SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT B.B. CHECHULIN - M.N. CHECHURINA

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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

137-58-2-4254
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958,
Nr 2, p 281 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Chechulin, B.B., Syshchikov, V.I.
-"I'
TITLE: The Cyclic Srrgn'-gth of Titanium (Tsiklicheskaya
prochnost'
titana)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Meta llovedeniye. Leningrad, Sudpromgiz,
1957,
pp 196-205
ABSTRACT: A study was made of the cyclic strength
characteristics of
iiidustrially pure Ti, i.e. , of 0,4, of the character of
the curve
of endurance and notch sensitivity in the presence of cyclic
loads,
and of the influence exerted by a corrosive medium and by the
admixture of H. An ingot of magnesium- fusion-process Ti,
pro-
duced in an arc furnace (wherein Crb~=58.8 kg/mm,21 8 = ?4%.
ak=5.9 kg/mm2), was forged into test specimens at
temperatures
of 750-9000C, which were subsequently annealed for 45 minutes
at 650-6800. The tests consisted in 101 cycles of bending in
alter-
nate directions of a rotating cantilever bar. The clear
emergence
in the curves plotted in semilogarithmic co'ordinates of a
depend-
ence of 0,,# on the number of cycles is a good indication
that the
Card 1/2 Ti does have a 47,. Even when the test specimens
were not very

137-58-2-4254
The Cyclic Strength of Titanium
carefully polished, (7V in the case of the smooth bars
equalled 30.8 kg/mm,2,
i.e., was equal to 0.525 q, (or 0.61 G ). When circular
notches were cut
into the specimens, the base radii of the notches being
0.75 and 0.15 mm, this
markedly lowered the 0~j(to ZI and 11 kg/mrn2
respectively). A comparison
of the effective stress concentration factors in the case
of Ti and that of var-
ious grades of steel (carbon steels and alloy steels)
revealed that the Ti pos-
sessed the least notch sensitivity when the cyclic ratio
(CTW smooth/alw
notched) = 1.46. Tests frnade with the smooth and notched
bars in synthetic
sea water (similar in composition to that of the Pacific
Ocean) showed that,
in contrast to the steels and ordinary nonferrous alloys,
a corrosive medium
has practically no effect on the QW of Ti. Annealing the
Ti in a 10-3 mm Hg
vacuum at 9500 for 2-10 hours more than doubled its ak
but affected hardly
at all (with respect to relative grain size) its 6w and
its notch sensitivity in
the cyclic tests. The presence of H did not exert any
decisive influence on the
fatigue characteristics of the Ti.
G.T.
1. Titwd= &Uvy"hmeteristiam
Card Z/2

VEC*P&
73. J3.
NDMAYIOT-MIMIM, Prokoply Borlsovloh,dok+*or tokha. awk; TWHIKOV,
N.Y.,
kRutainkhn. maWc, * rotsenzentp- GEN= red,;
SIKoffomly* IFJ., red. lsd-va;'SMMVA, 3~.Ir., tekhn. red.
Dbw liftstrial utal-titaninal lovyl proVehlonMi wtall - MAM6
lbakra, goo, =mchno-tokba, lxd-" mehinostrolt. Ut-ry, 1958, 32 p,
(fitealva) (MM Ilse)

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AUTHOR.- C SOV/126-7-4-15/26
TITLE: Investigation of the Relationship between the,
Embrittlening Factors and the Micro-Heterogeneity of
Plastic Deformation of Steel
PERIODICAL:Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 7, Nr 4,
pp 607-613 (USSR)
ABSTRACT:
Card 1/8
Although the relative importance of various factors
causing brittle fracture of metals has been studied
quite extensively, the physical nature and the
mechanism of the transition of metals from the ductile
to brittle state is not yet well understood. According
to a hypothe*is put for-ward by Pashkov, (Ref 1) the
transition from th* ductile to brittle state is
associated with iform deformation of the micro-
volumes of the dew". rmed material and, consequently*
with a non-unifol-:-stress distribution within the
individual grainsT While there are many facts which,
indirectly, give support-4c, this theory, it has not yet
been verified by direct eiiperimental evidence and the
object of the investigatAkin described in the present
paper was to study the effect of some of the embrittlening

sov/i26-7-4-15/26
Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening
Factors
and the Micro-fieterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
factors (low temperature, fast rates of deformation,
large grain size) on the heterogeneity of the deformed
state in steel. Two low-carbon steels containing 0.01
and 0.05% C and a stainless steel MIEN9T, were used as
the experimental materials. The carbon steels were
studied in the normalised condition and the stainless
steel was quenched to obtain fully austenitic structure.
Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature and
at -70*C on specimens with the average grain size of
20 and 43-~L, the required grain size having been obtained
by a suitable mechanical and thermal treatment. In
addition, compression tests at various rates of strain
were carried out on speciifiens measuring 12.7 x 30 and
12.7 x 12 mm; the rate of strain employed in the
static tests was 0.1 sec-1; in the dynamic tests
carried out on a special ram impact machine, the
testplece, moving at approximately 300 m/sec, was made
to strike a flat, stationary anvil, the rate of strain
attained in this manner being 104 see-1. For the
Card 2/8 subsequent examination of the tested specimens,
polished

SOV/126-7-4-15/26
Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening
Factors
and the Micro-Ileterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
longitudinal microsections, cut in the plane of the
longitudinal axis, were used. Photographs of such
sections of Armco iron (1) and austenitic steel (2)
testpieces are shown in Fig 1. Two methods were used in
studying the micro-heterogeneity: (1) by measuring the
inequality of the axes of 200 grains (corresponding to
an area of 0.1 to 0.5 mm2) and calculating the mean
local deformation, ccp, and scatter of the true deformation,
a., from the formulae derived by the present author in
his earlier work (Ref 2); (2) by taking m�cro-hardness
measurements of each of the grains of the portion of the
microsection examined previously by the first method
(180 to 210 readings), analysing statistically the
obtained data and calculating the mean local hardness and
scatter (mean quadratic deviation) of the micro-hardness
values. To compare the two methods, curves showing the
relationship between micro-hardness and true deformation
(c =- ln d/do) under various experimental conditions were
plotted. A curve of this type for a dynamically
compressed, low-carbon steel, is reproduced in Fig 2.
Card 3/8 The mean hardness, Hm, and the scatter of the

sov/i26-7-4-15/26
Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening
Factors
and the Micro-Heterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
experimental results, a., were calculated from the
formulae given at the bottom of p 608, where n - total
number of readings, mi - number of readings in which
micro-hardness equal Hi, was obtained. DAM characterized
the degree of deformation of the examined portion of
the specimen, am reflected the difference in the degree
of deformation of individual grains. To obtain an
accurate assessment of degree of non-uniformity of
the deformation, it was necessary to take into account
the scatter of the results due to experimental error* ao.
The magnitude of a. depends on the dimensions of the
indentation, i.e. on the hardness of the material.
A curve showing the relationship between the mean
quadratic error, ao W, and the indentation diameter (ji)
is reproduced in Fig ~. On the assumption that the
calculated values of am represented the sum total of a0
and the scatter due to non-uniformity of the deformation
of individual grains, it was possible to determine the
increase of scatter, Aa, and so obtain the measure of the
card 4/8 non-uniformity of deformation. This was illustrated on

SOV/126-7-4-15/26
Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening Factors
and the Micro-Heterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
the example of steel mark 3 subjected to various
degrees of plastic deformation by rolling; the Obtained
data are given in Table 3 under the following headings;
Hm, kg/mm~-' (mean of 100 readings); scatter of the 2
results a., kg/mm,2; mean quadratic errort aot kg/mm
difference am - CFO; increase of scatter,,&a, in
comparison with the undeformed material; increase of
scatter calculated in terms of deformation in accordance
with the micro-hardness versus deformation curve; data
on micro-heterogeneity based on the measurements of the
inequality of the grain dimensions: deformation:
cc and scatter a., The results of experiments on the
efFect of the grain size on the non-uniformity of
deformation in steel containing 0.05% C. and tested in
tension, are reproduced in Fig 4, where the scatter, as
is plotted as a function of true deformation, c; circles
and crosses represent data for specimens with the grain
size of 43 and 20 4, respectively; continuous curves
relate to material tested at room temperatures, the
Card 5/8 broken curves to specimens tested at -700C. The results

SOV/126-7-4-15/26
Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening Factors
and the Micro-Heterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
of the next series of experiments, in which the effect
of the rate of strain on the non-uniformity of
deformation was studied, are given in Tables 2 and 3
and Fig 3. The data for the austenitic steel are given
in Table 2 (top - static tents at 0.1 sec-l'
bottom - dynamic test at 104 sec-1) under the following
headings: mean true deformation, c, %; mean
hardness, Hm, kg/mm2; scatter of the readings, am;
mean quadratic error of the measurements, aol kg/mm2j
difference am - ao. The data for Armco iron tested at
the same rates of strain are given in Table 3 under the
following headings; mean true deformation, c, %;
mean hardness, H., kg/mm2; scatter of the readings, am;
mean quadratic error of the measurements, CFO, kg/mm2j
difference am - co; increase of scatter in, comparison
with the material in the undeformed state, Aa; increase
of scatter calculated in relation to true deformation,Ao/c;
increase of scatter from the data on inequality of the
grain size, a.. Fig 5 shows the relationship between
card 6/8 a and true deformation, t, for the 0.05%j C steel with

sov/126-7-4-15/26
Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening
Factors
and the Micro-Heterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
grains 2%1 diameter (top curves) and the 0.01% C steels
with grains 1" diameter (bottom curves) deformed in
compression, atatically (circles) and dynamically (crosses).
Finally, the effect of temperature on non-uniformity of
deformation in the 0-05%, C steel tested in compression
is illustrated in Fig 6. where the a versus s curves are
plotted for the speci-mens tested at room temperature
(curve 1) and at -196*C (curve 2). Several conclusions
were reached from the obtained results. (1) The fact
that similar data on the non-uniformity of deformation
were obtained by two different methods (grain size
determination and micro-hardness measurements) indicate
the soundness of the physical principles on which they
are based. (2) Non-uniformity of deformation is affected
to a considerable degree by the grain size: the larger
the grains, the higher is the degree of non-uniformity of
plastic deformation. (3) Neither temperature nor rate of
Card 7/8 strain affect, appreciably, the variation of the degree

sov/i26-7-4-15/26
.Investigation of the Relationship between the Embrittlening
Factors
and the Micro-Heterogeneity of Plastic Deformation of Steel
of deformation from grain to grain. There are
6 figures, 3 tables and 4 Soviet references.
SUBMITTED: April 25, 1957
Card 8/8

SYSHCHIKOV.4 V.J.9 insh.; CHECHULINv B.B., kand.tekhn-nauk
Fatigue strength of welded titaniun sheet joints under the
effsot
of bending. Svarka 2:274-181 159. (MMA 24:5)
(Titanium-Weldl:mg) . (Welding-Testing)

GIMCHULINp B.B. I kand.tekhn.nauk
---------Ii;~e-stigating the connection between
specimen sizes and the
appearance of the first failure crack in testing the
mechanical
properties of steel. Hetallovedenie 3:158-165 159.
(MIRA 14:3)
(Steel-Testing)

CHECHULIN,p B.Biq.kand.tekhu.nauk; SYSHCIIIKOVP V.I.p
inzh.; REYNBERG, Ye. S.,
-
Investigating the fatigue strength of titanium.
Metallovedenie 3:263-
278 159. (MM 240)
(Tit"lun-patigue)

PWSE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOT/45T3
Horoz, Lev Solomonovich,, Doctor or Technical Sciences, Professor;
Boris Borisorich
Chechulin, Ivan Vasillyevich Polin, Leonid Vladiadrovich
Butalov--Z&v-~I1y-'-'-'
h Shullkin.. and Aleksandr Petrovich Goryachey
Titan i yego splavy.. ton 1: Tekhnicheski chistyy titan (Titanium
and Its Alloys,
Vol. 1: Comercially Pam Titsnium) Leningrad,, Sudprongiz, 1960.
515 P.
Errata sUp inserted. 4,,200 copies printed.
Ed. (Title page): L.S. 16oroz; Ed. (Inside book): Z.V. Vlasova;
Tech. Ed.: N.V.
Erastova.
PURPOSE: This book is intended ror scientiric workers, plant
engineers, and
students in advanced courses in schools or higher technical
education and
tekhnikms. It may also be used as a manual ror desifners and
industrial
engineers (with the exception or mechanical engineers).
COVERAGE: The book presents data on the structure, phase
tranerormations and
physicochemical and processing properties or c~ercially pure
titanium.
f
C art~j Ir

Titanium and Its Alloys (Cont.)
SOV/4573
Shape-casting.. vacum metallurgy,, plastic deformation, welding.,
and soldering
and brazing processes for titanium are discussed. Special attention
is given
to problems of constructional. strength and to titanium reduction
processes.
L.S. Moroz wrote section 1 of Chapter 1., Chapter 2, and sections
1,, 4,, and 6
of Chapter 3. B B, Chechuli wrote sections 2-6 of Chapter 1.
sections 2. 31
V
and 5 r rl MpL
x rs 4 and 9. I.V. Polin wrote Chapter 5;
L.V. Butalov., Chapter 6; S,,M. Shullkin,, Chapter 7; and A.P.
Goryachey,
Chapter 8. The authors thank A.V. Sairnow for his advice, and I.A.
Bytenskiy
for assistance in editing the manuscript. References accompany each
chapter.
TABIE OF CONTENS:
Foreword
3
Ch. ical Properties
5

5
2. Optical,propeitles
12
3. Electronic properties
15
4. Electrical properties
16
5. Magnetic properties
21
6. Thermal
properties
23

Titanium and Itr Alloys (Cont.) SCW/4573
Ch. 2. Effect of Principal Impurities on the Structure and
Phase Composition of Titanium 37
1. Regularity patterns of a general nature 37
2, Effect Of 0 2# N C9 112* N and Si Impurities on the
structure and ;" composition of titanium 42
Bibliography 56
Mechanical Properties 58
-4bebmtmi ]properties of chemically pum titanium.
Bff*dV`of impurities. Commercially pan titanium 58
A.
,~Nechwical properties of commercially pure titanium 63
C3- Friction properties
80
itanium constructional strength 91
`5-.'-,.Effect of cold vorking on mechanical properties and
structure
of titanium 1:-5
494AWS" 46-~ A-0- browilmont on mechanical properties and
structure of titanium 134
A 1P Ow I"

Titanium and Its Alloys (Cont.) SWAM
Ch. 4_.~ Corrosion Resistance of Titanium 14T
1----r.'On the nature of corrosion resistance of titanium 14T
2. Corrosion resistance in most important natuxiLl environments
159
3. Corrosion resistance in most aggressive solutions of salts,
acids, and alkalies.. and in other inorganic reagents 1T2
4. Corrosion resistance in organic cowpounds 182
5. Mechanical strength of titanium under corrosion 185
Bibliograft 190
5.
Metallurgy of Titanium
193
.
Brief su rve y of titanium ores

surve
f
of t
193

2
2.
Producing titanium spon~e'by magnestua and sodium
y
w g t
op=

rmal treatment

a 'at
~
~
l9k
3*
methods of producing metallic titanium
Of
me
~~
201
4.

4

tiv`ity of So.
C activity of molten titanium at high temperatures
206
5.
5-

tin of
Survey valuation of methods of melting titanium
y
218
6.
6.
Furnaces vacuum arc melting and Inert-gas are melting
e an
~I
251
T.
Physical pro sea taking place during the melting of

um
titanium :in are farnaces

266

8.

Utilization of ti tailings
1 r um

305
Bibliograft

307
Cara-4A.."'.

Titanium and Its Alloys (Cont.)
11. Stamping of parts Oft titanium sheet
12. Scale removal weepacuing
Bibliography
Ch. 8. el Soldering and Brazing of Titanium
8. Wel
~
1. mr!e properties of titanium
2 Ise -gas-shlelded we velding
3: '-shielded automatic velding
3
2 t4ee
4. sistance velding
4.
Weldlng of titanium to other metals
5 We
Lo:r
Soldering and brazing of titanium
So de: g
Bibliography
C-6h~.96f Jbthoft of Surface Treatment and Costing
Thermoebemical, surface treatment
2. Treatment vith reagents In baths
3. Electrolytic Oxide Mating (awdizing)
4. Surface coatings
Bibllogmphy
AMA=: Librwy of Congress (TAhW.T5kW)
SOV/4573
395
410
415
w
419
430
k58
h6i
475
477
491
493
493
503
505
508
514
VN/dft/WW
3-1-61

5/032j60/026/009/009/018
B015/BOrls
5-
AUTHOR: Chechulin, B. B.
TITLE: The Problem of the Scale Factor
PERIODICAL: Zavodakaya laboratoriyag 1960p Vol. 26) No. 9,
pp. ll16 - ilia
TEXT: In the introduction of his discussion on the subject mentioned
in the title, the author points out that-when studying the nature
of the
scale factors, its appearance in three deformation- and failure
stages
of metals must be differentiated: 1) until the appearance of the
first
cracks (Ref. 1)9 2) the dependence of the limit of p".asticity or
the
incipient rupture on the:sample size (Refs. 2-6), and 3) the
difference
in the rupture process after the appearance of the first cracks in
larger
and smaller samples. The statistical and energetic theories (Ref. 7)
might be the most appropriate theories concerning the~scale factor.
In L//
the author's opinion, these two theories do not contradict, but
complete
each other, if the scale factor,is considered according to the above
mentioned stages. In order to define the problem concerning-the
dependence
ParA 1 /2

The Problem of-the Scale Factor S/032J60/026/009/009/018
B01,5/BO58
of the appearance of the first crack-on the sample size,
elongation
tests were conducled by the author on geometrically similar
iamples of
37XH3A (IjLh~NU\Rsteel with a diameter of 3 and 15 mmi-whioh were
thermally brought to different degrees of hardness. The
experimental re--
sults-obtained (Table) show that the appearance of the 'crack
in-,-small
samples takes place at a later stage of deformation than in large
samples.
Since the energetic theory cannot explain the existence of
the-scale ef-
fectibefore the appearance of cracks, this phenomenon can
be-explained
best by the statistical theory (Ref. 8). When evaluating the
impact
atrengthq the crack-spreading energylis of great significance and
is
mainly responsible for the scale effect. In tensile tests of
samples of
different sizeaq the appearance of the first crack in small
samples at
a later stage of;plastic deformation than in large samples, is
the physi-
cal basic effect of the scale factor. This phenomenon can beat be
explain-
ed by the statistical theory, so that the latter may also be
considered
to be the basic theory for the definition of the scale effect. N.
G.
Plekhanova and S. I. Ratner are mentioned. There are I table and
6 ref-
erences: 7 Soviet a a I us.,
#4 - _a % lei

PHASE I BOOK EXPLITATION SOV/6459
Chechulins Boris Borlsovich
ftsebtabayy faktor i statist *heakaya priroda prochnosti
metallov
(Size Factor'and Statistical Aspect of Metal Strength) moicows
Metallurgizdat,, 1963. 118 p. Errata slip inserted. 2100
copies printed.
Ed.: V. P. Kogayev; Ed. of Publishing House: A. I. Ozeretskaya;
Tech..Ed.: R. Ya. Ginsburg.
PURPOSE:-.This book is intended for engineers and technicians
of
plant laboratories,, scientific research
establishments,--design
bureaqs., and plants of the metallurgical,, machine,,
ship-build-
Ing, and relatisd industries.
COVERAGE:, The book auumarlzen basic data on the effect of
specimen size on mechanical properties of materials. The
size factor is reviewed from the standpoints,6f brittle and
Auctile failure, cold brittleness phenomena., and =tal fatigue.
Card I/ Jj
I-,

Sjze Factor and Statistical Aspect (Cont.) SOV/6459
The analysis presented in the.book of the vast factual
material in pe .rformed-on the banis.of the statistical
theory' of the strength'of materials. Various theories
on the size effect are evaluated. No personalities are
mentioned. There are 221 references, primarily Soviet.
TABU OF CONTENTS:
Introduction 3
Ch. I. Mechanical Characteristics and the SIxe Effect 5
1. Bavic conceptis 5
2. The metallurgical factor 7
3. Technological factors 9
4. Effect of size on mchanical, stre.,igth 12
Ch. II. Brittle Fracture and Size Factor 16
1. Brittle fracture and brittle strength 16
Card 2/#
7-

CRECHULIN, B.B.; BODUNOVA, M.B.
Characteristics of the cold brittleness of
comercially pure ti-
tanium. Piz. met. i metalloved. 16 no.5:693-699 N 163.
(MIRA 17s2)

~~ 7 ~ - -7 .7 . - ~7- = ~ -, :Q ~ , -- ~ -- ~ . - =. ~ -- - - I .
... - I- - - -- - - w - -- - . - - - - - - . . . 1, 7 1 - .-.- '. ~.
. - ~'; - . - ~ "-- . -
- I -I'll I
a - ---- I
d i-ed f6 ti. - a triin~'.- rat - tf fe 6t I- notch :sharp-ne s---,-
":-! I - -
y roger,,,. - . .*-~ ~ ~ .1 . .. e t
. ...'efre-et. sizefactor .- effect. I ~_ 11 - .. -. - I I . /' . - :
' - ''I . -

-- CHECHULIN, D. LN- I UG67

CHECHULIN. D.N.. gluvnyy arkhitektor Xoakvy.
T
The building of Keseew. Oor.khoz.Nosk. 21 no.9:19-30 S 147. (mm 6:21)
(Moscow--History) (Moscow-Railding) (Dailding-Moscow)

~111 C~l N , -43-
21226 Chechulin, D.Ne Ocheroftye.-zadachi moakovskikh arzhitektorov
Gor Khoz-vo Moakvy,,
Nr"V-Q'A t'o ~'!'O
lU9. No. 5. a. 1-10*
SOs LETOPIS ZHURNAL STATEY - Vol. 28g Moskva, 1949

1. CHECHULIN, D. N.
2. USSR 600
16 Public Buildings - Moscow
79 32-3tOry adidnistrative building In Zarad'yep Gor. khoz. Xoakt
23, No, 7.
19h9.
0
9o Monthly List of Russian ACCO33ionap Library of Congress., April
1953, Uncl,

CHICHULIN, D.N.
Improve the organization of designing and planning. Gor.khos.
Nook. 34 no.12:9-12 D t60. (KWA 13:22)
1, Deystvitelluy7 chlen AW9w4i stroitellstya I arkhitektury
SSSR.
(Mbscow-City planning)
(Architecture-Des Igo and plans)

CRECHULIN, D.R.
Prospects-for re oldest part of the center of Moscow*
GorekhOgeMosk* 35 Po '44-9 Ap 161. (MW 14:5)
1, DaYstvitel'AYY chlen Akadeali stroltelfetva i arkhitaktury
=Re
(MOSCOW-Gity plamming)

CHEC-h-UL3N, G~ A..,
Burovoy agregat ZIV-75 (Drilling unit ZIV-75). opisaniye i
rudov0dStvo po el~sqdoatatsij
Scstavili B. S. Logov, S. P. Shtods, G. A. Chechulin. Yoskva,
Gosgeolizdat, 1952.
112 p. daigrs., tables. At head of title: Russia. Ministerstvo
Geologii.
N/5
741.311
. L-8

CHEOPUL3r., 0 A
Burovoy agregat ZIV-150 (Dri-Iling unit, ZJV-150) o-;-,isaniye i
ruk-ovodstvo po eksploatatsii.
S- P. Shtoda, P, A. Chpchlalin, Moskva, Gosgeolinda-tj 1c-52. 118
p. diagrs., tables.
At head of title: Russia, Ministerstva Geologii.
N15
741.311
.Lp-l

-CBECHULIN, G.A.
The BM-2 drilling mast.
Biul.takh.-ekon.inform.Gos.nauch.-
issl.inst.nauch.i tekh.inform. no.3:10-12 162. (KRA 15:5)
(Oil well drilling rigs)

ACCESSION NR. AWHUM S/31iM/64/000?0d6/WWMT-.
,'!-.--~:..._:-AVTHDRs ShtdYnbarg,' "(Doctor* of
teftnic-al'sciences)p Wroallshteyns' V.*A.
(Engineer), Xo&a,, Y4. S. oinginear) chlabdins :1. Po,(Mginser)
TITLE: Effect of I-nfhqaovn an taver,- tirftd minw- of Mitachnial
steel
SOURCE: Ural'Afy fny*y sayod, Oveoillawsk. Nauchno-iseledovatellskir
institut tyazhelogo MMMas ProisvodgLvo krupay4kh mashin, no. 5, 1964.
Metallovedeniye i tormicheskqW Imetall. and.heat treatment); abornik
"teyv 38-47
TOM TAGL- lanthanum, structural sted, chromium nickel manganese
sted, alloy sts,81,;
steel-teaqw brittleness, molybdcnuzn6 ated brittleness. Umper
brittleness. steel
tenwering
ABSTRACT: A previously pubUshed paMr by V. A. M1 rmel Ishteyn and X
X Mdaynbarg
showed that lanthanum depressew the. reversible tenWer brUtleness of
30KhGN chromium-
nickel mmVinese xtrucWnd steeL This ariWe considers the problem in
pwder defaJL
Tests were performed with ftvo nanples:' the first was used as a
xb=iazd; the second.

~
AC ESSIO* NR: AT4042636
C
third and fourth contained 0. 15, 0. 25 and 0. 35% landumum,
considering a 30%'Ioss-, the
fifth sample has 0. 25% m9lybdemnyi -in order id *compam Ita affect
on temper.brittleness
with that of lanthanum. lamps o! lanthanum were addid to the molten
alloy with intensive
mixing. All samples were homogidied it,'ll'5'0C and then noinWized
and passed through
high'tempering, after which they~ were hardened. One part of the
samples was hardened
tad A
from a temperature of 870C &-a Ma'It'bath for 20 mitudes. The second
part was subjec
to hardening with overheating i~'a barium- ~Moride bath. The samples
hardened in the salt
bath had a grain size of 8 (stan(4ud scale), the other a grain size
of 6*,' except
group had
for sample IV (grain size 5). The samples won then tested at
temperatu:res from +60 to
1- -890. Analysis of the tests showed that lanthanum lowers the
tendency of 30KhGN
1, Phroraium-nickel-mawnass structural Oad toward reversbAe temper
brittleness,
ore
fracture between the grains and ~sigt_Ificantly lt~creasing the
viscosity temperature
venting
safety faetor. The best results were obtained with about 0. 2%
lanthanum. The Ves QItIB Of
the tests described in the presext article- corroborate those
mentioned in the cited one- by
V. Ae Mirmellsh6tyn and IL IL Obtsynberi..* Thii authors rooonnnand
additional work on the
Card 2/3

LEVINg L.N., inzh.; CHECIDJUN, N.A., inzh.
Portable machine tools for parquet wor*. Makh.stroi. 19
no.3:27 Mr 162. (MIRA 15-3)
(Road rollers)

EXCERPTA MEDICA See . 18 X701 3/3 -Cardio- Dis- Var
59
776. The reactivity of the cardiac blood vessels in
man in coronary insufficiency
(Russian test) CHECHULI% S. Arkh. Patol. 19,58, 20/4
(40-44) Graphs 2
r-~-
Ex I ents were carried out in 34 isolated hearts. 7
to 37 hr. after death, according
to Itunlimabko's method (no further information).
Eleven hearts were obtained from
patients who had died from myocardial infarction, 12
hearts were 'stenocarditic'
and It originated from accident cases (traumatic
hearts, controls). Either euphyllin
or nitroglycerin in different concentrations was
added to Andreiev's perfusion fluid
(no further information). Hearts with coronary
insufficiency often show a biphasic
reaction (narrowing in the tst stage). The
functional motility of the cardiac vessels
and the change of their tone am significantly less
pronounced in the hearts with
coronary failure than in the traumatic hearts.
Brandt - Berlin (V,.6. i~8)

CIM41CHULI A., YESIR., O.A.
"Studies on Cathode Process occuring During Slags
Electrolysis,"
lecture given at the Fourth Conference on Steelmaking,
A.A. Baikov Institute of
Yetallurgy, Moscow, July 1-6, 1957

C' ~'k I VA V, - 13C
AUTBORI YESIN,O.A. and CRECIFULINlY.A. PA - 2913
VITLEs Electrolysis of C&O-Al 0 -SiO- Molts. (Elektralls resplavor
C&O jAl -SIO , RussiaW I
PERIODICALs Dok &djO 1"delh Irauk S55R, 19579 Val 115, Nr 1, pp 109
Ill
(U.S.S.R.)
Receivedi 5 / 1957 Reviewed' 7 1957
ABSTRLCTs There are only few published references concerning this
problem.
It was proved that PAR&DAY's law Is satisfied In the case of
oxygen-.eliminationv as CO and CO on the carbon anode. In order to
oolleat the product# of the cathidt-proossag liquid pig.-iiron and
c.opper war* used as cathodes., Charcoal-crayojis served an anodes.
The experiments were carried out In a tripartite call of molten
T"'ecourrance, of bivalent sIl1ooa In the slag was observed on
grequent occasions and the sbap* of the oorresponding polarization-
curves proves Abe possibility of &'ro-ohargo. The relatively
diffusion of the blvalent silloon into the catholytt mirror and,its
oxidation by the furnace-topperatur* up to 4-atisicity reduce the
silicon yield per cuftent-unit. The lower utilization o9 current
in the came of the discharge of Al and Xg colapared to Si, is
qualita
tively in line with the constancy of these oxides, or, more
procis*ly,
Card 1/2 expressed, with the rising value of the
standard-isd1bar-pot&ntial

PA - 2913
Electrolysis of C&O-A120 34102 Melts'
computed with respect to the Ibinding-energlos of theme oxides
with
the melts and the formation beat of internstallic compounds with
the
cathode (Ye8l, Cu2V78 eta.). Data cono*rning :th* anodic solution
of silicon In the sediments of-various composition are then
given.
It takes place with Yields of 90 - 104 % per current-unit. This
fact as well as the possibility of obtaining high oathode-yields
per current-unit prove that FAR&DAY's law is satisfied in the
came
of the electrolysis of melts of C&O-Al 0 - 310 .
(3 illustrations, 2 tables, and 9 citalians frim Slav
publications)
ASSOCUT1014 Ural Polytechnic Institute 3-MoKIROTS
pinswiD sy, i.P.Diniz, Member of the Academy
39JUT-SEDi. 1.10.1956
ATAIUDLgt Library of Congress.
Card 2/2

76-32-~2-18 '32
AUTHORS: Yesin, 0. A. , Chechulin, V. A.
TITLE: Cathode Polarization in the Separation of Silicon, Iron and
Sodium From Oxide-'Melts (Katodnaya polya-rizatsiyav3ri vydelenii
kremniya, zheleza i natriya iz oksidnykh rasplavo
PERIODICALt Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Xhimii, 1958, Vol. 32, Nr 2, pp.
355-360
(USSR)
ABSTRACT% The cathode polarization in CaO - Al 203 - MgO melts with
small additions of I'.iO 21 Fe 20 + FeO- as well as with Na 0
for comparative purposes was Investigated. The measuremenis
were carried out at 1400-1500"C according to the commutator
,method (Reference 2). The cathode polarization kL in the se-
paration of sodium, silicon and iron from the oxide melts
was measured. It was found that the quantity I does not de-
pend on the electrode material, that it decreases in mixing
and that it follows the equation for the concentration pola-
rization. It is shown that in the cases investigated the pola-
Card 1/2 rization is dependent on the slowed down diffusion of the

76-32-2;--18/38
Cathode Polar-;zation in the Separation of Silicon, Iron and
Sodium From
Oxide-Melts
sodium ion and of the 3- and 2-valent iron ions in the elec-
trolyte. Summarizing the authors state that the concentration
polarization in oxide melts is widely spread. This is con-
nected with the small values of the diffusion coefficients,
as the diffusion in them is not greater than in aqueous so-
lutions. The shape of the curvesp the mutual position of the
element separation potentials and the observed proportionali-
ty of the boundary amperages with the concentrations permit
to speak of the possibility of a high temperature polaro-
graphy in oxide melts. There are 4 figures, and 10 references,
8 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut im. S. M.
Kirovaj Sverdlovsk
( Ural Polytechnical Institute imeni S. M. Kirov, Sverdlovsk)
SUBMITTEDt November 3, 1956
1. Cathodes (Electrolytic cell)--Polarization 2. Iron
--Separation 3. Silicon--Separation 4. Sodium--Separation
Card 2/2 5. Electrolytes--Properties

SOV/137-58-9-18461D
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya,
1958, Nr 9, p 40 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Chechulin, V. A.
TITLE: Electrolysis of Blast-furnace Slags (Elektroliz
domennykh
shlakov)
ABSTRACT: Bibliographic entry on the author's dissertation
for the degree
of Candidate of Technical Sciences, presented to the Ural'
skiy
politekhn. in-t (Ural Polytechnic Institute), Sverdlovsk,
1958
ASSOCIATION: Ural' skiy politekhn. in-t (Ural Polytechnic
Institute),
Sverdlovsk
1. Slags--Electrolysis
Card 1/1

CHECHMIN, V.A.; USIN. 0.A.
liffect of addition@ on the electrolysis of molten
slags.
Trudy Ural.politekh.Inmt. 73:48-56 '58. (MIRA 12:8)
(Blectrolysis) (slag)

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BoOLOymn.YU. 3d, L4nlnj;r-d# 2959-

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TrWyego ~6..OYUzna