SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT FILIPPOV, S.I. - FILIPPOV, S.M.

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SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
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180) AUTHORS: Yakovlev, V.V., V, S.I., SOV/163-58-4-3/47 Arsent 1yev, P.P'. Sur-o-7fs-e-v, G. S. TITLE: Intensification of the Steel Melting Processes Under the Influence of thei Jet of the Oxidizing Agent (Irtensif-4katsiya staleplavill- nykh protsessov pri vozdeystvii strut okis-litelya) PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vyeahey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 42 PP 17 - 22 (USSR) ABSTRACTi The conditions for a rational air-blast supply into the metal furnaoe are experimentally investigated by considering,firstly, utili:?,ation of the possibilities offered by blast oxidation and, secondly, regulation of both sequence and speeds in the oxidation of the admixtures contained in the metal smelt. In the smelting tests the influence of the main factors named in thb follow-.Ing on the o:rder and on -the speed of oxidation of the admix-uures to pig- iron was examined: 1.' Intensity of feeding the bath with oxygen fou;plying speed of the oxidizin6 agent and its composition' % )I 2.) method of feeding the oxidizing agent into the bath (refining of molten metal or blasting of the oxidizing agent at the surface). Card 113 In the course of analyzing primary data a series of relations was Intensification of the Steel Melting Processes SOV/ 163-58-4-3/47 Under the Influence of the Jet of the Oxidizing Agent obtained, a part of which will be studied here. The data obtained' clearly show the effect of temperature on the speed of carbon oxidation in the melt and confirm the supposition, expressed at an earlier date (Ref 2), of the existence of a temperature thre- shold at decarburization. - At the same time, it is stated that the conditions of feeding the bath with oxygen may somewhat changre the influence of the temperature. In the case of weakly oxidizing puddlJ-ngv tile influence exercised by the critical temperatuire is less marked and increases noticeably with an in- crease of the oxygen -concentration in the fan blast. By inteasif)~- ing the air blast supply a noticeable increase of the decarburi- zaUon speed at a mean temperature of the bath of somewhat bedow 15000 is observed. The testing of a combined supply of the_ oxiE 'zing agent to the bath while simultaneously blasting and injeoting the oxidizing agent into the metal proved to be very interesting. By one Jet a 100 % oxygen and by another jet a mix- ture of 50 %.oxygen and 50 % carbon dioxide was injected. The jets lead into the interior and onto the surface of the metal nhanged place in the 'Ist and the 3rd melt section. Of the two Card 2/3 variants: 1) refining with 100 % oxygen and blasting with a Intensification of the Steel Melting Processes SON[/16-0-58-4-3/47 Under the Influence of the Jet of the Oxidizing Agent mixture of 50 % 02 + 50 % COV and 2) refining with 50 % 02 + 50 % Co 29 blasting with 100 % oxygen, the latter proved to be more ef- fective. This means that the use of a more intense oxidizing agent for blasting the bat-*, ensuring higher absolute speeds for the oxidation of the elements, was more effectful. The employment of combined blasting, at both variants, lead to an intensification of the processes of oxidizing the admixtures of molten metal. There are 6 figures and 2 references, 1 of which is Soviet. ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute) SUBMITTED: Juno 14, 1958 Card 3/3 n'4' Bagg M"R t a SOV/137-58-12-24045 Translation.from: Referativnyy zhunial. Metalturgiya, 1958, Nr 12, p 18 (USSR) AUTHORS: Filippov, S. I., Klyuyev, M. M., Simonov, V. I. TITLE. Regularities of Steel-refining Processes in it Current of Gaseous Oxidizer. 1. The Kinetics of the Oxidation of Carbon (Zakonomerno- sti protsessov rafinirovaniya stali v potoke gazoobraznogo okislitelya. I. Kinetika okisleniya ugleroda) PERIODICAL: Sb - Mosk. in - t stali, 1958, Vol 38 j pp 64- 78 ABSTRACT: The regularities governing oxidation of C in Fe-C melts under the in - fluence of a gaseous oxidizer are studied by a dynamic method which eliminates the development of secondary reactions in the gas phase. The essence of the method lies in the forced delivery of CO? to the surface of the metal(M~, which is melted by induction heating in an alundum crucible mounted on a fixture in a quartz tube, and in meas- uring the gas flow rates at the system inlet and outlet by capillary rheometers. The actual amount of gas emitted (vf) is calculated, with consideration of the viscosity of the gas-phase components, in Card 1/2 accordance with the equation vf= 100 Vr / (x+ yKCO+ zKAr), where vr '14045 SOV/137-58- U-4 Rogtilaritica of Steel-refining Procesoes In a Current of Gatwous Oxidizor~ is the quantity of gas measured by the rheometer; x, y, and z are the contents of GO2, GO and Ar., respectively, in %; and KGO and KA, a"C coefficients which account for the viscosities of GO and Ar. The rate of carbon removal from the Me, vs.during various stages of the process is calculated from the equation vs=O. 000523 vf J/m, where m is the Me weight. As the result of the experiment it is established that v. in the heat is determined by the oxidi.zing properties of the furnace atmos. phere and is a constant at a given temperature and constant rate of delivery of oxi- dizer to the metal bath. When the bath is constantly supplied with mcidizer, VS I*S not dependent upon [C] and increases with an increase in rate of oxidizer supply to the bath. However, as the intensity of delivery of oxdizer increases, the coeffi- cient of utilization thereof diminishes. It is shown that the results obtained are ex- plained by the previously suggested theory of the inhibiting, oxygen link- Accor *ding to that theory the case of development of the process in Ihe region of diffusion reac- tion, which Iof practical importance, is inhibited by the stage of delivery of the oxy- gen to the reaction zone. The existence of a critical point ( -15000C) in Fe-C melts, which corresponds to the temperature threshold of a sharp change in vs due to a change in the chemical activity of the reactJng C, is confirmed. V. M. Card 2/2 3 guilt 4 t sit 13 .1 � w a ~ 9443 1 kp .41 If Wo 9- -34 10 WO 0 log ;r 0 al 0 4 OC 40 0 0 9' ZOO mil HIM V. -.4 ru i~ 0u .04 0.0., v 00 IH 0 ml 141 4-1 Ph4 v h vi%. 9 25(l) PHASE I BOOK EXPWITATION sov/28o4 Filippov, sergey ivanovich) Petr Pavlovich Arsentlyevp and Valentin VIkEr-ovich 'Ya -vTf-,-V Kcnverternaya plavka stall. (Converter Steelmaking) Moscowp Metallurg- izdat, 1959. 432 P. 3)000 copies printed. EI.: Ye. A, Kazachkov; Ed. of Publishing House: L. V. Yablonakaya; Tpch, Ed.: P.G. 1,slentlyeva. FURPOSE: ThIB book in intended for metallurgical engineers,, workers" in sciontific ravearch 1nWti0--ouj nrid ntudentn spnolnlls;ing in steelmaking and the technology of metaln. COVERAGE: The book conWnBa ravlew of the theoretical principles and practical methods of contemporary steelmaking In Bessemer conver- ters* The thermodynamic and kinetic laws controlling the content of Impurities duridg the meltinE proQess are outlined, and contempo- rary views on the cause.,~ of properties of converter steel are~discussed. The relation of such properties as impact strength, aging, and ~ieldablllty to impurities 16 examined. Methods of Im- Card l/ 4 Converter Steelmaking sov/28o4 proving converter steelp Including the use of oxygen blowo vacuum treatment,, and certain additives are listed. The authors thank I.F. Filichkinp S.G. Afanaslyev, A.Yu. Pollyakov, and Ye.A. Kazkchkov for their assistance. Tllsie 16-Iref-rences: 70 Soviet, 45 English, 37 Germanp 6 French, 2 Swedish, ,nid L Polish. TABLE OF COMMENTS: Preface 4 Ch. I. Causes of Lowered Pj~operties of Converter Steel 5 1. Solubility of carbon In iron 10 2. Solubility of nitrogen in Iron 11 3. Solubility of' oxygen in Iron 17 4. Solubility of sulfur in iron 21 - 5. Solubility of phosphorus In iron 23 6. Effect of admixtures on proper-ties and aging of Iron and steel 2 7. Combined effect of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon on the properties and aging of Iron and steel 77 8. Electron microscope studles of strLze.tural changes during deformational aging of low-carbon steel go Card 2, 1 Converter Steelmaking SOV/2804 Ch. II. Theoretical Princlplf~s of Converter Ope-,::-:tIons 98 1, Theimodynamic lapis contrcUing carbon oxidation 98 2. Kinetic laws of oxidation ot molten iron adunixtures 102 3. Laws controlling the absorption and emission of nitrogen by metal 121 4. Oxygen content in steel during melting 161 5. Oxidation of metal and content of nonmetallic inclusions during the blow 16 5 6, The regularity of phosphorus content in taetal 180 Ch. IlIe 17,ffect of Admixtureo on the Change of Converter Steel :Properties 184 1. Rimmed steel 1.84 2. Seml-killed steel 222 3. Killed steel 227 4. Wel-dability of converter Btoel 242 5- Effect of admixtureB on the change o"'L' properties of converter steel 247 Card 3/4 Converter Steelmaking SOV/2804 Ch. IV. Means of Improving the Technology of Converter Pro-- cesses 255 1. Control of bath temperatur-A by means of additiveB 255 2. The use of oxygen-enriched blow 267 3. The, use of oxygen-carban dioxide-water vapor mixture 292 4. Treatment of"molten eteel with mrnthetic -1a&s 317 -~ -f'o Lourering the level of me~-;l to be blown , t t h ugh . g 32 o Use'of vertical top blowing of oxygan 369 7. Improving the properties of converter stf~--l by heat treitment 414 Bibliography 428 AVAILABIE: Library of Congress (TH736.F512") GO/bg Card 4/4 .1-15-6o Rj*-l 180) AUTHORS i Filippov. S. 1.P Yakovlev.-, V. V., SOV/1 6 3- 59-2-3/48 Chelyadinov, L.K. TITLEs The Kinetic Factors of Interaction Between Metal Melt and Oxidizing Atmosphere in the Rotary Induction Furnace (0 kin*ticheekikh felctorakh vzaimodeystviya metallicheakogo rasplava s o)cislitellnoy atmosferoy vo vrashchayushcheysya induktsionno.y pechi) f, TERIODICALs Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 2, PP 15 - 19 (USSR.) ABSTRACT; This report deals with experiments in which a magnesite crucible with liquid Iron was tilted and slowly rotated (a - 10 rpm); the oxidizing atmosphere (.1-,0% CO 2 + 50% 02) was supplied to the metal either on the siirface or by an immersed quartz tibs into the int*vior. The emperimental plant is illustrated -In figure 1. Figures 2 and ) show the course, with respect to time, of the oxidation of carbon, manganese and silicon in dapendence on the inten-sit,.r of the gas supply. The results are as follows: With a rise in the supply of the Card 1/2 oxidizIng gas phase, the oxidation of the impurities The Kinetic Factors of Interaction Between Metal SOV/,63-53-.2-3/48 Melt and Oxidizing Atmosphere in the Rotary Induction Furnace increases. The other variations of the experiment, rotation, supply of gas on the surface or into the interior) proved to be ineffective. The authors explain this cirnumstance by the faat that the electromagnetic intermixture in the induction furnace was much mcre intensive, and therefore concealed the other effects including that of slow rotation. There are 3 figures and 2 Soviet references. ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali kMoscow Steel Institute) SUBMITTED: November 10, 1958 Card 2/2 18-3000 7,768o so-v/148-6o-1-3/34 AUTHORS., Dun, E., Filippov, S. I, TITLE: Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon in Molten Iron PERIODICAL., Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya, 1960, Nr 1, pp 16-23 (USSR) ABSTRACT: This is a study of kinetic fal,tors and a determination of limiting conditions during the interaction betweert the stream of oxidizer and the surface of molten metal, The experiments were conducted on an in- stallation shown in Fig. 1. Card.1/13 Study of b~ic tors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon in Molten Iron Fig. I. Schematic diagram of the installation: monostat; (2 rheometers; (3)(Mixer; (4) driers 5 Card 2/13 lass hood; W furnace caP; 7) quartz tube; screen; T9) crucible with metal. 7768o SGv/148-6o-.1-3/34 Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation "of Carbon 7768o in Molten Iron sov/148-60-1-3/34 The rate of feeding the cbmponents-(forming the oxidizing mi:rture) was kept constant by the rheometer5. A special arrangement of monostats provided a constant differential of pressures and a steady flow of blast to- metal (notwithstanding the fluctuations(of pressure during the test melt). The initial metal soft iron) had the following chemical composition M.. ao14 c; o.14 mn; 0.02 SI; 0.029 S; and 0.014 P. it was melted by the high-frequency heating in porous mag- ne;Bite,crucible (45 x 90 mm). The Preight of metal was 400-600.g. The experimental rez,altB and some characteristic relationships are given in Figs.2-6. Tfte main kinetic factors of the invpstigated process are shown in Fig. 2. Card 3/13 DISIMAW. J;t_ 7,tIV~ Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon 7768o in Molten T-ron sov/148-60-1-3/~Lt 7 zjj I q 1 0 0 r 1 '10 F-0, 47 48 4$ 4# 4/ 1,2 113 1A 15 CAROON coptreN~r (916Y Fig. 2. The effect of blast composition on the s eed of,decarbonization of metal (at 1,000 i-.11/min): (1) F,% 02 in blast; (2) 10% 02 In blast; (3) 20% 02 in-blast; (4) 4o% 02 in blast. (' .!ard 4/13 Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon T168o in Molten Iron sov/148-6o-i-3/34 z 0 CD (X IL 0 Ck IL 41Z Gard 5/13 -~-- �r I I I j"If IOU zUV I.;u XV W&V CONSUMpriow or 0)"DW ER (HLIMIN) See card 6/13 for C,aPtlorl to Fig. 3. Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of' Carbon In Molten. Iron C, 7-768o 6 -6o-1 -o/,;,4 See.Card 5/13for Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Relationship b,;.,tween the speed of carbon. oxidation and the intensity of feedinS the oxidJLzer to metal:* (0) oxidizer 02-, Co,1sLLr-,)t-1On 3M ".11/min; (0) 500 ml/min; (0) 1, 000 ml/min; oxidlzer Cog.$ consumption 300 jnl/min; 1, 000 ml/min. Card 6/ 13 Study of Factors Limitin.3, Oxidation of Cat-bon In Molten Iron 7 '80 SOV/148-60-1-3/34 7 z 01 z- 0 LU 2 'E~3 0 2 lip 745 m# jiv, 3#9 A 310 #05 020 VV0 m W sx S20 JUN UP R1 60 wEirirr or 9A-rii (a) Fig. 4. Relationship between the speed of decarburiza- tion of metal and the weight of metal bath (1) 5% C020 1,000 ml/min; (2) 10% 02-1 1,000 ml/min; (3) 20% 02.0 Card 7/ 13 i.000 ml/ml.n.; (4T 40% 02" ;000 ml/inin. Study of Factors Limiting 0xida'.1on of Carbon in Molten Iron Card 8/13 7,T68o sokr/V;8-6o-i-3/34 41 4Z 43 4U. 17,5 45 R7 q$ 95 (Z f.? 15 f.6 (7 CAR80N CONTENT 01.) See Card 9/113for daption Btudy of Factors Limiting Oxidation of' Carbon 7768o In Molten Iron sovI1418 -60 -2 _-z/34 See Card 8/13 for Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Oxygen content In metal of various compositiona of bath and speeds of decarburization: (P) eqUIlIbrii-tm data according to Ref 3 (S. 1. Pilippov, Tileory of the Process of Steel Decarburization, Metallurgizdat., 1956); (A,B) boundaries of test values; (0) vc < 0,0114?,/min; VC 0.01-0.02,,-ey~ W-11;aV, 0,02- t, -0. 03%/min; ( 0 ) v. 03 -0. o4~/mln;A v. 0-05-0.06cj'~'/min. Where v = actual consLL-qDtion based on oxidation speed of la~bon. Points at he'curve indicated by the.letter. K fix the composition of easily rimming metal. Card 9/ 13 IMF_ "I -NIN Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of' Carbon 7768c) in Molten Iron sov/148-6o-i-3/34 Ui 00 cc Card 10/ 13 CA9190H CONTEN76Y.) Fig. 6. The value of the product of carbon and cxygen concentrations using various compositions of bath and oxidizers: (P) equilibriLL-i data according to Ref 3; (A,B) boundaries of test values; (0) ox4ldizer C02; 0 ) oxidizer 02, Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon 7,768o in Molten Iron . sov/148-6o-l-3/34 Card 11/13 All of the above studies brought the authors to the conclusion that the process of oxidation of carbon, which is dissolved in liquid iron, develops in the diffusion region cf. reaction. Until approximately 0.1% C (carbon content in metal) the limiting con- dition is the introduction of oxidizer from the gas phase to the reaction surface. The tests were con- ducted uhder the conditions eliminating any bubble formation or'rimming'oT metal bath. The surface of reaction practically.coin--ided with the surface of the bath. Tne *speed of the cheMical reaction proper (including the adsorption of' reagents in the react-Lon layer and the desorption of the product of reactlon, carbon monoxide) should be sufficiently high. The gaseous particles of oxidizer arrtve at the metallic surface, they are adsorbed on it, and they instantly enter into a chemical reaction with the sufficiently abundant carbon. The carbon monoxide, wnich is formed in this process, Is desorbed in the gas phase.. When carbon content in the bath Is below the critical value (about 0.1% C), the delivery of carbon from the Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon 7,768o in Molten Iron sav/148-6o-i-3/311 ,Card 12/13 metal to the reaction surface becomes a limiting con- dition. The einount of carbon inflow becomes insufficient for a given flow of' oxidizer. Such a change of one limiting condition to another (with sufficient amount of oxidizer)'is closely related to the ch-ange of structure of the surface reaction layer. The establIshed individual mechanisms of speed can be generally wrJtten into a kinetic equation:. de I (10) 3 where dc speed of decarbonization of metal mole/cm- a-T 3 see; V 1 bath cm ; w = blast constLnpt M= volume of meta Aon 3/sea; 72 = coefficient of utIll-ation of oxidizer; cm Po = a content of active particles of ox1dizer In W 3 blast, mole/cm There are 6 figures; and 3 references, Study of Factors Limiting Oxidation of Carbon in Molten Iron T768o -L 2 Soviet, and 1 U.S. The U.S. reference Is. R. Taylor, Journal of the American Chemical Socleby, Vol 59, Nr.9, 1937, 1605- ASSOCIATION: Moscow Steel In3t1tute (Moskovskiy institut stalt) SUBMITTED: FebruarY 5, 1959 Card 13/1-3 3.8-3200 77682 sov/148-6o-l-5/34 AUTHORSt Dun, E., and Filippov, S. 1. TITLE: The Laws Governing the Absorption of Nitrogen by Metal During Oxidation 3meltinZ PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy Chernaya metallurgiya, 1960, Nr 1, pp 28-32 (USER) ABSTRACTt This is a study of nitrogen absorption by the steel under the conditions of oxidizing smelting with direct interaction of blast with the surface of the metal bath. The initial material was commercial iron with addition of graphite. The reaction gaseous phase consisted of nitrogen and oxygen or carbon dioxide in a given proportion. In most of the cases the interaction was taking place on a killed metal surrace without rimming. Tti-method of investiga- 01 tion and the installation was previou2ly described (Dun, E. and S. 1. Filippov. Study of the factors Card 1/9 limitin.- the oxidation of carbon In molten iron. The laws Governing the Absorption of '77 682 Nitrogen by Metal During Oxidation sov/148-6o-i-5/34 Smelting Fs 1. Card 2/9 scle 'I t1i'le papers or Lie hi--her 2chool, Metallurgy, -ig6o, Nv 1, p 16). The resuolts of investigation show a pretty clear pictiLwe of absorption of nitro-en by the. metal simultaneously witl-i decarburIzation. Figure 1 shows that nitrogen content In the bzath (under the action of a blast) is continuously increasinS. and it takes a sharp dip only all.- the rLimming of the bath. of tfl za 19 UG M SLI 73 AYR 93 WS N )'..1 -~e Card 3,/9 for capLJon. The Laws Governing the Absorption of Ilitrogen by Metal During Oxidation Shelting 77682 sov/148-6o-1-5/34 Caption to Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Thechange in nitrogen content in metal during oxidizing melting with various nitrogen content in the blast and at various temperatures (blast consumption 1000 myimin) )C96% N 16oo ~2)C96% N 1 0 _ 21 1465 C; (3) 90 N21 lJ01 ; (4)260% N2,C;4 ; (5) 60% N2, 1490 C; (6) 60% N21 1.595 C. (The crossed points indicate rimmiqg of bath.) The direct relation between the completeness of nitrogen absorption by me,;al, decarburization, and composition of the bath 113 shown in Fig. 2. Card 3/9 T The laws Governing the Msorptlon of Nitrogen by Metal DurInZ Oxidation Smelting r40 77682 SOV/148-60-1-5/34 C 0 A"t [Cil % Fig. 2. Saturation of metal by nitrogen depending on carbon content in metal at various nitrogen contents in the blast and at various temperatures (same designations as in Fig. 1). Card 4/9 The Laws Governing the Absorption of Nitrogen by Metal During Oxidation Smelting ?'[682 sov/148-60_1_5/~4 The experimental data, obtained at the maximum partial pressure of nitrogen in the blast, were developed by the method of least squares. Hence, an equation of the upper limit of nitrogen solu- bility for investigated range of temperature3 was written asi IgtjN)--1,3679-0,1275jCJ- Card 5/9 The laws Governing the Absorption of Nitro-ren by Metal Durinu- Oxidation C) C. Smelting Vt u 4#2,711 Card 6/9 77682 sov/148-6o-1-5/34 48 1,6F f2 c F-~, 3 Caption to Fig. 3 on Card 7/9 Tne Iaws Governing the Absorption of 77682 Nitrogen by Metal During Oxidation sov/148-6o-i-5/34 Smelting Caption to Fig. 3. Fig. 3. The curves of maximum absorption of nitrogen by metal, depending on carbon content P N I atmt 2 (1) oxidizer CO 2; (2) oxidizer 02; (3) data by T. Kootz. Tne results were favorably compared with data of Kootz T. Kootz, Archiv. f. d. Elsenhuettenwes.j 151 2, 77-82, 1941/42 and '.K'. Dardel. Metal Progress, 1947, 52, 2, 252-256). The authors derived an equation of solubility of nitrogen in Fe-C melts for 1.,46o-lj600o C range of temperatures. IgINIz (4) 2 Card 7/9 W I The Laws Governing the Absorption of 77682 Nitrogen by Metal During Oxidation SOV/jLj8-6o-i-5/34 Smelting where (N) nitrogen content in metal, %; (PNJ part ial 2 pressure of nitrogen in the atmosphere, atm.; (C) carbon concentration in-,metal. V-' 784 0, aj Fil, Card 8/9 Caption on Card 9/9 The Laws Governin~-3 the Absorption of 77682 Nitrogen by Metal During Oxidation sov/l48-6o-1-5/34.~ Smelting Caption to Fig. 4. Fig. 4. Solubility of nitrogen In iron depending on the nitrogen pressure in the blast: (4D) deoxidizer 02; (X) deoxidizer CO 2; (P) calculated equilibrium curve. It follows that experimental points of oxygen blast are located between st.raight lines I and 2 on parallel lines P calculated by equation (4 for an average carbon content of 95%. There are ~ figures; and 5 references, 3 Soviet, 1 Germa The U.S. reference is: 1. Dardel, A, 1 U.S. etal Progress, 1947, 52, 2, 252-256, ASSOCIATION., Moscow Steel Institute (Moskovskiy institut stali) SUBMITTED: February 11, 1959 Card 9/9 ~i '.. I ---DUN, Z.: FILIPPOT, S.I. Investigating kinetics and the mechanism of oxidation of additives to the molten iron on the basis of critical cbn-- contratlon concepts* Uvevysouabobesav.; chern.met. no.5: 28-38 160. (MIM 13:6) 1. Moskovskly institut stalio (Ste*el-alectrouetallurar) ,S/137/61/000/011/006/123 AO6O/AlO1 AUTHOR- Filippov, S. I. *j TITLE: Laws of carbon-oxidation kinetics at low C content in metal PERIODICAL: ReJ''erativnyy zhurnal, Metallurglya, no. 11, 1961, 11, abstract 11A73 (V sb. "Novoye v teorii I prakt:Lke proiz-va martenovsk. stali", Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1961, 115-21. Discussion 79-88) t TEXT: The method and the results are described of a laboratory investiga- tion of the kinematic laws of the decarbonizing of steel under interaction of the melt with a stream of C02 oxidizer. Experimental heats (70 - 100 grams by weigho were carried out in a high-frequency furnace with a quartz reaction crucible. The metal was melted in an argon atmosphere. When the'experimental temperature was attained, a continuous stream Of C02 was fed to the metal surface from a tube. The rate of C02 progress and the output rate of the reaction products were measured by capillary rheometers. Periodically, the gas composition was deter- mined by the usual volumetric method, on the basis of which corrections were introduced into the rheometer readings. The metal temperature was measured by an optical pyrometer; in the,course of the smelting metal samples were taken Card 1/3 8/137/61/000/011/006/123 Laws of carbon-oxidation kinetics A060/A101 by sucking it up into quartz pipettes. The results of the experimental heats are represented in a table and graphically. They testify that in a definite time interval, even at a continuous lowering of the C-content in the metal, the decarbonizing rate remains constant. Starting at a definite instant, closely connected with the attainment of a definite oritical C concentration, one observes a slow-down in the process. Experiments have shown that to every given feed- intensity of 02 to the vat there corresponds a process rate which does not depend upon the C, content. The slow-down In the process rate should occur at a definite critical C concentration in the metal, when a shift In the surface reaction zone takes place. Then, less C comes into the reaction zone than can V/ be oxidized. The value of the critical concentration should increase as the oxidizer input rate into the vat increases and should decrease as the C feed-in to the reaction zone is intensified with an Increase in the mixing intensity of the metal. At C concentrations in the metal below the critical concentration, the laws of diffiision kinetics are operative with the limiting factor being trie feed rate of oxidized C to the reaction zone. The decarbonization process shvald depend upon the C content in the metal and obeys the kinematic equation -dC/dT = SIV - UCY(O + l1Kx) 31 where S/V is the ratio of the reaction surface to the volume of the vat; Kx are the rate constants of the oxidizer Card 2/3 -9/137/61/000/011/006/123 Laws of carbon-oxidation kinetics ... A060/A101 input and the chemical reaction, respectively. At a very intense oxidation of the melt the process may develop in two stages, to each of which corresponds a definite value of ~he processrate constants. In the second stage either a retardation or an acceleration of the process is possible. A retardation of the decarbonizing process in the second stage is connected with the appearance of a slag phase upon the metal surface. An acceloration of the process in the second stage is connected with the intensillication of gas formation and stirring of the vat, I. Polyak [Abstracter's note: Complete translation] Card 3/3 J~ -71,k~'-~?~ iAT -A --11i hLIPPOV, S.I.; '11=1MOV, S.Z. Kinetic regularities of direct o.-ddation of additions in molten iron. Izv. vys.-uchebo' zav.; r.'A,-ern. mat. no. 10-11 161. ONUPUI 1-4:2) 1. Moskovskiy institut stali. (Ste al-rletallurgg7) s/148/61/ooo/oll/ool/oA E071/El8o AUTHORS: Kazakov, N.I., and Filippov, Soil- TITLEs Kinetics of oxidation of' carbon in liquid steel under conditions of electromagnetic stirring PERIODICALt Izvestiya vysshikh ucheb,nykh zavedeniy, Chernaya metallurgiya, no.11, 1961, 15-21 TEXT: The influence of magnetic stirring on the kinetics of oxidation of carbon was investigated on a laboratory apparatus. In preliminary experiments, using mercury as a liquid metal, the most suitable position of a stator (from a two-pole motor) and the necessary voltage to 'obtain an energetic rotation of the metal in a small crucible were established.. Carbon dioxide was chosen as an oxidising gas. Heats were treated at C02 flow rates of 75, 125, 200 and 325 me/min. As a starting material soft iron and pig iron smelted from electrolytic iron were used. CAbstractor's note:I Electrolytic iron contains no carbani how can it give pig iron.li The weight of a charge was 300-350 9 (the diameter of the L::agnesite crucible - 31 mm). A nozzle of 3 mm diameter was 30 mm above the surface of the metal in all heats; the position Card 1/5 ~FT Kinetics of oxidation of carbon s/i48/6i/ooo/oll/ool/al8 E071/El8o of the metal in respect to the stator and heater was also constant. Altogether 28 experiments were carried out with and without stirring the metal, at temperatures of 1540-1570 OC. In some heats the metal was stirred in both directions. Kinetic curves of decarburisation were obtdined for each series of heats with a given rate of supply of the oxidising gas. In the range of higher carbon concentrations (up to about 0.2%) the experimental points obtained with and without stirring fell on the same straight line. The experimental results agreed well with the kinetic equation for the decarburisation of metal at carbon contents above the critical concentration: d[C] I a I . W - P 0 d VM 2 [C The rate of oxidation of carbon d T mole/cm min ) is determined by the rate of blowing the oxidising atmosphere (W cm3/min), the content of oxidant (PO 2, mole/cm3) and the volume of the metallic bath (V, cm3). The coefficient expressing the Card 2/5 Kinetics of oxidation of carbon s/148/61/ooo/oll/ool/018 E071/El8o utilisation of the oxidant n reflects the flow characteristics of the oxidant stream and the surj-.ace conditions of the metal. In the range of carbon concentratlons above the critical, the rate of decarburisation is independent of stirring, and the limiting factor is the transfer of oxidant from the stream to the reaction zone. At carbon concentrations below the critical, the limiting fact-or is the transfer of carbon to the reacting surface and the experimental results conform to an equation; d(C] = YC . S/VM [c] (2) d T Yc = -2-303VM/S Alog IC3 (3) The rate of decarburisation depends on the reacting surface of the metal (S, cm2), its volume (VM, cm3) and is directly related to the concentration of carbon CC], mole/cm3. The effect of stirring can be evaluated from the ratio K of the diffusion coefficients of carbon in liquid metal, with (y.) and without (y.) Card 3/5 Kinetics of oxidation of carbon ... S/148/61/ooo/on/ool/o18 E07l/El8O stirring, corrected for the change in the surface area of the bath S/S". Yc c The influence of electromagnetic stirring can be presented by a general equation expressing the dependence of K on the voltage applied to the stator (U): K = A . Un + B (5) where A and B are coefficients, n is the power index. Under experimental conditions n < 0.5. According to experimental data (Fig.6) the influence of stirring depends on the applied voltage and the rate of supplying oxidant to the metal. Electromagnetic stirring can also speed up other refining processes providing the concentration of an admixture is below the critical one. I.M. Kirko is mentioned in the paper in connection with his contributions in this field. There are 6 figures and 5 references& 3 Soviet-bloc and 2 non- Soviet-bloc. The English language reference reads as follows: Ref.l.- S. Fornander, F. Nilsson. J. of Metals, v.188, no..1-211950. Card .Kinetics of oxidation of carbon s/148/6i/ooo/oll/001/018 E071/El8o .ASSOCIATION: M,:)skovskiy- institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute). SUBMITTED: June 15, 1961. Fig.6 The influence of stirring on the decarburisation of metal at carbon concentrations below critical. Rate of supply' of C02: I - 75 mt/min; 2 125; 3 200; 4 32.5 MI/Mill. U- KWIENIMBOV,, M.G.; 'E~I-~Ppovl S -:L-- surface reaction and boiling of the metal bath dm-Jmg decarburization, Izv,vya*ucheb*z&v.; chernaiet. 4 no,5:17-27 161. (MIM 14:6) 1* Moekovskiy institut stalis (Steel-Heta.1lurgy) (Surface chemistry) KMHMMIKOV o M. G.; FILIPPOV , S. 1. .Mephardsm of the m6leation. of the gas phue during the mcidation of carbon in molten metala. Izv. vys. uchob. zav.; chern. -met- 4*no,7:18-25 161, (MM 3.4: 8) 1. Moskovokiy inEtitut stali, I Liquid metals) tses in metale) KWHENIMMOVp M.G.j FILIFFOVI S..I. Properties of iron-carbon melts on viocosimetry and electric conductivity basis. Izv.vya.ucheb.zav.; chern-met. 4 no.9; 21-31 t6l. (KIRA 14:10) 11 okovakiy iwtitut Otalio tiquid metals--Elootrie properties) (Vioconimetry) KAUKOV, N.I.; FILIPPOVO S.I. Kiwtico of carbon oxidation in liquid oteel during electromagnetia A~~Ivyo. udhabl, zav,;.C, met. 4 no.U:15-21 'ILI 40T rrn (MIRA 14-.12) Aosi~~ kiy imtitut. st4tli. tallur (Steel-Faeotime gy) A MUSMMINIKOV, M.G.1 FILIPPOV, SJ. Characteristics of the temporature function br- tfre rate of the liquid steel deoxidation pracess, Izve Vs* ucheb, zave; obem,mte.5. no.ls20-32 162, (MM l5t2) 1. Moskovskiy institut stalio (Steel,.-MiAllurgy) ARSENTIYEVp F.P.; YAKOVLEV, V.V,; FILIPPOV, S.I. Possibility of arsenic removal during the refining of Kerch pig iron in a rotary furnace. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav..; chern. met. 5 no.7s19-26 162. (MIRA 15:8) 1. Moskovskiy institut stali i splavoy. (Iron-Metallurgy) (Rotary-hearth furnaces) YAKOVLEV, V.V.; FILIFFOVI' SOL Kinetic chaacteriatiCO of the initial Otage of the decarburisati(M of molten iron, Izv. vyo,, ucheb" zav.; chern. meto 501-38 %2* (KIRL 15:i0) 1. moskovskiy inotitut stali i aplavoT. 'Steel-Metalluigy) ARUNTIUVO P.P.; FILIPPOV, S.I. --------- Critical concentrations of arsenic and the possibility of its . removal during the refining of iron-carbon melts. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; cherno zot. 5 no.5:25-33 162. (MIRA 15:6) 1. Moskovskiy institut stali. (Iron~-metauurgy) (Arsenic) lkperimental study. of Vie gaseous Phase f0matiOn Process in metallic melts., Izvevyo,pu6heb,zare; chernamet. 6 no.1t&-16 (K= 16 t2) 1, Hoskovskiy institut, stali. i splavov* (Liquid metals) (Vapor-liquid equnibri=) S/148/63/000/001/002/019 EIII/E451 AUTHORS: Filippov S.I. Krasheninnikov, M.G. loffe, I.I. TITLE: Experimental study of the,process of the formation of a gas phase in a metallic melt PERIODICAL: Izvestiya'vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya, no.1, 1963, 8-16 TEXT: A study was made of the gas inclusions in Fo-C-0 molts in which two methods were compared, (a) determination of the anomalies in the oscillations of a freely damped suspended body immersed in the melt and (b) determination of the anomalies in a. rotating magnetic field. The melts were obtained by adding graphite and partly oxidized electrolytic iron to technically pure iron. In (b) the probability K? of the formation of heterogeneities in the melt i6 proportional to ratio of the number..* of oscillations with disturbances to the total number of oscillations. Similarly, with (a) the probability KV is proportional to the ratio (if the number of oscillations not falling on a logarithmic straight line to the total number of' oscillations.. The results confirm the authors' conjecture that Card 1/2 S/14o/63/000/001/002/019. Experimental study of the process ... Elll/E451 the heterogeneity is due entirely to the decarburization reaction. In (a) the difference between.the maximum and minimum anomalies Lap was examined and was found to. be as good a qualitative guide as X P to heterogeneity. In (b) the sum of the maximum positive and negative anomalies Z~aV was also examined and was found to be preferable to K.,) as a guide. Both methods were sensitive to the appearance of inclusions due to the formatian of nuclei followed by the growth of small bubbles on them. From Frenkells theory of liquids, it is concluded that both methods show the early stages when, in the presence of excess oxygen, cracks and discontinuities 121 'the liquid develop into nucleating cracks and holes from which fine bubbles appear. This mechanism ;.has been confirmed by determination of changes in viscosity. iThere are 6 figures. ASSOCIATION: Moslcovskiy institut stali i splavoV (Moscow Steel and Alloy Institute) SUBMITTED: October 3, 1962 LCard _Wq ------ APSENTIYEV, P.P.; VINOGRADOV., B.G.; FILIPPOV Viscosity and eleetzlo conductivity of iron-carbon melts -with additions of manganese and silicon. Izv. v7s. ucheb. zave* chern. met*. 6 no*3:3.1-19 163. (MA 16: 5. 1. Mookovskiy institut stali i splavov. (Iron alloys-Teisting) (Liquid metals-Testing) (Electric conductivity] 1% PRONINV L.A.; FH~OV I _S.Ij.. State of liquid metas on the basis of acoustical data. Izir. vys, ucheb. zav,; chern. mt. -6 no.5:10-18 163. OCRA l61l) 1. Moskovskiy institut stali i splavov. (Liquid metals) (Ultrasonic waves-Industrial applications) *ii-1iW-- -, - TL T KURZINA, T.P.; FILIPPOV, S-I- Regularities of iron reduction from ore under the simultaneous influence of hydrogen and carboo monoxide. Izv. vys. ucheb. sav,; chern. met. 6 no.'7:21-26 1637 (MEU 160) 1. Mookovskiy institut stali i oplavov. (Iron-Metal-lurgy) (Reducing agents) KURZINA, T.P.; Kinetics[ of iron oxide reduq4on by mi~ctures of carbon o#dO and 4drogen. Izv. v)-m. Uch4a ZILV*j oherne met,-6 no.90-10 161, (MIRA 16.-22) 1. %skovskiy institut sitali i Splavov, PRONINt L.A.; JILIFFOV Charact~aristics of tho, state of liqidd metals. Izv. vys. uqheb, iav,-, ch6i~d. inet. 6. n6.11:11-16 -163. QqRL 117:3) 1. Moskovskiy institut stalii splavov. FIN -7- 1; 41, AIR-i IF-I IRIS, IN 4-Mr, I - ',y,_Jvanovlch; ARSM,"PIM, Fetr Pa, 1 ich; PTITSYIIA, FILIPPOV, Sqrgq i Crv 1.1.1 red.izd-va) ENIYAKOVA, G.M.# tekhn. red. I (Experiments on the theory of metallurgical processes) Mcsperimentaltz7a raboty po teorii metallurgichaWdkh protseBsov. lzd.2.1, perer. i dop. 14oskva Metallur iz- dats 1964. 165 P. WA .7,r2l BAYDOVP V.V.; KRASHENINNIKOVt M,G.; FILIPPOV, S.I. Regularities in the reduction of iron from molten ores by hydrogen. liva vys. uchab. zav.; chern. met. 7 no.1:13-19 164. (MM 17:2) 1. Moskovskiy institut stali i splavov, DROZDOV, N.N.; SIMONOV, V.I.; GONCOHAROV, !.A.; FILIPPOV, S.I. Kizietic-principles of the control and automation of the steel decarburization process during the period of the oxygen blowing of the metal. Izv. vys. itcheb. zav.; chern. met. 7 no.3:16-22 164. (NIRA 1714) 1. Moskovskiy institut AILU i splavov. K" WR PRONINY L. A.j KAZAKOV, N. .Ultrasonic measurement of molten cast iron. Izv.vys.ucheb.zav.; -chern.met.7 D00:12-16 164. (MIRA .17:5) 1. Moskovskiy institut Stal-i i splavov. DROZDOV, N.H.; SIMMOV, V,I.; FILIPPOV, S.I. Kinetic principles.of the control and automation of the chromium oxidation process during the oxygen blawing of metal. Izv. vyo..uohab. zav.; chorn. met. 7 no.9:16-23 t64. (MA 17:6) 1. Moskovskly institut stali i splavov. 2. Otvetstvennyy redaktor zhuniala "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy; chernaya metallurgiya." ACCESSION NR: AP4042546 S/0148/64/000/007/0077/0083--l.~""'..~~:'; AUTHOR: Vaynshtok, M. I.; Arsentlyev, P. P.; Filippov, S. 1. TITLE: Macrostru;ture and chemical inhomogeneity of 18-ton ingots of low-carbon steel with addition~'of aluminum SOURCE: IVUZ. Chernay& metallurgiya, no. 7. 19640 77-83 .,TOPIC TAGS: lov carbon steel, 08kp steel, rimmed steel, killed isteel, ferrosilicon debxidized rimmed steel, aluminum deoxidized rimmed steel, steel macrostructure, steel inhomogeneity ABSTRACT: Partial or complete deoxidation of rimmed steel in molds' by aluminum or silicon is one of the means of reducing its chemical inhomogeneity and of increasing the yield of quality metal. The corresponding experiments were carried out with 18-ton ingots of ;08kp rimmed steel deoxidized by ferromanganese in a furnace, and additionally by aluminum (130,g/ton) in the ladle. Semikillied and killed steel was produced by adding 0.2 and 0.4 ks/ton, respectively of aluminum that during pouring into moldol the metal of two ingots .was deoxidized in the mold by an 092 kg/ton addition of 45% ferroal. ,Card 1/3 .~KL, AP4042546 ACCESSION. UR: specific silicon. All ingots had a dense crust, 20-40 mm thick. A ,.feature of the ingots of k*illed and samikilled steel was the presence ..of a more or less dense bridge. A partial preservation of this bridge, :by limiting the crop to 2%, will ensure welding of shrinkage defects ;during rolling, thus increasing the yield of quality metal to 93%. .The macrostructure of the ingot deoxidized by ferrosilicon.was close ~ito that of the rimmed-stael Ingot; the semikilled' steel macro- istructure was close to that of the killed. Ferrosilicon in the amou Int .of 0.2 kg/ton of steel does not ensure a sufficiently uniform :distribution of sulfur and carbon in low-carbon rimmed steel. A amount of ferrosilicon would increase the silicon content in ithe steel and impair,its plastic properties. The addition of 0.4 kg Al/ton of rimmed steel sharply reduces the inhomogeneity of the iingot with respect to its sulfur and carbon content. A larger !addition of aluminum (0.9 kg/ton) has no further effect on ingot ;inhomogeneity but is needed to neutralize the nitrogen and obtai Inonaging steel. However, the ingots of the steel deoxidizod by :aluminum have a highly nonuniform distribution of aluminum, which in low-cArbon steels containing lose than 0*02% residual At can promote :strain aging. Orig. art. has: 3 figures and 2 tables. _rL_2/_3 V-_ i I -- M, r, - ~ i ~- . 1"'i x I M, 111,41--M ivn ~'. : i L !93~,3_65 Pt-10/PU-4 UP(C) JI)jI*II'(eIj ACCEESIONNII: AP4049062. 5/0148/64/000/011/0011/0015 AUTTIOR- Kqzak6,V,' N. ltovbi, L; -A Fill if. TULE: Acoust.;c exleriments on,liquid Sb-Zn alloys SOURCE: FrUZ. Chernaya me tallurgiya no-.71, 1964, A-15 OPIC TAGS: antimoiny.01 *:_-zific -4114,4krild. alloy, sound. transmission, ultrasound velocity R The antiniov vi-zinc system was studied and the dependenco of the speed of in temperature from the melting point U? WKA_~ for Sb !,.nd to ~FIOC for Zn was de- -t-d bv tie inipulse method ,-onreived by !,. A. Prnnin arA S. spi--ed ir doo r eaRes s I i aghti v NO th. i ne rea i i ng te rn p,~ r at , u re .k r t i n s L r Ily -inient I artill-On"'.. Uove S.5(-C the expei _)ecojr~,s _,i9-)C. Three allovs consisting cf:11, .59, an-I -1 fornpi rnturp intervals of 200C :mni the -,.~-fornied bcth before and after experimmtation, i 'lave: .)I 711CL;*~'_tl n ~01 ',iollintT 'oss, and -. pl. itil nuin -pla, inorhnki i 1 j m thonnovounie wa.,~ used -.0 ThAe s )(-ed o~ ultr-.~sonic waves I tv or recip-ncal) of the product o'donsity LizA SP"cd 0' '~-bnd tie cha".e in the temperature coe'ficient of Lhe spee(I j:,,.c W-AveS wer-z! L 19838-65 ACCEESION IqR-. AP4049,062 plotted as knotions of com*o-sitibm- The4,ictfhat the inareasing, curves for the speed of ultra-sonic wa-ves --rot;s each other, as do the decre-asingg: curves for adiabatic compressi- serve :~) indicite a region between 30 and 80%, Zn where intevtnetai"Lic co,-.I~Qunds aie ld I Behveen 65.9 and 850C, the speed of sound in and Lhe con ~j s uj be of temperature. The area of internietallic coinp)unds demands fuither exp,.rimentation. Orig. art. ha6: 4 1 Lable, a-,d I "or;!"UIi c1, ASSOCIATION: Moskavskiy lns-~itut sta2i splavaV Nascow Institute of Steel and Allo;[s) :'- SUB CODE: ZYM SU13ATITTED 27JU1(;4 ENCL: 00 NO PXF SOV: 004 OTHER.- 007 VAYNSHTOKO M.I.; ARSIDWYEVj P.P.; FnTPPUV, S.1, &.crostruoture and ohem$dal heterogeneity of 18-ton.. low-carbon steel Ingots with ar addition of aluminum, Izv. vyao ucheb (MIRA 17" chern. met. 7 no&7877-83 t64 28) 1. Moskavskiy Institut stali I. splavove- KAZAKOV, M.B.; FRONIN, L.A.) FILIPPOV, S.I. Acoustioal investigations of liquid 3b-Zn alloys. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; chern. met. 7 no.l:ltll-15 164. (MIRA 17:12) 1. Moskovskiy inatitut stali i isplavov. GONCHAROV, I.A~; FILIPPOV, S.I. ~'. -1. Mechanism of surface and volume decarburization of molten iron. Iz-vo v7s, uchebo zavp; chern.meit. 8 no.1:10-!6 165 (MIRA 1&~I) 1, Moskovskiy Jhstitut stall i splavovo ~ - P! A 75 IF, N OCIT v M ~ AR Y Z f 10 NK OV, D. I K ITYA; 7, V, V, F. ; F 111,11 1 1 PO 11, 51 Kinetic chnracteristlea of the redivitton of iron ore pnlletg by hydrogen and methane. Izv. vyG. ucheb. zav.; chern. met. 8 110-7ill-15 165. (MRA 180) 1., Moskovnkiy Institut stali i isplavov. KAZAKOVA N.B.; PRONIN, L.A.;,FILIPPOV, S.I. Acoustical invest-igation of liquid alloys. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; chern. met, 8 nc,90-7 165. (MMU 18t9) 1. Moskovskiy institut stall, i splavov. YAVOYSKIY, V.I., otv. red.; BIGEYEV, A.M., red.; BORKO, Ye.A., red.; GLINKCV, M.A., red.; 'MVIJ., Ye.Ya., red.,* K&PUSTIN, Ye.A,,, red.; KOCHO, V.S.p red.; KUDRIN, V.A., red.; IAPITSKIY2 V.I.0 red.;, LEVIN, S.L.., red.; OYKS, G.N., red.; ROMENETS, V.A.,, red.; UMRIKHIN, P.V., red.; F,l S.I. red. [Theory and piactice of the intensification of processes in converters and open-hearth furnaces; transactions] Teoriia i praktika intensif!Lkatsii protsessov v konferte- rakh i martenovskikh pechakil; trudy. Moskva, Metallurgiia, 1965. 552P. (MIRA 18:10) 1. Mezhvuzovskoye nauchnoye soveshchaniye po teorii i praktike intensifikatsii protsessov v konverterakh i mar- tenovskikh pechakh. 2. HovskovskIly institut stali i splavov (for Filippov). 3. Zhdanovslciy metallurgichaskiy institut (for Kapustin). 4- Urallskjjr politekhnicheskiy institut (for Umrikhin). It 12078--66-- EWJT(1)Z~~ff(m)/EPF(n)-qLT/D t G J_ ACC P6000170 SOURCE CODE:UP,,,'~1,48/65/000/009/VI)5/0007 AUTHOR: Kazakiw. K. B., Proninj L. A.; jmm~v' S. 1. W': Moscow 1118titutO of Steel and;.Alloys. .,(Moskovskiy institut stali I splavc TIM: ..Acoustic studies of -molten, allove S-MCE..*. MZ.;Chernayd. ustaliurg'iyaj no 9, 1965, 5-7, _TOPIC TAGS: aiiaus'tic a peed,, -mol tab metal, ultrasonics, temperature dependence, semiconductor-theory,_ galliuse,ant man Y, LfABSTPACTt . -1-he, temperature dqip~sndenc a. of, the.., speed of-ultrasound is anjuportant fgctori..~-In~ Aetetmining, the physical4nd structural characteristics of.semiconAuctor .compoup. s, n..ea,lid and molten state, 0 a ly, but s 'far this factor hag remained rel"tive ~.'Uninvestigatedi Hence* the'authars,perfo ,1d;s comparative investiption of the coo--. _,.centration and temperature dependenciss~oi tim speed of ultrasoundlifor two systems :..with,& dif fereni. character. of transitGn to ~!oaluctlng state. To his end, molten alloys of,the 8b.-Ga system were.investigated,by the method described earlier by the uthors-(Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeviLy. Chernays metalluraiya, 1964, no.-11,. 11). It was found that the curveoftesiparaftre dependence of the ultra4ound flat tons out vith increasing Sb content-of the alloyeandt In the range of from 750 to '-9$0*C (uedrig. I)# the temperature coefficient for the alloy with >50% (at.)'Sb msy~ 1/3 Card - UM: 669,75'87-154:534 6 IHN IM T L 12076-666 A~C NRI "6000170 Wconsidered'zerob.It may be assumed,that OR type of-tempersture-dependence of.the speed,of ultrasound reflects.attuctural changist in the molten alloy,,but this re- quires postulating a -definite:physical modeloUintetaction between particle$. So far this'problen has not been.solved, but qualitative analogies may be based on the .following simplified picture of the structijre'of*molten metals: ion composition and ,.free electrons.: Assuming- that Ion compositiow; is. incompressible and thst compressibi-.: lity -depends on free electrofts,. a c6rrelation~ between coupressibility (opeed of the ~.ultrasound). atv~-'-electron conduction must exisit. such arelationship can be observed Jor the systemi.investiSated.- The. obtained cuime of adiabatic compressibility with increasing. temporature for GaS~'(Fil. 2) coincides with the increase in, electrit.re. sistance; at tho same tima, molten- ZnSb is characterized, over some Interval of tem- 'Oeratures, by a decrease'In adiabatic comprealibility and electric resintance. OrIg. art, has: 2 figures,, I tAble* SUB(CODIt 11, 20/ SUM DATRt O&YunfiS/, ORIC RRFt 005/ am REPI 001 Crd 3/1 xet. W85TV2- $0URCC CODE: UR/0148/65/000/011/0005/ .6 AUTHM: IKA zaltov, H. B.; Pcoming 16. A*; Filippow ON.. Moscow institute of 9teel 84 Alloys 006kovskiy, institut stall L-spbrmv) Tr=: SEructure of metal melt'~Nth a positive temperat coefficleat of tba,spedd of ultrasound SOURCE: I=. Cheluaysi metallurgiya, no. 11, 1965 5-8 -TOPIC TAGS:, ultrasonics,.. temperature dependence, molten metal, semilconluctor ailoyi: cadmitm, antimony AB SMAdT: At the present work is_ & continuation of a previous investigation Inj; Wi th the t Iand concentration dependencies of the - speed of ultraso=14.. eo ratu d tar meIts of the%=18stem over a cartrin range of welt coq~ooLtions,--*-d-d~o-st~ablistied _-that L the 8pea-of-uItr&soUnd - has: & Positive temperature coefficlerit, which- previous ly has been observed for no other fluid except water (N. a. Kazakcr7o L. A. Prodin, S. 1. Filippove Isvestlya vysshikh uchebnykh'::&vedenLy. Chernays metallurglya, 1964 no. 11, 11-14). Now the investigation LIL-Oxte"ded to the temperstux dependence of the speed of ultrasound for welt* of thi'VA-Sto system. Positive temperature coeffl- cients of the speed of ultrasound are obiiNed also in this system for alloys of a composition resembling latersistallic compounda. For example, a greater incres" Ia. IA 669.7316:54ljl2.03 ;g. R, Cd 1 -13189-66 ACC NR9~A75MW'97 the speed of ultrasound is,established for the alloy,containing 41.5% (at.) W(Fig..1), In this case the measurements of the speed Of ultrasound.at-high temporatures were complicated :.,by the' low melting point of Cd i[765*C). The melts were covered with a thick layer of flux (composition: KCI + 60% LiCl). The composition of eachalloy wail checked by taking samples for chemical analysin before and after measurements. The speed of the ul..vrasound was measure'd by the, pulsed method. Further, the values of &411- abatic compressibility.for Sb-Cd alloys 4Ls a function of.temperature are tabulated on the basis of -ejq)erimental' findings on't!w Speed,of sound and the density of the melts. The concentration changes of adiabatic compressibility for Cd-.Sb melts at li-- quidus temperatures and on beating 2000C ikrve liquidus are illustrated in Fig. 2. The finding that adiabatic compressibil yAecreases with increasing temperature foil alloys with 41.5 and 69% (at.) Sb Is d fia explain; one possible expAanation is change in the structure of the melts 861 e case of water: it is k r nqW tha t irt water, which represents a combination of three. structures, the proportion -of the closely packedstructure increases vithrising temperature and compressibility cor- respondingly diacreases. As the elevated temperatures continue, owing to thermal loosening, the. compressibility of the water- begins to increase. It may thus be as- sumed that in the alloys Investigated, the structure at first becomes more compact on -heating; the packing' coefficient Increases.amd, as a result, compressibility decreaseis As the heating'continues, the structure. gets, -loosened, the coordination numbar de- creases& &n4 aimmessibility spin, inarsales. Ousts. are. beat 4 figures, I table. S A UB CODE: 11, SUBM DATE: O6Aug65/ ORIG REY: 004/ am REY: 001 rd 4f `~J H, LALI(Jlill il~,~p~,rl-"-Ui(ICI~IAZ-~C.~---,=I---.-Ijp-(-C)----!E n/AIR_ SOURCE CODE- UR/0148/66/000/003/0008/0014' AP6021706 (1-1 ) AUTHOR: Fi4ppov, S. L; Kazakov, N. B.; REonin, L. A. ORG: Moscow Institute of S teel and Alloys (Moskovskiy institut stali i splavov) TITLE: Speed of the ultrasound and compressibility in molten metal@ and the relation of these two characteristics to various physical properties SOURCE: IVUZ. Chernaya metallurglya, no. 3, 1966, 8-14 TOPIC TAGS: ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compression, molten metal, atomic property, melting point, heat of vaporization . ABSTRACT: This investigation deals with measurements over a. broader temperature range and for a greater number of metals than the study by V. V. Baydov and L. L. Kunin (V sb. "Teoriya metallurgicheakikh protBessov, 11 vyp. 40, TsNHChM, 1965, 94-104). To this end, quartz rods as well as rods of metallic tungsten (coated with silver to protect it against dissolution in the molten metals) were employed as the guides for the ultrasonic waves. For most molten metals the speed of sound decreases in a near-linear manner with increasing temperature. But for Bi and Sb over a certain temperature range above their melting points uDC: 669.1-154:541.12.03:621.034 L 41o16-66 XCC N% AP6021706 the speed of sound changes insignificantly (FIg. 1). The mass of the atom and valent electrons > 49t J .4.- 4. -4 0 0 0 0 Cd M M 44 Cd 0 a M (D 9 Aq L ) 1016-6i.' ACC NRI AP6021'706 evidently play a major role in the mechanism of the passage of sound waves across metal. The speed of transmission of the sound pulse is determined not only by particle mass but also by the forces of cohesion between particles. These forces are estimated according to the heat of vaporization or sublimation. Analogously, one of the most important thermodynamic cha- racteristics -- is-.3thermal compressibility, :may be computed on the basis of data on the speed of the ultrasound, density, and specific heat. The compressibility of molten metals, like that of *911 megIs, periodically increases with atomic number; certain alloys, however, e.9. Zxi-'Sb'lnd' -Sb, ~re exceptions to this rule. This also applies to the process of the crystal- lization of Bi, Ga~dnd other semi-metals, Nvhen, as a result, atomic volume increases but compredgilty-dBoreases. Orig. art. has: 7 figures, 4 tables. SUB CODE. 20, 11, 13/ SUBM -DATE: 03D(ic65/ ORIG REF. 005/ O'PI REF. 004 Card 3/3 he L 04807- W2(M)/WWA?1 4w AtC-NR.--- AP6027006 SOURCE CODE: UR/0148/66/000/005/0131/0134 AUTHOR: Fil!p2W, S. I.; KhAakov,_N._ E!.; Pronin,. L. A. ORG: Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys (Moskovs1dy institut stali i splavov) TITLE: Effect of ultrasonic treatmen'ton the crvBtallization of metal melts SOURCE: IVUZ. Chernaya metallurgiya, no. 5, 1966, 131-134 7TOPIC TAGS: ultrasonic effect, metal crystallization, molten metal, metallography, inetallurgic research ABSTRACT: Usi-.g the method described by K. G. Plass (Akustische Beiheftc, 1963, Hf. 1, 2j0-244) (variation in a fixed ultrasonic signal on the oscilloscope screen during crystalliza- tibn of metal melts) the authors observed changes in the signal during cooling of molten Sn, - A, Bi, Sb, Ga, Zn, Cd, Cu and Al through which ultrasonic waves are passed (pulsed meth6d, frequency of ultrasound 2. 5 mega-cps), ILS Illustrated in Fig. I which presents the potentio- metric,,.Uy recorded values of the ultrasonic signal during the crystallization of zinc. The va- riation In signal during the crystallization is chiefly determined by two opposite factors. On thf one hand, the segregation of crystals from the melt produces in increase in the absorption Cajd W3 UDC: 669.1.065:621.034 t 04 "077 a44 scattering Of BOUnd waves at the numerous crystal-molten metal interfaces whereas, on fu on] fee. 0 oil. 1 73 Fig. 1. Recording of the acoustic signal and temperature during the crys- tallization of zinc 5.3 > 43 0400 fee 200 0 7.1 Time, min. Card 2/3 L o48o7-67 ACC NR2 AP6027006 the other, as the metal solidifies and its elastic properties increase, the intensity of the ultrasound passed through it will increase. Observations of the cooling of melts of the binary systems Pb--Sn, Zn-Cd, Ga7gk.~n-Sb, Cd-Sb, Cu-Sn, Fe-C in cate that the variation in the 'S1gRKj&_i~~'&es-(Y7ZoyW in liquid-solidUd soUd-st-ata' associated with the corres- ultrasonic 2 ponding phase equilibrium diagrams. Thus, e.g. for the melt Sn-30 wt.% Cu die alpal sharp- ly decreases at liquidus temperature and sharply increases at eutectic temperature; micro- structural examination reveals that this effect at near-liquidus temperatures is attributablo to the segregation of large, well-formiod c -phase dondritos. Thus, the variation in ultrasonic sIgnal in the process of the crystallization of metal melts may serve as a means of monitoring the formation of the structure of an ingot while It still Is In liquid-solid state, which is of majot, practical and theoretical interest. OrIg. art. has: 3 figures. SUB CODE: 20, 13, 1l/ SUBM DATIE: 3lJan66/ ORIG REF: 003/ OTH REF: 001 3/3 PASHKOV, Viktor Filippovich, tokar';JILMOV, S.M., red.; SIVEMOVS, P.A., takhn.red. [Constantly improve your.skill] Postoianno soverahenstyovat' svoe masteretvo. Xurskoe knIxhnoe Izd-vo, 1956. Z2 p. (min '12:6) 1. Kurskiy mkhginicheskiy savod Kinisterstva sel'skogo khosyaystva RWSR (for Pasbkov). (Lathes) AUTHOR: ~Pov' S.M'_ SOV/1,30-58-10-1/18 TITLE:, The Iron and Steel Industry of the USSR in Growing Whernays, matikllur,giya SSSR na pod"yeme). PERIODICAL: Meiallurig*0 1968, Nr*10, pp.1-3 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The author mentions the rapid growth of the Soviet ferrous metallurgloalindustry and mentions that in the first half .,or 7 months of 1958 most production targets have been exceeded'and several large blast furnaces completed ahead OfL schedule. He givea a breakdown of production (Table 1) into pipe iron, steelp rolled products, steel 'tubes and iron orep by republion an absolute values for 7 months of 1957 and in relation to the planned values. He shows (Table 2) that in the first half of i958 the average value of the ooefficient of utilization of blast-furnace volume was 0.77 (0.79 in 1967), the best republic being the RSFSR (0,72) and the beat works the Magnitogorsk-'.'f- metallurg;Lcal combine (0.61); the table shows inpriove- ments over 1957 in the coefficient and also in time-off- Card 1/3 blast values. In open-hearth operation (Table 3) the BOV/130-58-10-1/18 The Iron and Steel Industry-of the USSR in Orowing. average daily steel production per m2 of bottom area was 7.56 (7-32 in 1957),, the RSF3R with 7.74 being the beat, republic and the combine (9.19) the best works; the table shown improvements over 1958 in these -figures and also in furnace idle t:Lne- In rolled ' productsi the greatest excess over the target values (2.8%) was obtiAned by the Ukrainian BBR; a number of enterprises failed to produce the appropriate balance between the produets~and the author discusses such Wfailures and some 3imilar failures in tube production. Labour productivity in theoiscond quarter of 1958 (Table 4) has on the whole iiioreasod appreciably over the viluea for the last quarter of 1957 In spite of the reduction in working hours. The author (sontrasts Soviet production inereases"with inoreises in some-capitalist countries and suggests that the Soviet deaentritliiation of the organization of-the steel industry and reduction of the working da7 have proved successful. Card 2/3 There are 4-tables. t The Iron and Steel Industry of the USSR is Growing. ASSOCIATION: Gosplan of the USSR Card 3/3 AUTHOR: Filippov, S.M. SOV/130-58-12-2/21 TITLE: ~Ifilling t e ecision of the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU 1,Vypolnyaya resheniya XX S''yezda KPSS) PERIODICALS Metallurg, 1958,1Nr 12, pp 2 - 5 (USSR) ABSTRACT: 'The author considers Soviet achievements in iron and steel production in the light of decisions taken at the twentieth meeting of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,. He gives Soviet annual production figures for pig iron) steel, rolled products, steel tubes and iron ore for 1955-58 (Table 1) and some corresponding data for other countries (Table 2) and states that the USSR in 1957 accomated for 17.5% of world steel production. In pig- iron production new capacity played an important part in comyensating for temporary raw-material deterioration in 1957, the average size of furnaces increased from 639 m3 in 1951 to 715 0 in 1955 and 844 m3 in 1958; the propor- tions of sinter in the burden and of fluxed sinter in the sinter have increasedi high top pressure operation has been-widely adopted as have high blast temperatures and Card 1/2 moisture-contents. These measures have led to significant improvements in efficiency between 1955 and 1958 for the SOV/130-58-12-2/21 Fulfilling the Decision of the Twentieth Meeting of the CPSU USSR (Table 3) and for the leading works (Table 4). The author mentions that a value of 0.575 was achieved for the coefficient of utilization of working volume on Nr 3 blast furnace of Ma nitogorsk. In open-hearth practice the period 1955-59 has also seen considerable improvements for the country as a whole (Table 3) and the leading works (Table 5), a daily steel production per m2 of bottom area of 9.03 tonnes being quoted for the "Zaporozhstall" works. Both In blast-furnace and open-hearth practice the Makeyevk& metallurgical works is lagging and the author makes constructive suggestions. He states that in 2+ years labour productivity has increased by over 12% and gives data (Table 6) on per capita pig-iron and steel production in the USSR and USA for 1913, 1950, 1955 and 1957. There are 6 tables. ASSOCIATION: Gosplan SSSR (Gosplan of the USSR) Card 2/2 SOV/:30-59-2-1/17 AUTHOR: Flljppov~ S.M. TITIE: Entering the FI-rst Ye ar of the Seven-Year Plan (Vst;upaya v pexWv god semlietm ) PERIODICALtMetallurg, 1950,Nr 22 PP 1-3 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The author gives the 1958 production figures for iron ore, pig-iron, steel, rolled products and tubes and relates them to those of the previous year. He notes that: 1958 production targets were not reached in some of the smaller republias. Stating that improved eff iciency as well as additional -.apacity had contributed to growth of outplat in 1958i the aixthor discusses, giving figures for works, some of the measures which had contributed to the improvement of the average coefficient of utilisation of blast furnace volume from 0.?9 to 0.?? and 'the avera6a coke rate per tonne of steelmaking iron from 817 to 786 kg. He treats similarly steelmak-*Lng 'where the a-7erage production of steel per m2 of open-hearth bottom area improved from 7,32 tonnes = 195? to 7.56 for eleveri montbs of 1958 and briefly mentions improvements in rolling practice. Card 1/3 He examin s capital .-onstruction in the iron and steel SOV/130-59-2-1/17 Entering the First Year of the Seven-Year Plan industry in-1958, which was 305' greater than in 1957. The 1958 plan for building seven blast-furnaces, (total capacity 4 million toraiesv including two of 1 million tonnes eaZ3 was successfully completed. Or, the other hand, some plans ware not fulfilled,, eg. that for rolling mill cons tru~itA Q4x,, du* tz-~ dolgpi -xil tuid. ai ie -Qvm tit vuct Jon also ln6ged~ Pcr Production increases of over 3 mil-tion tonnes sL pig lzon, o-.-er 4 million tonnes of steel. ovar 3 nilliion tonnes of rolled Droducts and over Ealf a mi-Ilion. -~,cnr-s clo' t-ubeE are planned, For the acLievew~nt cf tbese .stricter adherence to quaxter",Ly pl=s, efftrts to iz-z.-.IoNe efficienc7 and to enlist young people .in the labour :~Porce should be stressad. In blast-t%ar--pae -oractire cze preparation will be improved and top-pressure axid blast- temperature. increased. In open-hearth practice more and better use will be made of oxygen and compressed air and charge preparation (especial-ly se=-sp) w11-1 be 4.=Zro-ved. Converter shops will aim to achie-ve more ezx:nomi.~_al Card 2/3 operation and improve refractcxies for ox7gen-blo-mr- 4 f SOV/130-59-2-1/17 Entering the First Year of the Seven-Year Plan converters. In rolling and tube-making lightened seotions are to be increasingly produced and plant modernisation will continue. Over the whole industry better exchange of information is to be organised to make available knowledge of the best practice. Although moist of the new capacities will be provided at existing W037ks the construction of the new Zapadno-Sibirskiy (West Siberian)and Karagandinskiy (Karaganda) works is to be continued on a large scale. ASSOCIATION: Gosplan SSSR (Gosplan of the USSR) Card 313 8/1_~0/60/000/01 Vo 11/0 11 A006/AO01 AUTHOR: Filippov, S. M.- the Planning and Analysis of TIM: The Use of Analytical Computers in Production Indlees in Ferrous Metallurgy PERIODICAL: Mittallurg, 1960, No. 11, pp. 36-38 TEXT: A scientific Conference was organized in June 1960 at the Mosaaw. inzhenemo-ekono'micheskiy institut (Economical Engineering Institute) imeni Sergo trol,%and Ordzhonikidze devoted to problems of improved planning, con+ analysis of production using computers and mathematical mathods in ths me2 shops of ferrous metallurgy. Ya. P. Gerchuk, Candidate-of Economical Sciences of the Moskovskiy Institut sta3l7oscow Steel Institute) treated in a report. the use of linear programming in ;;1anning timum compFn-ents, equipment operation, transportation and lay-out of materials. Linear programming can be performed most efficiently using high-speed. electronic computers. The platirIng of rollirg production using perforation com;uters is divided Into three consecutive stages; 1. Treating, summarization ard classification of orders for the current quarter of the year and the month, and calculation of rolling mill charges. 2. Establishing the Card 1/3 411~01601000101110111011 A0061AO01 The Use of Anallytical Computers in the Planning and Analysis of Production Indices in Ferrous Metallurgy optimum sequence of forwarding the orders into production; 3. Stock-taldn and checking the fulfillment of the plan. The scientific-research laboratory of economics and organization of MosgorsoynarM-oz production attached to the Mosbow scE Economical-Eng aeering Institute, developed a project on the mechanized tr-- "~_ = ~J us of operational plan applied to section mills of the "Serp i Molot" Plant, using 45-digit comIriters. The results obtained on improved plin_~ning, c ~ec ~Hnd analysis, using perforation computers, arg now being introduced to the steelmakirg shops of the plant and can be recommended to other metallurgica.1, enterpr1tres. Investigations were also made to select optimum oonditions for coord!Aatfng the delays of delivery, according to graphs of metallurgical enterprises, with the production delAys of the machine-building plants. This problem can be solved by linear programming. The calculation methods determined were applied to the cold- pressing shop of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant according to the timd of delivery of the sheet material from the_MWitogorsk Metallurgical Combine. Analytical computers may also be used for the tichnical and economical anOy-sis of prime costs in metallurgical production. For this purpose it is necessary 1. to develop standards for the use of equipmtnt~ labor; material, fuel and eleotric Card. 2/3