SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ALEKSANDROV, B.N. - ALEKSANDROV, B.N

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000100820012-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 5, 2000
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

Category : USSR/Solid State Physics - Morphology of Crystals. Crystallization E-7
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 2, 1957 No 3933
Author : Aleksandrov, B.N., Verldn, B.I., Iazarev, B.G.
Title : OEEE~g~e metals by the Zone Crystallization Method.II. Obtaining
Pare Tin by a Combination of the Zone Crystal I I zation Method with Puri-
fication, of Metal from Yolatile Impurities by Prolonged Heating in High
Vacuum.
Orig Pub : Fiz. metallov i metallovedeniye, 1956, 2, No 1, loo-lo4
Abstract : High temperature heating of tin in vacuum reduces noticeably the contents
of impurities with K ~>l) and further multiple zone ctystallization
guarantees a more elfective removal of the impurities of this kind re-
maining in the ingot. The use of fractionized multiple zone crystalliza-
tion for the purification of chemically pure tin with initial value o;.,-,
67 ~ (1.4 -- 1.6) x 10-3 has made it possible to obtain a metal with 6
2.7 x.10-4. - A gubsequent 10-hour heating of this metal ai 1000o and a
pressure o 10- mm mercury reduced the residual resistance to (2.0 --
2.1) x 10-~.
Card 1/1

Category : USSR/Solid State 11hysiis Morpholop of Orystals. Crystallization
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur Fizika, No 1, 1957,No 120~'
Author : Aleksandrov, B.N.) Verkin, B.I., Lifshits, I.M., Stepanova, G.I.
Inst : TTfs- 2:E~71;~;ch;~c Inst. Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSRA
Title : Investigation of T4e Mechanism for Cleaning Metals of Admiktures Using the
Zonal-Recrystalliz&~ion Method
Orig Pub : Fiz. metallov i metallovedeniye, 1956, 2, No 1, 105-119
E-7
Abstract : A'deta_4led theoretical and experimental study is made (u~ing'ailoys of the
Pb-Sn'-P and Sn-Bi,systew) of the mei+anism for purifying inetals by the
zonal-r6crystal.limation method.', The impurity distribution vas studied by
m6asuring the act-ilit en.from various parts of the ingot, or
,y of specimeiis, tak'
by using the contrast-radiography or the residual-resistance methods. The
role of the absence of equilibrium on the crystallization boundary and the
role of diffusion and convective displacement in the zone are exwdned.
Card 1/1

SOV/137-59-12-26631
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 12, p 124 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Aleksandrov, B.N., Verkin, B.I., Lazarev, B.G.
TITLE: Preparation of Pure Metals by the Method of Multiple Zonal-Recrystalliza-
tion and the Use of RadioagtiveaaQtQ1d?to Investigate the Mechanism of
Purifying the Metal From Admixtures by the Indicated Method
PERIODICAL: Tr. Sessii AS UkrSSR po mirn. ispollzovaniyu atomn. energii, Kiyev, AS
UkrSSR, 1958, PP 119 - 137,
ABSTRACT: The authors analyze the methods of metal purifying by recrystallization,
and the equipment for multiple zonal melting developed at FTI of AS
UkrSSR; they discuss results obtained by investigating the me~h_anism
of the process (distribution of the admixture over the zone, non-
stability of the process, and deviaticals from the equilibrium) with the
use of radioactive isotopes (SnI13, Zn65, AgllO, 1~e59, Inll4). it was
established that the design of an installation with a ring-shaped crucible,
divided by a partition, proved convenient. In this installation the motion
of the ingot is performed-by the continuous rotation at a required speed
Card 1/2 of a horizontal disk and the crucible. The authors describe a variant of

SOV/137-59-12-26631
Preparation of Pure Metals by the Method of Multiple Zonal Recrystallization and the
Use of Radioactive Isotopes to Investigate the Mechanism of Purifying the Metal From
Admixtures by the Indicated Method
the installation for smelting easily-melted and low-melting substances (the latter
with a refrigerator) and of high-melting metals. An installation for zonal melting
by electronic bombardment is described. Information is also given on the posbible
preparation of an ingot with a constant concentration,.of the admixture over the
length, on account of the circulation through the liquid zone of a metal with an
initial content of the admixture.
Yu.Sh.
Card 2/2

SOV/126-6-1-22/33
AUTHORS: Ale_kqandnav,-_B_1L, Verkin, B. I., Lifshits, I. M. and
-S~EeJpanova, G. I.
TITLE: On the Possible Causes of the Non-uniform Distribution
of Admixtures in a Crystallising Casting (K voprosu o
vozmozhnykh prichinakh neodnorodnogo raspredeleniya
primesey v kristallizuyemom slitke)
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1958, Vol 6. Nr 1,
pp 167-168 (USS-R)
ABSTRACT: In a paper published in 1956 by the authors (Ref,l) the
mechanism was investigated of purification of metals
from admixtures by means of zonal recrystallisation.
There it was assumed that in front of the crystallisation
front the conditions are such that solidification of the
melt does not take place; in this paper the possible
consequences are mathematically analysed of the non-
validity of this assumption. Numerical evaluation for
the system lead-tin (about 1% tin) indicates that for
this system a periodic "blocking up" of admixtures in
the solid phase can be anticipated. InM', exposures
obtained by contact radiography of Pb-SR castings
Card 1/2 showed a large number of transverse bands corresponding

SOV/126-6-1-22/33
On the Possible Causes of the Non-uniform Distribution of
Admixtures in a Crystallising Casting
to excess Sn admixture in these spots (Ref.1).
There is one Soviet reference.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN Ukr. SSR
(Institute for-Ph~sids and 26chxiolc
,w,kc.Se. Ukr.SSR
SUBMITTED: January ?, 195?
1. Metals--Purification 2. Metals--Crystallization
Card 2/2 3. Mathematics--Applications

AUTHORS: Alokcandrov, B. 'T., Ver!:-in, 1. 1. -1/5 6 - 17 4 -
~Iha ~_Free P~ath L~enc~th of '.;L-ctrons in Tin of 4
TITLE : A . . 1. -.,1 - i -, r . -
(Nina ~:vobodnogo probe-a elektronov v olove vy~~o!-o,-,r chist:)ty)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksplerir..ientallnoy i tecc-c-ticheL,`:oy fizi*-:i, 155.3,
1,
Vol. 34, Nr 6, p:,,. 1655-165")_ 0MR)
A13STRACT: The purification of t)12 tin "ron vdmi~-tureo %-~s controlled
by mcasiirinC the romanunt R A /p, of L11%eci.-
room
mens t~.ken from I'LIUMV11.12 of n her-tod i-nd recryut&llized
bar. :1 4,2 denotes the renistunce of the _specimen at 4,20K
and R - its resistance at room te:-;perature. . -liagram
room
shows the dependence of 6 on the diameter of cylindric i7ires
for tin with bco= 1,8.10'5. A second diagram 2howZ the de-
pondence of a/ for p . 0, 0 denotes the conductivity of
CD .1
the specimen, a OD - the conductivity of the massive metal,
and p - the probLbility that the electron is neattered elaeti-
Card 1/2 cally. The best consistency between the experimental and theo-

The Free Path Length of Mectrons in Tin of Hig") Turity SOVI/56-34-01-47/51
retical data may be obtained for the free path length
X = 0,65 mm. A table compares the dpta of thi,-, paper with
those of other authors. All theae data complately corrospond
with the results obtained by investigating the anomalous skin
effect of tin. There are C" tables and 8 rQferences, 4 of
whioh are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut Akademii nauk Ukrninskoy SSR
(Physico-Technical Institute of thp 14 UkrSSR)
SUBMITTED: March 26, 1958
Card 2/2

24(0) - /53-67-4-1/7
AUTIOR: A.
T1TLR: Tht TIfth All-ftion Conference an the Physics of Low
temperatures (5-7e Ysomoyuznayo sombehanlyt Pa fL$Iko nl%kLkh
te,.p.rstar)
PZRIOMICAW U.Pokbi fl.leb.skikk o..k, 1)59, Val 67. 31 4, VP M-750
(VS311)
AIISMCT: this Conference took place from October 27 to November I *I
Tbalell It ... arganued by the Old.l.nly. fL2Ika-&t..&1L-

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kh a:.k Akad..It nouk 5331 Of Phy.i.o-
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It. Akd.aljra mank Cru.l.skoy SSR (Academy Of Sciences.
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Tbilisi, Nomeow, Xhar1kov, Zlyov, Leningrad. Sverdlovsk, and
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USSR. About 50 lectures more deliver-
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slie-t' )/6o/ooq/oi/o.-1,,.0/03l
Elll/E191
AUTIHOR: Alek-androv, B.N,
TITLE: P-roduz~tion of Pm,e.Tin by Prolonged Heating in Vacuum
a-rid Repeated Recrystallization
PERIODICAL; Fizika metallov i metallovedenz.-tys, !960~ Vol 9, Nr 1,
PP 53-,556' (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The present uork is a cont'inuation of the author's
previous work (Refs 1, 2) and 13 devoted to the -
prod*a,,t.Jon of pure tin by heating in a vacu-om of 10-)
' L ri
mm Hg at 10010 the oxide . lyr. being removed by d-rawing
through a die at 10-4 mm Hg, and by zone recrystalliza-
tion. Fo-T- the lattE;r, crystallizatio.-Li speed was 2_0 mm
per hour, liquid-zone widtb 30 mm and specimen length
500 mm, Purity was estimated from the :patio of
resistivity at 4.2 OK to that at room temperatur,.:~.
Purity has been shown (Ref 3) to be related to minimum
p ermissible cylindrical-SDecimen diameter; this is shown
as a function of the resislilrity ratio in Fig 1.
Card Several grades of t-Ln were used. Fig 2 shows the
res
2/3 *,- stivity i-atio alorif, a specimen of 0-2 grade (9q.6% Sri)
ailter 60-fold Zorla refining without and with (curves 2. and

S/126/60/009/011/010/0-IL
El-l-I/Blql
Production of Pure Tin by Prolonged Heating in Vacuum and Repeated
Zone Recrys tall iza tion
2. reSDectively) p-reliminary vaccuum heating. The
corresponding curves for 0--I grade (99.Q4,1 Sn) tin after
55-fold zone refinLig are shown in Fi-- 3, and Fig 4
gives the ratio curves for "hIgh-puriZy" ( > 99.9991~ Sn)
tin without vacuum hea-Lin-. The dist'ribution of
:LmPur:1.ties along a specimen of electrolytic
(> 99.99% Sn) grade was similar to that shown in Fig 4;
the curves ir. Fi-s 2 and -1 show a minimum w-k-tile that in
Fig )+ does not. Qualitative spectroscopic analysis
(by Ye,V. Livshits) and t1he use of radioactive tracers
sbowed that in zone refininlal antimony,, calcium and
manganese concentrate at the starting end of the
specimen and lead, c:,:pper, bismuth, cadmium, irons
silver., indimi, 7~inc, go-1A (Ref 4.), nickel, a1umdmium,
magnesitun and silicon at the finishing ends the method
is least effective for sillcon. alumirdium and iron.
Card I
90~,999985 Sn material is obtaInable comparatively easily.
2/3 Y'e'.K. En-grebir . assisted in expe-rimontal work.
yak

s/126/6o/o09/01/010/031
Hill/El.91
Production of Plare Tin by Prolonged Heating in Var;uum and
Repeated Zone Recrvs ta 11-J zation
Details of apparatus and procedu-7,G are given elsewhere
(Refs -1. 2).
There are )+ f-Igures, 1 table and 5 ref-arences~ of which
4 are Soviet and 1 is Rnglish.
ASSOCIATION; Eh-ai-lkovskiy.fiziko-tekair-icheskiy inst-it-'at All USSR
(Kharlkov Ph2sico-Tenhnical Instit-at.9, Acad.Sci.
SUBMITTED; June 19, 1959
Card 3/3

69688
S/126/60/009/03/008/033
E091/E435
AUTHORS: Aleksandrax,_~ ~d Verkin, B.I.
'rITLEj Purification of Electrolytically Pure Cadmium by Zone
1 "ecrystallization and Vacuum Distillation
PERIODICAL :Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1960, Vol 9, Nr 3,
PP 362-365 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This work is a study of the possibilities of further
purification of electrolytically refined cadmium.
Electrolytic cadmium of the following original
composition was usedi Tl s, Sb. Bi, Ni, Cu less than
'
t
(3-5) x 10-4%,
i x 10-4% each4 Pb 2.x 1;_
%, Fe
-
% (1e it is more than 99.998% pure). The
Zn (5-7) x 10
R"2
2 is the electrical resistance
ratio 6 =
(where R4
.
Rkom
of the metal at the boiling point of liquid helium (4.2*K)
and Rkom is the electrical resistance of the same
specimen at room temperature) and the free run of
electrons in the helium temperature range are properties
sensitive to the total quantity of chemical impurities.
Card 1/4 The value of 6 was measured by means of a low-resistance

69608
5/126/b0/009/03/008/033
E091/E435
Purification of Electrolytically Pure Cadmium by Zone
Recrystallization and Vacuum Distillation
compensator and a high-sensitivity galvanometer on a
few polycrystalline wires of 2 to 3 mm diameter which
had been annealed iii air at 120aC for 6 to 10 hours.
Thelength of the free run was estimated by methods
described by Riedel (Ref 5) and Andrew (Ref 6) in which
the dependence of 6 on the thickness of a plate of
electrolytically pure cadmium is measured at 4.2*X. The
plates were prepared by rolling with subsequent pickling
and annealing in air at 1200C for many hours. After
annealing, the grain size was greater than the thickness
of the plate. The results of these measurements are shown
in Fig 1b. By using Fuchs's theoretical table (Ref 7)
for the diffusion scattering of electrons at the boundary
of the specimen and adopting the relationship boo - 1.5
x 10-4 for a massive specimen, good agreement between
the experimental results and the theoretical curve was
obtained at a free electron run length of 0.4 mm (Fig la).
From Sondheimer's formula (Ref 4), the number of electrons
per atom of metal can be calculated and in this case is
Card 2/4 0.1. The results of the estimation of the value of 6

69688
S/126/60/009/03/008/033
E091/E435
Purification of Electrolytically Pure Cadmium by Zone
Recrystallization and Vacuum Distillation
and of the length of free run of electrons in cadmium
of various chemical purities are shown in the table on
P 363. Zone refinement of cadmium ingots weighing 150
to 170 9 was carried out in tantulum boats (0.1 mm thick
and 350 mm long) which were placed inside a quartz tube
(35 mm diameter and 1200 mm long); three resistance
furnaces were placed in position around the tube which
simultaneously created three liquid zones, each 40 mm
long. The rate of crystallization was 25 mm/hour. The
boat was placed at an angle of 1 to 1.5* to the horizontal
in order to avoid overflow of the metal into the head of
the ingot, thus causing multiple crystallization (Ref 11).
In view of the great volatility of cadmium at its
melting point, the purification was carried out in an
argon atmosphere at a pressure of 760 mm Hg. The results
of purification of two ingots are shown graphically in
Fig 2. The purity of the original cadmium ingot is
shown by a line of dashes. The distillation of cadmium
Card 3/4 was carried out in a quartz tube in a vacuum of 10-4 mm Hg
L11

69688
s/126/60/009/03/008/033
E09l/E435
Purification of Electrolytically Pure Cadmium by Zone
Recrystallization and Vacuum Distillation
at 450 to 500*C. It was found that after distillation
be* for cadmium was 7 x 1o-5. The authors express
gratitude to D.P.Zosimovich for the preparation of
electrolytic cadmium. There are 2 figures, 1 table and
11 references, 4,of which are Soviet, 4 English and
3 German.
ASSOCIATIONsFiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN USSR
(Institute of Physics and Technology AS UkrSSR)
SUBM1TTEDz June 19, 1959
Card 4/4

82596
B/056/60/039/01/04/029
B006/BO70
AUTHORS: Aleksandrov, B. N., Verkin, B. I.,- Svechkarev, I. V.
----------------------------I
TITLE- The Temperature DependencMf them S%Lsce i f Indiull,
-ALeadv and Tin Crystals
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1960,
Vol. 39, No. 1 (7),.Pp. 37-43
TEXTt The temperature dependence of the susceptibility of a number of
elements is related directly to their position in the periodic system,
that is with thepresence of small electron groups and must, therefore,
be characteristic of all elements which show a de Haas- van Alphen
effect with large period. To test this hypothesis, the authors
investigated the temperature dependence of the susceptibility of Pb, In,
and Sn which crystallize in cubic or tetragonal forms. The samples
investigated were of high purity and in the form of small spheres of
0-35-0-5 g weight. Determination of the principal values of susceptibility
was done with the help of a modification of Faraday's balance method.
Fig., 1 shows a scheme of the experimental arrangement and the position
Card 1/3

82596
The Temperature Dependence of the Susceptibility S/056/60/039/01/04/029
of Indium, Lead, and Tin Crystals B006,/BO70
of the sample in the magnetic field. To eliminate the effect of the
medium, the measuring apparatus is evacuated and filled with low pressure
hydrogen. The apparatus and the experiment are very minutely described
in the introduction. The measurements were made between room temperature
and 20-40K, where the liquids CH 49 029 N2 and H2 served as coolants. The
observed values of %I,, jj and are compiled in a tabley and compared
with the results of other authors. The results are represented
graphically in Pig. 2. Indium: ~I(T) and 6 X(T) were measured for two
samples and identical results were obtained. Fig. 2 shows XI(T) and the
calculated values of %,,I(T). 'k.Lincreases by 20% during a temperature drop
of from room temperature to 800 K, goes to a maximum, comes down, and at
20-40K still lies 15% higher than the value at room temperature.
)C, increases monotonously to 200K reaching about thrice the value, and
at -1000K has a point of inflection. Leads %(T) and the anisotropy in
the (110) plane were investigated for two samples. 7 increases practical-
ly linearly with a fall of temperature and is 20% higher at 20-40K.
Card 2/3

82596
The Temperature Dependence of the Susceptibility 9/056/60/039/01/04/029
of Indium, Lead, and Tin Crystals B006,,BO70
No anisotropy is observed. Tint This shove a positive susceptibility.
-t,(T) was investigated along the normal to (010) plano, and 67(T) in
the (100) plane. It was found that, in contrast to other elements of
this group, 11,1 decreases linearly with fall of temperature down to
20-40K (1,1 by 6% and 7.L by 15%). These results are diacussed in conclu-
sion and are compared with the theoretical and experimental results of
other authors (Fig. 2). G. Ye. Zillberman and F. I. Itskovich are
mentioned. There are 3 figures, I table, and 23 referoncest 9 Soviet,
4 British, 4 American, 1 German, I French, and 2 Dutch.
ASSOCIATIONs Fiziko-tekhnieheskiy institut Akademiya nauk lukrainskoy SSR
(Physicotechnical Institute of the Acadeiy of Sciences of
the Ukrainekaya SSR)
SUBMITTED: February 13v 1960
Card 3/3

21364
S/126/61/011/004/013/023
'5 122Z0 10 8 71 (1 4 0, 117 E021/E435
AUTHOR: Aleksandrov, B.N.
TITLE: Zone Purification of Zinc and Cadmium
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1964, Vol.11, No.4,
PP-588-595
TEXT: The starting materials were three types of zinc (99.998,
99.9996 and 99,9997%) and vacuum distilled cadmium (99.9996%).
The purity was followed by measurements of thei ratio
6 =.R 4.2 /R room temperature. The lower thimi ratio, the purer in
the metal. Zone melting was carried out in quartz tubes in a
helium atmosphere with an excess pressure (0.!i to 1 atm). A
tantalum boat was used for the cadmium and a graphite boat for the
zinc. The technical data for the zone melting operation are
given in Table 2. The furnace was fed from a special voltage
stabilizer.- Fig.4, 5 and 6 show the values of 6 along the zone-
purified bars of the pyrometallurgical (99.9911%), electrolytic
(99.9996%) and vacuum-distilled (99-9997%) zirkc. Curve 1 is after
11 passes and curve 2 is after 20 passes. In the case'of Fig.6,
the single curve is after 20 passes. The dotted lines show the
Card 1/

Zone purification ...
21364
S/126/61/011/004/013/023
S021/E435
original values of 6 The curves for pyrometallurgical and
vacuum-distilled zinc have a linear portion whereas the
electrolytic zinc has a minimum. Thus in tho latter there must be
impurities with a coefficient of distribution K greater than 1.
Fig.7 shows the values of 6 along the bar of cadmium after
30 passes. Table 3 gives the results of the zone purification for
the three types of zinc, and for the distilled cadmium and
electrolytic cadmium previously investigated (Ref-3).
Acknowledgments are expressed to graduate I.G.D'vakov,
A.A.Kruglykh, I.I.Papirov and V.L.Kheyfets for their assistance in
the work. There are 7 figures, 3 tables and 16 references:
10 Soviet and 6 non-Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Piziko-tekhnicheakiy inatitui AN UkrSSR
(Physicotechnical Institute AS UkrSSR)
SUBMITTED: July 2, 1960
Card 2/#'-1

2893.'s
S/056/61/041/004/019/019
43 if 1J B111/B112
AUTHORS: Aleksandrov, B. No, Kaganov, M. lo
TITLE: Resistivity of thin monoorystalline wirso
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheekoy fizikil v. 41,
no- 4, 1961, 1333-1336
TEXT: Measuring the resistivity is of interest for the determination of
the free path. The standard method worked out by R. B. Dingle (Ref. 2:
Proo. Roy. Soo., A201, 545, 1950) is, however, only ay;lioable to an
isotropic quadratic dispersion law of electrons. B. No Aleksandrov used
mires made from tin previously subjected to zone purification (99.99986 %)
to measure the dependence of specific resistivity on the diameter.
Results are shown in a figure. It is shown that 6 -R 4.2 /R 293 (R4*2
resistivity at 4.20K, R293 at 2930K) is a linear function of the reciprocal
diameter do If the axis of the mire is parallel to the principal axis of
the crystal, the slope of the straight line will be smaller than in
perpendicular position. The theoretical treatment can 'be only concluded if
Card 1 /~--

28934
S/056/61/041/004/019/019
Resistivity of thin monocrystalline wires B111/B112
the path NIP d. If the vire axis is perpendicular to the symmetry plane of
the crystal, the following holds for the electrical conluctivity CF(d),
without particular assumptions:
G(d)Pj 8de2 1 (irT)2 _ dS,
7,4)3 Nb
3n(2 - (
where T is the unit vector in the direction of wire axis, IT the unit vector,
perpendicular to the Fermi surface, dS the element of area. Computing the
integral necessitates assumptions on a dispersion law. An anisotrODic and
an isotropic law are dealt with. In the latter case, the authors obtain
III - 2.2-10-37 CGSE and I. - 1.1-10-37 CGSE, respectively, for the two
crystallographic directions. The difference in slope of' the straight line
&- f(d) is due to different forms of the Fermi surfaces for tin. It is of
interest to establish this difference experimentally in the directions
[1001 and [111] for various metals such as Pb, Cu, Au, Ag, and possibly Al.
According to computations performed, every tin atom, for instance, should
possess1.2 conductivity electrons. This value has been derived under
extremely idealized assumptions.
Card 2

S/126/62/014/002/011/oi8
E114/E435
AUTHORS: Aleksandrov, B.N., D'yakov, I.G.
TITLE: ........... ~ bone refining of--a-lAwninium and lead
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v.14, no.2, 1962,
267-270
TEXT: The initial materials were of high purity, the aluminium
being 99-997,o, containing less; than lo-350' Fe, 9 x 10-11% Si and
0
5 x 10-4% Cu; the lead 99.9949', containing lesa than 4 x lo-3'/o' Bi,
1 x lo-3o,-,,, Mt, 1 5 x 10-4% Cu , As, Sb,, 3 x 10-4" Ag
Zn, Sn, Fe '0
and 2 x 10- '% Ca, Na. The purity was determined by the ratio (6)
of the electrical resistance of 4.2*K to that at 200C. - The lead
was treated in a lightly oxidized tantalum boat'and the
aluminium in a boat of electrode graphite. Heating was carried
out in quartz tubes, using mul 'tiple resistance 1,...eaters which gave
liquid zones 55 to 60 mm long with Al and 40 to 50 mm long with Pb.
The lead was refined in vacuo, the aluminium in a helium atmosphere.
The rates of traverse were 10 mm per hour for Al and 25 nuit per hour
for Pb.* With Al, 16 to 18 passes were employed. and a single
crystal was usually obtained, but with Pb the number of passes
varied from 10 to 65 and single crystals were never obtained.
Card 1/2

S/126,162/ol4/002/OJI/018
Zone refining of aluminium and lead E114/r,,435
Curves showing the variation of 6 along the lf~ngth of the bar
after refining were obtained. For aluminium, it was shown Lhat
there were no impurities with K > 1 in the first part of 1he
purified zone extending for 50% of the length; the ,I'
passes required was 16 or less. For lead, however, the opta-muin
number of passes was 65 or more and the purified zone*was only
25% of the total length. In further experiments with lead,
specimens were refined with 35 passes and the pure poi-Liolit
several bars were combined and further zone refined with _-)i
additional 50 to 60 passes; 50% of the final bar was then r) f
high purity. A list of the imp:rities which are difl'icult. -i
remove by zone refining gives those for aluminium as Cr, MM i K --1) ,
Ti, V (K -'> 1) and Bi, Mg (K = 0.3 to 0.6) and for lead a!z
Sn (K = 0.7) and Sb, Bi, Mg, Na (K = 0.4 to 0.6). Therv
2 figures and 2 tables.
SUBMITTED: November 28, 1961
Card 2/2

h1521
I a-0 S/126/62/ol4/oo3/013/022
E021/E435
AUTHOR: Aleksandrov. B N
TITLE: The relation'between the residual resistance of-tin,
indium, lead, cadmium and zinc and the quantity and
type of'impurity
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v.14, no-3,
1962,
434-442
TEXT:' The relation between residual resistance and impurity V
content was found by the method of successive dilution of alloys
prepared from pure materials. Measurements *were carried out to
obtain 64.2 = R4.2/R293 (where R4.2 and :R2g3 are respectively
the resistances at 4.2 and 293*K) and 63.4, 6 and
7-2, 14
620.4- In the majority-of cases thexesidual resistance was
determined by measuring 61.6- For two of the purest indium.
samples, values of wvT-e--obtained by extrapolation. The --
.purity of the initial metals was found by measuring 64.2-
Results of 154. x lo5 :Zn < 41 Cd < 5, Sn 1.5, In 5.0, Pb 7,
Bi 280, .Sb 40- go. Alloys were then prepared basod on indium,
lead, zinc and cadmium containing total impurities of 2.3, 3.81
C-ard 1/ 2

r
-S/JL 2~6/62/01 4/003/013/022
The relatio4 between the residual ... E021/t435
2.9 and 1.9~ wt.1' respectively. Resistances were measured (by a
compensating method) and then the alloys were successively diluted
and the resistances were,,, measured again. The,accuracy of R11.2
measurements was about 1p.for the alloys containing the least
amount of impurities and greater for alloys with*more impurities.
The resistance of superc onducting alloys was measured in the
longitudinal field of a solenoid. Results: The relation between
the residual resistance and total impurity content was linear for
indium and lead and quadratic for zinc and cadmium,. By introducing
.'different impurities it was shown that the ratio of.the residual
resistance of tin, indiu~m and lead to the atomic concentration of
impurities in them increases with increasing atomic. radius of the
impurity. The results are in qualitative agreement with
Norbury's rule for indium,, tin and lead but not for- zinc and
cadmium. There are 4 figures and 5 tables.
SUBMITTED: March 15, 1962
Card,2/2

S/126/62/ol4/oo4/ol3/017
E193/E383
AUTHORS: Aleksandrov, B.N. and Dlyakov, I.G.
TITLE: Purification of technical-grade cadmium by vacuum
distillation with the application of a preheated
condenser
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov I metallovedeniye, v. 14, no. 4,
1962, 569 - 573
TEXT: The object of the present in'v'estigation was to
establish the conditions under which vacuum-distillation would
yield cadmium as pure as the material obtained by the more
expensive method of zone-refining. The chemical analysis and
the purity (6 = R 4.2 /R 2881 where R is the electrical resistivity
.at 4.2 and 288 OK, respectively) of the starting materials ar'e
given in Table 1. Distillation was carried out in a vacuum of
'about 10-4- mm Hg In a distillation column placed under a glass.
bell. 'The construction of the column is shown stzhematically in
Fig. 1; its main parts were a quartz crucible provided with an
electric-resistance heater and a tantalum condenser whose lower
Card 1A

s/126/62/oi4/oo4/oi3/ol7
Purification of E193/E30
part (approximately 1/3.df its length)-couid also be heated to
various temperatures. The2area of the condenser was about ten
times that of ihe'area of the melt. The experimental conditi8ne
varied as follows. The temperature of the metal: 315 - 509 C;
temperature of the lower part of the condenser: IL65 - 280 C;
temperature gradient between the lower and upper part of the
condenser: 0 - 55 0C. The effect of the temperature on the
effectiveness of the method studied is demonstrated in Fig. 21
where the purity of the condensed metal (8 x 105 ) is plotted
against the distance (h, mm) from the lower end of' the condenser-,
the figures and the bottom and top of each of the three curvps
indicate, respectively, the temperature of the lower part of the
condenser and the temperature of the molten metal, Several
conclusions were reached. 1) 99.99994% pure cadmium
(6 = 4.2 x 105) can be obtained by vacuum distillation, 2) The
optimum temperature of the melt is 450 - 500 Oc. 3) Preheating
the condenser to 980 OC brings about an increase in the purity
Card 2A

S/126/62/oi4/oO4/013,/017
Purification of .... E193/E383
and yield of the condensate. 4) Up to 80% of the starting
material can be distilled without the purity of.the condensate
beingadversely affected. The purity of the condensate; sharply
decreases on increasing this quantity to 95%.
There are 3 figures and 2 tables.
SUBMITTED: November 28, 1961*
Table l.- (Sledy traces)
Pb Zn Cu N1 Fe Cd 9.101
MaTepHaa
Cd-1 0014 000310:00810.- jCAejtb1J99-975 50
Cd-11 0:011 0:004 0006. 002 GUAM 99,9776
Card 3/A

ALENSANDROV, B.N.
Obtaining pure bismuth. '.k'iz.met.i metalloved. 14 no.51733-736
N 162. (KIRA 15:12)
(Bismuth-Metallurgy) (Vacuum metalluriLv)

lj564o
S/126/63/015/001/028/029
E073/E151
;`11-T11(A4-S Ale)(Sall. "rv,,___B-N.~ and Vasillyeval N.N.
'Y 1'r I L DiAermination of the purity of alluminium from its
residual re--istniice
I i, i " I U 0 1 CA L: Fivika metallov i metallovodeniye, v.15, no.]L,. 1963,
15()-158
It 11aq j)e(,jj c;hown that the residual resistance 60 Of.
a inetal varies w1th the concentration of added elements according
to 11if- 4?,iliati-ons c = A 60 (where c = amount of the-additAon and
A ~- cotistant) for cuhic or tetragonal metals, and 62 for
c = A
hexa~,~ollaj metals. (The residual resistance bo is. the
rat io of the resistailce of the metal at 0 OK to the resistance at
293 To determine whether Al.obeyed the linear equ'ation,
meastirements were inade of polycrystalline aluminium of
varyiti~~ purity at 11.2 OK and 293 OK, .-.t being aliready known that
the re,;.istazice at 4.2 0E, was identical with that at O'OK. T he
resi.staijee measuremeiits at 4.2 0K, inade on carefully annealed strip
2 in,;i thick, were accurate to � 2~u'. (The heat-treatment and
expex-jr.-ieiital techniqxtes at 11.2 OK are. not' described, 'having been
Card 1/2

S/126/63/015/001/028/029-"
petormination of the purity of E073/E151
in an earlier paper). The Si content of the samp I'so was
det.oniiined chvinically, Fe and Cu were determined both chemica4ly
and !5 pvctrosco pica Ily, and Ti, Mg, M1n and Ni were determined
spectroscopically. A linear relationship between impurities and
residual resistance was found, c = 6.2 6., the value 6.2
differing by 50co-from earlier results. For pure.Al,
6o = 3.4 , 1o-5'. The ratios of the resistances at 14 and 20.4 *K.
to the resistance at 293 OK (i.e. 614 and b20.4) wasalso found to
follow a linear law with impurity c6neentration. It was found
possible to estimate the purity of Al from plotted curves of
6,4 or 620.4' provided that the relative proportions'of the,
individual impurity elements did not change greatly; since some.
inipurities had a much bigger effect than others, changes in-the*
proportions could alter the value of A. In spite of this,
impurities can be estimated to within one order of magnitude."
11castirements of bo on very pure Al should be made with thick
well-annealed single crystals to avoid excessively high values
being obtained. There are 1 figure and I table.
Card 2/2 SUBMITTED: March 15, 1962

39478
S/0 5 6/','2 10,;3100,2 /00 8/0" 3
Oq,~700 Blu-2/3-31,04
U -T.- ~ 0 R ~Aleksandrov, B. N.
T !'I LE Effect of the size of pure metal samples on their electric
resistance
P E R i 0 D 1 al, LZhurnal ek~vier~.,:iun'a' Inoy 4 '-eo:-Ct` 0',
illzil:j, V.
no. 2(8), 1962, 3~3'9-410
'2 Z- J`I' The dependence of the relative resistance on the sa-mole diam;at-02.,
(size effect) ,-ias measured for high-purity metals in the ran.:7c Of `~eliun;
- ;1 6 -1,30e:01*10's 01 L C C 03,71 S
The e;'fect of the samnle diame`er on et
dete:,.-mined by their -.lean free oath k nas also measuie~. 7-e
sinEle cry2t_-IS
-r,ere Trade on cylindrical Cd, Zri, A!, Sn , Pb , Tn, "nd B.;
2.5-7 mm thick and 120-230 mm, lonC. Thei-, orientation and -Purity -.,.,ao
deterii,ined accurately (the !atter -from the residiial res .-.urce)- `2:e
resiotance was -easured as lesc-4bed 2.'~.'M, 11, a low-
resii-o"ance compensator. The errors in mcz~,,ure~_-ent yarie6 -fro-m 11 -to 113, -;41
4.2-1.650K). The dependence 6 = f'1/d) i~as studied in all cc~ses
6 = R/R993 is the resistance and d the sarnple diameter. Q = Q

13 2 -3 -3
Effect of the size of -Jure...
- v - ty of ';i-! ra of th cll:ne- s C` c c-
for Lho --ezist, ~4 - L 4 - - -
5 J') for thz~ rance 0 < A/d < a) is the res--st of i -I f i n _4 t Y
iiire , and a i z the t ezi-.~, c-,:~ Z tu re enend ent t;ur f",. :~c f-I ect -1. on ;oe f-fi~ ~In t
U-he anisotro-n- in the ziizo effect, C
el-~ctr6ns. *s -co ' .1 -, Iz
i-vesl-i -ated c,-.n be clasoified as wea!~I-Y
".-n I i~ -rop ic . The results of measuzement are ~zive:, nd
num, cri c ally in great, detail. In the case of 'an InCre;'Isez
'he of
Lemoei:z~ture. Frjr. tbe relation C)
CD 7
conduction electrons per atom (n/n a) is estim~~t-ed at- -0.6-0-7. z, v
',.'I i t h a 'als, a--je Of
for In, Pb, Lin"' J11. -nisoti-cj4.- met
inclination (,~) of the -~traieht line (1/d) is z;:,.-eater -for
orit!ntation than for a parallel one. n/n - 1.26 for Sn; for-all ot,-Ors
a
it is less or much less than uni'Y. 'he
fo.
1.eSL.S;.nnce, is tempera~ure-depen-lent-. it 'i2 Lssume-J3, I - ".; n t'
1,2 + d , "I" the'reoist-noe is oo::,.pooea D' a te:
+ Q 0
a o n e n t -3 c 3: t, 1' o r massive metal 'electron-plonon scatterfnr~~, a
Card 2/3

Effect of the size of pu-,-e ... :31021 3
due to electron-imDurity an-~ electron-defect scattex4mr-, a )a::t "lue -I-
1, U C,
Jue -'6,o electron-1, 0 I-Ion
scattering of electzons, and a part
a e r in th r ou mm a 111 an P, 1 e s
)2/3 1 /3,~ -2/3 _,_c
(87(~)X)' "/3(T/O
Qph 'm I
re . For o f d = 0 :7.-. -- r dA t2 2
01,1'J 017L -6 5.5-10 c::
-5 -5 -
(JL,01') 2.8-10 :5.6,10- or; r, cm. e r eare
C.1ph k . - ohnq-cr,--, 0(20-40K)
6 fi,~:,Ures and 5 tables.
ST311"ITTED 9, 1962 initially),
July 27, 19062 ~aftex revision),
Card 3/3

S/056/62/043/003/019/063
B102/BIO4
AUTHORS: Aleksandrov, B. N., Dlyakov, I. G.
----------
TITLE: Variation of the eleotrical re'sistivity of pure metals with
decrease of temperature
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, v. 43,
no. 3(g),.1962, 852-859
TEXT: n order to verify a predict ion of the modern theory of metals,
namely he law Q(T),T5 at low and ~(T) -T 2 at ultralow temperatures, the
authors~ineasured the Q(T) dependence of very pure Sn, In, Al, Pb, Zn and
Cd sampi !es in the form of wires with 2-4 mm diameter.' For In these
samples 'were polycrystalline. For Al they were single crystals with the
wire axi7s parallel to the main axis or 11(1101. For Sn, Cd, Zn they were
single crystals with the wire axis either parallel or perpendicular to
the, main axis. In all ca.ses the resistivity of the wire material, Q4.2
was;higher than that of the massive material, the excede being least for Pb
(4 ~),and most for Zn.L (55 ~). The resistance of the samples was measured
Card 1/3,

S/0564 62/043/003/019,/063
Variation of the electrical... B102/ 104
with a TIRT~-j (PPTN --1) low-resistance compensator with a sensitivity of
,%jlO-B v. The measureme .nts were made between 1.65 and 140K. The
resistivity was calculated from the relative resistance b T . RT/R293f
R293 being the sample resistance at 2930K~ The accuracy of the
6-measurements at 4.20K was betweenol and 10 ~, for Pb