SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT YU.I. CHERNOV - A.I. CHERNOVA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000308610002-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 12, 2000
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

CHERNOVP YU.I., kapitant 3-go ranga
Vwxww --
I
Students, of the Frunze School on the Volaa.
Pbr.sbor. 46
no*20041 F 163, (MIRA 1632)
1. Vybshi komandir vzvoda 62-y strelkovoy brigady.
world War.. 1939-1945-Personal. narratives)

L oZ4w-67 EWTW lip(c)
JACC .NR. AP6034936 (_A~
SOURCE CODE: UR/0146/66/OO9iOO5/0003/000f,
AUTHOR: Sazonov, A. M.; Belonostoy. A. M ; Grigorlyev, S. B.;
Strakhov, N. B.;__~~
Chernov, Tu. L.
ORG: Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute im. V. I. Ullyanov
(Lenin) (Lening~aZskiy
elektrotekhnicheskiy institut)
TITLE: Spectrometer for the study of broad lines of nuclear
magnetic resonance
SOURCE: IVUZ. Priborostroyeniye, v. 9, no. 5, 1966, 3-7
TOPIC TAGS: spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance
ABSTRACT: An all-purpose nuclear magnetic resonance IERqE2Mt~~as
been developed
for qualitative and quantitative analysis of isotopic
concentrations, for the study
of ultrasonic resonance absorption in the nuclei of some alkali
halide crystals, and
for structural measurements of natural compounds. The device
incorporates commercia
type components (see Fig. 1). The MUN' detector includes crossed
coils and direct
absorption detectors which provide high sensitivity, and a broad
range of lif field
intensities. The detector can register the absorption signal or
dispersion signal
1/2 UDC: 535.322.2

L d7457-67
,ACC N.R. AP6034936
#ISO'
Md MIV
Fig. 1. Block diagram of
nuclear magnetic resonance
spectrometer.
r-r- 4
1 - NMR sensor; 2 - audio
generator; 3 - device pro-
viding linear variation of
magnetic field; 4 - current
Y
stabilizer; 5 - phase inverter;
6 - block of NW detector;
To 7, 13 - hf amplifiers;
9 sc2oiraph
12 8, 14 - detector and voltm-
eter; 9 calibrator;
7 13 narrwtmd. 10 15 audio amplifier;
d'-Ina I!'- 5.2-mc crystal-controlled
synalmonous - - osc
detectidaf illator; 12 - power ampli-
fier; 16 - synchronous detector
17 recorder; 18 - wave meter;
19, 20 - power sources;
21 fdrromagnetic stabilizer.
separately without distortion. The frequency range of the
detector is 1-43 mc.
Orig. art. has: 3 figures.
SUB CODE: ZO SUBM DATE: 25Aug651' ORIG REF: 0031 OTH REF:-001/
ATD PRESS: 5104
:ard 2/2

28102
s/181/61/003/009/036/039
t7,6W, B108/B138
AUTHORS: .'hernov, Yu. Id. , Stepanov, A. V:
TITLE; Temperature dependence of the elastic constants of
lithium
fluoride single crystals
PERIODICALi Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 5, no. 9, 1961,
2872-2874
TEM The authors continued previous studies (A, V, Stepanov,
I. Y.- Eydus.
ZhETF, 29, 669~ 1955 and S. P. Nikanorov, A. V. Stepanov,
ZhETF, TL, 1814,
19r-9). Young's modulus E and the shear modulus G of LiF
single crystals
out in the [loo] and [110] directions were measured by the
oscillator
3
method describ9d in the papers cited above, Density was 2.60
g/CM . The
measurements were made with longitudinal and torsional.
oscillations
between room temperature and 5000C, The resonan(;e frequency
was determined
with an accuracy of 0-05~6. The relative error in measuring
the elastic
constants S11 St S 1 nted to about
11 = -001 amou
100, 10] . and 44
Card 1/4

28102
S/181/61/003/009/036/039
Temperature dependence of the elastic B108/B138
Ylo, The error in determining the constant S - 2S, _LS an. d
12 11 ~. S11 - 2 44
the compressibility + 2-3 was greater. The thermal-expansion
X= 3(S11 .12)
data were taken from Ref. 5. The results of the measurements are
presents. in Tablel. They agree with those given in Ref. 6 (C.
Suss. C.
r. Akad. Sci-, 1958, 247, no: 16, 1174), Extrapolation of the
nearly
li re ar temperature depende nce of E [1001 , E [1101 . and G
E, ooi t o ab sol ute
zero and to melting point gives the values shown in Table 2.
The following
conclusions are drawns 1) The elastic Qonstants of LiF are
highly
temperature dependent. 2) The character of the elastic
anisotropy is
maintainea throughout the entire temperature range between
absolute zero
and malting point. There are 1 figure, 2 tables, and 7
references: 2
Soviet and 5 non-Soviet, The 3 references to Eng 1 ish
--language publications
Xead as follows; L. Hunter, S. Siegel. Phys, Rev,, 61, 84,
1942; L.
Balamuth. Phys. Rev. -45-, 715, 1934; C. V, Briscoe, C, F.
Squire. Pb,~ s.
Rev.., 106, 1175~ 1957~
VaYd 2/4

28102
3/181/61/003/009/036/()39'
Temperature dependence of.the.elastic B100138
ASSOCIATION% Fiziko-tokhnic'heskiy inatitut im. A. F. Ioffe AN
SSSR
rad s ni A. F.
Lening .(In titute of Physics and Technology ime'
Ioffe of the AS USSR Leningrad)-
SUBMITTED: MaY 15, 1961
Card 3/4

AUTHOR: IJAMRK~!-- -YU ~-P
TITLEt The Steady Rotation of
RelaiiTiiy Theoryp
672!/
SOV/20-129-4-13/68
Ciamic Gas Manses in the General
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk 888R, 959t Vol 129, Nr 4v YP
762-765
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The author here investigates a gas mass filling The
entire
space, which ptaies steadily rounu iis own axis in its own
OEavitaiional` field. This rotation is considesed to be adia-
balloo Th ural density of the rest mass Q 9 the pressure
p and the classical velocity of motion of the gas on Ahs,'paral-
Iola of latitude vt in infinity tend towards zero with auf-
ficient velocity. The origin of the cylindrical system of oo-
ordi"tes We** vith the center of mass 0 and the z-axis agrees
with the rotational axis,'%j- To tho assumption of steadinesso
the axial -,symmetry of rotation, a..! to the distribution of the
**&*.a parameters of the gas, there corresponds for an interval
in the four-dimensional Riemann space an expreasion of the form
card 1/4

67251
BOV/20-129-4-13/08
The Steady Rotation of Cosmic Gas Masses in the General
Relativity Theory
2 2 2 12 1 3 '22
-do , 900 dx* + 2go2 dxodx + glldx + 2g,,dx dx + 922 dx +
+ g33 dx3 2, Her* x0 - cit x1 , 10 x 2 X3 . z holdst o vs-
looity of light. The present paper aims at dej:rtaining the
com-
pamte of the metric fundamental tensor gik (x x2)
(ilk_OjIp2p3)
of the pressure p(xlpx3) and the rotational velooity V~(X 1
JZ3)
as well as of the given density distribution Q(x 1*X3). The
covariant components of the metric tensor have the form
900 0 g o2 0
ik 0 g11 0 g 13
9 92o 0 22 0
10 g I g
31- 33
Next, the contravarlant and the oovariant components of four-
dimensional volocity and of the classical rotational
velooity~/
/4 are written down. The energy-momentum tensor of the field
has
Oard 2 the form

6725/
SOV/20-129-4-13/68
The Steady Rotation of Cosmic Gas Masses in the General
Relativity Theory
Tk , wuku + p6 k (w . Q02 + p). Two of the four relativistic
i i i
Euler equations are satisfied identically, and the two others
are explicitly written down. Einstein's gravitational equations
are solved by employing the method of successive approximation.
The time at and the longitudinal angle T automatically proTed
to be harmonic coordinates. The components of the metric funda-
mental tensor are set up as series with respect to the small
parameter 0 By substitution of these ansatzes into the gravi-
tational equations ard by a comparison of coefficients a number
of systems of equations is obtained. Next, the equations re-
sulting in first approximation as well as the expressions for
the Newtonian potential and the vector potential of gravitation
are written down. If the components of the metric tensor in
the Cartesian system of coordinates in first and second
approxi-
mation are known, they can be written down without any
difZicul-
ties also in the Cartesian system of coordinates. Five
equations
are obtained for the five quantities
p9 V~ 9 Wf , h(2 ) and for the given function Q. In first ap-
00
Card 3/4 proximation the following is obtained for p and vV

6725/
SOV/20-129-4-13/68
The Steady Rotation of Cosmio Gas Masses in the General
Relativity Theory
z
0) 8V (1)
Q od and in second
~00 r Z;VY
approximation p (2) 0) + 0- 2 B(i)dz, v(2) V (1) 1 -2 A(')
p ~0) ~ - ~ - 7 71-71.
In this manner it is possible to determine any approximationv~
9(n) (n) . (n) from the given density Q. It is further said
tikat'thpe autWor thanks Professor F. I. Frankl' for useful
advice..
There are 6 references, 5 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Kabardino-Balkarskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet
. (Kabardino-Balkarskiy State Univerait )
PRESENTED: July 9, 1959, by L. 1. Sedov, Academician
SUBMITTED: July 7v 1959
Card 4/4

__qHERNOV, Yu. P., Cand Phys-Math Sci -- (diss) "Established
trends in
the general theory of relativity." Kazan', 1960. 8 pp;
(Miiiistry of
Higher and Secondary Specialist Education RSFSR, Kazan' Order
of
Labor Red Banner State Univ im V. I. Ullyanov-Lenin); 150
copies;
price not given; (KL, 30-60, 136)

NR- --:~'-AR . . .
404688WE.
mal methods through tangentlal velocity and density. The derived
corrections to
metric tensor elements make It possible to write the first and second
app-ox7ma-
t7ons to Euler's relativistic equation, the latter defining pressure,
tangential
I velocity and corrections to these values, Bib]. with 12 title5. V.
Ts. Gurovich
SUB CODE; ME ENCL: 00
2AL'

s 4
TOPIC~TAGS*. -r;e pi-rat on -resji~iitory system, neurophysiology
!ABSTRACT: The manner in *hicb occlusion of the common carotid
arteries and
deneivation of the si-nocaroxid area affect respiration in cats under
excessive
intrapulmonary tension (30 mm,Hg) was studied. Occlusion of the
common carotid I
H__ _A thi4espiration retention occurr4g in response to
as
e
-crea -M:$7-Whjje atiqu -Ab*=-
lbe-
:~_'Ljlbp ~~uib7d' -a- n- hii Ah-ftis tension. In the cas'e of
inctoase-d
pulmonary oxygen tension, occlusion of the corimon carotid arteries
and denervation 1,
of the sinocarotid zone bad no appreciable effect on the time of
ri-spiratory arrestj
.-Cara 112,
-jR,
M~ AMWMAML

Card

TEREKHOVA, Yu.P.; MARBINA, K.M.; SUKHORUKOVA,
L.L.; CHERNOV Yu P.,
- - -
kand. fiz.-mat. nauk, otv. red.
[Progranning methods for the "llinsk-l" conDuterl
Metodika
programmirovaniia na mashine "Minsk-l". Frunze,
Ilim,
1965. LU P. (MIRA 18:12)

,OHEUIOV. Yq.-a.;-ASTAPW'lKO, P.D.
Orographic clowls. Inform. blul. Sov. antark. eksp.
no.19:51-54
'6o. (MIRA 13:9)
(Antarctic reglons-Cloud physics)

innh.
Construction of a shop with a span of 40 m. in
the Federal
Republic of Germany (from uBston und
Stahlbatonbau," no.3,
1962). From. stroi. 40 no.9:62-64 162. (MIRA
15:11)
(Germany., West-Precast concrete construction)

CHI~nov, Yu. V.
CHERNOV, Yu. V. --"The Question of the Resistarce to Motion
in Natiwal Waterway
Carrents." *(Dissertations For Degrees In Science And
Engineering
At USSR, Higher Educational Institutions). (34). Acad Sci
Uzbek
33R, Inst of Structtires, Tashkent, Press of the Acad Sel
Uzbek
SSR. 1955
SO: Knizhnava Letopis' No. 34, 20 August 1955
* For the De,clrco of Doctor of Tochhlcul Sciences

N OV y4, V,
124-11-12687
Translation from: Referativnyy Zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1957, Nr- 11,
p 51 (USSR)
A
AuTHOR: Chernov, Yu. V. , and Topchevskiy, B. A.
TITLE- On Empirical Formulas for the Mean Velocity of Liquids in
Open-
Channel Flow. (Ob empiricheskikh formulakb sredney skorosti dvi-
zheniya zhidkosti v ruslovykh potokakh)
PERIODICAL: Tr. In-ta nefti, A N KazSSR, 1956, Nr 1, pp 76-87
ABSTRACT: The authors have collected and analyzed various
empirical formulas,
known in the literature, for the mean velocity of liquids in
open-channel
flow, all of which do not contain any roughness term, namely, the
formulas of Ch6zy-Brahms, Gerlacher, Sribnoy, Haessle, Hermanek,
Humphries and Abbott, Christin, Matakevich, and Linboe.
On the basis of an analysis of the formulas of Kuznetsov,
Nikuradze,
and Zheleznyakov, the Authors deduce their own formula for C
which
also does not contain any roughness parameter and replaces it
with the
inclination, mean depth, and coordinate of the mean velocity. The
comparison of the results of the computation of C according to
the
formula proposed by the A~s and according to the abovelisted
earlier
Card 1/2 formulas is shown graphically (unfortunately, there is
no identification

124-11-12687
On empirical formulas for the mean velocity of liquids in
open-channel flow (cont.
of the curves and formulas). The Authors have arrived at the
con-
clusion that the expression for C accordinp
, to Chilzy for open-channel
flow can be transformed into the expression offered by the
Authors,
but that none of the empirical formulas coincide fully with
that ex-
pression. The A. 's define the limitations of the
applicability of the
empirical formulas.
A. M. Latyshenkov
Card 2/2

SOV/124-57-9-10315
Translation from: Referativnyy khurnal, Mekhanika, 1957, Nr 9,
p 60 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Chernov, Yu. V.
TITLE: On the Velocity Distribution in Natural Open-channel
Flows (K
voprosu o raspredelenii skorostey v yestestvennykh ruslovykh
potokakh)
PERIODICAL: Tr. In-ta nefti. AN KazSSR, 1956, Vol 1, pp 88-99
ABSTRACT: Cross-section characteristics of the various forms
of open-channel
flow are discussed (the relationship of the mean velocity over
the
entire cross section or along its axial normal to the maximum
veloc-
ity). The author concludes that, for the time being the
velocity dis-
tribution is not an accurately defined function of the depth
across the
cross section and of the corresponding roughness. He confirms
this
by a series of measurements and by a critical analysis of semi-
theoretical propositions (Russian and foreign). Bibliography:
10
references.
V. N. Goncharov
Card 1/1

SOV/124-58-1-890
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr
1, p 119 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Chern
TITLE: Some Laws Governing the Uniform Motion of a Liquid in
Open-channel
Flows Carrying Sediments (Nekotoryye zakonomernosti ravnomer-
nogo dvizheniya zhidkosti v ruslovykh potokakh, vlekushchikh
nallosy)
PERIODICAL: Tr. In-ta nefti AN KazSSR, 1956, Vol 1, pp 100-
113
ABSTRACT: The author obtains a formula for the mixing length
on the basis of
the following assumptions relativeo to the structure of the
flow: The
mean-square deviation of the vertical component is assumed to
be
constant; the vertical scale of the eddies, which is
determined as the
ratio of the mean-square deviation of the vertical velocity
to the mean-
velocity gradient, is, assumed to be proportional to the
distance from
the wall; the square of the mean-square deviation of the
longitudinal
velocity is assumed to vary according to a linear law. The
integra-
tion of the Prandtl equation for the mixing-length
relationship thus
obtained relative to the coordinates leads to a logarithmic
curve of
the Yasmund- Nikur adze type. On the basis of that curve the
author
Card 1/Z then analyzes the structure of the Ch4zy coefficient
and shows that

Some Laws Governing the Uniform Motion of a Liquid (cont. )
SOV/124-58-1-890
the latter can be expressed as some function of Karman' s x
constant and a certain
geomorphological channel-bed characteristic ~ . The values of
x and ~ for open-
channel flows are determined by means of an analysis of
high-speed river-flow
observations [ Zheleznyakov, G. V. , Gidravlicheskoye
obosnovaniye metodov rcchnoy
gidrometrii (Hydraulic Foundation of the Methods of River
Hydrometry). Izd-vo
AN SSSR, 1950]. In conclusion the author adduces empirical
formulas for the
relationship between the slope and the roughness of the bottom
for open-channel
flows. Bibliography: 14 references.
Ye. M. Minskiy
Card 2/2

CHERNOV, YU.V.
Approximate equations of the length of disturbance and
lateral
scale of turbulence. Uch. zap. Mord. gos. un. no.15
pt.2:62-67
163. (MIRA 18:6)

CHEptlr,lj,-~f,,
D -.y,_
of :r-i.-;!rg a-;.r by- rreanj gliders. Tnudy TSAO
If"<
a (IfIR-L 18 28)

CHERNOV, Z. S.
"The Spiration -
a paper presented at
29 May to 2 Jun 1956
a Centrifugal Electrostatic Focusing Traveling-Wave Tube,"
the International Conference on Microwave Ttibes, Paris,,
B-99309, 30 Aug 56

))10V,
SUBJECT USSR PHYSICS CARD I / 2 PA - 1530
AUTHOR Author not mentioned.
TITLE The Scientific All Union Session (held in connection with
"Broadcasting Day").
PERIODICAL Radiotechnika, 11, faso. 9, 74-79 (1956)
Issued: 19-10.1956
Z.S. CERNOV delivered a report concerning the results obtained on
the occasion
of the investigation of spiratrons, which are new tube-type
devices with propa-
gating waves and electrostatic focussing of electron currents.
E.D. NAUMENKO spoke about the results obtained by the working out
of laboratory
models of reflecting klystrons for measuring purposes.
V.A. KLJAZKIN discussed the compensation method of coping with
impulse disturb-
ances in a wireless set. He also described ways and means for the
practically
complete elimination of impulse disturbance by compensation
methods.
B.1. RASSADIN pointed out the experimentally confirmed advantages
of a signal
transmission in a frequency band in four-channel systems in radio
telephone- and
telegraph communication. He recommended a method by means of which
nonlinear dis-
tortion can be --~~siderably diminished.
A.P. ANGAFOROV demonstrated two basic principles of construction
as well as the
construction of television tubes for the production of a direct
representation
of the image; A three-ray tube with a darkening mask and a
mosaic-pattern

Radiotechnikaj 11, fase. 9, 74-79 (1956) CARD 2 / 2 PA - 1550
luminescent screen (of the Kolortron type) and a one-ray tube
with a control
net and a striped luminescent screen (of the Chromatron typo).
A.D. ASATIAN described the characteristic of tube types such as
are used in
Western Europe and the USA for broadcasting- and television
sets, and he gave
a survey of the new Sovietic "finger-tubes" for television- and
radio sets.
A.K. BEKTABEGOV reported on the new piezoceramic pickup which
offera a number
of advantages. I
A.G. MURADIAN analyzed the working of amplifiers in
semiconductor devices with
series- and parallel back-coupling.
B.A. KRASJUK described the experimental examination of the
modification of the
magnetic properties of alloys of the "Permalloj" type under the
influence of
gamma.rayB.
INSTITUTION:

SOV/112-57-6-13015
Translation from: ReferatA2vnyy zhurnal, Elektrotekhnika, 1957, Nr
6. p 194 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Chernov, Z,
TITLE, Tlie-flr~t International Congress on SHF Electronics
(Pervyy Mezhdunarodnyy kongress po elektronike sverkhvysokikh
cliastot)
PERIODICAL: Novoye vremya, 1956, Nr 38, pp 26 -29
ABSTRACT: Bibliographic entry.
Card 111

CHWQV - Z. S.
"systems Witb.Centrifugal-Blectrostatic,j?ocusing of an
Electron
Beam,~' by Z. S.--Chernov,, Institute of Radio Engineering
and
Electronics,, Academy of Sciences USSR, Radiotekhnika i
Elek-
tronika No 11, Nov 56, pp 1428-34
The author describes a new electrostatic system for forming
and
focusing an electron beam with spiral movement of the
electrons. The de-
vice is called "Spiratron," and is a combination of a
traveling wave tube
and a two-beam amplifier., which does not require magnetic
focusing of the
electron beam. The basic component of a spiratron is an
electron-optical
system, consisting of an electron gun, vhich forms a
ribbon-like electron
beam. The electron beam is injected at an angle to the axis
of the tube
Into a space between the two concentric cylinders, one of
which acts as
an electron decelarating device. Leaving the electron gun,
the beam has
both axial and tangential components of velocity, and moves
in a helical
trajectory. The experiment was conducted at frequencies of
from 100 to
-4,500 14c. A well-defined electron le-am of 300-400
milliamperes per sq
cm current density was obtained. -
The article brings out a number of advantagesand
possibilities of
the centrifugal-electrostatic focusing of an electron beam.
-.This report vas-originally presented at the International
Congress
of High-Prequency Devices., Paris., 2 June 1956.
Sum IP58

TW12HP_RNOV~ Z-S.
AUTHDR:
TITLE:
FERIODICAL:
ABSTRACT:
Card 1/2
CBERNOV,Z.S., BYERNASHEVSKIY,G.A.
Some Problems of the Electronics
(Nyekotoryye problemy elektroniki
Russian)
Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1957,
Received: 5 / 1957
PA - 249
of Superhigh Frequencies.
svyerchvysokikh chastot,
Vol 27, Nr 2, pp 43-49 (U.S.S.R.)
Reviewedt 6 / 1957
This paper describes devices which are used for the production of
radio tubes for propagated waves. The slowing-down structures
in which eleotrowgnetic waves are given a phase velocity that is
inverse to the propagation of the waves, are deal-'V- with. There
follows a description of other devices for superhigh frequencies
which are constructed on the principle of continuous interaction.
The application of radiolooation, the construction of radio relay
stations, which have already been in use in Franoeq England,
Ttaly,
and Japan is described and met with considerable interest in the
U.S.S.R. In accordance with the regulations issued by the
XX. Party Congress it is intended to build no less than 10.000 km
of radio relay lines within the next 5 years. Also the application
of the aforementioned'tubes for electron computors etc. is dis-
cussed. The paper further deals with new systems of forming
eleotrorx
bunales in accordance with the method developed by the American
scientist D. PEERS , upon the basis of which the Russian scientist

PA - 2491
Some Problems of the Electronios of Superhigh Frequenoies.
B.T. OVOHAROV intends to develop a method which would make
it
pos6ible to deterudne the exterior fields of electron flux.
Furthermc.,.v, the idea of the "soundless cathode is
discussed.
ASSOCIATICK: Not given
PRESEM BI;
SUEMITM:
AVAITABI Library of Congress
Card 2/2

CHMNOV, -7. S.
(Acad. Sci. USSR)
"Interaction of electromagnetic waves and electron
beans in centrifugal
electrostatic focusing sjstems,"
paper to be presented at the Intl. Symposium on
Electronic Waveguides,"
Polytechnic Inst. of Brooklyn, New York, 8-10 April 1958
Advance program

AUTHORS:
Chernovf Z. S., Bernashevskiy, G. A. SOV/3o-158-7-10/49
TITLE:
Symposim on "Electronic Waveguides" in the 1JSA
(Simpozium p0

4elektronnym volnovodam" v SShA)
PERIODICAL:
Vestnik
Akadeziii nauk SSSR, 1950, Nr 7, PP- 92 - 95 (USSR)
ABSTRACT:,
The Symposion on Basic Problems of Super-Hi,-:h Frequency of

Electronics took .-)lace in New York (Nlyu-Iork) from April 8

to
April 10. The renorts delivered comprised communications on

various types of SVC~h amplif iors. Such amplifiers also are
the

subject of the work if Soviet scientists, N.G.Basov, A.M.

Prokhorov, M.Ye.Zhabotinskiy and others with the purpose of

obtaining amplifiers with extremely 1o% set noises. The Soviet

scientists.delivered 2 reports: Z.S.Chernov described the

characteristic features of the interaction of electromagnetic

waves with electronic currents in systems with centrifugal-

electrostatic focusing. G.A.Bernashevskiy spoke on result$

obtained by a versatile
inveetigation-of-electronic.two-.ray~wave
Card 1/2
systems. The
round table discussion which took place at the end

SOV/109-3-10-1/1-
AUTHOR:
TITTS: Methods of irocusing Electron Beams in 1.1odern Ultra
Ei,,~-h-
frequency (Microwave) Devices (Metody fokusirovki
elektronnylch potokov v sovremennykh priborakh sverkhvysoki'%-h
chastot)
PERIODICAL: Radiotekhnika i Elektronika, 1958, Vol 3, 1--Tr 10,
pp 122? - 1242 (USSR) t~e
ABSTRACT: The existing systems of focusing electron beams can be
classified as homogeneous and periodic. In the first
class of the devices, the fozusing fields vhich compe-nsat--e
the Coulomb forces are constant along the beam, whereas
the second class ensures the required cop-figuration of tl)e
beam by passing it through a periodic system of maSnetic
or electrostatic lenses or mirrors. The focusing systems
can also be divided into maZ;netic and electrostatic or
combined devices. The classification can be illustrated
by means of a diagram, such as shomrin in Figure 1. In the
figure, all the homogeneous systems lie to the right of
the line A-A and periodic systems to the left of the line.
On the other hand, the mat~netic methods are situated below
the line B-B and the electrostatic ones above the line.
Cardl/6 The following individual systems are shown in this
fiEure:

SOV/109-3-10-1/12
Methods of Focusing Electron Beams in'Modern Ultra Eigh-frequency
(Microwave). Devices
1) longitudinal magnetic field (BrilloAn beam); 2) centr,
fugal, electrostatic focusing; 3) Harris and Crumly
system; 4) periodic electrostatic focusing; 5) the
Chang system- 6) "Slalom" beam; 7) periodic magnetic
focusing; 85 focusing by auxiliary fields; 9) 11meander"
beam and, finally, ionic focusinG. The method of employing
a longitudinal magnetic field is the simplest and consists
of employing a strong field in order to equalise the
electron trajectories. The Brillouin beam (Ref 1) is a
development of this system; in this case, an electron
beam having a circular cross-section is rotated around
the axis whose direction is parallel to the magnetic field
(see Figure 2). This method permits the focusing of
electrons by employing comparatively low fields but there
are practical difficulties in constructing appropriate'
focusing systems. The centrifuCal, electrostatic focusing
system is based on the use of a helical electron gun
(Figure 3) and a pair of helical focusing electrodes; it
also contains a cylindrical anode and a focusing central
Gard2/6 0

SOV/109-3-10-1/12
Ilethods of Focusing Electron Beams in Tyllodern Ultra
High-frequency
(Microwave) Devices
conductor. The Harris-Crumly system employs a hollow,
cylindrical electron beam (Figure 5) which is formed in a
magnetically screened cone; the beam is then introduced
into the field of a cylindrical condenser. The periodic
focusing systems can be either magnetic or electrostatic.
The classical, periodic, electrostatic focusing system
(Figure 6) is very simple. This device is, however, rather
ineffective in ultra high-frequency applications. An
improved, electrostatic, periodic focusinG system was
proposed by Chang and this is based on a rotating bean-, of
the type similar to that of the Harris-Orumly system. The
centrifugal force is balanced by the focusing force of a
periodic, electrostatic field which is produced by a double
helix (Figure 7). The second system, which employs the
principles of periodic and centrifugal electrostatic
focusing, is that due to Kompfner (Ref 22). This is the
so-called "Slalom" beam ~Figure 8), where the two systems
of electrodes form the integral part of a slovi-vave structure,
leigure 9 shows a magnetic, periodic, focusing device which
consists of a number of maGnetised rinGs which produce an
Card3/6 almost sinusoidal field distribution along the axis of
the

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