SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BLANTER, M.Y. - BLANUSA, D.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000205510003-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 22, 2000
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

SOV/129-59-1-3/17
AUTHORS: e. Do-tor of Ter;hrical S%iences. Professor
and Mashkov, A.K., Engineer
TITIR: Anomalous Changes in the Properties of Alloys During
Phase Tran!~,formations (AnomalInne izmeneniZa svoystv
splav~)v v protseSBe fa-.-ovvkh prevrash-lheniy)
PERIODICAL: Metalll-~--,-edeniye i Termichesksja Obrabotka
Metallov,
2.959, Nr 1, PP 6 -- 10 (USSR)
ABSTRACT; It follcwa from general cc~nalderations that some
atoms
of an allcq which participate in the process of phase
tranefornation are in a partianlar state in which the
tran fc:~ of atoms fvam one crystal lattice to another is
probably a-ccmpanied by a temporary weakeuing of the
inter-atimia bond forces. This should bring about an
an)malius ohange of a number of phloico-chemical and
meehaxical properties of t4e alloys and if these changes
are cf suMnient magnitude , they can be detected by
known methoda of iviestigation. These anomalous effects
will apparently be of a different nature than the increase
in duotility during hardening and tempering of steel which
was cbserved earlier by Kayushnikov, F.Ya. (Ref 1) and
has al9c been investigated by Vorob'yey (Ref 2) and
Cardl/4 Golldenberg (Ref 3). Obviously, an orientated
decompositioa

SOV/129-59-1-3/19
Anomalous Changes in the Properties of Alloys During'Fhass
Transformaticz,a
and directforijI diffusion cannot bria,:,- i1out ahomalous
changes of suoh propertioa as the elect.--*L%-,- ~;onductivity
for instance. The aim of the work described in this
paper was to establish the presence cf similar effects
in the -hangeo of the eleatric resistance and resistance
to plasti,,, deformaticn. For this purpose, the kinetics
of the phase transformations cf the investigated alloys
were stud.i.ed first'. and from the obtained kinet.-ic
diagrams,
thermal regimes were determined which are suitable for
stu,.Ving the nharaeter of the pr-)1;erty !changes. The
ar-oma,ous --hanges in the electric resistance during phase
transforme.tio= were i-n7estigated on a ateel containing
9.13% or) 0.02% C, 0.16% Mn and 0.19% Si. The determined
diagram of the icathermal transformation o"L' the alloy is
graplied in Fig-are 1 P 7. 3 mm dia, .7,0 = long apecimens
were Rusteniaed a-i': 400 z"C (the Ae3 range was 815 to 850
"0)
with a holding time of 5 min. In ir.'S-:xe 2, the change in
the specifi-ft elaztric resistante during the phase trans-
formation and the curves of isothermal transformation at
Card2/4 615 0 ax-a graphed. In Fig-are 3, -che .2hange is
graphed

SOV /1' 19
Anomalous Waargez iL. the Prcp~?rties of Al --,cyz 1),-,rirLg
PLase
Transformations
of the speed cf transformaticn, the -?16-,tri~ r,,onductivity
and the degree of tranaformataon during vothe~mal
sr~r,!!alirz at 615 OU. The -,ozrelation tetw.Een the speed of
tranaf,)rmation &nd tha jhagi!Studit of the anc-ma-lo-As
increase
in e-lec~tri-:~ aondvr.,,tJ.7'6ty -4R graphed in V-guri~ 4. The
anomalcus change of "She resisiCance Iwo plastl- deformation
during phau? traneformatioik was studied by measuring the
hardm-se,s cf P-n al4lty containing 0.06% Cv, 22.1~,% Ni, 2.52%
Mn,
O.C.147,)% S1. The dlagr"r of isztherma-' trh~~4formation of
a",;.stenits and maxt;-r-site fo- this all-:j IL% gzaphed in
Figure 5. The shange in t,,ae hardness of austenite-
mar~
Sn:4ite mL-xture during iecthernal transfor=&tion (at
C) Is graphal in Figure E5. It waa that during
phase trArxf-,zn-tion', anvomaloua :~haugei, took pla--e in the
elet~trie .-.vndactivity and the resi8tar-ce cf the material.
to plastie,- de--lormation. These anomalcris changba
(appreciable
in,--rease cf the elect'ric -zanductivity and decrease of the
realstarnc-;~ to p-1-gati^. deformaticn) coAncid;e withtbeperiod
of inten.3ive transfurmaIicz. These anomalous
Card3/4 -.-Iaangee -4ndl-~ate thaT, the metallic R-l.!-.)ys
Fire in a particular

SOV/129-59-1-3/17
Anomalous Changes in the Properties Of A-21OYB Daring Phase
Tr*ansf o=mat ions
state during phase tr9-nnfo=-mation.,i. These ar-:,~)malaus
charges in 'he properties are characterized by a
weakening of the interatomic bonds and an ac-celeration
of the pro,.eeses of plastic deformation and electron
transfer. Therefore, it is necessarl to treat with
caut-146on resistan--e ourves determined during the process
of transformation%before the state of the alloy has been
stabilised by hardening. There are 6 figures and
4 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: za-.chnyy maBhinostroitellnyy institut
(A-11-Union Correspondence Engineering Institute)
Card 4/4

sov/180-59-3-13/43
AUTHORS: Blanter, M.Ye. and Kuznetsovq L.I. (Moscow. Omsk)
TITLE: The Connection between Softening During Removal of Cold
Work and Temperature Softening of Nickel Alloys
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akadem-'! nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye
tekhnicheakikh
nauk, Metallurgiya i toplivo, 1959, Nr 3, PP 75-82 (USSR)
ABSTRACTz The two processes of softening appear, at first
glance, to
be unconnected processes. Alloys tested were binary
alloys of nickel with molybdenum, chromium, tungsten,
titanium, cobalt and aluminium. Chemical compositions are
given in the table. The degree of softening was followed
by measuring hardness at various stages. Samples were
given 5, 10, 25 and 38% deformation and heated to various
temperatures. The temperature of half-softening was
measured,i.e. the temperature at which the hardness was
the arithmetic mean of the cold wovked and the unworked
iiaterial. Fig 1 shown the effect of alloying content
on the half-softened temperature. With 5% deformation,
Wo Mo and Cr have the greatest effect. At higher degrees
of deformation Cr and W have the greatest effect. There
already existed data on the hardness of undeformed alloys
at various temperatures (Ref 3); from these it could be
Card 1/3 seen that the hardness test itself introduced cold
work.

SOV/180-59-3-13/43
The Connection between Softoning During Removal of Cold Work
and
Temperature Softening of Nickel Alloys
At higher temperatures, recrystallisation also took
place ro a characteristic bend in the hardness-
temperuture curve was obtained (the critical temperature).
Fig 2 st3vs the effect of Mo additions on the hardness -
temperature curve. Fig 3 shows the influence of
alloying elements on the critical temperature.
0.5% W or Mo and 2% Cr have a pronounced influence. Thus
an increase in critical temperature and an increase in
the half-softened temperature are both brought about by
the same alloying additions. This is because the
hardness test itself introduces cold work. Elements
which have the strongest effect are those which form
strong interatomic bonds and have the greatest values
for heat of self-diffusion. The relation between the
critical temperature and the temperature of half-softening
is shown in Fig 4 for Ni Mo alloys and in Fig 5 for
Ni - Cr, Ni - Ti and Ni Co alloys. There are 5 figures,
Card 2/3 1 table and 24 references, 13 of which are English$

sov/18O-59-3-13/43
The Connection between Softening During Removal of Cold
Work and
Temperature Softening of Nickel Alloys
5 (jorman and 6 Soviet.
SUBMITTEDt October 24, 1958
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kurv,

-T
-~PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION
sOv/5457
Nauchno-tekhnicheskoye obahchestvo mashinostroitellnoy
promyshlen-
nosti. Sektsiya metallovedeniya i termicheskoy obrabotki metal-
lov.
Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov; trudy
Sektaii
metallovedeniya i termicheskoy obrabotki metallov (Physical
Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Metals; Transactions of the
Section of Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Metals)
no. 2.Moscow, Mashgiz, ig6o. 242 p. 6,ooo copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Nauchno-tekhniaheakoye obahchestvo
mashinostroitellnoy promyshlennosti. Tsentrallnoye pravlenlye.
Editorial Board: G. I. Pogodin-Alekseyev, Yu. A. Geller, A. 0.
Rakhahtadt, and 0. K. Shreyber; Ed. of Publishing House: I. I.
Lesnichenko; Tech. Ed.: B. I. Model'; Managing Ed. for Litera-
ture on Metalworking and Machine-Tool Making; V. I. Mitin.
PURPOSE: This collection of articles is intended for
metallurgists,
mechanical engineers, and scientific research workers.
Card 1/5

physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment (Cont.) SOV/5457
COVERAGE: The collection contains articles describing results
of research conducted by members of NTO (Scientific Technical
Society) of the machine-building industry in the field of
physical metallurgy, and in the heat treatment of steel, cast
iron)and nonferrous metals and alloys. No personalities are
mentioned. Most of articles are accompanied by Soviet and
non-
Soviet references and contain conclusions drawn from Investi-
gations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Blanter M Ye., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, and
r. 1~
-f-. Ku ; ;~v and L. A. Metashop, Engineers. Softening and
RecryBtallization Processes in Iron and Nickel Alloys 3
Trunin, I. I,, Engineer. Effect of Cold-Working Conditions on
the Endurance of Steel 12
~ernshteyn, M. L., Candidate of Technical Sciences, and L. V.
Polyanskaya, Engineer. Effect of Cold Working on the
Structure
and Properties of the VT2 Titaniun Alloy 18
Card 2/5

Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment (Cont.) sov/5457
Kidin, I. N., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. On the
Reasons for the Improvement of Iron-Alloy Properties After
High-
Frequency Quench Hardening 25
Zakharova, M. I., Doctor of Physics and Mathematics,
Professor.
Conditions for the Sigma-Phase Formation in Alloys 39
Zakharova, M. I. Structural Transformations in Highly
Coerci4e
Alloys 52
Pogodin-Alekseyev, G. I., Do 'ator of Technical Sciences,
Professorand
T. V. Sergiyevskaya, Candidate of Technical Sciences
(deceased].
Effect of the Microstructure on the Development of Reversible
Temper-Brittlenees in Low-Carbon Manganese Steel 59
PogDALrja-Alekseyeva, K. M., Candidate of Technical
Sciences, Docent.
Effect of Some Metallurgical Factors on Strain Aging of
Construc-
tional Carbon Steel 67
Braun, M. P., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, and
E. I.
Mirovokly, Engineer. 2=4kaskig the fteheating Temperature In
Forging
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Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment (Cont.) SOV/5457
Constructional Alloy Steels 84
iakhtin, Yu. M., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, and
M. A. Pchelkinas Engineer, Gas Boronizing of Steel 92
Minkevich, A. N.# Candidate of Technical Scienoeso and A. N.
Kotov., Engineer, Thermochemical Treatment of Copper and
Brass
for Increasing Their Surface Hardneas and Scale Resistance
1o6
Makhimov, D. M., Candidate ~-f Technical Sciences. The Forma-
tion of Cracks During the Wench Hardening of Steel and Their
Prevention 118
Rakhahtadt., A. G., Candidate of Technioal Sciences, Docent,
and
Yu. V. Zakharov, Engineer. Transfomation,, Properties, and
Treatment of Alloys of the Cu-Ni-Nn System Used for Springs
135
Malinkina, Ye. L, Candidate of Techninal Sciences. Determi-
nation of Operational Properties of Tool Steels and Alloys
160
card 4/5

Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment (cont.) Sov/5457
Gulyayev, A, P., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
S. L
J~ustem, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docents 0. N.
Orekhov,
and G. P. Alekseyeva,, Engineers. New Steals for Die
Forging of
Heat-Resistant Alloys 179
Geller, Yu. A,j Doctor of Technical Solencesp Professor,
Ye. M.
Nalinkina, and V. N. loomakin, Engineer. Hardenability of
Alloyed
Tool Steels 197
Tir, L. L., Candidate of Technical Sciences, and K. Z.
Shepelyakov-
skiY.;. New Transformers for High-Frequency Quench-Hardening
Installations 220
Pogodin-Alekseyev, 0. 1., and V. V. Zaboleyev-Zotov. Effect
of
Ultrasonics on the Structure-Formation Processes In Metal
Alloys 229
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress (TN672.N34)
VK/wrc N
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7,5c)o
AUVORS -
T IM E
24,589
37/61 /OW/00f/043/06O
A006/A', 66
Blanter, M. Ye.; Kuzietsov, '41. 1., and Metashop, L. A.
Softening and recrystallization processes in 4-ron and nickel
alloys
PERIODICAL. Refora,.Ivny-y zhurnal. N.'etallurgiya, no. 5, 1961,
35, abstract 5Zh26?
(5Metallovedenlya I term. obrabotka metallov" [Tr. Sektaii metallo-
ved. I term. obrabotki wet&llov. To-ntr. pravl. Nauchno-tekhn. o-va
mashinostroit. prom-sti, no. 21 Mosrow, 1960, 3-11)
TMi Th.^ authors analyze some. problems connected with the
Investigation
of the effect of alloying elements on reorysta~lization processes
in Pe and Ni
base alloys. The efffect of alloying on softening of preliminary
cold deformed
alloys during heatirg was studied on binary. Ni alloTs (with r7r,
W, Mo, Al, T1
and Col and manganous auster0te (013 typed, additionally alloyed
wl-,h Ni, Co, Cr,
W &-,d ~o. It is ahown thst -,~e halt softaning temperatare Of
Ni-&lloys i's most
1~iereased by W, Cr and Mo Lnd least ty TI, Al and Oo. An
in,-rea3e of the dearee
of plastic deformation Afrom 10 to 3N; r6duoes the degree of
stab!111ty of th,
alloys against remcval of case hardncss. in t.-,be base of
slloyo~d a:istenits the
addition of 14-1 and Co reduces -t~ae ttrviper&ture range of
ckoftenlng; W has a lesser
Card !,/2

d0193
5/129/60/000/04/001/020
"*)S-O 0 E073/9535
AUTHOR: Blanter, M.Ye., Doctrr of Technical Sciences, Professor
--rd-Me-cc anical T
TITLE: ThermoTynam heory of Martensitic
Transformations
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye I termicheakayn obrabotka metallov,
196o, No 4, pp 2-15 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This work was presented and discussed at a seminar.
of heat treatment metallurgists of NTO Mashprom in
Sverdlovsk on December 16, 1959. In this extensivi
review paper (67 references), it is shown that existing
theories do not explain experimental data satisfactorily.
A new theory in put forward which can be formulated as
followst the motive force of the transformation is the
tendency to the formation from the austenite of
martensite with less free energy. This is not
materialized by the formation of nuclei of the
critical dimension or as a result of thermal or
mechanical stresses but as a result of synchronoits
directed group movement of atoms due to thermal
fluctuations. A cooperative displacement of atoMs takes
Card 1/3 place which is equivalent to that occurring under the
L~/,

80193
S/129/6o/ooo/o4/ool/020
E073/9535
Thermodynamic-Mechanical Theory df Martensitic Transformations
action of tangential stressles which exceed the critical
shear strength. It is pointed out that germination of
martensite plates in this way can occur only in the
presence of dislocation imperfections in the austenite.
If for martensite formation displacement of atoms in
required which exceeds the magnitude of elastic
displacement (for ferrous alloys)v the growth process
is similar to that of the process of sliding in the
case of plastic deformation. This determines the
independence of the speed of growth of martensite plates
on temperature. The speed of germination changes
according to a complex law under the effect of an
increase of the difference of free energies and a drop
in the probability of the cooperative shift with
increasing supercooling. Depending on the location of
the curves (probability of combined slip, slip energy
and difference of the free energies), a thermal,
Card 2/3 isothermal or mixed martensite formation may occur. V~

80193
S/129/60/000/04/001/020
E073/E535
Therniodynamic-Mechanical Theory of Martensitic
Transformations
There are 7 figures and 67 references, 41 of which
are Soviet, 5 German, 2 French and 19 English.
ASSOCIATION: Vaesoyuznyy zaochnyy mashinostroitellnyy
institut
(All Union Correspondence Engineering Institute)
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S1148160100010!110141015
A161./AON
AUTHORSt , Kanter, M. Ye., Mashkov, A. K.
TITLEP Strength variations in the process of the alpha-gamma
trans-
formation in alloyed iron
PERIODICAU TAzvestlya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenly. Chornaya
metallurgiya,
no. 11, !960, 133 - 142
TEXTt The mechanical properties of armco iron and of alloy
steel in
the allotropic transformation stage had been studied
previously, and tho
peculiar, sponturteoiz increase of plastJcit,y had been
notlc,~d in two workq
(Ref- 9? Tamaki. J. Japan. Inst. Metals, 1955, No.2, 19 and
Ref. 10z P.Ya.
KtirashnIko-. Sb. "Peredovoy opyt prolzvodstva ("Advanced
production expe-
rience"). Goryachaya obrabotka metallov", 1956). The authors of
this ar-
ticle studied this in the cases of dirsot and reverse
martensitir trans-
formation (Ref. 11 and 12; Blanter and Mashkov, in
I'Metallovedeniye I
termicheakaya obrabotka metallov", 191.9, No. 1 and No. 11),
and stated
that the alpha-gamma transformation intervals are limitpd with
the points
A, and A3' i,e., that the first stage of transformation iv from
pearlite
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S/148/60/roo/oil/014/015
Strength variations in the A161/0~0
into austenite ( -' , ~ - F) j and the following is pure
alpha-gaz!:-:a
formation. The behaviour of metal in the O-Ptransformation in
the at-
sence of the point A, is of practical interest. it has been
sludied -in the
described experiment3 with Fe-Cr alloys (in view of the very
extensive usA
of Cr for alloying), I.e., armco iron with Cr, In five
differen' combine-
tions. Thc- metal was melted in an Induction furnace,
hcr-)geni-,--,! iO '700"C
for 15 ho-ars, then the Ingots were forged intc -ods 12 mm ~n
3iaa-t~-r, ani
their mechanical prcpertles at an interval o! k-^-e
;nvestigated, and th,-
limits of the interval determined by preliminary d1latorr-tri:
annAysig. The
experiment results are illustrated in a series of graphe. The
characterts-
ti-cal "dips" on the hardness curves (Fig-are 6) were observel,
and the cur--e
statpd to run roughly parallel to the Cr content. The
difference Cf 7-1%
Cr (between the minimum and maximum in 2the five compositions)
caused a
difference in hardness of 5 1 10 kg/mm . The authors think that
the "lip"
of strength (Figure 7) is connected with the effects of two
factorsi ere
leads to the strengthening and is -.onnected with the formatioi
of pha3e
hardenin;z ~-n account of the difference in the specific
---olum-~s of f-rrtte
and austenit- (curve '), and the other is the temporary
weakening of the
r
Card 21,,

S/1"ro/6o/coo/oll/014/015
Stroii'-th variations in the A1611A030
bond between atoms regrouping into a now crystalline grid. The
maximum
strength drop is in the-mid of the interval (curve 2 in Figure
7). A uni-
form stren5th reduction thro ugh the whole interval must
continue,, too, on
account of the recrystallization process. The effect of the
factors in-
creases (curve 3). The peaks at the beginning and end of the
transfornation
interval are due to the effect of the phase hardening. There
are 7 figuies
and 12 references: 8 Soviet and 4 non-Soviet. One reference is
E'nalish and
reads as,follows: (Ref. 2) A. Sauveur. Trans.Am. Soc. for
Steel Tr., 1930,
X711, 110- 3-
ASSOCIATIOITt Vsesoyuznyy zaochnyy mashinostroitellnyy
institut (All-Union
Correspondence Institute of Machine Building).
SUB11,11TTED: February 20, 1960
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Strength variations in the ....
,fV
Figure 6: Hardness variations with jj
temperature (OC) in ok- V trans-
formation in the five alloyst 13
(1) with 4.32 ~5 Cr; (2) 6;58 c?~
Cr; (3) 9.18cp' Cr,' (4) 11- 2 ~~r; j0
(5) 12.63~,, Cr.
Card 4/5

27

It

02

S/148/60/000/011/014/015
A161/AO30
7S0 800 aso foo T

St-rensth variations in the ....
Figure 7: (1) strengthening by phase
hardening; (2) weakening through
weaker atomic bonds; (3) the summary
effect.
S1148 60/000/011/014/015
~rl 7 0
A 16
cc
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S/129/60/000/012/001/013
E193/E283
AUTHORS: 7;1,qntpV 4MM&., Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Kory-agin, K. P. and Martishin, 0. V., Engineers
TITLE: Low-Carbon Unalloyed Steels as a Substitute for
Certain High-Strength Alloy Steels
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov,
1960, No. 12, pp. 2-7
TEXT: The object of the present investigation was to
explore the possibilities of replacing expensive alloy steels of
the ZoxrCA (30KhGSA) type with suitably heat-treated, unalloyed,
low-carbon steels 11101t and "15", whose composition is given
below.
Card 113

3/129/60/000/012/001/013
E193/E283
Low-Carbon Unalloyed Steels as a Substitute for Certain High-
Strength Alloy Steels
To this end, the effect of hardening (quenching) temper--turo,
temperature of the quenching medium (8-109% aqueous solution of
sodium hydroxide), and tempering temperature on the U.T.S., 0.21%
proof stress (aO.2), reduction of area (~), elongation (6),
impact
strength (ak), fatigue strength, and microstructure of these
steels, was studied, the mechanical tests having been conducted
at
temperatures varying between 20 and 500*C (-70 and 500*C in the
case of a ). The following oonclusions were reached. (1) Increa-
sing the temperature of the quenching medium from 0 to 50*C,
brings
about a considerable (approximately 70%) increase in a of steels
10 and 15, but does not affect any of the other prope;ties. (2)
The best combination of mechanical properties is obtained by
quenching from 900-930*C and tempering at 300-350*C. Steel 15,
tempered at 300*C, had U.T.S. -_ 120 ~g/mm2, 00.2 = 100 kg/mm2
6 - 11%, ~ = 38%, and ak = 11 kgm/cm . This treatment also
lowered
the temperature of the ductile-V brittle transition to below
-70*C.
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S/129/60/000/012/001/013
B193/E283
Low-Carbon Unalloyed Steels as a Substitute for Certain High-
Strength Alloy Steels
(3) The different response of steels studied to various heat
tr9atments is associated with their different carbon and
aluminium
contents and reflected in the micro-structure of these steels
whl6h~lis finely crystalline in the case of Steel 10, and
coarsely
crystalline in the case of Steel 15- (4) Hardened and tempered
Steels 10 and 15 display best combination of mechanical
properties
at temperatures above 300*C. (5) Heat-treated Steels 10 and 15
have U.T.S. equal to, and ~, 6, and ak higher than, those of
similarly treated steel 30KhGSA. The fatigue limit of hardened
Steel 15 amounts to 41 kg/mm2 and is 14% lower than that of
steel
30KhGSA. (6) Subject to receiving suitable heat treatment,
Steels 10 and 15 can be used in many applications as a
substitute
for high-strength alloy steels. There are 8 figures, 2 tables
and 5 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy zaochnyy mashinostroitellnyy institut
(All-Union Correspondence Institute of Machine
Building)
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Teck.nical Sciences, 1. S.
Ka."nichnyye, Engineer& Ye. A. ftrAEov-
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Intanded for scientific
mozIcers and technical personnel of
rase-irch InstItuten, plants,
and schocls of hIgh-er tochaleal
educatlon.
COVLRACE: The collection contains
papers presented at a convention
hold In Kiyev on rroblems of physical
metallurgy and methods of
the heat treatment of metals applied
In the maclLine Industry.
Maze tranaformations In metals and
alloys are discussed, and
results of investigations conducted to
ascertain the effect of
beat trait-men' an the quality of
metal are analyzed. The poo-
lIbIlIty of obtaining metals with
given mecn=lcal properties
1. dlecusesd, an are ;roblt= or steel
brittleness. The col-
lectlon Int-lulen papers dealing with
kirmtlca or transformatlon.
beat treatmontj and properties of cast
iron. No personalities
are rentloned. Articlez are
accompanied by references, mostly
Soviet.
TABLE OF WrElrS:
StregWIn, A. I_ Enelneero and L. A.
Mellnikcv (Sverdlovsk).
Tran3formation of Austenlte Into
Plarte"Ite Under Xlgh
Pressure 22
Prusilovskly, B. A., Engineer, and P.
1. Ivanov (Kra=vit,vrek).
1-h%y Investigation of the
Detouposition rinitlea of' rjArtennite
in Ter:parlng at L,-w Temperature 19
K~chirzhlnzkly, Yu. A., Candidate of
Techn--cal Scirncee
Conditions of Formation of Metantable
Au~tenite
In Iron-Carbon Alloys 22
x1rovskly, E. I., Engineer (Kiyev).
The Kature of tha
Phase Transforr Alon or Carbcn Steels
34
Card 3/10

rhyalcal Yetallur" (cont.)
! _ Yo,, Doctor .1 T.0,n,,c,l
Sclence., Frcre2zor,
B
,AtojA V
Engineer, and 1. V.. Sergeych
Quench-Hardenine or Massive Steel
Parts In Water-Air
Mixtures x67
Brsun, M. P., and B. B. VJnokur
(Kiyev). Character or
Rupture or
Chrvmlw.,-?;Ie;.el-Nlcblujn Steel
182
Assonov, A. D., Candidate or
Technical Sciences (Koocow).
Effect or HIrJn -Tempera tu re
Heating on the Strength Proper-
ties or Steel lag
Kondrachoy, A. I., rhelneer# K.
F. GurWyerswv and 14. K.
Xolesnl.k (Kraratorck).
Accelerated ficat_~& A-ld Cooling
Reelme5 In the Heat Treatment of
Large ?crginga 196
Ko.,%tyrko. 0. S.. Znrincer, Ye.
F. Dobr7an3kaya
(YagnItc,E.rek.). and K. P.
Braun. Development of a Fatlonal
Heat-Treatment Rerime for Large
Forglnr3 203
Physical Yetallurgy, (Cant.)
307/*55.U
Vlnokur, B. B. (Kiyev). Heat
Re5letance, of Various A21or#d
3teels 215
Vanin, V. S., Mngineer, and V. 9.
Tltov (Nikolayev).
Cementation of Steel In Liquid
Organic Kadin. 225
Burt1n, K. F., Corresponding
Member of tho Academy of
3clences, Vleminjan SSR
(Dnepropetrovak), and A. V
Chernovol, Candidate of Technical
Sciences (XIY&v):
Or the Graphite orowth in Cast
Iron 229
Zubarev, V. F., Doctor of
Technical Sciences, Professor.
and F. 1. Tkathenku, Engineer
(Zhdanov). on the plechanion
of the Silicon Influence an
OraphItizing 234
ropova, X. X., razineor
(Kharlkov). Investigation of the
Orvwth of Cray C"t Iron 242
Tstsenko, A. I., Engineer
(Dnepropetrovsk). Structural
Changea In AuttenitiZint FerrItle
Magnealu= rron 249
Thysical MetallurZy (Ccnt.)
SOV/5511
ZubAr". V. P., Dsctor of'
Technical Sciences, Profe.,

F. K.
Tkachenyo. and L. K. Kudryzyta.v
(Zhe,-:,,,). F,

motion Of
0r;sPhItizatlon Centers an.1
SPeCI&I F-ItZI-en of

Their
Distribution In the Anneeline of
QuencheA~ W*rits

Cast Iron
258
Tltov, V. K., Engineer, and V. S.
Vanin (Nikolayev).

The QLMftchInx_
of U-nIte Cost Iran a.nd Ito
Effect an the

Orsphltlzatlon or
3egreGated Cezentlte

Pubrarp V.
V., EnzIneer Myer). Invelt1gatine
the

laotherw1c Decomposition or
Cementite in Ptangenese Cant

Iron
270
Bobro-Yu 0. Ca didate of
Technical Sclenees. D,-.)cent
i
n

(Khar"OV5.
fre
t Of Certain Elements on the
rmporties

Of Vangoarlese Cast
Irons
281
Kvaohnlna, Ye. I.,
2hKineor (Moscow). Optixum
Heating

And Cooling R*tes in
An"allne Of High-Strencth
Sphtroldal-

Oraphlte Iron Coatings
292
Card 9Ac,

rKysirsi rAtaizurgy. (Cont.)
30V^511
Kovo,iova, 7. A., &igtneer
(Moscow). rnvoatlsatinc the
rropertles or Cimenched Manganese
Cast Iron 302
ft'W""skly, 4. 1., ftgincer
(XIyev). Effect of Rest
~ the Transfosquation of White
Tin Into Cray

S/129/61/000/011/002/010
El1l/E135
AUTHORSs Blanter.2- Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
and Novichkov, P.V., Engineer
TITLE: Kinetic and geometrical characteristics of the
martensite transformation in an iron-nickel-manganess
alloy
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov,
no. 11, 1961, 12-19 (+ I plate)
TEXTt In previous work (Ref.li M.Ye. Blanter, Metallovedeniye
i termicheakaya obrabotka metallov, no.4, 1960) the first of the
present authors examined reasons for the rate of growth of
martensite crystals in iron Alloys being independent of
temperature,
whereas the rate of nucleation should generally follow a curve with
a maximum. He showed (Ref-33 M-Ye- Blanter, Metodika
issledovaniya metallov i obrabotka opytnykh dannykh,
Metallurgizdat, 1952) that a proposed method (Ref.2: G.V.Kurdyumov,
O.P. Maksimova and T.V. Tagunova, Problemy metallovedeniya i
fLziki metallov, 2nd issue, Metallurgizdat, 1951) for calculating
the activation energy was unsatisfactory. The present authors
Card 1/6

Kinetic and geometrical characteristics ...
3/129/01/000/011/002/010
Xll1/El35
have investigated the effect of temperature and degree of
transformation on the rate of appearance of contras and the
sizes
of martensite crystals in iron alloys under purely isothermal
transformation conditions. From the relations obtained the
activation energy and the work of formation of
martensite-crystal
nuclei were found. The data obtainod confirm the dialocational
nature of the martensite transformation. The authors point out
that for the purely isothermal transformation it in practically
impossible to count the number of crystals in the plane of the
polished section. However, the thickness, a, of martensite
crystals can be quantitatively determined. Taking the martensite
crystal to be a flat parallelipiped (in principle any shape
would
do) of sides a, b, b, the number of crystals, N, formed in a
given time interval in given byt
N 1 S- a - 2V 2 (3)
M ~ 4 a #,/--a-V )
Here, V is the relative volume of the magnetic component
(martensite) determined magnetometrically and S the martensite-
Card 2/ 6

Kinetic and geometrical ..... S/129/61/000/011/002/010
EIII/E135
crystal surface per unit volume, determined by the method of
random intercepts. The errors in determinations of a and the
volume of the martensite phase woro'5%, and 1.2-1.4% respectively.
The isothermal transformation was investigated on an iron alloy
with 23-02% Ni and 3.35 Hn. The results cannot be extended to
other iron alloys, especially steels, where the isothermal
martensite transformation is practically absent. on cooling in
air from 1200 OC the martensite point in at 10 OC, subsequent
cooling in liquid nitrogen producing 72% martensite. To obtain
a purely isothermal transformation, specimens sealed in quartz
capsules were cooled with the furnace to room temperature in
3 hours. Stabilization of the austenite reduced the transforma-
tion temperatures, and the extent of transformation was limited
to about 25% martensite, The investigation was carried out at
temperatures of -55, -68, -94, -114, -129,and -155 OC- It was
found that the temperature dependence of the rate of nucleation
in represented by a curve with a maximum. The absolute value of
the rate, n, falls continuously and progressively an the degree
of transformation risen, reaching zero when transformation in
complete. The authors attribute such a variation of n to the
Card 3/6

Kinetic and geometrical characteristics ...
S/129/61/000/011/002/010
9111/E135
dislocational nature of the martensite transformation: as direct
evidence of this they give the fact that the number K of
particles or volumes participating in the transformation 109 in
close to the number of dislocations reported by other workers
(Ref.10: N.P. Allen, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
v-191, 1959). Direct evidence was provided by an experiment in
which th* au:tenite structure after ultra-high-frequency micro-
plastic defc; 4ftion, followed by cooling to room tomperature.
w&x
etched to show the dislocational faults in the plane of thb
polished section. Cooling to low temperatures then producer.' the
martensite tranaformationj the needle relief developed
preferentially at points where dislocation faults had been found.
The relation between n and K is given byt
A
U ^3
RT RT
where U is the
a nucleus, or by:
n - K , e e (6)
activation energy, A3 the work of formation of
Card V 6

Kinetic and geometrical characteristics ...
S/129/61/000/011/002/010
Ell1/Zl35
U A3
v )3 WT RT
max
where K. is the initial value of K, U is independent of
temperature and degree of transformation and in about 940 Cal/g.
atom; A3 in independent of the degree of transformation but its
value falls from 4670 at -50 OC to 2360 Cal/g.atom at -?;5 OC.
The thickness, length and volume of martensite crystals are
practically independent of temperature, being entirely governed by
degree of transformation. At the completion of the transformation
the decrease in the thickness and length reaches 15-18%, due to
change in the state and decrease in the volumes of untransformed
austenite.
There are 10 figures, 3 tables and 12 references: 9 Soviet-bloc
and 3 non-Soviet-bloc. The English language references read an
follows;
Ref.6: M. Gensamer, E.B. Pearsalla, G. Smith,
TASM, v.28, no.2, 1940.
Card 5/6

Kinetic and geometrical characteristics ...
S/129/61/000/011/002/010
Bill/9135
Ref.8: C.H. Shit, B.L. Averbach, M. Cohen,
Journal of Metals, v.7, 1955.
Ref,10: N.P. Allen, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
v. 191, 1959.
A,SSOCIATION:Vaesoyuznyy zcochkyy mashinostroitellnyy institut
(All-Union Machinery C~rrespondence Institute)
Card 6/6

,:" , "., 1:-"
Si" 46/6 1 i'0001001 /011".0 1
A.16; 1 /A 15
AUTRORO: Biant~~r, lit. Ye., and Mashkov, A. K.
TITLLI Isatht,rm--'c traneformation of supercooled austenite in
binary
1 L
,ron-chromium alloys
?ERIODICALt liv-sliya vrPF1Mhh uchpbnykh zzavedcniy. Chernnya
meta'llurgiya,
'4 t~ j , I hO 165
7!,,,~ Is are gvert of an experimfintal invc5tagat-Jon carr.;.ed
iiterature data on the kinetics -jf the iso-
J austenite in Fe-Cr ftllcy-~,. Th-~ carb~m-free alloys
werv- j-tej.ar-od -,rj an furnwe fr,).,, ar,nv,,-,,r(,n,
lri!7est,~gat:cm data
f,.,r Ore, -~J W,-th 9.!Elo Cr, arjO III~ au5tenite
t.-avsformatirm d,.agran hili tot--n h Ih.- pr*~vcu~-15 (Ref.
~z Dlawer and !4auhIc:-- cbrat,:,tka metallov,
'.959, nc. I), Thr- rti(-micai at-I Ar, -,~rg"s cr. -.he fr)ui
Other
allioya, arE- tr.E fo I I ox
Card I/

5 4 b16 1/000 /00 1/0 1/0 15
13otherwic
tranef c
, ma, ion
of
supercoolea,
A*6! /A1 33
The allojr

C-r

C

si 114 n
Ac3 rantze
N i
indext

Oc
X4
4,52
0~02
0~16
0.29 e25-8?0
X7

0.05
0.!6
0 29 k~-,-856
XI: 5

0,0~
0.20 O~~?
0 ?P 20 ~87;
X12 6

U.
Q 56
Q. ?C4 822
ibegirirlng

The X.2j
6 a I 1,:,y
:i tA to d cnly to a partial

~L- transf ormation.
The tran-sforma-)v -inges were determined with a Chevenard
dilatometer, and
the transforinator, 'Kinet-,.2 studied with an aniticMeter.
The austenization
temperature In 5 rm diametc-r and 'W mm long specimens
exceeded bY 50"C !h--~
temperature of the ck-)r tr&.-.si'CrmaI ion end; the holding
tioe was 5 min.
Specimens of X12,6 were heated t-- 9200. The information
includes diagrams
indicating the kinetics variations in the four allcys wIth
Increasing Cr
nontent, and four phntcm,Qr,,,grsj,hq. Conclusionvi 1) An
addilion nf vr. ti,
9','j Cr results ..n an abr1qt Iiihibition k-..f
de(!omponitton of 9uper--oole,,, a,it~tc--
r~i te ~A further inoreao~, of the Cr-ccritent to ~ I and
'2.E,,:o' has prac-.cally
Card 2/5

24212
B/148/61/000/001/011/015
Isothermio transformation of supercooled... A161/A133
no effect on the transformation rate. This is due to the peculiar
effect
of Or on the position of A3 temperature.and hence on the difference
of free
energy values of c4-~-~-phases. 2) An adclition of Or extremely
increases
the stability of supercooled austenite in the upper temperature
range near
the martensite point- 3) An addition of Cr decreases the martensite
trans-
formation range. The isothermic transformation time of austenite
into mar-
tensite is not clearly connected with the alloy composition. 4) The
struc-
ture formation during supercooled austenite transformation in
carbon-free
allots is either by diffusion and a resulting grainy structure, or
by the
martensitio proceS3 with a resulting acioular structure. It may be
assumed
that drop ferrite forms as in the following. When acicular alpha
structure
is forming below the recrystallization threshold of austenite but
above the
ferrite threshold - the diffusion process of alpha recrystallization
leads
to a breaking up of the martensite "needles". Thus, the so-called
"droplet"
ferrite forms from acioular structures in cQnnection with subsequent
recrys-_
tallization after transformation,.because the temperature threshold
of fer-
rite reorystallization is lower than the threshold of austenite.
-There are
5 figures and 5 Soviet-bloc references.
Card 3/5

24212
S/14 61/000/001/011/015
Isothermio transformation of supercooled... A161 YA133
ASSOCIATIONs Vaesoyuznyy zaoohnyy mashinostroitellnyy Institut
(All-Union
Correspondence Institute of Mechanical Engineering)
SUBMITTEDt May 27, 1960
Fig- 4- The effer~ of Cr on the
position of the rAartensitic trans-
formation range
Fig. 2. The effect of Cr on the
austenite transformation,rate in
high temperature ranges (at 70000
isotherm). I - X4; 2 - X7; 3 -
X9; 4 - X11,5; 5 - X12,6.
M - Transformation degree, in %I
2 - Time, min
&V
jig
AV
P
%
Oard 4/5

Isothermic transformation of supercooled...
Fig. 2. (continued)
? 4
t
Zr
IN
Card 5/5
z
8;IA,X, 77o,'o," e.
2L 212
S11 48 '61/000/001/011/015
A161,'A133
Fig. 3. The effect
of Cr on the half-
disintegration time
of austenite at
7000C
J INV -
4z
f5e -
58 -

BIANTER M.Ye., red.; OZ=SKAYA, A.L., red. izd..va;
ISIZNTIYEVAs
-===:k*G*S Ukbno reds
[Phase transformations in steel) Fazovye
prevrashcheniia v stali.
Moswap Metallurgizdati 1961. 167 p. (KERA 15:7)
(Steel--449tallograpIV) (Phase rule and equilibrium)

S/032/61/027/008/005/020
B107/B206
AUTHORS: Koryagin, K. P., Martishyn... 0. V., and
Galov, A. G.
TITLEs A method for the determination of the hardenability cf
a steel
with reduced hardenability
PERIODICALt Zavodskaya laboratoriya, v. 27, no. 8, 1961i
978-980
TEXTs A method for determining the hardenability of
Icw-~ar'--n 3teels
(0.1-0.2 ~ C) was elaborated. The two types used were rTa-n43
Stal' 3) and
CrCZAS-15'(Stall 15). Th specimens were not of the usual L
shape. but had
the anape of a truneat:d cone (90 mm high, lower diameter 25
mm, upper
diameter 5 mm). After quenching from 9000C in B-19 I,, NaOH,
the speoimens
were out in half along the axis and polished, and the V!ckers
hnrdness was
then determined along the axis. Its variation along the &X18
2JS
approximately given by the equations HV - 376 - 5.7x + O..035x
(for steel
15) and EV - 380 - 3-7x + O.O2x2 (for steel 3),
respect1-?9.'y. 1i V is the
Vickers hardness, and x is the distanoe from the upper end of
the truncated
Card 1/3

S/03 61~027/008/005/020
A method for... B107YB20
cone. Cylinders with a diameter of 8-20 mm and a
height-lo-diameter ratio
of 4 were out from the same stools. After quenching, the
cylInders were
out perpendicular to the axis, and the radial ohange of the
Vickers hardness
was investigated. It follows the equation H w A + Bx2', X i's
the distance
V I I
from the cylinder center; A and B are coefficients (see
Table), From the
relations mentioned it is possible to calculate the values of
x and X1 fnr
which the rate of cooling is equal. It is thus possible to
caloulate the
hardness of a cylinder by determining the hardness on a
conical specimen.
The relation holds for any steel. since the criterion of equal
hardness
virtually corresponds to the same rate of cooling,. A
nomograph was drawn
for the relation (Fig.). An example is calculated to
illustrate the mode
of operation. There are 5 figures, 2 tables, and 2 Soviet
references.
ASSOCIATIONj Vaesoyuznyy zaoohnyy mashinostroitellnyy institut
(All-Union
Machinery Correspondence Institute)
Card 2/3

BUVM~ M.Ye.; MASHKOV., A.K.
Changes of eleatric resistance and thermoelectromotive
L'orce in the
process ef oc 'r iron alloy transformation. Piz. met. i
metalloved.
nno. 2:191r-202 F 161. (MBU 14: 5)
1. Voesoyuznyy zaochnyy maohinootroitel'Nvy institut.
(Iron alloys-Metallography) (Thermoelectricity)

BLANTER, M.Ye.; KCRYAGINp K.P.; WTISHINI C.V.; GALOVI
A-G-
Methods for determining the hardness penetration of low
hardenability steels. Zav.lab. 27 no.8:978-980 61.
(?WU 14;7)
1. Vsesoyuznyy zaochnyy mashinostroitellnyy institut.
(Steel--Testing) (Hardness)

DOKINTM~ S.Z., red.; BERLIN, Ye.liej
red, izd-va; VAYNEMMip Ye.B.p tekhn. red.
(Phase transformations during the heat treatment
of stes.1.1
Fazovye prevraohcheiiiia pri termicheskoi
obrabotke stalis
Moskvaj Goss nauchno-tekhnsizd-vo lit-ry po
chernoi i ts"t-
noi metallurgii 1962. 268 p. (MIRA 15: 2)
(steel-Heat treatment)
(Phase rule and equilibrium)

BIANTER, M.E.; XULAKOV, V.Aq SERGHZWGEV,
I.M,[Serceychev, I.M.)
Hardening of steel massive items in the mixtures of
air and water.
Analele matalurgie 16 no.liI70-182 Ja44r 162.

ALFV.OVA, V.S., doktor tekhn. nauk; BERNMEYN, M.L.,
kand. tekhn.
nauk; -I)LAUZAnx, M.Ya . doktor tekhn. nauk;
BOKSHTEYN, S.Z.,,
doktor te),Jm.nauk; VINOGRAD, M.L. kand, tokhn.nnuk;
G*XW,
M.I., inzh.; GETTER, Yu.A., doktor tekhn. nauk;
GOTLlB, L.I.,
kand. tekhn. nauk; GRD714A, Yu.V., doktor tekhn.nauk;
GRIGOAOVICH, V.K., kand. tekhn. nauk.; GULYAYEV,
B.B., doktor
tekhn. nauk; DCVCAMISKIY, U.N.# kand. takhn. nauk;
DUDMISEV,
P.A.s kand. tekhn. nauk [deceased); KIDIN, I.N.,
doktor tekhn.
nEuk; IZXIN, I.M.$ kand. tokhn. nauk; LIVSHITS,
B.G., doktor
tekhn. nauk; LIVSHITS,. L.Se) kand.tekbi. nauk;
LIVOV, M.A.,
kand. tekhn. nauk; MEYERSON, G.A., doktor tekhn.
nauk;
MINKRUCH, A.N.j kand. tokhn, nauk; NATANSON, A.K.,
kand.
tekhn. naukj IIAKHIFOV, A.M.,, inzh.; NAIGM40V,
D.M., kand. tekhn.
nauk; OSTRIN, G.Ya.,, inzh.; PANASENKO, F.L.p inzh.;
SOIDDIKHIN,
A.G., kand. tekhn.nauk; KH311USHIN, F.F.., kand.
teklm. nauk;
CHMIASHR.0, V.G., kand. tekhn. nauk; YUDIN, A.A.,
kand. fiz.-
mat. nauk; YANKOVSKIY, V.1-1., kand. teklm. nauk;
RAMSHTADT,
A.G., red.; GORDON., L.M., red, izd-va; VAYNSHTEYN,
Ye.B.., tekhn.
red. (continued on next card)

AUMROVA., N.S.- (continued) Card 2.
[UetaLlograpby and the heat treatment of
steellMetallo-
vedenie i termicheskaia obrabotka etali;
spravochnik.
I2d.2., perer. i dop. Pod red.,
14.L,Bernshteina i A.G.
Rakhahtadta. 14oekval Metallurgizdat. Vol.2.
1962.
1656 P. (KLKA 15: 10)
(Steel-Metallography)
(Steel-Heat treatment)

BLAMTZ,,&,Jftr prof., doktor tekhn.nauk;
SHTEYNEIERG, M.M., pref. ,
OwOmw~-- dowwr tekhn. nauk, retsenzentl FRID, L.I.,
insh., red.;
SOKOIDVAO T.F., takhn. red.
[Metallography and the heat treatment of metals]
Metallove-
denie i termicheakais, obrabotka. Moskva, Mashgiz,
1963.
416 p. (MIRA 16:8)
(Notallography) (Notale-Heat treatment)

ACCESSION NR: AT3008650. 512598/63/000/009/0264/0269
AUTHORS: Blanter,M.Ye.; Sarnsonov,V.P., Bay.A.S.; -Maslovokly, V.A.
TITLE: Effect of *the structure of titanium on the structure of its
scale
SOURCE:: AN SSSP_ Institut metallurgii. Titan i yego splavy*,
no.9,1963; 264-Z69
.TOPIC TAGS: titanium, titanium sponge,' TG-00, scale,
stratificatioh
of scale, color of scaleIcolor of stratification of scale, color of
scale strata
'ABSTRACT: The paper describes'aii experlmental investigation of
the oxidation of
Ti which apparently is affected both by the antecedent treatment of
specimens (rol-
ling, vacuum anneal, etc.) and by the different purities of the
metal employed. The
specimens used were prepared from Ti sponge TG-00, pressed into
electrodes
which were melted in a vacuum arc furnace. The ingots obtained were
machined to
achieve a pure surface and were hammer-forged to a thickness 'of 20
mm,'hot-rolled
to 2-mm thickness, and annealed for 30 min at'7000 in an electric
chamber furnace.
Scale was removed by etching in a fusion of NaOH and NaN03;
reaction products
were removed by H7SOt. Cold rolling to 1-mm thickness and cutting
to lOxl4-mm
specimens followed. 3 -min vacuum anneal at 10- mm Hg at 600, 700,
750, 800,
850, 900, and 1,000o followed. Optical microscopy and X-ray
diffraction analysis
Ca.rd

ACCESSION NR: AT3008650
.shows that the growth of the oxide film at 906;-1,0000C on
annealed (A) Ti,procejds
at a greater rate than on unannealed (UA) mate.rial. - The scale
on TI consists
essentially of Z layers, a microcrystalline and a columnar la'yer.
In Ti A for 30
min at 1,0000 the microcrystaUine layer, by contrast with the
single layer on UA
TI, consists of two layers which differ In color and grain size.
The deeper layer,
which Is closer to the parent Ti, is darker. X-ray diffraction
shown in both cases
,the.presence of rutile. The surfaces of the scale of A and U.A.
Ti differ In color.'.
In A Ti the surface has a bluish-grey color, In UA Ti a
yellowish-white color,
,The oxidation of Ti begins along the grain boundaries. Crystals
of newly formed
,rutile are found. on the surface of the scale..* They have a
clearly bounded shape
and are oriented identically and along straight lines. The growth
of the crystals,
apparently, has a dendritic character. Orig. art. has:7figures.
ASSOCIATION: rione
SUBMITTED: 00
SUB CODE: CH, MA
Card Z/ Z
DATE ACQ: 0 4Sep6Y,
NO REP SOV- 000 ,-to
ENCL: 00
OTHER: 004

BIANTER, M.Ye.; GARBUZOVA, N.Ye.; TORGASHOVA, A.G.
Mechanism of the recovery of strain-hardened iron
under the
effect of rapid heating. Metalloved. i terme obr.
met, no,4:
22-26 AP 165. (MIRA 18:6)
1. VBesoyuznyy zaochnyy mashinostroitellnyy
inatitut.

L-15160-65 t-*';I"r~l.-iljf'Fl,~pl~v.,),/~cli (-J5/r/ pf-4
M/JD/ F..i
I i in 164 !oi)r. I r-, n 0 1, 1 fi 1 L
r C. 7 7 r
o n m c c h ro e
C- T M C P t~ P I
C cl r 'd

-1.
1.
m

v z r ii i n a r c ;i i s
0. v
0 TH E R
Card 2/2

BLAWER, Me.; METASHOP, L.A.; AHTSYBUSHEVAO E.I.
Methods of developing the dislocation structure of
austenitic
steel by etohing. Zav. lab. 30 no.ls58-60 164. (MIRA
17:9)
lo Vaesoy-uznyy zaochW )nashinostroitellnyy institut.

L 00855-66 ~-A(s)-2/7!,!Tt V111/7- IT
!ACCESSION NR-, AP5020703 uR/ol2g/65/000/008/0008/9012
621-785:539-374:62o.l7
AUTHOR: B M!.Ye.
limner,, 4
TITM Principles of the combined method of heat treat and plastic
deformation
I
of metals and alloys
!SOURCE: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, no.
8, 1965, 8-12
~TOPIC TAGS; superhardening,, heat treatment, plastic
deformation, cold working,
,Ing, hardened steel, hardened alloy, dislocation theory,
:patenting, marforming, Mjraf,
,Ktcry~ta_Ui~.ation
f
,'ABSTRACT: The development in recent years of the new combined
methodr. 0 super-
.harden
ing" was a consequence of exhaustion of the possibiliLi,~s for
hardeningl~%I-/
loys by teebniques of heat treatment alone or plastic deform.
ation (6;fd~
j2l-VE~ie' it
alone. The new types of hardening treat 't would hardl~r have
been evolv
inot for the widespread adoption of ideasmrssociated with the
presence of linear de-
,fects in metal structure -- dislocations.N~ In this connection,
the author surveys
the possible methods of as based on the possible combinations of
heat treatment with plastic deformation depending on the
sequence in which they are
performed- 1. Heat treatment followed by plastic deformation
(patentin~g, mar-
forming) ; 2. Plastic deformation (of austenite) followed by
heat treatment (harden-
ing) (as wel.1 an the so-ce-Ued compound maraging - plastic
deformation of carb(,.!-
I Card 1/3

L 00855-66
iACCESSION NR*. A M20703
!rree alloyed martensite with subsequent aging); 3. Two
successive heat treatments
t
i(the combination of two successive hardenings under special
conditions); 4. Two
isuccessive plastic deformations - this case is possible in
theory but has not yet
ibeen described in the literature. The main reason fr)r the
"superhardening" pro-
11duced by the combined-treatment method may vM in nature: if
a nonsupersaturated
isolid solution is being plastically deformed: the principal
reason for its harden-
ling is the cumulation of geometrical defects of the
structure, whereas in the case
iof a supersaturated solid solution the hardening is mainly
attributable to the seg-
regation of carbon from that solution. And of coursep the
segregation of disperse
particles is the main reason for hardening in the case of the
aging of iron follow-
~in~3 plastic deformation (ease 2) and without -that
deformntion (case 3). The in-
~vestigation of the combined methods of treatment on the
basia of quRlitatlve theo-
iries of dislocation defects in not only, of a major
practical importance but also
;'makes possible a new approach to many seemingly
long-established aspects of work
i hardening, recryntallizationp and phase tranaformations
during the heat treatment
;of F;teel and alloys. 71be quantitative physico-mathematical
theory of dislocations)
I
;unfortunatelyp is as yet insufficiently refined to describe
such complex crystal-
I
I line systems as real metals and alloys. Orig. art. has: 1
photo, 2 figures.
I-Card

T, 008.55-66
iACCESSION WRi P2W20703
IASSOCIATION.- Vaesoyuznyy maochoyy maghinostroitellr4y inatitut
(AU-Union Correa-
i pondence Machine Duilding Institute
iSUBMITTED: 00 ENCLi 00 BUD CODE: M) SS
~NR REF SOVi 003 OTHERt 001

L 3994-66 M(m)/EWP(w)/EWA(d)/T/EVP(t)/EWP(k)/EWP(z)/EW(b)AWA(c)
KW/JD/HW
ACC URT-AP5022579 UR/0129/65/000/009/0032/0037
669.784s539i374i62Osl7s669.15-194t669.26
kp a
AUTHORi Blanter# Mo Ye.1 ShamiZevj S. Sh. 57
&
TITLEt Effect of carbon content and cold plastic eformation on
the properties of
hardened steals 1~
SOURCEt Metallovedenlye I termicheskaya obrabatka metallov. no.
9, 1965, 32.27
TOPIC TA.GSs steel, chromium steel, steel heat treatment,
thermomechanical treatment,
steel cold deformationa low temFe-rature treatment,
sm~-chanlFa-l p-roperty/KK2
steel, l8Kh2 steel, 3BKh2 steel, 53Kh2 steel, 67Kh2 steel
ABSTRACTs The effect of low-temperature thermomechanical
treatment (cold plastic
deformation In the as-hardenpd or low-tempered condilion) on
the mechanical propertleo'
Q'I it, Ig
and structure of 118-IM-229"538WD ~UV, and'67Khnsteels,, all
containing about
2% chromium and 0,019, 0,18, 0,38, 0,53, and 0.67% carbon.
respectively, has been
investigated. The 30-kg ingots were forged Into bars 12 mm in
diameter. The cars
were annealed, chromium plated. austenized at 860-950C, water
or oil qienched, and
ground to a diameter of 8 mm Ge tempered at 180C for 60-90 min
and then ground.
The specimens wei,3 tnen cold drawn vith 2.5.2C% reduction.
ercept for as-hardened
specimer;z, ur 53KT,2 and 67Khe' steela which were too hard, It
was that "Id
q,grTgatioa increased tne tensile ard, espec!a1!,;, 4,011
rql,~-gth: of both as-

L 3994-(.(,
ACC NR, M)5022579
\J
hardened and low-Le,.,mereu ateelR in proportion to the magnitude
of reduction and
carbon CorlLent. AL 12% reduccion,the as-hardened 38Kh2 steel had
a tensile strength
of 256 kg/t=2 , a yie.Ld strength of 252 kg/mm2, an elongation of
2 5%, and a reduction
of area of 5;. Corresponding values for low-tampered steel were
~39 kg/=2, 237 kgl=2,
5Z, and 27'A'. After cold deformation, all low-tevnpered
specimens had a higher ductility
than as-hardened 'specimens. Origs art. has: 6 figures and 2
tablea. tAzj
L
ASSOCIATIPN: Vsesoyuznyy zaochnyy anshinostroitelInyy illstitut
(All-Union Corre'
ndence In titute of Machine Building)-
SUBMTTEDs 00 ENCL: '00 SUB COM MH
NO REFISOVt 000 OTHERt' 000~ ATD PRESS j

L 32976-66 EWP(k)/EWT(m)/TAWP(w)/EWP(t)/ETI IJP(c) JD/HN
ACC NRs AP6017522 S01IRCE CODE: UR/0148/66/000/001/0145/0140,
AUTHOR: Blanter, M. Ye.; Shamiyev, S. Sh.
ORG: All-Union Correspondence Machine Building Institute
(Vseuoyuznyy zaochnyy
mashinostroitelInyy institut)
TITLE: Influence of cold deformatioAn the mechanical properties
and structure of
quenched iron alloys without carbon
SOURCE: IVUZ. Chernaya metallurgiya, no. 1, 1966, 145-148
TOPIC TAGS: iron alloy, quenching, cold working, mechanical
property, metallographic.
examinations crystal lattice dislocation, crystal lattice
structure
ABST7ACT: A study was made of the e ects of cold plastic
deformation on the mechani-
Cal properties and fine structure o4iron alloys (containing
very low carbon) after
pr
d~hing. Three alloys were use :1 NS--0.019% C, 4.83% Ni;
KhS--0.009% C, 5.10% Cr
que d
an G5--0.019% C, 5.04% Mn. After qtTenching from 9500 , these
alloys were plastically
;C
deformed 5, 9.8, 14.5, 19 and 24% at room temperaturV.
Mechanical properties, x-r,y
line broadening and prior austenitic grain structuroT ere
obtained for each steel in
various stages of cold working. Mechanical strength d hardness
increased signifi-
cantly with deformation (245 to 265 VHN fo-r-75V-de-rormation
G5) with G5 increasing the
most and N5 the least. The higher the strength and the lower
the ductility of the al-
UDC: 669.15-192-13:620.183:620.17

L 32976-66
ACC NR% AP6017522
loy after quenching, the 1 r was its change in properties
after cold deformation.
X-ray line broadening was ;related with the increase in
mechanical properties and
with dislocation structure. Increases in the broadening of
(220) and (110) lines were
tabulated as a function of alloy and degree of cold work, and
the dislocation density
was calculated from the observed line broadening. The yield,
ultimate strength and
the proportional limit were plotted as a function of
broadening factor and dislocation
density, displaying perfect correlation for broadening factor
and dislocation density.
Orig. art. has: 5 figures, 2 tables.
SUB CODE: l1/ SUBM DATE: O9Apr65/ ORIG REr: 004/ OTH REF: 001
2/2

L 41015-66 IJP(c) JD
ACC NRI AP6021707 SOURCE CODE:
AUTHOR: Blanter, M, Ye: Kumanin, V. 1.
ORG: ~_ All-Union Coriespondence Machine Building Institute,
(Vaesoyuznyy zaochnyy mashino-
stroitelln" institut)
TITLE: Effect of recrystallization on persistence of structural
defects in deformed austenite
JA
,SOURCE: IVUZ. Chern" metallurglya, no. 3, 1966, 127-131
"PIC TAGS: austeniticalloy, metal recrystallization, lattice
defect, austenite
iransformation / NZ3G3 Ruistenitic alloy
LTRACT; To clarify the question whether recrystallization may,
t,o one extent or another,
pi serve the structural d f to Induced in a material during its
defoz'~nation, the authors in-
vrstigated this effect for tehVN23GAustenitic all (0. 04% C, 23.
0% Ni, 3. 11% Ma, remainder
re), following Is annealing Pt 850'C and rolling at 2004C with
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%
Pastic deformation. After the deformation, the specimens (lOxlOx3
mm) were heated in a
lead hath at 650, 700 and 7500C for from 15 see to 2 hr, with
subsequent quenching. To accom-
plish 4--vac transformation, this was followed by sharp cooling
to -196*C with subsequent slov
UDC: 6&9.24174-620.183

L 41015-66
-~kc~-Nk,- AP6021707--------'---
heating (10*C/hr) to room temperature. no degree of structural
imperfection of the alloy
was estimated according to the changes in the physical
broadening of X-ray line (311) and
the microhardness of the recrystallized and nonrecrystallized
grains. The amount of austenite
and martensite in the alloy was estimated according to the
ratio between the Integral intensi-
ties of the lines (lU)d- and (110),,~,- . The higher the degree
DPD of plastic deformation its, the
more complete is the degree Per of recrystallization at the
moment of abrupt decrease In the
number of defects (Fig. 1). Thus, following DPD = 30% and
subsequent heating at 700-C, Pcr
A
tv
-VIC 'v 4o,-.v,,DPn-%
Fig. 1. Effect of degree of plastic de-
formation DPD on the intensity
of recrystallization at the moment
of the onset of a sharp decrease in
the number of defects
Card

L 4loi5-66
decreases by 30% compared with PdeP and the microhardness of
the first recrystallized
grains Is 102 kg/mm2, compared with 120 kg/mm2 when DPD = 50%.
Ibis indicates a partial
redistribution and disappearance of the defects in the course
of polygonization even prior
to the onset of recrystallizatIon. The Intensity of d--PoO
transformation Is affected by the DPD
of the austenite. When DPD = 60% the austenite undergoes
stabilization, but when DPD = 40
and 20%, it undergoes destabilization; neither process,
however, is complete at the end of
rearystallization, thus providing yet another and highly
significant proof of the persistence of
-part of defects In completely recrystallized material. Orig.
art. has: 3 figures.
B CODE: U, 20, UV. �UBM DATE; 24Jun65/ ORIG REF-. 008/ OTH REF:
001
U
I
hg

L 21312-66 E
Ad #~~j XF6 00 SOURCE CODE1 UR/0413/66/000/006/0032i6O3Z
INVENTOR*- Semenov. 0. A.% Alferova, N. S.; Y&Dkpvskiy. V. M.;
Kolesnik. B. P.J
Ostrin. G. Ya.; P1
yatakovskly, 0. A.; Kheyfats. G. N.; Gleyberg, A. Z.;
Chemerinskaya,' R. I.; Gomelaurt, N. G." slanter. M. Ye.-
%ara2zenidze, S. A.;
Suladze, 0. N.; Go"denberg, A. A ; Teeratell, F. A'.;
191riya,_-A._Ye. beartefadze,
ORG: none
TITLE: Method of maomfactivring_strangthelied tubes. Class 18, No.
179786 jannounced
by the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Pipes (Ukrainskly
nauchno-Issledo-
va~i_i1_s_k1ytrubnyy Institut))
SOURCE: Izobretentys, promyshlennyye obraztsy, tovarnyye znaki, no.
6, 1966, 32
TOPIC TAGS: tube manufacturing, tube rolling, tube strengthening,
tube heat tres
ABSTRACT: This Author Certificate introduces a method of
strengthening hot-rolled
tubes. According to this method, the hot-rolled tube is quenched
imediately after
it leaves the first rolling mill, and then is sized or reduced at a
tempering tempera
tures 1i INT
SUB CODE: 13/ BUSH.DATZi 12N*v63/ ATDPRZSStyzso
v 9-

ACC-Nita AP603595.8 SOURCE CODE: UR/0129/66/000/010/0062/0063
M, A)
~AUTHOR; Bliiter, M.' Ye.; Shklyarov, M. I.
:ORG; All-Union Machine Building Correspondence
Institut.(Vaesoyuznyy zaochnyy
mashinostroit-Wnyy institut)
:TITLE: Combined (methanothermall treatment of steel to high strength
'SOURCE: Metallovedeniye i termi.cheskaya obrabotka metallov, no.
10, 1966, 62-63
-A"A,
'TOPIC TAGS: carbon steel, srzek plastic deformation,-4;%;-_4i
'steel property/45 carbon steel
_4 treatment,
ABSTRACT: The effect of mechahothermal treatment, i.e. plastic
deformation at room
temperature, and subsequent heat treatment on the mechanical
properties of 45 carbon
!
steel has been investigated. Steel specimens, 1 x 9 x 100 mm, heat
treated to vari-
ous structures (granular, pearlite, troostite-sorbite, or
martensite) were cold rolled
1with 10, 30 or 50% reduction, rapidly heated to 8000 900, 1000 or
1100C, and water
quenched. This was followed by tempering at 200C. It was found that
the strength
iof specimens rolled with 50% reduction increased with the increase
of annealing tem-
1perature from 800 to 900C. For instance, the tensile strength of
specimens wit a
pearlitic structure increased from 210 to 245 kg/mm , and those with
a troostite-
1 2
,sorbite structure, to 225 kg/=2, at an elongation of 4% in both
cases. Further
:increases in temperature to 1100C decreased the tensile and yield
strengths and
iCard 1/2 UDC: 669.14.018:621.789

ACC NR. AP6035958
elongation dropped to 1%. The incisase of reductions at first
lowers the strength
characteristics then, starting from 102 to 502 reduction, the
characteristics ineraasal
steadily. Thus, the steel strength can be improved under certain
predetermined con-
ditions of plastic deformation and subsequent hardening V~th a
rapid cooling'to
austenitizing temperature. Orig. art..has: 2 figures.
SUB CODE: 11, 13/ SUN AM: no"

PLA,NT---i,-- ~. At.
Fielftricbeskoye oborud~)vaniye tva-,-)vyIh jodrtantrly.
Morcow' 1948.
548!.
A reference manual and textbook on urban electrical
tranElrortation f,)r er;,rinears !Xnd
tecimicians dealin- wIth theoretical funds-entals and
dercrIjAion of clectr*:cnl
acuiinent of Etreet car and trolly-bus suh-statlonF;
rtiHished ~y tl,c Viniptry of
cmm,unal &canomy, U:j',.rt.

BIAInER, S. f, Engineer Cand Tech 3ci
DISSERTATIONs "Electrical Equipment of Traction
Sub:Antions".
18 March 49
Moscow Order of Lenin Power Engineering Inst.
imeni V. M. Molotov
4FW
^)0 Vscheryaya Moskva
Sum 71

MUMJL -8.-0&,. dotment, bandidat takhniohookikh nauk.
(Antomatie traetion sub-stations (one and two unit)]
Aytomatichookie tiago-
vys podstentsil (oduo-dy~ egataye). Noskya, lad-vo
Xinisterstya komp-
mm&3 Inop khosialetva RUM, 1932. 221 p. (MLU 60)
(Bleatric railroade-4Wstatlons)

M~,_~q~Rmon GriGor,!yvTichj SHILOTSXIY. V.A., red.;
RAC.W61AYA, X.I.,
redAzd-va; RMIOT, A.A., takhnored,
[Ourrent oonverters for traction substations]
Proobrazovnteli
toka ti ykh stanteii. Moskva, Izd-vo K-va kommm.khos
RSM "M 8 P.
L' 1 9. 29' KIRA 13:4)
(Ilectrio current oormarters)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION sov/4370
Blanter, Solomon Grigorlyevich
Radiotekhnika I Elektronika (Radio Engineering and
Electronics).
Moscow, Gosenergoizdat, 1960. 415 p. 27,000 copies
printed.
Ed.: S. F. Korndorf; Tech. Ed.: N. I. Borunov.
PURPOSE: The book Is intended as a textbook for students
in schools of higher education In the "Radio Engineering
and Electronics" course specializing in the field "N-o-
physical Methods of Prospecting for and Surveying Mineral
Deposits".
COVERAGE: The book presents the theoretical principles
of the
operation of electron tubes,of high-vacuum, gas-filled,
and other electric vacuum devices, and of semiconductor
de-
vices. It describes physical phenomena occurring in them
and examines electron amplifiers, oscillators, and recti-
fying and voltage regulation systems. Problems relating
to radio communications and radio measurements are
reviewed.
Chapter III was written by the author in collaboration
with
cal~d~

Radio Engineering and Electronics SOV/4370
K. P. Zhadin.. while Chapter VII was written by L. R.
Tav&ng. No personalities are mentioned. There are 12
references, all Soviet.
TABIZ OF CONTENTS:
Foreword
Introduction 7
Ch. I.
Electric Vacuum Devices
10
1.
Principle of electron
tube performance
10
2.
Types of electron emission
12
3.
Principal structural components of tubes
14
4.
Two-electrode tubes
21
5.
Three-electrode tubes
26
6.
Four-electrode tubes
37

-
Five-electrode tubes
40
Z
0
Beam (power) tetrode
45
9.
Multiple-unit tubes
47
10.
Indicator tube
47
CarA,,2/~

BjAyM Sojomo&SWj&Qr_'Xmvjcb; SHISHKINO O.P.t
zaal. deyatell
::7~~~~tekhnild RSFSRq retmazent; SOLGANIX,
G.Ya. j, ved.
red.; POLOSINA, A.S., tekbn. red.
(Industrial electronics] ProvVehlennaia.
elektronika. Mo
skvay Gostoptakhisdatj, 1963. 368 p. (miRA
i6a2)
(Bleotronice)

j3Li ~'!. ~(' ; ~-~ I I-o"K01; , Yu.S . ; SPI., , ! ..]
.
CcqnptLri:3c)n of power charanteristlas of asynchronous
and sy=hroncus
Olectrlf! drives of drll)Jng winches. Elaktrichestvo
no.8i3O-32 Ag
165. (MlPA 18:9)
1. Mo:;k.)vvkly institut neftekhImIcheskoy i ga-.,~ovoy
promys'Ll-lennosti.

7
- A'..

T-T ~---

%-; ,
...... ~". -:.
--l".- 7

BLANUSL. D.
Yugoslavia (430)
Science
J. Kepler's nomad law6 pe 218* MASNIK
ViTEUTICEMIZICKI I ASTRONOMBlIt Vol-
39
no * 5 9 1948 9
last Nuropsan Accessions List,,
LIbrar7 of Congress,
Vol 1. no. 14, Doo. 1952. UNCLUSIFIED9

lj~

DaalO
BlamOn Da ilo. A type of Integral theorems for Bessel
Rad Juroslav. Aks-~, Zimn. Unijet. OKIjO
ItathcMvitical Reviewo hiat. Fiz. Tchn. Natike 277, 5-128
(1950). (,Scrl)o
Cinatian)
Vol. 14 NO- 10 This iml-wir fliwiissr% dic,. Niplace
convolution of
Nov. 1011;1
I-A, (c 0 4 1) 1.
Avith other hinctimi-q of the sanic form. wherr A. is the
entire
(unctiou occurl ing 4% the dAltilion of Hus'Nel futictioliq
of tile
firm kind (iint.1tion aq in A preat mativ
r"',,irrence and othur reLi6nn.4 are r6t.iined, The work 1.4
bascd vmd%, nit vrcvioiK teckiltr bv Ow atidicir [samc Rad
271, 83. 14.1 (11111S)" th"C k1w. 11, ) is

WANUSA 9 D.
Yugoikiavia (430)
Scienae - Serials
Problems of oomology and
cosmogWe
P. 183. ALMANAH BOSKMC*
(Hrvatsko
pr1rodoslaino drustvo) Zagreb.
(Ann=1
on astrononq issued by the
Croatian
fteiety for Natural Scienees)
1951.
1hal Nvoyean Accessions JAst.
Library of
Congress, Vol, 1, no. 13,
November 1952.
UNCLLSSIFIED.

Ji

BLANUSAt D. -
Zagreb, Yugo.
"Eine isametrisobe linbettung der elliptisohen Ebene im
vierdimensionalen
euklidisoben Raun"o
Paper delivered at the International Conference of Mathematicians
held in Salzburg, Austria
9-14 September 1952, under the auspices of the Austrian Congress
of Mathematicians.
SO: Air, Encl. to USAFE ATI-2569-52, 21 Nov 52 (info: Nov 52, B-2),

--- ~ ; . -, ~ , 1 " . ;.' : . .
r" ~~- , ,
4:. ~ - - , . - - -1m- - .-I .. -, I, - - -
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i, . I . I . .-I' ! . , 1: 1'11:t~~ I - ,
.--- - ~: Y. .. .,
1 ~;
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. . , . , , : ~ t . - . ; ~ , I I T,

Afflrunu�a, Danilo. Les espaces elliptiqiurs plong6s iso-
Vit flbomft Lira I Rnvlows m6triquement dons des esprtces
euclidiens. 1. Le 1)1;in
Vol. 14 No. 11 elliptique. fimikkm Prirod(Anviin Dm',Ivo. Glornik
llocc,mboi- 1953 hlat.-Fiz. Asir. Sx-r. 11. 8, 3-23 (1953).
(Serbo-Cioatiall
Goomotry: strnlnlar~)
The elliptic plane-arising from the sphere by iderififica-
tion of dimrictrically opl"ite points-cu) in onIv one way
lye inibedded in RI M such .1 Iminuer Oult the rvofl(-~;ius aw
circles. The intvrrsting, Amost put0y SY11thetic, I'mof of
this theovem is followmi by a mirobvr of propertieg of inter-
Sections of this inilwAled -;pare w;th flit md,Sjmrv,4 RI, R-*,
RI,_RI of RI., A. NficOmii (Piiiicrtmi, N 1.1,

1 1 ~ TT i 1 7
SO: I-'onthly Li,-,t - o-I' Eart Luropenn Accessions,
Librar- cC "O-.TrcSb' ol.
..U. 10J L~Aobcr,
U:!classified

"Ellipt-4'.c Planes Isometrically I-laced in -"uclid's
I'lancs. (Corici,,.-Sion)"
P. 81
4~2I.T.'~:,.:Ai-If~'IC-I:TZI:nij I ISTRO-C-, "KI, Vol. 8,
nc. 2; 1953, Zz:greb,
YuCoslavia)
Scz TnfL~1~-ir T-A-t~ r t- :L.~? 1,C? V-3-- 37 ~=- 57

-,~ - - -
IIT sw'.!-,tric fitt-,-j of' %Aliptic m-aces into E% -.~'s
c". ~ -! - -
I - 11 U I ;, " - .1
c,~n5tant c-.u~vntur-a. n. 11, (FUBLICAT-G-,~, Vcl. 6,
1954, Lec.,=54,
L
SO: I-'-nt.Uy List of Last Airopean Accassions, LL, Vcl-.
4, ':c.. 4,
,T I `5;~, Uncl.
Ir / .1