SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BOGACHEV, I. N. - BOGACHEV, I. N.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000205810001-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 9, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

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vorsuninution, alid lnlTrx*tqI thvir
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atl
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ing 04 k4nint-vI. Ann,ifling fin Ml hill, at 6,At' dill mat
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erully. Ti did not hairkrove tile mecl parnlaerti,% made
the caistfull properties Warx, anal Was law .,tell

I ft'; ga% Stn,. 4cum o" tht, turfave. Said Wougali'm
7
.
, iis-isle the ingots. A Ti vont,-ut al.me 11.
, % i4 lint Calls.
Ni-Irtlil drAtahle. Cis ill cast it.-It i. voll'i'lvreal th.,itabl-
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I v
proineg'alig, IM LU# Of CASt-ifOn dig$ JUSedl for Cold'i
drawing of P*Clml ShOtt metal. I - N. 114),Arhev dmi %%
&-jibrvivoli. PAdy. ('nil. Ind. Jail. j,". .,;. .11. Kl,,,m
No. 10. A4 7,110044)-himl 41311ahle for 11- i. a
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FBOGACK-~,-,T, 1. 1;.
Fundzimental modiN cations of cast-iron Sverdlovsk, Gos. nauch.-teklin. izd-vo mashi-
nostro-A. lit-ry, 19h8. 37 p. (50-21370)
TN7]().B57

BOGACHEV 1 11. and V. F. SMIKEVICH
Straktura i svoistva porshnevykh kolets. Moskva, Mlashgiz, 1949- 127 P.
4 plates, diagrs.
Bibliography: p. 127.
Structure ard properties of piston rings.
DLC: Tj533.B6
SO: MAnufacturing and Mechanical Engineering inthe Soviet Union, Library
of CongTess, 1953.

60&.ACkiF_V) I-N.
PHASIZ I TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIOGRAI-HICAL REPORT' AiD 437 1
BOOK Call No.: TN756.B58
Authors: BOGACHEV. I. N. and POPOV, A. A., editors
Full Title -.~___PHASE 9L-UNSFORMATION IN IRON-CARBON ALLOYS
Transliterated Title,.- Fazovyye'prevrashcheniya v zhelezouglerodistykh
splavakh
Publishing Data
Originating Agency: None
Publishing House: State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of
Literature on Mechanical Engineering
Date; 1950 No. pp.: 174 No. of copies: 4,000
EditorlAil Staff: None
Text Data
Coverage: This is a symposium on phase transformations in iron-carbon
alloys consisting of eight lectures delivered by six professors in
metallurgy in seminars on the tha-ory and practice of heat treatment
ol" ste-el at the S. M. Kirov Ural Polytechnic Institute:
if I. N. Bogachev's lecture deals with physics 'of the liquid phase,
formation and growth of nuclei, kinetics of crystallization of pure
metals (tin, lead, zinc), and particularities of crystallization of
steel and cast iron. Curves, diagrams.
2. A. A. Popov discusses in great detail the diffusional shifting of
phase limits in equilibrium diagrams depending upon the decrease in
1/4

Fazovyye 1?revrashcheniya-v zhelezouglerodistykh splavakh AiD 437 - I
the radius of curvature of the phase surfaceo direction of shifting,
rate of diffusional shifting, dtffusional formation of one phase at
the expense of anotherj and,for-nation of diffusional layers. Curves
dIagrams.
3. In this lecture A. A. Popov makes an attempt to establish theoret-
icial principles of formatiork,of austenite, rather than outline the ex-
tensive experimental data.''Therefore,, he gives special attention to
a) the concept of kinetics of diffusional shifting of phase limits,
and b) grounds for a poasible coexistence of two different mechanisms
of tranofoxiaation,, 'which he calls "diffusional" and "non-diffusional".
Plates- curves, diagrams.
4. V.'D. Sadovskiy describes in detail the process of transformation
of austensite to martensite., basing his conclubions on inv'estigations
of Soviet sclentists, especially on the experimental research conduc-
ted by G. V. Kurdyumov for many years and awarded a Stalin prize in
1949. Plates, curves, diagrams.
5. L. Ei Shevyakinale lecture concerns mathematical methods of solv-
JL,icthe-~problemcf transformation of austenite on continuous cooling on
thz!'basis of the isothermal transformation diagram. Curves, tables,
dia,graMB.
6.- V. F. Senkevich investigates the eutectoid transformation of cast
iron with pearlite base. He notes some particularities in the behavior
2/4

"Fazovyye prevrashcheniya v zheldzouglerodistykh splavakh AID 437 1
of:aiistenite In cast iron, describes the kinetics of isothermal trans-
forma 'tions of austenite, transformation of austenite on continuous
cooling, and formation of free ferrite. Plates.. diagrams.
7. A. A., Popov discussed the decomposition of austenite in euteotic
carbon steel and alloyed steels during continuous cooling at various
ratets, ae; well as the effect of carbon content and 7arious alloying
cons *tituents (metals) on the highest and lowest critical cooling
rates. Curves,, tables.
8. V. C. Permyakov gives a,theoretical analysis and experimental
data of the structure and transformations of tempered carbon steel,
0. V. Kurdyumov's scheme of the tempering process, mechanism of de-
composition of martensite during tempering of carbon steel, and
particularities of decomposition of martensite during tempering of
alloyed steels. Curves.
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES
4-17
1. N. Bogao'llie,.T., Crystallizati~.n of the I,iquid Phase
2. A. A. . Poooi~, --SItifting of Phase Limits
Diffusional. 18 3
A. A. Popov., RegIularities in-Formation of Austenite j6:R
V. D. SadoVskiy,,-Tiansformation"of Austenite to Martensite 5-100
5. L. R. Shevyakina..'.Transformation of Austenite on Continuous
Cooling and the Isothermal Diagram 101-120
3/4

Fazovyye previsashcheniya v zhelezoug161.,odistykh splavakh AID 437 -,1
PAGES,
60 V. F.. Se
nkevich, Eutectdid Tx~insformt ion in Cast Iron 121-135
7. A. A. Popov, TransformationoT Austenite on Continuous..
36-15
Cooling. 1
8. V. G-.~ Permyakov, Transformation.during Tempering of Steel 150-M
Purpose: This volume of collected lectures is meant for engineers.,
technicians and scientific personnel working in the field of
metallurgy and heat treatment.
Facilities: None
No. of Russian and Slavic References: 44 at the end of chapters
Available: Library of Congress.
4/4

BOGACHEVI, 1. N.J ed.
The heat traatment of metals; materials of the conference of the "ral Department
of the All-'Union Scientific and Technological SoclAty of Machine Constniction
Moskva, Gos. nauclino-tekhn. izd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry 1950. 413 P.
(52-23331 rev)
TN672.V8
1. Metals - heat treatment. 1. Bogachev, I. N., ed.

BOGAGRIV, I.N.
[P.P.Anosov and the secret of Dameaus steel] P.P.Anosov i sekret bulata.
Sverdlovsk. Goa. nwachno-tokhn. Izd-vo muhinostroit. lit-ry [Uralo-Sibirskoe
otd-nis Maohgizsj 1952. 138 P. Off-RA 6:10)
(Azosov, Pavel Petrovich, 17971-1851) (Steel--History)

vo

A
LIVOVSKIi. P.G.,- PALIKOV* Ye*V., professor doktor, ratmensent; IRABNOV,
K.V., Inshener, retuousent; ZAKROGHINSKIT, S.V., Inshoner, zitsensent;
SHKLOVSKIT, K.B., isishoner, retsonsent,- DOGACIWI--.I_.N., professor
dektor takhaichaskikh nauk, vedaktor.
kandidat takhni-
chaskikh nauk, redaktor; SARANOV, VoN*, kandidat tokhnicheskikh nauk,
redaktor; RYZHIKOV, A.A., kandidat takhnichookikh nauk, redaktor;
7ILIPPOV, A.B., kandidat takhalchoskikh nauk, rodaktor; CHERNOBROVKIN,
V.P., kandidat tokhAiaheakM &auk, redektor; YAKMVICH, K.T.. kandi-
dat takhaicbeskikh nauk, rodaktorl GRIORMIANKOt Xoro, lashener. redaktor-,
ZASLAVSXIY, I.A.. inshener, rodaktor; 1MOKIIA V, V.Z.. Whener, redak-
tor; SOIXII, M.D., inshenert redaktor.
L*mual f or the uschmic in a notallureical plazt] By ravochmos ruko-
v*dstvo moldhimmilro motallurgichsakop saveds.. lsd.3-, isyr.i dep.
MookTa, Goo* manchno-takhn, isd-yo lit-ry po ohernol I tsTstnol metal-
lurgii, 1953. 1112 p, (mm 7t4)
(M.mobanical saginserlag-Randbooks, mmuals, etc.)

BOGACHEV,
-ei the i~wf,~_u W., Wnjot.~~rf- 71;_,.-r~.; in the "it7iep C:t
w1b; r0, OvirAF to-
))Fute 1-wet; wsbir-Itted for
Fe';
Tltle of Worl~
Bogachev, I.No
Pyatnitskiy, A.N.
"P.P. Anosov and the Sec!,ot
of Darpascus Steel's (popu-
lar-scientific book)
Wxjonltt~,;, hy
Ural Polytechnic Institute
ineni S.Y. Kirov

'
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Y
I
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A
.

owl.
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i
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e -IOmk
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-
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"t ,
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V~ I'.% 'tht M1170 Atld ill rTalli b(!URXhLrit-,. f
~
-- I
iz
r
L . . . I - ), -
' trducvd Owt:!
4 N.;O- n~, a;,,:! i
iliia-i, M.-Id the Cftilltntitt tit C-09C ti, glupait,2, ThU7,
H, )"-j:redum1 when c-cokentite ptv,-~nt ithin the Sxabln

--brr (owe, Ir'-pi IN'JIM -SMTit: tVllq %N-1-Tv ~!Nt annuAcd in
Of 411

it A Oocd -
increawd fr= about 0.3 (r.
widemptitclomied ill the Crain3plid j~r-jlll bal w1arki;
0 41
A In vil
niTo 'nirl Si;e 44 It zo ;rnlns ptr FAI~ 321111.
e~ -.-.
although Aniv giraphite ww% pi-mmi after th-, first ato..eal.
P
vral Produced by a Z-br. zknp
llnt I 1~0' 1P110wri:1 tjY. int-ruce -pM
-9 greater arr
twage of C %va than 0.01.5 the l: er
It the
spemirns th-;t- Inid ticia ltmk---c& in
-
-
- .
,
PmWllit 9-
8151" In
5"cd. NH, wm given a second anne
ni .t
'
a. pitck
'
'ileas vitreArcalburim'd front 0.015,Z C to 0..'Y,14 by Una.-
ir, rol uvitl cvntW
V
.rr, 11, fi= alwa 0.335 toji..5,1)
'
Oes-- !T-.1 even thouj:h the C decrMsedIL-mr) 0.01'StOOA)I3ff
/
v 11, j0, 8 Jiro. --t Later' anilealing in7
Ill
"-
was thi-I r
I 1krostmeturA. studies ~ihuwcd that thi
*
c
-.,a6umn or In III 11ki not chaugr 11, fmal W3 illit~li value nf

iistyibutirv:i cd pail of the cm-mfile from t-he
grain vj5;b1v ill
about 0.2 -aud dij nor catize ckay 1-i- -f c t- 1-
cture. Tcsts u-m run to d,-r. the
jc

n itim 611ler barill~.&I-li"It c
hir.V. 41. 3.-W41 -ultermtd. a solid solu. These sp"cinicos
On4l'i-iA aging a
though thr. C was fmwl only in ths-to a Vmrea= -dcdji~~Olindissocd, V11,, and then air cool&d
-~-~jnc instimcm its tuut. was redumL When ~i^,Imclm 4 ter StdtLbud bratitig to SrAl'. In Fp~!-imens rm"K.
itial anneial-iii )Is atru., tho Thiciostrwfure
were the Int thim.101.0111,;4D Ci-hannalizing tended to dme-IR 11, bY ltv'3t

'm
CtMelltire in the gmils as at,the 1,
m thttli 0.0112% C !o, lacreme
wtAg. na-
-
boundaries. A sacant am-1 -it SW* i n vacuum "accd, it by about 0.1. Whm normalized speciniens conxg. It&S
11, from at~ut 0.4 4 to 0.25 withouRL. Vne as agzurt priefc"t than O.OjJq C vivue arcd pt 200*, 11, hwrcas~d from 0.25
Vr ivjj nn~!21~~ 8-14)* in )I-, iTwirraed
-!mly ~tj to about 0.0 arA stayrd titeit for the loug,st d-
- WX hy-S. At an aging lemp, .1 5IX)" jj, inccrva5cd tit A-ut
0,6 in 5 hrs. but ty 10 hirs. 1,.,d ileemascd rizain to tl-t 0.3
zM ii.slayttl 0 Ois vatur to 45 hrs-, tb-- langtSt tinic uled.

a p~r~ couid b-- rieta in the Paul hou
1)000 one.

the trutment hut:mcit -Jter the
kll~ Chtl

t-7
x tiddii..0 up to.3.7 at, Ni to.
titdifurtbaitfema~eti,344. The
t ftndiD6 of -Si cmirill
*Ai 4t liquid,mA tupp~ ~ql sl*ci-.
x4ltevl rontjg~ o"'65 si'sTi was-is
Z113 " oj-wv ill, 65 at 35.10)"
125,MG,"' ?Tht NANO 101 -83
while tbcw icir
.U031had r"w'Catbide hl-
idaiies *bile the il"tik ittfl* had
hi theulixSlechlorilinatEd At

41

i=i R- I

TIUIMOV, A.K., doittor skonomichaskikh nauk, glavrqy redaktor-, 40GAgEly. J,&,
doktor tekhnichaskikh nauk, professor, redaktor; MYCOOGOT, V.Ta.' -001w1k.-
kandidat intoridbeskikh nauk, doteent; KOZLOV, A.G., vedushchiy
redaktor
[Mining and metallurgical industry in the Urals at the end of the l8th
century and the beginning of the 19~h; a collection of documents)
Gornozavodskaia promyshlennosti Ural& na rubezhe XVIII-XIX vv.;
abornik doimmentalinyWh materialov. Sverdlovsk, 1956. 297 P.
(XLRA 9:11)
1, Akademiya nauk SSSR. Urallskly filialp Sverdlovsk. Komi6elya
po ietorii tekhniki.
(Ural Mountain voegion-Mineral industries)

GULTAYNT, Aleksaidr Pavlovich; doktor telrhaichoskikh souk,
professor, retsesseat; -I-mndit&t takhnichookikh mauk,
dotment, rodaktor; FR7RDT, I.A., rodaktor; ZUDAKIN, I.M.. tokhai-
chookly rodaktor.
[PhysicaLl notallurg1r] NotalloTedemis. Izd- 3-0, parer. Hooky&. Geo.
izd-To mber.promyshl., 1956. 343 p. (mLaA 9:6)
(Posical metallurgy)

7-
4
USSR/Phase Transformation in Solid Bodies. E-6
Abs Jour : Referat Zhur - Fizika, No 5) 1957, 11732
Author : Bogachev, I.N.
Inst :---------------
Title : on the Mpchanism of Formation of Globular Graphite in
Gray Cast Iron.
Orig Pub : Sverdlovsk, Mashgiz, 1956, 214-221
Abstract : A critical survey of the existing theories of globulariza-
tion of graphite and the justification of the author's
theory, according to which the formation of globular gra-
phite ---an be explained by the features of the conditions
under which the eutectic is crystallized. When the liquid
phaae is supercooled, the fluctuations of the composition
cause the formation and independent growth of austenite
and graphite crystals. The eutectic crystallization pro-
per begins when an austenitic shell is formed around the
graphite., similar to the formation of "hoops" according
Card 1/2

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION 745
._Pogachev, Ivan Nikoj~!~yich, Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor
Sekret bulata (The Secret of Damascus Steel) Moscow, Masbgiz,
1957. 89 p. (Series: Iz istorii mashinostroyeniya r.,
Urale.. vyp. 1) 4,000 copies printed.
Ed.: Sustavov, M.I., Engineer; Tech. Ed.: Dugina, N.A.;
Editorial Board of Series: Aleksandrov, A.I., Candidate of
Technical Sciences; Sadovskiy, V.D., Doctor of Technical
Sciences; Volskov, A.A., Candidate of Historical Sciences;
Dovgopol, V.I., Engineer; Kozlov, A.G., Senior Scientific
Worker, Archives-Section; and Yasenev, D.A., Engineer.
PURPOSE: The book Is intended for engineers, technicians,
scientific workers, researchers, students of mechanical
engineering and metallurgists.
Card 1/3

The.Secret of Damascus Steel 745
COVERAGE: The author bases this book on an investigation of
the printed works of Pavel Petrovich Anosov (1799-1851), on
documents front various archives and on historical and literary
sources. P.P. Anosov was a mining engineer with the rank of
general, who initiated the developments of methods for producing
high-quality Damascus steel at the Ural Steel 'Works in the town
of Zlatousto famous for Zlatoust sabers. Anosov also worked as
a geologist for the mining industry and he worked in machine
building. He was one of the organizers of the mining industry
in the Ural region in the first half of the l9th century. His
ideas have been further developed during the Soviet regime.
There are 32 Soviet references.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Introduction 3
Ch. I. Beginnings of [Anosov's) Creative Activity 8
Card 2/3

The Secret of Damascus Steel 745
Ch. II. Experiments Making Cast Steel
Ch. III. Origin of Damascus Steel
Ch. IV. Investigations of Damascus Steel
Ch. V. Discovery of the Secret of Damascus Steel
Ch. VI. Organizational Activities
Ch. VII. Later Investigations of Steel
The Published Works of P.P. Anosov
Notes [Bibliography)
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress (Tj86.u7lq)
GO/ksv
Card.3/3 10-27-58
18
28
34
45
58
76
89
89

P-1 C-
XMRYAVTSHT. I.V., doktor tpkhnicheskikh nauk, professor; SAYVINA, N.N.;
BARILNOI-A. N.B., kandidat t~khnicheskikh nauk; RALA ANOV N.A.-.
0
T-. doictor tekhnicheskikh nauk, professor, reteenzent;
N.I:: kandidat tekhnichaskikh nauk.-'redaktor; SIROTIJF.,
A.I...Inzhener. redaktor izdatellstva; NAMYRTA. U.N.,
takhaicheakiy rodaktor
(Structural strength of nodular cast iron] Konstrukteionnata
procknost' chugtwa. s sharovidnym grafitom. Moskva. Gog.
nauchno-takhn. Izd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry, 1957. 158 P5
I (Cast iron) (MLRA 10:6

q 0 (mr, 1~ r-
I--
ZAKHAROT, Boris Petrovich: BOGACHEV, LN., prof. dolptor tekhn.nauk. retsenzent;
RYBIU, 7-Y.. X&MYXV. I.Ts.. inzh., rateenzent;
DUGINA, N.A., tekhn.red.
[Heat treatment of metals) Termicheskals obrabotka metallov. Moskva.
G09. nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo maubluostroits lit-ry, 1957. 302 P.
(Metals--I%at treatment) (MIRA 11-.2)

%N"Nfi&wdoktor takhnicbeekikh rAukp reteenzent; GCRWKOV, A.A.,
doktor takhniobaskikh nauk, retsenzent; SAMOTIA)V. S.I., professor,
retsencent: ZMKOV, ?.A., kandidat ekonomicheskikh nauk, retsenzent;
FALIMOY, Ta.V., doktor tekhnicheakikh nauk, redaktor; SOKOLOVSKIT,
V.I., leandidat takhnichookikh nauk, redaktor; SARAFANNIKOTA, G.A.,
tekhnichaskiy redektor
(Improving qua;ity and operating econour of machines] Povyshenis
kachestva, i ekonomichnosti mashin. Pod red. X.V.Pallmova i V.I.
Sokolovskogoo Moskva. Goo.nauchno-tekbu. izd-vo mashinostroit.
lit-ry, 1957. 626 p. ~Kmk lotq)
1. Fauchno-takhnicheskoys, obahchostvo masaluostroitellnoy
prourshlennosti. Sverdlova*o*ye otdolettys
(Machinery inAustr7)

67417
?/00 SOV/123-59-12-46684
Translation from: Referativnyy,zhumal. Mashinastroyeniye, 1959, Nr 12, pp 108-109
(USSR)
AUTHORS: Senkevich, V.F., Bogachev, I.N.
TITLE: Ieothermic and Staggered Hardening of Steel
PERIODICAL: V ab.: Materialy Nauchno-tekhn. konferentsil po probl. zakalki v gorya-
chikh sredakh i promezhutoohn. prevrashcheniyu austenita. Vol 1, Yaros-
lavlt, 1957, PP 119-132
14
ABST&ACT: The properties of 45 Kh, 45G2 and.371W steel grades and of 18KWA and
20WNWhigh alloy cemenfe-dsteels' are investigated after heat treatment
en alkali. 45Kh steel was oil-hardened at 8600C with subsequent
annealing at 500 - 550 - 600 - 6500C and isothemic hardening in molten
alkali in the temperature range of the second phase of supercooled austen-
ite decomposition at 375 - 4oo - 425 - 45ooc. The smelts of 45Kh steel
showed extremely individual features. When being oil-hardened, a distinct
difference in the magnitude of ak can be observed between individual smelts
at iumealing temperatures of 500 and 6000C. Isothermic treatment at 42r,- -
Card 1/2 4500C increases a,, after annealing. Hardening at supercooling temperatures

67417
Isothermic and Staggered Hardening of Steel SOV/123-59-12-46684
of 160 - 1800C warrants the same level of mechanical properties as oil-hardening, if an-
nealed to the same degree of hardness. 45G2 steel possesses a high after hardening
in molten alkali and annealing at 550 - 6500C. Oil hm-Ndening of 37 1 steel and super-
cooled hardening at 160 - 1800C result, at equal annealing temperatures, in the same
level of mechanical properties. Isothermic hardening of 37Kh.S steel., carried out at.,
350 - 375~C, ensure a sufficiently high ak, but, deviating from the optimum supercool-
ing conditions, it, is accompanied by an abntpt increase in the threshold of cold
brittleness. Staggered hardening at supercooling temperatures of 180 - 2000C With
15 - 20 minutes scaling in the abth is an efficient method of hardening 18Kh*NVA and
2OKh2N4A steels in molten alkali. 6 figures, 4 references.
S.A.I.
Card P_/2

S/123/59/0()0/010/029/068
AOo4/Aoo*i
Translation from% Referativnyy zhurnal, Mashinostroyeniye, 1959, No.. 10; p.
114, # 38o62
AUTHORS: Bogachev, I.N., Mints, R.I.
TITLE: The Combination of Heat Treatment and Oxide Coating in Molten
Oxidizers
PERIODICAL- V sb.: Materialy Nauchno-tekhn. konferentsii po probl. zakalki
v go-r7achikh sredakh i promezhutoohn. prevrashcheniyu austenita.
1. Yaroslavl', 1957, PP. 265-270
TEXT: The oombination of hardening and tempering with the oxide-coating
process makes it possible to obtain components which do not only possess high
mechanioq properties-but are also highly corrosion-resistant.~IlThe melts of
the NaOHXkNaNo~ and NaOH -NaNO2 systems.have a minimum melting point of 250-
2600C and can be used for temperature ranges in which the oxide coating process
can be combined with isothermal and stepped hardening or tempering. The optiiwim
composition with which the oxide film possesses the highest corrosion resistance
Card 1/2

S/123/59/000/010/029/068
Aoo4/Aooi
The Combination of Heat Treatment and Oxide Coating in Molten Oxidizers
is 80% NaOH 4. 20% NaNO~. In the molt oomposed of N&011 - NaVO - NaN02 the
oxide film does not acquire a higher corrosion resistance, Z2 the melt con-
alsting of three chemicals has a longer operation life than melt's of only two
chemicals. The anticorrosion propertiea of the obtained oxide films are deter-
mined by the first minutes of the oxidation process. The optimum duration of
oxide coating at 4000C is 20-30 min, while at a temperature of 5000C it is 10-
20 min. The optrium temperature ensuring an increase in the corrosion resistance
of machine parts by 6-7 times is 4W-5000C, while a treatment at 3000 results
in an increase in corrosion resistance by 3-4 times. There are 4 figures and
9 references.
S,A.I.
Translator's note.- This is the tull translation of the original Russian ab-
stract.
Card 2/2

B0GAr?",m&mA,, doktor tekhnichaskikh nauk, professor; GITELIZON, TaX.
inzhener, POMMMSKAYA, T.M.. inzhener; YURGBNSON, A.A., Inshener.
Investigating the cavitation and erosion resistance of the 38mhmIUA
zinc coated and nitrided steel. Vest.mash. 37 no.9-24-26 S 1.57.
(MLRA 10:9)
(Steel--Testing)

129-2-10/11
AUTHORS: Bogachev, I.JLj Grozin, B.D. and Gulyayev, A.P.,
-Docto-r-B-of-Technical Sciences, ProfessoA.
TITLE: Scientific and Technical Conference on Heat Treatment of'
Metals Held in Warsaw (Nauchm-tekhnicheskaya konferentsiya
po termicheskoy obrabotke metallov v Varshave)
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, 1958, N0.22
pp. 52 - 55 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: The Polish Society of Mechanical Engineers convened a
conference for October 7 - 81 1957 on htat treatment of metals,
in whichabout 1 500 people participated "rom Poland and there
were also delegates present from the Soviet Union and East
Germany.
S. Przegalinski read a paper on "The Principles of Selection
of Alloy Structural Steel"; this author believes that
excessive importance is attached to ductility properties and
considers that important criteria in selecting structural
steels are the structure in the hardened state and also the
hardness distribution along the cross-section. The authors
of 1-1his report do not fully agree with some of the opinions
expresseu in this Polish paper.
Prof. A.P. Gu1jayAvread the paper "Isothermal Transformation
Cardl/5 of Austenite in High-speed Steel" which was originally published

129-2-10/11
Scientific and Technical Conference on Heat Treatment of Metals
Held in Warsaw.
in Ao.12, 1956, of this journal. At the sectional meeting,
A. Iloszczynski and G. Matyj read the paper "Chemical-heat
Treatment Inside Liquid Media Using Induction Heating" which
attracted great attention; they described a simple method
consisting of submersion of the inductor and a specimen into
a liquid which contained the elements necessary for saturating
the steel. After heating of the specimens by the current, the
liquid surrounding the specimen starts to evaporate and forms
a vapour shell; the vapour decomposes, forming elements in
the atomary state which are absorbed by the surface of the
steel and diffused into the steel. Vie inductor voltage must
be so chosen that thermal equilibrium is reached and the
desired isothermal process is obtained. Some results relating
to case-hardetLing, nitriding and cyaniding are mentioned in
the paper.
L. Kalinowski read the paper "Carbon Balance During Gas
Cementation"; according to his calculations, only 2 - 4% of
the carbon which streams into the furnace is absorbed by the
metal, 36-50% is removed with the gases and 42 - 60% settles
Oard2/5 as soot.

129-2-10/11
Scientific and Technical Conference on Heat Treatment of Metals
Held in Warsaw.
W. Witek read the paper "Gas Cementation by means of Liquid
Hydrocarbons".
S. Kowal read the paper "Cementation of Steel by means of
vatural Gas".
Two papers were devoted to heat treatment of case-hardened
steels, namely:
J. Wyszkowski read the paper "Heat~Treatment of Case-hardened
Steels Taking Into Consideration the Grain Si3e", showing that
the heat treatment after case-hardening should be determined
by taking into consideration the grain size.
Z. Leszczynski, J. Lemnicka and J. Lemnicki read the paper
"Chemico-thermal Treatment of Gears".
E. Zmichorski read the paper "Heat Treatment of Long Tools
Maft of High-alloy Steels", describing an original design of
an electrode-salt bath for heating prior to hardening of
reamers made of high-speed steel, a sketch of which is shown
in Fig.4, p.54.
G. Prignic read the paper "Heat Treatment of Accurate Metering
Gauges".
S. Jablonski read the paper "Possibility of Applying Controlled
Oard3/5 Atmospheres for Heat Treatment in the Polish Industry".

129-2-10/11
Scientific and Technical Conference on Heat Treatment of Metals
Held in Warsaw.
P. Kosieradski read the paper "Cyaniding Bath".
B. KorwaknBki, S. Jablonski and Prof. B.'Sachir and J. Madian
read the paper "Equipment of Heat Treatment Shops and Heat
Treatment Furnaces".
S. OrzechoWBki read the paper "Application of the Method of
Mikved during Control Tests of Steel Components".
M. Kozlowski read the paper "Comparison of the Properties of
Components which were Heat-treated by Surface-hardening and
by Chemico-thermal Methods"
Dotsent R. Zmachorski read the paper "Influence of Magneto-
striction Oscillations on the Changes of the Structure and the
Properties of Hardened Steels"; he investigated high-carbon
steels with 1.13 - 1.60% carbon, containing 1.3-2.80/a chromi ilm
and no chromium.
Prof. F. Sztaub read the paper "Microhardness and Structural
Components of Induction-hardened, Righ-speed Steels", showing
that the microhardness of the carbide phase changes as a
function of the heat treatment regime (Fig.5).
Ya. Tymowski read the paper "Comparison of the Properties of
Structural Steels Improved by Heat Treatment and of Isothermally
uard4/5 hardened Structural Stei~ls" , in which he analyses literary data.

Scientific and Technical Conference on Heat Treatment oi e Is
Held in Warsaw.
He showed that allOV steels containingocarbide-forming elements
have higher creep values at 350 - 550 0 after isothermal
heat treatment to obtain acicular troostite.
There are five figures.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 5/5

SOV/ 137-58-9-19913
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiay, 1958, Nr 9, p 260 (USSR)
AUTHORS, Bogachev, I.N., Mints, R.I.
r ..... ~_.- -,
TITLE: Effect of Alloying Upon the Cavitation Erosion Strength of
Nodular Cast Iron (Vliyaniye legirovaniya na kavitatsionno-
erozionnuyu stoykost' chuguna s sharovidnyi-n grafitom)
PERIODICAL: Izv. vyssh. uchebn. zavedeniy. Chernaya m~!tallurgiya,
1958, Nr 2, pp 71-75
ABSTRACT: An erosion shock stand is used to study the cavitation ero-
sion strength (CES) of unalloyed and alloyed nodular cast irons
containing: a) ljo Ni and 0.2816 Mo, b) 8.316 Ni, and c) 15.476
Ni. It is established that Ni-Mo iron quenched from 8500C has
considerably h-,gher CES than unalloyed iron. Ni irons (with
8.3 and 15.41o Ni) have the maximum CES and have a micro-
structure consisting of spicular products of austenite decom-
position, but their CES is considerably lower than that of
Ni-Mo iron.
1. Cast iron--Erosion 2. Iron--Erosion 3. 14etals E.Sh.
Card 1/1 --Testing equipment
es

6
AUTHOR:
122--2-29/33
Draygor, D.A., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: The Third Scientific and Technical Conference in Klyev on the
Improvement of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of
Machines (Tretlya Kipvskaya nauchno-tekhnicheskaya kon-
ferentsiya po pov7sheniyu xznoBOBtOykosti i Broka sluzhby
mashin)
PERIODICAL: Vestnik Mashinostroyeniya, 1958, Vo.2, pp. 81-82 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: The conf erence was organised by the Kiyev region of the
NTO Mashprom (The Scientific and Technical Organisation of the
Mechanical Engineering Industry) and by the Institute of
Mechanics of Building Structures, Ac.Sc. Ukrainian SSR (Institut
stroitelnoy mekhaniki AN USSR). 430 delegates representing the
major institutions of the Ac.Sc. USSR and of the Ukrainian SSR,
the specialised research agencies and the large Soviet plants
heard and discussed 90 papers devoted to the study of the
mechanism of disintegration of surface layers in machine comp-
onents and to new methods of improving the wear life of compon-
ents.
In a paper by Academician S.V. Serensen, entitled "Endurance
Re3ebed to Wear and Fatigue" , a survey of Russian and foreign
studies was given with emph&sis on fatigue failures caused by
Cardl/8 wear, both as a result of the mechanical consequences due to

122-2-29/33
The Third Scientific and Technical Conference in Kiyev on the Improve-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Machines
unequal wear and the formation of clearances in assemblies and
as a result of a change in the physical and chemical condition
of contact surfaces.
R.D. Grozin, Corresponding Membw of the Ac.Sc. Ukrainian SSR_. in
a 1~aper en-6itled "The Complex Method of Analysis of Components
Working Under the Conditions of Rolling Friction" presented a
method which includes the combined use of electron microscope,
X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic analyses to judge the con-
dition of the surface layers in association with wear tests and
static mechanical tests under tri-axial non-uniform compression
at different temperatures. It is claimed that with the help of
this method, the relation between the contact endurance strength
of steel and the factors defining the condition of the surface
can be established.
In a paper "On Temperature Measuring Methods in tihe Friction
Process between Solid Bailies", by S.A. Sukhov, Cgndidate of
Technical Sciences, a method for measuring the temperature
gradients in the immediate vicinity of the friction surfaces
with the help of a natural thermocouple was presented. Both
sliding bodies (pin and j~ing) are made of the same material, but
the pin end face is ' vered with a thin layer of another metal
Of

122-2-29/33
The Third Scientific and Technical C-nference in Wev an the Improve-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Machines
which constitutes the natural thermocouple of which one junction
is the sliding surface and the other is the bond between the pin
face and the coating metal.
Great interest was aroused by the paper "The Variation of Wear
Resistance of Certain Anti-friction Alloys under Buclear Radiation
by B.L. Slin1ko. Precipitation-hardening alloys (beryllium copper
QP and nickel silicon bronze Bp. KH 1-3) have their strength and
wear resistance increased by nuclear radiation. Alloys changing
their properties mainly as a result of phase transformations and
having a higher re-crystallisation temperature change their
properties insignificantly.
In a paper "Foundations of the Cavitation-erosion Failure of
Ferrous Alloys", I.N. R~ehev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, and
R.I. Mintsl~' Candi"a V~,~eMcnical Sciences, generalised the
studies of the effect of the chemical and phase composition of
iron carbon alloys on their cavitation erosion resistance.
Increasing the carbon content from 0.023 to 1.20/a improves the
erosion resistance. The effect of alloying is due solely to the
metallographic structure obtained. A pronounced improvement of
Oard3/8 erosion resistance is obtained in spheroidal graphite cast iron

122-2-29/33
The Third Scl.*ntific and Technical Conference inKlyev on the Improve-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Machines
by alloying with 1% nickel and 0.3% molybdenum.
Engineer L.A. Chatynyanin his paper "Investigation of the Wear
of Nickel Alloys under Dry Friction at Elevated Temperatures",
reported the resalts of his test which showed nickel alloys to
have the best wear resistance at high temperatures, whilst the
initial hardness is of little consequence. The optimum 8ompos-
ition of a new alloy with a high wear resistance at 400 C was
given, whilst high-speed steel and ordinary chromium steels have
little wear resistance under dry friction at high temperatures.
V.P. Grechin,"Candidate of Technical Sciences, concluded in his
paper "The Heat Resistance of Cast Iron as the Main Factor in
its Wear Resistance under Sliding Friction." that the hardness of
cast iron at high temperatures (up to 850 00) determines its
wear resistance. Based on numerous studies of various cast irons,
recommendations for alloying and for the application of cast
irons under different conditions were given.
It was noted by N.I. Kovalenko,,,Candidate of Technical Sciences,
in his paper "The Wear Repistance of Wire Ropes" that the rubbing
down of a wire rope is caused b an abrasive medium and its
failure occurs before fatigue stts in. The author recommended
Card4/8

122-2-29/33
The Third Scientific and Technical Conference in Kiyev on the Improve-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Machines
the deposition of anti-friction metals such as cast iroii or
aluminium. upon steel pulleys. In unlubricated operation, such
deposits increase the wear life of wire ropes by a factor of 2-3.
I.I. Frumin,"Candidate of Technical Sciences in hi paper
"Alloys for Wear-resistant Hard Facing Deposits" , ssated the
theoretical basis and methods of alloying to obtain the desired
results and surveyed the fields of application of different
methods of deposition on wearing components.
In his paper, "Electric Slag Method of Hard Facing for Wear
Resistance" I K. Pokhodnya"' Candidate of Technical Sciences,
suggested tLe ;lectric slag'process for hard facing of different
components and concluded that this method is appropriate when
large quantities of metal have to be deposited or when large
numbers of components require treatment.
M.V. Simonenko"'Engineer, suggested in his paper "The Electrolytic
Diffusion Method of Making Bi-metal Components" a novel method
of manufacturing copper base alloys. The alloying proceeds at a
temperature much below the fusion tBmperature of copper. Great
economies are achieved in labour cost and in scarce metals. Small
P8 scale and automatic production procedures can be applied. Service

122-2-29/33
Th~ Third Scientific and Technical Conference in Kiyev on the Improve-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Mach.Lnes
tests have confirmed reliable operation of bi-metal components
under different conditions.
In a paper "Electric Spark Hardening of Machine Components",
S.S. ABtaflyev?,Candidate of Technical Sciences, reported on a
novel electric spark hardening procese. The surface of the
steel is alloyed with the electrode metal, as a result of Instan-
taneous heat impulses occu3mLng in Tapid succession during spark
discharges. A special treatment head makes high output possible.
The wear resistance of nachine components is said to increase
2-6 times at room temperatures and 4-5 times at elevated tempera-
tures.
In a paper "New Anti-friction Materials and Coatings", I.Ya.
Allshits,lreported on work designed to evolve novel substitutes
for babbitt and high-tin--~,content bronze alloys. The following
have given good results:~-a) Moulded timber materials and
lastics based on phenoli~ and other resins with different fillers
cord and cotton fibres and others), in conjunction with water
~
lubrication. b) Idetalliled graphite, nylon and others for
elevated temperatures. c) Graphite-loaded materials and comp-
ositions of resin and graphite for working in corrosive media.
Card6/8

122-2-29/33
The Third Scientific and Technical Conference in Kiyev on the Impro-ire-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Machines
ard?/8
"Improvement in Wear Resistance and Service Life of Components
with Large Transverse Cross-sections by the Method of Surface
Quenching and Accelerated Heating in Heat Treatment Furnaces"
was the subject of G.T. Fomin,,Candidate of Technical Sciences,
who reported that accelerated heating of steel components to
achieve transition into an austenitiC state for the surface
layer alone makes it possible to intensify the heat treatment
of components with a cross-section exceeding 40 mm. The depth
of the quenched layer can be controlled without modifying the
structure of the core, so achieving the best combination of
wear resistance and impact strength.
U.S. Dombrovskaya,,Doctor of Chemical Sciences, and Yu.M.
Vinogradov, in a paper "The Improvement of the Anti-friction
Properties of Metals by Means of Thermo-Chemical Surface
Treatments", pointed out that, alongside nitriding and phos-
phating steels can also be improved in their anti-~friction
properties by enrichment with chloride or sulphide on their
surface. The latter methods mainly improve the anti-seizure
properties, whilst -the former improve wear resistance.
Sulphiding can be achieved in solid, liquid and gaseous media;

122-2-29/33
Th6 Third Scientific and Technical Conference in Kiyev on the Improve-
ment of the Wear Resistance and Service Life of Machines
chloriding, in a gaseous medium at a tempwature of about 200 0C.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 8/8*

AUTHORS: Bogachav, I. N., Mints, R. I. SOV/163-58-3-35/49
TITLE: The Effect of the Chemical Composition and the Phase
Composition on the ReaJstivity of Steels to Cavitation
and Erosion (Vliyaniye khimicheskogo i fazovogo sostava na
kavitatsionno-erozionnuyu stoykost' staley)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1958,
Nr 3, pp 215 - 219 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In thE! present paper the results obtained in the in-
vestigations of the effect of the chemical composition
and the phase composition on the cavitation and erosion
stability of steels are given. The effect of carbon on
the erosion and cavitation stability shows that with an
increase of the carbon content the erosion and cavitation
stability of steel increases. A steel samp16 with 0,4~*
carbon has the highest stability in this respect. Steel
samples of the same hardness and of different structure
have a different stability. Also the other elements
in steel effect this stability of steels. From the
Card 1/2 results obtained may be concluded that in the thermal

The Effect of the Chemical Composition and the Phase SOV/163-58-3-35/49
Composition on the Resistivity of Steels to Cavitation and Erosion
treatment of structural steels a uniform stnicture is
required to reach a practically uniform erosion and cavi-
tation stability. There are 5 figures and'I table.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut (Ural Polytechnical
Institute)
SUBMITTED: October 21, 1957
Card 2/2

129-58-8-5/16
AUTHORS: Bogachev I. N., Doctor of TechnicalScience, Professor
anT Mints, R.-T., Engineer
TITLE: Role of the Grain in the Cavitation-Erosion Failure of
Steel (Roll zerna v kavitatsionno-erozionnom
razrushenii stali)
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, .9,8, Nr 8,
pp 26-29 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Literature does not contain adequate information on the
inf luence of the grain size and grain boundaries on the
cavitation-erosion failure of steel. Therefore, in this
paper the influence is investigated of the size and the
character of the grain ahd also of its boundary on the
cavitation-erosion stabflity. The tests were carried out
on an iinpact-erosion test stand. The speed of rotation
of the specimens was 78 m/sec, the water pressure 0.28 atm,
the diameter of the outflow nozzle 8 mm, the distance
d = 1.4 mm. The graph, Fig.1, indicates that rvith
decreasing grain size the cavitation-erosion stability
of steel with a homogeneous structure (ferrite and
austenite) decreases. The cavitation-erosion stability
Card 1/3 is greatest if the grain size is largest. According to

129-58-8-5/16
Role of the Grain in the Cavitation-Erosion Fail-are of Steel
metallographic analysisl the cavitation-erosion failure
of ferrite and austenite begins along the grain
boundaries (Fig.2); with the progress of time the
boundaries begin to fail completely and, following that,
the grain breaks. Thus, the smaller the 6rain the larger
will be the size of the boundaries and the lower will be
the cavitation-erosion stability of the studied structures.
The results on the influence of the grain size on the
oavitation-erosion stability of heterogeneous structures
(Steel 40, U8 and U12) are graphed in Fig.3. ~~e
influence of ---he character of the grain and the grain
network on the cavitation-erosion stability of the steel
U12 is graphed in Fig.6 and the igfluence of the speeds
of cooling after tempering at 650 C on the cavitation-
erosion stability of the steel 35KhGSA is graphed in
Fig-7; the latter steel has a considerably lower
cavitation-erosion stability in the brittle state than
in the tough state. Thus, it can be concluded that the
ca.vitation-erosion stability of steels depends on the
size of the grain the character of the grain boundaries
Card 2/3and the body of tAe grain. The intensity of the failure

129-58-8-5/16
-Role of the Grain in the Cavication-Brosion Failure of Steel
is dete*.-Mined by a combination of the properties of the
grain and its boundaries. The obtained results indicate
that it is necessary to establish the relation betmeen
the cavitation-erosion stability of the steel and the
properties which are associated with its fine structure.
S2here are u figures and 5 references, all of which are
Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politel:hnicheskiy institut imeni Kirova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute Imeni Kirov)
I. Grains (Metallurgy)--Metallurgical effects 2. Steel--Erosion
3. Steel--Mechanical properties 4. Steel--Test methods
Card 3/3

BOGACM, I.N., prof., doktor takhn.nauk; RISHIMAK. Ih-D.. insh.
.I Plasticity of hardened and tempered steel. Izv.vyseuchebez&v*;
chern.met. no.8:127-132 Ag 158. (MIRA 11:11)
1. Urallskly politaftnichookly institut.
(Steel-Testing) (Deformations (Mechanics))
WO*

AIM, IE..14E;j DRUZHININA, L.P.
Graphitization of cementite. Trudy Ural. politekh. inst. no.68:34-37
458. - (KIRA 12:7)
(Cast iron--Hoat treatment)
(Cementite) (Phase rule and equilibrium)

BOGACHEV, I.N.; HINTS, R.I.
Investigating the oxidation process of steel in molten salts and
alkalies. Trudy Ural. politakh. inst. no.68:71-80 '58.
(MIRA 12:7)
Oteel-Hardening) (Oxidation)

SOV/137- 59- 3- 6422
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 3, p 212 'USSR)
AUTHORS- Bogachev, 1. N., Zhuravlev, L. G.
TlTLE: Certain Laws of the Abrasive Wear of Steel (Nekotoryye zakonon-ler-
nosti' abrazivnogo iznashivaniya stali)
PERIOD1CAL: Tr. Ural'skogo politekhn. in-ta, 1958, Nr 68, pp 81-87
ABSTRACT: The wear resistance (WR) of 19 cast steels of the types Kh, KhS,
KhSN~ KbGSNM, and KhN2F containing 0.20-0-50% C was investi-
gated by the Khrushchov rnethod. 11. was established that, other
conditions being equal, the WR of steel is a function of its Hv
value and of its structure. A linear relationship between the WR
and the Hv value is observed only within one and the same structure,
Lamellar structures exhibit a greater WR than the structures pro-
duced by tempering of martensite and possessing an identical Hv
value. The WR is significantly affected by the C content: whereas
Si increases the WR, Mo, Mn, and Cr do not affect it.
1. B.
Card 1/1

3(7) , PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3485
Bogachev, Ivan Nikolayevichp and Rafail Isaakoviah Mints
Kavitatsionnoye razrusheniye zhelezouglerodistykh splavov (Cavitation D-mage to
Iron-Carbon Alloys) Moscow, Mashgiz, 1959. 109 P. 3,500 copies prInteft
Reviewers, M. A. Aksellrod, Engineer, and E. E. Blyum, Engineer; Ed.- E. L.
KoloBova, Engineer; Tech. Ed.: N. A. Dugina; Exec. Ed. (Ural-Siberian
Division., Mashg-1z): A. V. Kaletina, Engineer.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for engineers and scientific workers studying
the cavitation resistance of metals.
COVERAGE: This book Is a study of the damage to iron-carbon alloys caused by
cavitation. The book contains materials published as a result of amistematic
study of cavitation metallography. It outlines efforts made to prevent cavi-
tation of metal and analyzes the causes and mechanism of corrosion. Methods
and equipment wied for determining the cavitation resistance of alloys,are
described. Deformations caused by hydraulic shocks are analyzed, and comparisons
of the cavitation resistance of iron, steel of different types, and other
alloys are made. Problems of increasing the cavttation resistance of machine
Card 1A

Cavitation Damage (Cont.)
SOV/3485
parts are discussed and a number of suggestions offered. Experiments were
conducted with the help of Engineers N. V. Murnina, T. M. Petukhova,
L. D. Slyusarevat and degree students D. Yedlevskaya, R. Korovina, G. Logipqva
N. Anfimova, R. D:)vbenkog T. Vostrotina, and Sh. Verkhoglazov. There are 70--Tef-
erences: 54 Sovlet~ 10 Englisho 5 German.and 1 French.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword 3
Introduction 5
Ch. I. Cavitation and Factors Influencing Its Development 7
Cavitation phenomenon 7
Concepts of the deterioration mechanism 14
Methods of Investigating the cavitation resistance of alloyv 22
Ch. II. Metallography of Cavitation Damage 30
Character of the cavitation effect on metals 30
Deterioration of mechanical mixtures 31
Deterioration of solid solutions 37
Card 2/4

Cavitation Damage (Cont.) SOV13485
Role of the grain and its boundaries 42
Characteristic features of cavitation damage 46
Ch. III. Cavitation Resistance of Constructional Steels 50
Pearlitic steel 50
Austenitic steel 62
Ch. IV. Deterioration of Gray Iron by Cavitation 70
Characteristic features of damage to cast iron by cavitation 70
Influence of the graphite shapei 72
Influence of the matrix metal 74
Influence of heat treatment 75
Influence of alloying 79
Ch. V. Ways of Strengthening the Cavitation Resistance of Machine Parts 85
Choice of material resistant to cavitation 85
Elimination of vibration 92
Card 3/4

I
Cavitaiion Damage (Cont.)
Increasing the water pressure and temperature
Surface strengthening
Changing the properties of the liquid
Bibliography
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 4/4
SOV13485
95
95
103
108
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18(3), 18(t)
AUTHORSt Bogachevo.I..N., RubeV, I. S. SOV1163-59-1-37150
TI,TLEt Microvolume Transformations of Low-carbon Silicon Steel
(Prevrashcheniya v mikroob".vemakh v nizkouglerodistoy
kremnistoy stali)
PERIODICAM Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkolyq Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1,
PP i'89-195(USSR)
ABSTRACT: This is an investigation of transformations occurring during the
heating and cooling in samples of transformer irc; with a carbon
content varying from 0,~01 to 0,05%. Heating and cooling
operations were carried out in baths. The samples were protected
against decarburization by nickel plating. When the samples were
heated to 6500 in a bath a dissolution of the carbides in the
alpha-solution was observed already after a halting time of
one hour. At higher temperature the carbides dissolve 9ven
faster. At 8000 and above undissolved carbides are found in
the structure,after harclsning,.if the halting time is prolonged.
They exhibit a dark. rim with a troostite-like structure. If
heating is carried through to 9501 the grainy carbides and the
fragments of the grain boundary zementits quickly dissolve
Card 113 during halting times of a few seconds. In the range of from

Microvolume Transformations of Low-carbon Silicon SOV1 63-59-1-37/50
Stee7l
950-11500 waotenite regions are formed at the boundaries of
the ferrite grains where they are in contact with the carbides.
In this temperature range austenite is in equilibrium with
ferrite (in the biphase region). After a sufficiently long
halting time the austenite spheriodizes to a relatively small
extent and afterwards remains in a,globular form. Even if the
halting times are very long the austenite is not absorbed by
the basic mass of the alpha-solution. If quenching (in
hardening) is employed, this globular austenite transforms
'fnto a martensite structure. If cooling proceeds slowly coarse
zementite inclusions are formed at the grain boundaries. If in
the structuxe of transformer iron comparatively coarse carbides
are contained, an intermediate transformation, the formation of
graphite, is observed. This graphite can also be dissolved, but
only at a heating to a temperature exceeding that required for
zementite dissolution. Thus the structural analysis furnishes
accurate results, whereas the application of physical methods
does not provide satisfactory information. The transformations
during cooling were investigated with samples which after
Card 2/3 heating to '10000 with a halting time of 10 minutes were cooled

Mi'crovolume Transformations of Low-carbon Silicon BOV/163-59-1-37/50
Stee'l
in baths with 450-;7000 and afterwards quenched in water. The
carbon content of the steel was 0,015 to 0.06%. The diagrams
obtained shovr that a reduction of the carbon content leads to
an increase of the stability of the alpha-solution and to a
retardation of the separation of carbides. The nature of the
carbide formations varies greatly in accordance with the
undercooling of the alpha-solution. Finely grained carbides have
the most detrimental.influenoe. They lead to a considerable
increase of the coercive.force. Hence in the heat treatment of
transformer iron it must be attempted to obtain the stipulated
finely-grained structure and the stipulated distribution', or
to decarburize the steel as much as.possible, There are
5 figures and 3 references, I of which.is Soviet.
ASSOCIATIONt Urallskiy.politekhnicheakiy ins Ititut (Ural Iskiy Polyti,-cbnical
Institute)
SUBMITTEDa April 11, 1958
Card 3/3

18(3) SOV/148-59-2w-14/24
AUTHORs~ Bogachev, I.N.9 :Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
TITM Letter to the Editor (Pistmo v radaktaiyu)
PERIODICALs izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Chernaya metallurgiya,
1959, Nr 2, pp_108-109 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs With reference to the disquesion on graphitization of steel
and cast iron between V.P. Zubarev and K.P. Bunin the author
rej9pto the theory developed by Zubarev. In his opinion,
Zubarev, who supports tWtheory on the direet decomposition
of iron carbide and graphite formation is wrong, as his itat6-
ments are not confirmed by experiments.
ASSOCIATIONs Ural'skiy politekhnioheskiy institut (Ural Polytechnicai
Institute)
jard 1/1

V2
7A,

019/022
Z073 12533
AMOR# mints. R. I.. Candidate of Technical Sciences
TXTLZt All Union, Sci-tifl-Tachnical Seminar on Improving
the Ca,jt4,tio. Resistance of Components. Sverdlovsk
PMODICALi Met.11.1,4visLy. i t.retieh-kay. br.b.tka
1960, or 0', pp 38-60 fUSSA)
ADSMCTe The sominair van hold at the initiative of the Problem*
Laboraterr car metallurgy at the Mral Palyti,chnical
laot1tt% im.fti a "ray 3%jutly with other
_6_r a _.-TZ-4-4 a -As -01A ,ia,r rap ....... lil- t
1.1wo.iiii. :ad
r ... arch .,.t.bl work* from Sverdlovsk,
P--, Ch.lyabiis.k. Barn.ul. Gar-kiy. Odes*.,
Leningrad, Yerevan, ?Wrmauk% ThArtkow and other
places pkirtitipatod. This raport-giviss brief sumisaviii.
at the following paper@ which were reads
a. D. Ter-AkepoY. Candjdoto at Technical Stl.nc.s,
-Covltatj-sX V.IL- 1. hydraulic t.rbi .. "I
L. 1. Ponar.kLy. Ragivear,, PCavitstion in hydraulic

h
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,
,

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LM9.
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* WHI
failure. L or. 2 M
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Card 1/2 Zaginoor. *Cavitation failures in oariat.Pr L
.
dldat* of Technical Set
Rka.
IMP. rCTIP
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diesel 4481:68:1.
Nagine.r, "1uar*a.9 at the c4vltaji
It J*ck*t and cylinder liner4 at the as *I engines 06
and 01241 I.M. BoaacbM,~ Doo%or it 'f6chn1eal Sciences.
at metallAS alloys
"Oth-Als, OT
&ad principle far the selection t such alloys-1
R. 1, Mass. Condl#ato at Technical Sciences. -Combatting
avit.tiom tallurs by issing addition. to
the liqui-I phase of closed By*%_a-j.R.5h. Shklyftr,
Candidate of Technical scion,", 0 agimoor.
and X_gg~tklnqr1ag1 *or. -Strue'.00,311MMEMn'th.
lot J.&t r So. cav"Llation failurs0l T.H.Petukhow.
KingLamor. -Xvicluonee at, the stvueture out ~arosl.Mft..
to cavitation I v a sididats at
Technical Sales
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A
82634
S/126/60/OIQ/02/004/020
F,111/E352
AUTHORS: Mellnikova, V.I. arj#zBoxachev, I.N.
TITLE: Volume Changes in the Alloy Ni 3MnNurlng Ordering
PERIODICALi Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1960, Vol. 10,
No. 2, pp 200 - 206
TEXT: It has been reported (Refs. 1-6) that transition of a
nickel-manganese alloy close in compositlonto the stoichiometric
into the ordered state is accompanied by changes in some
properties. The object of -the present work was to study the
corresponding volume changes in a Ni 3Mn alloy (25Q.60 Mn, 0.6% Fe, V~
0.03% C, m14% s, 0.24% Si and mo63% P). 3-mm diameter,
50-mm long cylindrical speelmens were tested on a Chevenard
d1latometer with automatic recording,
being used as the standard. Figs. 1 and 2 represent, respect-
ively, relative contraction for isothermal conditions as functions
of time (up to 23 hours) at various temperatures and of
temperature (350-515 0C) for the various times. X-ray structural
analysis by back reflection agreed with the volume changes
observed. Tests were also carried out with continuous heating
the test p~iece: Fig. 3 shows difference between the length
fard 1/3
E

0
82634
S/126/601010/02/004/020
Bill/E352
Volume Changes in the Alloy Ni3Mn During Ordering
changes of the standard and the specimen as functions of
temperature for different heating rates and the alloy in
different initial states. From the dilatometric curves the
coefficient of linear ewpan.sion of the alloy was found- this
is shovm-as a function of temperature for the ordered 8110y
(lefthand graph) and for the alloy pre-ordered at 485 C
(righthand graph); the corresponding curve for the disordered
alloy is shown in Fig. 5. The work confirmed the results of
preliminary experiments showing that transition into the
ordered state is accompanied by shrinkage. Volume-change and
ordering.attain greatest speed at 450 - 475 OC. It is
suggested that the volume change is due to different orderin3
speed below T . The order-disorder transition temperature
is 475 - 520 OE. The transition leads to a sharp change in
the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion in the
temperature range in which the transition occurs.
There are 5 figures and 20 references: 4 Soviet, 3 German,
4 international and 9 English.
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82634
S/126/60/010/02/004/020
E111/E352
Volume Changes in the Alloy N� 3Mn During Ordering
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy politekhnicheskiy institut im.
S.M. Kirova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute im. S.M. Kirov)
SUBMITTED: March 29, 196o
Card 3/3

12_P,~r
S/126/60/010/006/ol6/022
E193/E483
AUTHORS: D'yakova, M.A. and BogagbaX, I.Np
TITLE: Decomposition of the Beta-Solid Solution in a
Titanium-Manganeset Alloy
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i matallovedeniye, 1960, Vol.10, No.6,
pp.896-902
TEXT: The object of the present investigation was to study the
kinetics of the solid state transformation taking place in a
titanium-base alloy containing 6.5% Mn, 0.18% Fe, 0.07% Si,
0.05% C, o.o43% N and 0.0059' H; this particular alloy having
been chosen as one in which tl:e P-phase can be retained by
quenching. The experimental specimens were prepared by melting
the alloy in a vacuum-arc furnace, remelting it in an argon-are
furnace, forging, rolling to the final size and then vacuum- V~
annealing at 6500C. The kinetics of the de,_;omposition of the
P-phase were studied by the dilatometric method, hardness and
electrical resistance measurements and metallographic examination.
Some of the dilatometric measurements were taken on specimens
quenched from 9000C and then heated at the rate of 200*C/h.
Other experiments consisted in heating the specimens to 9000C,
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s/i26/6o/oio/oo6/oi6/022
E193/E483
Decomposition of the Beta-Solid Solution in a Titanium-Manganese
Alloy
transferring it to a salt bath and studying the changes of various
properties as a function of the duration of the isothermal
treatment. It was concluded from the results obtained that
decomposition of the P-phase can. take place in two temperature
ranges, separated by a temperature interval within which the
P-phase appears to be stable. One range extends from 420% up to Xx
the temperature of the polymorphic transformation, and decomposition
of the P-phase at these temperatures leads to the formation of the
a-phase. The second range extends from 150 to 400'C, the pr-oduct
of decomposition in this case being an intermediate w-phase. In
the 420 to 470*C temperature range, these two processes overlap and
the decomposition of the P-phase results most likely in the
formation of the a-phase, via the intermediate w-phase, The
formation of the w-phase is not reflected in any changes in the
microstructure of the alloy but is revealed by an increase in
hardness (up to 48-RC), a decrease in volume and a decrease in the
electrical resistivity (down to 1.4 ohm mm2/m), The decomposition
Card 2/3

s/126/6o/olO/0O6/Oi6/o22
E193/E483
Decomposition of the Beta-Solid Solution in a Titanium-Manganese
Alloy
of the P-phase, leading to the formation of the a-phase via the
intermediate w-phase, is accompanied by an increase in hardness, an
increase in volume and a decrease in electrical resistivity (down
to 1.0 ohm mm2/m). Finally, decomposition of the P-phase, leading
directly to the formation of the a-phase, brings about a decrease
in both hardness (down to 35 RC) and electrical resistivity (down
to 1.0 ohm mm2/m). There are 5 figures and 5 references:
2 Soviet and 3 English.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut, im. S.M.Kirova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute imeni S,M,Kirov)
SUBMITTED; July 30, 1960
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S10811611000101410141030
B103/B217
AUTHORS: Bogach6v, 1. N., Mints, R. 1.
TITLEt Erosion of iron-carbide alloys by cavitation
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. K11imiya, no. 14, 1961, 335, abstract
14TA200 (Sb. Povysheniye iznososto kosti i sroka sluzhby mashin.
T. 1. Kiyev, AN USSR, 1960, 36-M
TEXT: Some results of studies on the effect of chemic 'al and phase
compositions as well as of structure on the resistance of various types of
steel and cast iron to erosion by cavitation (REC) are presented. The REC
of alloys was studied by comparative tests. The essential characteristic
of this method is the repeated collision of th specimens with the water
jet. The REC was estimated gravimetrically . [Abstracter's note; Complete
translation,]
Card 1/1

S/123/61/000/012/003/042
A004/A10l
AUTHORS: Bogachev, I. N.; Zhuravlev, L. 0.
TITLE: Investigation of tie resistance to wear of steels during abrasive
wear
PERIODICAL- Referativnyy zhurnal, Mashinostroyeniye, no. 12, 1961, 15, abstract
12A115 (V sb. "Povysheniye iznosostoykosti i sroka zluzhby mashin
v. I". Kiyev, AN UkrSSR, 196o., 92-iol)
TEXT: The authors determined the resistance to wear of a group of alloyed
steels, depending on the structural composition and hardness during abrasive wear
and also during sliding friction of metal on metal with abrasive interlayer.
Specimens 3.5 mm in diameter and 35 mm long were tested at a sliding speed of
0.34 m/sec and a pressure of 14.7 kg,/cm2. The tests lasted 5 hours. The wear
magnitude was determined from the reduction in weight. As a result of the in-
vestigations it was found that for ferritic steels Mn, Cr, Mo and Cc do not
affect the resistance to wear, while C and Si increase it and Ni somewhat increases
the wear. Lamellar structures possess a 10-20% higher resistance to wear.
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S/123/61/000/012/003/042
Investigation of the resitance ... A004/A1O1
During the sliding of metal on metal with an abrasive interlayer the wear is
determined by absolute hardness values of the friction surfaces and their ratio.
V. Kolesnik
(Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Card 2/2

8/143/61/000/002/0(>4/006
A207/AI26
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Mints, R.
AI)THORS: _p2gachev I
Candidate of Technical Sciences
TUTM: On the principle ofseleetion of existenitic steel for parts working
under conditions of cavitational destruction
FERIODICAL: Energetika~no. 2, 1961, 97 - 102
The authors had previously conducted a studyjax' the metallographic
picture whichl.led to the derivation of laws facilitating taie selection of steel
gradings for certain conditions. The austenite steels are tentatively divided in-
to two gr6ups differing from each Qther by the various resistance to plastic de-
formation. The nature of these steels ic Judged by the change in the surface
hardness at different periods of cavitational &ction. A study of this action show_
ed that there were various featuj~es in the destruction of the au~tenite, having
different composition and nature. These features seem to be connected with the
resistance to plastic deformation. The authors give a detailed comparison. There
are 4 figures and 6 Soviet-bloc references.
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Sill43/61/000/002/004/006
On the pvinciple of selection of austenitic steel... A207/A126
ASSOCIATION: Urallskly politekbnicheskiy institut imeni S. M. Kirova, kafedra
met&lloVed6niya i te-moobrabotki (-nie Urals Polytechnical Institute
imeni S. M. Kirov, Department of Metal Science and Thermal Processing)
SVERMEW: January 29, 1960
Card 212

sA4 6i/boo/oWbog/oll
1 S-r-r- IL'119 lti"~ A133
A,61Y
AUTHORS: Bogachev. I- N-, Sachavskiy, A. F.-'~
TI=: The effect of the Q(-and C -phases on the hardening of austenitic
steel during deformation
J
PERIODICALt. Izvestiya vysshikh.ucb6bnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya, no. 2,
196k,,loo - 1o8
TEM It is known that the plastic deftkrmation of unstable austenitio steel
can be accompanied by phase transformations [Ref. 1, 2: B. Cina, Aota Metallurg.,
1958, 6. nq. 12; J. Gordon-Parr. J. Iron St. Inst., 1952, 171, 1-37] and that the
hardening degree depends o4-the mechanical working and pbase hardening [Ref - 3:
L. S. Moroz. Tonkaya struktura i prochnost' stali (The-Fine Structure and Strength
Of Steel), Mashgiz, 1957, 51, 80]., Thus unstable austenitio steel is of more
prictical-interest than stable one. The article presents information oB the
techniques and results of an Investigation'of unstable austenite during cold plast-
ic deformation in manganese and nickel steel. Pletal was melted in an induction
furnace; 30-kg ingots heated slowly to 1,160 - 1,2000C, soaked for 6 hours and
forged into rods; annealed for 2 hours at 9000,: reheated to 1,060 - 1,1000, soaked
card 1/3

27038
S/148/61/Ooo/bO2/oo9/O11
The iffoot of the 01 -and -phases on the hardening of..Al6l/AI33
for I h and hardened in water. Specimens out' from the rods were tension-tested at
&-constant deformation rate. An Amsler tensometer was used for the elongation
measurements. The quantity of deformation of martensite was determined magnetioal-
ly and by Xrrays; the irreversible length variations duringAhe heating of de-
formed speoi~iens were investigated with a Chavenard dilatometer. The hardefting
intensity varied abruptly at slight deformation and was practically constant at
elongation above 1%. The experiment results are illustrated in graphej, a set of
X-ray photographs and four photo-miarographs showing that martensite formed during
the d6formation of nickel steels, and the 6 -phase plus martensite in manganese
steels. Deformation-martensite was distributed differently - very nonuniformly
in manganese steel, and forming chains of crystallites in every grain when deforma-
tion was slight and the martensite ct~antity low, and uniformly and without orientf~-
Uon in nickel steels. The presence of E and its variation was seen in changing
intensity of (101) KO( on the X-ray pictures. Conclusions: 1) Stable as well as
unstable manganese austenite hardens at room temperature more than Eickel austenite;
2) At equal carbon conient, the hardening of unstable austenite is always higher r
than in stable and depends on the intensity of the martensite and E formation in
strain; 3) The higher hardening degree in manganese steel compared to nickel steel
:rorma-,
at the same intensity of martensite formation may be connected with the
Card 2/ 3

s/148/6 Vooq/om/b o9/01 i
7he effect of the Ot -and 6 -phases on the hardmUng.v&161/A133
tion; 4) The r formation causes the appearsince of oriented stresses of,the second
order in manganese steel, and the stresses have the inverse sign in relaiion to
the applied external stresses; 5) Relwmtion of oriented stresses of the second
order in m anese steel in the 170 - 3800C range is due to coherent inverse E -P
transformation; 6) The hardening in the temperature range above which no:.-More
and martensite is produced by deformation is practically determine& by the car-
bon content only. There are 7 figures and 5 references: 3 Soviet-bloo-'and 2 non-
Soviet-bloc. The two-references to English-language publications are cited in
text.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy politekhnicheakiy institut (Ural Polytechnical Institute)
suBKETTxD: july 8, 196o
02&d 3/3

S/12.9/61/000/011/003/010
'Elll/E135
AUTHOR., Bogachev, I.N., Doctor-of Technical Sciences,
WR;? e a a o _r
TITIE: Problems in the strengthening of austenitic steels
PERIODICALi Metallovedeniye i termicheakaya obrabotka metallov,
no.11, 1961, 20-24
TEXT: The author examines the strengthening of austenitic
steels in static and dynamic-loading'on the basis of work carried
out at the problemnaya laborat6riya (Problems Laboratory) of the
kafedra termoobrabdtki (Department-of Heat Treatment) of the
Uralloskiy politekhnicheskiy institut (Ural Polytechnical Institute)
In which he participated.* Stable and unstable austenite should
strengthen differently. However, in the case of static extension
of austenite containing 0.04% C the nature of strengthening was'the
same for different concentrations of other elements (Ref.l:
I.N. Bogachev, A.F. Sachavskiy,_sb. Uprocheniye staley,
Metallurgizdat, 1961). on the other hand resistance to small
plastic deformations was higher for type r 31 (G31) manganese
steel than for type 36 WO steel. Brinell test results
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Problems in the strengthening of S/129/61/000/011/003/010
EIIIIE135
showed a similar distinction. Introduction of carbon into these
steels increases the resistance to small plastic deformations and
the strengthening coefficient, the effect depending on
composition. Additional alloying with chromium (Ref.2:
I.N. Bogachev, A.F. Sachavskiy, Symp. "Science of Metals and
Foundry Industry". NIITYaZhMASh UZTM, 1960) increases the
strengthening coefficient of manganese steels. Plastic deformation
of unstable steels, in addition to strengthening the solid solution,
-is accompanied by formation of a- and c-phases (Ref-3:
I.N. Bogacheve-"PA.F. Sachav3k!yl Chernaya metallurglyal no.2. 1961).
This is particularly pronounced in m.-..ngane3e steels. In
austenitic manganese steels c.-martensite is formed when the
steel contains over 12% Mn, the plates more usually being.formed
in two or three intersecting planes and sometimes extending
beyond a grain. Such effects may be due to transition from one
orientation to another (Ref.4: I.N. Bogachev et al., Symposium
"Strengthening of Steels", Metallurgizdat, 1960). Preliminary
deformation can either increase or decrease the extent of the
transformation, depending on the temperature and degree of
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Problems in the strengthening of ... S/129/61/000/011/003/010
Elll/E135
deformation (Ref,5: L.S. Yershoval I.N. Bogachev, R.S. Shk1yar,
Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, no.7, 1961). The effect of
alloying elements on the y--J~c transformation has not been
studied sufficiently.' Quenching of iron-manganese alloys of the
ri8 (G18) type gives approximately equal quantities of austenite
and c-phases 20% plastic deformat-ion raises the latter to 60%
(10% a-martensite). Strengthening depends on the phase ratio,
which is influenced by manganese and carbon content. . Work
hardening of the solid solution In also involved. Comparison of
manganese and nickel steels with different phase compositions in
the hardened state shows differences in austenite stability.
In plastic deformation of stable austenite 20Hi8r6 (20Ni8G6)
steel, strengthening,is atrributable only to fine-structure changes.
Manganese austenite strengtheni more than nickel austenite. As
was to be expected, the peculiarit'ies nf the hardening of thf
various austenitic steels are mo'rc nronoui~ced with impact'thain
with static loading (Ref.6: R.I. Mints, I.N. Bogachev, Symposium
"Strengthening of Steels", Metallurgizdat, 1960, and Ref.7:
I.N. Bogachev, R.I. Mints, Izv. vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy,
Energetika, no.2, 1961). With repeated impact loading
Card 3/ 4

Problems in the strengthening of ... S/129/61/000/011/003/010
Zlll/El35
strengthening of manganese steels in slower than that of nickel
steels. Deformation of manganese austenite develops within the
grain, that of nickal appears at grain boundaries. Increase in
carbon content in the former delays deformation and fracture
becomes more uniform due to the effect of martensite; in the
latter the general nature of deformation remains unchanged,
although some strengthening of austenite occurs. The author goes
on to point out that ordinary mechanical properties cannot
atisfactorily characterize service behaviour of a metal in
:
ontact loading with a concentrated impact. With respect to
resistance to hydraulic impact (cavitation failure) the best
results are given by structurally unstable, homogeneous solid
solutions (austenite) which under micro-impact conditions
strengthen in several stages; mechanical strengthening of the
solid solution itself, strengthening through phase changes
(formation of a- and e-martensite) and strengthening of the newly
formed phases. Steels for turbines etc. should be chosen on this
principle. There are 8 figures and 7 Soviet-bloc references.
ASSOCIATION; Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut
Card 4/4 (Ural Polytechnical Institute)

BDGA2HSL-LH,; DAVYDOVp G.S.1 Prinimal uOhaetiya SHEN' DF-FAN
[Shen To-fang]
Wfect of ptreliminary isothermal hardening on the graphitization
6f white caot ijron.' Isvp vyse uchobs zavo; &erns met* 4:no,7.-154-
161 161. (MIRA 24:8)
1. Uralfoldy po3itekbnicheakiy institito
(Cait iron-Hirdening)

S/126/61/011/601/009/019
~Elll/E452
-i AUTHORS: --B-o -.ev I N Shklyar. R.Sh Slyusareva. L.D.,
-_Sacl
Mints, 'R. I."4fid S
yutkin, N.N.
TITLE: Change in Struclure and Phase Cotnt)ositkWX_0r some
A, t itic Steels in the Initial Stages or Cavitation
MA _1C An _2
Failur
PERIODICAL: Fizika meiallov imatalloved6niye, 1961, Vol.ll,*No.1,
pp.86,-93
-'-''TEXT:' B6gachev and Mints have previously shown that th
iresi
ta
t
it
ti
f
k
t
i
i
i
l
9
s
nce
Inickel and o cav
a
on o
aus
chromium-,
en
t
c n
c
e
manga ne a e
chromium-manganese steel (I ries greatly (Ref.1). The
Iobject of t he present work was to udy structural changes during
cavitation failure in the surface layers of the austeniti~ steels
iof the following types and compositions
C Ni Mn Cr
i- lKhl8N8 1XIS"s 0.12 8.39 0.92 18
05
OGI
0
4
~
4 .
SONOXI 0.31- 0-13~ 10-30 9-117

__!0_X_2_2_
1
8OG14
,4 0 H z.5
0#40 25.00 0.13
so r fit 0.81 1.10 14
40
5q 0
Car .
.

899420
S/126/61/011/001/009/019
E11l/E452
Change in Structure'and Phase Composition of Some Austenitic Steels
in the Initial Stages of Cavitation Failure
Specimens were plunged in water after holding for 30 minutes at
10500C. After removal of the outer layers, specimens were
subjected to the cavitation action of a magnetostriction vibrator
for 5, 101 15 and more minutes. Phase composition changes were
qualitatively determined from X-ray pat-terns obtained from a
polished section. Structural changes were determined from
xnterference-line wid,%,h and also changes in shape and dimensions o
i
i diVidual spots. The back-reflection camera provided three
n ivi
j=ges df the same interference ring on one film at different
specimen-film distances. Spot dimensions were measured on all
rings in tangential and radial directions with the aid of a
type 143A-2 (IZA-2) comparator. Patterns were obtained from the
rt of a given specimen after various treatments. Line vidt'
same pa h
was measured on patterns obtained separately in chromium radiation
With rotation of both specimen and film..- Two of the steels were
'-also studied electron-microacopically before and after testing for
5 and 10 minutes. The work showed that the austenite lines
obtained exclusively from all specimens before testing were;
Card.

S/l,1'.6/6Y/Oll/OOf/005G/6i9
Elll/E452

Change in Structure and Phase Compesition of Some Nuatenitic Steels
: in the Initial Stages of Cavitation Failure

- supplemented in three of the steels by other lines after testing...
The transformation of austenite was different in two steels: in
type 1Xl8H8 (lKhl8NB) the alpha-phase was formed; i:n type
.-'~~.- 30PIOX9 (30GlOKh9) epsilon-phase was formed'as well.. This was'-'
,- confirmed in the electron-photomier'ographs. n type 40N25
1
- (40N'_"5) steel the iransformation was sistilar to that in lKhl8N8
_
-.-.T but slower, while in 80P14 (80G14) only sustenite lines were found
4- even after prolonged spe~cimen treatment. Interference spots
generally survived specimen treatment and spot changes were
similar in all four steels. The situation is qualitatively
represented by the authors in terms of changes in the
dicorientation angle for individual crystals. In Fig.5, this
angle (minutes) is plotted against treatment time (minutes) for-
i various crystals of 40N25 (plot "all) and 8OGi4 (plot "b") steels.
For all the steels the width of the'(311)
line increased in the
p
first-stagos of treatment and then became steady. FrDM th
e
photometric curve of the (311)p line dimensions of mc.saic blocks
and II e disturbances were'found (as in Ref.2):' in'the first
t
UP
'4 1

89942
s/lz6/6l/oii/ooi/ooq/oi
9
Elli/E'452
Change in Structure and Phase Compositionlof'Some Austenitic Steels
the Initial Stages of Cavitation Failure
A'few minutes the former decrease rapidly and the latter increase;
the intensity of these effects being different for the different
,.!,steels. The authors conclude-that resistance to cavitation
-disruption rises when teiragonal martensite, epailon phase and
fine carbides are liberated within the auatenite grain;
resistance falls when alpha-phase (low in carbon) is liberated
within or around the grain. There are 7 figures, 2 tables
i and 3 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheakiy*institut im. S.M.Kirova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M.Kirov)
SUBMITTED: April 4, 196o
0
Card 4

23,362
S/126/61/011/004/009/023
ILI I STY", 28 0 5 9021/F,435
AUTHORSi a2zachey. IoNs. Mints, R.I,, Petukhova, T.M. and
D'yakova, M.A,
TITLE% The Influence of Phase Composition and Structure on the
Cavitation Stability of Titanium and its Alloys
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov I metallovedeniye, 1961, Vol.11, No.4,
pp-557-563
TEXT: Testing was carried out on an erosion stand with a
circumferential speed of rotation of the samples of 78 m/see,
a constant pressure of water 0.28 atm, diameter of Jet 8 mm and
distance 1.8 cm. The cavitation stability was evaluated by the
loss in weight every 5 hours of testing. Alloys with.a-phase
structure (commercial Ti type 571A (VTlD), Ti-3.5 Al,
Ti-2.5 Al-5Sn, Ti-6ki-4V) showed alip'lines and twins in the
Initial stages. With increase in time, cracks developed along-the-
twins, the slip lines and along the grain boundaries. Table I
shows the influence of alloying on the stability of a alloys.
Solid solutions of the F phase (Ti -3.25 Al- 10.45 Cr- 7.95 Mo-
0.11 Fe and Ti- 9.6 V -2.84 Al -3.8 Mn) showed some disintegration-
simultaneously in the grain boundaries and in the grains (Fig.2).
Card 1/0,
2

21362
a',
P phases
fine acicular martensitic
cavitation stability. The
alloy consisting of a + 0 was
of a and a'. Disintegration
phases and developed in'the
cavitation. A mixture of
treatment of the
The formation of the w phase
The Influence of Phase ...
testing (hours)
a,
the same alloy. The presence of a
structure leads to increase in the
resistance to cavitation of an
intermediate between the resistance
began at the boundaries of the two
phase which was less stable towards
P and w phases was obtained by heat
Ti - 9.6 V - 2.84 Al - 3.8 Mn alloy.
S/126/61/011/004/009/023
E021/Z435
Although the P solid solutions were more resistant to cavitation
than the a, they were liable to sudden fracture and were
unsuitable for use in such conditions. Alloys with a
martensitic structure were also tested. The martensitic structure
was produced by fast cooling from the P region. During testing
the a'-phase was destroyed more uniformly than the a phase.
Disintegration began at the grain boundaries and in the grains at
the boundariea of the martensitic needles. Fig.1 shows the
Initial stages of cavitation of the d and a~-phases. The
martensitic structure has a high resistance to cavitation as shown
by Fig.3, where the loss in weight (mg) is plotted against the
time of
for the
a + a' and a +
of
Card 21A.

21362
S/126/6i/011/004/000/023
The Influence of Phase E021/E435
a from 360 to 495 kg/mm2.
led to an increase in hardnes
Cavitation caused a network of slip lines as in the case of the
P phase. The resistance to cavitation of the P + w alloy was.
higher than that of the P alloy, but it was liable to sudden
fracture as was the 0 alloy. Thus the cavitation stability of
titanium alloys depends on the structUre and phase composition
and not on the mechanical properties. There are 4 figures,
2 tables and 2 preferences: I Soviet and I non-Soviet.
-,ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut im. S.M.Klrova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M.Kirov)'
SUBIMITTED: July 30, 1960
Card 3A&

31055
s/lz6/61/012/004/015/021
I g. se, E193/F,383
AUTHORS: -!-0~911chevv 11-11 0 and D'yakova, M#A.
TITLE-. The kinetics of decomposition of P-solid solution
in a heavIly-alloyed titanium alloy
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallari motallovedeniye, v. 12, no.
1961, 607 - 612
TEXT: It has been shown by other workers (e.g. Ref. 1
E.L. Harmon, J. Kozol and A.R. Troiano, Trans. ASM, 1958, 50,
418) that, in the presence of elemontestabilizing the P-Ti
phase, decomposition of this phase in solid Ti-base solutions
can be accompanied by the formation of a hexagonal w-phase
(a = 4.6 kX, c = 2.82 W, orientated relative to the
0-phase in such a way that % 11 [1101 p and co) 11 [,,,1 .
Tb& object of the present investigation was to study the
ki-etics of decomposition of the P-phase in a Ti-base alloy,
containing 9.65% V, 3.84% Mn and 2.57% Al, by hardness,
eloatrical resistance and dilatometric measurements. In the
first series of experiments, the specimens were bLoated in
Card I/it
t I

-31055
s/i26/61/012/oo4/015/021
The kinetics of decompos-Ition .... E193/9.383
vacuum for one hour at 900 OC, quenched in a molten nitrate
bath at various temperatures, held at a given temperature for
various times and then cooled to room temperature, after which
the relativo-- change in length, &f /f , of the specimens was
determined. The results are reproduced in Fig. 1, where
AN X 1'0-4 Is plotted against time (hra) at the temperature
(00 indicated by each curve. It will be seen 0that isothermal
treatment at temperatures between 160 and 380 C brought about
contraction of the alloy, which indicated the formation of the
w-phase. The results of hardness measurements of similarly-
treated specimens are reproduced in Fig. 4, where Vickers
hardness is plotted against the isothermal-treatment temperature,
the time at temperature being Indicated by e2ch curve. In
Fig. 5, the electrical resistivity ~LD'-a mm /M) of the alloy
is plotted against the temperature ( C) of isothermal treatment
of 30 min (crosses), 3 hours (triangles) and 6 hours (circles)
duration. Dilatometric heating and cooling curves were also
constructed and metallographic examination of some specimens
was carried out. BqBed on the results obtained, a diagram of
Card 24(/

31o55
S/126/61/012/004/015/021
The kinetics of decomposition .... 9193/F.383
the isothermal transformation (TTT curves) of the P-phase in
the alloys studied was constructed. It is reproduced in Fig- 3,
showing the constitution of the alloy as a function of
temperature (vertical axis, C) and time (horizontal axis, see);
the experimental pointsdenoted by circles are based on metal"'o-
graphic examination; the dilatometric data we represented by
x - x and x -- x lines indicating, respectively, the beginning
and end of volumo expansion, and by dots indicating the beginning
and end of the volume contraction. The results of the present
Investigation Indicate that there are two distinct modes of
decomposition of the P-phase in the alloys studied. Decomposition
at temperatures a8ove 500 OC entails the formation of the a-phase.
In the 160 - 370 C range, the w-phaso Is formed which brings
about a considerable increase in hardness and causes embrittlement
of the alloy. Betreen 380 and 480 OC the formation of the a-pha3e
is proceded by the formation of the w-phase, the latter also
being accompanied by an Increase in hardness. It was also found
that the P--*;,w transformation0was reversible. Specimens,
hardened by quenching from 900 C and isothermal treatment at
Card 31Xq

31o55
S/126/61/012/004/015/021
The kinetles of decomposition .... E193/E383
300 OC, can be fully restored to their soft condition by 30 see
holding at 500 0C, followed by water-quenching. Partial
restorati'on only can be attained 0in the case of material iso-
thermally treated at 350 or 370 C or when the duration of the
treatment is excessivAy long.
There are 5 figures, 1 table and 5 references: 2 Soviet-bloc
and 3 non-Soviet-bloe.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut im.
S.M. Kirova (Ural Polytechnical Institute
imo S.M,, Kirov)
SUBMITTED-. March 21. 1961
Card 14 1/