COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AIR ACTIVITIES IN THE FREE WORLD SINCE 1965

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 14, 2009
• Sequence Number: 78
• Publication Date: October 1, 1968
• Content Type: IM

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DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Memorandum
Communist International Civil Air Activities
in the Free World Since 1965
DHS review completed.
ILLEGIB
Confidential
ER IM 6 8-1 2 8
October 1968
Copy No.
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WARNING
This docunient contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GROUP I
Excluded from Guiana:1qt
downgroding and
dectonificalion
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Foreword
Throughout this memorandum, data for Yugoslavia
and Cuba are included in data for the Free World.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Intelligence
October 1968
INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
Communist International Civil Air Activities
in the Free World Since 1965
S %um_ tra
Fifty-five Free World countries have civil air
agreements with Communist countries, and Communist
airlines by mid-1968 served 45 Free World countries
(see the Appendix). The current level of Communist
air service into the Free World -- 213 flights per
week -- is more than 60 percent higher than in the
winter of 1965-66. During the past three years the
USSR has emphasized the extension of new routes into
North America and Japan and has been willing to open
additional air corridors over the USSR to Free World
carriers. The USSR has taken little initiative in
expanding service to the less developed countries.
Eastern European airlines have largely confined their
expanded air service to Western Europe and the Middle
East.
Aeroflot (the Soviet civil air carrier and the
largest Communist airline) now serves 37 Free World
countries over an unduplicated route network of
51,000 miles. Since 1965 the USSR has concluded
civil air agreements with four developed Free World
countries (Canada, Switzerland, Japan, and the United
States) and with five less developed countries
(Cameroon, Lebanon, Nigeria, Turkey, and Yemen).
Note: This memorandum was produced solely by CIA.
It was prepared by the Office of Economic Research
and was coordinated with the Office of Strategic
Research and the Office of Current Intelligence.
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Scheduled air service from Moscow was inaugurated
by Aeroflot to Zurich, Tokyo, and Montreal during
1966 and 1967. On 15 July 1968 the Moscow-Montreal
flight was extended to New York, implementing the
bilateral air agreement between the United States
and the USSR which was signed in November 1966.
The USSR chose these routes to North America to in-
troduce its first long-range commercial jet transport,
the IL-62.
The Czechoslovak State Airline (CSA), by far the
largest Eastern European carrier, serves 31 Free
World countries over a route network of more than
30,000 miles. Although primary emphasis since i965
has been on consolidation of route network, the air
agreements signed with Sudan in 1966 and the United
States in January 1968 could presage a new period
of expansion. CSA probably will inaugurate service
to New York in 1969 if political conditions permit.
During the past two and one-half years, the other
Eastern European airlines each inaugurated service
to Beirut and increased service from their respective
capitals to West European cities. All the Eastern
European airlines, except TAROM, the Rumanian carrier,
continue to use Soviet aircraft almost exclusively.
Communist China has added no new international routes.
The international service of Communist airlines,
particularly Aeroflot and CSA, will continue to grow
rapiffly during the next few years. Aeroflot's in-
auguration of Moscow-New York service provides con-
siderable impetus for further expansion that eventually
may include service to Latin America and Australia.
By 1975, both Aeroflot and CSA probably will have
round-the-world service.
The operations of Communist airlines in the Free
World pose no serious competition for the major
international airlines of the Free World, such as
PAA, TWA, BOAC, and Air France. Communist airlines
serve primarily European cities, competing against
the limited reciprocal service of Free World European
airlines to Communist capitals. The 213 weekly
flights by all Communist carriers to the Free World
compare with the 280 internaLiollal flights per week
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flown by the Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), a
medium-size international airline. In 1967, PAA,
the largest international airline, had about 1,250
international flights per week, which carried a total
of more than 7 million passengers in the year.
Aeroflot carried 55 million passengers in 1967 but
fewer than 0.5 percent of these were on its inter-
national flights to the Free World.
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Communist International Civil Air Service to the Free
World
Growth in Service
1. Communist civil airlines have air agreements
with 55 Free World countries and offer air service
to 45 of these countries. Flights by Communist
airlines to Free World cities have increased by more
than 60 percent since 1965. Aeroflot and CSA are
the largest carriers, as shown in the table and in
more detail in Figures 3 through 11 (inside back
cover).
2. The USSR, after seven years of expanding its
air routes into the less developad countries, has
shifted its attention back to the developed countries.
During 1959-65 the USSR signed air agreements with
24 less developed countries and with only two developed
countries, Italy and Luxembourg. Since 1965, air
agreements have been concluded with four developed
countries -- Canada, Japan, Switzerland, and the
United States -- and with only five less developed
countries. Initiation of scheduled service on three
new routes, Moscow-Montreal-New York, Moscow-Tokyo,
and Moscow-Dar es Salaam, increased Aeroflot's un-
duplicated route network into the Free World by 15
percent -- to more than 51,000 nautical miles.
Sert ice was extended from 31 Free World countries
at the end of 1965 to 37 by the summer of 1968.
3. Much of the USSR's recent success in obtain-
ing air agreements with developed countries stems
from a mutual desire of the participants to improve
diplomatic and commercial relations, but the will-
:,.ngness of the Soviet Union to open up new air
corridors over its territory also has been a signifi-
cant factor. Evidence of this latter policy is the
SAS service between Copenhagen and Singapore via
Tashkent that was inaugurated on 4 November 1967,
and the joint service of Aeroflot and the Japanese
Airline (JAL) between Moscow and Tokyo that began
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Communist International Civil Air Service
to the Free World
Free World Service
As of Mid-1968
Airline
Routes
(Nautical
Miles)
Countries
Served
Flights
er Week
Winter
1965-66
Summer Percentage
1968!! Increase
Soviet Civil Air Fleet
(Aeroflot)
51,000
37
26
44
69
Czechoslovak State Air-
line (CSA)
30,000
31
37
51
38
Polish State Air (LOT)
14,000
14
24
46
92
Hungarian Air Trans-
portation Company (MALEV)
11,600
19
19
29
53
Rumanian Air Transport
(TAROM)
9,600
13
13
18
38
Bulgarian Civil Airline
(BALKAN)
8,900
14
6
16
167
East German State Airline
(Interflug)
6,950
9
5
8
60
Civil Aviation of China
(CAAC)
1,700
1
1
1
a. Six flights (two each by CSA, LOT, and MALEV) are summer flights that probably
will be discontinued in the fall of 1968.
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in April 1967.* Moreover, Austrian Airlines, as a
result of a renewed Soviet-Austrian bilateral agree-
ment signed in 1968, now has rights to operate beyond
Moscow via Tashkent to Iran, India, and Thailand. In
exchange, Aeroflot was awarded rights to operate through
Vienna to Switzerland, Italy, and France.
4. The inauguration of Aeroflot's Moscow-New York
service on 15 July 1968 with the IL-62 (see Figure 1)
culminated a decade of Soviet-US discussions. It also
enhanced the USSR's prestige as an international air
carrier as well as the sales appeal of the IL-62 to
Free World countris.** The US-Soviet air agreement
gives the USSR an additional talking point in obtain-
ing air agreements with Australia and Latin American
countries, particularly Mexico. (Cuba is the only
Latin American country that has an air agreement with
the USSR.) It is unlikely, however, that the USSR
will obtain such agreements in 1968. Since the US-
Soviet air agreement does not give Aeroflot beyond
rights from New York to other parts of the Western
Hemisphere, any Aeroflot service to Latin America
would have to be an extension of existing Aeroflot
routes to Cuba, West Africa, or Montreal.
5. Eastern European airlines have focused their
attention since 1965 on increasing the number of
flights within Europe, extending air service to the
Middle East, and consolidating existing route networks
to improve the efficiency of air operations.
6. Flights into the Free World by Eastern
European airlines increased more than 60 percent,
from 104 in the winter of 1965-66 to 168 in the uminer
of 1968. Most of the rise is attributable to increases
in the number of flights to Amsterdam, Paris, London,
* This agreement provides for joint operation of
this route by Aeroflot and JAL using Soviet aircraft
and flight crews (JAL prot,sdes stewardesses and an
observer) for a period of two years. The USSR has
promised at the end of this period to "try to clear
the way" for JAL to fly indepezdently over Siberia.
** In May 1968, France leased one IL-62 from the
USSR, and the aircraft is now in service between
Moscow and Paris.
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Zurich, and Rome and to the inauguration of air service
by five Eastern European airlines to Beirut -- the
major air transit point in the Middle East. Expansion
of routes and service within Western Europe as well as
to more distant points has been restricted more by
the lack of modern aircraft than by the absence of air
agreements. Current international flights use the
Soviet turboprop IL-18 and a few of the newer IL-18D's,
almost exclusively. Only Rumania among the Eastern
European carriers has broken the pattern of dependence
on the USSR for commercial aircraft.
Fleet Modernization
7. Modernization programs by Communist airlines
began to take form in mid-1967. In September 1967
the USSR introduced its first long-range jet transport,
the IL-62, in scheduled international air service on
the Moscow-Montreal flight and subsequently between
Moscow and London, Paris, Rome, and New Delhi. In
addition, the Soviet TU-134, a new short-to-medium-
range jet, has begun to replace the outdated aircraft
used on Aeroflot's short-haul to medium-haul routes
Lo Western Europe. Aeroflot's introduction of more
modern aircraft is expected to accelerate in 1969 or
1970, when the medium-range to long-range TU-154 is
ready for vervice (see Figure 2).
8. Prior to the Soviet intervention, CSA had
underway the largest modernization program among the
Eastern European airlines. In 1967 it purchased
eight IL-18D's and in May 1968 an IL-62 was leased
from the USSR. CSA has used a leased IL-62 on its
Prague-London flight and had planned to introduce it
on the Prague-Djakarta route in the fall of 1968.*
In.addition, CSA has announced plans for the purchase
of three IL-62's (one in 1968 and two by mid-1969),
one TU-154 after production begins, and 12 TU-134's
for delivery in 1969 and 1970.
* The IL-62 leased to Czechoslovakia was returned to
the USSR.
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IL-62 International Passenger Airliner
59891 J-68 CIA
Figure 1
SOVIET
IL-62
ILYUSHIN-62 SPECIFICATIONS
ENGINE
Number 4
Type Turbofan
MAXIMUM TAKEOFF WEIGHT
(Pounds) 347,000
AVERAGE CRUISE SPEED
(Knots) 460
RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES)
Normal Payload 4,950
Maximum Payload 3,600
CARGO (POUNDS)
Normal 29,100
Maximum 50,600
LIFT CAPACITY (PASSENGERS)
Normal 115
Maximum 186
IL-62 Passenger Jetliner at New York's Kennedy International Airport, November 1967.
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IL-18 at Moscow Air Show, 1961
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59892 9-68 CIA
TU-154 Prototype rolled out in the 1'3SR on 18 August 1968
Figure 2
Soviet Aircraft
TU-134 Medium Range Turbofan
SPECIFICATIONS
IL-18
TU-134
TU-154
ENGINE
4
2
3
Number
Type
Turboprop
Turbofan
Turbofan
MAXIMUM TAKEOFF WEIGHT
(Pounds)
134,000
96,800
189,000
AVERAGE CRUISE SPEED
(Knots)
340
460
460
RANGE (Nautical Miles)
Normal Payload
2,600
1,600
3.730
Maximum Payload
1,850
750
1,840
CARGO (Pounds)
Normal
23,000
16,500
23,150
Maxmium
30,800
47,400
PASSENGER CAPACITY
Normal
84
56
134
Maximum
120
72
160
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9. Rumania's TAROM is the first Communist airline
to include Western aircraft in its modernization plans.
In February 1968, TAROM ordered six BAC 111-400's from
the British Aircraft Corporation for delivery beginning
in May 1968. These aircraft, two of which have already
been delivered, probably will replace part of the IL-18
fleet used on TAROM's flights into the Free World. The
other Eastern European airlines -- LOT, MALEV, BALKAN,
and Interf lug -- plan to modernize their fleet with
TU-134's and have ordered at least 19 for delivery
beginning in 1969.* LOT has eight of these medium-
range jets on order.
Safety Record
10. There have been three major accidents involv-
ing Communist airlines on scheduled international
service since 1965. (1) An Aeroflot TU-114 crashed
in February 1966 on takeoff during bad weather from
Moscow's Sheremet'yevo Airport on an inaugural flight
to Brazzaville. Twenty-one of the 48 persons aboard
were killed. (2) In November 1966 a Bulgarian IL 18
on a scheduled flight from Sofia to East Berlin
crashed on takeoff from Bratislava and all 74
passenger and eight crew members were killed.** (3)
On 5 September 1967, shortly after CSA had replaced
the turboprop Britannia with the IL-18 on the route
to Cuba, one of the IL-18's crashed on takeoff from
Gander, and 34 of 69 passengers were killed.
11. This record would appear to compare favorably
with that of Western airlines, but an overall evalua-
tion of the safety reco::d of Communist airlines is
not possible. Accidents on domestic flights are
* The TU-134, primarily because of its low passenger-
carrying capacity of from 64 to 72 persons, will prove
uneconomical when compared with the US short-range
Boeing 737 carrying from 107 to 119 passengers.
** A Bulgarian airline IL-18 on a chartered flight
from Dresden to Burgas crashed on 4 September 1968,
shortly before reaching Burgas, Fifty of the 89 persons
aboard were killed.
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concealed, and although crashes of aircraft on inter-
national routes cannot be concealed, data on passenger
miles flown are not available for comparison. More-
over, the Communist practice of canceling flights in
questionable weather, to a far greater degree than do
Western airlines, complicates such comparisons.
Free World Air Agreements and Routes
USSR
12. Since 1965 the USSR hes concluded air agree-
ments with Canada, Japan, Switzerland, and the United
3tates, and previous agreements with Denmark, Norway,
and Sweden were updated by protocol amendments. The
USSR now has air agreements with most of the major
aviation powers except West Germany. The USSR signed
air agreements with the less developed nations of Cameroon,
Lebanon, Nigeria, Turkey, and Yemen. During the last
two and one-half years, the USSR has shown far less
interest in pursuing civil air matters with less
developed countries than it did during 1958-65.
13. Aeroflot's service to Montreal was inaugurated
in October 1966. Passenger traffic on this route was
h4gh during the summer of 1967 because of Expo 67,
but traffic has since dropped off and the number of
flights per week has been reduced from two to one.
The extension of the weekly Moscow-Montreal flight to
New York has improved the traffic potential.
14. Direct weekly air service between Tokyo and
Moscow, provided for in the air agreement signed in
January 1966, was inaugurated on 17 April 1967. This
service, which offers a route between Japan and
Western Europe that is five hours shorter than the
Polar route, can be judged a success largely because
of travel by Japanese businessmen and tourists to
Western Europe. In the first six months of service,
2,500 passengers (an average of 96 per flight) were
flown from Tokyo to Moscow and 1,300 passengers (an
average of 50 per flight) used the return flights
from Moscow to Tokyo. This volume of traffic on
TU-114's configured to carry 116 passengers presumably
has been profitable, and the service should be even
more lucrative when the Japanese World's Fair opens
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in 1970. Aeroflot officials have disclosed that the
IL-62 jet will go Into service on the Moscow-Tokyo
route in the near future.
15. Aeroflot's expansion of service to the less
developed countries since 1965 has been minimal. The
USSR signed an air agreement with Lebanon in February
1966, and Aeroflot service between Moscow and Beirut
was quickly inaugurated in June 1966. The Soviet-
Lebanese air agreement does not provide Aeroflot with
fifth freedom rights.* In August 1967 the USSR signed
an air agreement with Turkey and Aeroflot and inaugurated
service to Ankara in May 1968 as an intermediate point
on the Moscow-Cairo route. Air agreements were signed
with Nigeria in 1966 and Cameroon in 1967. Service to
Lagos and Douala probably will begin as an extension
of the existing Moscow-Conakry flight after Nigerian
hostilities end. Aeroflot is expected to further expand
service to Africa by inaugurating regular flights to
Dakar (with intermediate stops in Belgrade, Algiers, and
Conakry) in the fall of 1968 on the basis of a Soviet-
Senegalese air agreement signed in 1965. The Senegalese
agreement provides for beyond rights only to the conti-
nent of South America. This does not include Cuba.
16. The air agreement signed with Yemen facili-
tated the establishment of air service to East Africa,
which the USSR has sought for several years. Weekly
service between Moscow and Dar es Salaam via Hodeida,
Cairo, and Mogadiscio was begun on 17 December 1967.
This route, mostly over water, bypasses Sudan (which
refused several years ago to grant Aeroflot beyond
rights from Khartoum) and Kenya (which withdrew in
March 1966 from an agreement permitting Aeroflot
service to Nairobi). This is the first new route
established by Aeroflot to Africa south of the Sahara
since 1963. An Aeroflot route to Brazza/ille over-
flying the Central African Republic was dropped
after the inaugural flight crashed on takeoff from
Moscow in February 1966.
* Fifth freedom rights would have permitted Aeroflo,5
to pick up and discharge passengers in Beirut who were
destined for or originated from third countries.
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17. Aeroflot has broadened its direct inter-
national air service from cities other than Moscow
to Western Europe. Air service now includes flights
from Leningrade to London via Copenhagen, and from
Leningrad to Helsinki. In addition, a direct flight
was inaugurated between Kiev and Vienna* in the fall
of 1967 (see Figure 4).
Czechoslovakia
18, CSA, the largest and most experienced of the
Eastern European carriers, has concentrated since 1965
on the consolidation of its route network. All the
cities added to CSA's service during this period --
Tunis, Freetown, Nicosia, Istanbul, Teheran, Kuwait,
Dubai, and Singapore -- have been incorporated as
intermediate pcints on or extensions to existing
routes (see Figure 5). The stops at Singapore and
Nicosia were provided for in air agreements concluded
with Singapore in September 1967 and with Cyprus in
November 1967. The other cities added were covered
by existing air agreements or transit arrangements.
Service to Kabul was discontinued in April 1966 due
to lack of traffic.
19. Czechoslovakia has signed several important
new air agreements, not yet implemented, that could
presage a significant expansion of CSA's service
to the Free World in the next few years. An air
agreement with Sudan, signed in June 1966, paves the
way for CSA to fly into East Africa. The agreement
grants CSA fifth freedom rights from Khartoum to
Entebbe and Nairobi -- a concession that the USSR
has failed to gain. To complement this agreement,
Czechoslovakia negotiated air agreements with Kenya,
Tanzania, and Uganda in November 1967-** Czechoslo-
vakia's most important agreement, however, was the
one signed in February 1968 with the United States
to replace a 1946 accord that had been inoperative
since 1948. The new agreement provides CSA with a
Prague-New York route and formalizes the PAA service
* This route had been served only as a leg of flight
SU 017, Moscow-Kiev-Vienna.
** It is not clear whether these agreements have
been signed.
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to Prague which has operated since July 1965 under a
temporary permit. .CSA probably had hoped to. initiate
its Prague-New York service in mid-1969, using;the
Soviet IL-62, and to use the US agreement to its
advantage in obtaining air agreements in.Latin,,America:
Poland
20. LOT has almost doubled its number of fliglits
into the Free World since 1965, but almost all its
expansion has been in Western Europe (see Figure 6).
Year-round routes were established to.Milan arid. Split,
and summer routes were introduced to Vienna, Copenhagen,
and Shannon. Warsaw to Beirut was the only new route
added outside of Wcstern Europe. This route was the
result of a 1966 air agreement with Lebanon. An-air
agreement alsc was signed with Turkey in August 1967
but service has not been initiated.
21. The service from Warsaw to Shannon was in-
augurated in June 1967, without a formal air agree-
ment, as part of a weekly service between Warsaw and
North America (New York, Chicago, and Montreal) . This
service is operated in cooperation with Irish Inter-
national Airlines, which flies the portion between
Shannon and North America.
? Hungary
22. Hungary has signed new air agreements with, ,
seven Free World countries -- India, Lebanpn, Turkey,
and Sudan in 1966; Morocco and Iran in 1967; and .,,
Tunisia in 1968. In the past two and one-half years,
.MALEV has expanded its number of flights per week
from 19 to 29, but most of the additional flights L.-
have been on established European routes. It did,
however, introduce a second weekly flight to Cairo
using a new route via Istanbul, and direct service to
Beirut was inaugurated in June 1966 (see Figure 7).
Rumania
23. Rumania's independent stance in civil air
matters was evident with the signing of an air agree-
ment with Israel in March 1968.* TAROM, the first
* Bulgaria signed an air agreement with Israel in
1964, but scheduled air service was never initiated.
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Communist airline to fly into Israel, began weekly
flights between Bucharest and Tel Aviv on 9 May (see
Figure 8). Israel's El Al flies weekly to Constanta
from Tel Aviv. Flights between the two countries
have proved successful and may be increased. Rumania
also concluded an air agreement with Lebanon in 1967
and updated an existing agreement with Turkey which
permitted TAROM to inaugurate weekly air service be-
tween Bucharest and Beirut via Istanbul in the summer
of 1967. In addition, the existing air agreement
with Switzerland was updated, and air service to Africa
was inaugurated by extending its route between Bucharest
and Athens to Cairo.
Bulgaria
24. Bulgaria's minuscule participation in inter-
national civil aviation has mushroomed (see Figure 9).
Bulgaria concluded air agreements with Turkey, Morocco,
and Iraq in 1966 and with Lebanon, Sudan, Switzerland,
and Italy in 1967, and now has air agreements with
26 Free World countries. Since 1965, BALKAN (formerly
TABSO) has increased its number of flights into the
Free World from six to 16 a week. Weekly IL-18 service
was introduced in 1967 between Sofia and Nicosia, Sofia
and Beirut via Istanbul, and Sofia and Rome.
25. In July 1967, Bulgaria joined the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO),* and in January 1968,
Bulgaria reorganized its civil air establishment and
renamed it Bulgarian Civil Aviation. As a part of this
reorganization the airline, formerly one unit known as
TABSO, was divided into a charter flight division called
BULAIR and a scheduled domestic and international service
division called BALKAN.
East Germany
26. Interf lug, the East German airline, has broadened
its service to the Middle East since 1965 and has in-
augurated weekly flights to West Africa (see Figure 10).
Nevertheless, it still operates the smallest inter-
national service -- eight flights a week into the
Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Rumania also are members
of ICAO, and Hungary reportedly will apply for ICAO
membership in the near future.
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Free World -- of any of the Eastern European air-
lines.
27. East Germany concluded air agreements with
Mali and Iraq in 1966. In addition, Algeria and
Guinea apparently granted Interf lug permission to
operate a scheduled service to Algiers and Conakry
without benefit of a formal air agreement. Weekly
flights to Bamako (Mali) and Conakry via Algiers
were begun in August 1966. Service to the Middle
East was increased by extending the route East Berlin-
Nicosia-Damascus to Baghdad, by inaugurating weekly
service between East Berlin and Beirut, and by in-
creasing the number of flights from East Berlin to
Cairo from one to two a week,
28. In August 1967 it was announced that an air
agreement had been signed by Cuba and East Germany.
This agreement provides for the establishment of
scheduled service between East Berlin and Havana,
but service has not yet icm implemented.
Communist China
29. CAAC, the Chinese Communist airline, has
not opened any new international air routes since
1965 (see Figure Ll Its only service to the Free
World is a weekly flight between Peiping and Rangoon
via Kunming. China signed an air agreement with
France in June 1966 that provided for a commercial
airlink by both countries between Paris and Shanghai,
but only Air France has inaugurated service on this
route. CAAC apparently nas no immediate plans for
implementing its option under this agreement. Air
service between China 6nd Japan has been mentioned
as a possibility by Japanese officials,
III. Prospects
30. The next few years should be a period of
significant growth :n the international service of
Communist airline, particularly Aeroflot and CSA.
Aeroflot's inauguration of Moscow-New York service
provides considerable Impetus to expansion elsewhere
in the world Moreover, if the USSR continues its
policy of opening Soviet cities and air corridors
CONFIDENTIAL
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Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
CONFIDENTIAL
to foreign airlines, reciprocal concessions in the
Free World will facilitate the expansion of Aeroflot's
international route network. The introduction of the
IL-62 and other modern aircraft such as the TU-134
and t!-1 TU-154 will enable both the USSR and the
large. Eastern European air carriers to compete more
successfully with Western airlines.
31. The USSR probably will join ICAO in two or
three years. The USSR sent a small delegation to
ICAO in mid-1967 to discuss procedures for joining
the organization. Soviet officials indicated that
they planned to make application before the end of
1967 but failed to do so. ICAO has a number of
technical standards for aircraft and aviation equip-
ment as well as recommended civil aviation practices
to which member nations are asked, but not required,
to subscribe. US officials estimate that it would
take the USSR about two years to furnish the
necessary documentation and adapt its procedures
to those of ICAO.
32. Membership in ICAO would facilitate Soviet
international civil air operations; Aeroflot would
be accorded overflight rights over member countries,
its aircraft would be certificated by ICAO and not by
individual countries, and it would make the handling
of civil air matters with other nations less complex.
The USSR, in turn, would have to open up its airspace
to a considerably greater extent than it has in the
past. Under the air transit provision of ICAO, a
member state is required to permit both scheduled
and nonscheduled overflights and/or stops for non-
traffic purposes by aircraft of member countries.
Member states can, however, specify the routes and
air corridors to be used.
33. Aeroflot probably will intensify its efforts
to establish air service to at least one Latin
American country (in addition to its present service
to Cuba). Aeroflot also is likely to link its East
and West African routes and extend its Moscow-Djakarta
service to Australasia and Japan. Aeroflot almost
certainly has its eye on round-the-world operations
by the mid-1970's. This service is offered today
only by PAA, BOAC, and Quantas.
- 16 -
CONFIDENTIAL
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Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
CONFIDENTIAL
34. CSA also visualizes a round-the-world service
by 1975, but one of far less scope than Aeroflot.
Czechoslovakia's air agreement with the United States,
its plans for the introduction of modern aircraft
on international rovtes, and CSA's sophistication
in international air matters should work to its ad-
vantage in achieving this objective. Air agreements
already are being sought with both Mexico and Aus-
tralia, both important keys in a CSA globe-circling
service.
35. The other Eastern European airlines, led
by LOT, will expand service primarily to Western
Europe with some further extension of routes to the
Middle East and Africa. Communist China probably
will not take any major steps to expand its air
service into the Free World until the pressures
of the Cultural Revolution have eased. Once this
has been accomplished, some limited initiatives can
be expected by China, particularly in the Far East,
Middle East, and Africa.
- 17 -
rn'ATPITIVT\Trin A T
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IMIIMIIIMMEMAIpproved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
1VII/s1HCRANOD
APPENDIX
Civil Air Agreements of Communist Countries with Countries of the Free World
As of Mid-1968
USSR
Afghanistan 1956
Algeria 1964
I Austria 1955
i-aBelgium 1958
WBurrna 1961
Cambodia
Cameroon 1967
Canada 1966
Ceylon 1964
Congo (Brazzaville) 1964
Cuba 1962
Cyprus 1964
Denmark 1956
Ethiopia
Finland 1955
France 1958
Ghana 1962
Greece
Guinea 1962
India 1958
Indonesia 1961
Iran 1964
Iraq 1962
Ireland
Israel
Italy 1965
Japan 1966 d/
Kenya 1965 a/ f/
Czecho-
slovakia
Poland
Hungary
Bulgaria
Rumania
East
Germany
Communist
China
Year Signed
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1963
1962
1956
1959
1958
1958
1957
1956
1957
1957
1956
1965 a/
1955
1964 ?
1963
1961 b/
1959
1960
1967
1967
1964
1965
1964 c/
1947
1961
1958
1958
1958
1965
1965
1949
1963
1962
1954
1960
1960
1965
1962
1966
1961
1961
1962
1962
1964
1963
1963
1964
1960
1961
1960
1966
1908
1964
1961 b/
1967
1960
1961
1960
1966
1966
1962 b/
1964
1968
1960 d/
d/ e/
_ _
1960
1967
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rIVIINAGIANOD
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 ? CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078 5
IVIINaGIANOD
USSR
Czecho-
slovakia
Poland
Hungary Bulgaria
Rumania
East
Germany
Communist
China
Year Signed
Lebanon
1966
1961
1966
1966
1967
1967
2/
Libya
1963
b/
Luxembourg
1963
ET/
1964
Mali
1962
?
1961
1966
Morocco
1962
1961
1967
1966
Netherlands
1958
1947
1960
1957
1958
1957
Niger
1962
b/
Nigeria
1966
?
Norway
1956
1948
1961
1958
1958
1958
Pakistan
1963
1963
Senegal
1965
1962
o
Singapore
1967
Somalia
1963
Sudan
1962
1966
1966
1967
Sweden
1956
1957
1956
1957
1957
1957
Switzerland
1966
1947
1960
h/
1959
1967
1960
Syria
1962
1958
1962
?
1962
1960
1965
Tanzania
1965
d/
_
f/
_
Tunisia
1964
1963
1968
1963
Turkey
1967
1963
1967
1966
1966
1965
Uganda
1965
d/
f/
_
United Arab Republic
1958
_
1958
1963
i/
1958
1959
1958
1965
1965
United Kingdom
1957
1960,
1961
b/
1957
_
1960
1965
United States
1966
1968
West Germany
1964
d/
1960
d/
1960
d/
1961
d/
Yemen
1967
Yugoslavia
1955
1956
1955
1956
1955
1956
1960
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'IVIIIslaCIL4NOD
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 ? CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5 ?
IVIINHUHNOD
USSR
Czecho-
East Communist
slovakia Poland Hungary Bulgaria Rumania Germany China
Total agreements
NjCountries served
Ia
Number
48
37
39
31
20
14 j/
28
19
26
14
16
13
8
91/
8
1
I a.
Ltn2.ted to cargo-carrgtng rights for ftis between Rangoon and Phnon
b. Transit agreenent (in nost cases overflight and technical landing riots for specific routes:.
c. Provisional license, renewed ever? 60 dags, issued i the governnen: C?prus to 1.,-%2e Eaor iZr
carrier, Interflug.
d. Provisional agreenent.
e. fate of signature unknown.
f. ,Igreenent was concluded the USd5 :.-z7th the East ,:frican Connon Services Crganjation (54
Kenya, Tannani:a, and Uganda. In :4arch Zen?a withdrew fron thIs agreener.t.
g.
Evidence eugges:s that an air agree?:c:n: .-etween East ger-lan? and Lebanon was signed
h. Agreeme,::- Initialed In fcr:oer 2'6) and signed at an unknown later date.
i. Evidence suggests t;:e existence of an earlier agreenent that was not iie-erted.
j. Including eel-vice to cone countries with which fornal agreenents hav.o not been signed.
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IVIINHCIHNOD
A
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rIVIINaCII3NOD
Total agreements
USSR
Czecho-
East Communist
slovakia Poland Hungary Bulgaria Rumania Germany China
Number
48 39 20 28 26 16 8 8
K3Countries served 37 31 14 j/ 19 14 13 9 i/ 1
1-1
a. L.:.72.ted to cargo-carr?Ing rights for flights between 5angoon and Phnom
b. Transit agreement (in most cases overflight and technical landing rights for specific routee).
c. Provisional license, renewed ever? dads, issued the governmentof frrue to the Eacr aip
carrier, interflug.
d. Provisional agreement.
e. Late of signature unknown.
f. Agreement was concluded ,')? the U3S h th,7 East African Common Servicos Organioon (E.4=2 veres,
Ken?a, Can;:ania, and Uganda. In :4arch !.,ithdrew from this agreement.
g. Evidence suggestc that an air agree,7anc .o twee':East 3erman? and Le5anon was signel i.
h. Agreement initialed in Octoer 1:,69 and signed at an unknown later late.
i. E:)!.dence sus to the existence of an earlier agreement that was not imple-ented.
Inci:tdincs.orcice to some countries with which formal agree7ents have no: i:een signed.
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IVIINJUIANO0
Havana
59832 9-68
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Montreal
N Vi York
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Conakry
Freetown
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
Lagos
0
0
Accra
?Douala
Brazz
/",-1
Murmansk
Moscow
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Civil Air Routes of Communist Countries
into the Free World, Cuba, and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Figure 3
ew
Delhi
Dubai
K'un-ming
**-7)
1, ? .
Phndm Penh
Khartoum
Al H,udaydah
01 1
oAddis
Ababa
Colombo
v Hobe
/Entebbe/
? 0 ?
5
r
o Nairobi'
Mogadiscici
Singapore
???
Dar es Salaam
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Djakarta
J
Peiping
Cities not connected into the networks ?el route lines
indicate that civil air agreements ore in existrce.
Tokyo
Havana
59833 9-68
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Montreal
Gander
0
New York
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o Dakar
osioo
Paris .
Zurich ?
Rome
Algiers
Niamey
Conakry
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
Lagos
()Accra
Tunis
\\
o Douo
Murmansk
Helsinki
Leningrad
Moscow
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Trip
Flights
Type of
Route
Number
Per Week
Aircraft
Moscow-Montreal-New York
SU 03
1
IL-62
Moscow-Stockholm
SU 07
2
TU-134
Moscow-Kiyev-Vienna
SU 017
1
TU-134
Moscow-Tashkent-Kabul
SU 019
1
IL-18
Moscow-Belgrade-Algiers-
SU 021
1
IL-18
Bamako-Conakry
Moscow-Copenhagen
SU 023
2
TU-134
Moscow-Rome
SU 025
1
IL-62
Moscow-Cairo-Khartoum
SU 029
1
IL-18
Moscow-London
SU 031
3
TU-104A
Moscow-Ankara-Cairo
SU 035
1
IL-18
Moscow-Damascus-Baghdad
S'T 037
1
IL-18
Moscow-Helsinki
SU 039
2
TU-134
Moscow-Amsterdam-Brussels
SU 041
2
TU-104A
Moscow-Teheran Karachi-
SU 015
1
IL-18
Rangoon
Moscow-Murmansk (1 ) -
SU 047
2
TU-114
Algiers( 1)-Havana
Moscow-Paris
SU 049
4
IL-62
Leningrad-Helsinki
SU 051
3
IL-18
Moscow-New Delhi
SU 053
1
IL-62
Moscow-Budapest-Tunis-
SU 059
1
IL-18
Algiers-Rabat
Moscow-Tashkent-Karachi
SU 061
1
IL-18
Colombo-Djakarta
Moscow-Belgrade
SU 063
2
TU-134
Moscow-Cairo-Hodelda-
SU 069
1
IL-18
Mogadisclo-Dar es Salaam
Moscow-Nicosla-Beirut
SU 071
1
TU-134
Moscow-Amsterdam
SU 074
1
TU-104A
Moscow-Vienna-Zurich
SU 081
2
TU-134
Moscow-Brussels
SU 083
1
TU-104A
Klyev-Vienna
SU 089
1
TU-134
Leningrad-Copenhagen-London
SU 0125
1
TU-1B --???-._
Leningrad-Stockholm-Amsterdam
SU 0127
1
TU-104B
. ?--
Moscow-Tokyo
SU/JL 440
1
,Tt143.1.4
r.? ..
Figure 4
Civil Air Routes of the USSR
into the Free World, Cuba, and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Ankara
a 3
Damagelus
? `,
Baghdad
Cairo
Karachi
Khartoum
Al htudaydah
Rangoon
Colombo
Magadiscia
Dar es &Octant
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Djakarta
Cities not connected into the networks as route lines
indicate that civil air agreemeriti ore in existence.
Tokyo
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Havana
59834 9-68
Gander
0
New York
Dakar
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
Nor NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Shannon
Amsterdam
London
Brussels
Frankf
Parise
Zuric
Geneva
Marseilles
Conakry
Freetown
0Bamako
0
Accra
Helsinki
51 Stockholm
Cop
nhagen
ast Berlin
1110,,.e), Prague
er?
Split
Dubrovni
Milan
Athens
Tunis
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
?
Istanbul
Route
Prague-Paris
Prague-Raba Dakar-ConakryOK
Prague-Athen, .Cairo-Dubai-
Bombay-Rangoon-Phnom
Penh-Singapore-Djakarta
PrBagaguhe-dIasdtanbul-Darnascus-
Prague-Beirut-Cairo
Prague-Gander-Havana
Prague-Brussels
Prague-London
Prague-Frankfurt
Prague-Rome
Prague-Zurich
Prague-Tunis-Algiers
Prague-Milan
Prague-Amsterdam
Prague-Dubrovnik
Prague-Zagreb-Belgrade
Prague-Copenhagen
Prague-East Berlin-
Stockholm-Helsinki
Prague-Vienna
Prague-dAadther s-Damas, is-
Prague-Rabat-Dakar-
Conakry-Freetown
Prague-Cairo
Prague-Tunis
Prague-Beirut-Teheran
Prague-Nicosia-Kuwalt-
Prague-Athens-Nicosia Prague-Zurich
Dubai-Bombay
Prague-London
Prague-Oeneva-Marseilles
Prague-Milan
Prague-Amsterdam
Prague-Split
Prague-Ljubljana
Prague-Copenhagen
Prague-Vienna
Prague-Zurich
Trip
Number
Flights
Per Week
Type of
Aircraft
OK 507
513
OR 516
OR 518
OR 520
OR 523
()O 5355 39
OK 541
07' 543
OK 545
OK 551
OK 553
OK 555
OK 571
OK 573
OK 580
OK 586
OK 551
OK 606
OK 611
OK 620
OK 621
OK 626
OK 628
OK 630
OK 633/639
OK 645
OK 647
OK 653
OK 655
OK 671
OK 675
OK 680
OK 691
OK 745
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2 1
1
TU-104A
TU-104A
TU-104A
TU-124
IL-18
TU-124
TU-104A
TU-104A
TU-104A
TU-124
TU-124
TU-104A
TU-124
L-8
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
TU-124
TU-124
TU-124
TU-104A
TU-104A
TU-104A
TU-124
TU-104A
11U-181,04A -
TU-124
TU-124
, IL
-18124
IL-18
IL-18
TU-124
TTUB--110244A
0 Ankara
mascur---
hdad
Cairo
Khartoum?
Entebbe
0 ,
Nairobi
0
? Teheran
Dubai
Kabul
Bombay
Civil Air Routes of Czechoslovakia
into the Free World, Cuba, and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Rangoon
01.1
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Phnom
Penh
ingapore.
Djakarta
Figure 5
Cities of the Free World not connected into the networks as
route lines indicate that civil air agreen. ?nts are in existence.
ro Shannon
mster ? am
London
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
osio? Stockholm
Copenhagen
,
Route
Figure 6
Trip Flights Type of
Number Per Week Aircraft
Warsaw-Zurich LO 215 3 IL-18
Helsinki Warsaw-East Berlin-Paris LO 227 3 IL-18
Warsaw-East Berlin-Amsterdam LO 233 3 IL-18
Warsaw-Copenhagen LO 237 3 AN-24
Warsaw-Krakow-Copenhagen LO 237A 2 F.-18
Warsaw-East Berlin-London LO 245 4 IL 1.n
Warsaw-East Berlin-Brussels LO 247 2 IL-id
Warsaw-Athens-Cairo LO 251 2 IL-18
Warsaw-Stockholm-Helsinki LO 259 2 AN-24
Warsaw-aelgrade LO 267 1 AN-24
Warsaw-Poznan-Frankfurt LO 271 3 IL-18
Warsaw-Milan LO 277 2 IL-18
Warsaw-Bucharest-Beirut LO 301 2 IL-18
a nsk Warsaw-Beirut LO 303 1 IL-18
Warsaw-Paris LO 327 2 IL-18
Warsaw Warsaw-Rome LO 335 2 IL-18
Krakow-Gdansk-Copenhagen LO 337 1 AN-24
Krakow-Poznan-Copenhagen LO 339 1 AN-24
Warsaw-Shannon LO 345 2 IL-18
kow Warsaw-Amsterdam-Brussels LO 347 1 IL-18
Warsaw-Krakow-Vienna LO 355 2 IL-18
Warsaw-Zagreb LO 365 1 IL18
Warsaw-Split LO 367 1 IL18
Brussels
Paris
Zurich
oAlgiers
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
59839 9-68
Milan
Rome
/Bu ? a ?est
eb Berade
charest
Split
nbul
Athens
Cairo
Damascus Kabul
Beirut
Baghdado
Civil Air Routes of Poland
into the Free World and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Cities of L Free World not connected into the networks as
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
osio? Stockholm
Amsterdam
London
Brussels
Lusembour
Paris
Helsinki
Figure 7
Civil Air Routes of Hungary
into the Free World and Yugoslavia
openhagen
St Berlin
1111.111111MINAN
eudap st
A B ade
nna
Zurich
Milan
Rome
Tirane
Athens
Rabat
0
?Tunis
Trip
Flights
Type of
Route
Number
Per Week
Aircraft
Budapest-Belgrade-Tirane
MA 331
1
IL-14
Budapest-Dubrovnik
MA 325
2
IL-14
Budapest-Zagreb-Dubrovnik
MA 337
1
IL-14
Budapest-Munich
MA 343
1
IL-18
Budapest-Frankfurt-Paris
MA 345 N
2
IL-18
Budapest-Prague-Amsterdam
MA 347
2
IL-1R
Budapest-London
MA 349/351
2
IL-18
Budapest-Paris
MA 355
1
IL-18
Budapest-Zurich-Brussels
MA 363
2
IL-18
Budapest-Zurich
MA 365
1
IL-18
Budapest-Frankfurt-Amsterdam
MA 367
1
IL-18
Budapest-East Berlin-
MA 376
1
IL-18
Copenhagen
13mlapest-East Berlin
MA 380
1
IL-18
Copenhagen-Helsinki
Budapest-East Berlin-
MA 359
1
IL-18
Stockholm-Helsinki
Budapest-Copenhagen-
MA 384
1
IL-18
Stockholm
Budapest-Vienna-East Berlin
MA 38,
1
IL-14
Budapest-Rome
MA 401
2
IL-18
Budapest-Milan
MA 403
1
IL-1B
Budapest-Athens-Cairo
MA 405
1
IL-18
Budape.;t-Athens-Nlcosia
MA 407
1
IL-18
Budapest-1301m:
MA 409
1
IL-18
Budapest-Athens-Damascus
MA 415
1
IL-18
Budapest-Istanbul-Cairo
MA 419
1
IL-18
0 ?
Accra
Summer 1968
Istanbul
cosia
Damascus
Cairo
Khartoum
0
0
Baghdad
0
Addis Ababa
Teheran
SOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE Cities of the?4e World not connected into the nehvorks as route
lines indicate thlrt civil air agreements ore ..rt existence. Included
59835 9-68
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Approved For Release 2009/10/14 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
irip rugnts
Route Number Per Week Arrcraft
Bucharest-Prague-Copenhagen
Bucharest-Sofia-Athens
Bucharest-Brussels-London
Bucharest-Zurich-Paris
Bucharest-Vienna-Parts
Bucharest-Vienna-Frankfurt
Bucharest-Frankfurt
Bucharest-Vienna
Bucharest-East Berlin-
Copenhagen
Bucharest-Rome
Bucharest-Vienna-Zurich
Bucharest-Istanbul-Beirut
Bucharest-Athens-Cairo
Bucharest-Tel Aviv
RO
201
1
RO
203
1
RO
205
2
RO
209
2
RO
211
1
RO
215
1
RO
217/210
2
RO
220
1
RO
231
1
RO
235
2
RO
237
1
RO
231
1
RO
241
1
RO
243
1
Amsterdamo
London.
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
1L-18
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18
Oslo0 Stockholm0
Civil Air Routes of Rumania
Copenhagen into the Free World and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Figure 8
?Accra
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
Citiesofe Free World not connected into the networks os
59837 9-68eements ore in existence.
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Route
Trip
Number
Plights
Per Week
Type of
Aircraft Figure 9
Sofia-Prague-Copenhagen
LZ 101
1
IL-18
Sofla-Budapest-East Berlin-
LZ 103
1
IL-18
Copenhagen
Sofia-Vienna
LZ 123
1
AN-24
Sofia-Vienna-Frankfurt
LZ 125
1
11-18
Sofla-Paris-London
LZ 129
2
IL-I8
Varna-Sofia-Vienna-Paris
LZ 131
1
IL-18
Sofia-Vienna-Zurich
LZ 133
1
IL-18
Softa-Parls-London
1.2 135
1
IL-18
Sofia-Athens-Tunis-Algiers
LZ 141
1
IL-18
Sofia-Athens-Damascus
LZ 143
1
IL-18
Sofia-Istanbul-Beirut
LZ 145
1
IL-18
C
Sofla-Istanbul-Nlcosla
Sofia-Baghdad
LZ 149
LZ 153
1
I
IL-18
IL-18
Sofia-Athens
LZ 155
1
AN-24
Sofia-Rome
LZ 157
1
I1-18
Amsterdam 0
London
o Robot
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
59836 9-68
Oslo
0 Stockholm 0
Brussels 0 Frankfurt
Paris
Copenhagen
East Berlin
gue
Civil Air Routes of Bulgaria
Into the Free World and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Zuric
Budapest
Rome Skopje
Varna
Istanbul
oAnkara
Algiers Tunis
?Accra
Cairo?
cosia
Damascus
Beiru
Khartoumo
,Baghdad
?Jerusalem
0
Addis Ababa
Cities of the Free_ World not connected into the networks as
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5 ?cements ore in existence.
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Trip
Flights
Type of
Route
Number
Per Week
Aircraft
Figure 10
East Berlin-Zagreb-Belgrade
IF 6321
IL-18
East Berlin-Belgrade-Dubrovnik
IF 634
1
IL-18
East Berlin-Beirut
IF 730
I
IL-18
East Berlin-Cairo
IF 740
2
IL-18
East Beriln-Nicosla-
IF 750
1
IL-18
Damascus-Baghdad
East 73erlln-N1coela-Damascus
IF 752
1
IL-18
East Berlin-Budapest-Algiers-
IF 780
1
IL-18
T:amako-Conakry
Bamako
Conakry
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
59838 9-68
East Berlin
Zagr
Civil Air Routes of East Germany
into the Free World and Yugoslavia
Summer 1968
Budapest
Belgrade
ubrovnik
Algiers
Nicosia
eirut
Cairo
Baghdad
Cities of the Free World not connected into the networks as route
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-51 in existence, Included
,ence.
Kabul
0
Karachi
0
Route
Approved For Release 2009/10/14 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5
Colombo?
Figure 11
Civil Air Routes of Communist China
into the Free World
Summer 1968
Trip Flights Type of
Number per Week Aircraft
PelpIng-Kunming-Rangoon CA 041/043 1 IL-18
59840 9-68
Phnom
Penh
0
0Djakarta
Cities of the Free World not connected into the networks as route
Approved For Release 2009/10/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001600010078-5 in re.xi.stencej. nInc.luded