SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BERMAN, L. D. - BERMAN, L. D.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000205010013-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 8, 2000
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

'U!7.0/~rocesses and Equipment for Chemical Industries -
Processes and Apparatus for
I Chemical Technology, K-1
Ab6t Journals Referat Zhur - Xhimiyaj, No 19, 1956, 63910
Author: Berms . L. D.
institution: None
Title: Effect of a Flow of Matter on Convective Heat. Emission
During Evapo-
ration and Condensation
Original
Periodical: Teploenergetika, 1956, No 2, 25-30
Abstract; Effect of mass exchange (ME) an Intensity of convective
heat exchange
(HE) is evaluated in a conflicting manner by different authors
vhich
is due by the lack of a generally accepted procedure of
determining
the coefficient of heat emission ctin HE processes in the
presence of
a transversal flov (normal to the surface of partition of the 2
phases).
With certain simplifications there is provided a derivation of
the de-
pendence of cc charge in the presence of ME. On calculation of a
taking into account the heat transmitted solely by heat
conductivity
Card 1/2

A
UdSR/Processes and Equipment for Chemical Bdustries -
Processes and Apparatus for
I Chemical Technology, K-1
Abst Journal: Referat Zhur - Xhimiya, No 19, 1956, 63910
Abstract: (without including tbn beat transferred by the
matter), NE increases
a in the case of can&-msation, and decreases it in the case
of evapo-
ration, in comparison with the instance of a pure BE. The
effect of
ME Is noticeable With conniaerable densities-of the
transversal flow
of matter, and need not be taken into account in engineering
computa-
tions of processes of drying, evaporation cooling, air
conditioning,
non-isothermic absorption, heterogeneous chemical reactions,
etc.
Card 2/2

Subject USSR/Power Engineering AID P - 4380
Card 1/1 Pub. 110 a - 6/17
Author : Berman, L. D., Dr. Tech. Sci. All-Union Heat Engineering
-Institute
Title : The influence of air concentration in a steam-air mixture
upon evaporation rate.
Periodical : -Teploenergetika, 5o 30-34, MY 1956
Abstract Theoretical and experimental data are reported showing
a considerable Increase In the volume-loss ratio with a
decrease of.the air concentrate in the steam-air mixture,
and the relation between volume-loss ratio and the
criterion of partial steam pressure depending upon the
total pressure of the mixture. Six diagrams.
Institution : None
Submitted : No date

13ERMAN, L-D,
Subject : USSR/Engineering AID F - 4957
Card 1/1 Pub. 110-a - 6/21
Authors RUman, L, D., Dr. Tech. Sci., and S. N. Fuks, Kand.
-7e_dh-.--SZ' =.
Title Improving the water seal of steam condensers used with
superhigh pressure turbines.
Periodical : Teploenergetika, 8, 25-31, Ag 1956
Abstract : Methods are examined for improving the joints
between
condenser tubes and headers. The composition of alloys
used for condenser tubes Is given In Table 2. 2 tables,
10 diagrams.
Institution : All-Union Heat Engineering Institute
Submitted ; No date

USSR / Atomic and Molecular Physices Heat, D-4
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 4, 1957, No 9039
Author Berman L.D
Title :-;;Ei's --on-~he Article by L. Ye.
YjLlik----- -Turbulent
Boundary Layer of Incompressible Liquid on a Porous
Wall."
Orig Pub : Zh- takhn. fiziki, 1956) 26) No 11, 26o4
- 26o6
Abstract ; Concerns Referat Zhur ~--Fizika, 1956,
16515.
Card ; 1/1

- PqW,_ L.DO
WAND*
Calculated back pressure for large stem turbines.
Blek-sta. 27
no.8:59-60 Ag 156. (XLRA 9:10)
(Steam turbines)
j

e,7he Tel M-1
ShOrt CUt t0 lhe tlily=Ult CXP.'I. dttn. Of thE nE-CC&&IU C~-ffS.
Qf film rts"llant"s is not justiiltd thc~mtkaily and lt~-dt to
erru-- - Ki is mly anothtr lum. of Nu."tlt's criterL, and
C-1PIC551r.1 it as a lumfion of Reyno!d's and Pratuld's Ilos.
i d,)tj not re-noye the iau that it Is only att empitk-al rebtiun
('.,it 6a~Cd On VIP thMry 0 t1ilffilitilde.

IORBUSH, K.I., redaktor; IARIONOV, G.Te., takhnichs-
n"RA ks I t -Ch- I I
8k
[11vaporative cooling of circulating water]
Imperitellnoe okhlashda-
ate tairkalletsionnot Yody. Isd. 2-ae, parer. Moskva,
Gas. everg.
izd-vo. 1957. 318 P. (KW 10: 6)
(11"Poratiag appliances) (Cooling towers)

I
d9ktor tokhaiepookikh sank; STOLYAROV, B.M., iMhener.
JxperlmontA AA$A'OR the effect Of a flow Of Sub"Acs OR
th& beat
and mass exchange during condensation. Topleenergetiks.
4 neas4q-52
J& 157- MaA 10: 3)
(comdones,ties) (Steam flow)

AUTHOR: Berman, L*D., Doctor of Technical Sciences (All-Union
Thermo-
MeMn=a ~stitute).
TITIB: Experimental investigations of the condensation of steam in
the presence of non-condensing gases. (Eksperimentalln;ye issle-
dovaniya kondensatsii para v prisustvii nekondensirayushchikhsya
gazov.)
PERIODICAL: "Teploenersetika" (Therral Power), 1957, Vol. 4, No. 6,
pp. 43 - 50 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT: This article reviews the work of a number of authors
(mostly
Russian) lerformed during the last ten years on the subject of
condensation of steam in the presence of non-condensing gas.
The main processes of the film-wise condensation of steam from
a steam-gas mixture are governed by three coefficients: the
heat; transfer coefficient from the steam/gas mixture to the
surface of the condensate film; the coefficient of mass trans-
fer from the mixture to the film-, and the coefficimt of heat
transfer from the external surface of the condensate film to
the wall. The first two coefficients are governed by "extern 1"
conditions of heat and mass exr1ange and the third by the
conditions of heat transf er within the film of c6ndensate.
Oneof the heat transfer coefficients comonly used in
calculations an exDerimental data is the "external" heat trans-
fer coefficlat which covers both convective heat exchange
between the steam/gas mixture of the condensate film and the
heat released during the condensation of steam. Another coe-
fficient which is commonly used is the coefficient of heat

646
Experimental investigations of the condensation-of steam in
the presence of non-condensing gases. (Cont.)
transfer from the mixture to the wall. These coefficients are
conventional in that they do not separate the various physical
processes of heat and material transfer and therefore e--q=*-
mental ielationships for these coefficients cannot be repres-
ented in a generalised form. Being only empirical relationships
their range of application is restricted.
Because of the occurrence of steam condensation and pressure
drop in the mixture, conditions in the system change appreciably
as.tbe process progresses, which affects calculations based on
experimental results and the design of heat exchange equip-
ment (2, 3).-
In a previous review article Berman (1) noted the inadequacy
of data on steam condensation from moving mixtures. This
question was later studied in detail by Berman and Fuks at the
All-Union Thermo-te,~bnical Institute. Experiments were ca.-rxied
out on the condensation of steam containing admixtures of air
in a single horizontal tube arxl in an 11-row bundle of hori-
zontal tubes. Some of the results are presented in the form
of'graphs in Figs. 2 and 3, which give the heat transfer coeff-
icient as a function of the air content for a variety of
experimental conditions and the relative change in the heat
transfer coefficient with transverse flow of cooling medium
Card 2/7

646
Experimental investigations of the condensation of steam in
the presence of non-condensing gases. (Cont.)
over a single horizontal tube. It was showa that the
influence
of the rate of flow rises appreciably with increase in the
air
content of themixture. The reasons for this axe explained,
An empirical formula was used to represent the results of the
experiments for the range of mixture weight, speeds from 0.1
to 3 kg/m see. Some of the factors in the formula are derived
from a graph, which is given. Nalues of the mass transfer
coefficients were derived from the same experimental results
and are expressed in a formula (see also (5) ). This shows
that velocity of flow has more influence on the coefficient
of
mass transfer than on the external or film heat transfer
coefficients.
]Racbko (?) was making similar tests at the same time, but
this author arrived at a number of improbable conclusions
which
are. both self-contradictory and in disaccordamce with the
results of all other investigators. Rachko's results are
described and some of the reasons why he is wrong are stated.
With reference to work of the Central Boiler Turbine
Institute
and of the All-Union Thermo-techaical Institute (9),
Fastovskiy
and Rovinskiy (10) determined the heat transfer coLfficient
on
a flow of steam/air mixture in a vertical pipe. The increase
in this coefficient with increase in the initial velocity of
the mixture, illustrated in Fig. 5 is, in this case, a result
not only of the actual speed of the mixture but also of the
reduction of the degree of condensation of the steam with

-646
Experimental investigations of the condensation of steam in
the piesence of non-condensing gases. (Cont.)
increase in the f low to the cmdenser.
Kirschbaum and Wetteh(ll) 1"" made similar tests on the flow
of a steam-air mixture in a vertical annular channel, measuring
the tamperatures at nine different heights and determined the
mean integral temperature difference. The temperature distri-
bution is shown in Fig. 6. Their results differ sorewhat from
those of Fastovskiy and Rovinskiy and a graph is given (Fig.?)
of the mean heat transfer coefficient for condensation on the
outside surface of a vextical tube. The main reason for the
diffeience is that in the work of Fastovskiy and Rovinskiy the
degree of condensation of steam was from 72.5 - 99.20/'o' but was
much less in Kirschbaum and Weten's experiments. Therefcre,
their formulae do not adequately reflect the influence of the
degree of condensation and so they are not very widely appli-
cable.
The resulte obtained by Mazyukevich (12) who studied the
condensation of ammonia vapour in the presence of various gases
cannot be used at all because of serious procedural errors in
the work. With his experimental conditions he obtained a verj-
complex spatial field of mixture velocity, temperature and gas
concentration and measured the wall temperature at only one
point and the mixture temperature at only two points.
Renker (13) determined local values of heat transfer
IL /7

646
Experimental investigations of the condensation of steam
in
the presence of non-condensing gases. (Cont.)
coefficient during the condensation of steam in a
vertical
tube using four different mixtures (steam-air,
steam-hydrogen,
and vapours: of iso-butyl alcohol with hydrogen and
oxygen).
The tube was sub-divided into ten sections and the heat
trans-
fer coefficients calculated for each. Despite some
simplifying
assamptions made by the author his results are of
definite
interest and confirm the influence of the mixture speed
found
by Berman and moreover he observed the influence on
changes in
the heat transfer coefficient of the properties of the
inert
gas, determined in particular by the value of the
diffusion
coefficient. The admixture of hydrogen causes a
relatively
smaller drop in heat transfer with concentration than
does air.
Renker present his results as formulae and adduces
theoretical
considerations to justify the form of expression used.
However
his main formula can really only be considered as
empirical,
itsmain defect consists in the inclusion of the
tempe:r-ature
difference between the mixture and the cooling water
which is
influenced by the intensity of heat transfer on the
weter side.
Data on the condensation of steam from a stationary
mixture
in a vertical tube were obtained by Tolubinskiy and
Yampolskiy
(14) the mass transfer coefficient on condensing steam
from a
moving mixture on vertical tubes was determined by
Vishnevskiy
(15), by GeiSer (16) whose work has already been reviewed
(17) and by 13aum and,Brdlik (18).
Vishnevskiy determined the gas concentration from the
total

646
B'xperimental investigations of the condensation of steam in
the presence or non-condensing gases. (Cont.)
pressure of the mixture and its temperature and proposeda
formula for the mass transfer coefficient.
Baum and Brdlik also investigated mass transfer on condensing
steam from a steam-air mixture.
A number of investigations (20, 21, 22) have been made on
the condensation of water vapour from wet air at atmospberic
pressure and some results of Kirschbaum and Lipphardt are
plotted in Fig. 9 which gives the mean heat transfer coeffic-
ient on condensing water vapour from wet air inside a tube.
These authors give empirical formulae and nomograms which are-
too complicated to be useful.
Farber investigated condensation on a vertical plane surface
and obtained expressions for the "external" heat and mass
transfer coefficients. One of his formulae practically coin-
cides with a formu3aproposed by h1ikheyev (23) for the case of
pure heat transfers- This and other considerations confi3M
the validity of the approximate analogy between the heat and
mass exchanges for the particular experimental conditions used.
Maksimovskaya (24) carried out experiments for the conditims
of condensation from a high vacuum when the steam pressure and
temperature are below the triple point for water and the
condensing steam is converted into ice. However, objections
Card

646
Experimental investigations of the -condensation of steam in
the presence of non-condensing gazes. (Cont.)
can be raised to the conclusions dravm from his work. For
instance, the thickness of ice varied over the length of the
tube and with time. The experimental results are presented
in the form of a mathematical expression. Maksimovskaya
concludes that the heat transfer coefficient does not depend
on the. content of partial piessuxe of the components of the
vapour-air mixture but is a single valued function of the tdtal
pressure. However, the main formula does not allow for trans-
fer of heat through a layer of ice or convective heat exchange
between the mixture and the ice surface, and therefore the
coefficient in question is not the true heat transfer coeffic-
ient but only some empirical factor upon which strict physical
relationships cannot be based. Other conclusions drawn by
Maksimovskaya are criticised. -
9 figures, 25 literature references (20 Rassian).
NAILAXLE:
7/T

AF '14, 11 /V/ /-,
.- /f' /.r
BUTMOVIONI, D.. Imnaidat tekhnie.~ieakikh naul-; REHM", L.D.,
doktor tekhait-heakikh
awak. I--------
Or, A.V.I.Ykovla book "Heat and mass exchange in the process of
dryin.---."
Teploenergetika 4 no.8~91-92 Ar, 151. (MLRA 10:9)
1. Institut 3nergetiki Akademit nauk Ilumynskoy Narodnoy
Resolubliki.
(Dryli,C)

KUTATELADZE. Samson Semenovich: BORISHOSKIT, Venianin
Mironovich;
MDCHMI, S.I., RED.: ARMID, A.A., retsentent; BKWWi, L.D. __
reteenzent; DORDSUGHUK, V,Te., retsenzent:
reteenzent; FIROGOV, H.S., reteenzent; RTVKIN, S.h.,
rateen2ent:
SOMLOV, Te.Ta., reteentent; ZABRODIM, A.A., telchn.red.;
LARIONOV, Me., takhn.red.
(Handbook on heat transmission] Spravochnik po teploperadache.
Leningrad. Goa. energ. izd-vo. 1958. 414 p. kMA 12:1)
(Heat--Transmission)

5, of;-3-23/26
AUTIJORt Zo2ulya, N.V. (Cand.Tach.Sci) &3aUtokly S.A.
(Engineer)
TITLE: Session on heat exchange during change of aggregate
state of matter.
(Sessiya po teploobmenu pri izmenenii agregatnogo sostoyaniya
veshchestva.)
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetika, 1958, No.3. pp. 91-93(USSR)
ABSTRACTt The Commission on High Steam Conditions of the Power
Institute of
the Aead.Soi. of thw U.S,S.Ro and the Institute of Thermal
Dagineering of the Acad.Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR, hold a
scientific
and technical session in Kiev on September23-28, 1957 on
questions
of heat exchange during change of aggregate atate of matter.
The
session was attended by scientific workers of academic and
research
institutes and colleges, and workers in design institutes and
industry. Forty reports were read in the plenary and sectional
sessions. The main tasks of the session were to consider the
research work that had been carried out, to co-ordinate
research work
and to determine the most promising lines for investigation
into
heat exchange during change of aggregate state of matter. In
his
report 'Some problems of the theory of heat exchange during
large
volume boiling in tubes' corresponding member of the Acad.Sci.
Ukrainian SS11, V.I. Tolubinakiy, critically examined the beat
known
criterial equations for boiling liquid. Dr.Tech.Sci. S.S.
Kubateladze,
of the Central Boiler Turbine Institute made a report about
'Some
Card 1/7 problems of the theory of crises in the mechanism of
boiling' which

Session on heat exchange during change of aggregate state of
matter. 06-1-23/2.6
systematised the results of investigations on critical
densities of
heat flow during boiling in large volume tubes.
Dr.Phys.Math.Sci.
A.A. Gukhman of the Moscow Division of the Central Boiler
Turbine
Institute made a report 'On the mechanism of influence of
mass-exchange
on heat-exchange during boiling', which analysed the
influence of the
developing gas phase on heat exchange during evaporation.
Dr.Tech.Sci.
L.D. Berman of the All-Union Themo-Technical Institute
delivered a
repor on the interrelationship between thermal and mass
exchange
during evaporation of a liquid and condensation of the steam
in the
presence of permanent gases. Corresponding Member of the
Acad.Sci.
of the U.S.S.R., G.N. Kruzhilin, discussed Tolubinskiyls
report.
Dr.Tech.Sci., V.G. Fastovskiy of the All-Union
Electro-Technical
Institute, gave information about experimental data obtained
during
boiling of a number of organic liquids and mixtures of them
with
water. Dr.Tech.Sci-, B.S. Petukhov, Moscow Power Institutet
pointed
out the need for profound study of the mechanism of boiling
of liquids.
Cand.Tech.Sci., D.A, Labuntsov, Moscow Power Institute,
expressed a
similar opinion. The session on beat exchange during boiling
in the
region 6f moderate thermal loading heard 7 reports.
Dr.Tech.Sci.,
V.D. Popov, (KTIPP) made a report on 'Heat transfer during
boiling
of crystallising solutions', Cand.Tocli.Sci., V.G. Garyazha
(KTIPP)
Card 2/7 presented the results of an experimental
iuvestigation of heat

Session on heat exchange during change of aggregate state
of matter. 90-3-23/20
Card 3/7
transfer during the boiling of massecuite. Dr.Tech.Sci.,
I.I.
Chernobyllskiy (Institute of Thermal Engineering of the
Acad.Sci.
Ukrainian SSR, Engineer S.A. Balitekiy (sameInatitute) and
Engineer F.P. Minchenko of the Central Boiler Turbine
Institute
reported the resultg of an experimental investigation of
heat
transfer during boiling of aqueous solutions of lithium
bromide
and chloride under vacuum. Cand.Tech.Sci. I.E. Veneraki, of
the
Kiev Polythechnical Institute, reported the results of
investigat-
ions on heat transfer of a horizontal bundle of tubes to
boiling
water and sugar solution under conditions of free
convection and
vacuum. Cand.Tech.Sci. R.Ya. Ladiyev of the Kiev
Polythechnical
Institute reported on 'The use of approximate thermo-dynamic
similarity to establish heat transfer relationships during
boiling.
Dr.Tech.Sci. I.I. Chernobyllskiy of the Thernuil Engineering
Institute of the Aoad.Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR and
Cand.Tech.Sci.
G.V. Patiani of thePower Institute of the Acad.5ci.
Georgian SM
reported the results of investigations on the heat transfer
co-efficient when boiling Freon 12 in large volume on
horizontal
tubes. Contributions to the discussion were made by
Cand.Tech.Sci.
V.Ya. Gol'tsov (M.I.Kh.M), V.D. Popov of KTIPP,
Cand.Tech.Sci.
V.M. Borishanskiy of the Central Boiler Turbine Institute,
Cand.Tech.Sci. N.Yu. Tobilevich (TaINS). The session on heat

Session on heat exchar-ge during change of aggregate state
of matter. 06-3-23/20
exchange'.during boiling in the region of high thermal
loadings
heard 13~reports. Engineer V.G. Chakrygin, and
Cand.Tech-Sci. V.A.
Lokshin!)f the All-Union Thermo-Technical Institute,
reported on the
results~of experimental investigation of the influence of
non-
uniformity of heat exchange round the perimeter of a
horizontal steam
raising~tube. Cand.Tech.Sci. V.M. Borishanskiy (Central
Boiler
Turbine Institute) reported the result-of experiments on heat
Ie
transfer to boiling water at super-high and near critical
pressures.
Cand.Tech-Sci. E.I. Arefleva and Cand.Tech-Sci. I.T. Aladlev
of the
Power Institute of t1ii` Acad.Sci. of the U.S.S.R. reported
on the
influence of wetting on heat exchange during boiling.
Cand.Tech-Sci.
Z.L. Miropollskiy and Cand.Toch Sci. H.E. ShitsmAn of the
Power
Institute of the Acad.Sci. of the U.S.S.R., grave the
results of
experiments on heat transfer and permissible specific
thermal loading
in the steam raising tubes of boilers. Cand.Tech-Sci. N.V.
Tarasova
of the All-rUnion Thermal Technical Institute, gave the
resulTs-of
investigation on critical thermal loadings and heat transfer
from
the walls of tubes to water, and steam-wator mixture.
Cand.Toch.Sci.
I*T. Aladlev, Engineer, L.D. Dodonov and V.S. Udalov of the
Power
institute of the Acad.Sci. of Cho U.S.S.R. gavj"a report on
111eat
Transfer and Critical Thermal Fluxes during boiling of under
heated
Card 417 water in Tubes'. Cand.Toch.Sci. E.K. Averin of the
Power Institute

Sessionxeat exchange during change of aggregate state of
matter. 96-3-23/20
of the Acad.Sci. of the U.S.S.R., reported on Heat exchange
during
boiling under conditions of forced circulation of water'.
Engineer
G.G. Treshchev of the All-Uhion Thermo-Technical Institute,
reported
on 'Experimental investigation of the mechanism yf the heat
exchange
during surface boilingt. Dr.Tech.Sci. S.S. Ku 'tAteladze and
Cand.Tach.
Sci. V.N. Hoskvicheva of the Central Boiler Turbine
Institute,
considered tl;;-relationahip between the hydro-dynamics of a
two-phase
layer with the theory of crises in the mechanism of boiling.
Cand.
Tech.Soi. L.S. Sterman, Enaineers V.V. Morozov and S.A.
Kovalev of
the Moscow Division of the Central Boiler-'Turbine
Inatitufe-, reported
on 'A study of heat exchange during boiling of liquids in
tubes at
various pressures up to 85 atmet. Cand.Tech-Sci. E.A.
Kazakova (GIAP)
reported on questions of heat exchange during the
oritical-point under
conditions of natural convection. The following took part in
the
discussion:- Dr.Phys.Math.Sci. A.A. Gukhman, Dr.Tech.Sci.
B.S.
Petukhov, Corresponding Hember of the Acad.Tech.Sci.
Ukrainian SER,
V.I. Tolubiuskiyj Gand.Toch.Sci. A,P. Ornatakiyj Dr.Tea-Soi.
V.G.
FastqVikiy and Cand-Teeh.Soi. M.I. Korueyev. The section on
heat
exchange during condensation and evaporation heard 7 reports.
Dr.Tech.Sci. LwD. Be~man of the All-Union Therrao-Technical
Institute
reported on 'MeNT-a-RITass exchange during condensation
of steam from a moving,.steam-air mixture on horizontal
tubes'.
Card 5/7 Cand.Tech.Sci. N.V. Zoiuli of the Institute of
Thermal Engineering

Session on heat exchange during change of aggregate state of
matter. 90-3-23/20
of the Acad.Sci. Ukrainian SSR considered the study of the
process
of heat exchange and the hydro-dynamics of flow of a film of
.Wev, of the Institute of Thermal
condensate. Cand.Tech.Sci. O.A. Kr
Engineering of the Acad.Sci. Ukrainian SSR gave the results
of an
experimental investigation of heat and mass exchange in
models of air,
and water coolers used in deep mines. Cand.Tech.Sci. K.I.
lte~ikovich
reported on a theoretical solution of the problem of
calculating the
parameters of a cooled steam gas mixture. Engineer A.L.
Satanovskiy
reported on 'Heat exchange during air-water evaporative
cooling of
equipment'. Engineer L.I. Gellman of the Central Boiler
Turbine
Institute reported about inv~xitigations on heat transfer
during
condensation of mercury vapour on a steel wall. Dotsent V.F.
Yan-qhenho of the Ural Polytechnical Institute,
Cand.Tech.Sci. O.A.
Kremnev, Dr.Tech.Sci. L.D. Bermap and V.A. Smirnov of the
Power
Institute Acad.Sci. Ukrainian SSR contributed to the
discussion.
The session noted the need for further development of
investigations
of combined processes of heat and mass exchange; further
development
of study of heat exchange during change of aggregate
conditions of
promising new working substances; a profound study of the
relationships and mechanism of the process of heat exchange
and the
production of data for practical calculations, and
recommendations
Card 6/7 for the design of now power plant. The session
directed the

Session on heat exchange during change of aggregate state of
matter. 96-3-231-1226
attention of the Acad.Soi. U.S.S.R. and Gosplan U.S.S.R. to
the need
for rapid study of the physical properties of now working
substances. It was decided to call a session devoted to
convective
heat exchange in uniform media in Leningrad, in 1959.
AVAIIMLE: Library of Congress.
Card 7/7

AUTHOR: Dr.Tech.Sc. 06-4-17/24
TITLE: Experimental relationships for the heat-transfer
coefficient of steam-turbine condensers. (Opytnyye
zavisimosti dlya koeffitsiyentateploperedachi
kondensatorov parovykh turbin)
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetika, 1958, No.4, pp.82-86 (USSR).
ABSTRACT; This is an extensive general review of Buropoan and
American procedures for determining the heat-transfer
coefficients of condensers. The methods quoted are
critically compared vrith Soviet practice. Although
condensers are becominG more efficient, the size of
turbo-alternator sets is SrowinG and condenser sizes
are groving to match. Accurate design is, therefore,
of great importance. Recent work of the Heat Ebrchange
Institute in the U,S.A. and of Brovin Bovezi Co. in
Switzerland is described in some detail. It is pointed
out that recent chan6es in the Institute's graphs do not
correct the fundamental errors of earlier editions.
The fallacy is that the-influence of each factor on
which the heat-transfer coefficient depends (such as the
sDeed of the water its temperature and purity and so on)
I t,
Card 1/2is considered separately, whereas in fact they are

06-4-17/24
_Experimental relationships for the heat-tranBfer coefficient of
steam-turbine condensers.
interdapendent. This criticism is confir~mcd by recent
work- of Brown Boveri and the Gerfaan VDEW. Reference is
then made to investiGations of film-wise condensation by
Escher-Wyss, Conclusions drawn by Short and BroTn from
their v-,,ork are considered to be xmjustified. In the
author's opinion, foreign pror,;ress towards more accurate
e.%-perimental relationships for the heat-transfer
coefficients of steam-turbine condensers is only just
beginning. In particular, the curves of the Heat
Exchanr;e Institute, widely u5ed in the U.S.A. and- Western
Europe are not sufficiently accurate.
There are 2 tables, 3 figures and 20 references -
5 Russian, 8 English and 7 German.
AVAIT.&BLE: Library of Congress,
Card 2/2

BERMAN, L.D.. doktor tokhn.nauk.
Assuring high water density in ntex*-turbine condensers
for unit-plan
electric power stations of superhigh steam parameters,
Toploonargetika
5 no.10:90-95 0 '58. (MM 11:10)
(Condensers (Steam))

BERMAN L.D. doktor tekhn, nauk; ZINGER, N.M., kand.
tekhn. nauk
"'t, ~- -
various types of air p*axps for turbine condensers [wi
tb
summary In English]. Toploonergatika 5 no.11:47-55 N
!58,
(Milk 11:11)
1. VessoyusMy teplotekhnichaskly institut.
(Condensers ("ea'n)) (Pumping machinery)

9 X., .- -
BSRMN L.D - 1, 0~6~_-
Regulation of the cooling vater flow In turbine
condenamrs and
oil conlers. Bner tik 6 zoao:36 0 158. (MBA 11:10)
f3team turbines--Cooling)

MMM, L. :D. QMr-
"Ensuring a-High Tightness of Condenser Steam Turbines
in Block-assembled
Power Stations Operating with Steam of Hyper-critical
Parameters.*
The 'Cobdzsion for High-parameter Steam of the
Rnergeticheskiy institut
(Power Institute) imeni Go M. Krzhizbanovskogo AN SSSR
hold a conference on
Mw 16s 1958 devoted to new types of equipment for
block-assembled power
stationss operating-at super-critieal steam parameters.
This paper was read
at this conference,
I?,v* Akad Nauk SSSR,9 Otdol Takh nauks 1958t No- 7s P,
3,52

SOV/96-58-8-14/22
AUTHORS: Berman L.D. (Doctor of Technical Science) and
_KkT,~-._'.~_andidate of Technical Science)
TITLE: Mass Exchange in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when
the Steam contains Air (Massoobmen v kondensatorakh 5
gorizontallnymi triabami pri soder.zhanii v pare vo-"dulcha)
PERIODICAL: Teploen6rgetika7 1958, Nr 8, pp 66-74 (USSR)
ABSTRACT; Values of the heat-transfer coefficient related to
the
mean logarithmic temperature difference of steam and water
are used in calculations on steavi condensers and similar
equipment but are not well defined because the steam
contains gas, mainly air. The influence of mass exnhange
on the intensity of steam condensation is very complicated
and the heat-transfer coefficient depends on the design of
the condenser and of the air pump or ejector. Even the
best of the emDirical formulae do not, allow accurately for
all the factors.that influence the heat-transfer coefficiento
Experimental data for the mean coefficient, though usefu17
are not always adequate, pal-ticularly when comparing
Card 1/6 different designs and equipment. It is, therefore,
important to accumulate the necessary experimental data

SOV/96-58-.8-11+/22
Ylass,Exchange in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when the Steam
contains Air
for the determination of local values of heat- and mass-
transfer coefficient. The All-Union Thermo-Technical
Institute accordingly carried out three series of tests
in 1950-1952, and a fourth series in 1956-1957, on the
condensation of steam in the presence of air. The tests
are applicable to apparatus with horizontal tubes.
Earlier work gave local values of heat-transfer coefficient
from the steam side, but it was very difficult to
investigate mass exchange because the parameters" of the
condensate film and of the steam-air mixture at the phase
boundary,(Fig 1) could not be measured di3!eCtly.
According to the kinetic theory, there should be
temperature and pressure Jumps at the pbase boundary, but
they are not revealed even at very low pressureS. This
can be understood on the basis of re-ent 4knerican work,
and it is ncw evident that these jumps may be neglected
at the pressures now under discussion. The authors~have
Card 2/6 already aho= that equations can be formulated for heat-
transfer during the condensation of moving pure steam;

SOV/9(;_,~ -8-14/22
,8
Mass Exchange in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when the Steam
contains Air
during the tests in which the expressions were derived
work was also done on a steam-air mixture. A, further
problem was that the exparimental conditions were such
that it was not possible to use the usual dimensionless
relationships for the coefficient of mass-transfer based
on the approximate analogy between heat- and mass-transfer.
Later works published in Teploonergetika Nr 57 1954 and
Nr 8, 1955, gave an expression for the mass.-transfer-
coefficient during the condensation of steam, from a-moving
steam-gas mixture. When these expressions had been
derived it became possible to work out test results to
obtain generalised relationships for mass-transfer
coefficients. The experimental equipment; for the first
three series of tests used a closed steam-condensing
circuit (see Fig 2a). The experimental condenser was of
rectangular section with internal dimensAons of 309 x 522
Firstly two brass tubes were installed.. a main and a
Card 3/6 control tube (Fig 3a). Then to obtain higher velocities
the width of the working part of the condenser was reduced

SOV/96-58-8-1)+/22
Mass Exchange in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when the
Steam
contains Air
to 80 mm and only one tube was used (Fig 3b). Next a tube
bundle in an 11-row honeycomb arrangement was fitted in the
condenser (see FiQO 3). In all cases the outside diamete,.
of the tubes was 19 mm and the active len-th 522 mm. The
fourth series of tests was run to obtain data at hiph air-
concentrations and lower speeds; for this the equipment
could be somewhat simplified (see Fig 2b). The tube
bundle arrangement for this test is shown in Fig 3. The
measuring techniques used in the tests are described2 and
the mathematical treatMGn-Q' applied. to the results is
explained. During the tests the pressure of the steam-
air mixture ranged from 0.047 - 0.91 &tms. The ranges of
variation of the other main parameters are set out in
Table 1. By way of exampleg Table 2 gives tha results
for the fourth series of experiments with the Reynolds
number greater than 35-0. Although the data were varied
over a wide range, the mass exchange data for the region of
Reynolds number reater than 350 could bs expressed.by the
Card V6 single equation 5). The test results for values of
Reynoolds number,greater than 350 are given in Figs 5 - 9.

SOV/96-58-8-14/22
Mass Exchange in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when the
Steam
contains Air
In Figs 51 6 and 9 most of the experimental points lie
within � 15% of the mean line. In determining mass-transfer
coefficients there are, in addi-tion to the ordinary errorS
of measurement, others associated with the indirect method
of determining the parameters on the phase boundary. With
this in mind, the results obtained may be considered
satisfactory. The curves are discussedat some length.
Those for the fourth series of tests~ for Reynolds numbers
ranging from 40 - 350, are seen in Fig 10. The equation
corresponding to the mean line is given, but it must be
regarded as tentative and subject to future correction. It
should be used only for a first approximation, ia coniun-
ation with equation (.5). A combined graph of tho re$~UltS
of the four series of exporiments is givGn in Fig 11. it
u
is concluded that the tests con-firmed that the mass-transfer
coefficient during condensation depends on the air cop-tent
of th~ mixture and on another criterion as well as on '-he
Reynolds and Prandtl numbers With decreasing gas contenj-
Card 5/6 the coefficient rises rapidly and tends to infinity
as the""

SOV/96-58-8-lV22
Mass Exchange in Condensers with Horizontal Tubes when the Steam
contains air
conditions of condensation of pure steam are approached.
Compared to the purely empirical formulae, the equations.
now given for the mass-transfer-coefficient make possible
more reliable determinations of the general coefficient
of heat-transfer from a steam-air mixture to the tube
walls under various conditions,.
There are 11 figures, 2 tables, 14 literature references
(11 Soviet, 2 English, 1 German)
ASSOCIATION: Vaesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut (All-Union
Thermo-Technical Institute)
1. Steam amdenaora-Design 2. Steam condensors--Mathematical
analysis 3. Steam condensors--Heat transfer
Card 6/6

MtMANp L. D. (])r. Tech. 801.)
""Is hvvIsion of glgb4kmlty C=Awwm for Steem ftftl=w In
Mit-type
Ppmr Stations vIth Super-eiritloal Conditime."
report preventel at a Conf. on low Types of Xquipment or
Unit-type Power Stations
smploylW Super-critical Stem onlitions, Pover Inst, Ace&.
Sol. WSR, Nbecow,
A-16 mv 19581P
(brief account of report appeare in %plooneriptilm, 1958,,
No. 9) 92-95)
All-Uhlon ThauDGUabulcal Imt.0

A UTHOR: Berman, L.D. SOV-91-58-10-30/35
TITLE: The Regulation of the Oonsumption of Cooling Water
in the
Condenser and Oil-Cooler of Turbines (Regulirovaniye
raskho
okhlazhdayushchey vody v kondensatore i maslookb
da
laditele turbin)
PERIODICAL: Energetik, 19509 Pr 100 P 36 (usn)
ABSTRAM Two readers (Tyulyugen and Bezhigitov of the City
of Inta,
~Komi ASSR) asked whether it is worth while regulating the
consumption of the cooling water in the condenser and the
oil-cooler of a turbine by means of sliding valves, and if
so, whether the valves.on the supply or the fault lines
should be used. The author answers both questions.
I. Turbines--Operation 2. Water--Applications
Card 1/1

AVMR: Berman,_ L.D. (Dr. Tech.Sci.) BOV/96-58-10-24,/25
TITLEs Ensuring water-tightness of steas-turbine condensers
for unit-type
power stations employing super-critioal steam conditions.
(Obespecheniye vysokoy vodyanoy plotnosti kondeneatorov
parovykh
turbin dlya blochnykh elektrostantaiy na overkhkriticheskiye
parametry par&)
PERIODICAM Toploonergetika, 19580 No.10. pp. 90-95 (UWM)
ABSMACTs This article is a shortened version of a-report
presented to a
meeting of the High-pressure Steam Commission of the Power
Institute
of ,,the AB:4' dhb*ss66-tW- need ta
prevent cooling-water leakages into condensate for
direct-flow
boilers. Salts may enter the feed either with the make-up
water or
from cooling-water leakages, and must somehow be lost at the
same
rate. An expression is derived for the maximum permissible
leakage
of cooliug-water into the system under various conditions;
corresponding curves are seen in Fig.l. The permissible
leakages
are extremely small and it is$ therefore, most important to
make
condensers water-tight. This problem arose earlier in the
USSR
than abroad, because they have used direct-flow boilers
longer. It
recent years, a good deal of work has been done in the
All-Union
Thermo-Technical Institute to prevent leakage at the tube
plates.
Cooling-water.leakages through rolled joints between
condenser tubes
Card l/ 4 and plates have been measured in poweir stations
and corresponding

Ensuring water-tightness i f steam-turbine condensers for
unit- SOV/96-58-10-24/25
-type power stations empleting super-critical ste=
conditions.
improvements :.ave been made in the methods of rolling the
joints.
However, beca:se there are inevitably variations in the
diameters of
tubes and halts, individual joints never remain perfect
under
variable operiting conditions. Matters can be improved by
increasing
the thickness of the tube plates. Another method that has
been
developed is ;Ae use of water-proof protective coatingsfor
the joints
and tube platll3s as sketched in Fig.2. The properties
required of
such coveringil are described. Tests were made in the
water chamber
of an industr:'al condenser of the type shown in Fig.3a.
There were
two experimenitl condensers, each with fourteen tubes that
can operate
in parallel w-."th the main condensers. The tubes of the
experimental
condensers weie artificially vibrated and special
arrangements made to
measure leake4a through the joints (See Fig.4.). This
equipment
revealed defects in several types of protective costing.
The
material ultimately selected for the first long full-scale
test was a
zinc-bitumen coating consisting of a layer of zinc 1 - 1.5
mm thick,
two layers of phenol-formaldehyde varnish V-329, and two
or -three
layers of water-resistant bitumen mastic No. 580. The
method 6f
application of this coating is described. Other materials
are biing
tested in collaboration with the Research Institute for
Syhthetic
Card 2/4 Rubber, the main object being to develop a
suitable elastic coating.

SIOV/96-58-10-24/25
1houring water-tightness of steam.-turbine condensers for
unit-typ4 power stations
employing super-critical steam conditions.
A further method of tackling the leakage problem in to form a
second barrier inside -the main tube plate, creating a 'Balty'
section of the condenser from which water may be drawn. This
idea is
illustrated diagrammatically in Fig.5., and was first tested
on a
model with various kinds of artificial leakages; the test
results
are plotted in Fig.G. It was shown that cooling-water could
get into
the condensate only if the leakage rate was
extraordinerily'high.
Various constructional problem that &rise with such devices are
discussed. The use of double tube-plates has been considered
abroad
for the same purposel diagram of the construction are seen in
Fig.7.
Condensers of this kind have also been installed in Soviet
power
stations. In one station, sea-water is used for cooling and the
replacement of corroded tubes becomes complicated when the
double
tube-plate is used. It is also very difficult to detect leaks
on the
inner plate. Fully-welded condensers with double plates have
recently been put into service. They were completely assembled
at the
works and tested at the power station, where a number of
hitherto
undetected leaks were found. The leaks on the inner tube #bates
could not be corrected. A brief description is given of
American
developments in -the use of welded joints in condensers. A
further
problem is to prevent leakages through the condenser tubes.
The first
essential is to use corrosion-resistant material and to
inspect the
Card 3/4 tubes carefully. A number of practical examples are
quoted in vhich

Ensuring water-tightuess of steam-turbine condensers for
SOV/96-58-10-24/25
unit-type power stations employing super-critical steam
conditions.
elementary requirements have been overlooked. In one case, the
tubes
had a natural frequency of vibration equal to the turbine speed,
and
this caused tube failures. The possibilities of tube resonances
at
different coofing-water temperatures should also be considered at
the design stage.. Present methods 6f raising the pH value, or
the
use of chemical de-oxygenation of feed water, call for special
attention because of the possibility of corrosion of brass tubes
from the steam side. An example of such failure is illustrated
photographically in Pig.9. There are 9 figures and 4
7
Card 4/4

SOV/96-58-11-8/?l
, L.D., Doctor of Technical Science
AUTHOR: Berman
7M1n_ge_r,_N-.M.1 Candi~ate of Technical Science
TITLE: The Comparison of Various Types of Air Pump for
Turbine Condensers (Sravneniye razn30kh tipov
vozdushnykh nasosov d1ya kondensatorov turbin)
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetika 1958, Nr 11, pp 47-55 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The relative merits of different types of air pump
are first discussed in general terms. Serious
objections can be raised against published technical
and economic comparisons between different types of
air pump and so the All-Union Thermo-Technical
Institute made comparative calculations, the results
of which are given below. The special features of
the characteristics of different types of air pumps
are first discussed and the requirements applicable to
air pumps on condensers are considered. The major
requirements of air pumps for condensers are that
they should maintain a given pressure and should
operate without overload - that is, without mailked
increase in suction pressure when the rate of
Card 1/6 pumpii4,P air is increased. The characteristics of

S017/96 -5 8-1 1-8/?l
The Comparison of Various Types of Air Pump for Turbine Condensers
steam jet ejectors have been investigated in some
detail in previous work by the same authors. When
pumping a saturated steam-water mixture at a given
temperature, the characteristic of a steam-jet
ejector (plotted as suction pressure against air-
pumping speed) consists of two sections, a fairly
flat work-ing section from zero up to some definite
rate of air flow and an overload section of steeper
slope as plotted in Fig.l. The worikinq sections of
the characteristics corresponding to lifferent
mixture temperatures are practically straight
parallel lines, for which a formula is given. When
extracting dry air, the characteristic of a steam-jet
ejector is similar to that described but the working
section corresponds not to constant volume output but
to a volume output that increases rapidly with the
pumping speed (see Fig'.l.). The water-jet ejector,
unlike the steam-jet ejector, has a practically
constant volume output when extracting- dry air and
Card 2A a variable output when extracting stearn/water

SOV/96-58-11-8/?l
The Comparison of Various Types of A16ir Pump for Turbine
Condensers
mixture. The characteristics when extracting dry air
at different temperatures of the working water are
given in Fig.?. Those relating to a saturated steam/
water mixture appear in Fig.3. These characteristics
depend upon the design and principal dimensions of
the ejector and other variables. The relationship
between the operation of the ejector and that of the
condenser is considerably more complicated than in
the case of a steam-jet ejector, since the water-jet
ejector, besides its main function, also acts as an
additional condenser.. The volume output of
mechanical vacuum pumps, belonging to the group of
volume pumps, diminishes with reduction in the
suction pressure. This causes mechanical pumps
having & relatively large dead space (dry-piston
types and water-seal types) to be of poor
characteristicst so that when they are used the
steam/water mixture extracted from the condenser
must first be compressed to about 0.1 atm by means
of an ejector. Special designs of vacuum pumps
intended for operating at pressures down to
Card 3A I:o-3 mmlig have more favourable characteristics which

SOV/96-58-11-8/21
The Comparison of Various Types of Air Pump for Turbine
Condensers
are briefly described. Since the characteristics of
water-jet ejectors are quite different from those,6f
steam-jet ejectors and of mechanical pumps, it is not
p?ssible to compare the power consumption of
different types of air pumps under identical
conditions. In making the calculations it was
assumed that comparable air pumps should be of equal
reliab.ility if' the air pumping speed rose above the
designed value. Therefore, the suction pressure for
'k,,7 output should be the same for
a -iver maximum workin
alY. Under these conditions the suction pressure
corresponding to the maximum-rated pumping rate is
less for the water-jet ejector than for the steam-
jet ejector and mechanical pump (see Fig-5.).
The calculations were made with reference to a
100-MW turbine with given steam and vacinn conditions.
Two methods of supplyixQ; steam-jet ejectors were
considered; the power equivalent of the steam
consumption was evaluated and the necessary formula
Card 4/6 is given. The characteristics and location of the

SOV/96-58-11-8/21
The Comparison of Various Types of Air Fump for Turbine
Condensers
water-jet ejector "re indicated. The volume outputs
of the mechanical air pumps were the same as for the
steam-jet ejectors. The calculated values of power
consumption for the different types of air pump under
the various conditions considered are ta1bulated; data
are alco rjve2i -bout the steam consumption of steam-
jet ejectors and the rater consumption of water-jet
ejectors. It is concluded that mechanical pumps
and steam-jet ejectors have the lowest power
consumption provided the number of stages is well
chosen and the coolers work efficiently. Mechanical
air pumps operating with ballast gas have a similar
power consumption 'as steam-jet ejectors and have the
advantage of electric drive without the need for
steam supply. They pull down initial vacuum quickly.
They are, horever, complicated and require constant
i2ispection. Rater-jet ejectors also use electric
power instead of steam and they ure simpler in
operation than mechanical pumps but their power
consumption is greater thouLb, they do 6ive a better
Urd 5/6 vacuum due to condensation of steam in the -v~,uter jet.

SOV/96-58-11-8/21
The Comparison of Various Types of Air Pump for Turbine Condensers
Because of this they are as economical as other types
of pumps. If water-jet ejectors are used, the output
of the water purification plant is increased but this
too has economic compensations. huther theoreticul
and experimental study of water-jet ejectors is
required to improve their design and to obtain
further data about their operating churucteristics.
The-re axe 6 figures, 1 table and 7 literature
references all of which are Soviet.
ASSOCI)MON: Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut
(All-Union Thermo-Technical Institute)
Card 6/6

MM94A.-LI&-
Criteria of similarity for simultaneous proestess of heat
and mass transfer in heterogeneous systems. Zhur. takh. fix.
28 no.11:2617-2629 N 158. (MIRA 12:1)
(Heat-Trausmission) (Mass transfer)
M

~ C j~.),7 11 "ii-J.
1" fj, L, ''
/
BIMN L.D. doktor tekhn.nauk; KAGAN. D.Ts.,
kand.tekhn.nauk.
]::,; ~Corros,
Ion of brass condenser tubes under the action of
ammonia.
Xlek.sta. 29 no.1:19-23 Ja 158. (MIRA 11:2)
(Ammonia) (Brass--Gor"rosion) (Condensers (Steam))

BIMN, L.D., doktor takhn, nauk.; PROMROVA, Ye.I., insh.
I IL
Improving the salt balance of the water and vapor cycle
in electric
power stations. 31ek. sta. 29 no.lOt23-28 0 158. (KLPA
11:11)
(Food water)

Ell
Gil
3A
P, Js
f6
ml
got
rill
gill 'A
J al
lit
-A4 .43
all
d A 1.3
jail

DIMW ro ktor takhn.nauk; KOSTBRIN, S.I., prof., doktor
tekhn.
.WW VOW"" =*nrAeptsenzent; SHMOT, lu.P.,
kand.tekhn.nauk. red.;
UFAROVA, AJ., tekhn.red.
(Heat exchangers and condensation devices.for turbine
units]
Teploobsennye apparat7 i kondeneatsionnys ustroistva
turbo-
ustanovok. Koskva, Gos.naucbno-tekhn.Ud-vo
mashinostroit.
lit-ry, 1959. 427 P. (MIRA 12:10)
1. Bryanskiy institut transportnogo mashinostroyeniya
(for
Berman).
(Heat exchangers) (Condensers (Steam))

sov/96-59-6-11F/22
AUTHOR: Berm tor of Technical Sciences)
TIME: ombined Pumping Sets for.Extracting Air from Steam
Turbines and Condensers (Kombinirovannyye nasosnyye
agregaty dlya udaleniya vozdukha iz kondensatoroir
parovykh turbin)
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetika, 19,59, Nr 61 PP 73-76 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In large unit-type power stations with super-high steam
con(~itio4s it.,is-advisable to use electrically driven
air-extraction pumps,whilch include water-jet ejectors.
Soviet and foreign experience shows that water-jet
ejectors compare quite well with steam-jet ejectors.
The use of mechanical vacuum pumps is more contentious
and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
It has recently been recommended in the foreign technical
press to extract air from turbine condensers by means of
a combination of two mechanical pumps in series. Some
German pumps are described and performance formulae are
given. The Leibold type B pump is described in some
detail and its performance is compared with that of two
Card 1/2 types of ejector in Fig 8. It is considered that the use
of the type B pumping sets would give a power economy of

SOV/96-59-6-14/22
Combined Pumping Sets for Extracting Air from Steam Turbines and
Condensers
about 20 kW as compared with steam-jet ejectors. This
economy, about 0.02% in the case of a 100 MW set, is
obtained at the expense of considerable complication.
The continued use of steam-jet ejectors is recommended
except in special circumstances. Mechanical vacuum
pumps, including combined units, can sometimes be
justified when it is necessary to use electrical drivet
but in this case the much simpler water-jet ejector is
competitive.
Card 2/2 There are 9 figures and 20 referencest of which 8 are
Soviet, 2 French, 3 English and 7 German.

SOV/96-59-7-16/26
AUTHORSs Berman, L.D., Doctor of Technical ScjenceE, and Fuks,
"T.M.7"WIM W-fte of Technical Scienoes
TITLE: The Design of Surface Heat-
exch~nge quipment for
Condensing Steam from a Steam/air Mixture. (Raschet
poverkhnostnykh teploobmennykh apparat6v dlya
kondensatsii para iz parovozdushnoy smesi)
PERIODICAL: Teploehergetika, 1959, Nr 7, pp 74-84 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In calculating the surface of heat-exchange
equipment
when one of the fluids is a liquid and the other is steam
with a certain ouantity of inert gas, allowance must be
made for severai factors. They are: the composition and
rate of flow of the steam/gas mixture; differences of
temperature and partial pressure along the path of the
moving mixtures; and also differences between local heat-
and mass-transfer coefficients along the path. The whole
problem is very complicated and naturally there have been
many attempts to simplify the calculations. These are
reviewed and it is concluded that in every case the sim-
plification is based on an insufficiently clear understands
C*rd 116 ing of the mechanism'of the process. As a result, the

SOV/96-59-7-16/26
The Design of Surface Heat-exchange Equipment for Condensing
S+&am
from a Steam/air Mixture
usual simplifications may give rise to very great errors
in the calculations,, However,.it is shown in the course
of the article that if experimental relationships are used
for the heat- and mass-transfer coefficients it is possible
to introduce certain simplifiaations into the calculations.
In particular for the case of condensing steam containing
air there is practically no need to make the laborious
simultaneous determination of two inter-relftted temper-
atures. The procedure described in the article is based on
the use of experimental relationships: it is assumed that
the conditions are such that the quantity of heat trans-
mitted from the steam/gas mixture to the condensate film
by convection and the heat evolved in cooling the conden-
sate may both be neglected, as they are small compared with
the heat of phase conversion, Changes in the total pressure
of the system resulting from the res :' tance of the heat-
exchanger tubes is also neglected. lhs'e data usually pro-
vided +or the purpose of making the calculations is then
Card 2/6 listea and formula (1) is given for the specifiz
thermal.

SOV/96-59-7-16/26
The Design of Surface Heat-exchange Equipment for Condensing
Steam from a Steam/air Mixture
loading of the heating surface. The coefficient of
dynamic viscosity of a saturated mixture of steam and air
enters into the calculations and may be obtained from the
graph in Figure 2. A knowledge is also required of the
heat-transfer coefficient from the water fiowing in a
tube to the tube walls, and may be obtained from the nomo-
gram in Figure 3. Equation (11) is then derived: the
complex 0 given by equation (11a) may be obtained from
the graphs in Figure 4. It should be remembered that
:the basic equations (2), (3) and (4) were determined
experimentally for horizontal bundles of tubes of a given
pitch; care must be exercised in applying them to other
arrangements of tubes. Moreover, formula (10) can be
applied to vertical tubes only if there is lami-nar flow
of the condensate film. By way of illustration a numer-
ical example is given of a specific calculation of the
cooling surface required for the first-stage cooler of
a steam-jet injector. The necessary numerical values
Card 3/6 are given. The-cooler surface is sub-divided into six

SOV/96-59-7-16/26
The Design of Surface Heat-Exchange Bquipment for Condensing
Steam from a Steam/air Idixture
sections which may be treated separately. The sections
are then considered in turn and values are derived for
the specific thermal loading. The calculations are
repeated for a number of tube outside-wall temperatures
and the results for the first of the sections are given
in Table 1. Calculations on the second and successive
sections are made in just the same way; the results are
given in table 2 for two variants of cross-sectional
area of tAe steam/air duct. In the first variant the
cross-section remains constant throughout and as the
steam condenses the SDeed of the mixture falls. In the
second, the cross-seclion diminishes as the steam con-
denses, so that the speed remains constant. for the
first variant, which is commonly found in practice, the
necessary cooler surface is 7.89 square metres, but for
the second variant it is only 5.45 square metres. The
results of the calculations are used to deteXmine the num-
ber of tubes, their arrangements and other details. When
Card 4/6 examined, the re sults of the calculations show that
the

SOV/96-59-7-!6/26
The Design of Surface Heat-exchange Equipment for Condensing
Steam from a Steam/air Mixture
experimental value of the mean heat-transfer coefficient
and of the heat-transfer coefficient from the steam side,
obtained from balancing tests such as are usually quoted
in the literature, ~as little meaning. To prove the point,
these coefficients are oalculated for each of the six
sections with both variants and the results are given in
Table 3. The variations in local heat-transfer coeffic-
ients and heat-transfer coefficients from the steam side
as a function of the temperature difference between the
mixture and water are plotted in Figure 6 and 7 for variants
1 and 2 respectively. It is shown that for the case of
condensing steam containing inert gas the usual determin-
ation of the mean temperature difference does not corres-
pond to the realities of the process and can 'Lead to very
contradictory results. The conclusions about the general
inadequacy of the usual methods of calculation are fully
confirmed by test results. it is quite erroneous to attempt
to 'correcti values of the heat-transfer coefficient
Card 5/6 related to the mean logarithmic temperature difi'erence
by

SOV/96-59-7-16/26
The Design of Surface Heat-exchange Equipment for Condensing
Steam from a Steam/air Mixture
allowing for the reduction in temperature of the steam/
air mixture 'as it condenses. Different methods of caf-
culating the mean surface heat-transfer coefficient from
the steam side are compared in Table 4 and here again it
is found that the-usual ~,oefficients are quite arbitrary,
It follows that in designing heat-exchange equipment in
which a gas/steam mixture is condensed use should be made
of methods of the type described above, which are based
on experimental. relationships for local coefficients of
heat- and mass-transfer. The calculations cannot yet be
made for all the various conditions met in practice, for
lack of experimental data. It is accordingly important
to determine additional data for mixtures of various vapcurs
and gases and for tubes of varioDs diameters arranged in
different ways.
There are 7 figures, 4 tables and 23 references, of which
11 are Soviet, 7 English, 4 Gexman and 1 Frenab.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut (All-.Union
Thezza-Technical Inst,itute)
Card 6/6 ,

SOV/91-59-8-21/28
8(6)
AUTIIORSs Berman tor of Technical Sciences and Fuks, S.N99
Can-
'_~~x7ae 0 ectftnical Sciences
TITLEs The Luminescent Method of Detecting Water Leaks in
Steam Turbi-
ne Condensers
PERIODICALs Energetikf 1959, Nr 89 pp 30-33 (USSR)
ABSTRACT% The author describes a method of detecting leaks
in fiteam turbi-
ne condensers by filling the condenser with water in -Aiich a
fluorescent material (CgOH 0 ) has been dissolved. The
interior
tubes He5 inspected by means of a quartz
of the condenser Is n
lamp, This method is used since 1954 by VTI. It is based on
des-
criptions in foreign periodicals ("Engineering", 1949 and
"Pow-
er", 1950). The author describes this method in detail and
gives
recommendatins.concerning the type of quartz lamp to be used.
Mineraloseopes'LYull-I and Uulf-2 equipped with mercury
quartz
lamps PRK-4 and ultraviolet light filters U-M-3 or UFS-4 may
be
used. The filters pass light of 320-400 millimicron
wavelength.
Card 1/2 Luminescent mineraloscopes were produced by the
plants "Krasnog-

SOV/91--59-8-21/28
The Luminescent Method of Detecting Water Leaks in Steam Turbine
Condensers
vardeyets" and "Geologorazvedka". Tables 1 and 2 contain data on
mercury quartz lamps PRK-2, PRK-42 PRK-5, PRK-7 and PRIC-8. The
author states that this method is of great importance for high-
power turbines. For examplet with a 150 megawatt turbine PVK-150,
a 0.001% auction will correspond to an amount of 3 liters/hour
of water. For me*dium and high pressure turbines, the permissible
suction of condenser water amounts to 0.1-0.3%, while boilers
with superhigh steam parameters require 0.001-0.005%. There are
1 diagram, 1 circuit diagram, 2 tables and 4 references, 2 of
which are English, 1 Soviet and 1 German.
Card 2/2

BnWo L.D.
Some regularities'-1of-41stiltan-ibus -heat exchange and
mass transfer
In heterogeneous Vat es*.. Zhurtekh.f is. 29 no,1:94-106
or& 159,
(MIRA 12:4)
1. V1960yusmy toplotekhnichesk1y institut Im, Fol.
DzershinskDgo,
Moskva,
(Heat-Transmission) (Mass transfer)

5(4) SOV/80-32.-4-17/47
AUTHOR: Berman, L*D.
TITLEt General Form of ths Cri4.ez-ion.Equationa for Mass Exchange
in Apparatus Fixed Phase Interface (Obshchiy vid
kxiteriallnylkY *~_,=,r_e~~y d1ya masso-obmena v apparatakh s
fikEirovannoy poverkhnost-yu rasdela faz)
PERIODICAL: Zhvxnal priklandoy lrhimif., 1959, Vol 32, Nr 4, pp
807-812
(USSR's
ABSTRACT: The author wa=-.s against -the overestimatirg the role
of the
theory of sir-ilarity in studying the proce;7,s%.-s and equipment
of chemical technology, aVA:ag KafaTov Z"Ref. 1_7
who stressed Its great practical importance. Some possibili-
ties ef errors are pcinted outq which arise from the wrong
6oncept that the relationship between criteria of mass exchange
for the.aase of a fixed phase interface
Card 1/3 NuD = L , Rem . PrnD

BOV/'80-32-4-17/47
General Form of the Criterion Equations for the Mass Exchange in
Apparatus
With Fixed Phase Interface
Card 2/3
is analogous to the shape of heat exchange equation. Here
NuD is diffusion criterion of Nusselt, Re is Reynolds crite-
riont and PrJ) is diffusion criterion of Prandtl. Although
equations of this form are applicable in many practical cases,
there are some peculiarities inL-tli4:,~r6cesses of mass exchange,
such as transvefse flow of substance; molar, or so-called
Stephan"-s,flow.0-f',substance'---and turbulence in the layer
adjacent to the interface, which destroy the similarity bet-
ween the' ma-ss-exchange process and the process of pure heat
exchange* In the latter case, the criterion equation will
look as .1 f oll ows iNuD CP (Re, Pr D 1 17 9, Er PR ft
0 A Rr
where R,R and R are gas constants of the mixture,
n r Pr
Its active and inert component respectively; Cr -- is the
P
volume concentration of the inert component of the mixture;
APn is the difference between the partial pressure of the
active component of the mixture in general and that at the
interface; p is summary pressure of the mixture. An analysis

SOV/80-32-4-17/47
General Form of the Criterion Equations for the Mass Exchange
in Apparatus
With Fixed Phase Interface
of experiments performed--'pve~riously by the author Zllef.
20,217
comll.r.ed with tho-re?qil-s of other experiments for the
case of
ctoridensatio~~, of water ~eteam air aftixture on hori-
loatal. pipes lead-a ir% the ftiloving equation..-
0.4 1/3 -o.6
RQD ~- C R90..5. PrD r
where- C-1- 0.6'0 fc~r a ei-ngle pipe. In oon-.Iusion the
author
di,eousses the resul*s of Bome other experimentera and tries
to explain Lhqlr.
There are 25 referen~--ear 18-0f,whteh 4rv~-4viet, 4 English
and Americar..
SUBMITTED. Deceifoer 1:4-T~ 1957.;
Card 3/3

AUTZOR: L. Bermang Doctor of Technical Sciences SOV166-59-1-9132
TITLEi On the Possibility of Cooling Water by Means of Open Air to-
the Dew Point Temperature (0 vozmozhnosti okhlazhdeniya vody
naruzhnym vozdukhom do temperatury tochki rosy)
.PERIODICALs Kholodillneya tekhnika, 1959,tNr 1, pp 40-45 (USSO-]
ABSTRACTt The theoretical limit of cooling of water by means of
evapor-
ation is the temperature of the wet bulb thermometer. A
number of schemes have been worked out and are mentioned in
the article by which it should be made possible to cool water
by means of evaporative cooling down to a temperature approach-
ing closely the dew point. In practice, however, all such
attempts have failed, inasmuch - as the lowest temperature
attained was only slightly below the wet bulb temperature.
This small difference in temperaturej however, does not
warrant the investment in costly and cumbersome installations
Card 1/2 which it would require to put up.

SOV/66-59-1-9/32
On the Possibility of Cooling Water by Means of Open Air to
the Dew Point
Temperature
There are 2 graphap 2 block-diagrams# 2 tables, and 2 Soviet
references.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut imeni F.
Dzerzhinskogo
(All-Union Thermal Engineering Institute imeni F. Dzerzhinskiy)
Card 2/2

Bj~Wj L,D,, doktor takhn.nauk, red.;
SIMMINIKOVA, L.N. , red.;
-10-R-UN~-O~V, N.J., takhn.red.
[Condensing and regenerative steam turbine
Svatemal Kon-
densatsionnye i ragenerativnys ustanovki
parovykh turbin;
sbornik statei. Pod red. L.D.Bermana. Konkva,
Goseenerg,
isd-vo, 1960. 159 pe (MIRA 13:9)
1. ORG M , trust, Noscow.
(Steam turbines-Bquipmant and supplies)

SOKOLOV, Tefim Takovlovich; ZINGIR, Nikolay
Mikhaylovieh;.Jj&W D.
doktor tokhn.zLauk, ratoonsent; KOLACH, T.A., kand.takhn
red.; LARIONOV, G.Te.. takhn.red.
[jet apparatus] straimys apparaty. Koskva,
Gos.energ.izd-vo,
1960. 207 P. (KIRA-13t7)
(iota) (Hydraulic engineering)

RKRW. L.D.. doktor tekhn.nauk
Condensation devices of Uwge contemporary turbine
units.
Xnergetik 8 no.4:7ju Ap l6o. (KIRA 13:8)
Steam turbines)

BERMAN cktor takhn.nsLuk; RUBINSHTEYN, Ya,M,, doktor
tekhnonauk.,
SHCMUYAIEV A.V.
SelectisWAhe optimm cross saction.dimensions of the exbaust
and the -~i~r of shafts for,300 to 600 MW ateam'turbines.
Teploenergetika 7 no.10;14,22 0 160. (MIRA 14:9)
1. Vsesoyaznyy teplotekhnicookiy institut. 2. Cheln-korres-
pondent AN SSSR (foT ShohegljiY64).
(pteam- turbirAs)

MMIi. e.D., doktor tekbn.nauk; AMS, S.N.,
kand.tekhnsnauk
Hermetic sealing of steam turbine condenser pipe
plates.
1160. (KTU ~317)
Ilek-sta- 31 no.4:32-36 Ap
(Steam-turbines)

BRIM, L.D. , ~e--
Oalculation of heat and mass transfer processes in crosm
flo4. f
Zhur. prikl. khin. 33 no.12-:2789-2791 D l6o. (KIRA 14:1) ~4
(Heat-Transmission) (Was transfer)

BMW. L.D., doktor tekhn.nauk; MARKIN, V.P.0 inzh.;
PROKHOROVAp Ye.I...
inzh.; ILlICHEVAJ, L,A., inzh.
'Use of dbuble tube-plateo in steam turbine
condensers. Teploe-
nergetika, 8 no.7:2-4-29 Jl 161. (MIRA 14:9)
1. Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnichaskiy institut i
Pridneprovskaya
Gosudarstvamaya rayonnaya elektrichaskaya stantsiya.
(Steam turbines) (Condensers (Steam))

BEM4AN, L.D., doktor tekhn.nauk
Development of designs of steam-turbine
condensers.
Teploenergetika 8 no.9;78-83 S 161. (MiRi, 14:8)
1 (Condensers (Steam))

11
BERMAN, L--D---j doktor tekbn.nauk; LABUTIN, A.L.,
kand.tekbn.nauk; FIJKS, S.N.,
------"r,d.tekhn.nauk;~MAL'SHINA, L-P., Inzh.;
SHMU,&'Y, K.S., inzh.
Rubberizing of the tube plates of a steam turbine
condenser with
"liquid" nairit. Elek. sta. 32 no 7:6-io Ji 161., (PIRA
14-10
(Steam turbines) Neoprene)

BEPWAN, L.D.j_.Ooktor te.khn.nauk, prof.
Determining the mean difference of enthalpies in
cooling towers and
air washers with cross flow. Khol. tekh. 38 no.4t34-37
Jl-A9
161. (MRA 15:1)
1. Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut im.
F.E.Dzerzhinskogo.
(Cooling towers) (Air conditioning)

I O.SZ00 32536
11 Lj1_j 1,() S/096/62/000/001/005/008
14mg I E025/1~435 -
AUTHOR: RArman T.OLZootor of Technical Sciences
TITLE- On features of the transfer of heat and matter in
moving two-component mixtures
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetika, no.1, 1962, 69-74
TEXT- A study is made of the condensation of steam from two-
comp~nent steam-gas mixtures, the evaporation of liquids and the
cooling of porous walls penetrated by a gas. all processes
aacnompanied by the simultaneous transfer of heat and matter in
the boundary layer of a steam-gas or gas mixture. Causes of
disc.repanc~ies among proposed methods of generalizing
experimental
results with a view.to using them to calculate flow processes of
heaV and mass exchange in large industrial plants are considered.
A nil ber of theories both Soviet and non-Soviet are critioally
examined. The author assumes a steady plane flow of a binary
mixture with components satisfying the equations of state of, an
ideal gas, the absence of external forces and rhemical reactions
in the mlxture, negligible thermal diffusion and constant
pressure
of the. mixture. Diffusion along the flow is neglected and the
Card 1/4

32536
S/096/62/000/001/005/008
On 41,*ea.tures of the transfer E025/E435
densities of the components perpendicular to the flow are
assumed
to be variable. Relations are derived for the velocities and
densities of the flow, for the diffusion of the i-th component
of
the mixture,, the continuity equation, the equations of motion
of
the mixture and the balance of energy equation taicing account
in
the latter of the variation of the enthalpy of the diffusion
flows.
The effect of mass transfer on friction and heat transfer which
depends on the "penetrability" of the walls is studied and in
the
.base of a semi-penetrable surface the Stefan flow is taken
into
aoaount. The equations of the boundary layer are the same fox
completely penetrable and semi-penetrable surfac-es but the
boundary conditions differ. Both sets of boundary conditions
are
gi-,en. Attention is drawn to a number of results recently
published which give systems of equations apparently differing
from the author's but it is shown that the equations are in
reality identical with the author's and differ only 2n the use
of
the mean-mass velocity instead of the mean molecular velocity
of the mixture in calculating the velocity of the diffusion
fiows~
ThIs fact is demonstrated and the equations used by L.Lees,
Caxd 2/4

32536
8/096/62/000/001/005/008
On features of the transfer ... E025/:9435.-
E.R.G' Eckert, V.S.Avduyevskiy and Ye.I.Obrovs'kova are
derived.
The author comments that the latter equations are better
adapted
for analytic solutions than his own: they contain terms showing
the effects of the diffusion terms explicitly. M.I.Ismailov's
resillts (Ref.8: The theory of boundary layer during
evaporation.
Izd. AN UzSSR, 1959) are criticized on the grounds that the
effect
of diffusion and of the Stefan flow on the equilibrium of mass,
momentum and energy are not taken into account and hence the
results are seriously in error. The equation to unity of
Prandtl's
thermal and diffusion criteria for the mixture j-s held to be
insufficient for the existence of similarity of the fields and
experiments are quoted9Mf'.9: L.D.Berman, Teploenergetika,
no.5,
1956~ ZhTF, no.1, 195 supporting this conclusion. The
supplementary parameters required to take account of the effect
of mass transfer on heat in the case of a semi-permeable
surface
of' separation of the phases are considered and relations
between
them determined from experimental results for the lamina-r
boundary layer of a binary mixture on a porous plate cooled by
a
stream of various gases (Ref.10; D. Gartnett, K.Geyzli. Papers
at
Card 3/4

32536
S/096,/62/000/001/005/008
On features of the transfer ... E025/E435
the Conference on Heat and Mass Transfer, Minsk). There are
3 figures and 12 references: 8 Soviet-bloc, 1 Russian translation
from non-Soviet work and 3 non-Soviet-bloc. The three
references to English language publications read as follows2
Ref.4: L. Lees, Jet Propulsion, no.4, 1956i
Ref.5: E.R.G.Eckert et al. Jet Propulsion, no.l. 1958;
Ref.ll~ A.. AL(~rivos. A..I*Ch.E. Journ.. no.3, 1960.
ASSOCIATIONj Vaesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut
(All Union Heat Engineering Institute)
Card 4/4

BERMAN, L.D., doktor t.ekhn.nauk,, prof.; TUMANOV, Yu.A.,
inzh.
Studying the heat transmission in case of the moving steam'
condensation on a horizontal tube. Teploenergetika 9 no.10:
77-83 0 162. (MMA 15%9)
1. VsesqyuzW teplotekhnicheskiy institut.
.(Heat-Tranamissign)

BERMANp L.D., doktor tekhn,,nauk
Constraction and characteristics of the sprinkling
devices of
cooling systems made from case hardened asbestos sheets.
Elsk.
sta. 33 no,029-34 Ap 162. (MM 150)
(Electric power pUnts-Equipment and supplies)

BERW L.D.
doktor tekhn.nauk,,prof.; TUMANOV, Yu.A.., inzb. I.Y ;
Heat emission during filW condenBation of stationary stpm in
a horisontal
.pipe, Izv, vyse ucheb, zave; energ. 5 no.�k86-93 8 162&
le VOOSOYWUI.VY O~i6 Trudovogo 4"nogo ZA*w"ni
teplotekbnichookiy
inatitut imeni F.R.Dwrzhinskogot.- Predstavlena otdeleniyem
turbin
i toplofikatail. - I
ksteampipeo) I (Steam)- (Heat-Tranaminsion)

BZw" 11 D , doktor tekhn., nauk
Condensers of large steam turbines.
Toploenergetika 10 no-31
8247 Mr '63. (MM 164)
(Steam turbines) (CondenserB(Steam))
ONE

L.D..' do~tor,teWm. nauk; Y-EFIMCHKIN, 0.1.1 inzh.
Experimental stud of a water-jet ejector. Teploenergatika
10 no,90-15 6 Z3. (MMA 16tlO)
1. Vessoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut.
(Steam turbines)

doktor tekhn. nauk; GIMBURG, B.S., kand. takhn. nauk;
BERAO -.,.
DUBNITSKA%A., L.Ie.j, inzhe; FROKHMOVA, Ys.I.j. inzh.
Operational tests of tubes from alumimm alloys in
condensers and
iiater beaters* Bleko sta. 31+ noo5:28-32.My .163o (MM
16:7)
(Pipes, Aluminum-Corrosion)
,(Condensere (Stem))

BERMAN, L.D., doktor..tekhn.,nauk;.PROXHOROVA,,
Ye.I.,, inzh.
TRakage detection in the vacuum system of a turbine
unit using a
halogenleakage detector. Elek. sta. 34 no.1004-38 0
163.
(MIRA 16:12)

BERM&N, L,D., doktor tekhn. nauk; YEFIMOCHKIN, G.I.,,
inzh.
Operation of a condensing system with a water-4st
ejector.
Elek. eta. 34 no.7%28-32 Jl 163. (MIRA 16:8)

BERMAN, L.D., doktor tekhn. nauk, prof.; YEFIMOCHKIN,
G.I., In3h.
Special features of the work process and operating
mode of a
water-jet ejector. Teploenergetika 1-1 no.2:31-35 F
164.
(MIRA 17:4)
1. Vsesoyuznyy tepaOtekhniaheskiAinstitut.
I

BERMAN, L.D., doktor tekhn. nauk, prof.
Approximation-method for calculating heat exchange during
the condensation of steam on a cluster of horizontal tubes.
Teploenergetika 11 no.3t74-78 Mr t64. (MIRA 17:6)
1. Vsesw.,,-uznyy teplotakhnicheskiy institut.

BERMANj L.D., doktor tekhn. nailk, prof.
-1
Norms on the hazdness-of-turbine condensate.
Teploenergetika
11 no.4.-75-77 Ap.164.. (MIRA 17.-6)
1. Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskly Institut.

__Aoktor takhn. nauk, prof.; TUMANOI, Y
BTRs4,UIj, L.N2
Effect of the velocity of steam on the morhatilam
and intensity
of heat exchange with pellicular condensation on a
b,),-Jz,-,:,&el
pipe. Fnergs.-masbinostroenie 10 ro.5.,24--28 MT
16L~
(MI R A. 17 -- 8)

BERKO LED-.,-doktor tekhn. nauk, prof.; YEFIMOGHKIN,
G.I., inzh.
Calculational relationships for water-jet ejectors
Teploener-
getika U no.7:44-48 Ji 164. iMIRA 17:8)
1. VaesoyuzTWY teplotekhnicheskiy institut.

BERMAN. L.D.. doktor,tekhn. nauk, prof.; YEFIMOCHKIN, G.I., inzh.
Vmthods for calculating a water jet ejector. Teploenergetika 11
no.81
412494 ~kg 164. (IURA 18:7)
i. VsesoyuzW teplotekhnicheskiy Institut.

BERMAN) LaDal daktor takhne. nauk, profe
Design of-Aandwing systems for large turbine units,
Toplaenorgatika 12 no.1104-40 N 165. (MIRA lailo)
1e Vaoooyu�W UplatekhMahookly Inotituts
i;