SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BIRGAUANU, P. - BIRGER, I.A.

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BIRGAUANU, P. Specialization in the national ecomomy; causes and possibilities of ecomomic specilization with a concrete example, the Urals. p. 22. NATURA. Bucresti. Vol- 7, no- 3. Mayj'June 1955- SOURCE: East Eur9pean Accessions List (EEAL) Library of Congress Vol. 5, No. 7, July 1936. C BIRGAUANUO P., cercetator (Buouresti) ... ....... 0- "West G4~18 economic expansion in Africa" by F. Polaikov (F. Polshikov). Reviewed by P. Birgauanu. Natura Geografte 13 no. 5:83-86 S-0 161h BIRWILNU, P., lectcr; JUNCAN, ft,, prof. (Wcures'Li) Garricula and t--xtbo&-.g m geogrephy in Pmmania. hatu.-s. Goografie 16 rio.5:59-4 NIKOLAM, A,.N.; GLADGEENKO, I.F.j BIRGAUZ, M.; DOBKIN, R.D.; SPEKTCR, E.I. Window caseimpts made of gleser plastics. plast. massy no.7t6O-63 165. 041RA 18:7) BMIIL"V.I. % ooW kg/cu2 hydra . tekh. no-1:58 Ja-F '55- A 2, ulic press. Ims (Hydraulic presses) W" 8:9) BIRGILI -I --mamm -law Apparatus for the experimental study of preaWon scales. Ism. takh. no.1:43-46.Jae-7 156. OGBA 9:5) (Scales (Weighi4 instruments)-Vibra,tion) (Oscillograph) BIRGZLI. V.Z - Contacts of balance Imife-edges with supports.Ismotakh.nool;j~- /V 36 J&-1P '57. (Km io:4/ (Balanee) 0 Zia ..44 14 INS 46 41 V.4 It I I I 1 -atlas l.; I I ; 3A 14 1 lo BIRGXR, A. Now details and construction elements for completely pre fabricated building. Fa stroid4osk. 2 n0-110-5 N 159. (MIRA 13:3) 1. Glavrqy inzhener Opytnogo savoda pri spatelallnom Iconstruktorskom byuro "Prokatdotal" Glavmaestroyas (Moscow--Precast connerate conetruction) ~ BIRGIR, L, insh.; jjOp"SKrT, A., insh.; LXMVICH, D., insh. Using industrial methods in eloctrio-viring operations. ZhIL stroi, no*7316-19 Jl 160. (MIRA 13:7) (3fteetric Interior) viring, AZIMOV, S.A.; BI&;ER, A.G.; FOLYNOV, V.K.; Sj,,jVjj~2jjjsKjy, S.,,. Nature of tha ponatr9ting particles In alactron-micl!inr showars. Dokl Alkijd. llaulc SSSR 85, No.2, ~W-'~O '5`0 WLRA 5: 8) (PA 36 no.0671:7757 153) KOZLOV, JJ*olav Thkovlsvich,inzh.I,.BOL!S"OV, Vi+,nliy MikJisyIo-i,ich,iarh.; KAZAMICYSETT,, ZinqviyJoaifov~ch,- nsucJ;LDYY red.; KRYUGERS YU.T.,, red. izd-va.; SCIBTSEVA, L.M., t-~.khn. red.; ILIKINA, N.H., tekhn-red. [Rolled partitions avA'facivg panels; production an'd us~],Prokatmys,' persgoroclochnya i obliteovochn" paneli; proizvodstvo i prim6uenist, Moskva, Goa. izd-vo lit-ry po stroit.0'arkhtto i stroit. materialam, 1958. 110 .(MIRA 11:12) (Conorste slabs) BIRGERj_A.I.._inzh.; SAMSONOV. D.D., inzb.; rLOPOVSKIT, A.F., insh. Making prestressed panels by vibration rolling. Bet.i zhel.-bet. no.12:551-553 D 160. (MIRA 13:11) (Concrete slabs) 5W SOV/76-33-1-2/45 AUTHORS: Stepukhovich, A. D., Birger. B. I- TITLE: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Decomposition of Hydrocarbons (Kinetika i mekhanizm raspada uglevodorodov) XIII. Kinetics of the Butane Cracking Inhibited by Propylene Additions (XIII. Kinetika krekinga butanat zatormozhennogo dobavkami propilena) PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1959, Vol 33, Nr 1, Pp B-14 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The theory of the chain cracking of hydrocarbons inhibited by additions of various inhibiting agents was developed already some years ago (Refs 1-4). According to Hinshelwood Ginshell- ~ vud) (Ref 6) and the results of some investigations Ref 5), the butane cracking is carried out in a complicated kinetic process. This assumption is , however, unfounded considering the decomposition of the radical chains of the alkanes and the structure of butane. The present tests were carried out to clarify this question, to determine the activation energies of the inhibiting reaction, and to establip the working mechanism of propylene. The cracking of butane with propylene additions Card 1/3 was carried out in a vacuum unit the description of which has sov/176-33-1-2/45 Kinetics and Michanism of the Decomposition of Hydrocarbons. XIII. Kinetics of the Butane Cracking Inhibited by Propylene Additions already been given together with the worj~~ng method (Ref 7). The pressure was measured by means of a diaphragm pressiire gage, the temperature by means of a potentiometer PP. Two series of investigations were made at 5400 and 580oC-r'espO_otive- ly (Table 1). The results of the investigations showed, after a treatment of the reaction walls (quartz glass) with HF, that an enlargement of the specific surface intensifies the in- hibiting reaction which points to a heterogeneous origin of the chain formation and, on the other hand, to a homogeneous fission of the chains in the cracking reaction (Refs 1,B). Ac- cording to the calculations by A. D. Stepukhovich, the value 13.4 kcal is given for the activation energy of the admission of CH3 radicals at the walls of the quartz vessel. The de- A; terminations-made according to the method of inhibiting ad- ditions showed a value of 2.7 kcal for the activation energy of the reaction of propylene with H radicals, and a vhlue of 11 kcal for the reaction with CH radicals. The decomposition 3 of butane does not constitute an exception from the general Card 2/3 laws of reaction kinetics of the inhibited radical chain SOV/76-33-1-2/45 Kinetics and Mechanism of the Decomposition of Hydrocarbons. XIII. Kinetics of the Butane Cracking Inhibited by Propylene Additions cracking. There are 3 tables and 11 references, 10 of which are Soviet. ASSOCIATION: Saratovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. N. G. Chernyshevs- kogo (Saratov state University imeni N. G. Chernyshevskiy) SUBMITTED- November 30, 1956 Card 3/3 GODNEV, I.N.; BIRGER, B.N. Increase in entropy dis in the irreversible course of chemical reactions. Zhur. fiz. khim. 37 nd.Ilt2553-2554 N163. (MM 17:2) 1. Ivanovskiy khimiko-tekhnologiabeakiy Institut, GRISIIKEVICH,, V.M.,;__~~B.N.; BOYNILD, Ye.u. Anaerobic phlegmon and gangrene of the scrotum. Vest. I-hir. 92 i-.~o.6:127-128 Je 164. (MLIRA 18:5) 1. Iz Oshmyanskoy rayonnoy bo-Llnltsy (glavnyy vrach - G. Zaboyev) Grodnenskoy oblasti. Adres avtora: Oslhmimny, Grodnenskoy oblasti, rayonnaya bollnitsa. BORISM, A.; MYGER G.; VOLKOV,, Aq DICH.. S.; DUS=A, Ye.; KOAXIN, A.A.j N M ; T. ~,- --' N.; YMMMKIY, Ye.; POMM, A.; ROGOVIN., Z.; SZUOV., A.; SPIFM., L. On the 6* birthday of an honored worlmr. MUm.volok. no.At7g 162. .(Graidev., Vasilii Alekosievich,, 1902-) . (NM 15:4) SOV/137-59-12-278o6 Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 12, p 293 (UssR) AUTHORS: Birger, G.I.. Brazhnikov, N.I. TITLE: Determination of Boundaries of Pressure Shrinkage Holes in Brass and Bronze Rods by the Method of Ultrasonic Flaw Detection Iq PERIODICAL: Sb. materialov po avtomatiz. proizv. protsessov I dispetcherizataii, Nr 3, Moscow, 1958, pp, 68 - 83 ABSTRACT: Information Is given on results of studies carried out to determine thej~ boundaries of pressure shrinkage-holes with the use of ultrasonic waves. The possibility was establihed-of using for this purpose (for rods of 70 tum in diameter) the "UZD-37" d rice. The ultrasonic control diminishes the number of breaks iniating the rods and reduces metal loss. For a number of alloys ultrasonic control is the only method to determine precisely the boundaries of a deficient area in the rod. The author analyzes in detail characteristics and variety of defects in pressed rods. Card 1/1 Ya.O. 80783 4/137/60/000/OV07/009 A Universal Ultrasonic -38 (UZD-38 Type) Flaw-Deteotor for Detection of Defects in Titanium, Non-Ferrou3 andL Ferrous Metals the piezoplates under operational conditions. The design of the equipment was devised for*the operation In shops. The dimensions are 505 x 315 x 235 mm, the weight is 20 kg. The flaw detector may be used in enterprises of the non;, ferrous metallurgy for 1) detection of defects in ingots of Ti and its alloy 2) detection of defects in work-pieces of non-ferrous metals and their alloys; (Al, brass, bronze and others); 3) for the checking of technological equipment as to the absence of internal defects; 4) for measuring the wall thickness of work pieces made of ferrous and non-ferrcus metals with one-way access (boilers, pipes, reservoirs, etc). The main electrical circuit diagiams of the device are given and special features in its design are described. V.0. Card 2/2 SOV/136-58-6-3/21 new Means for Automatic Testing and control in non-ferrous metallurgy (Figure 3)- For the continuous analysis of hydro- metallurgical solutions, the KB TsMA in 1952 developed (Figure 4) an automatic polarographic concentration- meter, type KAP-225, with a transducer type DAPK-226: this device has been successfully used at the "Elektrotsink' Works for analysing for cadmium in zinc electrolyte and is based on alternating-current polarography. The KB TsMA have developed a series of radioactive mthods, particularly for level indication over a wide (type URP) U-igure 5) and a relatively na row (type URPR) (Figure 6) range. A radioactive density-meter, type PR-150, independent of the mineralogical and size composition of pulp over a wide range has been successfully tested at the ZolotushihokAya oboptitel'naya fabrika (Zolotushinska a Beneficiation Works) ranges 1-5-ie-5 and 1-2 kg/litre~. Work is proceeding on other radioactive meters including a moistur meter, for concentrates and similar materials- Based on/gorrosion-resistant, differential, thermo- electric anemometer (electrical circuit proposed by engineers 'V.A. Dro4* v and A.M. Listov), a flowmeter for Card2/4 pure or air-diluted'chlorine has'-'Lbeen developed by the SOV/136-58-6-3/21 New Means for Automatic Testing and Control in non-ferrous Metallurgy EB TsMA; they have also developed an analyser (type GAKh-239) for chlorine which is accurate to + 3% and these two instruments are to be used in an integrated automation system being devised for the magnesium industry. The KB TsMA have developed an automatic installation for (Figures 7 and 8) controlling a single pump in relation to the liquid level. Another recent activity of this organ- isation has been the development of the type ATV-229 over- heating protective device (Figure 9) and a twelve-point temperature signalling device (Figure 10). The ATV-229 device is to be produced by the Tsvetmetpribor Works. in collaboration with the Institut gigiyeny truda i profzabo- levaniy ANN SSSR (Institute of Work Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the ANS USSR), the KB TsMA have developed a device (Figure 11) for continuous measurement and recording of mercury-vapgur concentration in air in the range- 0.1 - 0.6 mg/&5 . This instrument (IKEP-445) (Figure 11) also gives an alarm signal if the concentration becomes excessive and its range is being extended in both Card3/4 directions. ~,, BIRGERp G!;~~ ~ f I i Fundamentals of the general theory of Ultrasonic flowmeters. I'MR. tek,b. no-4:42-48 Ap 161. (MIRA jZ:3) (Floumeters) (Ultrasonic vaved-Industrial applieations) L12662 S/115/62/000/010/002/002 E073/E535 AUTHOR; Birger, G.I. TITLE: Some problems o f calibrating ultrasonic flowmeters PERIODICAL: Izmeritel'naya tekhnika, no.10., 1962, 53-55 TEXT: Ultrasonic flowmeters indicate the average speed of flow along the ultrasonic beam and not the average across the section. For circular pipes an ultrasonic flowmeter will give a higher reading of about one-third if the flow is laminar. Under industrial conditions the flow is usually turbulent and the velocity across the section varies with the Re number. In this case the velocity along the ultrasonic beam is also a function of Re. The ratio between the ultrasonically measured velocity and the average velocity wili also not remain constant and will be a function of Ile. In contrast to the formula published by J. Kritz v = ;(1 + 0.19 Re- 00,1 (2) where v - ultrasonically measured velocity and average _j Card 1/2 BIRGER, GoIo__ Selecting the type of ultrasonic flo%meter for contaminated liquids and pulps. Ism* tekhe no.7a"3 J1 163. (MM' 1688) (Flowmeter) (Ultrasonic waves-Industrial applications) 5/046/63/009/001/001/026 B104/BI06 AUTHORS: Birgery 0. 1., Brashnikov# X. 1.6 TITLE: Temperature errors and the calculation of some parameters of ultrasonic flowmeters PERIODICAL: kkusticheakiy zhurnal, v. 9, no. 1, 1963, 5-9 TEXT: In two-cha~hnel ultrasonic flowmetere the main temperature error is caused by simultaneous temperature variations both of the controlled medium and of the aooustic line materiall in single-ohannel flowmetors the main error is caused by a similar effect. Another temperature error &rise@ in the asymmetric electronic aystems. In flowmeters of the two-ohannel phao'e circuit type with refraction the main temperature error Is determined by b, + bi (I- Ms. sin' at) I - sin$ a where b and b are the relative temperature ~oeffiaients of the ultrasonic 1 2 Card 1/2 8104Y631009100110011026 Temperature errors and the ... B104 BI 86 velocities in the acoustic line material and in the controlled mediuml no W c201CIO is the index of refraction of the ultrasonic waves on the boundary material - controlled medium; a is the angle between the acoustic line axis and the normal to the tube axi 8I AS is the phase shift of the ultrasonic vibrations; 6t is the temperature variation of the controlled liquid. By selecting a .material for the acoustic line with*proper c10 and b, the main temperature error could be kept small. An automatic compensation. of the main temperature error in achieved by the condition s1 n a -If ITT~ (3)- V --2,W- Therefore# if bI < 0 an automatic compensation of the main temperature error may be obtained for moot of the liquids with b 2 0 is discussed. There.are 3 figures and I table. ASSOCIATIONi Konstruktorskoye byuro "Tayetmetavtonatik4"# Kookya, Design Office "Tevetmetaytoustike Moscow) SUINITTED: ~otober 13, 1961 Card 2/2 -lij P db r, r1 ANFILOV, A.A., inzh ; BAKALEYNIK, Ya.M.,, inzh.; PjA2_ER-,_,9jI. J, inzh.; BRUK, B.S.p inzb.; BUROV) A.Lp inzh.,- GINZBURG, V.L., inzh.; ZABELIN, V.L.,. inzh.; ZAPLECHM, Ye.G., lnzh.;ISAYEV, D.V.t inzh.; KLIMOVkT_g37 A M., inzh.; KRYUCIIKOV, V.V., inzh.,- KOTOV, V.A.p inzh.; i&imz, A.Ye., I.uzh.; PODGOYETSKIY, M.L.p inzb.; SAZHAYEV, vx., inzh.; SEVAS41JUOV, V.V., inzh,; FII-IPPOV$ S.F.r inzh.~ FR%IBERG, A.B.., inzh.; SHNEYEROV, M.S.3, inzh.; ERLIKH, G.M.t inzh.j VERKHOVSKIY, B.I.,, red.; ZUBKOV, G.A., red.; KARKLINA, T.O.p red.; OVCHARE24KO, Ye.Ya., red.; ANTONOV, B.I., ved. red. (New means of automatic and centralized control for nonfer- rous metal mines] Novye aredstva avtomatizatsil I dispetcher- skogo upravleniia dlia rudzdkov tovetnoi metallurgii. Moskva, Nedra,, 1965. 93 P. (MIRA 18:4) BRIJK, Bronislev Solwzomvich; BIRGER, G.I., red.; 14- mftl (Polarographic methodqj Poliarograflehankle motody. Pori obshchei red. N.N.Shumllovskogo. Moskva, Energila., 1965. 1-11 P. 19: 1) Saw KONKIN, A.A:I-BIRGIM G To (MUZM, V.A.; PAKSHVZR, A.B.; TSYMMOVA, M' N.F f-ie.G., takhn.red. [Synthetic fibers] Xhimiohookle volokna. Koskva, Goo.nauchno- takhn.izd-vo khim,llt-rys 1959. 50 p. (KMA 13:2) 1. Vaesoyuzuyy nauchno-inaledovatel'sidy inatitut iskaostvannogo volokna. (Textile fibers, Synthetic) oil All is oc A Eli r j -P F- IRV, 19, k2 IL cog 11 1 ~I g 0 gag I, Ir A P, r j'if hissi I 'I qaTill. no ;I jig r BIRGIR, G.Ye.- BORISOV, A.L. Prospects and basic trends in the development of the synthetic fiber industry from 1959 to 1965. 1rhim.volok. no.1:3-8 '59. (MIRA 12:8) 1. Veasoyuznyy nauchno-iseledovatel'skiy institut Iskusatennogo vololcm.(for Birger). 2. Gosudaretyennyy komitet Soveta Ministrov SSS11 Po khWi (for Borisov). (Textile fibers. Synthetic) BIRGER. G.Te. - Xhim-vololr-- World production of synthetic fibers In 1957 no.1:54-58 '59. (HIM 12:8) 1* Voesovuxrqy nauchno-lealedovatellakly inatitut Iskus- stvennogo volokpa Rextile fibers, Synthetic) BIRGIR, G.Te.; )IDTMVA, N,D. the economic efficiency of the maunfacture of acetate silk. Xhin.volok. no-308-60 159. (MMA 12:11) 1. VessoyusMy nauchno-looledovatellakly institut iskusetvannogo volokm (TS11T). (Rayon) BIRGIM. G.Ye.; IVAMVA, Ye.P. - 'Distribution and location of enterprisev of.srnthetic fibers in the U.S.S.R. Ilhin.volok. no*5:68-70 59, (WRA 13:4) 1. Vsesorusnyy nauohno-looledovatellskir institut lskusstvannogo volokum (VNIIV). ('rextile fibs", Synthatig) *.,-.. 11 BWM- GTe, - . - Preliminary data on the world production of synthetic fib,rs in 1958. Xhim.volok. no.5:70-72 '59. (MIRA 13:4) 1. Veasoy=W nauchno-insledovatellskiy institut Iskasstvennogo volokna (VNIIV). (Textile fibers, Synthetic) BIRGiM.G.Ye.; XATSMN,A.B., red.; GONCILARoVIN.G.o tokhn,red. (Manufacture of synthetic fibers and their U6851 Proizvod- stvo khimicheakikh volokon i ikh primenenie. Koskvq, V888- in-t nouchn. i takhn.informntnii, 1959. 25 p. (MIRA 14:5) (Textile fibers, Synthetic) I BIRIMR- 61n*,-4VASDVA, Ye,P.; XIRUNOVAt ,G.A.; KOCKMOV, L.K.; JJOVIXOVA, N.D.; PURUSOVA, GoA. labor productivity in synthetic fiber factories. Xhin.volok. no.1:40-43 160, (MIRA 13:6) 1, TessoyuszWy nauchno-Issledovatel'skly institut iskmeBtve=ogo volokmae (Textile fibers, Wnthstio) (Textile factories-labor productivitr) Man, ~~1141 Prellainmry data on the world production of synthetic fibers in 1959o Ibla,volok. w.3:68-0 16o. (=A 13:7) 1. TeemoyuXaff nauabno-iseledovatel'skiy inatitut iskusetvan- nogo volokas. (Textile fibers, Syntbetic) aft to r. tp 14 Me I Fli. iv I I 1 4 it ZIP I Pr i ;. I I . Fill ;[0 i I I I jail p 19 !,I BIRGIR, G.Te.; KIRS&MVA, G.A. L- R.Robson's book 'The mn-4ads fibres industry" reviewed by G,I,Dirger, G,A.Kireanovae Xhim.yolok. noo3:78-79 160o (KM 13:7) (Textile fibers Synthetic) (Robson. R. i - KONKIN, Aleksandr Arsonlyevich; Do=, QIOWv X2Z4R-QY-ich'-XAPLUNOVq A.S.v red.; FAV I I r 1 0. Yej. , tokhn.red, Caracle fibers] Chudesnyo volokma. Koskvao Izd-vo."zmauia,O 1961. 43 p. (Yeesolusnoo obshohostvo p'o ranprostrananiiu oli- tichookikh I nouchnfth snaulle Ser.10, Molodezhnnia. nio.33, (MIRA 14:3) (Textile fibers# ByAtbotio) 811831611000100110021006 B101/B205 AUTHORS: Konkin, A. A., Rogovina, A. A., Birger, G. Ye. TITLE: Present stage and prospects of tire cord production PERIODICAL: Khimicheskiye volokna, no. 1, 1961, 3-14 TEXT: This is a review of publications on the production of tire cord, which bases primarily on Western literature. In the Soviet Union, tire cord is produced-from cotton, viscose and oaprone fibers. As the Seven-year Plan (1959-1965) provides for a substantial increase of the production of viscose cord (2.8 times) and caprorroord (22 times), 91% of all tire cord will be made from synthetic fibers in 1965. The review is divided into five sec- tions: 1) Achievements in the field of viscose and polyamide cord produc- tion. This section bases chiefly on Western literature. 2) Physicomechani- cal properties of viscosel capronel and nylon cord. Besides several Western publications, mention is made of a paper by V. A. Kargin and a paper by M. B. Lytkina, Ye. Ya. Yaminskaya, V. F. Yevstratov, and Ye. V. Troshkina on impact tests: BX (M) cord withstood 50 impacts, cord "Super-super", 129, and caprone cord, 850. The optimum modulus and elongation have not yet Card 1/4 B11831611000100110021006 Present stage and ... B101/B205 been determined. Tests made by A. V. Motorina, A. A. Konkin, N. V. Mikhaylov,and others confirmed that the behavior of polyamide heated in an inert atmosphere differs from that heated in air. 3) Brief analysis of data on the testing and practical use of tires made from different types of cord. It is noted that the NIIShP (Scientific Research InsUtute- of the Tire Industry) has made several tests of tires which showed that caprone cord is best suited for the purpose. This is ascribed to the poor quality of viscose cord. 4) Technical and economic data on the use of viscose and polyamide cord. This section deals with an investigati6ncarried out by VNIIV (All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic Fibers) in cooperation with the Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry, in the course of which the highly stable cord no. 5.45/2/1 was compared with oaprone cord no. 10.7/2/1. Both types were assumed to have a lifetime of 63,000 km. When putting the cost of viscose cord as 100%, the following figures are obtained for caprone cord: Capital cost Creation of the raw-material basis .............. 13B Production of raw material and fiber ............ 142 Card 2/4 3/183/61/000/001/002/006 Present stage and BIOI/B205 Production of cord referred to a distance of 1000 km covered by the tire ....................... 96.7 Expenditure of work aeaded to produce the cord tissue ....................................... 116 Prime Cost Raw material ...................... s ............... 216 Cord tissue ................ 0 ....................... 181 Cord and rubber (per 1000 km) ..................... 101.8 The costs for sulfate cellulose and caprolactam were taken from planning figures. According to estimates of GIAP State Design and Scientific Re- search Institute of the Nitrogen Industry~ and of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic Fibers, the corresponding figures for anide fiber are 107% and 120%, respectively, when putting capital cost and prime cost of caprone cord fiber as 100%. The high price is due to the costs of AN"AG") salt. According to I. Ye. Krichevskiy and N. P. Fedorenko, -a price cut 'is possible by using non-aromatic starting materials, such as furfurol and butadiene- 5) Prospects of the use of other fibers in the production of tire cord. Reference is made to Western data on polyester, polyvinyl Card 3/4 S/183/61/000/001/002/006 Present stage and B101/B205 alcohol, polypropylenep and polyurethane fibers. The authors state that further research work would be necessary. They recommend caprone cord for the production of truck tires, and viscose cord for automobile tires. The development of caprone cord production intended in the Soviet Union does not exclude the production of nylon cord. V. L. Biderman and P. Kh. Drozhzhin are mentioned. There are 5 figures, 10 tables, and 53 references: 17 Soviet-bloc and 34 non-Soviet-bloo. ASSOCIATION: MTI (Moscow Textile Institute): A. A. Konkin VNIIV (All- Union Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic Fiber): A. A. Rogovina, G. Ye., Birger Card 4/4 BIRGERt O.Ye. World production of synthetic fibers In 1939. Kbin.voloic. no.3:50-53 161. (MM 14:6) 1. VaeaoyuzrWy nauobno-iseledovatellskiy institut iskusstvennogo volokna. (Textile fibers, Synthetic) .)i BIRGER, G.Ye.; KIRSANOVA, G.A* nL*c.ation of the synthetic fiber industry in the U.S.A." by -J.Airov. Reviewed by G.E.Birger, G.A.Kirsanova. Khim.volok. no-5:71-73 161. (MIRA 14:10) (United Stateo-Textile fiberop Synthetic) (Airovp J.) 40wr BIF&Mv G.Ie. "111~ - Vorld production of synthetic fibers in 19W. Maz.volok. no.2s2-9 162. (MMA 15:4) lo Vaesoymyy nauohno-issledovatel'skiy inatitut iskusstvannogo voloknae (Textile fibers., Synthetic) 1YANWA., lp. P.; KMANOVAO 0. A. DMIGU,, -P PrOSPOON f0r,the &Nil 10 - t of the production an& of mi~M6 kibere. PAP114aaka- no.6t2-6 162. (MM 1611) 1. VBO*Vyb2ro7 Ubobno-Ispledantell6kiy inatitut iskasetwen- nogo volakna, (textile fibers, Synthetic) BIRGER, G.Ye,, kand,ekonom.naukl SAVINSKIY, E.S., kand.ekonom.nauk; -,c ---~ ~DO WO, N.P., doktor ekonom.neuk Development of the production of synthetic polymer materials in capitalist countries. Zhur.VKHO 7 no.2s2l2-216 162. (MIRA 15:4) (Polymers) PIRGERl Me. _ World produation of aaa-made fibers during 1961. Khia.volok. no.21l-4 163. (MIRA 16%5) 1. VessoyuwW naualmo-issladovatellakiy institut iskusetvennogo volokna. (Textile fibers, Synthetic) I' rH I NI - V d 1- 0 K , -)t,, ~, g - ( , E- - L, f .BIRM. O.Ye.[deoeased); IVANOVA, Ye.P.; MOVIKOVA, A.V.; AIUIOLIDOVA, U.N.; -L~OTA Tr. I. ; ZOLKMA t H. S. Use economically the raw materials in the production of viscose fibers* Xhiz-volok-no,5s65-68 164. (MIPA 17t.10) 1. Vossoyuznyy nauchno-iraledovatellskiy institut isk-asstvennogo volokna. KOTOMEN, A., BIRGjR, I., TxMVAyA, R.P., redaktor; XRASHOINEKOVA, V.P., MMKIMM redaktor. (Builders of hydroelectric power plants] GidrostroeTtsy; ramskazy peredovykh ltudel Staliv4gradgidrostroia. Stalingrad, obl. im-vo, 1952. 73 P. (MLRA 8:8) (Hydroelectric power stations) SDMBDV. A.; BIRGXR. I * vvm~~ A uniform gdide for the stanUrdization of time and automobile repair estimates is necessu7* Avt.tranap. 32 no,12:27 D 154. (MLU 8:3) 1, Stalingradgilrostroye (Automobiles-Repairing) I. Birger , Krupneyshgya v mire; k iatorii sozdaniya Volzhokoy GM imeni XXII S" yezda IKPSS (by) M.A. Wdn (1) 1. Birgere Pod. redo S.R* Medvedeva. Moskvaj Sotsekgiz., 1962. 225 po Muse., portse Bibliographical footnotes* 33IRM, 1. A., Ingineer "Strength Calculation of Screw Threads." Sub 2D 7eb 47, Central Bel Res Inat of Aircraft Engine Building (TsIAM) Dissertations presented for degrees in science and engineering in Moscow in 1947 SO: Sum Ito. 457, 18 Apr 55 BIRGER, I. A. "Reserves of Strength at Variable Stresses. Yestulk Mashinostroyeniya wo. 6., (1948) BIRGER, I. A. Technology Calculation of threaded couplings (Moskva?), Oborongiz, 1951. BIRGER, I.A. Elasticity one error In Timoshenko"s text on the theory of elasticity Insh. sbor, 10, 1951 - KINASOSITIM, R. S.; BIRGER, I. A. Strains and Stresses Once more about the margin of strength in variable stresses. Vest. maBh. 33, No. 2, 1953- Monthly List of Russian Accessiones Library of Congnss, June 1953. UNCLASSIFIED. BIRGER, 1. A., Cand Tech Sci "The Structural Methanics of Turbines." Dr Tech Sci, (Scientific Council of the) Central Sci-Res Inst of Aircraft Engine Building iment P. L Baranov, 22 Nov 54. VM 1, 21 Nov 54) Survey of Scientific ard Technical Dissertations Defended at USSR Higher Educational Institutions (U) SO: Sum. No. 521, 2 Jun 55 -USSR/Engineering Structural analysis Card 1/1 : Pub. 128 - 3138 Authors : Birger., I, A6~ Title 3 Ccmiparison of failure theories for fatifue strength criteria periodical -. Vest. mash. 9., 14-20., Sep 1954 Abstract t The fatigue strength under combined stresses, especially noimml and she-ar stresses --hich vary asy=etrically, were considered. Various theories of failure were applied to the cases of pure tension., pum torsion., alternating flexure and constant, torsionp alternating torsion and constant flexure., alternating torsion and bi-a~dal constant tension and compression. The advantages and drawbacks of each of the five theories discussed are pointed out. Seven USSR references (1938-1954),, Graphs, Institution : Submitted : AWSHITS. I.Ya... kwAidat tokhnichasklkb nauk; BABXIN, S.I., k-Aftii takhnichookikh nauk-, BALAKSHIN, B.S., doktor tekhnicheakikb asuk, professor; MffSIILIKAV, R.D.. inshener; BWAYXF, Y.H., kwAidat tekhnichasklkh mank; BIMIEL. N.1., Inshener: DIRGIR : I.A., doktor tekhnichaskikh nauk; BOGIUSLLVSKIT, YU.N., ka"al"t-lelmul- cbeskikb imuk; WADVICH, L.S., kandidat takhnicbeekikh usuk; GONIUMG, Tu.K., lashener-, GORDON, T.O., professor; GDBDDZ?Mx. 1. Ye., doktor tekhnicheakikh nank, professor; GROVAN, M.S.. inshener; DIM, Ta.l.. kandidat takhnicheskikb nauk; DDSCHATOT. T.Y., insbaner; IVANOT, A.Gi, karididat takhnichaskikh nauk; KINASOSMLI, R.S., doktor takhnichaskikh nauk.- professor; KRU- TIKOV, I.P., kandidat tekbnicheskikh nauk; LIMSON, Ye.K.. tnsbzner; HWRIN. I.T. insbaner; URTMI. A.D., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk,- NIBMG, N.Ta.0 kandidat tekbnIcheekikb nank; NIXOLATW, G.A., doktor takhnicheakikh nauk, professor; PITRWW- VICH, A.I., doktor tokhnicheaUkh nauk; POZDWAIOT. S.N., dotment; PONOMARN, S.D.. doktor tokhulchesklkh naak, professor; PADNIN, B.A. kandidat takhnichosklkh nauk; RESH]WOV, D.F., dolctor tekhni- chealilkh mm , proreasor-, SA 1. II.A.. doktor tokhaicbeskikh nauk, professor; SD(MY, F.F., kwAldat tokhuicheskikh nauk; SrDBODKIK. M.S., lashener; SPITSTN, N.A., doktor takhnicheskikh nauk, professor; STOLBIN, G.B., kandidat takhnicheakikh nank; TAYTS, B.A., doktor tekbnlcb*&kM nauk; CHIMSHN. H.A.. kwAl- dat takhnicbesk!Lkh nauk-, SHINWIMVIM. R.H., Imndidat tekbni- (Continued on next card) ALISHITS, I.Ta.. keadidat takhnicheakikh nauk (and others) ...... 9 Card 2, chesklkb nauk, XTDINDV. T.Ta., kandidat takhnicbeekikb muk; WIIKH, L.B., kandidat takhniebaskikh nauk; ACHOM. N.S.. doktor tWhnichesklkh nauk, profeasor. redaktor; K&MS. K.Te.. inshener, redaktor; URGARDY, T.G., inshenar, redaktor; SOKOWTA, T.F., tokhnichaskly redaktor, (Mechanical engineer's, manual; in 6 volume] Spravochnik mabino- strottelia; y shesti tomakh. Ixd.2-e. ispr. i dop. Moskva, Gos. nauchno-tfjkhn.ixd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry, Vol.4, 1955. 851 P. (Mechanical engineering) (MLRA 8: 12) -I- 5A~ -n M" A-'a. SAl M 0 5~ HEWER, Isaak Aronovich Academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences based on his defense, 22 November 195ho in the Council of the Central Sci-Res Inat of Aircraft Motor-Conatruction imeni. Baranov, of his dissertation entitled: "Construction Mechanics of TurbDdynalivs". Academic degree and/or title: Doctor of Sciences SO: Decisions of VAK, List no. 9, 16 April 55,, BvuUeten' MM SSSR., No. lb., Jul.56, Moscow, pp 4-22, Uncl. JPRS/NY-b29 BABY 111.) kandidat telchnicbeakikh nauir: BisLAX;3HIN. B.S., Drofesvor, doktor tokhnichookikh mauk; BZTZXLIKAN, R.D., inzbener; BELTATIV. V.N., kandidat takhnicbeakikh nauk; BIRWR I JA kandiclat tekhni- chookikh nauk-, BOGUSlAVSKIY, ?.Togo iiw&ar-?we9niceskikh nauk; BOROUGH, L.S., kandiclat takhnicbeekikh nauk-, VOLIKIR, A.S~.. professor, doktor tokhatchoskikh nouir-, GOHMVRG, YuA, inthener; GCRODXTSICIY. I.Ye., professor, doktor takhnicheakikh nauk- GORDON, V-0.. professor; DIMMEW. F.M., karAidat tskhnicheski;~ nault-, DOSCHATOV. V-V-. inzheter, IVAHOV. A.G., kandidat takhnicheskikh nauk; KIIIASMVILI. R.S., professor; XODWIR, D.S., kandidet takhni- cheakikh nauk; KOU)MITTSET. A.A., kandidat tokhnicbeekikh aauk: OUTIKOY, I.?., kandidat tokhulcheskikh asuk; KUSHULI, Y.Ta., kondl- dat takhniehookikh nouk-, LUANSON, YaX, lushener-, NAZYRIN, I.V., inshen*r; MALININ. E.g., Icandidat tekhnichookikh fouk-, HAV.YNOV. A.D.. kandidat tekhulchenklkh nauk--. NIBA2G, H.Ya., Icandidat tekhnichookikh nauk, NIKOIA72V. 0.A., professor, doktor telkhaicbeekikh aaak, PETRUSSTICH. A.L. doktor tekbn1chaskikh neuk; POZDNYAKOV, S.N., dotsent; PMMMIT, S.D., professor, d6ktor tokhnicheakikh nouk; PRIOMOVS11y, R.I., professor. doktor takhnichaskikh neuk: PROKIN. B.A., )mndidat teftnichaskikh usuk; RUSIMTOV. D.N.. professor, doktor tokhnichookikh usuk; SATICLI, B.A., professor, doktor tekhnicheEkikh usuk; SOANM, S.V.; SLOBODKIN. M.S., inzhener-, SPITSYN. N.A., professor, doktor takhnicheakikh nauk; STOLBIN, G.B., kandiebt tokhnicheektkh rAuk-. TATTS. B.A.. kandist talrhnicheskikb nauk-, TETELOBAUR, I.M., kandUat tekhnichesklkh nauk; UNANSKIY. A.A.. professori doktor ta"atchaskikh nauk; FBODOSITEV. V.1., professor, dcjktor tekhnicheskfth natxlc; (Contimed on next card) BABIKIN. B. I. --- (continued) Ca rd 2 IOUYT. D.H., kandidat tekhnicbeFikikh rauk-, &TUBCV, V.yz:.. ,:ardidat tekbnicbeekikh nauk; SHRAYBM, X.Y.. Inshener, is?--zhrvv radsh-tcr.- .SEP~DV, V.S., )mneil9t takhnicheakikti naul-, nwic'i.-Wy redaktor, TSVETKOV, A.P.. detsont, nAucbnyy redaktor; SLEZIKOV. ~,.I, in2hener. asuchWy redektor; MARK-US. H-Te.. inzhener, nn-,-.thnvv redRktor. X&MANOV. V.0., Inzhentir, neachVy reduktor. ACHE16(2,11-, N.S., dektor tekhaicheakikh nauk, proffessor. radaLqor, T.F.. telkhniche- skiy redaktor (Hn)-.ual of machivery nanufacturel Sprw,--~Hr 'nik v trek-h touiakb. Motkvs, Uosmauchno-ifilchn.i.714-vo msshinontroit.. lit-ry. Vol.3. 1051 10913 o. 10: 9) 1. Daystvitell w7%- cn1pn Akndemii nnul, U,~it'R (f cr Serenserl) ( 9A J, I ne,.- ) BI Vibratiom of rings with attached manes. Insh.sbor. 24:17-23 156. OU" 10:5) (Vibration) (Strains and stresses) MW I BOOK EUWMTMN 871 BelMev, V. N... Candidate of Technical Sciences; Birger. I. A., Doctor qf Technical Sciences; Demidov, So P., Candidate of hM,CaZ-$~i-ences; 6rotkoV. V. P.0 Candidate of Technical Sciences; MAryavt4sav, Ve No,, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; Hartynov, A, Do) Candidate of Technical Sciences; Ribergs No yaq., Candidate of Technical Sciencesj Ponoviarov, So Do,, Doctor of Teabnioal Sciences, Professor; Pronin., B. A.9 Candidate of Scimical Sciences; Pashp V. No., Candidate of Technical Sciences; Sleznikov, Go Ioj, IkWneer; Stolbin, Go B.., Cazxudate of Technical Sciancesi Taytoo B,,A,, Doctor of Technical Sciences Spravochnik metallista. to 2 (Metals Engineering Handbook. v. 2) Moscow, Masbidz.. 1958. 974 p. 100,,000 copies printed. Chern&VSkjy', So A.L. Edo(title page): , Cai%didate of Technical Scientesp A. (inside book): Markus, No Ye,, Engineer (dece"ed); Tech. Ed.: Sokolovs., !r. F.; Editorial Board of the set: Acherken .. No So, Doctor of Technical Sciences., Professor, Chairman of the Board and Chief Ed..; Vladislavlev,, V. S. (deceased); Malov,, At No; PozdMiLkov, So No; Rostovykh., A. Ya.; Stolbin, Go B.; and ChernavWdy, So A. PURPOSE: The book is intended for technicians and engineers working in the field of machine design and in production, Card 1/19 TO, ........ .. . . . . . . . . . . 5r~ AUTHOR: Shneyderovich, R. M, (Moscow) TITLE: Elasto-Plastic Bending of Bars and Systems of Bars (Uprugo-plasticheskiy izgib sterzhney i sterzhnevykh sistem) PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR Otdeleniye Tekhnicheskikh Nauk, 1958, Nr 3, Pp 130-134 (UShR) ABSTRACT: The relations between the stress and deformation compon- ents can be stated in relative co-ordinates referred to the yield point values. With this notation, the relations of the elastic region can be used in the plastic region, accept- ing variable elastic properties. This method, introduced by 13-irr "Certain General Methods for the Solution of Pr0obe2_e'ms_Xdn_'t'h(e Theory of Plasticity" , Prikl. Mat. i 1,1ekh. 1951, Issue 6), reduces elasto-plastic problems to those of pure elasticity if the variable factors are known. These factors can be presented in families of curves. such as Fig.1 for the bending of round bars. The stress distribution over the cross-section is considered and formulae are given replacing the Mohr-Maxwell displacement formulae in energy theorems for the case of elasto-plastic deformation. These formulae are used for statically indeterminate systems of which an example is treated, narnely a chain link with a central bridge. Card 1/2There are 6 figures, including 5 graphs, and 6 Soviet refer- 24-58-3-21/38 I Elasto-Plastic Bending of Bars and Systems of Bars. ences. SUBMITTED: November 14, 195?11 Card 2/2 1. Bars --Deforma tion 2. IN-arti-, l)*t-rc,-,-,,,1!j 3. Pero -AlAlfltioity 1" P Are 1.otl, , wilplit) TZIMRf .... Conference an Sustained Static Strength of Tarbics Components Workiz* at High To&peratures (SOYo&bcha4Liy* po,,_ autealool statichookoy prochaosti detaley turbasashin, robota,yushchikh pri vysok:oy temperature) FXR1DATCA&s XsTestiya Akad~&Li Nauk SSS2 Otdolexiyo Takhalchookikh Sauk, 1958, Mr s, pp 149 - 1!;o (USU) ABSTRACTs the Commission an the Strength of Gas Turbines from the IngtitUt agirh-jkl AX SM (Institute of Mechanics of the Ac.Sc.USSR) (Chairman - To.$. Babotnov) wA the btremgth Section of the la-1-m ad Technical Committee an Turblue Vomstruction (Chairman - V.I. Naumov) bold a conference during fiqjs&~or 20-22, 1217 on the sustained static scrIngth of i4rbins components Working at high temperature. The CoAfersoze was opened by on introductory speech by the -h-4 son of the l4aingrad Uch-1col Committee on .1aftLas Construction, B.A. Lantor. _Yftleg (Institute of Metallurgy, Ac.Sc. thojager by Jjj Of I Structur hoary of Creep" contained an account author's theory. Cardl/7 T.RE IT&DO -norAi _AM& _ve and L.r. --u-(1Aat1tut motalluxull San - zmtitut* of Metallurgy of the Ac.sc.0532) in the igg 'Mrporlsontal Investigation of Some Aspects of the ry of Structural Creep" described restate doxwboroting aspects of 0ding's theory. L.A. ZUSn&t=V fI&TAkiv Z.t&llIebA2kiT Z"Od Is. rfinluft the Field cf Statio.Strongth of Turbine Components Working at Righ Tox;era*ure dweit an date Obtained In LoUni;wd Industrial undartskiAgs Indle-atize the need for further Improvement in do I and . tional procedure. The beal. 1: the ecn&~Pc' ,=b1.. author's opinion Is not so much the tigition of the stresses In lailvIdual =anent* as 'the invostig"Lon Of the limiting states of constructions. The author also, noted the need for Wmarimental. In7ostigation. of model rotors. disks and frameworks of Iturblass and suggested setting beforo the Be ramont the question of organising such an &sxeabZj in :50 of the factories with complete centralization and O-Ordinstion of work In Uls direction. The author criticised the inadmissible unplanned work Losing place at %he present tiow In *xtensom*try, when sacL ondert&kir,~; must Itself solve problems relating to eaugo, ceserta for them. methods of tooting and appropriate ap;sratus. IAU) presented a paper on 'Standards of WN19-.1 2T.IN nts at High Temperature&. A.ZA-DIre-ran TalillTWASO go 0 paper on *Uperizental airestig*tiou or the Bearing C:14.11ty of Disks' N.A. Koren' (Ia=in&rodskiy motallicheskiy savod iz. Retal Factory ireal Stalin) In tL* P&pir .ALPIA"tus for Testing Sustained Strength of Sao# Turbine Btator Components" dealt with iters of4quipcent constructed at his factory for Investigating tho stress state in a number of cczpon*ntss disphroems, pin coarections, e-c V.S. Xamesfr.!ic4,, (L i lookovokiy gOsud*rstvennyy univers-I.. 1708C s-T#--M*,qr4ItY) gave a paper on 'Crq,p of Rest- resistant Alloys at High Temperature'. The &---ttor described ,!2*rizents, Investigations on tLe t~ehsviour of tL4 stools ;x 57 and ST-405 under conditions of complex stress &ad Card3/7 high steady temperature BIRUR, I.A* (Moskva) Method for solving Integral equations associated with high parameter values. PrIkl,wtt# I makh., 9-2 no*6:808-809 NZ 118m (MIR& 11:12) (integral equations) 16(i);26(ifi) PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/2364 Birger, Isaak Aronovich Variatsionnyye metody v stroltellnoy mekhanike turbomashin (Variational Methods in Structural Mechanics of Turbomachinery) [n.p.) Oborongiz, 1959. 27 p. 2,850 copies printed. Ed.: Yu. 1. Korostelev, Ingineerj Ed. of Publishing House: S.I. Vinogradekaya; Tech. Ed.: L.A. Garnukhina. PURPOSE: This.booklet is intended for engineers dealing with problems of strength and .'-- dynamics of gas and steam turbines, axial compressors, and other turbomachinery. COVERAGE: The author presents general principles of variational methods and describes their application to the problems of strength and dynamics of turbomachinery. Use of variational methods In the analysis of bending, -vibration, and torsion of blades and disks is discussed. No personalities are mentioned. There are 13 references, all Soviet. Card 1/ 3 Variati,onal Methods in Structural (Cont.) SOV/2364 Origin of possible changes in stress conditions 25 Survey of Literature Bibliography AVAILABLE: Library of Congress Card 3/3 27 28 GO/ec 10-9-59 A Qyi h- KOLOIIIYTSW, A.A., doktor takhn.nauk, retsenzent M a deceasedj; LHUlAmr,14.I., inzh., red.; BOGCKOLOVA, H.F., isdat. red.; ZUDAKIN, I.H., tekhn.red. (Gal~ulation of threaded joints] Raschet rezlbovykh soodinenii. lzd.2.9 perer. i dop. Moskva, Gos.izd-vo obor.promysh'loo 19599 251 p. (KIRA-12:12) (Sorew threads) 25(2) PME I BOOK ECFWITATION SOV13096 I~i~ , B.F. Shorr, and R.M. Shneyderovich Raschet na. prochnost' detaley mashin; spravochnoye posobiye dlys. konstruktorov (Design of Machine Parts for Strength; Manual for Designers) Moscow, Mashgiz, 1959. 459 p, Errata slip inserted, 25,000 copies printed. General Ed.: I.A. Birger, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; Reviewer: N.P. Dorogov., Enidn Ed.: N.V. Manakin, Engineer; Managing Ed, for Reference Literature: I,M. Monastyrskiyp Engineer; Tech. Ed.: A.F. Uvarova. PMIPOSE.- This manual is intended for engineers and designers. COVERAO: The book deals vith practical methods of designing parts and. units of machines for strength and vibration resistance. Special attention is given to threaded joints, tooth gearing, parts of turbines, and piston engines. Formulas for determining stresses in struts, ~tkin plates,, and shelves are presented. No personalities are mentioned. Card 1/14 PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATZON SOV/5972 Birgerp Isaak Aronovich Kruglyye plastinki i obolochki vrashcheniya (circular Plates and Shells of Revolution-).Koscow, Oborongizp 1961. 367 P. Errata slip inserted. '3275 copies printed. Ed.: Yu.G. Zakharov,, Candidate of Technical Sciences; Ed. of Publishing House: N. A. Ageycheva; Tech. Ed.: A. Ya. Novik; Managing Ed.: A. S. Zaymovskaya. PURPOSE: This book Is intended for structural engineers and scientific research workers concerned with problems of the strength of plates and shells. COVERAGE: The book is con6erned primarily with the analysis of Seneral problems of symmetrical, structurally orthotropic circular plates and shells of revolution with closely spaced stiffeners. Particular attention is given to the design of plates and shells for strength under conditions Card 1/0 Circular Plates and Shells of Revolution SOV/5972 of nonuniform heating, The elasticity parameters of the shell (plate) are assumed to be variable. In many ca3eaF the calculation methods Involve the use of "Ural" and uStrelau computers. Problems of the linear.stability and vibrations of cylindrical shells are also discussed. No personalities are mentioned. There are 86 references: 78 Soviet (including 4 translations)p 6 English, and 2 German. TABLE 0 " ONTENTS: Introduction"'~ 3 Ch. I. Circular tes a 5 ?Mq 11:;d " 1. Tension of Icben-di~ platers (disks) (disk3) A 2. Tension.and _g of circular plates 3. Tension and bendin",,,~circular plates undei, large deflections 72 Ch. II. Structurally Orthotropit*-,_Cylindrical Shells 100 Card 2/5 1S 39371 S/572/61/000/007/003/006 Liz v o D221/D302 AUTHORt Birger, LA., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor TITLE: Unevenly heated beams with variable strength parameters SOURM Raschety na prochnost'; teoreticheskiye i eksperimentallnyye iseledovaniya proohnosti mashinostroitellnykh konstruktsiy. Sbornik statey no- 7, 1961, 76 - 109 TEXT: The author considers the approximate theory of variable see-- tion beams which have changing strength parameters and are subject to exter- nal forces and uneven heating. On the basis of the hypothesis of plane sec- tions , the displacement of an arbitrary point along the axis is analysed. It is assumed that no transversal normal stresses are present. After some mathematical elaboration M M E + y _--i- - x Y - + S EdF S Ey2dF Ex2dF F F F Card 1/5 Vnevenly heated beams with . I BatdF S EatydF + E F F 2 + x 3 EdF S Ey d'F F F 30372 S/572/61/000/007/003/006 D221/D302 I EatxdP F at I Ex-dF (15) F for the stress is deduced. in which the first part expresses stresses due to external 1,,&d, and the second - the temperature stresses. In the next item, axes, x and y are determined in the usual manner, and an arbitrary system,x2y2, Is chosen. This determines the reduced center of gravity of the section in the system. The extreme conditions at the end of beam are defined by Saint-Venant, i.e. the stresses have the same vector and main torque as the system of e- xternal forces-The use of Eq. (15) is illustra-- ted by a rr-=erical example. In the calculation of variable section beams it is assumed that the normal stresses are determined by Eq, (15) if all. parameters are referred to the given section. This provides sufficient accuracy. The tangent stresses in the beam are assessed by the condition of equilibrium of its element. An equation is deduced which is compared Card 2/ 5 30372 S/57 61/000/007/003/006 Uneven-ly heated beams with ... D221 YD302 to the exDression of stress in a beam with constant modulus of elastivityt, and the latter is acceptable for practical purposes. When the normal for- ce is zero, then a simplified-form is obtained, whose first member repre- sents the tangent stress in the-section of a prismatic beam, whereas the second member takes into account the effect of variable section. This is followed by an analysis of distributed forces, including those that are parallel to the axis, and also cases of tangent stresses due to bending of thin-valled beams. The evaluation of errors in the case of an approxi- mate ~solu-Oon ts given in the example of bending and tension of a wedge. In. the approximate theory of beams, the stress is disregarded. The author quotes equations for bending due to torquey and also bending of a wedge by a concentrated forcet followed by the instance of distributed load. The comparative tabulated results indicate that the errer of the ap.- proximate solution increases with greater angles v although it is ac- ceptable in the majority of cases. The method of Saint-Venant is also ap- plied irl. t1ae problem of beam torsion, where the mathematical analysis pro- .udes :r, x - dF C (25) M, to Zy zx F Card 3/ 5, 303?2 8/572/61/000/007/003/006 UrteverGy heated beams with D221/D302 for the torque (C is the rigidit of the beam). The solution can be obtai- ned v~th the function of stress $ (X9Y). The simple problem of torsi.,)-ti of a round Ehaft with axial symmetry distribution of the modulus of olas*111~1- ~y is Uhtn discussad. It is followed by an example of an elongated rectan. g1le *eO-ion beam,, The analysis provides the expressions for the normal atr-. i,oon whkh comprise the stresses due to ten9ion and bending as wela us -lie r)crmal. siresk cf strained torsion. Tangent stresses di-i.;tributed ""..near- y along the wall are produced in the seetion of the beam. In this (,see the ceater of torsion coincIdes vith that of s-fiffness. Curved begns are 'hen conaldered. When the--r curvature is small then, the relatt,)nabip that were established, for straight axis beams may be used. The authir~,r aralyze~ b-?S-mi -jitl, largqr curvature and symmetrioal cross section. T~~ deterni.ne the tangent streeses, consideration is given to the zondition of equili- b--i-i-m ctf a sepaxated part of beam element. When the radlua of cnarvature te-nda to ~.nfinlty, then the equation of stress for this case coi-nc.1des with tkiat for-a beam without distributed forces. The axial symmetry defcrm-at,4-_-,t of rlngs., subject to distributed loads and t.:~rques and with symmetrIca-1 distr~.bution of tem-6erature and stre-ne.h parameters is analyzed. Th-is asau- Card 4/5 30372 B/572/61/000/007/003/006 Unevenly heated beam& with D221/D302 med that the cross section of the ring is not distorted. An instance when the cross seotion of the ring is small in relation to the radius is consi- dered. Finally, to calculate the work of beams in the elastic and plastic stage, use Js made of the me-thod of variable parameters of strengtho The assumption of incompressibility of material simplifies the computation.. An- other'method quoted is based on successive approximations which is in good agreement with the practice concerning beams, discs and cylindrical shells. There-are 31 figures, 2 tables and 4 Soviet-bloc references. Card 5/5 30373 B/572/61/000/007/004/006 24 Z/01b Y111 D221/D302 AUTHOR: Birger, I.A., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor TITLEs Calculating flexural ring springs SOURCEs Raschety na prochnost'; teoreticheskiye i eksperimentallnyye issledovaniya. prochnosti mashinostroitellnykh konstruktsiy. Sbornik statey. no- 7, 1961, 110 - 121 TEXTt It is assumed that the spring has n slots in each section, and therefore, an angle of 'Zot - 2TI/n corresponds to each slot.(Fig- 3) The cross section of the ring is considered as small in relation to its radius, and thus usual methods of calculation are applied. Due to symmetry, the section of ring containing angle Ok is analyzed, and is separated by planes passing through A and C. The arbitrary section being discussed is determined by angle CP counted from the base radius OA. !~ (1 - Cos (3) M,XP'f Mu3 (0) s'n ef + 2n. Card 1/4 30373 S/572/61/000/007/004/006 Calculating flexural D221/D302 defines the bending moment. The ratio of maxima of the torsion and bending moments is Mt Max. tg tg qr . This ratio decreases when n Mb max 4n goes up. The most critical section of the ring must be calculated. The ab- ove is indicated for various cases. The contraction of the ring is deter- mined by the i;heorem of Castiglione. The contraction Is equal. to the dis- placement of point B in relation to the straight line that connects A an4 C. When the section of spring contains i rings, then the contraction is 49 but the effort taken up by the former is iP. If the spring has several sec- tions, then the total contracti.-.~n is equal to the sum of contractions of the ipdividual sections. In the case of a spring with conneoted rings the bridge pieces are considered as being rigid. At the supporting points, concentrated loads and torques, M,, (Fig. 8) are applied. A section ir- cluded by angle W is separated. Both bending and torsion moments may act in the end seotions. The analysis brings out the coefficients 1-, 7.1 and ~- . The value of the coefficient for a ring with reotangular section and two slote in each section (Tt Al-) 1.9 0.22 4 X 4, 0.42. When the latter magni- Card 2/4 Calculating flexural ... 9/572/6i/M~~/604/0* D221/D302 tude is found# then Ahe bending and torsion moments can be computed. The comparison of curves of these moments reveals that the critical section in ~ connected ring rises sharply when compared to free rings. In the case of ~ ring section with large stiffness on bending, the contraction of spring is determined by its torsional rigidity. Finally, a comparison is made bet- ween the ring springs and the usual coiled helical units, and a numerical example is quoted, This demonstrates that the cylindrical slotted spring possesses a markedly larger carrying capacity than the helical spring of the same overall dimensionst but its deflexion is considerably lower. The compliance of free-ring spring can be increased by the choice of the lat- ter's section. There are 11 figures, 1-table and,2,references. 1 Soviet- bloc and 1 non-Soviet-bloc. P- I Legend to Fig. 31 The diagram for calculating'a free ring. Card 3/4 P n C