SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT B.A. DOGADKIN - B.A. DOGADKIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000410720004-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2000
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Conversions of Carboxylated Butadiene-styrene B/190J60/002/02/08/011
Rubbers Under the Action of Gamma Radiation B004/B061
which is particularly heavy with a small radiation dose. The connection
observed between the quantities of gel formed and carboxyl groups
consumed indicates a complicated process of structure formation and
destruction. The latter is seen in a decrease, especially rapid with
small doseep of viscosity of the brine fraction. Intensive interlacing
is caused by raising the methacrylic acid content. There is a linear
relation between the number of carboxyl groups and the number of cross-
links formed. The number of areas-linka calculated from the data of the
swelling agrees well with radiation doses of up to 20 Ur with the number
calculated from the carboxyl groups consumed. There are 5 figures, 3
tables, and 6 references: 3 Soviet and 3 US-
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii
(Moscow institute of Fine Chemical Technology)
SUBMITTED: November 129 1959
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Reversion Phenomena in the Vulcanization of S/190/60/002/004/oo6/020
Rubber With Tetramethylthiuramdisulfide B004/BO56
rubber or SKI-rubber was vulcanized with tetramethylthiuramdisulfide
without metallic oxides or in the presence of magnesium- or calcium
oxides (Table 1). In this case, the d1methyldithiocarbamic acid
decomposes into hydrogen sulfide and dimethylamine. Although this
decomposition was observed also in argon, no reversion occurred. In the
presence of ZnO, reversion occurs neither in air nor in argon, because
the dimethy1dithiocarbamic acid is bound as zinc salt. Zinc increases
also the stability of the vulcanizate to aging (Table 2). The authors
explain the reversion of rubber vulcanization by destructive oxidation
processes which are intensified by the decomposition products of
dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, but are prevented by the binding of this
acid with zinc. There are 3 figures, 2 tables, and 3 references: 1 Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni- M. V. Lomonosov)
SUBMITTED: December 24, 1959
Card 2/2

TARASOVA, Z.N.; KMUTOV, H.Ta.; KOZIA)V, V.T.; 12.~UZEI, N.A.;
MGADKIIT, B.A.
Interaction of sulfur with natural rubber under the Influence
of ionizing radiations. Vysokom. soed. 2 no.8;IZ01-IZ06
Ag 160. (MIRA 130)
1. Muchno-isaledovatellskiv institut shinnoy proqrshlennosti.
(sulfur) (Rubber) (Gamma rays)

69h68
S/069/60/022/02/021/024
15"A 12-0 D034/DOO2
AUTHOR: Tarasova' Z.N., D2gadkin. B.A.9 Arkhangellskaya, M.I.
Petrova S.B,
k k
TITLE: The Structure and Fpperties of Vulcanizate s of
CarboXylated Rubber"Produced by the Combined Action
of Metal Oxides and High Energy RadiationK
PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, 1960, Vol XXII, Nr 2, pp 253-256
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Onthe basis of a number of investigations the authors
of-the article discuss the effect of the structure
of vulcanizates ofsc2rboxylated rubber on their
strength proDertie % It could be established that
the rate Zonstant o8 stress relaxation of these
vul6anizates at 150 C is about 50-100 fold that of
the vulcanizates with polysulfide bonds fRef. 1-7-
Investigation of the change of osmotic and viscosi-
Card 113

69h68
S/069/60/022/02/021/024
D034/DOO2
The Structure and Properties of Vulcanizates of Carboxylated Rubber
Produced by the Combined Action of Metal Oxides and High Energy
Radiation
metric properties of rubber mixture and vulcanizate
solutions pri.or to and after relaxation showed that
the molecular weight does not considerably change.
This in connection with the observed preservation of
the number of cross links during relaxation suggests
the conclusion that the weakening of the stress during
the relaxation of carboxylated rubber vulcanizates
with salt type cross bonds is due to the disinte-
gration of the latter and the rising of new bonds as
a result of exchange reactions. The low thermal
stability of salt type bonds requires additional
introduction of stable bonds into the vulca%8ation
network. Good results were obtained with Co treat-
ment of carboxylated rubber preliminarily vulcanized
Card 2/3

69468
S/069/60/022/02/021/024
D034/DO02
The Structure and Properties of Vulcanizates of Carboxylated Rubber
Produced by the Combined Action of Metal Oxides and High Energy
Radiation
with metal oxides. The formation of a limited number
of cross bonds-C-C- (approximately 1 per 1000 mono-
mer units) permits preparing vulcanizates of high
thermal stability and stren th The strength of such
vulcanizates exceeds 400 kg~cP. There are 1 graph,
1 table and 4 references, 3 of which are Soviet
and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovatel9skiy institut shinnoy promysh-
lennosti, Moskva (Scientific Research Institute of
the Tire Industry, Moscow)
SUBMITTED: November 9. 1959
Card 3/3

S/069/60/022/005/006/011
B015/BO64
AUTHORS: Lukomskayaj A. 1. and Dogadkin, B. A.
TITLE; The Possibility of Studying the Structure of Vulcanizates
Filled With Carbon Black~by Measuring Their Dielectric
Properties.';~
PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, 1960, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp~ 576-566
TEXT: The present paper discusses published data on the change of the
dielectric constant El and the loss factor r," of the frequency
f - On or temperature T for vulcanizates filled with carbon black.
In this connection it is found that the temperature - freq=icy functions
may be used in the quantitative determined of vulcanizates. On the basis
of the characteristics obtained, it is possible to form an idea of the
structure of vulcanizates filled with carbon black. If the value of the
dielectric constant at high frequency E~o in dependence on the carbon-
black content is known in a mixture p, the form factor iflof the carbon-
black particles can be determined., F_~.- E110+10 (4) ( F-11 = dielectric
constant of the rubber phase). If ~) is independent of the carbon-black
Card 1/2

The Possibility of Studying the Structure of S/069/60/022/005/006/011
Vulcanizates Filled: With Carbon Black by B015/Bo64
Measuring Their Dielectric Properties
content, spherical carbon black particles are found at 4l. 1, and extend-
ed ones.at F > 1. A rise of j5 with the carbon-black content (Fig. 1) indi-
cates the formation of a "structure" by the carbon-black particles (chain-
or net structure)..Since j:l changes in the same sense as the "structural"
dielectric losses Sri it is possible to determine the carbon-black
str'
structure from the experimental value Fri. In the course of previous in-
vestigations (Refs. 13-16), the authors observed at high frequencies and
low temperatures that S11 is in agreement with F-11. At high temperatures
str L/
and low frequencies (as well as in the case of direct current), it is
possible to use conductivity for structure determination. Additional in-
formation on the structural changes of filled vulcanizates are obtained
by direct measurement of 0 and Ell during vulcanization. There are 6
figures and 27 references: 12 Soviet, 16 US, 8 British, 2 French,
4 German, and 1 Japanese.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-iseledovateltakiy institut shinnoy promyshlennosti
(Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry)
SUBMITTED: March 17, 1960
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nME I W= =PL401TATION
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1960.
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ahange resins, and:.ductor Acaterials, etc- mthods of oat-
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Int*ractlcns Of high solocul-r mattrIalm, and the effects of
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Xbr^ivoces sly" roliow.tb* articles.
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I W. 0orls-and _A CIV5.191 (ftzmania).
ell=ft hAmincpropyl Ethers or IcIrnnyl Alcohol 34
Te- K-
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wry.nsno -&,-I-h=tjNova0 andN.I. IoXgrev~ (US3R3.
tudy or, a onversions or, Poly-marb9nates 44
the LC i
DOE no 12, &I'dahteYn. and
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f JDouble -Aystaimm of VulcanIza tion Accelerators
Pingaus. 4t-Z_E_V f
QQ.F _arob'_Vv%, *nd P-
ac"Xeva iUSS_ Emg!
Alcohol tars of Sulruric Acid and Polywimyl 73
2jH'A and G, urzL(EuOCA"). 7he Inter-
I b;fft9 Ch-'DrIde
79
A a_j_jXsOUALL,, I I
10. A. V. a __A~Kus-
h- I . h!IpT, and R 14
t # ~%u C~ terla a - Jpi
USSR). a on a olyme -0 S.01-0p,
S-Enductor Proportion a5
Xlka&,J-L, and L. r-.EaAaa-(Bung&r7). Chauldal Properties
of Alpolar Ion-Z=Ir&ng# -itosins 93
J. M~rawlto (Poland). Effect or the 3truc-
949" or SAM 0 Aul-no-To-s-0-ou-n-ds an ~ the Properties of Anion
Prom polystyrene
SaNdafta PI., (USSR). The Problem of the errect or he
r
ruct
or
uct- or onLtes on Ion-Lxchan&*-Frcz*ssqs Between
onites and Electrolyte Solutions . 107
L5~in A. A.. P~~ and y - I
(US3,,j),
-d Properties of 3om* Armatlo Poly%ars 115
P Losev A-3. Tev'Ina. 3. B.
v&; aka~-.L.A-J.o (USSA).-Chomical
Conversions of rnsolubl* Copolymers or Styrene 124
jAnd an, IZ. (Poland). ThOrmal Stability of Strongly Basic
Anion =ch&ngo Resins 146

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norization "actions and the synthesis of high molocular
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COVERAGS: 1him Lis Section III of a multivolumis work contain-
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islyzing Polymerization reactions, properties and chemical
Interactions of high molecular materials, and the effects of
various factors an polymerization and the ditgradatlon of
high molecular compounds. go plitrionalitLirs are menticined.
lefoiftoos given follows the., articles.
(CUR) -
and A. S.
7U Radiation Method or.Copoly3L*rlgfUg--JFc-r-rionitrll* With
.-PolYstv. a and FerchlaroYlarl
f1kov 1. V xv IT&, and P. W.
6vs.__ ~IhIWFR
v*b ). Oxylettylation or- ir an otero-
-Wh?. amid*$ ~ I
Santo I luid X. Gal (Hungary). Oraftlng Mwthyl Mothaarylato
WfQ *XR; Of KQIYvl-ny Alcohol Under- the Action or x-Raym
207
41, R. Pakdaj:and T~c~ (Czeaboslovskift).
iW1_..X'M&r4YA MdtbacrY a Onto rolrprQfflene and Valy-
etb
..Tl&no 21
LZ
A.' and (U33R)'
rt
Ir" _aW 6rZCarboxyl-Cantalining baidlene-Styreno
1whh.. WIth PoIT411111448 and E-Caprolactes 224
MIASMIC- 0 '11 , isad -Tolong Rail-wing (OUR). ;yrth**Lg
?~Aado. R.. and"K. Lazar (CzochoslavLkIAY. The Role cf'tjjj~- -
AR-o of Yme Radicau an croselinking in Polyethylene __ 2-qq
d&nov AI. A- Idy -
and
I. !,,A. Do;:dkln (V
Pgary'r."". K arm rDoxyL-.;oor&ining =-~aalenv_
Stjr"n* Rubbers and Their Mixtures W1W 9-Cmprolactain
Under the Action of Gamma Radiation 293
R
~ , V. A D*-rwvltak I Sun ?lung, Chang Wel-
_!L* . a ~_
-Rathig, and kr.3_.0_317 ;c~ mm Synthesis of New
Cellulose t1veo ~ t
ts Thor Folysaccharldem 302
Y;r?�6jCaka_1._j , and F. X. Kjotokly (USSR). ;Bitiatlon
a Controllita Dyn~o**Lo as yul".i Ia collulosos with
Oxides of Nitrogen
(CSSa)'
j!za`$-rorm-&j-j-o-"`sn chains of C*Lluloso Molecules 32L
Berl Yo. L. Periskaya, and 0. 1. Vo
TM --;40" (USSR).
an Cdapolymeriza.
t1on During the Pressing of Starch Sc2utjcrs 3.34
1. khadzh &14 ti- Ai,1zq
Modification or 1; mertie off(y
the roperties of cellulose tly Ora tinig 34,4

3/069~60/022/006/001/008
B013/ ~066
AUTHORS: Do A., Skorodumova, Z. V., and Fel'dshteyn, M. S.
gadk1n, B
TITLE: Effect of the Chemical Nature of the Surface of Carbon Black
on Its Interaction With Rubber and Sulfur) and on the
Vii1canization Kinetics
PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, 1960, Vol. 22, Noz 6, pp. 663-670
TEXT: The purpose of the present paper was to study the interaction of
carbon black with rubber and the dependence of this reaction on the
nature of the carbon-black surface. The interaction in the systems
rubber - carbon black and rubber - carbon black - sulfur was studied
in butadiene-styrene rubber CKC-30A(SKS-30A). The vulcanization
temperature was 1430C. The sorption of rubber from n-heptane solutions
(Pig. 1) indicated that the commercial blacks drop in the following order
according to the quantity of rubber sorbed per unit surface: Lampblack >
thermal black> furnace black> channel black. The type "Feelblack 0"
corresponds to channel black. The rubber quantity sorbed per surface unit
Card 1/3

Effect of the Chemical Nature of the Surface S/06 60/022/006/001/1008
of Carbon Black on Its Interaction With Rubber B013yi3o66
and Sulfur, and on the Vulcanization Kinetics
is the higher, the less oxygen-containing functional groups occur on the
black surface. The interaction of rubber with carbon black permitted the
establishment of a similar relationship at vulcaniz-ation temperature. It
was shown that the sulfur chemically bound on the black surface forms
additional active centers, and participates in the formation of cross
links. Since the opinions onthe character of the interaction of carbon
black with rubber diverge, this problem requires further thorough
investigation. The effect of the oxidation of carbon black on the vulcaniza-
tion kinetics was tested on the type "Feelblack 0" which is used to a
considerably extent in the tire industry. It was oxidized for 1.5 hours
at 4000C in the air, The oxygen content in the carbon black increased and
the low pH was indicative of an increased content of carbcxy'L and phenol
groups. It was found that the increased number of oxygen-containing
functional groups on the surface of carbon black reduce the vulcanization
rate, and the moduli, the content of bound sulfur, and increase the
maximum of swelling. This effect of oxygen-containing functional groups
was also confirmed by the data obtained for sulfur by heating the system
rubber - carbon black - sulfur with contents of lampblack, channel. black,
Card 2/3

Effect of the Chemical Nature of the Surface S/069/60/022/006/001/006
of Carbon Black on Its Interaction With Rubber B013/BO66
and Sulfur, and on the Vulcanization Kinetics
"Feelblack 011, and furnace black (Fig. 6). Samples of channel black
which had been subjected to heat treatment were made available by
B. V. Lukin and K. A. Pechkovskaya. There are 6 figures, 4 tables, and
12 references: 8 Soviet, 7 US, 1 British, and 2 Australian.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut shinnoy promyshlennostil;
Moskva (Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry,
Moscow)
SUBMITTED: June 6, 1960
Card 3/3

'PARA OVA, Z.N.,_DOGAI)KIN, B.A., ARXWGXLISKhTA, M.I., PSMOVA, S.B.
Structure and propertioa of vulcanizates produced from carboxy-
lated polymers obtainect through the combinel action of metal
oxides and high energy radiation, KoU. zhur. 22 n0-2:253-256
mr-Ap 16o. (MMA 13:8)
1. Hauchno-iseledovatellskiy inatitut shinnoy prou7shlennooti,
Moskva.
(Rubber-Research) (Radiation)

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MIDSHTM, H.S.; ORWVSXIY, P-1.1 DOGAIRIN, B.A.
Iffect of accelerators as determined by the temperature of vul-
canization. Xauch.1 rds. 19 no.12:27-31 D 160~ (MM 13:12)
1. Rauchno-iseledovatellekly institut, shinnoy pronyablennosti.
(Vulcanization)

DOGADNIN. B.A.;. SKC!tODUROVA, Z..T.;, 1PIMIDSHTSYN, HoSe
I ----------
Iffect of the ebemical natw-4 of a carbon-black surface on its
interaction with rubber and sulfur and on the vulcanization
kinetics. Xoll. zhur. 22 no. 6..663-67o N-D 16o. (KIRA 13:12)
1. Nauchno-isoledovatel'skiy institut shinuoy promyshlennostis
Moskva.
.(Carbom, black) (Vulcanization) --

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Transactions of the Symposium in 4 Volumes. Y. 1*. General Problems in the
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Gostoptakbizdat, 1961. 340 p. 4,140, copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency, Gosudaratyemyy nauchno-tekbn1cheekiy komitet Boveta Miulstm
SM, and Goffadarstve=M komitet Savets, Xinistrov SM po ispoll 10vaniYu
atornoy energii.
Ls Vo3. s
Ed. (Title page): N.A. Petror, L.I. Pstren1w and P.S. Savitekiyj Edo. of tX
L.I. Petrenko, P.O. Savitskiy, V.I. Sinitsin, Ta. M. Kolotyrldn, I.P. Syrkux
and R.F. Rom; Mwoutive Ids.t To. 8. TAYU& and B. Ys Titakays.; Tech. Ed.1
E*A. Mdiina#

137.
Radioactive Isotopes (cont.)
VURPOSE- The book is intendel for technical personnel concerned with problem
of application of radioactive isotopes and nuclear radiation in all branches.
of the Soyiet econw.
COVERAGEz An All-Union Conference on problems in the introduction of radioactive
isotopes and nuclear radiation into the national economy of the Soviet Union
took place in Riga on 12-16 April 1960. The Conference was sponsored by:
the Goaudarstyennyy neucbnO-te1%bn1cbeski7 komitat Swets, Hinistrov SSSR (State i
Scientific and Technical Conmittee of the Council of Hinisters, USSR); 013moye
upravleniye po ispolIzovemiyu atonnoy energii pri. Soveta Hinistrov SSSR (gain i
Administration for the Utilization of Atomic Energy of the Council of Ministersp
USSR), Academy of Seiences,.USSR, Gosplan USSR, Gosudarstwernyy kamitat Santa
Ministrov SSSR po sytomatizateii i mashinostroyeniyu, (State Committee of the
Council of Hinistere, USSR, for Automtion and Machine Building) andL the Council
of Mnistere of the Latvian SM. The transactions of this Conference are
publIahed in four volume. Volume I contains articles on the following subjectst
the general problems of the Conference topica;.tha state and prospects of
development of radiation chemistry; an& results and prospects of applying radio-
active isotopes and nuclear radiation in the petroleum refining and chemical
industries. . Problems of designing and manufacturing inatz uts which con
sources of radioactive radiation and are.used for checking and automation of
technolo#ical processes am examined, along vith problem of accident prevention
uae. 3o personalities am mentioned. References accompany sow of the
IiAnMir
c 0
.

Radioactive Isotopes
SW/5h86
Korablev., L,]N. Specifications of Tubes and Cold Cathodes 158
RAPTATION CMIS"Y
Breger,, A. Kh. Sources of y-Radiation for Radiation-Chemical Apparatus 169
Syrkus,, N.P.., A.M. Breger,, and B.I. Vaywhteyne Basic Technological
Characteristics of a Potential Apparatus for Carrying Out Radiation
Polymerization of Ethylene 6n an Industrial Scale 176
Dogadkin, B.A.., Z.N. Tax-asova, X. Ya. Kaplunov., A. Kh. Breger,,
L-.N;-Kepershaj, B,I. Vaynshteyn, Ya. X. Vizell., and V.L. FArpor.
Intensification of the Process of Radiation Vulcanization and the
Technical Principles of an Experinente4 Installation for the
Radiation Vulcanization of Tires 184
Dzbagatspanyan, R.V., V.I. Zetkinp GV. Notsarevj, and M.T. Filippov.
Chlorination of Silicon-Containing Mononers and Polymers Under the
Action of Y-Radiation 197
Card-q7L-M--

AUTHORSt Dogadu" A.I
T.-Kh-., Kepershal
Karpov, V. L.
34896
5/081/62/000/003/085/090
B 162/B101
Tarasova, Z. N., Kaplunov, M. Ya., Breger,
L. M., Vaynshteyn, B. I.t Vizell, Ya. M.,
TITLE: Intensification of the process of radiation vulcanization
and technical principles of an experimental installation for
radiation vulcunisation of tyres
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal.* Khimiya, no- 3, 1962, 595 - 596,
abstract 3P275 (Sb. "Radioakt. izotopy i yadern.izlucheniya
v nar. kh-ve SSSR, v. I", M., Gostoptekhizdat, 1961, 184 -196)
TEXT: An investigation was made into the effect of medium (air and vamm),
temperature (from -196 to 1000C), sensitizers and inhibitors on radiation
vulcanization under the action of Co60 y - radiation of butadiene#
butadiene-styrene and natural rubber. The degree of cross-linking in air
is higher than izr vacuum. In the presence of 2 % phenyl. - P- naphthyl-
'_1 the radiation-ohemical yield of cross-links per 100 ev of absorbed

S/081/62/000/003/085/090
Intensification of the process ... B162/B101
energy drops by half for butadiene rubber in vacuum. The decrease in
non-saturation is only partially explained by cross-linking and oxidation,
and in the main this phenomenon is probably connected with the formation
of intra-molecular rings. The cross-linking at different temperatures
depends to a large extent on the structure of the rubber. Aliphatic poly-
halides reduce the required radiation dose by half (to 25 Mr) and ensure
the production of rubbers with a static strength equal to the strength of
the beat sulphur vulcanized rubbers. Vulcanization of rubbers containing
carboxyl by the combined action of metal oxides and nuclear radiation
(dose 10 Mr)*gives vulcanized rubbers with high thermal stability and
high strength properties. An investigation was made into the kinetics of
the addition of styrene and 2,5 -dichlorostyrene to natural rubber and
butadiene-styrene rubber and to mixtures of these with channel black with
irradiation in Ar. An acceleration of vulcaniz-ation was observed in the
presence of these monomers and vulcanized rubbers were obtained which
possessed high thermomechanical stability and strength. The technical
principles of a technological process for an experimental installation for
radiation vulcanization of tyrea are examined. Different types of y-redla-
tion sources were compareds radiation In-Ga loop of a nuclear reactor,
Card 2/3

S/081/62/000/003/085/090
Intensification of the process ... B162/B101
spent-fuel assemblies, Cc 60 and different types of irradiators. A scheme
is proposed for a technological process for an experimental installation
with spent-fuel assemblies. [Abstracter's note3 Complete translationi
Card 3/3

26800
3/138/61/000/009/004/011
A051/A129
ALMIORSs Tarasova, Z. N., Bytingon, 1. 1., SenAtorskaya, L. G., Fcdorova, T. V,
Tl=: Application of phenothiazine (thiodiphenylamlne) as an antifatiguo
agent of NR, CKW(S" and CKC-30AM (SKS-30AM) vulomizates
MIODICAL: Yauchuk I rezina, no. 9, 1961, 15 - 18
TMs A study was carried out to determine the action of phenothiazine dur-
Ing.the vulcanization end fatigue of NR, SKI and SKS-30AM rubbers. It war. estab-
lished that phenothiazine has no slgni~icant effect on the kinetics 9r vulcaniza-
tion and on the standard physico-machanical properties of the vulcanizates. it
Increases the durability of the vuleanizates from the given rubbers during the
process of repeated deformations under various conditions of fatigue. Phanothia-
zinc or the products of its transformation combine with the vulcanizate..under the
effect of thermo-oxidizing action and repeated deformations, No combinin5 of
ph~nothiazine was noted during the process of thermal action alone. Phenothlazzine
in conjunction with certain oxidation inhibitors has more thari'just an additive
action (mutually-Intensifying action). A study of the exchange ability of the
Card,_I&

28300
8/138/61/000/009/004/011
Application of phenothiazine... P50129
vulcanizates with elemental sulfur showed that phenothiazine does not affect the
naVare of the vulcanizing structures, and during vulcanization at 1430c causes
noti,.eable changes In the type of the sulfur bonds at temporatures of 173rC. A
further study of its ability to react In isotope exchanso with ilomental sulfur
showed that under vulcanization at 1730C there is no noticembla sulfur exchange in
Pbenothiazine. Data of Table'l reveal that phanothiazIne reduces tho rate of
chemical relaxation by Ito 7 times In NR vulcanizates and by a factor of two in
vulcanizates of SKI, and by 2 - 3 timcs..1n 3%3-30A vulcanizates. It has a more
effective action ID rubbers produced at elevated vuicanizing temporatures thnn
other known anti-fatigue agents, such as N-phonyl-NI-oyclohoxyl-n-phonylenediamine
(4010). Phenothlazine increases the durability of -the vulcanizatas during the
proce.5s of repeated deformations In symmetrical nign-changIng loading and in ra-
peated bending. It reacts with the products of oxidation, stabilizing the latter
and thus preventing the further development of the thermoo-oxidizing dertruction.
Tlio application of a system of inhibitors having a combined intensifying action
shows promise in extending the service life of rubbers and stabilicb*G them.
There arc 2 tables, I set or graphs and 9 referenoest 6 Soviet-bloc and 3 non-So-
viet-bloo. The references to the English-language publications read as followas
Card 2/4

28800
3/138/61/000/009/004/011
Application of phonothiazine ... A051/A129
Murphy, Ravner, Smith, Ind. Eng. Chem., 42, no. 2. 2479 (1950); A. Tobolsky,' J.
Appl. Phys., 27, no. 7. 673 (1956).
ASSOCIATIONi Ilauchno-issledovatellskiy institut shinnoy pmmyshlennosti (Scientific
Research Institute of the Tire Industry)
Table 1. Effect of the type of the anti-fatigue agent introduced Into the mixture
on the rate of chemical relaxation of tension end the durability of the vulcani-
zates during the fatigue process (dosage of anti-fatigue agent 1.0 w.p. to 100
W.D. f rubber)
Vulcanization Rate of relaxation Durability in do-
Type ype of anti-fatigue conditions constint a~ 1300C. formations, I
of .10-
agent temp.,Idura-
rubbe n non- symmetr., ~rcpeatcd
OC tion, in air ix on slen-exch.bending
Imin. comitions, loadi 1pinni
Iat I at
igue
fM iwithout anti-fat 0
;agent 143 1 20 38 1.11 1 1 934
iphenothiazino' 143 20 11:5 1.07 1 3:217
card 3/4

S/I 90/61 /003/004/001 /014
B1 01 /B207
AUTHORS: Dogaj~~B.~. Dobromyslovaj A. V., Belyatskayaj 0. N.,
Gyull-Nazarova, T. A.
TITLE: Study of the early vulcanization (scorching) of rubber mix-
tures. 1. Structural changes of non-filled and filled mix-
tures when heated
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, v. 3, no. 4, 1961,
497-504
TEXT: The present Ptudy deals with the structural changes occurring in the
scorching of rubber mixtures as well as with the effect of various factors
upon this process. The investigation was conducted by means of a plasto-
meter of the NI1ShP (scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry) at
1200C. The mixtures were heated. in the plastometer for seven minutes and
then, at constant pressure, pressed through a capillaryl every two minutes,
the quantity leaving the capillary was weighed. The moment at which no more
mixture left the capillary, was defined as scorching point. Preliminary
tests proved that the data obtained by means of the plastometer are in good
Card 1/7

S/19 61/003/004/001/014
Study of ... B1 01 YB207
agreement with those obtained by the BP -1 (VR-1 ) viscosimeter. Moreover, the
kinetics of sulfur addition and the change of the solubility in benzene were
tested. A) Non-filled mixtures. The experiments were made with a mixture
of (in weight 76) 100 CKC-30A (SKS-30A) rubber, 3 sulfur, 1 .2 N,N-diethyl-
benzothiazyl sulfenamide, 1.2 dibenzothiazyl disulfide; 2 zinc oxide, 2.0
stearic acid. Fig. I shows the results obtained. The curve of S addition
does not go through the origin of coordinates, since the initial rubber
contains already 0-21A S. In the scorching point, the S addition amounts to
about 0.5%. B) Filled mixtures. Carbon black served as filler. The mix-
ture consisted of (in weight %) 100 SKS-30A rubber, 3.0 sulfur, 1.2
sulf enamide ST (BT) 1 1 .2 altax, 5.0 ZnO, 1 .0 colophonium, 3.0 rubrax, 1 .0
stearic acid, 5-0 polydienes, 40 spray burner black, 15-0 carbon black. The
results are listed in Fig. 2. In the presence of highly surface-active
carbon black, the scorching point occurred already after the addition qf
0.25-0-30% sulfur, while in the presence of coarse-disperse carbon black,
0-4-0-5% S is added. C) The authors studied the effect exerted b v rious
types of carbon black the properties of which are listed:
Card 2/7

Study of
Table 1.
S/190J61/003/004/001/014
B101/B207
Type of carbon black pH of the carbon specific scorching time
black suspension surface min
in water-alcohol 2
M A
mixture
Carbon black 3.2 - 3-3 90 94
Carbon black,
reduced 8-4 - 8.6 - 62
Chimney soot 8.0 - 8.2 30 62
Chimney soot
oxidized 6.2 - 6-4 - 98
Spray burner black 7-4 - 7.6 25 70
Thermal carbon black 7-4 - 7.6 15 76
Fig. 4 shows the effect of the pH of.carbon black upon the sulfur addition.
The effect of the degree of dispersion of carbon black manifesteditself by
the fact that carbon black, already when masticated with rubber, forms
rubber - black gel (approximately 42%), while in the case of coarse-disperse
card 3/7

Study of ...
s/190/61/003/004/001/014
B101/B207
chimney soot this effect was not observed. Heating of carbon black in N 2
to eliminate the oxygen-containing groups, had no effect upon this
phenomenon, led, however, due to the pH increase, to a quicker sulfur ad-
dition. -The network formation with fine-disperse carbon black was also.
observed in mixtures with natural rubber. Thus, scorching is caused by
interaction of rubber with sulfur and other vulcanizing substances. The
only means of a successful elimination is an inhibVinn of the mentioned
processes. V. A. Zhukova participated in the experi:aents. There are
6 figures, 2 tables, and 14 references: 2 Soviet-bloc and 12 non-Soviet-
bloc. The 2 references to English language publications read as follows:
M. L. Studebaker, L. G. Nabors, Rub. Age 80, 5, 837, 1957; W- H- Watson,
Industr. and Engng. Chem. Al, 1281, 1955-
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M'. V. Lomonosov).NII shinnoy
promyshlennosti. (scientific Research Institute.of Tire Industr~
SUBMITTED: June 10, 1960
Card 4/7

~,-,;Study' Of
.Fig. 1: Change of the fl ow and the amount of
bound oulfur when heating non-filled butadiene-
~Styrene rubber.to 1200C.-
Legend: 1) flowl bound sulfur; -a) time
''of heatine; min; b) flow; o) bound sulfur,
S/19 61/003/004/001/014
BI 01 YB207

S/190/61/003/004/001/014
'Study of ... B101/B207
Fig. 2: Change of the flow, solubility.,
and amount of bound sulfur when heating
filled rubber to 120 OG.
Le-end; flow; 2) solubilitY; 3) bound
sulfur; a) time of beating, min;
b) insoluble portionj a) bound sulfur.
Card 6/7-

Study of
Fig- 4: Kinetics of the sulfur
addition to rubber mixtures.
Legend: 1) chimney soot (PH a 8);
2) spray burner black (PR - 7-4);
3) chimney soot oxidized (PH 6.2);
41 thermal carbon black (PH 7-4);
5 'carbon black (pli - 3.2);
6 carbon black red*uced (PH 8-4);
a time of heatinU; b) bound sulfur.
Q;)
S/190/61/003/004/0011/014
B101/B207
Card 7/7

'- DOG PAVLOV, N.N,; Prinimla ucbastiye: RUMUNTSWA, F.A.
Spectral study of the vulcanization of rubber. Vyaokom.soed. 3
no,4:613-617 AP 161- (MIU 34:4)
1. Moskovokiy institut tonkoy kbimicheskoy tekhnologii imeni M.V.
Lomonosovao
(Vulcanization-Spectra)

22566
S/190/61/003/005/009/014
1-.9000 1 q U01 12 03 B110/B220
AUTHORS: Dogadkin, B. A., Tutorskiy, 1. A., Tugov, I. I.,
A
T
-Itzitser, V. S., Krokhina, L. S., Shershnev, V. A.
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
The chemical modification of vulcanizates. I. The reaction
of vulcanizates with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and
isoprene
Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, v. 3, no. 5, 1961,
729-733
TEXT: The chemical modification of vulcanizates is completely new and
hardly mentioned in literature. The purpose of the present paper was to
study the chemical modification process caused by copolymerization of the
vuloanizates with the monomer. Natural rubber (I) or a mixture of natural
rubber and butadiene styrene rubber CKC-30 (SKS-30) (II) were disintegrated
to particles of about 1 mm, scrubbed in the Soxhlet with acetone, and
filled into a weighed ampulla. The monomer (purified styrene, mathyl
methacrylate, or isoprene) was added in quantities assuring the uniform
swelling of the vulcanizate. Then the ampulla was sealed and heated In
Card 1/8

The chemical...
22566
S/190/61/003/005/003/014
B110/B220
an oil thermostat. Conversion of monomer and yield in graft polymer were
determined by weight. The product of copolymerization was extracted with
the hot solvent of the formed homopolymer: methyl ethyl ketone for poly-
styrene, acetone for polymethyl methacrylate, benzene for polyi-soprene.
In order to initiate the copolymerization process the vulcanizates were
ozonized first of all in a suspension of CCl 4 to introduce functional
(probably peroxide) groups. One has made use of the ozonizer developed
by the Kafedra gazovoy elektrokhimii MGU im. Lomonosova (Department
for Gas Electrochemistry of the Moscow State University imeni Lomonosov).
The experimental temperatures mere: 60, 100, 110, 150, and 1600C. The
curves of kinetic copolymerization of non-ozonized I and II are represented
in Figs. 2a and 6. In case the vuloanizate had been ozonized previously,
a large fraction of the isoprene added polymerized already at 600C. 'A
considerable part of the polymerized isoprene forms with the vuloanizate
a graft polymer (Fig. 6). Also for the copolymerization of methyl
methacrylate with vulcanizate, its previous ozonizing raises the reaction
rate and yield in graft polymer (Fig- 7). The active centers of the
rubber-existing in the vulcanizate (double bonds and a-methylene groups)
Card 2/8

22566
3/190/61/003/005/009/014
The chemical... B110/B220
are able to act as branching points in the chain of the trimerio polymer
and, thus, form the graft polymer. Moreover, the initial polymerization
may be effected by oxygen-oontaining groups existing on the surface of the
crushed vulcanizate. The surface increase effected by adsorption of
monomers on the crushed polymerizate also accelerates the reaction. When
polymerizing thenon-ozonized vulcanizates with styrene at 150-180 OC, the
polymerization reaches its maximum already after the first 2 to 3 hr and
then remains constant, since the thermopolymerization of styrene is
practically completed. With a decrease in temperature of polymerization
the yield in copolymers increases as compared to the total monomer
polymerized. Yu. M. Yemellyanov assisted in the experiments. There are
7 figures and 8 references: 3 Soviet-bloo and 5 non-Soviet-bloc.
The two references to English-language publications read as follows:
Ref. 1: R. I. Ceresa, W. P. Watson, Trans. and Proceed 35, 19, 1959.
Ref - 4: 1. Green, E. F. Sverdrup, Industr. and Engng. Chem. 48, 2138, 1956.
Card 3/8

22566
5/190/61/003/005/009/014
The chemical... B11O/B220
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy Institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnolQgii im.
Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology
imeni Lomonosov) Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-iseledovatellaki.y
institut plenoohnykh materialov i iskusstvennoy kozhi
(All-Union Scientific Researoh Institute of Film Materials
and Artificial Leather)
SUBMITTED: July 25, 1960
Fig. 2: kinetics of copolymerization: Legend: a) Vulcanizate of natural
rubber vith styrene; 6) vuloanizate of natural + SKC-30 rubber with styrene.
Full-;-line curves -styrene conversion; broken-line curves =yield in graft
polystyrene. Temperature of polymerization: 1) =1100C; 2)- 1500C;
3) =1800C. a) time of polymerization, hr.
Card 4/8

28187
S/190/61/003/010/017/019
A B1241B110
AUTHORS: Dogadkin, B. A., Dobromyslova, A. V., Belyatskaya, 0. N.
TITLE: Study of premature vulcanization (scorching) of rubber
mixtures. II. Effect of inhibitors (antiscorchezs) on the
kinetics of sulfur addition to rubber
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, V. 3, no. 10, 1961,
1572-1579
TEXT: The authors studied the effect of the best-known antiscorching
agents (benzoic and phthalic acids, phthalic anhydride, and N-nitroso-
diphenyl amine (NDPA)) on the vulcanization rate of rubber mixtures with
sulfur. The rubber mixtures, filled later with carbon black, consisted of
100 parts by weight of styrene butadi ene rubber CKC -30 A (SKS-3 OA) 1
3.0 sulfur, 1.2 N,N-diethyl-amino-benzothiazole sulfenamide, 1.2 di-
benzothiazyl disulfide, 5.0 ZnO, 2.0 stearic acid, and 1 part by weight of
the antiscorchers mentioned. Table 1 shows the effect of the inhibitors
examined on the time of scorching and the addition rate of sulfur to
rubber. All antiscorchers prolong the time of liquid state of the mixture.
Card 1/6

283-87
S/190J61/003/010/017/019
Study of premature vulcanization ... B124/B11O
The inhibiting effect of NDFA is not affected by the presence or type of
the accelerator (N-cyclohexyl benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CHBTS), diphenyl
guanidine, 2-mercapto benzothiazole, tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide, N-oxy-
diethylene-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (ODBTS), or 2,4-dinitro-phenyl ether
of 2-mercapto benzothiazole (MBTDNP)). Mixtures of oil containing styrene
butadiene rubber CKC-30AM-15 09KS-30AM-15) were tested. The induction
period in the addition of sulfur in mixtures containing CHBTS is increased
in the presence of NDPA; the addition proceeds very slowly in the presence
of ODBTS &.ad MBTDNP at 1200C, and is still very small after 2 hr at 1300C-
In mixtures on the basis of extracted butadiene styrene, vulcanization is
not accelerated at 1000C in the presence of NDPA, even after 8 hr. A f irst-
order equation holds for the interaction of sulfur with rubber; there is a
linear dependence of the logarithm of the free-sulfur concentration on the
time of heating. The constants of the reaction rate were calculated from
a first-order equation (Table 2). The rate of addition of CHBTS and
Thiuram to rubber is increased bj NDPA; the shape of the kinetic curve for
CHBTS addition is not changed by NDPA; only the amount of Thiuram sulfur
bound to rubber rises. In conclusion, it may be stated that NDPA
inhibits the interaction of sulfur with rubber. The mechanism of aCt4on
of the other inhibitors examined is different, and depends on the type of
j , or

28187
S/100/61,/003/010/017/019
Study of premature vulcanization ... B124/B110
inhibitor used and the components of the rubber mixture. TherMal
decomposition (> 10OPC) of NDPA produces NO which reacts in vulcanization
with sulfur-containing radicals in the mixture, and inhibits rubber
vulcanization. The second radical (diphenyl nitrogen) formed in thermal
decomposition of NDPA, however, as a weak accelerating effect on the
addition by accepting hydrogen. The dropping inhibitory effect of ND113A
with increasing temperature dissociate to active particles with reduced
number of sulfur atoms. The inhibition of crosslinking by NDPA is
possibly not only due to the dropping addition rate of sulfur but also to
the destructive effect of NDPA on the rubber. A. Ye. Grinberf; et al,
(Ref. 3: Kauchuk i rezina, 1959, no. 1, 22) and V. I. Golldanskiy (Ref.
Uspekhi khimii, 12, 63, 1946) are mentioned. There are B figures,
2 tables, and 7 references: 5 Soviet and 2 non-Soviet~ The two refer-
ences to English-language publications read as follows: D, Craig, Rubber
Chem. and Technol. 30, 1291, 1957; L. A. K. Staveley, C. N. Hinshelwood,
Trans4 Faraday Soc. 12, 845, 1939.
Card 3/6

28187
S/19 61/003/010/017/019
Study of premature vulcanization ... B1 24Y331 10
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
SUBLUTTED: December 16, 1960

2P74
S/190/61/003 01110161oi6
B110/B147
AUTHORS: Dogadkin, B, A., Dontsov, A. A~
TITLE: Reaction of polyethylene with sulfur
PERIODICAL! Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, v. 3, no. 11, 1961,
1746-1754
TEXT; The results of the reaction of polyethylene (PE) with sulfur are
given in the present pa er. Nonstabilized PE ((,jj (tetralin, 1350C)
= 1.94; d25 '0.915 g/cm3) was mixed with sulfur, repeatedly recrystallized
from benzene, in the laboratory mixer for rubber at 110OC-1200C, 2 g of
mixture was heated in an ampul with Ar atmosphere in the oil bath.
Content of H2S, free and bound S; amount of gel; uneaturation, maximum
of swelling, and the weight increase during swelling were determined in
the reaction product. Heating of PE with S at 200OC-2500C produces
binding of S with hydrocarbon, separation of H 2S, increase of the double
bonds, formation and gradual increase of chemical cross links between th,~
Card 1/6

2';744
S/190/61/0D5/O1!/016/0I6
Reaction of polyetbylene with sulfur B110/B147
PE molecule chains, This causes gel formation. Cyclic structures are
formed and small amounts of decomposition products of low molecular weight
are separated. In the larger, rectilinear part of the kinetic curve,9 "or
G addition, the absolute rate of reaction increases linearly with the
initial S content. The relative rate- 3 bound /s total Is inversely 'XI
proportional- With an S content > 6 ~o in the polymer. it becomes constan.
at 2300C, independent of the initial 5 content.. The maximum amount of S
(41--37 ~',) of the initial content is independent of the reaction tempera-
ture, The temperature coefficient of S addition is ?,,44i the activaticn
energy 44~4 kcal/mole, and the pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius
equation i.56,1o15 see-!, which corresDonds to substitution reactions.
The kinetic curves for the H,S separation show a salient point -Ahi,~h
appears the quicker. the smaller the amount of bound S and the higher the
reaction temperature. At a content of bound S e.~1.2 %, no aalient point
occurs. Before the salient point the amount of separated H2S is about
equivalent to that of bound S, The ratio H 2 S/S bound increases to - 2
towards the end of the reaction,. R,S devc-lops, therefore, (1) bec-use
r'-,A 2/6

S/19 17003/011/016/016
1i
Reaction of polyethylene with sulfur BIIOFBCI4'7,
primary reactions of S and PE, and (2) on account of secondary reactions
of the bound S. (2) occiirs at sufficient concentration of the S-containing
groups and hicher temperatures. To verify this, a mixture with 7-74 % S
0
was heated at 230 C for 2-3 hr. After remova; of free S by means of
acetone, further heating was conducted at 230 C in Ar atmoophere for
,2-3 hr. H2S separation occurred with an increase of cross links in the
insoluble fraction. The maximum amount of separated H 2S amcunts to-2/3
of the initial S. Accumulation of the double bonds occurs at a constant
rate, depending on temperature and S content in the mixture. For
PE+7-74% St k -10 -3 min -1 (sulfur additiont k 4.16-10-3).
230 = 4.64 230
A linear dependence exists between unsaturation increase and S addition.
The total number of double bonds at the end of the process is 5-7-5 % of
the equivalent of separated H 2S. Gel formation increases with increasing
reaction temperature and increasing initial 3 content, the maximum content
of insoluble fraction, however, remains almost constant. It is reached
at 0.6-0.7c/o of bound S. With increasing heating and S addition, the
maximum of gel swelling in boiling toluene drops until termination of the
Card 3/6

Reaction of polyethylene with sulfur
S addition. A linear dependence exists between the maximum of swelling
and the amount of bound S. The cross links probably develop owing to
secondary regroupings of S bonds. The final concentration of cross links
is 5-9-9-4-1018/cm3 (50-80 S atoms pe3~ cross link). Intramolecular
S-containing cycles probably develop, or destruction processes occur. The
structural changes are indicative of thermal destruction according tot
S z:�S;*---4S*' + S". The bi-radicals separate H from methine- or
8 x y
methylene groups: RCH CH R + S " ---q-RCH C-HR + HS;. The following takes
place: 2 2 .1 x 2 1
RCH ~CII[tt + S. - RCIIEjjR, (3)
S.
RCII2CIj'R' - 11CII.C11111 + HC112dl R, (4)
SX
The struoturaticn reaction occurs according to
29744 S/190J61/003/011/016/016
BIIO/BI47
Card 4/6,

29744
8/190/61/003/011/016/016
Reaction of polyethylene with sulfur 11110/11147
RSII + IIJSII IISRI + 112S
+ 11S, it, (12)
RS, + III RSXII1 (13)
Double binding occurs according to
S.+RCHSCII,Rl~RCII-CIISRJ+lls,~RC[is=CIIRI-FIIIS+S."*-I
1. 06)
S.
Ring formation proceeds according to
CIII-C11 CII.- - C112
11 1 11 . V~
- C11 CII - III It (P)
1. \ S
S."H
6

:4?300961/003/011/016/016
Reaction of polyethylene with sulfur B110/B147
CHI - Clio CHI - CHI
11L111 C112r- R, + HS'- RCH CH - R, + HIS (18)
S, S
CHI - CHt
CHI - CHI
Lk-t. &_111,+HS, (tg)
b S
The authors thank A. V. Nikanorenkova for assistance with experiments.
There are 7 figures and 11 referencos: 1 Soviet and 10 non-Soviet. The
three most recent references to English-language publications read as
follows: G. Gee, Trans. Faraday Soo., A-8, 515, 1952; F. Faibrother, G. Gee,
T. Merrili J. Polymer Sci. I 16t 459t 1955; D. At. Gardner,' G. K. Fraenkel,
J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,76, 3279-P1956.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovakiy instittjt tonkoy khimichesko tekhnologii im.
M. V. Lomonosova kMoscow Institute of dine Chemical Technology
imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
SUB14ITTED: January 4, 1961
Card 616

TARASOVA, Z. N.; KAFLUNOV, M. I&.; KOZLOV., T. V.; 11AUZENJO ff. A.j DOGLUIBI B.A.
Interaction of sulphur and natural rubber under ionizing radiation.
Cbem prum llmo.11:601-604 N 161.
L Vyzkmny ustav prumWelu pneumatik,, Moskm.

TARASOVA, Z.W.; MUM., I.I.; SENATORSKAU, L.G.; FEDORDVA, T.V.;
DOGADXIN,, B.A.
Use of phenothiazine (thiodiphenylamine),,as an antifatigue agent
for vulcanizateo from Ap SKIp and SKS-30AM. Kauch. i rez.
20 no*9:15-18 8 161, (MIRA 15:2)
1, Nauchno-risaledovatel'Wdy institut shinnoy protyahlennosti.
(Vulcanizatiop)
(Phenothiatine)

FELIDSHTEYN, M.S.; CHERNWORSUYA, I.G.; EYTINGON, I.I.; GURIYANOVAp Ye.N.;
DOGLDKLN,, B.A.
Vulcanizing activity of some 2-mereaptobenzothiazole derivatives
and their exchangeability with radioactive di-2-b6nzotb4azolyl
disulfide. Kauch. i rez. 20 no.10-.15-18 0 161. (MIRA 14:22)
l.-Nauchno-isgaedovatpllskiy institut shirmoy promyshlennosti.
(VU18-anization) (mercapto group)
(Banzothiazole)

DOGADKIN, B.A - ZACHESOVA, G.N.; SHOWN, I.A.
Reclaiming of rubber by the diepersing method. Nauch. i rez.
4 no.IW541 D 161, (KIRA 15 fl)
1, Nauchno-issledovatel'Ody inslitut shinnoy promyshlennosti.
(Rubbor.. Reclaimed)

o69 6A (JOB
ZOO
J~A OA 0VL I I'.
O:ra. "O"s
eso-qsi e O-WJ, 5
01 91
OOeT of zq~hcA
96A e-re, tre
A ke
go. ege" 140& ~.O-ca,
a, 9-ICA 6 ill ?3 a0 ,re T B.V'P Go-vt
t-~60-te :)-r tle Te
-,T to
'20-9 , ~9.1y-" I ol~
as r rer, ev",
s,a,aj , ,
-C~e ,,-e
,aeo,* Olt eoxis
9A as-1, te) toe
OS
.,Pose 'ge-re.~Ot. r
'I'lic T0,a ejEe Oge
Tj,e b-j tyte%- sti.01 -0-i
be'r 1)Ogs, AA via A) i.0 Se
It 0 egO~I' 6-r jjiO' The je S' - 60
A o~) .,. -r 1 00 eIrs'
0 'b'Oe %e 9 ts. B.'r
rt t,,
e ,.1e the se
ces .9-rese I'h ~~%
9151 tj~e ft&'9 & 00-Ir
lie &T 0 0 50 0
0.0 &
*. 10 ev~.e 1 taeil aete e
-,0 0 Go'O
i.5 So
t tye
IVA jeAG 0
tollo " 0 se
~ -c- "tp-.r - --fte

S/069/61/023/002/001/008
Preparation and ... B101/B208
and by means of an electron microscope in fine dispersions (carried out by
S. A. Simanovskaya). The following results were obtained:
Emulsifier g11OO g rubber particle radius-, V
colophony 10 0.241
oleic acid 10 0.514
P-naphthalene sulfonic acid 5 2.045
P-dinaphthyl-methane-sulfonic acid 5 3.14
dto. 10 4.41
2) Effect of saponifier: NaOH KOH~ KOH NH 4 OH NH 4OH
concLentration, % 5 5 7 5 10
average particle radius, p 0.24 0.22 0.20 is not dispersed
No phase inversion (dispersion of the organic phase in water) occurred in
NH4OH owing to its volati'lity. The same result was obtained for Na2B 40 71
but this is able to replace.2/3 of the alkali, a particle radius of 0.59 A
being obtained- 3) The concentration of the alkali solution exerted the
Card 216-

S/069/61/02~,/002/001/008
Preparation and B101/B208
following effect on dispersion:
concentration, ~ 2 5 10
time of dispersion. 90 50 35 min
amount (g1100 g rubber)
required for phase inversion 67-83 33 25
particle radius, p 0.249 0.241 0-555-
4) Large particles were formed when the alkali solution was added too
quickly (30 min). Slow addition (90 min) gave a fine emulsion. This is
stable if the pH of dispersion is not.less than 11-5-12-0. 5) The clearance
between the rolls had the following effect:
clearance, mm 0.3 0-*5 0.8 1.2
particle radius, p 0.241 0.539 Moi 0.785
6)The consumption of electric energy during disperdJon is compared in Fig. 6
with the amount required to plasticize the mixture. It decreasesafter
adding the alkali solution, and approaches the no-load consumption during
phase inversion- 7) Fig- 7 shows the effect of a plasticizing activator,
i.e., Renatsite 2, (a preparation containing 42.5~6 trichloro thiophenol).
rl--A A/r,

S/069/61/023/002/001/008
Preparation and ... Biol/B208
8) the behavior of various types of rubber with highly active carbon black
as filler was tested on HK (NK, natural rubber)l CKH (SKI, synthetic cis-
polyisoprene rubber); CKC-30APM (SKS-30ARM P divinyl styrene rubber), and
CK6 (SKB, sodium butadiene rubber). Two groups of samples were used for the
purpose: 1) samples prepared according to industrial formulas for tire
rubber, 2) samples prepared according to a unified formula so that they
differed only in the polymer. Table 3 presents the results. The particle
radius was found to depend less on the type of polymer than on the density
of the vulcanization network. However, the properties of the reclaimed
products obtained by dispersion differ in the individual polymers. The
authors will later report on this subject. It is mentioned that the disper-
sion method described has been used in 1938 at the zavod (plant) "Krasnyy
treugollnik" for the regeneration of used rubber. From 1941 onward, this
method has not been applied any longer. Mention is made of F. F. Koshelev
and I. A. Tartakovskiy. There are 7 figures, 3tables, and 7 Soviet-bloc
references.
ASSOCIATION; Nauchno-iseledovatellskiy institut shinnoy promyshlennQati
(Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry)
Card 4/6

31069 611023100210011008
YB20
Preparation and B1 01
:,SUBMITTED: October 26, 1960
Legend to Pic. 6: 1) plasticizingi 2). dispersioni 3)*idling; a) power
consumption, w; b) min.
.~Legend to Pig- 7: a) content of Renatsite 2, wt~.; b) mean particle diameter,'
2 700
RQ4
Iwo
X
/Soo-
OL it it
is ju
CakAwaNue pesauuma Z, dec X
0 j 10 40
Card 5/6

B 069JO/b23/002/001/008
Preparation.and ... B1 I /R208
KC
Ton nu JZ HK' C KH C ~.30APM e)CKB
rpynow ontme 1 2 1 2 1
J.
(1>411C.'10 Y3AOO a eAmmue oftm 4.63 4,08 3.99 4.86 1.65 Ot 2.39 4,28
k1YJ1X5HH33TR X 10-0, MA-1
0 AmexympHuft mc y4acus imnH MW 0000 6W 6450 U 200 7050 It 5W M
nyAKMIH33TO
(P(:PCAHIIR paAllyC qaCTIOLI Mcnep. 0.4Z 0,388 0,279 0,302 0,241 0,300 0,270 0,328
Clut, Alic
OYACALMR rIODePXIIOCTb MaCT101 O,tG 7,46 8.90 7.45 tO,82 8.7 9.80 8.31
A11CnCPC1111, A1310
04. PacxOA 911epri'll 119 06PAVUlMe 10,9 - (r,5 - 5,44 - 5,90 -
eA11111MA YAeAWOA nOBCPXHO-
CT11 AI[CnCPCIIOR 4~33W X 10-6,
KOM-9
M'J/z
Legend to Table 3: 1) polymer; 2) NK; 3) SKI; 4~ SKS-30ARM; 5) Sn; 6)group
of experiments;_7) number of lattice points x lo per unit volume of the
-vulcanizate, ml 1; 8) molecular weight of the section of the vuleanizate
chain; 9) mean radius of disperse particles, g; 10) specific surface of
disperse particles, M2/9; 11) power consumption per unit of specific surface
.,.Of the disperse phase xio-4, kw.hr/(m2/g).
ard 6/6

s/o6 61/023/002/008/008
BlOIYB208
AUTHORS: Aqgadl~irj., 11, A., Meyerson, S. I.. Rogovin,
j_ __ Kargin, V
Z, A.
TITLE: In Memory of Sergey Mikhaylovich Lipatov (Deceased)
PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, v. 23, no. 2, 1961, 238-239
TEXT: This article is devoted to S. M. Lipatov, an expert in the field of
colloid chemistry and physical chemistry of polymers, who died on January 8,
1961. At various instituteB he organized laboratories for high-molecular
compounds. In particular, he established the laboratoriya iskusstvennogo
volokna im. Nauchno-iSBledovatellskiy institut im. Karpova (Laboratory of
Synthetic Fibers of the Scientific Research Institute imeni Karpov), now
the Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy institut iskusetvennogo volokna
(All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic Fibers). In the
Soviet Union,Lipatov was the first to lecture on high-molecular compounds
and the physical chemistry of dyeing. He was a university teacher for 30
years. Mention is made of his monographs "Fiziko-khimicheakiye osnovy
krasheniya" ("Physico-cheinical basis of dyeind) (1929); "VysokomolekulyanVye
Card 1/2

s/o6g/61/023/002/008/008
In Memory B101/B208
soyedineniya" (High-moleoular compounds) (1934 and 1943), "Problemy
ucheniya o vysokopolimerakh" (Problems of high-polymer research) (194*
Lipatov took part in conferences on colloid chemistry, and was for many
years a member of the editorial board of "Kolloidnyy zhurnal" and of the
nauchno-tekhnicheskiy sovet Ministerstva pishchevoy promyshlennosti
(Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Food Industry).
Considerable organizing work was done by Lipatov at the Akademiya nauk
BSSR (Academy of Sciences BSSR) as Academician and Vice President. There
is 1 figure.
Card 2/2

5.911 D
25887
S/069/61/023/004/002/003
B101/B215
AUTHORS: Pechkovskaya, K. A., Senatorskaya, L. G., Berman, B. Z.V
Dogadkin, B. A.
TITLE: Reinforcement of rubber in latex. 7. Electron microscopic
examination of filled latex mixtures
PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, v. 23, no. 4, 1961s 462-463
TEXT: This report was made at the tretlye Vsesoyuznoye eoveshchaniye
po elektronnoy mikroskopii (Third All-Union Conference on Electron
Microscopy), Leningrad) October 1960. The second communication of this
series was published in Trudy II konferentaii po lateksu, Leningrad 1958.
The authors based their report on a paper by B. A. Dogadkin et al. (Kolloidn.
zh. 18, no. 5, 5261 1956) which shows that a reinforcing action of carbon
blacTin latex can be attained by adding a destabilizing substance (casein)
to latex. Here, this effect was studied under an 3M-100 (EM-100) electron
microscope having a magnifying power of approximately 20,000. Collodion,
quartz, or carbon replicas of the latex film, frozen in liquid nitrogen,
were prepared. It was found that 1) all latex films containing neither
Card 1/2

Reinforcement of...
25887
S/069/61/023/004/002/003
B101/B215
carbon black nor casein had globar structures. 2) Addition of --asein
changed the structure. Part of the globuli disappeared, and a granular
structure formed. Casein removes the protective covering of the globuli,
thus allowing the latter to form a continuous polymer phase and to interact
with carbon black- The contact area between olymer and carbon black is
increased and, thus, causes reinforcement. 3~ If the non-vulcanized, filled
film was rolled, the last globuli disappeared. 4) Carbon black also had a
destabilizing effect upon latex, although to a smaller extent than casein.
Pilms with carbon black without casein contained less but larger globuli.
5) The number of globuli was reduced in the presence of carbon black and
casein. [Abstracter's note: The electron microscopic pictures are
irreproducible,) There are 1 figure and 2 Soviet-bloc references.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut shinnoy promyshlennosti,
Moskva (Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry,
moscov)
SUBMITTEDs November 21, 1960
Card 2/2

B/06 61/023/006/002/005
D 11 9Y331 01
AUTHORSs _Rogadk1n, B- A-9 Felldshteyn, M. S. Skorodumova, Z. V.
TITLEs Effect of carbon black on the vulcanization kinetics and the
character of the sulfur structure of the vulcanizates
PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnalq v. 23, no. 6, 1961, 679 - 683
TEM Standard type vulcanizates from UC-73oh (SKS-30A) butadiene
styrene rubber without filler, and those filled with 50 parts by weight
of channel blackp furna--e black, lamp black, or carbon black of the type
fill-black 11011, were investigated for their content of bound or
replaceable (polysulfide) sulfur. The vulcanizates were also investigated
for their capability of swelling. The content of replaceable sulfur was
determined by means of radioactive sulfur according Zo No Tarasovay
M. Ya. Kaplunov, M. A. Vas1kovskaya, B. A. Dogadkin (Sb "Vulkanizatsiya
rezinovykh izdeliy" (Vulcanization of rubber products), Yaroslavskiy
sovnarkhoz, 1960). The effect of the chemical structure of the carbon-
black surface on the type of sulfur bond was determined by comparing the
effect of untreated channel black (compositiont 93-04% C, 1~251,~ H,
5.71% 09 PH 3.47) with that of thermally treated one (at 5000C and
Card 1/3

S/069/61/023/006/002/005
Effect of carbon black on,_ B119/B101
225 kg/cm 2 in hydrogen medium; composition& 94~65'~"' C, 1,,39% R, 3,96~ 0~
PH 7.2)~ The possible effect of accelerators (N-cyclohexyl-2-benz-o-
thiazole sulfenamidej 2-mercapto benzothiazole, diphenyl gtianidine) on
the sulfur bond in the presence of the carbon-black types mentioned was
investigated with vulcanizates from *M-r-WA (SKS--3AM) butadiene styrene
rubber. Resultst The content of polysulfide bonds decreases in the
orderiunfilled vulcanizate,(.,jo.6~ after 100 min vulcanization), lamp
blacki fill-black 11011, furnace black, channel black (rvO.2c,4 after 100 min
vulcanization). Cross linking isstrongest in vulcanizates containing
fill-black 110", weakest in those without fillers With decreasing content
of oxygen-containing groups on the carbon black surface, the rate of
cross linking and the content of bound sulfur increase, while the
capability of swelling decreases. The rate of vulcanization and the degrea.
of cross linking (capability of swelling after 100 min vulcanizations
without fillers N 40D~ related to the initial volume of rubber, filleds
,J280 - are higher for vulcanizatea with filler than for those
without, The effect of fillers is not affected by the accelerators
Vulcanizates with channel black contain least polysulfide sulfurg but
are cross--linked in a high degree (low capability of srelling). The
Card 2/3

S/069/61/023/006/002/005
Effect of carbon black on... B119/B101
surface activity of alkaline carbon blacko, especially that of channel
black, furthers the formation of free radicals, stronger cross linking
taking place through additional G-C bonds between the molecular chains of
the rubber. There are 6 figures, 1 table, and 6 referencesi 6 Soviet
and 2 non.-Soviet. The two references to English-language publications
read as follows; M. L. Studebaker, L. G. Nabors, Rubber. Chem. Techn.,
32, 4, 941; 1959, M. L. Studebaker, Rubber, Chem. Techn., 30, 5, 1401,
1957.
ASSOCIATIONs Nauchno-isaledovatellskiy institut shinnoy promyshlennosti
Moskva (scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry
Moscow)
SUBMITTEDt July 2, 1961
Card 3/3

26281
S/074/61/030/006/002/002
Bl17/B226
AUTHORS: Dogadkin, B.A., and Shorshnev, V, A.
TITLM Vulcanization of rubbers in the presence of organic accelera-
tors
PERIODICAL: Uspekhi khimii, v. 30, no. 8, 1961, 1013 - 1049
TEXT: The present paper was written to complete the survey by D. Craig
(Ref. 1: Rubb. Chem. Techn., 30, 1291 (1957)) in which the Soviet, German,
and Japanese papers of the last ten years were not considered. When
studying the vulcanization the following problems were dealt with: Elemen-
tary chemical reactions of vulcanization, mode of action of the accelera-
tors, nature of vulcanization structures and their effect upon the physico-
chemical properties of the vulcanization product. For solving these
problems both special chemical-analytical procedures and physical methods
are used, viz., the optical and electron spectroscopy, isotopic exchange
and kinetic studies by radioactive sulfur. Notable results could be ob-
tained in the investigation of the reaction of sulfur with low-molecular
model compounds. Two kinds of studies were made% Some of the authors ex-
Card 1/3

2628~
S/074/61/030/006/002/002
Vulcanization of rubbers in ... B117/B226
plained the structural changes of rubber during vulcanization mainly by the
radical processes. Other scientists consider the elementary reaction6 as
proceeding according to a polar (ionic) mechanism. The different opinions
on the vulcanization mechanism do not permit a uniform conception of this
complex phenomenon. The reaction mechanism depends on various factors:
On the thermodynamic reaction conditions, on the rubber type, and, especial-
ly, on the types of accelerator and activator. At present, several vul-
canization systems are used: (a) Vuleanization,w'ith di- and polysulfides
which comprises the following methodsi Vulcanization with di-2-benzothi-
azyl disulfidel vulcanization with sulfur in-the presence of di-2-benzothi-
azyl disulfide; vulcanization with thiuram dioulfides; vulcanization with
sulfur in the presence of thiuram disulfides and dithio carbamates. (b)
Vulcanization in the presence of mercaptD-benzDthiazD-le. (c) Vulcanization
in the presence of sulfonamides. (d) Vulcani-zat-ion in the presence of or-
ganic bases. Furthermore, papers are discussed which concern the following
problems: Effect o~ binary sytems of vulcanization accelerators; structure
and activity of vulcanization accelerators; effect of the rubber structure
upon its vulcanizab*ility; the part played by vulcanization activators;
crosslinking (vulcanization) of rubber solutions at low temperatures; re-

26281
S/074/61/030/008/002/002
Vulcanization of rubbers in ... B117/B226
versibility and the optimum of vulcanization;-vulcanization structures and
their effect upon the static and dynamic properties and the fatigue of vul-
canization products. The following authors are mentioned: S. Ye. Bresler,
I. A. Tutorskiy, G. A. Blokh, Ye. N. Gurtyanova, 1. Beniska, E. N.
Belyayeva, Z. N. Tarasova, A. S. Kuzlminakiy. There are 22 figures, 2
tables, and 112 references: 57 Soviet and 55 non-Soviet. The three most
important references to English-language publications read as follows:
Ref. 1: D. Craig, Rubb. Chem. Tehn., 30, 1291 (1957); J. R. Shelton, E. T.
McDonel, Lecture at the International Conference on Caoutchouc and Resin~
Washington, November 9 - 14, 1959; L. Bateman, R. W. Glasebrook, C. G.
Moore, M. Porter, G. W. Ross, R. W. Sawille. Rut. Ch6m. Techn., 31, 1055
(1958).
AS30CIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimichaskoy tekhnologii im. M. V.
Lomonosovs, (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology
imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
Card 3/3

GURIYANOVA, Ye.N.; BYT321GON.. I.I.; TELIDSHTEYN, M.S.; CHERNOMORSKAYA, I.G.;
DOGADKIIN, B.A.
Struoture of somo derivutivea of 2-mereaptobenzothiazole studied b7
the dipole moment method. Zhur. ob. khim. 31 no. 11:3709-3712 N 161.
(MIRA 1/,: 12)
1. Nauchno-issledovatellsk;ly institut shinnoy promyshlennosti i
Fizi6-khimicheskiy institut imeni L.Ya. Karpovao
(Banzothi&2ole-Dipole moments)

AUTHORS: Dogadkin, B. A. and Pavlov, N. N.
S/020/61/1.-58/005/016/025
B103/B215
TITLE: Thermal decomposition of diphenyl guanidine and its
interaction with sulfur at vulcanization temperature
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 138, no. 5, 1961, 1111-1114
TEXT: Although diphenyl guanidine (DPG) is one of the most used accelera-
tors of vulcanization guaranteeing high dynamic properties of the
vulcanizates, its meohanism so far has not been explained. The authors
therefore studied its theTmal deoompesitior at Nrulcanization temperatures,
and its reaotion with 3ulfur. (A) Decomposition of DPG in the melt.
Publioations reveal that ammonia is liberated by heating DPG at 1400C in
argon atmosphere, and that aniline, tetraphenyl melamine, and small
amounts of triphenyl di-^arbamide are formei. The sepuration of ammonia
is notioeable (it vulcanization temperature (1360C) and its rate remains
constant up to 1450C~ Within the range of 157-1800C, thiq process is
expressed by a reaction equation of the first crder- The apparent energy
of activation of ammonia formation at these three temperatures is 25.7 kcal-
Card 1/4

S/020/61/138/005/016/025
Thermal decomposition of diphenyl... B103/B215
These data show that within 30 min approximately 50 %J' of the used DPG
decompose at 14000. During the x-ilcanization of natural rubber
(Wistinghausen, Ref. 21. Kautschuk, 5, 57, 75 (1929)), the DPG loss Vas
40 % after 30 min, and approximatelY 50 % after 00 min. The zinc oxide
in the system considerably affected the rate of DPG consumption. (B)
Decomposition of DPG in solution. High-boiling hydrooarbone with different
dipole moments were used as solvents: naphthalene 0. xylene 0.62, iso-
propyl benzene 0.65, glyoerin 2.96. The kinetic curves of ammonia forma-
tion in melt and solutiongat 14000 within 5-6 hr have a similar character.
In the initial. stage, the individual solvents showed hardly any differ-
ences in the rate of ammonia formation. The authors consider this to bean
indirect proof of the possible decomposition of DPG following the
homolytic mechanism. Furthermore, they assume that no interaction takes
place between DPG and the intermediates of its decomposition on the one
hand, and polymer molecules on the other. The amounts of ammonia formed
by the DPG decomposition in rubber-xylene solution and in the solution of
DPG and pure xylene are approximately equal. Measurements of --i9cosity
showed that longer heating of rubber solutions in DPG at 1400C did not
change the structure of the polymer. (C) Interaction of DPG with sulfur.
Card 2/4

B/020/61,1138/005/016/025
Thermal decomposition of diphenyl... B103/B215
The reaction was conducted in o-xylene at a ratio DPO :sulfur =1 :0.25 to
1 :4. Resinous, nonvolatile products were formed, and H 2S was liberated.
The rate of this process is only constant at a molar ratio of DPG :S.
The reduotion of the S ooncentration down to 0.25-0.5 moles initiated an
induction period. An increase in the S concentration of up to 4 moles
causes considerable changes in the kinetic curve of H2 S formation. The
authors assume a relation between the two latter phenomena and the
formation of C13H13N3.H2S salt complexes if the initial stage of the
reaction in the system shows an excess of undecomposed DPG. The equi-
librium of formation and decomposition reactions of the complex is
shifted towards higher yields of liberated H2S with increasing sulfur
concentration. Two moles of DPG are used for the formation of one mole of
H2S. Nonvolatile reaction produns %ere !~hromatographi,~allly separated on
aluminum oxide, and, after purification, indilridual fraotions were
apectrosoopioally examined in the infrared and ultraviolet ranges. The
evaluation of infrared speotra is somewhat diffi-ult. Ultraviolet spet.1tra
indicate the presenae of oul-fur-oontaining groups in the substanoes
Card 3/4

S/020/61/138/005/016/025
Thermal decomposition of dipbenyl... B103/B215
obtained. The curves are 5imilar to those obtained for low-molecular
linear sulfides. Clear absorption maxima in the range of 300-380 mp are
probably characteristic of linear polysulfides with 2-5 sulfur atoms. The
bands at 1480-1490 cm-1 in infrared spectra, and those at 590-620 mg in
ultraviolet spectra, are assumed to belong to the CamS group. Absorption_
at 1335-1355 cm-1 is probably due to C 6H5NH 2* Absorption at 1480-1490 am
and 590-620 mg oorresponds to the thioketo group. The authors therefore
assume that an interaction Of H2S with the DPG molecule causing the forma-
tion of a thiourea derivative takes place besides the decomposition of DPG
and the formation of polysulfides. The formation of the lerivative may be
represented in a similar way as the interaction of guanidine with water.
There are 4 figures and 2 non-Soviet-bloc referenees.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimioheskoy tekhnologii im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
PRESENTED: January 28, 1961, by A. A. Balandin, Academician
SUBMITTED: January 26, 1961
Card 4/4

25338
S/020/61/138/006/014/019
I.r. 2205 B103/B215
AUTHORS: Dogadkin, B. A. and Dontsov, A. A.
TITLE: Interaction cl polyethylene and sulfur
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 138, no. 6, 1961, 1349-1352
TEXT: The authors studied the interaction of sulfur and high-pressure
polyethylene (PE) at 200-2500C. On the basis of their results, this
reaction is represented as a radical process in which the eight-membered
sulfur cycle is dissociated such: +~ (1). The dissociation
of sulfur into radicals is the initial and, simultaneously, the controlling
stage. Sulfur biradicals separate hydrogen atoms from methine ormethylene
groups whereby polymeric and persulfhydryl radicals are formed:
RCH 2 CH2R1 -+ 9 x!. RCH2bHRI + H9x (2). The authors assume a subsequent
sulfuration and dehydrogenation of the polymer molecules as follows:
RCH 2CHRI+Sx R CH2CHR, (3) RCH 2CHR1+RC H2 CH2RI )RCH 2CHR1 +RCH2 CHR 1 (4).
1 1 1
~x Sx ZiXH
Card 116

25338
S/020/61/138/006/014/019
Interaction of polyethylene and sulfur B103/B215
They furthermore assume that polysulfide groups decompose in all stages
of the reaction, and that radicals with a reduced number of sulfur atoms
are liberated: 9 x y +9 z +9 (5), ~x H --I,. tyH + �zH +~H (6). During the
interaction with PE, sulfur is added to PE, I.e., irrespective of the
temperature in amounts of 31-37 % of the initial content. In the straight
part of the kinetic curve, the reaction rate increases linearly with
increasing initial sulfur content. The relative rate shows a reverse
dependence. The process is expressed by the equation:
K - 1.58-1015e--44.4/RT. Hydrogen sulfide (H 5) is liberated in the reaction.
This process is of complicated kinetics. T~e authors assume that H 2S is
formed by primary reactions between sulfur and PE, and also by secondary
reactions in which the added sulfur takes part. The kinetic curves for
the H S formation showed a sharp bend which forms at a given temperature
and an equal amount of added sulfur, irrespective of its content in the
initial mixture. H 2S is probably formed by the interaction of sulfhydryl
radicals: 2� X H--).uy+11 2S M- Its accelerated liberation in the final
Card 2/6

25338
S102 61/138/006/014/019
interaction of polyethylene and sulfur B103~B_215
stage of the process is due to the reaction of sulfbydryl groups in the
PE molecular chains. Besides this intermolecular reaction, intramolecular
reactions without the participation of free sulfur may take place, as
they are characteristic of the final stage of the process. The linear
dependence of the number of cross-links on the sulfur content shows that
the reactions for the formation of the new structures are mainly due to
sulfur- RSH + R 1 SR --o~ RSR 1 ___O H2 3(11), R~. +R18Y-~-RSZR1 (12),
R� x +R1__V-RSxR, (13). The increasing number of cross-links in a certain
stage causes the formation of an insoluble fraction, namely, a gel. Its
largest amount is obtained irrespeotive of the reaction temperature atlow
amounts (0.6-0.7 ~5) of bound sulfur, and remains unchanged during further
sulfuration. However, the increase in the number of nross-linkq in flip
gel proceeds. There Ja n linear daperidence between the swelllng maximum
(in boiling t(Juene) v4d the amotint of bound qulfur. Hen-ce, thbe -ititborn-
conclude that the vross-linking of molecular chains as mnjn1Y due trb
sulfur-c-ontaining tjroups~ After termination of this p-rccess, the
concentration of cross-links is 5.9-9.4-10 18/cm3, which means 50-80 sulfur
Card 3/6

25338
S/020/61/13a/oo6/o14/019
Interaction of polyethylene and sulfur B103N15
atoms per cross-link. The authors explain this by a kind of destruction
and a formation of intramolecular sulfur-containing cycles, and by other
kinds of sulfur addition which do not cause cross-linking. If the
primary polymer radtcal forms at the point of ramification of the PE
molecule, th-2 8,ibsequent altion of SX and HS muy deotr6y the chain;
R R 11
12
R _C_CF"~H R -I S R -0-CH _6HR 0' = S f CH ~ CH - R3 (14).
1 2 3 X 1 2 3 R 2
2
Double bcnds mainly form by deotruction (14), but also by direct dehydro-
genation with sulfur: ~x i R.rH2cH2R1 --*RCHCH2R1 X_1 ( 15),
They form at a oonstant rate. There exists a linear dependence between
the amount of added sulfur and the number of resulting double bonds. At
the end of the process, their number is only 5-7.5 ~v of the equivalent
amount of liberated H 2S. Theoretically, the amount of H2S should be
equivalent to the sum of resulting cross-links, double bonds, and thion
Card 4/6

Interaction of polyel~~y'lene'and sulfur
25338
B103/B215
groups. H2S/S, however, is approximately 2, and the sum is much smaller
that the equivalent of H2S. This leads to the assumption that intra-
molecular ring structures are-formed:
CH,-CHI CHS - CHj
R-CH &tRi+H9-R-CH CH-R,+HS;
S
CH! - CH. CHj-CH2
R-CH
R
Since the polymerization of sulfur sets in above 1590C, the authors assume
that some polymer sulfur is contained in sulfurated PE. There a.Te
4 figures and 4 non-Soviet-bloo references. The three references to-r-
English-language publications read as follows.- W. Friedman (Ref. 2.-T
Refiner and Natural Gasoline Manufacturer, 20, 395 (1941)); 1. Faibrother
et al. (Ref. 3: J. Polym. Sci., 16, 495 (1955)); D. M; Gardner
G. K. Fraenkel (Ref. 4: J. Am'. Chem. Soc.-, 78, 3279 (1956))
Card 5/6

25338
S10201611136100610141019,
action of polyethylene and sulfur B
Inter .103/h215
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheakoy tekhnologii im.*
.M. V..Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
PRESENTED: January 28, 1961, by A,. A. Balandin, Aaademioian
SUBMITTED: January 26, 1961

30027
S/020/61/141/001/009/021
B103/B147
AUTHORS: -__Dp2gadkin, B. A., Tarasova, Z. N., Fogellson, Mo St, and
k a a h-l-i-n -9 My-, - -K,-. I.
TITLE: Interaction of sulfur with rubber under the action of
F- radiation
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 141, no. 1p 1961t 90 - 93
TEXT: The authors studied the interaction of natural-rubber-sulfur
(NR + S) mixtures under the action of r- radiation (dose 6 - 11 Mr) at
+20 and -196 0C by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (epr). They
used a spectrometer with high-frequency modulation at -140 - +20 0C0
H19fily stable radicals were formed by irradiating NR and its mixtules
with 2% 3; their spectra were equal$ their concentration was
(1 - 2-5) - 10 14 mg:-1, and after 30 - 45 days it was still
(0-05 - 0-1) * 10 14 mg-1. Besides free alkyl, radicals formed during
irradiation of NR due to the disruption of an H atom and the rupture of
Card 1/5

30C27
S/020/61/141/001/009/021
Interaction of sulfur with... B103/B147
the -C-C bonds of the NR chains, radicals of the ally! type are also
formed. They are stabilized by the effect of conjugation of the free
valency with the adjacent double bond, and are assumed to be long-lived
polymer radicals. When irradiated at -1960C, the NR spectrum differs
from that of the S + NR mixtures Uince each spectrum constitutes a
superposition of lines, the existence of several radical types is assumed,
The inhibitory effect of sulfur may be aseribedp as in benzene, to the
delocalization of an electron in the eight-membered ring of the sulfur
molecule. When the samples irradiated at -19600 are heated at room tem-
perature for 1 - 1-5 min, their spectrum becomes equal to that of long-
lived radicals formed by irradiation of the same samples at +200C. Thus,
radicals of varying stability are formed by irradiation at -196 OC. The
short-lived among them live for a few seconds at room temperature. The
concentration dropped by gradual heating of the samples (at intervals of
6-7 OC) from -196 to +200C in liquid-nitrogen vapor., and keeping the
sample at given temperature for 5 min. as vell as cooling to -1400c- On
___' :)/r,

30027
S/020/61/141/001/009/021
Interaction of sulfur with... B103/B147'
heating from -196 to -1200C the spectrum was not changed. The range of
intense destruction of radicals corresponds to the vitrification range of
NR (between -80 and -50 OC). The reactivity rapidly increases in the
range of the mobility jump of individual links of the molecular chain.
Here (as on heating of irradiated NR) only the initial short-lived radi-
cals perish whereas in the B + NR mixture now short-lived radicals with
a high g-factor are also formed. This is explained in two wayst (A) At
least two new radicals are formed in the mixture, or (B) only one radical
with an anisotropic g-factor containing an -S-3 group is formed. Since
the concentration of newly formed radicals is a function of heating with
a maximum at -800C, it is concluded that at this temperature the ratio of
the rate of formation to the rate of destruction of the new radicals is
most favorable, effecting a maximum of recordable concentration. For the
most distinct additional line characterizing the newly formed radicalat
the g-factor in 2.027 + 0.003. Its value is,equal to the one exhibited by
sulfur radicals in the melt at 2000C. It is concluded that the new radi-
cals are due to interaction of S8 molecules with polymer radicals R' of
Card 3/5

of
0027
S 020 91/141/001/009/021
Interaction of sulfur with.... B103/B147
NR under the action of ~'-rays. Below vitrification temperature, this
interaotion does not take place. It is based on the rupture of the eight-
membered sulfur ring, and can only take place at temperatures permitting
the required mobility of NR molecular chainst R' + S -"PRS- (1), RS-
a a 8
may further decompose with separation of sulfur radicals;
RS- --?RSj6_7 '0 Thus, 3 radicals are formed due to interaction
8 ) + Sx (2).
of polymer radicals with S molecules at temperatures below 0 C. The
radicals RS live longer than polymeric R' radicals whereas 3"
i;-X) x
radicals are more active. The steric structure of rubber is a consequence
of the interaction of R' with each other and with rubber molecules. The
structure is formed in a temperature range in which, according to the
epr, the radicals disappear most quickly when the irradiated NR thaws.
S inhibits the formation of polymer radicals during irradiation~ The 3-
containing radicals can be stabilized by formation olf cyclic end groups.
Also this process reduces the cross links. An interaction of S" biradi-
x
cals with molecular chains is posBiblej nevertheless, intramolecular
Card 4/5

30027
S/02 61/141/001/009/021
Interaction of sulfur with... B103YB147
cyclic structures may form which do not increase the number of double
bonds. Data of isotopic exchange show that polysulfide linear structures
Sx (x>1) occur in the vulcanizates. These structures increase the static
strength of radiation vulcanizates. There are 4 figures and 3 references:
2 Soviet and 1 non-Soviet. The reference to the English-language pub-
lication reads as followas D. Gardnerp G. Fraenkelq J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
181, 3279 (1956).
ASSOCIATION3 Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnnlogii im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
PRESENTED- June 14,, 19619 by A. A. Balandinz, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 8, 1961 Ix
Card 5/5

WSR B. A. and TARASOVA, Z. U., voscow
inat'. t1ji-c-0-r-Fine-Chemical Technology lmenl
M. V. LaronoGav J961 ponmon7- -inhu~n~,-
of vulcantuation structures on physical and
rechanical properties of vulcanisate9"
(Session IT)
XMIMINSlaY., A. S., LYUBC]MVSKAYA, L. 1.
FELIDGUTIff1l, L. S., Scientific Research Institute
of RubberjIndustry, Moscow C1060 location-PT
"Influence of mechanical strcescs on the seeing
of vulcanised rubbers" (Session VIII)
IIOVIFDV, A. S., GrLIVSKAYA, N. B., DMAYEVA, T. N.,
A. V., MY7.1,114AN, Z. 11., and
CAL31-O'GLY, F. A., 5-,iuntific Rcscarc)f Institute
of Rubber industry, Moscow locationls-
"Investigation of mnine vulcanivation of
SKF-26 fluo~oco-polymcr" (Session 11)
RWIIKUVSKEY, M. M., and 13RODGKIY, 0. 1.,
Scientific Research Institute of Tire Industry,
Moscow - "Special features of the mechanism of
abrasion of high-elastic materials" (Session V)
report to be submitted for the 4th Rubber Technology Conference,
London, England, 22-25 May 1962.

8/844/62/000/000/095/129
D204/D307
AUTBORS: Dogadkin, B. A., Tarasova, Z., N., Kaplunov, M. Ya., Koz-
~enq I. A. and Matveyev, V.
TITLE: The interactions of sulfur with polym&rs under the a .ction
or irradiation
SOURCE: Trudy II Vaesoyuznogo, soveshchaniya po radiatsionnoy khi~-!
mii. Ed. by L. S. Polak. klosdo)~, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 19629
554-562
TEXT: The interactions of S with natural-rubberg 1,4-cis-polybu-
tadiene, butadiene-styrene and butyl rubbVr was studied, under ir-
radiation from a Co60 source..S added bn to natural rubber at.25
1000C and to butadiene-styrene rubber and polyethylene at 2500, un-
der argon, in amounts increasing with the*dose (0 - 120 Dir), the
rate of addition being faster at higher temperatures. At room tem-
perature the amount of 8 added on is independent of the initial S-
content in the starting mixture (1 - 10~ by weight). The addition
Card 1/3

8/844/62/000/000/095/129
The interactions of D204/D307
was promoted by C 2C16. The presence of S hindered the development
X :
of structurization, which-was, however, promoted by raising the
temperature from -80 to 160-OC. Pure natural,ru'bber developed cross-
linking only up to -50oC',,'abuve which temperature the process was
reversed; this reversal was,not observed in,,the presence of 2r,"'. S,
up to 1000C. The preoence ~of I - 45ar S in CI(C- 304 1.1 (SKS-~OAM) bu-
tadiene-styrene rubber led only to a slight reduction in the de-
gree of cross-linking on irradiation. The loss of unsaturation and
_CH2_ groups on irradiAtion was studied (by ir spectroscopy) on
natural rubber both in the presence and absence of S, and was found
to be greater in the latter case. The S adds on in a form capable
of isotopic exchange with.elemental sulfur. Initially 7% of th6
add6d sulfur may be exchanged in natural and butadiene-styrend
rubbers; this value falls 'with irradiation to a constant 40% at
50 - 120 Mr. Radiational vulcanizates of.natural rubber exhibit in-
creased tensile strength when the polymer coptainB 2% 3, particu-
larly at 1000C; in general '~, the strength increases with the dos'e
_9f irradiation. The beat strengths were obtained for a mixture of
Card 2/3

3/844/62/000/000/095/129
The interactions of D204/D307
natural rubber, S, and C 01 The sulfur is believed to interact
with the polymeric radieRls6 ?formed on irradiation by C-C fission)
to forLi polysulfidee which (a) lower the thermomechanical e'tabili--.
ty, and (b) prevent recombination reactions and reactions of radi-
cals formed with C=C, thUs hindering the fivelopment of branched
structures. There are 12 figures.
ASSOCIATION: NII shinnoy promyshlennost*i (N11 of the Tire In-
dustry)
--Card 3/3

DOOM IN, Be A*
8/844/62/000/000/097/129
D234/D307
0
AUtHOM s Tarae va, Zo N., Dsantiyov,.B. G Yegorev, Ye. V., Xap-
lunov, 14. Ya., Petroval a. B.1 S;b'olev, V. S. andyo~d-
kin, B. A.-
TITLBs Investigation of rubber structurization under the action
of accelerated electrons
SOURCE t Trudy II Yaeeoyusnogo soveahohdniya po radiatelonnoy khi,"'
mii. Ed. by L. J. Polak. MoaooW,,Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962,
569-575
TEXTs Natural butadiene-styrone and carbqxylate rubbers viere in-
vestigated. The energy of the electrons was 0.6, 1.6 and 2 Hov. The!
specimens were 0.02 - 0.3 am thick films, 66 x 60 x I am plates ' /
and 10 mm thick washers. Irradiation in free state in air from an
Ocoolerator (0.2 - 0.8 megarad/see) showed lose destruction than
60
that from a Oo source in inert atmosphoisi.In naturai,rubber, den-i_~
truction is much greater in the first oass.-In-filled'natural rub-.
-ber it is-less in the first oao*,:.in pro-vulcanized miztures of
Card 1/2

S/844/62/000/000/097/129
Investigation of rubber ... D234/D307
V I ;~ k,
carboxyldto rubber it is eq~&al in both cases. Thermomechanical eta-
bility of e~ectron-irradiated vulcanized rubbers was about 4 times
as high as that of Co60 irradiated rubbers. Those oi carboxyl con--_;7/_-
tainin5 rubbers shdw high strength and wear'reaistance (abrasion
index - 115 om3/kWh for n�nfilled rubbers irradiated with 24 ke&a~--
rad and 200 cO/Wh for nodfilled sulphur rubbers). Chemical re-
laxation curve of these rubbers shows destruction and re-grouping-
-of ealt bonds in its initial part. There ar6 6 figures and 2 tab-
lee#
ASSOCIATIONs N11 ohinnoy promyshlonnosti (NII of the Tire Indue-
try); Inetitut --imiobookoy f1siki AN.SSSR (Institute
-of Chemical Physical AS USSR) .
lCard 2/2:
k P

8/138/62/000/008/005/007
AO51/A126
AUTHORS: Berlin, R. L., Dogadkin, B.,A., ZachesovA, 0. N., Koratkova, A. A.,
_T7_
Linichenko, A. _MToVMr,-T77X.
TITLE; Production of foam rubber articles from intex using aqueous rubber
dispersions
PERIODICAL: Kauchuk i rezina, no. 8, 1962, 14 16
TEXT: A method has been developed for the production of foam rubber articles
with partial replacement of the latex by aqueous dispersions of old rubber or
waste products from foam rubber production. The technique of old rubber dispersion
was developed at the ' HIMMII(NIMP), whereby the aqueous dispersion of the rub-
ber is a polydispersed colloidal system. Dispersions prepared with colophony as
the disperser and 3% aqueous solution of NaOH, as the soaping agent, were used in
developing the produ6tion method of the latex mix for the foam rubber articles.
The latex mix of the foam rubber, based on "revertex-standard" and CKC -5611r
(SKS-50PO) latex, using various types of aqueous rubber dispersions, contained
potassium paraffinate, vaseline oil or its emulsion, as the foaming agent, or
Card 1/2

Production of foam rubber artioles from..,
S/138/62/00()/008/005/007
A051/A126
dispersion of vulcanized substances (sulfur, diphenylguanidine, oymate, zinc
mercaptobenzothiazol, zinc oxide). The quantity of 4ulcanizing agents In the
mixes was calculated according to the rubber substance of the latex. They also
contained a gelatinizing solution (10 - 20% solution of ammonium chloride, 10%
solution of ammonia and triethanolamine)...,-The obtained articles met the commer-
cial requirements. The cutting-out proc6ss caused no change in the physico-
mechanical. properties of the foam rubber 6rticles. The latter retain their color
when using dispersions produced from foam rubber Waste products. It Is concluded
that by replacing 20 - 30% of the synthetic and natural latex with aqueous disper-
sions of rubber, the quality of the foam rubber produced by the foaming method,
does not drop. According to preliminary calculations, the use of aqueous dis-
persions of rubber in the production of foam rubber articles should offer con-
s1derable technical and economic advantages. There are 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut rezinovVkh I lateksnykii lzde'Liy
Nauchno-issledovatel'ikly Institut shinnoy promyshlennost.1
(3olantifio Research Institute of Rubbev and Latex Articles, and
Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry)
%bard 2/2

S/19-'0"2/004/001/008/020
Bi 01 7B1 10
AUTHORS: Dogadking B. A., Pavlovo N. N.
TITLE: Study of vulcanization in the presenoe of diphenyl guanidine6
II. Thermal decomposition of diphenyl guanidine and its
interaction with sulfur at vulcanization temperature
PERIODICAL: Vyaokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, v- 4, no- 1, 1962, 52-57
TEXT: The authors studied the formation kinetics of NH 3 during thermal
decomposition of the vulcanization acceleratorp diphenyl guanidine (DPG),
the effect of dipole moments of solvents on the kinetics, and the reaction
of DPG with S at 1400C. Tetrapheugl melaminev aniline, triphenyl di-
carbamide, and NH3,starting at 136 C, were obtained after 5-6 hr decomposi-
tion of DPG in the melt in an argon atmosphere. KH3 forms at a constant
rate at 136 and 1450C. Between 157 and 1800C, this process follows a
first-order equation. The activation energy is 25-7 kcal/mole. Pure DPG
loses about 50% of its weight after 300 min heating at 1400C. Decomposi-
tion of DPG dissolved in naphthalene, xylene, isopropyl benzene, or
glycerin at 1400C in an argon stream (5-6 hr) showed that the NH forma-
Card 1 IY-3 3

B/19 62/004/001/008/020
Study of vulcanization in ... B101 YBIIO
tion was not affected by the dipole moment of the solvent, but had the
same course as in the melt. The amount of NH3 formed during decomposition
of DPG in a xylene solution of rubber was the same as without rubber
addition, and the viscosity of the rubber solution remained conetant.
Hence, DPG and its decomposition products do not react vith rubber
molecules. DPG and S reacted in o-xylene at various DPG : 3 ratios and
in the presence of stearic acid (SA) (Fig- 3). The induction period
observed with a low S content is explained by formation of C 13H13N 3*H 2S~
The formation of larger amounts of H2S in the presence of SA is due to
the pH change. 2 moles of DFG are used to obtain I mole H S Nonvolatile
decomposition products were chromatographically separated ZAi 203column),
and their IR and UV spectra were taken and interpreted as follows: The
absorption band 300-380 MIL corresponds to polyoulfides R-SX-R
(x - 2-5); the 1335-1355 cm-1 band is probably due to aniline. The
1480-1490 --m-1 and 590-620 mg bands correspond to the thioketo group.
Hence, DPG is assumed to react with 8 under formation of diphenyl thiourea.
There are 4 figures, 1 table, and 9 references: 3 Soviet and 6 non-Soviet-
The two references to English-language publications read as follows:
W. I. Hickinbottom.~ J~ Chem. Soo., 1932, 2646; 1934, 1981; 1935, 1279; H~
Card 2//-?

8/190J62/004/001/008/020
Study of vulcanization in ... B101/3110
B. Adams, B. L. Johnson, indusir. and Nngng. Chem., A5j 15399 1953-
ASSOCIATION: lookovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii im.
M. V, Losonoi (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technol ogy UO -hi. V, V# L6monosov)
SUBMITTED: januazy~ J.,
Fig. 3. Effect of th~ ito DPO- 8 and the presence of SA on the f ormatibn
S in o
of H -xylene at
2 44; 4.~O) -.11 (2) 2 : 1; (3) 1 : 41 (4) 1 0.25
(5) 1 : I +'I' mole Ot-tAf (6) 1 3 moles of SA.
Legend: Abscissa: tigej hri ordinate: C H 5 .102 g/liter.
2
V

S/138/62/000/005/005/010
A051/A126
AUTHOR; Dnggrikin, B.A.; Drozdovskiyj V.F.; Tarasova, Z.N.; Arkhangel'-
skaya, M.I.
Card 1/3,
TITLE; Mercaptane and disulfide effect on thermal and thermo-oxidizing de-
struction of swollen vulcanizatee
PERIODICAL: Kauchuk i rezina, no. 5, 1962, 15 - 22
A
TEXT: The effects of mercaptanes and disulfides on thermal destruction of
swollen vulcanizates were studied. The properties of the destruction products
were investigated and the substances mainly responsible for the destruction of
sulfur bonds of the vulcanizates were determined. It was established that the
mercaptanes and the disulfides increase the degree of.thermal destruction of the
iwollen sulfurous vulcanizate, but do not affect the thermal destruction of the
sulfurless radiation vulcanizate. Since there is no connection between the de-
struction rates of the vuleanizate and the oxidation of the solvent in the pres-
ence of mereaptanes and disulfides, it is assumed that the rate of the thermo-
oxidizing destruction is determined by the effectiveness of the radicale- formA

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Mereaptane and disulfide effect on thermal and .... A051/AI26-
capable of removing hydrogen atoms from the rubber substance of ibe vulcanizate,
Experimental findings led to the following conclusions: Aromatic and aliphatic
mercaptanes and disulfides increase the degree of thermal destruction of the
vulcanizate based on SKS-30A rubber. The derivatives of the aromatic row (tri-
chlorothiophenol, A-thionaphthal, disulfide ~-thionaphthal and disulfide n-
-tertiary-butylphenol) are more active than the derivatives of the fatty row
(dodecylmereaptane and its sulfide). The mercaptancs are more active than the
corresponding disulfides. The trichloroihiophenol, dodecylmercaptane and the
disulfide n-tertiary-butylphenol do not noticeably affect the thermal dest.ac-
tion at 1800C of the sulfurless radiation vulcanizate, based on SKS-30A rubber.
The rate of the themo-oxidizing destruction of the vulcanizate depends on the
nature of the mercaptanes and the disulfides and that of the solvent. At a
constant concentration of oxygen in the system, with a shift of the temperature
beyond a certain limit, a reversion of the thermo-oxidizing destruction is notxL
The destruction reversion is slowed down in.the presence of merdaptanes and di-
sulfides. By comparing~the data on the rates of oxidation of the mereaptanes
and solvents with that of the themo-oxidizing destruction of the sulfurous vul-
canizate, it is seen that a direct relation between them is not always noted.
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Mercaptane and disulfide effect on thermal and .... A051/A126
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut shinnoy promyshlennosti (Scien-
tific Research Institute of the Tire Industry)
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