PROBABLE EFFECTS OF MOST-FAVORED-NATION TARIFF TREATMENT ON ROMANIAN EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85T00875R001600040008-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 7, 2002
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: January 1, 1971
• Content Type: IM

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DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Confidential
Intelligence Memorandum
Probable Effects Of Most- Favored-Nation Tariff Treatment
On Romanian Exports To ThF United Stales
DOCUMENT SERVICES BRANCH
FILE COPY
DO NOT DESTROY
Confidential
ER IM 71-8
January 1971
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 194, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized perscn is prohibited by law.
GROUP 1
Excluded from n utomolit
downg,odlnp and
detlossiftalion
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Intelligence
January 1971
INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
Probable Effects Of Most-Favored-Nation Tariff
Treatment On Romanian Exports To The Unite States
Introduction
Trade between the United States and Romania is
a very small fraction of either US or Romanian
foreign trade. Its development has been hampered
mainly by the relatively stringent credit terms
and direct controls applied to US exports to Romania
and the lack of most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment
on US imports from Romania. Beginning in 1964, the
United States began to relax its restrictions on
exports to Romania in recognition of the latter's
independent stance vis-a-vis the USSR, but MFN
status to Romania was not restored. This memo-
randum traces the development of US-Romanian trade
since the revocation of MFN treatment of Romanian
goods in 1951 and assesses the likely impact if
Romania should regain MFN status.
Background
1. MFN status was withdrawn from Romania, as
well as other Communist countries except Yugoslavia,
in accordaiue with the Trade Agreements Extension
Act of 1951,. Romanian goods exported to the United
States are subject to the high rates established
by the Tariff Act of 1930 and are deniad the sub-
stantial reductions from these rates negotiated
since 1934.
Note: This memorandum was prepared by the Office
of Economic Research.
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2. Trade between the United States and Romania
historically has been a very small fraction of
either US or Romanian foreign trade. Prior to the
withdrawal of MFN treatment, Romanian exports to
the United States were $0.5 million or less. Mean-
while, US exports to Romania fell from nearly $8
million in 1948 to almost nothing by 1952, reflect-
ing the growing cold war atmosphere and attendant
US export controls. During the period 1955-63,
US-Romanian trade inched forward, more or less in
balance, as cold war tensions eased (see Table 1).
3. Beginning in 1964, the US attitude toward
trade with Romania softened in recognition of the
latter's increasingly independent stance vis-a-vis
the USSR. The relaxed US export policy implemented
in that year had a substantial impact on US exports
to Romania, which jumped from about $1 million in
1963 to some $5 million in 1964. In 1969, US exports
to Romania were valued at more than $32 million and
prospects for 1970 are for US exports in excess of
$60 million. Relaxed US export controls, however,
have lead to large US surpluses in trade with Romania,
as US imports, while increasing steadily, could not
keep pace with the growth of US exports. The US
surpluses grew from about $4 million in 1964 to
about $24 million in 1969. The preliminary estimate
for 1970 is for a US surplus of roughly $50 million.
4. The sharp increase in US trade with Romania
in recent years is largely an outgrowth of Romania's
policy to expand trade with.non-Communist countries
and the United States' desire to cooperate with
this policy. This policy has its roots in the
Romanian regime's intense desire to loosen economic
ties that bound it to the USSR and the more developed
East: European Communist countries, ties which had
inhibited the development of a diversified in-
dustrial sector in Romania. As this objective was
pursued, Romanian trade with the developed West
(according to Romanian statistics) grew seven times
during the 1960s, and its share ir: total Romanian
trade grew from 15% in 1959 to 35% In 1.969. Moreover,
the diversification of Romanian Inc?ustry affected
the commodity structure of Romanian exports to the
developed West. For example, the share of crude
materials dropped from roughly 35% in 1960 to 25%
in 1969, while that of manufactured goods -- chiefly
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metallurgical products but also machinery and
equipment and manufactured consumer goods -- rose
from 10% of the total during 1960-65 to nearly 30%
in 1969. Romania began shifting its trade to
Western Europe in 1960. US interest developed about
three years later, when Romanian-Soviet differences
came into the open.
Changing Composition of Romanian Exports to the
United States
5. Since 1964, Romanian exports to the United
States have both grown and become more diversified.
Until the early 1960s, they featured undressed furs,
natural fertilizers, and other crude materials and
foods for which there was little or no difference
between the 1930 and MFN rates. The years 1962-65,
however, marked a period of transition as Romanian
manufactured goods were introduced on a larger scale
than previously. The first significant change came
in 1962 when there was a substantial increase in
Romanian deliveries of glass and glassware. By 1965
Romania had added furniture and leather footwear to
its exports to the United States so that manufactured
goods accounted for almost 60% of these exports
compared with only 3% in 1960. Over the next few
years, the assortment of manufactured goods was ex-
panded further to include textile articles, carpets
and rugs, and clothing (see Table 2). Had it not
been for the substantial deliveries of fuel oils in
1969, the share of manufactured goods would have
increased to 69%, as it was, it fell to 45%.
6. The growth of exports of manufactured goods
to the United States, however, has posed problems
for Romania because in general US tariffs are higher
for manufactured items than for crude materials or
semimanufactures and are subject to greater dis-
crimination because of the lack of MFN treatment.
For example, furniture -- 10% of the 1969 imports --
was taxed at a rate of 40%-43% instead of the MFN
rate of 8%-20%; and clothing -- 8% of US imports
from Romania -- was subject to import duties of
35%-90% compared with MFN rates of 9%-39%*(see
Table 2).
* Unless otherwise indicated all tariff rates are
expressed ad valorem or in ad valorem equivalents
derived from specific duties. Ad valorem equivalents
are based on 1969 values of US imports from Romania.
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7. Romanian exports to the United States have
accounted for only a very small part of total
Romanian experts to the developed West -- less
than 2% in 1959. Many of the commodities that
Romania exports to other developed countries are
not exported to the United States or are exported
in small quantities, partly because of denial of
MFN treatment but also because of quota restrictions,
lack of demand, and other reasons. Among the
Romanian exports of significant size to the developed
West in 1969, residual fuel oil and footwear were the
only goods that found more than 20% of their export
market in the United States (see the Appendix). If
Romania received MFN treatment from the United States
it would expand output of some of the commodities it
now exports to the developed countries, and perhaps
shift some existing exports from Western Europe to
the United States.
Petroleum Products
8. Petroleum products account for more than
10% of Romanian exports to developed countries,
amounting to $46 million in 1969. The United
States, however, imposes quantitative restrictions
on imports of petroleum products, except residual
fuel oil.
9. The United States imported almost $900 mil-
lion of residual fuel oil in 1969, mainly from the
Western Hemisphere but including smaller quantities
from the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, including
Romania. In 1969, Romania exported 215,000 tons to
the United States valued at $2.5 million in spite
of tariff discrimination, which is considerable for
a product with such a small processing markup. The
1930 tariff rate for residual fuel oil is 11% com-
pared with the MFN rate of 3% (ad valorem equiva-
lents), and the granting of MFN treatment, as well
as growing US demand might attract more Romanian
fuel oil. Romanian production of residual fuel oil
is expected to increase from almost 4 million tons
in 1969 to about 6 million tons in 1975. How much
of this will be made available for export and how
much will be of the low sulfur variety is uncertain.
Wood and Wood Products
10. Romanian exports of wood and wood products
to developed countries amounted to roughly $80 million
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in 1969? or about 19% of total exports to these
countries. Lumber exports accounted for about
$50 million, and round wood exports another $6 mil-
lion, but these exports have declined in recent
years as Romania expanded output and exports of
higher value goods such as paper, plywood, and
furniture.
11. Abou"-- two-thirds of the lumber exported
to the developed countries is softwood lumber (fir
and spruce), with hardwood making up the remainder
(beech and oak). With MFN status, Romanian hardwood
lumber might be sold in the United States, which
currently imports such lumber from a number of
countries. The current MFN rate is now 30~ per 1,000
board feet (bf), and it will be reduced to zero in
1972. The 1930 rate is $3.00 per 1,000 bf. Virtually
all of US imports of softwood lumber -- about
$550 million in 1969 -- originate in Canada with
virtually no other suppliers. Given the low value
of this product relative to the cost of transporta-
tion, it is doubtful that Romania would attempt to
compete in softwood lumber if MFN treatment is
granted. The current MFN rate is 7~ per 1,000 bf
for spruce and 200 per 1,000 bf for fir; these rates
will be zero by 1972. The 1930 rate is $4.00 per
1,000 bf.
12. Romania has begun to expand exports of
plywood, paper, and paperboard to the developed
countries. Exports were only $8 million in 1969
but are expected to rise. Currently the tariff
differential is considerable and MFN treatment
might attract substantially more than the $75,000
worth exported to the United States in 1969.
13. Furniture is one of the products with the
best prospects for exports to the United States.
The Romanians have made substantial investments
in this industry and have increased exports to the
developed countries from about $1 million in 1965
to almost $11 million in 1969. Rapid growth also
has taken place in exports to the United States
in spite of significant tariff discrimination. Ex-
ports to the United States in 1969 were almost
$800,000, about four times their 1965 level.
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Food and Food Products
14. Romania traditionally exports food products
to the developed countries. Throughout the 1960s --
in spite of other changes in the structure of
Romanian exports -- food exports (including beverages)
have accounted for roughly one-third of Romanian
exports to this area and in 1969 were valued at
$124 million. Nearly all (98%) of Romanian food
exports go to Western Europe. Meat and meat products
(especially fresh, chilled, or frozen beef and pork)
account for about one-fourth of these exports, with
fruits and vegetables (largely fresh) making up
another fourth. Grains (mainly wheat and corn)
account for another one-fifth, and live animals
(almost entirely calves exported to Italy) make up
another fifth of the exports.
15. Much of the food exported to Western Europe
would not sell in the United States because of
perishability (fresh fruit and vegetables) or lack
of demand (grain and live animals). Presumably
some meat could be exported to the United States
although it is subject to quantitative restrictions.
There is a substantial difference between 1930 and
current MFN rates for meat. Romania, however, now
sells a small quantity of canned hams to the United
States (about $25,000 worth in 1969) on which there
is no tariff discrimination.
16. Over the years Romania has exported small
amounts of caviar, nuts, and spices to the United
States, none of which were subject to discriminating
tariffs? Some food products which Romania already
sells to the United States are subject to higher
tariffs, including wine, cheese (more than half a
million dollars worth annually), dried fruit, and
mushrooms. MFN status might attract larger quanti-
ties of these items.
Manufactured Consumer Goods
17. Romanian exports of manufactured consumer
goods (other than furniture) to the developed
countries increased from a few thousand dollars in
1960 to about $26 million in 1969, when they accounted
for 6% of Romanian exports to the developed countries.
Major items included clothing ($15 million) and
footwear ($5 million).
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18. Over the last five years -- even without
MFN status -- Romania also has increased exports
of manufactured consumer goods to the United States.
By 1969, exports of leather shoes had risen in
value to more than $1 million and clothing to nearly
$700,000. The tariff differential for all these
commodities is considerable. With MFN status,
Romania might increase its exports of these goods
to the United States substantially, but quantita-
tive restrictions might be placed on both shoes
and glass.
Metals
19. Romania has expanded and diversified its
exports of metals and metal products to the developed
countries in recent years. In 1960, pig iron was
virtually the only such product exported to these
countries, earning the Romanians roughly $10 million
in that year. By 1969, however, while pig iron
exports were less than $5 million, total exports of
metals had reached nearly $50 .pillion (12% of total
exports to the developed countries). The largest
new items were rolled steel, worth about $14 mil-
lion, and aluminum and aluminum alloys, worth almost
$17 million. As the iron and steel complex at
Galati nears capacity operation, exports of steel
should grow further.
20. With MFN status, Romania might export some
steel products and aluminum to the United States.*
The tariff differential for unwrought aluminum --
7~ per pound compared with 1.5c per pound -- con-
stitutes a significant barrier, and a similar
situation obtains for steel products. Among the
Communist countries, both Poland and Yugoslavia
currently export aluminum and steel products to the
United States and both are accorded MFN treatment.
* A US company, AMAX, recently concluded a $10
million contract with Romania calling for US
technology and some US equipment to build an
aluminum sheet rolling mill in Romania. This mill
will substantially increase Romanian output of
aluminum sheet and foil.
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Machinery and Equipment
21. Romanian exports of machinery and equipment
to the developed countries -- $14 million in 1969,
about 3% of the total -- consist mainly of metal
working machine tools, ball and roller bearings,
electric power machinery, and parts of motor vehicles,
the latter apparently the product of a cooperative
venture with Renault of France.
22. Since 1966 Romania has been exporting a few
thousand dollars worth of machinery and equipment
to the United States, including machine tools. The
current tariff differential is considerable, and
more Romanian equipment might be sold with MFN
treatment, especially metal working machine tools
for which the 1930 duty of 30%-40% contrasts with
current MFN rates of 7%-12%. A cooperative venture,
such as the agreement to provide automobile parts
for incorporation into Renault vehicles, would also
generate exports of Romanian machinery and equip-
ment.
23. The Romanians no doubt would like to correct
the perennial imbalance in their trade with the
United States and, in the event that MFN status is
restored, they would evidently make a major effort
to increase exports to the United States. The
commodity with the greatest prospects for export
expansion to the United States appears to be
residual fuel oil. Furniture is another major
export item likely to be pushed by Romtitnia if
granted MFN status. Other items which might be
included in future Romanian exports to the United
States are steel, aluminum, clothing, shoes, and
certain other consumer items such as meat, wine,
cheese, and handicraft products.
24. There are some major impediments to ex-
pansion Cf Romanian exports to the United States.
To penetrate the US market on a substantial scale,
especially for manufactured goods, the Romanians
will have to cut prices to below the prevailing
levels and thus possibly evoke dumping charges.
Romanian sellers will have to familiarize themselves
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with the US market, and it will require time for
US buyers to become accustomed to Romanian products.*
On the other hand, Romanian products are unlikely to
encounter widespread hostility from US business or
from consumer groups.
25. Nevertheless, over a period of several years,
Romania -- with MFN status -- probably could in-
crease its exports to the United States by several
times. The Polish experience may be indicative of
the possibilities. Following the restoration of
MFN treatment in 1960, Polish exports to the United
States rose from $38 million to $66 million five
years later and to about $100 million currently.
Romanian exports of fuel oil alone in the next
two or three years may surpass the value of all
Romanian exports to the United States in 1969.
Thus a level of exports three to four times the
1969 level is conceivable by 1975. Even under
optimal conditions, however, the value of Romania's
exports to the United States will. continue to be
considerably less than its exports to Romania's
chief West European customers: West Germany (ex-
ports in 1969, $119 million), Italy ($99 million),
the United Kingdom ($60 million), and France ($59
million).
Conclusions
26. US-Romanian trade was little affected by
the US withdrawal of MFN from the Communist countries
in 1951. Romanian exports to the United States
were less than a half million dollars, and most
of the commodities sold to the United States were
crude materials and other goods which faced little
or no tariff discrimination. After 1961 the
composition of these exports changed in favor of
manufactured products, which thereafter accounted
for most of the increase in Romanian exports to
the United States. By 1969, Romanian exports to
the United States had grown to $8 million, and
Romania is now seeking to develop contacts
leading to the creation of mixed companies for
marketing Romanian food and furniture in the United
States. Romanian delegations specializing in
furniture, food, handicrafts, and light industrial
goods are scheduled to visit the United States in
1971.
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manufactured goods, most of which were subject to
discriminatory tariffs, accounted for about one-
half of the total.
27. Romania would like to reduce the perennial
deficit in its trade with the United States by
pushing for increased exports if MFN status is re-
stored. The products most likely to be part of this
growth are residual fuel oil and furniture, both of
which have a large market in the United States. Other
items which Romania may export to the United States
in increasing quantities are steel, aluminum,
clothing, shoes, and certain other consumer items
such as meat, wine, cheese, and handicrafts. In-
creasing entry of Romanian goods into the US market,
however, is limited by the Romanians' lack of
knowledge of the US market and US buyers' un-
familiarity with Romanian products. In view of
the increase in Romanian exports to the United States
in the past five years without MFN treatment, the
next five years should see an even more substantial
growth if MFN status is granted -- perhaps three to
four times the 1969 level. in any event, however,
Romania's exports to the United States will remain
small in comparison with its exports to its main
West European trading partners.
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US Trade with Romania a/
Million US $
b/
Exports
Imports
Total
Balance
1948
7.5
0.5
8.0
7.0
1949
3.2
0.5
3.7
2.7
1950
2.0
0.2
2.2
1.8
1951
0.3
0.3
0.6
d/
1952
d/
0.7
0.7
- 0.7
1953
0.4
0.4
- 0.
1954
0.4
0.4
- 0.4
1955
0.2
0.3
0.5
- 0.1
1956
0.5
0.4
0.8
0.1
1957
1.0
0.5
1.4
0.5
1958
0.9
0.4
1.2
0.5
1959
1.8
1.2
3.0
0.6
1960
1.3
1.5
2.7
- 0.2
1961
1.4
1.4
2.8
d/
1962
0.8
0.6
1.4
0.2
1963
1.2
0.8
2.0
0.5
1964
5.2
1.3
6.4
3.9
1965
6.4
1.8
8.2
4.5
1966
26.7
4.7
31.3
22.0
1967
16.8
6.2
23.0
10.6
1968
16.'/
5.6
22.2
11.1
1969
32.4
8.0
40.4
24.4
a. Derived from US data. Because of rounding,
components may not add to the totals shown.
b. Including re-exports.
c. F.o.b., general imports.
d. Less than $100,000.
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 Hams and shoulders, boned, cooked, in airtight
containers
Fish, prepared, fresh, chilled, or frozen
Caviar
Cheese
Walnuts, shelled
Fruit, dried
Mushrooms, dried or otherwise prepared
Sp.ic s
Wine, still, grape, less than 14% alcohol
Fur skins, undressed
Molasses, inedible
Poppy seed
Feathers and down
Herbs, roots, leaves, etc.
Manmade fibers, not carded nor combed
Manmade fibers, waste
Distilled fuel oils e/
Residual fuel oils
Benzene
Coal tar and coal tar products
Wood manufactures, excluding furniture
Fabrics, woven, of cotton and other vegetable
materials e/
Sheets and pillow cases
Carpets and rugs, wool, hand knotted
Drawn t,r blown glass, unworked 3/
Glassware
Rubber tires and tubes
Furniture
Handbags and travel goods, leather
Footwear, leather
Clothing, men's and boy's
Clothing, women's and girl's
Paintings, engravings, sculpture, etc.
Stamps, postage and revenue
Handbags, luggage, etc., of unspun fibrous
vegetable material
Other
a. Rates are given in ad valorem equivalents for
are derived from 1969 US import statistics. All
are also taken from US trade statistics.
b. No imports or none reported.
Percent
Thousand US $
MFN Rate
Prior to the
1930
Kennedy
MFN Rate
MFN Rate
1960
1965 1969
Rate
Round
1969
1972
1,461
1,836 7,966
b/
80
4
59
b/
33
49
b/
31
519
b/
41
6
b/
b/
'345
3
f/
f/
f/
b/
15
b/
1
b/
b/
b/
b_/
153
b_/
1
b/
133
62
b/
92
25
2
45
b/
86
2
32
b/
b/
b/
b/
b_/
14
f/
5_/
8
325
159
31
216
1
278
b/
2
140
82
26
74
24
66
1
537
b/
41
50
42
4
18
b/
109
110
9
24
39
87
2,621
147
b_/
75
70
201
90
135
210
6
766
40
1,188
555
103
24
169
58
342
4
3
30
35
32
22-67
55
c/
80
Free
1
2
20
Free
7-163
10-118
11
11
Free
Free
33-60
30-45
90
35-45
50-90
60
10-30
40-43
35
20
35-45
38-90
Free
Free
50
N.A.
4
2
30
12-20
32
10-67
24
c/
24
Free
1
d/
20
Free
7-87
5-24
3
3
Free
-Free
.8-18
6-30
36-45
14-22
25-45
21-40
8-10
10-26
16-20
10-17
10-25
10-42
Free
Free
17-34
N.A.
4
1
24
10-18
_ 32
20-67
16
c/
24
Free
1
d/
18
Free
5-70
4-19
3
3
Free
Free
6-1i
5-28
28-40
12-18
25-45
16-32
6-8
8-20
12-16
9-17
9-23
9-39
Free
Free
14-30
N.A.
4
Free
15
9-15
32
8-67
13
c/
24
Free
1
d/
15
Free
2-44
2-12
3
3
Free
Free
4-17
3-25
18-34
10-11
25-45
10-20
4-5
5-12
8-10
8-17
B-21
B-35
Zzee
Free
8-25
N.A.
items
subject
to specific
and
com_round
duties. These rates
tariff
rates are rounded to
the
nearest
percent. Trade vaZkes
C. Coriander enters duty free; for paprika the 1330 rate and the MPli rate are the same at 5? per Zb.
d. Less than 1/2:.
e. Quota restrictions.
f. Less than $500.
g. MEN rate raised tem.oraril' to 447-77. ad valorem equivalent.
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 Exports of Selected Goods by Romania to the Deve'.o ed Western Countries,
US Imports of These Goo cis from the World, and Applicable US Tariff Rates
1969
(Million US $ )
MEN: Kennedy Round Stages Rates
Romanian
Exports
Prior
To the
Kennedy
To Developed
Western
To the
United
Total
US
c/
b/
1930
Round
1969
1972
Countries
States
imports
Cce.modity
Total
Of which:
Food and beverages
Of which:
under 200 lb each (lb)
live
ttle
B
f
2.50
1.50
1.54
1.54
23.3
103
,
,
ca
ee
chilled or frozen (lb)
fresh
B
!"
60
30
30
34
16.1
483
,
ee
,
Pork, fresh, chilled or frozen
in air tight container, for example,
Meat
2.50
1.250
10
0.54
5.5
21
,
hams (lb)
30
30
30
30
5.2
d/
314
Cheese
35%
12%-20%
108-18%
9%-15%
0.8
0.5
67
Wheat
10%
5%
5%
5%
12.3
0
3
Corn (bushel)
250
250
250
250
14.4
0
2
dried
Fruit
22%-67%
10%-67%
108-67%
8%-67%
1.4
d/
6
,
preserved and fruit preparations
Fruit
35%
6%-35%
5%-35%
3%-35%
5.5
d/
96
,
fresh (lb)
Tomatoes
30
1.50-2.10
1.50-2.l0
1.50-2.10
8.4
0
68
,
fresh or dried
Other vegetables
Free-50%
Free-21%
Free-18%
Free-17.5%
4.0
0
66
,
e/
e/
e/
e/
0.2
d/
51
Spices
Wine of fresh grapes (gal)
Wood and wood products, including furniture
3`1.25
37.50
37.50
37.54
1.3
a/
112
Of which:
Wood in the rcugh, or roughly squared
Lumber, sawn, Maned, etc., conifer
Free
Free
Free
Free
6.4
(1,000 bf)
'f
Lumber, sawn, planed, etc., non-con er
0
77
(1,000 bf)
$3.00
$1.50
900
Free
14.7
4
0
250
Plywood, including veneer panels (1,000 bf)
40%
20%
16%
10%
.6
d/
138
Wood manufactures (1,000 bf)
33%-60%
8%-18%
6%-17%
4%-17%
0.7
42
Machine-made printing paper, uncoated (lb)
0.250+
0.170+
0.130+
0.080+
1.5
10%-30%
4%-1?%
3%-8%
2%-6%
10
Kraft paper and kraft paperboard
10%-30%
5%
3%
Free
2.2
0
Fiberboards and building boards of pulp
22
3%-5.5% 1.5%-4% Free-2.5% 1.0 0
fib
t
bl
d
192
a
er
vege
e
an
Furniture Approved For Release 24WO25 idGU~6RDPG5T00875F@?fl 00040008 V -7 0.8
 Approved For Release 2002/03/25 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600040008-9
1969
Millior US
$ )
MFN: Kennedy Round Stages Rates
Romanian
Exports
Commodity b/
1930
Prior
To the
Kennedy
Round
1969
1972
To Developed
Western
Countries
To the
United
States
Tctal
us
Imports ~/
Petroleum products f/
Distillate fuels (gal)
0.51
0.1250
0.1251
0.1250
22.3
d/
38
Residual fuel oils (gal)
0.51
0.1251
0.1250
0.1250
13.0
2.6
871
Chemicals
Of which:
Organic chemicals
10.0
Hydrocarbons and their derivaties
Free-25%
Free-
10.5%
Free-8%
Free-5%
2--5
Alcohols, phenols, pheno-alcohols,
l
i
lb
l4-6t+
41
3t
0
31-2
41
1
1
l
g
ycer
ne (
)
30%
+
-
.
15%
+
0.
.
12%
+
-
0.2
.5
7.5%
Nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers,
manufactured
Plastics (lb)
Free
7C+45%
Free
2.80+18%
Free
2.21+14%
Free
1.41+9%
5.5
2.7
0
g/
46
at
Ferrous and nonferrous metals and manu-
actures
Pig iron, including cast iron (ton) h/
Bars and rods of iron or steel, except
wire rod (lb) h/
1.54-28%
0.51-14.5%
0.51-12.5%
0.51-10.5%
1.4
0
164
Angles, etc., of iron or steel (lb) h/
l
i
f i
l
0.21-28%
0.11-12.5%
0.1C-118
0.1C-9.5%
0.9
0
165
versa
s, etc., o
Un
ron or stee
ex-
cluding plate or sheet (lb) h/
b
i
d fi
i
f i
0.21-28% O.lt-12.5% 0.11-l1% O.lt-9.5%
Tu
es, p
pes, an
tt
ngs o
ron or
steel (lb) h/
0.24-45%
0.14-22.5%
0.11-18%
0.1.1-11%
1.5
0
275
Silver, unworked, or partly worked
65%
21%-50%
16.5%-40%
10.58-25%
2.3
0
72
Copper, refined, including remelted
(lb of copper content)
4C
1.71
1.31
0.81
Aluminum and aluminum alloys, un-
wrcught (lb)
5t-70
2.1251-
1.50-20
It-1.-
2.51
Approved For Release 2002/03/25 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600040008-9
 1969
(Million US $)
MFN: Kennedy Round Stages Rates
Romanian
Exports
Prior
To the
Tc Developed
To the
Total
Kennedy
Western
United
us
1930
Round
1969
1972
Cou
tri
S
c/
n
es
tates
Imports
Animal and vegetable oils and fats
16
7
.
0
N.A.
Of which:
Sunflower seed oil
(lb)
4.5t-
1.80-1.80+
1.40-1.40+
0.90-0.9t+
15.8
0
0.2
4.50+208
8%
6.4%
4%
Tobacco, unmanufactured (lb)
Fur skins, undressed
Oil seeds, oil nuts, and kernels (lb)
Synthetic rubber and rubber substitutes
Synthetic and regeneratll artificial
fibers (lb)
Power generating machinery, other than
electric
Agricultural tractors
Metalworking machine tools
Ball, roller, or needle roller bearings (lb)
Electric power machinery
Motor vehicle parts, excluding motorcycles
35%
Free
30%-40%
35%-10t+
45%
35%-90%
10%-35%
10%
8%
5%
0.6
Free
Free
Free
0.7
12%-20%
9.5%-16%
6%-10%
2.8
12%-3.4t+
9.5%-2t+
6%-1.7t+
1.2
15%
12%
7.5%
8.5%-50%
7%-40%
5%-25%
1.1
3%-10%
1.5%-8%
Free-5%
3.4
0 603
0 93
0 157
0 68
0 118
0 532
Approved For Release 2002/03/25 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600040008-9
 Approved For Release 2002/03/25 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600040008-9
10%-30% 8%-10% 6%-8% 4%-5% 1.4 d/
308-45% 6%-30% 5%-28% 3%-25% 3.2 0
147
174
1C-450+ 0.50-250+ 0.30-20t+ Yz_e-12.50+ 1.7
70% 22.5% 18% 11%
Other unspecified 2.5 d/ N.A.
a. Derived from statistics of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. These figures are c.i.f., except
for US, which are f.o.b.
b. For commodities subject to specific or compound (such as specific plus ad valorem) duties, the unit on which the specific
duty is based is given.
c. Rounded to the nearest million dollars.
d. Less than $100,000.
e. Coriander enters duty free; for paprika the 1930 rate and the MFN rate are the same at 5? per Zb.
f. Except for residual fuel oil, subject to quantitative restrictions.
g. Not reported.
h. Plus additional duties based cT content of alloying materials.
i. Subject to quantitative restrictions.
Approved For Release 2002/03/25 : CIA-RDP85T00875R001600040008-9
Commodity b/
C)
0
z
Manufactured consumer goods (excluding
urniture
Travel handbags, etc.
ClothinS
Footwear
Made-up textile articles
Carpets and rugs, wool, knotted
Glassware
Prior
To the
Kennedy
1930 Round 1969 1972
35%-50% 16%-35% 12%-35% 8%-35%
35%-90% 108-42% 9%-39% 8%-35%
20% 10%-17% 9%-17% 8%-17%
40%-90% 8%-45% 6%-40% 4%-34%
35%-45% 14%-22% 12%-18% 108-11%
60% 21%-40% 16%-32% 10%-20%
1969
(Million US $)
Romanian
Exports
To Developed To the Total
Western United us
Countries States Imports -/
0.4 d/ 97
15.3 0.7 1,094
5.4 1.2 -488
0.6 0.2 62
2.0 d/ 27
1.1 0.2 62
".7 r Other manufactured goods
tT1 a`
Z Of which:
Rubber tires and tubes for vehicles and
aircraft
Cotton fabrics, woven i/
Textile fabrics, woven vegetable fiber,
not cotton (lb)