East. The PEOPLE'S
DAILY Commentator calls the treaty a part of "the diabolic
'global Munich' scheme" of the Soviet Union and the United
States. "To divide spheres of influence and contend for
hegemony in Europe," according to Commentator, the two
superpowers are acting "Just as they do in the Middle East
and other parts of the world." Commentator draws on
historical experience in Europe to argue that the division
of spheres of influence "through bartering away the
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1'Jll'; LIfl:NIY,,
16) ;;I 1''1'L'fiiiI:i 1.970
uoverclgnLy or r,rncLl.l uattorrrt" cleic2r; not brtug pence and security.
The NCNA report etrivcu the point cloner to home to the Eatwt
Germturt.; by acc:trn l.ng the ;;ovieto of barga.l rr.ing with Went Uermtuny
over (;hli territory In dincuuuing the l.leritrr accent-1 (jucntton.
Peking'u comment docc not draw any impl.Lrat.tonu for Chinese
uccurlLy, but NCNA on l.' t;cj.)Lembcr carried the text of a
lengthy Albanian editorial. (in the ?2 August >L;I3I I POPULLIT)
which cliturgen that the treaty was part of "the Soviet-U.S.
global. strategy" of preserving spheres of Int'luence in Europe
and "directing the edge of aggression at Auia.1." On l.lt August
NCNA had reprinted an Albanian denunciation of the treaty no
designed to free the Soviet, for a confrontation with the PRC.
Apart fro'n the long reaction time, Peking's attack on the
treaty is similar to its treatment of Soviet-FRG contacts
last December which led to the t::caty signing. At that time
a PEOPLE'S DAILY Commentator article and a companion NCNA
article--released two weeks after the fact, normal reaction
time fcr this sort of comment--interrupted a period of
polemical restraint toward th,h Soviets. Peking's abstention
from direct comment on the treaty signing for a month
seemed consonant with its propaganda standdown in recent
weeks and may also have reflected sensitivity to the
interests of East Europeans whom the Chinese have been
cultivating.* As for developments in Sino-Soviet relations
during this period, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Ilichev
arrived in Peking on 15 August as the new head of the Soviet
delegation at the talks, the border river navLgation talks
continued, and Brezhnev delivered the conciliatory 28 August
speech in which he explicitly rebutted speculation that the
treaty with the FRG freed the Soviet Union to increase
pressure on China. Peking has not mentioned Brezhnev's
speech.
In addition to renewing old charges against Moscow on the
German question, Peking's portrayal of West German revanchism
and militarism is analogous to its effort to depict a revival
of Japanese militarism. A hint of this line of attack on the
* See the TRENDS of 2 September 2_97C1, page 30, for a
discussion of Peking's treatment of the German question during
visits by Romanian delegations this summer.
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CONKII)LN'I'IA1i F'BIU 'T'HENI)S
16 SLI'TL'MIILH 19'r0
13oviet-1i'Ii, treaty was contained in a speech by Li iinien-nion
on 2 September in which he accused the Soi'iat Union and the
United Staten of reviving, "Japoncne militarism" and "West
German revanchiam." As the attack on the treaty illustrates,
Peking has interwoven its campaign against the superpowero
with a portrayal of a growing threat from Japan and West
Germany as heirs of aggreosive traditions and now collaborators
of the two major powers.
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.I_C, 1.9'l0
-;,6 -
L U S A K A COU FER E;VCE
MOSCOW APPLAUDS ANTI-IMPERIALIST THRUST OF NONALINED MEETING
Hailing the outcome Df the 8-10 September nonalined conference
in Luuaka, Zambia as "an important" contribution to national
liberation struggles, Moscow presses its own definition of
nonalinement as anti-imperialist in essence and by implication
anti-Western, as it had done after the second nonalined
meeting in Cairo in 1964. Soviet commentaries predictably
play up anti-Western sentiments expressed at the conference
and the censure of U.S. policies in the Middle East, Indochina,
and southern Africa. Expressions of gratification that the
conference was not "diverted from its anti-imperialist course"
ar?ear to reflect satisfaction at the absence of any critical
treatment of Soviet policies and particularly of any allusion
to Czechoslovakia in the conference documents.
Typical of the Soviet reaction is an 11 September TASS commentary
by Kharkov which says the "successful" conclusion of the
conference showed that "the nonalined countries are determined
to develop the anti-imperialist struggle and to rally all forces
opposing imperialism and aggression." Kharkov points especially
to the conference calls for "immediate" U.S. withdrawal from
Vietnam and the withdrawal of Israeli forces from "occupied Arab
territories." A Radio Moscow broadcast in English to South Asia
on the 11th noted that the conference delegates "sharply
criticized U.S. and British imperialist policies" and characterized
the conference as a "milestone" in the struggle against imperialism
and reaction. Commentaries tailored for individual radio audiences
included broadcasts in Arabic highlighting the attacks at the
meeting on the "Israeli aggressors."
PROPAGANDA In the period following the Czechoslovak invasion,
BACKGROUND Soviet apprehensions that a third nonalined summit
might serve as a forum for criticism of Warsaw Pact
countries had been reflected most notably in a 4 October 1968
PRAVDA UKRAINY attack on Yugoslavia: "As is known, the Yugoslav
leaders fight for a 'policy of nonalinement.' But if one follows
the position of leadership of the League of Communists of
Yugoslavia, it becomes obvious that this is a position of
alinement not with socialism but with the antisocialist forces
in Czechoslovak-a." In a speech on 20 October 1968, as reported
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lG uI;["L'1;M13LIi 19'r0
by Radio Belgrade, Tito observed that the idea of a new nonalined
summit was not well received among communist countries and
alleged that "efforts were being made in all fields--in Africa,
Asia, and so on--to convince people that thin is a futile
course. . . . This means that statesmen and responsible
pc-'nle abroad are being persuaded to prevent such a meeting."
The nonalinement issue dropped out of Soviet comment in the wake
of the subsequent propaganda standdown between Belgrade and
Moscow on the issue of Czechoslovakia, but Soviet comment just
prior to the Lusaka meeting e:cpressed some concern that the
meeting might be diverted from its "anti-imperialist" course
by Western machinations. Thus an article in PRAVDA on
3 September defined true nonalinement as favoring of peace
and disarmament and opposing racism, colonialism, and
neocolonialism. PRAVDA went on to warn against "imperialist"
attempts to set the nonalined states against each other and
to frustrate attempts to prevent the seating of representatives
of national liberation movements. In a similar vein, an
article in IZVESTIYA on 30 August cautioned against attempts
by the "imperialists" to "substitute their 'theories' and
'doct.-3nes' designed to split and demoralize the nonalinement
movement, tearing it away from its natural allies and
friends and emasculating its anti-imperialist, anticolonialist
essence."
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16 .11;1"1'1;MIII;iI 1970
- ,',fi -
CHINESE UN SEAT
PEOPLE'S DAILY CITES LUSAKA SUPPORT FOR PRC MEMBERSHIP
In line with Peking's practice during the past year of periodically
expressing appreciation for foreign support of the PRC'o being
seated in the United Nations, a 14 Septembc:x PEOPLES DAILY
editorial claims that ouch support was widespread at the Lusaka
nonalined conference. It expresses "heartfelt thanks for the
just stand" taken by "the delegates of many countries" who
stated that the PRC "must be restored of its legitimate rights
in the UN."* Other Chinese propaganda on the Lusaka conference
included a 9 September NCNA item which cited Zambian President
Kaunda's demand in his opening speech that "the legitimate
rights be restored to the PRC in the UN" and his comment that
exclusion of the PRC is "a blunder." On the 11th NCNA reported
that "many delegates" had made such a demand, citing specifically
the comments of the delegates from Sudan, Congo (Brazzaville),
Nepal, Southern Yemen, and Mauritania.
Moscow comment on the Lusaka conference did not mention the
discussion of the PRC membership question, and TASS' 11 September
report on the conference decisions omitted mention of the
resolution--reported by Belgrade's TANYUG on 10 September--
advocating the universality of the UN and demanding that the
PRC "be given the place which belongs to it."
In recent weeks NCNA had continued to cite expressions of
appreciation extended by Chinese officials, including Li Hsien-nien
and Lo Kuei-po, at official banquets and receptions in Peking
and abroad.** The joint communique issued on 14 August at the
conclusion of a Southern Yemen delegation's visit to the PRC
took note of the Chinese side's gratitude to the Southern Yemeni
Government for "consistently supporting the restoration of the
lawful rights of the PRC in the UN." And NCNA on 20 June cited
similar support in a joint Sudan-Yugoslav communique released at
the conclusion of the visit of the president of the Sudanese
Revolutionary Council to Yugoslavia.
* Since 1967 Peking has backed away from the notion of establish-
ing a "new revolutionary United Nations" and has not reiterated its
disavowal of interest in UN membership. For a report of recent
propaganda and a brief backgrounder on the UN issue, see the TRENDS
of 10 June 1970, pages 21-22.
** On these state occasions the governments of France and such
third-world nations as Ceylon, Afghanistan, Nepal, Iraq, Congo
(Brazzaville), and Mauritania were thanked for sunporting?PRC
membership in the UN.
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CONI''IDENTIA1., 101111 MEND )
16 UI,I"1'I!;MUEIi 1970
Peking has not called for "expulsion of the Chiang Kai-nhek
clique" since Kuo Mo-jo made this demand on 11 March, at a
PI1C-Pakistarr Friendship Association banquet in Karachi. But
the Chinese runbasoador to Afghanistan, at a Kabul reception
on 27 August marking the 10th anniversary of the signing of
the PRC-Afghanistan friendship treaty, thanked that government
for supporting the PRC's claim and for opposing "the intrigues
of creating 'two Chinas."' On 8 September NCNA quoted the
Ceylon economic delegation head's charges that the UN has made
itself "a mockery" by barring the country which has the largest
population in the world and that it is "a bigger farce" that
China is represented in the United Nations "by a little island
which is a puppet of the imperialist and neocolonialist forces."
"To us there is only one China," the Ceylon delegate remarked,
"and that is the People's Republic of China."
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FRG RELATIONS WITH BLOC
MOSCOW SAYS CDU/CSU CHANGES TACTICS ON TREATY WITH USSR
In contrast to earlier broad-brush indictment of the CDU/CSU
as an opponent of the 12 August FRG-Soviet treaty, Moscow's
comment has increasingly focused on differences of attitude
within this West German political bloc. On 28 August, an
article in PRAVDA by Grigoryev said that "tiro basic view-
points" had emer.)d is the CDU/CSU--a "w9.it-and-see viewpoint"
as expressed in a leadership statement of the CDU and "the
uncompromisingly negative line of Kiesinger, Strauss, and
Guttenberg, which !.s accompanied by chauvinistic slogans."
Subsequent propagazi0n -took up the theme with a panelist
in the ti Septeldoer domestic service commentators' roundtable
suggesting that Kiesinger faces a possible loss of his
party chairmanship because of his "negative attitude" toward
the accord and toward European security.
TASS correspondent Borisov, in a commentary on 11 September,
says West German "observers" have noted a change in the
"tactical line" of the CDU/CSU, necessitated by a fear
that opposition to the treaty could mean isolation and a
loss of votes. Observing that CDU/CSU parliamentary
leader Barzel's recent trip to Paris, London, and Washington
gained no support from these capitals for the CDU objections
to the treaty, Borisov goes on to cite the West German
press for the view that the results of the trip "probably
strengthened the preparedness for a businesslike discussion"
within the CDU/CSU.
Another TASS commentary on the 11th, by Orlov, also concludes
that fear of political isolation has forced the CDU/CSU "to
resort to more complicated maneuvers." Citing CDU spokesman
Schroeder's "recent recommendation" that his party not
interpret the treaty as aimed against the FRG, Orlov says
"observers" have viewed this statement as an example of
CDU efforts to convince the public that the party is "shocked
by the too open and coarse campaign being conducted" by CSU
leader Strauss against the agreement.
PEKING Peking's first, belated comment on the FRG-Soviet
COMMENT treaty comes in a 12 September NCNA commentary
denouncing the accord as a "big fraud," followed
promptly by an authoritative PEOPLE'S DAILY Commentator article
labeling it a "component part of the diabolic 'global Munich."
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16 ;i1,:pTI MI31:H 1970
11:0L,10G DA:[ILY indicta the accord on four counto in keeping
with Peking'o lorry-standing propaganda position on Moscow's
policy vis-a-vis Germany and Europe: the treaty "betrays"
the sovereignty of the GDB aril the interests of the Soviet
people, encourages Wc:it German "militarism," shows the
"craftiness" of Brandt, and works to the detriment of peace
and security in Europe.
In documenting the charge of betrayal, the Commentator article
and the NCNA conunent:rry both say that concessions were made
on the Lerlin question--including the matter of access--and
that Moscow accepted a letter from the West German Government
reiterating its intention to "recover German unity." Moscow
has not "dared" to make this letter public, Commentator says,
calling this failure evidence of "guilty conscience."'
WARSAW REPORTS DELAY IN NORMALIZATION TALKS WITH BONN
Warsaw's first acknowledgment of Bonn's request for a delay in
the opening of the sixth round of the FRG-Polish talks on
normalizing relations appeared in a brief domestic service
report on 10 September. The communique on the previous
round of talks (in Warsaw, 23-25 July) had noted that the
delegations would meet again in early September in Bonn.
The Polish radio report says that the FRG Government "Justified"
its request for a delay "by the desire to obtain greater
support for the planned agreement in the Bundestag." FRG
Government spokesmen, it adds, have expressed the conviction
that the agreement with Poland "will be ready before the end
of this year." An article in the next day's ZYCIE WARSZAWY,
reviewed by PAP, observes that the reason given for the
postponement "seems to be convincing, taking into account the
complex processes which are now at work in the political life
in Bonn and the alinement of forces in the Bundestag."
Resta.,ing the Polish view that a treaty on normalization of
relations with the FRG must include a declaration on the
final character of the Oder-Neisse line, the article recalls
that PZPR First Secretary Gomulka repeated this demand in
his 6 September Harvest Day speech in Warsaw.
See the Sino-Soviet Relations section of this TRENDS for a
fuller discussion of the Chinese attack.
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CON1'IDENTIAL 101310 'i'1th NDS
:LG Sf;f"i'EM[3EIi 1970
A PAP dispatch of 12 September reports that the talks will
be held in l3orin "at the beginning of October . . . at the
level of vice-ministers." PAP adds that the Polish and
FRG governments have agreed that West German Foreign Minister
Scheel will come to Warsaw at the beginning of November "in
order to finalize . . . the talks" between the two countries.
In conclusion, PAP cites a West German Foreign Ministry
spokesman as expressing "well-grounded hope that a treaty
with Poland could be signed in the autumn of this year."
The spokesman said, PAP continues, that from the West German
point of view an agreement with Poland "is as important
for European policy as the treaty which we have concluded
with the Soviet Union."
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CONFIDENTIAL
-33-
ROMANIA AND BULGARIA
FBIS TRENDS
16 SEPTEMBER 1970
CEAUSESCU, ZHIVKOV EXPLORE POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION
Ceausescu's meeting with Zhivkov in the border towns of Ruse,
Bulgaria and Giurgiu, Romania on 11 and 12 September reflects
efforts by both sides to submerge their continuing political
and ideological differences, exacerbated by the intervention
in Czechoslovakia and its aftermath, in the immediate interests
of promoting economic cooperation and paving the way for the
long-overdue signing of a new bilateral treaty.
As carried by Bucharest's AGERPRES on 12 September, the
communique on the talks says the two sides signed protocols
on "cooperation and specialization in industrial production"
and on "the decision to continue design work" on the Islaz-
Somovit hydropower project--a Danube power project of which
the Bulgarians have been longtime advocates. There is no
elaboration of what the "cooperation and specialization" will
entail.
The communique also announces that a Romanian party and
government delegation will visit Sofia in November to sign
- new f:,iendship treaty replacing the existing 20-year pact,
which expired in 1968 and remains in force under the five-
year automatic-extension clause.* The belated signing of the
new Soviet-Romanian friendship treaty on 7 July :.,f this year
appears to have set the pattern and cleared the -vay for formal
renewal of such counterpart Romanian treaties with East
European Pact states.
Cryptic generalizations and omissions in the communique serve
to paper over the basic differences in approach between Romania
on the one hand and Bulgaria as Moscow's spokesman on the other.
* Ceausescu. and Premier Maurer sent a message to Zhivkov and
President Traykov on the 20th anniversary of the treaty signing,
carried in the Bucharest domestic service on 16 January 1968,
which declared that fraternal relations between Romania and
Bulgaria would "gain new expression by the forthcoming renewal"
of the treaty. The Czechoslovak events intervened, and the
year passed with no further reference `;o renewal of the pact.
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
- 34 -
Although the two delegations are said specifically to have been on
the party as well as state level, the document is notably devoid
of any definition of the basis of interparty relations: there is
no reference either to proletarian internationalism or to the
Romanian formula on independence, equality, and noninterference.
Nor is there any mention of the Warsaw Pact or CEMA.
Describing the atmosphere of the talks as one of "friendship and
collaboration," the communique states cryptically that the two
sides "exchanged views" on "some problems of the present inter-
national situation." It mentions no specific problems, merely
recording both sides' resolve to contribute "to a climate of
collaboration and security in the Balkans, in Europe, and
throughout the world." The reference to security in the
Balkans accommodates--but also obfuscates--the Romanian
initiative, included in a letter to UN Secretary General
U Thant on 13 June of this year, for intensified efforts "by
all governments concerned for the wide development of inter-
state relations in the Balkan region, for the turning of this
area into a zone of peace, of peaceful coexistence, into a
region free from nuclear weapons." AGERPRES had carried the
text of the letter on the date of issue. Soviet media did
not publicize it.
BULGARIAN In a tacit but pointed counter to Romania's view
ARMY PAPER of Europe and the Balkans, an article on the
Zhivkov-Ceausescu talks in the Bulgarian Defense
Ministry organ NARODNYA ARMIYA on 13 September underscores the
proper view of multilateral cooperation in Europe and the
Balkans for a Soviet ally--cooperation under Moscow's aegis
within the disciplined framework of CEMA and the Warsaw Pact.
Ae if to compensate for the absence of any reference to either
organization in the communique on the talks, the article
repeatedly emphasizes both as the framework for Bulgarian-
Romanian cooperation. It traces the two countries' inter-
national importance to their pursuit within the Pact of a
"policy of peace, Balkan understanding, and European security."
It observes that they have both become developed socialist
states "through the generous and selfless assistance of the
USSR and in close cooperation with CEMA." And it concludes
that the Ceausescu-Zhivkov talks demonstrate mutual resolve
"to march firmly and unwaveringly toward the common goal:
the building of communism in close and unbreakable unity
with the great Soviet Union and other socialist countries,
members of the Warsaw Pact and CEMA."
CONFIDENTIAL
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16 SEPTEMBER 1970
?. 35 -
SPANISH C 0 M M U N I S T PARTY
PRAGUE BELATEDLY REBUTS ATTACK ON DUBCEK OUSTER
Having already engaged in polemical exchanges with the Italian
and British parties over their continuing censure of the August
1968 intervention and their opposition to the repressive
measures taken by the Husak regime, Prague takes up the cudgels
against yet another party that has persisted in outspoken
criticism of the invasion and its aftermath. Reacting tardily
to an article in the Spanish CP organ MUNDO OBRERO, broadcast
by the party's clandestine Radio Espana Independiente on
10 July,* the Czech party bureau's TRIBUNA on 9 September
carried an article angrily rebutting MUNDO OBRERO's scathing
attack on the ouster of Dubcek.
TRIBUNA appears particularly rankled by MUNDO OBRERO's
allegation that Dubcek was ousted in contravention of communist
party statutes and by its claim that his only offense was his
refusal to endorse the Soviet-led invasion. Answering these
"absurd" contentions, the Czechoslovak article insists that
Dubcek's "opportunist and revisionist" activity was "at
absolute variance with Czechoslovak Communist Party statutes"
and that far from being ousted because he opposed the
intervention, he was respon5.Lble for creating the threat to
"the revolutionary achievements of socialism" which required
the "socialist allies" to intervene.
As summarized by CTK on 10 September, the TRIBUNA article
calls MUNDO OBRERO's charges "an unusual interference in the
internal affairs of the Czechoslovak Communist Party." It
also accuses MUNDO OBRERO of contributing to "the disorientation
of Spanish communists" on the Czechoslovak situation, and it
goes on to suggest that the party is being misled by people in
its own ranks who have close ties to Czechoslovak reformist
elements. Many Spanish communists, it complains, "accept
tendentious information spread obviously by some representatives
of the Spanish CP who have lived or live in Czechoslovakia and
whose contacts with rightist opportunist representatives in
Czechoslovakia were very close and based on solidarity."
* For a discussion of the MUNDO OBRERO article see the TRENDS
of 15 July 1970, pages 29-30.
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 CONFIDENTIAL FBIS TRENDS
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In earlier attacks on the Italian and British parties, Prague
media had suggested that these parties' views on Czechoslovakia
might have been influenced by "bourgeois propaganda" and by
statements of Czechoslovak exiles, but there was no
suggestion of direct ties with Czechoslovak "rightists."
CTK's summary of the TRIBUNA article does not, refer to the
Italian or British party censure of Dubcek's expulsion, but
a TANYUG summary of the article on the 9th reports that it
indicts Western communists for circulating misinformation
about Czechoslovakia, charging that they "sometimes take over
arguments from bourgeois propaganda, renegades, and various
outcasts."
CTK does quote an admonition in TRIBUNA that seems directed
broadly at parties which continue to be critical of Prague
developments and implies that parties like the Spanish and
Italian, which couple continuing attacks on the Czechoslovak
regime with disclaimers of anti-Sovietism, are guilty of an
intolerable ideological neutralism. Lecturing that "it is
impossible to sit between two chairs," TRIBUNA says this precept
is "part of the basic alphabet of Marxism-Leninism which is
required today to grasp the very essence of the world divided
along class lines."
CZECH REBUTTAL FOLLOWS SUCCESSION OF SPANISH CP CRITICISMS
Prague had ignored MUNDO OBRERO's blast at the Dubcek ouster
when it was first publicized by the Spanish communist
clandestine radio in July, in keeping with a propaganda
line that sought to picture criticisms of the Czechoslovak
events as on the wane. Five days after Espana Independiente
broadcast the MUNDO OBRERO article, RUDE PRAVO expressed
gratification that "many communist parties in the capitalist
countries are reevaluating their past stand" and that "even
circles not favorably inclined toward us recognize the
successes of the new party leadership in the normalization
efforts in the past year." RUDE PRAVO's comment was in line
with the optimistic prognosis of Czechoslovak CP Central
Committee Secretary Vasil Bilak, who declared in a radio
interview on 11 June: "We believe that gradually, on the
basis of knowledge of the objective factors of the post-
January developments, on the basis of our analyses, the
fraternal parties will revise their different standpoints
and attitudes to the Czechoslovak CP and to the situation
in Czechoslovakia in 1968."
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CONFIDENTIAL F13I:U '.L'Ifl NDO
16 ULP.11,IM13ER 1970
But the Spanish party continued to criticize Prague s actions.
RadLo Espiuia Indepcndiente* on 31 August carried a cormnantary
censuring the Iiusak regime for depriving former Czechoslovak
Deputy Foreign Minister Artur London of his nationality
because of the publication of his book "The Confession," an
expose of the use of false confessions in the 1952 Slansky
trial. The radio observed that London was being deprived of
his nationality for the second time, the first having occurred
when he was sentenced in 1952 in connection with the Slansky
trial. It noted that his original trial had been "declared
illegal even by the present leadership of the Czechoslovak
CP" and that he had been rehabilitated and decorated by the
government in 1968. The current action against him, it said,
was a "manifestation of certain methods that should not now
exist in the international communist movement." Espana
Independiente granted that the London case was essentially
Czechoslovakia's affair but claimed a right to discuss it
because London had fought with the International Brigade in
Spain. The radio also argued that "tile general interests
of socialism" were damaged by Prague's censure of someone
who had merely referred publicly to events the regime itself
had branded illegal.
The Spanish party has also reasserted the rectitude of its
initial condemnation of the August 1968 invasion. A
22 August Espana Independiente commentary marking the
second anniversary of the invasion declared that the Soviet
bloc action "made a socialist people, a friend of the USSR,
lose its confidence in its co-imunist party and run the risk
of being won over by anti-Sovietism." The "paradoxical"
result, it alleged, is "a socialist power in Czechoslovakia
that has not got the decisive support of its people but
relies on the intervention force of another socialist state."
The broadcast went on to stress the damage the invasion caused
"to the communist cause in the capitalist countries," charging
that it demoralized communist allies and potential allies in
* On the air since 1941 as the oldest of the communist
clandestine radios, Espana Independiente currently broadcasts
a total of 71 hours 45 minutes a week. There is evidence that
one 20-minute daily segment emanates from a Budapest transmitter
and that the remainder ox the broadcasts originate in Romania.
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CONI' DEN'i'IAI, F BIG,
'1' I' NDU
16 UEI" I'EM13El 1.970
-38-
coustrlec where communist parties "approved" the intervention.
While recalling the high-level CPSU-Spanlnh CP meeting last
April which "showed that there is morn uniting us than
dividing uc," and while avowing that the existence of inter-
party differences would not preclude amicable relations "at
least as far as the Spanish C13 is concerned," the commentary
made it clear that the party has no intention of altering
its position on Czechonlovakia for the cake of improving
relations with Moscow and Ito allies:
The Spanish CP thinks that to enjoy the support of
the masses the communists must maintain an independent
policy on problems that directly affect their character
as a national and deeply internationalist party. The
Spanish CP believes in maintaining relations of
friendship and cooperation with all communist parties
and all the socialist countries, regardless of their
position in the present polemic, on the bases of
internationalism and nonintervention in the internal
affairs of any party and any country. . . . The
Spanish CP has taken its position on the Czechoslovak
events, a position which it still maintains, for the
facts show that it is right.
CRITIQUE OF Like the Italian CP, with which it maintains
STALINISM close ties, the Spanish party has extended
its anti-Soviet stance ?;,o the ideological
sphere, condemning Stalinism and its after-effects and
contrasting it with the exemplary features of Leninism.
Thus an article in the party theoretical organ entitled
"Ideological Probler.- and the Cultural Front" by E. Marti,
broadcast in installments by Radio Espana Independiente on
18 and 25 August and 1 September, lamented that the communist
movement is "not fully facing the complex problems that arose
in the course of building socialism and displays important
shortcomings in the ideological struggle." Seeking reasons
for the communist movement's "long period of ideolugical
stagnation," Marti noted that while under Lenin "there was
no liquidation of com,nunists or monol,thism, just a struggle
of ideas" at a time of maximum "increase in the class
struggle," StE,lin justified "monolithism" and party purges
by claiming that the class struggle intensified an the
building of socialism progressed.
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CON V1!)E,'NT1AIj 101110" TRENDS
A SEPTEMBER 1970
Recalling Stalin's successful effort to coueentrate power in
his on luuidu and the conversion of the CPSU and other parties
into "executive organs in the service of initiatives emanating
from above," Marti concluded that "all these features of
Stalinium sterilized the communist movement considerably from
the theoretical viewpoint." The solution, he indicated, lay
in ceasing to regard any criticism within the communist movement
as inherently subversive:
Revolutionary criticism must . . . examine and explain
the problems of the socialist community without fear of
the way that the enemy uses these questions, because we
are in a situation in which adverse propaganda is more
harmful the less we are able to provide a rational and
Marxist explanation of these phenomena.
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CONFIDENTIAL T'BIS TRENDS
16 SEPTEMBER 1970
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PRC INTERNAL AFFAIRS
PROVINCES URGE JRIVE FOR ECONOMIC GAINS TO GREET NPC
Prcvi.ncial broadcasts have provided wide followup publicity for
the communique of the Central Committee plenum, including its
reference to "neceosary preparations" for convening the National
People's Congress (N,C) "at an appropriate time." But the
broadcasts give no definite indicator as to when the NPC may
meet.
Canton radio on .11 September did call for fighting "a big
battle for four months, in order to fulfill or overfulfill
Kwangtung's national economic plan this year and to welcome
the convening of the fourth NPC,." Other provincial radios
have stressed the need to strive for economic achievements
to greet the NPC but have not linked the four remaining months
of this year's economic plan to the convening of the NPC.
Earlier, on the 8th., before the communique was released,
Canton radio called for a struggle during "the four months
left, before the end of this year" to fulfill industrial and
agricultural targets for Kwangtung.
A few radios have linked the need to fulfill economic tasks
simultaneously to National Day (1 October) and the NPC.
Changsha on 10 September broadcast a directive on studying
the communique from the Hunan Provincial Revolutionary
Committee; it urged the swift accomplishment of economic
tasks "to greet the convening of the nation's fourth NPC
and the 21st anniversary of National Day." Similar phrasing
has been monitored from Chekiang, Kiangsu and Tsinghai
broadcasts.
INNER MONGOLIA, KWEICH(W. SZECHWAN RADIOS REMAIN SILENT
Three of the PRC's 29 provincial-level radios are still
broadcasting no local news. The radios of Inner Mongolia,
Kweichow and Szechwan continue to relay Radio Peking
throughout the broadcast day except for local weather
reports and other brief announcements of a nonpolitical
nature. The other 26 radios relay Peking for only a
portion of the broadcast day; each of them also originates
local news and comment--for a minimum of one hour, in the
case of Tientsin, to two-three hours for the majority.
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CONFIDENTIAL FBIS TRENDS
16 SEPTEMBER 1970
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The three iadios that are broadcasting no local news are
approaching the first anniversary of their awkward silence.
The Kweichow radio ceased broadcasting local news on
30 September 1969, the Szechwan radio on 19 November 1969,
and the Inner Mongolia radio on 5 January 1970.
"News" dispatches on these blacked-out areas can, of course,
be distributed by Peking, via the medium of NCNA. A fair
number of such dispatches are publicized in regard to Inner
Mongolia. There are very few in the case of Szechwan, and
even fewer for Kweichow, the "spring thunder in the Southwest"
province that attracted much attention at the peak of the
nultural revolution.
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