SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GIATSINTOV, Y. - GIBAS, T.
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP86-00513R000515020006-2
Release Decision:
RIF
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
100
Document Creation Date:
November 2, 2016
Document Release Date:
September 17, 2002
Sequence Number:
6
Case Number:
Publication Date:
December 31, 1967
Content Type:
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
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CIA-RDP86-00513R000515020006-2.pdf | 3.2 MB |
Body:
Research on the Scattering of Endurance (cont.) SOV/1970
3. Determination of parameters of fatigue curves in 6 -N coor--
dinateB 44
Ch. III. Hathod of Fatigue Testing for Light Alloys 51
1. Cutting out stock for a specimen 51
2. Shape of fatigue specimens and the technology of producing
them 53
3. Testing-base and surfaces of stresses 56
4. Choice of fatigue machines 58
Ch. IV. Investigation of Fatigue and Static Properties of Pro-
fileB Made of Aluminum Alloys V95 and D16 63
1. Subjects of Investigation 63
2. Results of static and fatigue tests of specimens from the
profile No. 1, alloy V95 65
3. Results of static and fatigue tests of specimens from pro-
file No. 2, alloy V95 71
4. Results of static and fatigue tests of specimeng from pro-
file No. 3, alloy V95 82
5. Results of static and fatigue tests of specimens from pro-
files No. 4, and 5, alloy D16 92
6. Effect of the degree of deformation in pressing profiles
Card 4/5
Research on the Scattering of Endurance (Cont.) SOV/1970
from alloys V95 and D16 on fatigue and static properties and on
scattering 96
7. Analysis of scattering of mechanical properties of specimens
from profile No. 1, of various fusions (alloy V95) 104
8. Scattering of fatigue characteristics in connection with
the character of the stressed condition and the dimensions
of the tested specimens ill
Conclusions 119
Bibliography 122
AVAILABLEt Library of Congress
IS/bg
Card 5/5 8-20-59
Aull ''ES: Ser*.,ISLVII~ j-&-yev,
TI TU, - ti-otj Iaw ~;-n,-erning. the qtrJhAic,.-,, f :-mbil it~ i n at4 cut
Tests ~~' zal:one ra.3Predeleniya 6~11,,cveclmc:~-ti --ri
Pl~.~Jl "AL Zavod-~!:ava Lal-cratoriya, ll~~` , V(,I. r
A~-S7'U.CT: ri -,,,j t t: e st,~'Ge ~e;,t -;~-Oe ti t; t V a
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b. ex,)eri;-!"ntf5 , ,e 1, (,;~ tr.7 butif n 1. neti; nS 170re sl uEe Sted b-
e 1 77
Froudenthal wid 911111ei rRe 1.:' i
~- zi:,(4 ~- -1, ers.
t, )re~sent ~-)a er tie ccrrectnesn "I e lol7ar' V.7-1-. ~ 5'landprd
I aw wa S C-* ~Cke,~ a d ti.e C),; !r~+
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acnrdd nj~ J,r c~cjo-~" was estnUljs!.e0 as a f'pct. ~a-oles were
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c,. urvt- I'(- r i rv'-~rat^r t: e ~~I!enc:-ewri
21
o,' t'~e til v` threchc ld. J!; Vie, c~ ~,:rse ~-f .:'~ r,~;:er er eriments
the latter .9 found also ir, tl-.e ,ase c -reater stresses. 'n"(, ~ the
Cardl./2
Oil the '.4v ~, n~~t-rnix.;.-, t- e 1.-~ !7~r! tnition o,'
LAIrab, 1i t."- n Fat. cue Te s Ul
ex!lamim~ents a.,,(3 a -,athe--aatical Procosr t' e thes: s ey-ounded
L
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c of which ar,! 61avic
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AV A] LAI Library " C,n~-rens
1. .,"aVoc Durabdlit Meori
Card '. 2
25(2)114(lc) PHASIC BCOK 9DULOITA7,10N SOV12?,-9
Aked.ftly. na.x S35R. ln.tlt~t
Probleav v -hl-str~-y ,n1t. vy- 3 (St~-th P-ch-=z
r-Oh4ftIcal B=Ctr-rtg, 1~1, 4z
trrata slip 1".rtod. 3,00~0 covile.
Rd.;d,3.T. 3* Acedv~L*Lftn, Ckminian S!PI
or PblishrLS Hcuo#z G.A. Sec)-yewl W. e
MaPIMS: T'his book I, Int-do ur d-s-lor
d
No kers In the field. c b~ I lir
be s.f.' to stLd-t. f' t,.
amo
Advanced technical 1. d Ith p-b.Ts
CCVZM= 3 Thim to & of
of stIwtugth and st:Z111170ty"of cyl5inIrrtlital r"
I,
Sen-m! .-d-i.no fbr the ~,C~Ifttlln of
analyst . of' f;tIg... md ~f.1-~tts fl?idtty .n
Impact R.fe-nc.. a- .?-.0 ~r
!Oadtng r. con.
.1cle.
P.."aw:1139 of Vtcuo T..t. on the b.01. or Linea,
1,0 Am Yale
authors obtain fatigue istagan
4Ut,r1OT*tlm Is given ~cmdltlans.s based Do ".* Prc,bability or
YU--!&- Pq .... r-t of the Ivisit of Pluld-
4ko. 11--41*1-0 to d..crlb,d ..d It
the d.pemdenc. of the I .It of I. , r-
speeds am Cie... I dity on lomd!=4 and JZPAct
AVAII-91-S Librey of Con,",.
112;3~0-59
Card 3/3 3 W
i_ , L)
180) PHASE I BOOK KXPLOITATION SOV/2686
Moscov. Aviatsicuq7 tekhnolrgicheskiy institut
Voprosy soprotivleniyn'materialov; prochnost' alyuminiyevykh splavov (Problems
of the Strengt_h of Materials; Strength of Aluminum Alloys) Moscaj, Oborongiz,
1959. 117 P. (Series' !tF: Trudy, vyp. 37) 3,600 copies printed.
Sponsoring Ag-~nry: Ministerstro vysshego obrazovanlya SSSR.
Ed. (Title page'7 S.V. Serensen; Ed. (Inside book): B.V. Zaslavskiy;
Ed. of PablislAng House: L.I. Sheynfayu; Tech. Ed.: L.A. Garnukhina;
Managing Ea.,: A.S. Zaymovskaya, Engineer.
PURPOSE: This collection of articles is intended for vorkers of epginbering dwip
offices., inda-trIal 10,ioratories and scientific institutes of the machine-
bxdldJz,g ~adi:~stry wLd for reseexch fellNe and students of advanced courses
in schrxils of j'.Aghf!r te~,,Iiaical education.
COVERAGE: T".1s cf~w_'3-t of 8 articles in wtich mechanical properties
of deformefl eozemm 8,LIL78 are described. The load-carrying capacity of parts
Card 1/11
Problems of t-),P- Strangth of Materia-3 (cont.) sovp(66
made of Vaea;e all.,~7a 1? cLmsidered and arAte res:-Lts of the investigation of
the distribition cf stresses and etralr-.3 ~,.n parts and joints are given.
TABIE OF COMMITS:
1. Peshina, -Ye. n~~! Eff-~,~t- c-f 11,%aiEm &ad Material of a Rotating Disk on
Stressel Ccmditi.on and L,,,6d,,carry1ng Capiwity 5
The wJT.-.o-r rons!Ulerio ef loal-car;!,ying
capacAlty In elar,".11c piaV..'c co0�-1ionB N connection viQ1 the
special feyitares of ,Uwam of ~,'-4e deformati.-):. of material in
rotating
2. 1ranov, G.T., and J.P.. StOrry. 7~6j) FTc;blem of Approximation of
Deformation EIMrms * 13
The properties of the defr.--m-Etion diagrami; anclvz--d for almainum
struf?tural alloytji~~:! d1scilAsed.
3. GiatsintoT, Ye. V. Effect of acne Structural Parameters on the
la F-'r Tree Faztenings 33
The streBsed coadition In an el"tie region in flexure is
ang.Ly%ed based ort tbe example of a blade root fir tree fastening.
The dependence t)f t.*rje -stressed conditlcm on t%-, a design parameters
Card 2/ 4
Problems of of Materi&la (coot..) SOV/2686
intrAuctirxiJ s~~biLatim of elastic properties of materials
of the 1,16de ard Erzk lire shawn.
4. Stepanov, 'Arxestigation of Stresses in a Wedge Under a Triangular
Load (Applied tx Catte-r6) 52
The author im;e:i the optic of Inveetigating stresees wbich makes
possible an analwals of the applJcability of corresponding
theoretical so1ut1c,Dj tc thek determination of a plane stressed state
in cutters.
5. Kognyev, V. P. li"Is for 4,~ie Cholce ,f &,a EqrAl Strength Beam for
Calibrating Wire Teit.-cmeters in the Presence of Transversal
Vibrationg 62
In conz,.ection t'--e elaboration of eqaf-.jment for the calibra-
tion of tratEalitters.,calcalation 6f an eqw1l strength beam with
tran.sversal ribriil.cm.9 present is given.
6. Serersen, Strpnov, V.P. Kogayev, atd Ye. V. Giataintoy
Stablllhy of the Ptnetlcm of Distribution of Durability in Test-
ing th-2 StabiLity of Miat-im Al-lays 69
Card 3./
Problems c,,f the Str*tgtI of Pwterials (Cont -) SOVI 2686
Probleivi of' i~te OW1,111ty of Wation strv.ctixr& alloys are con-
sidered In tfte static mpelct in order to a stable distri-
bution of d=411.1ty at, *7ariaaa lewvels of 9~,.rese.
7- Vorkmci', 9.H. (Pectiasedl, ati-i M.N. Stepnev. Fatigue Limit of
AINmAnin Al1c), AX5 Wil"O. a S1 att'Ake Stractiire of Fractures 85
The rslation of fatipae tc, alatelike stract-are of fractures
in analyzed in atudying tLNe of e-slation strdctural
allOYLz.
8. Stepaciv, M.N. Suxface Streogh:Ang of Alizaln-,w A11M AK4-1
8nd UD" '..~Y 11$31WnLr 96
Fat!~x, reel.Btaance of Cold-hamered samples with changing
parameters of the strengtliered layer and tte mechisaical
properties of the layer are deserited.. Tte dependence of the
wave c-f finsl stresaes (m the hamering tecbmology J,, Fhown and
'&estrengthenea lacer are determined.
AVAIIABLE.: Wbrary of Congress
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STIPHOV, H.N.; G~~Mmvulw.l KOGAYIIV, V.P.
Statistical processing of results of fatignie tests baggi on
linear regression analysis. Probl. proch. v mashinostr. no-3:
71-88 159. (MIIIA 12ill)
(Metals-Fatigue-Testing) (Mathematical statistics)
'16116
)j) 2 L4 I Ll 13 DO.-10,'D' I
~.Z
A"!THOR3. Baro-din. N.A., Gial-sintov, le.V., Stapnov, MI.N.
TITLE: The efrect of '!~e teclhnoloCy of f;,bri-iticn
fr,,7 D'Ib an! 705 aluminim alloys li-i t1io :nrcnani'-".'1
c-f latter
SOURCE: Mnscow. AviRtsionnyy tekhnologichi~,kiy in~~titut. Tr..):Iy V.'-.
1961, 13- 7 9. Is:31edovaniya ustaloj~] i
prochnosti aly-uinin-,~-evykli splavo-r
TEXT: The article dez-:%ribes experimental inves14
the optimum technol-ogi,.%al condi tions for fabrical i-,7 1-1-iPankS Df
Llu,7.anum al'loyu, i.e. cond-i t~ono rel:ul ti '"n
!in-1 d-m%mic .-trenc-,.h. The offr~ct of !,Ii- foll-o-,';,n- o!Dt,~
c 11--~ blanl:,i --nd tho method by which the,,- wc..r(, hea
pv,i,,,sj.nj,; the pren.,iing, temperature; the ho-atin,7 prc!orJurr- fo!' Ili. .
ccntont of Fe and. Si . Thp chomicril compo'ni t i C.'n of loy'z. i.-,
(Table 1):
cs.rd I,"
Th - q f "D C. t C, f 1, f? D0,C)I'DI I
The co rit e n t o f I t S I
All' o-5- R' a nc. cu Mig tin Fe s T i
1 .4, 0-7i 0 - -j:' 0~1 C' ~ 0
Di 1 .(8 0 . 0. 0 0.0~
1.40 0, .,'~ q ' 0 0. 0"(', 0 0
1 - 7" A 5 0. 32' 0, 7:' 0
V
D. 0~ ", C)
i
~o C. 16 C~ 0
n c I ud,-: r
hoa t i n 6, and j I r.
d e t nm.i n C.- tli
n] t,n t i:
v --.,I in
car...
Thc- P.fec the
31646
3//r,
Do.,I,O//Dl 12
the fatlf,-ue strength and lonff-time static strani,th valiie-,;
ably on t~.t, levol or th,:~ !itre.,jes and the duratIon or UP
deppndence of diaporolon of the life values in fatigue tests cni t~,,-
of stresses is not linear. Por example, red-action of the stress :evel --f-rom
to 1.2 J--j waz accompanied by 2-6 time.; higher and even Ir
er dispersion. However, in tests for long-t-ime strength the dasp-ro-,Dr A
logarithm of the time up to des truc tion decreasou 11 nearly upon I
t'.,ie stre-ges. ThiL; is due. to an increase in the tame zic-,?J.2d i1pstructi-,r.-
which leaJs to nore complete homogenization of th,7 metal an~ ".16-h-
er plasticity. (2) A comparison of the alloy properii-2s base-, on tnc- --i~axi
values of the mechanical characteristics is riot sufficient, and may
times lead to wronE; conclusions even although a ?arge number of sp-:.Jmenz
tested. For instance, the fatigue limit of I-p:,cim;7ns tak(,n from T-',
burs prensed at '%OoC was 91/',f, lower than that of ',,az,5 PI.",- Z.,
at 1500C, but a comparison of the left confidence limd t3 or, fatii;lj~ !,-i-s
T)Iofted for "" failure probability whereby dispersion --f the
.)?0
t--ken into account*r-roved that the lift-, of the allot- presse.J at v-a-
1.5-2 times longer; Analogous results were obtained In thp
D16 and V95 alloys. (~) The 3tudied technological factoro a'l';~(A I)ie
Card 3/5
31616
S/,' 36/16a./m/051 /00" /,)OD,
The effect of the ... D040,D112
strength and del)pendabi.llty of the D16 and V915 alloyu in the
(a) Homoceniz in& of Jrigots prilor to pre3sing results in a --m~;:,J;
ref4w,tlon of the d1.-,p,!r11jo11 ~)f the fatif7um awl long-time .,t-a*i- -hua t
and an im.-reii,io In thc-'r llf'e. The 'Iff,
confidence 11mits of thf~ fati,7ue anl long-tJmp.
siruction probabili%v 1.2- - tim. H."Itll',- f :.1u.
duction furna~,,t.--? inst-mi )'* in rozi!itan-.- !',-.rnq
recultj -n a oli,:-htly ,,hort~!r life in faticun ti~It:- ("j, t,) :01- ~CY,~) an",
o~.-.rcply azV effect ~~ri the lon~-timfn. ,tati,- t I';
pressing tc:.ino:,atur~, Cr~)m
)0-'-380'C Ly a r.
he f a -: L -1
tinuous inrrease cf the dijnerzsion oi 11
pr,z~oin~ -1-w.-ature foi, tii-, D16 alloy is "()"C. -an-, "h- ',7 c
b
360-tlO C; (d) ."Ientim- 4'or ir. Lath ~r n .3
air ,In I
(d), R e uc ~,,n -,I:e Z, ~.n F, n
tren
C j
31646
3/536/61/ooo/01~1-/Ool/oo~'
The effect of the ... D040/DI12
P.G. 'liklyayov and F.IC.B,,lllzov3kiy participated in the r!xperimonts. Tl~,,rt,
are 16 tablej, 21 f4~jri~res nnl 6 Soviet reforences.
I
11.
CPrd 9/5
31647
S/536/61/000/051/002/006
2 %10 14 1 D04O/D112
AUTHORS: Giatsintov, Tej., Stepnov, M.N., Kogayev, V.P.,
. . . . ............
TITLE- The fatigue behavior of an aluminum alloy used for helicopter
rotor blades
SOURCE: Moscow. Aviatsionnyy tokhnologiohejikiy institut. Trudy, no- 51,
1961, 39-66. Issledovaniya ustalosti i dlitellnoy staticheskoy
prochnosti alyminiyevykh splavov.
TEXT; The article describes an extensive exporimental investigation of the
fatigue behavior of avial used for the longerons of helicopter rotor blades.
Its chemical composition is (in %): 0.23 Cu, 0-99 Mg, 0.01 Mn, 0.34 Fe, 0.82
Si, 0-05 zn, 0.25 Cr, 0-05 Ti. Tests for fatigue during bending and alter-
nating tension and contraction, as well as for corrosion fatigue in fresh and
sea water were carried out with smooth and notched specimens and specimens
with circular incisions and holes. The stresses were applied both symmetri-
cally and asymmetrically. The test data were statistically processed, con-
Card 1/3
31647
3/536/61/000/051/002/006
The fatigue behavior ... D040/D112
fidenoo limits in fatigue ourven being plotted for different failure proba-
bilities. MYN-6000 (01-6000) banding test machines working at 6000 rpm were
used for the pure bending tests, and 6-ton pulsators with a frequency of 300
cps were used for the tension-oontraction tests. It is stated that the ob-
tained experimental data may help to determine the bearing capacity of the
longerons of helicopter rotor blades. Conclusions: (1) The tests of smooth
and notched specimens as well as corrosion fatigue tests have demonstrated
that the dispersion of life values increases upon a reduction of the stress.
(2) The durability limits and the sensitivity -to stress concentration
decrease noticeably upon decreasing probability of failure. (3) The fatigut
tests have reve&led a sharp reduction of the life and the fatipue limits
under the continual effect of a corrosive medium. (4) The dispersion of the
fatigue properties decreases when the corrosivoneeD of the medium and the
concentration of stresses are increased. (5) 'Xhe investigated alloy is
highly sensitive to asymmetry of the stress cycle. N.A. Borodin, F.K.
Ballzovskiy, I.I.Vetkin, M.I.Forstakiy and Z.U.Shnurov took part in the
investigation. R. Gauland, G.Neyber, I.A.0ding and S.Ye.Gurevich are
mentioned. There are 24 figures, 15 tables and 16 references- 12 Soviet and
Card 2/3
3160
S/536/61/0c'0/051/002/000'
The fatidue buhavior D040/DI12
4 non-Soviet-bloo. The two references to En-lish-lanbuage publications read,
as followa: Lazaii, R.J., and Blatherwick, A.A., Strength Properties of
Hollud Aluminum Alloys under Varioue Combinations of Alternating and Mean
Axial Fatigue Stresses, ASTM, 1953, Vol. 53; Jenson, H.T., The Elements of a
Rtlicupter Fatifue Zulhstuntiation Program, PtAti,-uu in )"ircraft Structures,
1956-
Card 3/3
3161,11
ILI C~ S/53 6/61/000/051/003/00~
D040/Dll2
A UTKAS GiatsinLov, Stepnov, Y.N. , Kogayev, V.1
I T L. E TKe ef f Po t -i I' i t r( c,) ike i-,i t ra f, j on on t lie f a t itup o, V~
MoB(.ow. Aviatsionnyl tekhnologicheokiy institut. Trudy, no. 51 19~1
67-73- Iseledovaniya ustalosti i dlitallnoy etaticheakcy prcchno3t-i
alyumiriyevykh splavoy
TEXT: Examination of the effect of stress c(,neentration on the fatigue of
B 93(7c,,5) alumirum alloy, confirmed conclusions made previously fcr 45 qt.3el
(Re".1, Kogayev, V.P., I'Vestnik mashinostroyeniyal~, 1959, no.!), i.e. that
the diEpersion of the life values in fatigue tests decreases with increasing
ctresses, that the dispersion also decreases with rising stress concentr-iti~.-n
if the comparison is made at equal nominal stresses or at equal mean liveD.
but that there is no apparent dependence between the dispersion of the life
value-, and the level of the stress concentration, if the comparison is made
at equal maximun stresses in the concentration zone. The chamizal compvsitior-
of' the alloy is (in 1.75 Cu, 2.45 Mg, 0.32 Mn, M4 Fe, 0.22 Si. 6.41) Zn,
Card 1/3
31648
3/536/61/000/05111'00.3/006
The effect of stress ... DOWD112
OJk Gr, 0.07 Zr. Teat specimens were prepared from pressed metal of *nly
One heat. The testa consisted in torsional bending at 3000 Yoles Per min,;~-.t#,
';,,me r~f the spel-imens were notched vith nearly hyperbolical notch-es, ths
hype.-bcla was straightened by means of O.V.Uzbikta method and 4he their-'--
!:,ai strens s,,oncentration factors (OC~-) were calculated by Neyber's formuls~
T'.Iift obtained data are presented in a table and three
of the deviation of the liio 6:, tht
on the nominal stress , and cn'the maximum stress. Tbe :llr-.re- 5h-W a .3ha--l.,
an:-ea--:e of thip root-aean-square deiriation (-) of the J~
'arj4.~,L- 7..f till!
.)j-
S
~,,f cycles Ig W upnn an increase of the mear life cr upcn a de-iaa3i, of the
noltlznal stresses, but the effect of the nonuniformity of the t-t7esv-
bution in the zone of styesg concentration is not iefle-ted by "lie ~,Ir*79~
when the comparison isi made at equal maximum stresses, TbJ3 regll"I,ar~*,Y, Tt,-
Vealed in the tests of 45 steel and V95 aluminum all,j, may OCn81-!e,-P-b).)-
fa-114-tate the plotfiri; of compIcte fatiguo-probability curV83 and '.-ut the
riecesaa-,y experimental work by using the characterdstl~s olt+ained ,n
,qecimenq for estimating the probability of fallurs~ in --tr#tts con~ent-at.ion
LR PC t s .T! 1.9 pointed out that the formerly ampl,--~Pd of tnt
sen64~ canclasion i~3 madf, triat
Itivity factor is not entirely sorrect. The
Care 211'~
3164S
S/536/61/000/0511/005/006
The effect of stress D040/Dll,-,
A, d-Max d, 's the maxmum
.urther studies of tho dependence of dr_l 1:iaN
stress in the stress concentration zone and dr-I the endurance limi- -r the
stress gradients and absolute dimensions in 1:.cht alloys will lsxad to more
accurate strength calculation methods for nt,,Ichine :,art-,. I'licre -are. figaies,
3 tables and 4 Soviet references.
Card 3/3
GIATSINTOV, Ye,V.; STUNCV, M,11,; KOGAYEV, V.P.
Fatigue Froperties of aluminum alloys used for helicopter
blades. Trudy 14ATI no.51:39-66 I&L, (MIRA 15:1)
(Alumimm. alloya-FaTigue)
(Helicopters-Rotors)
prl~TsLEN OV. yrV(FN1 V)9~k1V71/V0vZH
PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/6290
3erensen, Sergey Vladimirovich, TYevgetiy Valentinovich Gi"-tsintov,
Vladimir Petrovich Kogayev, a_na_ftZ_aT1_Y1kT"VTc-h-3Fe_pnov
Konstruktotonnaya prochnost' aviatsionnykh splavov (structural
Strength of Aircraft Alloys Used in Aviation Engineering).
Moscow, Oborogiz; 1962. 100 p. (Series: Moscow. Aviats-
ionnyy tekhnologichaskiy institut. Trudy, vy~- 54). 2100 copies
printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Ninisterstvo vysshego, i srednego spetsiallnogo
obrazovaniya "?SR. Moskov skiy aviatsionny tekhnologicheskiy
institut.
Ed.: B. V. Zakavskiy, Candidate of Technical Sciences; Ed. of
Publishing House: B. V. Zdalavksiy; Tech. Ed.: A. Ya. Novik;
Managing Ed.3 A. S. Zaymovskaya, Engineer.
PURPOSE: The book is intended for scientific research workers, as
well as for design and process engineers working in various
branches of the machine-building industry using light alloys.
Card
StructuralStrength of Aircraft (Cont.) SOV/6290
COVERAM Results of fatigue tests of aluminum alloys used for
mainufacturing rotor blades of helicopters are presented. The
effect of the state of the surface layer, corrosive media,
dimensions, and certain coatings on fatigue resistance Is
discussed, along with experimental data which may be used for
determining the carrying capacity of structures. F. K. Bal'zoviAtly,
N. A. Borodin, I. I. Vetkin, and a. T. Ivanov took part In the
experimntal work. The authors express their thanks to M. I.
Poretskiy and Z. Ye. Shnurov for their assistance. There are
41 references,. 19 Soviet, 12 English, 9 German, and 1 French.
TABLE OF CONTE1(T3-.
Introduction 3
Ch. I. Factors Affecting the Fatigue Resistance of Aluminum-
Alloy Parts (Review of Literature) 5
1. Effect of the state of the surface, the surface
layer, and corrosion on fatigue resistance 7
Card 2/4.;1-
ACCESSION NR: AT4044778 S/2536/64/000/061/0006/0018
AUTHOR: K09ayev, V. P., Giatainbov, Ye. V., Stepnov, M. N.
TITLE: Fatigue strength of AVT alloy and the scale factor
SOURCE: Moscow. Aviatsionny*y tokhnologichookiy institut, Trudy*, no. 61, 1964.
Konstruktsionnaya prochnoat' legkikh splavov i stalay (Structural strength of light alloys
and alloy steels ), 5-18
TOPIC TAGS: AVT alloy, aluminum alloy, alloy fatigue, fatigue strength, scale factor,
stress concenlyntion, i4atisticat strength theory, fatigue limit distribution
ABMIACT: Samples (if AVT alloy (diam, , 40 or 8 rinn: tensile strength 36. 4 kg/mmz
yi-Ad J)"Ant 33.5 Kr/11111-12, relative clongration 14. 21,W11 were fatigue tested (rotary bending,
'26 - 108 cycles, to - 19 kill/mm") to determine the eflects of absolute dimensions of
gample cross section on fatij,,11C 6t1-C11r7tl1. SWUSUL%111V PrOCCOMI results were plotted as
fatipc curves correoponding to Various faill1ro probabilities, as endurance distribution
funcLions in relation to sailij)IO diameter or i4ress lovel, or an fatigue limit distribution
functions in relation to sample diameter or number of cycles. Ration of primary signifi-
cance to principles governing tJ)o offects of the scale factor anti of stress concentrations
on andurmice (conoiderbig diapersion) are illustrated, a nomogram is evolved for detor-
Card
ACCESSION XR: AT404,1778
c-111ax/u in relation to d/G, P in % and the distribution function parameters
rn and u7,.,,, JP = failure probability, u = minimal strength threshold below which P = 0)
J the authorii prefient nuilleriCa.] calculationt, of strers concentration sensitivity. It is
concluded that t1lese basic ratios describe adequatc.1y tho effects of scale factor and stresa
oo;icent-ration on fatigue strength, considering dispersion of endurance characteristics.
Values found for m, u naid Z-C, can serve for the calculation of fatigue limits of actual parts
in relation to 11, and can therefore be used in fatigue catculations based on assumptions of
probability. Orig. axt. has- 3 tables, 9 graiiis, and 18 numbered formulas.
ASSOCIATION: Aviatsionny,*y tokhnologielieskiy inBtitut, Moi3cow (Institute of Aviation
Technology)
SUBMITTED: 00 ENCL: 00
SUB CODE: MM NO REF SOV: 006 OTIIER- 003
Card 2/2
ACCE8SION Nit: AT4044700 8/2636/64/000/061/0026/0037
AUTHOR: Borodin, N. A., Giatsintov, Ye. V., Kogayev, V. P. , Stepnov, M. N.
TITLE: Fatiguo strength of aluminum alloys during an asymmetric stress cycle
SOURCE! Moscow. Avintnionny*y tekhnologicheskiy inatitut. Trudy*, no. 61, IDG4.
Konstruldsionnaya prochnostl legkIkh splavov I staley (Structural strength of light alloys
and alloy steels), 26-37
TOPIC TAGS: aluminum alloy, alloy fatigue strength, asymmetric stress cycle, critical
v stress amplitude, mean stroess, endurance characteristic dispersad, mean alloy life,
alloy AVT, alloy AVG, alloy AVTI, alloy VD17, alloy AK4-1, alloy 24S-T4, alloy 14S-T6,
alloy 75S-T6
ABSTRACT: Expcrimentad data obtained by others were processed statisticall to analyze
y
the effects of an asymmetric stress cycle on fatigue strength of aluminum alloys. Results
for a group of ten alloys IV! cate that the latter are quite sensitive to cycle asymmetry, with
y.~ 0. 25 - 0. 4 for N 10 cycles. A sharper decrease In the peak stress amplitudes 0-.
accompanied low values of mean stresse M for a number of the tested alloys and y'
proved variable. The function ie, e-1 (I - em), where d. is tensile strength and id
UV
%Card- 1/2
A
ACCESSION NR: AT4044780
is stress amplitude, is evolved for approximate evaluations of U'a p for asymmetric cycles
when d m varies by 0 - 0. 3 from the tensile strength. Ilic factor Y-1 decreases as
endurance increases, down to 50% of its initial value when N increases from 104 to 107,
Dispersal of endurance characteristics increases for an asymmetric cycle as e a drops and
endurance increases. It is lower for the asymmetric than for the symmetric cycle at equal
absolute oa- Ile discrepancy in mean square deviation ~ decreases as 2a increases.
Dispersal Is nearly Identical at equal average endurance for either stress cycle, except
that it is somewhat lower for the symmetric cycle at high average endurance values. Orig.
art. has: 5 tables, 12 grapbs and 3 formulas.
.kSSOCIA770N.- Aviatsionny*y tekhnologichoskly Institut, Moscow (Institute of Aviation
rechnology)
;UBMrITED: 00
ENCL: 00
IUB CODE: MM NO REF SOV- 002 O711ER: 001
Card 2/2
ACCESSION NR. AT404785 S/2536/64/000/06 1 /00%10104
AUTHOR: Stepnov, M. N.; Glatsintov, Ye. V.; Kagayev, V. P.
TITLE: Resistance of alloyed Cr-NI-V steel to recurrent loads In the elastic-
plastic range
SOURCE: Moscow. Avlat.slonny*y tekhnologichaskly Institut. Trudrv, no. 61, 1964.
Konstruktsionnaya prochnost' legklkh splavov I staley (Structural strength of
light alloys and alloy steels), 86-104
TOPIC TAGS: alloy steel, martensitic steel, chromium nickel vanadium steel, re-
current load resistance, recurrent stress test, recurrent stress compression test,
recurrent bending test, pulsating recurrent stress cycle, plastic deformation
growth, hysteresis loop width, stainless steel
ABSTRACT: Samples of a martensitic ~r-1114 steel (yield point 59.3 and 51.9 kq1mm2
t
tensile strength 71.0 and 60.0 kg/mml at 20 and 325C, respectively) were subjected
to pulsating cycles of recurrent stress (7-10 cpm, asymmetry factor 0.1),
recurrent S rest-cression (7--10 cpm,9 - -08 to -1-0, deformation 0,30--
2 Xand re-
33.2~
1-5%, N - 4 --2 --59.0 kg/m. , Crmln = -17.8-54.8 kg/mm
current bending lioeelxyles duration 15-20 sec., N v 1000 cycles, max load 26.7 T
or 32 T for one sample, 29*3 T for another). The results Indicate that rupture
Card 1/2
"DridinF, Ir t1w
;-: ~j . " ! . 'I" , * ", , , , , ... "
3 1 ;A ~ .,
. ! , ; 1, 1 . .: -. - I , , ~ I
, .1i 1-.4 1.43 re ,) i . . , .
-]., 'A 'I. :: ~!. - ~ 1- J.-, I;t-*. .
~, I :j ~! 31 ' ~ 7 C 1.1;,"' 7 U , : -' ' :1. : -. r _ -J'~ f . _ .
Pl,
7' T
............
ACC MRs AT5021520 JD/WW SOURCR CODE: UR/2536165/DOO/062/0057/006
AUTHOR-- (Csioidats of technical sciences);.~~e
yr~ov, M. X. rj
(CaMidatelflTsPhnitiii, iciences)
ORO; Moscow ~~t4-01100hnojogy Institute .(Moalcovekiy aviatsionnyy tekhnologi(;5e8JY
indtitut)
TITLE: Study v4 the liml of SAM sintered aluminum powder
SOME: Moscow, Avi4stoanyy temjlpologich'~elskly institut. Trudy, no. 62, 1965.
Obr*botka davtonilem 14~tikh. splavov (Pressure working of light alloys), 57-66
T0?jC TACAS: OtLotered aluminum powder, fatigue test, metal cladding, corrosion
sheet metal, Oetol stress/ SAP-1 sintered aluminum powder
AIDSMM ThrOG tyPO0,;Qf specimens of SkP-l sintered aluminum powder were investi-
Igatiod with ros?O:t to their fatigue 11imit: flat bare sheets and flat Al-clad sheets
(be~,dinr, tests ~ ad cylindrical specimens cut ftom pressed strips (loading tests).
Vatigue tests Mvays i~061ve a coosiderable scatter of experimental findings owing
~to the statisOc4 nat4is, of thi;rocess of fatigue breakdown. Hence the authors em-
~loyiW a statUtical m4~hod of processing the findings on the fatigue tests of the
specimens. The;n4ture of this method was as follows: a curve of service life as a
function of proibdbilit~ of rupture for a given ttress is plotted on the basis of test
UDCt 669.716:539-434
64o.66
ACC'; Mki 415027920
i1ndlogs for a 6roup of, specimens at some stress level-To this end the experimental
#vd1bgs (numerical totols, of cyclea.until rupture) are ordered as follows
M, < JVj < JVj N I N,
The Orobability of rupoure is estimated according to the accumulated frequency
L_~4 AS
Aere n is the oober of specimens tested at a given stress level and i is the ordinal
numbeir of the c6rr*sponAAq9 OPYWon in progressively increasing series of cycle
totais. Tinding6i' the godit shbit4speciers of SAP-1 reduces the fatigue
limit in the ca'esof a #Orvice lif 0 N < 5-10 cycles when the probability p of
rupture is 50% ~rd in the case of ~ 14 < I.8-105 cycles when p - 5% (Fig. 1). if V >
> S-IDS cyclesi~~oh the 6thir hand, the service life of clad sheets virtually coin-
cides. with that'!,of uonaat eheeti,,(The fatigue limit of the cylindrical specimens
prove4 to be so#w~dmt 66:r.) Thua's ~ cladding sharply reduces the scatter of points
Ott the curve of 40tvicwjifei, The .~ddditioaally porforised corrosion-fatigue tests in
fresh'~wster sh~ I that Iho rolstiOt corrosion resistance of SAY is extremely high,
T~e decrease In 10tigue 1U*it as a function of stress (Fig. 2) owing to the corro-
2/5
Lsord
IV*
Fit. 1. bliltigue curves
,.*Opecimens
nonclad specimns
card 3/5
L 15
ACC NR, ATS027920
life Irom
0ivo affect 0i ots ter $we Napa 2 kg/s=2 *"r the interval -3f service
N 5-105 to 5o 10 oiyclem. orig. art, has: 2 forwdsa, 5 tables, 11 Uprose
~FMCMi 110AV Gft!~MM n=n/ MW IUW.- 000/ OTH~RV- 000
AI
k,41ATSIXTOVA.. K. V".
Improving the quality of connentrates. TSvet. met- 33 no-9;77-78
3 060, (MIRA 13:10)
1. Karamazarskly rudalks
(Ore dressing)
GIRSINTOVA. LA,
live year application of bar splints in amphodontosts. Stomatologlia
n0,4:43-46 Jl-A,9 154, MU 7:9)
1. Is kafedry ortopedichookoy stomatologii (zav. prof. Y.Tu.lurlyand-
skiy) Mookovskogo meditsinskogo stomatologicheekogo institute. (dire
doteent Me Beletakiy) i UpiOMIya (nachallnik prof. A.M.Markov)
MinIsterstva sdravookhranentya SSSR.
(PNRIODONTIIXO diseases,
there, splinting)
GIATSINTOVA, P.P.
Method for detecting iodine in biological material. Izv. AN Kir.
SSR. Sor. biol. nauk 2 no.6:95-99 160. (MIRA 14:6)
(IODINE-4MYSIS)
GIATSINTOVA, P.P.
Some characteristics of iodine metabolism in different forms of
endende goitere Sovezdrav.Kir, no.2832-34 Mr-Ap 163, (MIRA 1615)
1. 1z laboratorii endemicheskikh zabolovaniy (naAcbnyy rukovo-
ditell - Prof. I.K. J&bunabayev) Instituta Mrayevoy meditsiny
(dir. - 144. Aliyev) AN Kirgizakoy SSR,
(IODIVE METABOLISM) (KnMIZISTAN-GOITE:R)
KHRUSTALEV, A.A.; AIZKSANDROVAt N.N.; GIAUT-OVA, --- AJ-.
Foading of miners in the mines. Vop. pit. 19 no.3315-17 My-Je
,60. (MIRA 1493)
1. Iz kafedry gigiyeny pitaniya (zav. - prof. A.A.Khrustalev) I
Mookovskogo ordens. Lanina meditainakogo instituta ineni I.M.
Sechonova i sanitaxnD-apidemiologicheskoy stantaii. Shchakinakogo
rayona Tullskoy oblasti.
(CCAL MINEld-DISEASIZ AVD HYGIM) (NUTRITION)
GIBADULIN F.A.
- -----------
Compensatory hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. Biul.ekop.biol.1
med. 54 no.7:84-M J1 t62. (MIRA 15:11)
1. Is Uboratorii root& i razvitiya (zav. - prof. L.D.Liozner)
Instituta eksperimentgllnoy biologii (cir. - prof. I.N.Mayskiy)
AM SSSR, Moskva. Predstavlena, deystvitellnym chlenom ANN SSSR
N.N.Zhukovyx-Vere%hnikovym. (THYPOID GLAND)
GIBAPV,WI..A,,At,;, BELOUSOV, L.V.; SHABADASH, A.L.; YEPIFANOVA, 0.1.;
CMIV,&A, I.A.; ZALETAYEVA, T.A.; TIPOMIROV, V.N.
Brief naws. Biul. MIP. Otd. biol. 69 no.1:145-156 Ja-F 164.
(MIRA 17W
GIBADUl"Ifif 11.4.
Roo Lvri; t,vc r:r,r;,!iises in the thyro'd gland following
Imly MOIP. Otd. 14ol. .171,2:-55 164.
(MIRA 18;1)
1. Lab.-, rp.?. p., roota i ra2vit!ya Ins'..Itu*,a eknp9-1rLmen'.a'-0ricy
,"I cg ~ , It %
l.)- . 11,11
b
L 46646-66 EWTI
FACC
(T ijp(c) 0
NRI AR6021267 (A SOURCE COM UR/0081/66/000/004/3006/sOO6
'AUTHOR: Mysechenkovp V. A.; Gibadullin, L, A.
ITLE: Thermomachanical investigations of a series of mjLhj1 9
etbacrylat copolymers
l
SOURCE: Ref zh. Kbim, Part II, Abs. 031
REF SOURCE: Tr. Kazonsk. kbim.-tekbnolt in-too vyp. 33, 1964# 259-262
TOPIC TAGS! metbacrylate plastic, thermal decomposition, beat property,
copolymer, methylmethaorylate
ABSTRACT: The relationship between the glass temperature T and yield
,Point T and the composition of a series of copolymers of m9thyl
~nethacr5lqte and methacrylic scidl(I) containing up to 20 mol of the
lsecond componetit was examined theimomechanically. It was established
i
!that T and T increase linearly as the content of I increases, while
the regge of The highly elastic state remains almost constant. T for
pure polymethylmethacrylate was calculated (3700) assuminS additi;eness
of the contribution of I as Its content is further increases. Direct
evaluation of this value Is impossible because of the low decomposition
t8MDeratura of polymethylmethoorylots. Additions of up to 1% lithium
L 46646.r66
ACC NR. AR6021267
i'and potassium in the m9thacrylath
:characteristics of the
!that t~e new component
;molecular weights Yu#
1
SUB CODE: 11$ 20
system hardly change the
given copolymer; this unequivocally indicates
does not cause significant changes in its
Panove - 0
ZTranalation of abstra 9.
GIBADULLINA, H.S. (Kassm').
Chlorona dia&mosed during lifetims. Klin.med. 31 no,3:83-84 )(r '53.
(MLRA 6:5)
(Tumors)
GI BA"y 1(;!i H.
". --- -
*~ w orgaijisational forms for the constructioi. a -z uaititenance
0 rural roads. Avt.dor. 23 no.11:8-10 NOW. 'khIW- 13: 11)
~. Varballnik Zal,oroshokogo oblupravtoshosdora.
(Zaporosblye Province-Road conatruction)
(Collective farms--Interfarm cooperation)
POMM/Magmetism, &jxrlmental Methods of Magnetism F-2
Abs Jour : Ref i2iur - Fizika, No 5, 1958, No 10779
Author : Malecki, J., Surma M., Xsibalewicz, J.
Inst : Adam Michiowich UaiversitY_,7FO_Z_W_n_,TO_9nd
Title : Measurement of the Intensity of Transient Magnetic Fields by
the Yaraday hYfect.
Orig Pub : Acts phys. polon., 1957, 16, No 1-2, 151-156
Abstract : Pulsed magnetic fields were obtained by discharging a bank
of capacitors through a coil. The magneto-optical Faraday
effect was used to measure the intensity of the pulsed mag-
netic fields. A change in the intensity of light, due to
the rotation of the plsae of polarization, was determined by
means of a photomultiplier and a cathode ray oscillograph.
Magnetic fields up to 100,000 oersteds were measured. The
optical media employed were CS2, CC14, and H20'
Card 1/1
;' Di T ~ - "
111. ~ 4%~ .,t, , ~.
ff~ of i,i.(! i"A i'-214 vroducvd Lin ;'iii-',#,. .p. 11.
I i
. Po2skicl, i Teri,ni.k(w
lQmcr~vw&, oI. IL, No. 21,
Mcnthl~ IdEt cl* Emit -,.iircj-wkui accession 6.~,J-;), 1,('. "'u-2. ' , 'c. Q Septcrnl~er,
191 ~ . ','-I C.1 .
(IMAIAN, G;.P.t kand. toki,l;. lltlll~
-.-I.- ................ ....
116fiv t'li-hine of sh'I"I" by F.'I.Robro"'. b-. G.P.
13--' wi, o;. 'k~j l.ka I ' i-,o.(., I')) .- I ,
A I tp:s,
I ~ ('' ~ -, ~!
i
ALIMARIN. 0 14~1.
Rodiametric titration. Zxv.lab.21 no.1:1022-1027 155. (KW 9:1)
I.Mor,kwakiy gosudaretmW univervitet.
(Volumetric analysis)
16
MYAVSXLTA,T.A.-, 31BALO.I.M.
MQU,ontitative analysis." V.N.Alaheov. Reviewed by T.A.Beliarskaia,
I.M.Gibalo. Zav.lab.21 no-7:884-885 '55. (HIMA 8:10)
1. Kafedrn analitichaskoy khimii Hookovskogo gosudarstvannogo
universiteta.
(Chemistry, Analytic--Quentitative)
ji:
. . ........
iol:
~.jjjjj
I.z
iA
OR, 11
a ! ~~,4 L r, I.) v;,
, I
TOPCHITZYA, X.V.; PBSUOTA. V-M.; SHMOTA, Z.F.; ALIMARIN, I.P.; NOVOSBWTA,
A.T.; SPITSYN, V.I.; LUTSBNXO, IJ.; GIRASIMOV, Ta.I.; NESKIYANOV.
A,N.; T31HANTITIV, A.P.; PMAPOV, VA; Gll~~ ~11,
-woo'
I.&. Prrhevallekii; obLtuary. That. Moak. un. Ser. mt. makh., aotron.,
fis., khim. 11 no.2r205-207 156. (MIRA 10f12)
(Prihavallskil, livganit Stepanovich, 1879-1956)
USSWAnalytical Chomistry Ck~n,~rO. 4j,,teations G-1
Abs Jour : &'-,Terat 4hur - Khimiya, no 3, 1957, 8369
--uthor :Alivirin, I. P. and Gibalo,
Ilia t Moccoti Univerajty
Title The Application o4'' Comple% Forontion In the Separation and
Detercdnatlon. of Elements by Extrac-.ion.
Orig 11~ib Vastn. Wok. un-ta, 195b/iNo 5, 55-59
Abstract Acetylacetorie (I) and Discdium the thyl-,~nediarmoni =te traace -
tate (11) Corm complexes o~' vLkrying stabilitj with various
elements. The acetylacQt~)natvs In zontrast to the complexo-
n,Ites tLre- easily extracted by organic solvents, such as CC14-
The behavior oi' the acetylac3to-nateB oi' Fe, Be, Cd, Co, Ni,
tin, Cu, Fb, and Zn during extraction with CC14 in the presence
oi~ II has bean investigo,tea. &, is completely extracted with
CC14 at pH 9. For the sejxLration o2 Be from Fe, 5 ml of a
15% solution of 1, 1 ml of 0-05M solution of 11, 2 drops of
conc. NH40R, and 'j ml 01' CC14 arc added to 1~ ml of a solu-
tiun (plff P-3) contuining 'L'S04 and FeC13 in a separatok-y Tun-
nal. The mixture is shaken ~or i~ive minutes and the organic
plxaqe is saparatedi the extraction is repeated a second time,
Card 1/2 -6.
Category: USNVAnalytical Chemistry - Gener&i Questions. G-1
Abe Jour: Referat Zhur-Khimiya, No 9, 1957, 30939
Author : Alimarin I. P., Gibalo 1. Me
Inst : Aca4jemy of Sciences USS7
Title : Extraction of the Cupfeibnates of Niobium, Tantalum and
Titanium.
Orig Pub: Dokl- AN SM, 1956, 109, No 6, 1137--U39
Abstract: XTeriments with fib have shovn that n-cupferonate (o.6-o-9
mg/iil NbaO.O is extracted most coWletely, from solutions in 2$
azwnium axalate, turtrate and citrate, HCI and HASOf acidified
vith HC1, by means of chloroform) ethyl acetate, ether and iso-
butyric aldehyde (amount of the organic solvent 2 ml, volume of
aqueous phase 13.5 ml). Alkali metals, NH,~"', 190;, SO.,' and
increase of tenperature up to 25-300 do not affect the extent of
extraction. By analogous experiments it was shown that the Ta-
cupferonate is readily extracted by organic solvents from acid
solutions.. A study has been made of the extraction of the cupfer-
cam 112 -16-
I~s
ti
lik,
GIRAW, I. MI, SIROITTNA, I. A. and AMMARIN, L. P., state uni~v in m. V.
U)lWlIOG3V; Irst A, 11,;q?odlemistry and Aiial~tlcu-7 T. Vernadskfy ~S
USSR,)
T:~mlli lon i:,f' R re Elemonts,"
f
i'-ad Id
AUTHORS. G*'-1qQi.-), I.E. , Byr' ko, V.M. 32-3-11/5,'
TITLE! The Radiometric Titration of Zinc and Cadmium With Potassium
Ferril-yanide (Radiometricheskoye titrovaniye tsinka i kadmiya
f errots lanidom kaliya)
EMIOD'ACAL: Zwclshaya Ln'borntnriv%, 1958, Vol. 24, Nr 3, pp. 2811-283 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A titmtiou method was worked out in which potassium ferrocyanide
--'rlth Fe-59 is used as a reagent and samples can be taken during
I
titmtior, the actizity of which is determined. 'dork was carried
~)u,t Ln a inedium of sulfuric acid (1-2n) and a maximum error limit
of 12.f~,4 was determined. In order to accelerate determination
( to 10--Ir, mirrates) only two activities are determined and the re.-
--;u2t fs c~almjlated according to e. given formula- In the titration
x' it i= observed that there must be a surplus of
potassl,= salt. From a sample oontaininj both cadmium and zinc
the :ILUP IMS determincd titrimetrioally with potassium ferrocyanide
(vllt~l Fe-59) , with a surplus of potassium sulfate, after -ffiich the
ctidmium vnis precipitated -elth,~-naphtoquinoline, and zinc was de-
.'rn-iir-l in the fil-trate. Th,! cadmium vas then (,omputed from the
Th,! RnE.,-..Y!.ptrlz Ti4ration of Zirc nnd Cadmium With
Fer:'icyanide
32-3-11/52
I, I' fercnoe. There Rre 3 lulaj 5 refel--tlces 5 of Alich are
rjlavi~~.
ASSOCLM011- hoscow State University imen.' Y.V. Lccionosov (Iloskovskiy
g~>:-,u,3a.rstv-!-inyy universitet im. V,.V. Lomonosova)
AVAILABLE; LLbrary of Congres.,3
1. Zinc-Mtration 2. Cadmiuit-Titration 3. Potassium ferricyanide-
Applications
CarJ1 Z/2
ALIMAJOI, I.P.; GIBAW, I.M.; THIN' GUAN-MUN [Chlin l.u.,.i,l,-Juiig]
Separation of niobium and tantalum from titwiim and iron by
the cizomatographic mathod. lzv.vy,9.uchob.z,-,v.;khim.i khin..tekh.
5 no.3:374-377 1620 (,JRA 15:7)
1. Illookavokiy goBudarstvannyy univerz;itet imeni Lwlonooova,
kafedza analitichoskoy kldmii.
(Moblim) (TantalUlln)
(Ion excham,-e reuins)
B,o6,,'B ~o'
, I
A 77 T tic, R3 A'.,-,mari n, I F ,'Yibai(- I It and Ch'.n K,ian,-Jj-unj7
~!etera:i.nata~,n by tht. inot~.,-~: of 4"~fv-r t, a'
F:~R--.OD', AL analiticheskoy khimii v "i i, c~ ' '9621, 60-6ij
T --" ): 'A' .Nio~,Junj -n liydrocchloric acid med2um was Jetermirled by d, fferenta!ij
s,: c- r o p h o t --, tv. eAcccrding to published data, niobi~~n in concentrated
C1
nylrush-'oric forms the compound B[Nb',011), I whc:se absorpt~.cn
1~ 4 1 '
Mrixia'.1r, at 28, mp Spec tropho tome t. rit; utud-.f~s that real.
a---J :;olutions of niobium are pr,~pared -e,-,th d:fficulty. and
.,'-'y ~n the presence of tantalum Tc pr-,P-re real n~obi-;m
ME C S = L . -
u---d so.lut'.4ons, a weighed port.ion of ~ur- N't 205 'ov as
1: 1 as 4 1 um py ro - 9u I f at P. Th-~, :,, 1,1 m t~', * o; q q 1, s s c~: ve i '. ii
tE-ar--z ai~,d s-'Iut,.on. anti the solution mixed with -,on,~ent rated hyarc-
L "I ~i- I The light absorption of this h,,-droch'-cr-' : a~-.d solut.Jon was
an Cj, spe:!trophotc-moter Comp-1, ex ncb.,um z-h' crl-dp,
S'/0'7:%',"F
mj t-m n -,i t D n b ; the
tj IN't (Oli" 2c xa..; formed with high 2hlor-,ne ion ~-cnc.,nt r%*-un in ao.
r. C. 4 1 ..~.I Maulm,~m density of the aolut~ --.ns
N L : C, c r
I t a ~i a f zi~ c: r ' N HCI. or in .1 N HCI
N 0 1 Turtar*.2 acA and small amou%ts -f su"'Rte ions dc)
n~~t -iffto' t 1.!.(t I'LCht absorption The solutions of the complex -ire stab'.e
o - un-1-mi ed period an] follow Beer'3 law in the range
f C: i S '0 :)f Nb 2 cj'~ m I The apparent molar abs~~rpt:cn :oeffilcient
'"e va...,E. of 9COO IrDn. molybden-i~-.. titaniur. (anJ. -~ a sma~--
~-I.t . als) disturb the niobium Jeterminati~-n de3cribed. S m it 11
s t ~~tana 11r. Nb 0, : TiO ' 14 an,; iron :Nb O~ : Fe,O . 46
2 2 2
~i.s w;- . 1 as tantalum lip to a rat-to Nb 2 0') Ts 20' 5 do not affec,.
~,f d~--:;rmination Z,-r-cn,urr, tungslt-r,, .:i%; -are earths have
11,: -J'fe!~- ~n the determnation The nioni~.m let t-rmi-natior b
was, in princip:e. car.-ied 0~',t ac-crding to
Ila t a R e fs see below; Ref 4: Dobk,,na,
j s k
Anai C h- -m 3 t N C,
C1~' Sc.-.'Zqz
S,t75/62/0 -. 7,!O0 '/CO 1/005
iet-~raiination by the BIC6,'B'O-
:-)n:e-it.-at"or. in the solt:tion to te analyzed was 0 ~'12-0 4-120 mg,'2, ml
Thf? meth,-~d was used for determinint~ niobium in thre(~ alloys with a majo,-
6.m-.~r-t ~)f nx,-,b--m, 5-30 ',~ tantalum and mincr amounts of 41:tanium and
%n. "ne ii~.igh-i pc-r'ion 4
of al loy w as di. s,-~ o'. v ed ' n ar. HF H 250 4
M . X TL,! i:~ I a. ~,:n was fumtA off 2. - ~ timo-, 'A it!, 91,11 ar; d. and thc~
7-~ :HI at, 800-9000C T,;(-- resu' ting ox~,des aere d,~Tom-osed gi. 'h
p:)Iassium pyro- su. fate , After coolinC, the melt was d' ss,:.ve~ in 20
lav'ari~ acH and mixei with concentrated hydroch'oric acid An aliquoz
thi~~, 9c;'utIcn was diluted tith 10 N IiCI arid tavtari, acid,
II.'-I "Ien b~ differential spectrophotom"try Tne standard
d 0 ! 7 2 - 0 16 2 mE, o f
w,,, s 1)7~ pi re-I , n a Sim i I a r way ; i t c on tai ne d
0~1'2- ml The niotcum content of the samile was determined from a
.-.brat~.c,i -:urve, and calculated from the formula C C- - FD ~C
'.I- -ntr,9*,ion in the solution to be ana"yzed; C niobium concentrar
2 n th-~ F;I andard soluti on; F - &C//D; AC = C, Ttiu rusults were
-omp,,red w,-,',, results of gravimetric determinat.
n- The differential
m e t i. s no 1" supe-t,ior in accuracy to the gravimetr:c metl-xd but reduces
Card '4
S/07;~/ b2"V' /0o' "'0021
N I' C,b do?,~rm'. a at i on by the.. B 106,B 10~
thfl~ fl,r the analysis to '/4 - Th4? err-~r of the nicbiu-m
des rihol --s :t 0.2-0 There are firlres: 4 tatles.
anij 6 rt.,fereno,~s. Soviet and ') non-Soviet The thret~ most re-ent
ref-:rpnces to Engli:-h ianeuaF,.- publications rpad as folllcws: Ref. 1:
Blw'ks C V , B-.irke B E Laugh:1n J "lo , Thompson J A , Anal. Chem,
995 (19~7). Ref. 3: Susano C D., Menis 0. Talbott C K. Anal.
Ch-?m H, 10712 (19.56); Majumdar A K Mukherjee A K- Analyt. Chim
A,,,, - ti - ~? 23 (19~,B)
ASSOCIATION~ Mc5koysk.',,- j~osadarstvennyy un.-vers-,te- im M V Lomcnc'sova
~Yicsc~t)w State University imeni M V Lomonc'90v)
S','13Y I TTS;'D: 24' 196'
C;.rd 41'.
, Al 00, st
A.
re
to
H rep,--
%%I 101':.tbef
one
i~ ihe'40
A or W1141up i
1 0" V, lip brought At
-normil KOH4cl 106
4.4%'
4c1 to
AA .
-.N, dw
51
14"
On
s aft mat If a amk~'
Icho0o'' khJ W I
t r*'14 I
OM
i If, ~j k Ail
4 16. ri It
fq~
~Jil 1 di
. . . . . . . . . . .
41
777-7
Tim.,
to
't i T,
I ro"at 4 .00
ti~ --Q
prldluldW
Loot kaynt, j Olimil'or,
Alby
a; of the
tot
MR
]M'MK and ll"ltulli~,
JL
d**8 not
% I W.
IMM4".pmmxv Voir
t map *home 14M magly
tl k
M,
v
AaadmW bf
k no
ytia. t' to
auable, arAl.
(N& D*) +a1w
deavatives- thU
V 4malm
lift) I
1.4 r6agant that is are
been Used for thev
00* by the preatA i 4%
0" or the
0
6f. tU rose- t'b
ifith
(Nb -PM) ii-000ti
$09d in the to= df ai:*~
Ions 'Inet S+r' a` t
he' Presence of acieftis
v""& to be the best w- I"' =~
ad4ity of solution is,
OtOt LM* X. V. Lomonosova ("CO14-
i SUMITTEDs Javiuary 22jIM:
.1
AccEsmom NR.. APW33643 8/00T5/64/O19/OOh/0467/0V$
AMOR: Oibaao,, 1. M*; Alimarim, 1. Pe) Davasdorzh,, Po
I'TITM. Separation of aidbim fna-tentelm " titanima by extraction vith
i amonius pyrramizedi
SO=: Mum& analiticheskoy kblmdi,, ve 19 . no 6 4,, lg&,, ' 467 469
TOPIC TAGS: nidbium aaalymis# tentalm,, titgAimp extraction, pumim..
pyMjjAjn8djtbjoQaXbsftt0
i'AMUCT: Tba article describes the possibility of Bepamting niobim frm tants-
i I
I= and titanim by tbt wdractim of niabium pyMlidinm1ithiocatamate (PMC) - In
veakly acidi* as well as In concentmted Id. For cbecking tbe
efficiency =awndftaii I
of extraction., use vu no" of I The experiments have
shoun that in umkmim *estate buffer (qH -- 5) Ta. does not react with N04M
either in purepoluticam or In the prdsence of niabium. The XbPDTC is satisfactoA
extracted with ablmfozm In the prosence of tant4m up to the ratio
0
~ 2 jiTat;6z ltl*5. At a hiftbe content of taetLUn It is not possible to obtain
J
U in Concentrated
:quan a sm (so) the wftwum is analopuse
GIBALOs I. H.
The Second All-Union Conference on the Preparation and Analysis of
_g.-,-Purit~ Elements, held on 24-28 December 1963 at Gorky State Uni-
v,!rsity im. N. 1. Lobachevskly, was sponsored by the Institute of Chemi-
stry of the Gorky State University, the Physicochemical and Technological
Department for Inorganic Materials of the Academy of Sciences USSR, and
the Gorky Section of the AH-Union Chemical Society im. D. 1. Mendeleyev.
The opening address was made by Academician N. M. Zhavoronkov. Some
90 papers were preaented, among them the following: I
I. P. Alimartn, 1. M. Gibalo, A. P. Golovina, and Yu. A. Mittsell.
Determination of Ta in W_Oh~-PM silicon (up to 0'.05 micr~jrams .. of- T.a.205
in 2 9 Siod by an extraction- luminesce nc e method.
9/ Mn - 6 f6 'K /C 77-
ACC NM AFtU1-949J SOMM 00DEt LM/0075/66/0211006/0718/0728
AUTHORs I-Gib40-i..I-- j
ORGt Moid-WME-FITHWiffil (Moskovaiij gooudarnAVennyy u
TITLE: Determination of Impurities I
n4igh-purityPhiobiumLind tantalum
SOURCE: Zhurnal analitichookoy Wall, v. 2a, no. 6P-19b6o 718-728
TOPIC TAGS: n1obium# tantalum# flamep photometry, crystal impurity, niobium alloy,
tantalum alloy, trace analysis, impurity contort spectrophotometric analysis, apoo-
trometry, polarographie analysis
ABSTAACTz Hethods for determining impurities in high-purity n1obim and tantalum were
revieved. Direct determination of traces of impurities (10 10 %) Is, in most case
impossible and requi"s their concentration by such methods as extraction, coprecip -
t&tion of distillation. In some Instances# Impurities in niobium, tantalum, and
niobium, or tantalum pentoxides can be determined by spectrophotmetry orospectrometry.
The sensitivity of these methods can be improved by combining them with chemical
methods. Brief data on the direct determination of impurities by the spectrophotemstr
method and on the determination of impurities by the spectroscopic and combined speo-
troscopie and chemical methods are given in the form of tables. Among other methods
for determining Impurities in high-purity n1oblum and tantalum, the following are
briefly reviewed: polarographio determination of Pbp Sn, Cd, and Can in niobium and
niobium alloyal determination of tantalum impurities in niobium and Nb2O'; by radioac-
tivation analysis; determination of alakli metals by flame photometry. In conclusiono
-methods for deterning nonmetallic impurities (su-1furp carbon and phosphorus) and gases
(oxygen, hydrogen, aro nitrogen) in ni bium and tantalum are briefly revievad, Orig.
art. hne 3 tables. LUD PRESS: 5015_0
SUB C019t Up07/ SUBM DATEt 27jul65/ ORIG REFt 060/ OTH REF-. 027
Card I /I at UDCa 543.70
11 3 1:,. )/Ewll ~' V ) "17up (k hUT-
AcCOV, AP6029o66 SOURCE CODE: UR10413166looololislOl.-210122'
INVkMOR: Filonov, S. P. Khakharev,
Gibalov, A. I.; Chugunov, V. K.; MaB V
G
ORG: none
TITLE: Device for transferring gas of a free-piston generator. Class 46, No. 184065
/announced by Lypnsk Order of Lenin D esel Locomotive Building Plant im. October
Ifevol jiM (Lu- iWfj zavoaT7-'---'
Lenina teplovozostroitellnyy---
gan or
SOURCE: Izobret prom obraz tov zn, no. 14, 1966, 122
TOPIC TAGS: free piston generator, gas generator, pipeline, pneumatic servomechanisms
valve, piston engine 1,
ABSTRACT: The proposed device for the transfer of gas from a free piston generator
(operating in a group of generators on a common gas pipeline) exhaust to the gas
pipeline inlet contains atmospheric and main valves. In order to automate the gas
transfer, the values are equipped with pjumatic servo drives, interlocked with a
slide valve, controlling the main val y a servodrive, and rigidly connected with
the servodrive of atmospheric va3ve whi-ch receives a command signal from a electro-
pneumatic valve (see Fig. 1). In a modified version of the above-described device,
Card 112 UDC:-621.432.9-129-31-577
L 47373-66
6 ' 'el
N
ki AP 02900)
FIJ
to
atmosphere.-
compressed,
Fig. 1. Gas transfer device
air
air
f rom 1 - Atmospheric valve; 2 - main valve;
d shpel~ 3 - servodrive of the atmospheric-valvai-
4 4 - servodrive of the main valve;
to 5 - slide valve; 6 - electropneumatic
urbine vabre.
the servodrive of atmospheric valve was equipped with a damper in order to ensure
gradual charging of the generator during the transfer of gas. Orig. art. has:
1 figure. [AV]
SUB COrE:1*IIYdizUBM DATE: 15Mar65/
r-
2/2 mjs
W-6 WwAk.
I pi
00* rVR/0229/66/0 1/0
Wo 0~
:10
~JtqtqbpX Revolution (Lugdia~kiO
6, i4xite ~iljton psif ieks for river: a
41:J
lvo 34
n gas turbine a ins
Toto
'A stam4turbinal Dla,
desi~Aed and .-Asn
ea, by, the seen 13
'16 "low onsisted of two 990-Ir
yet
1A
t to vatol 'Ott a Wme Irree piston Poitiers of
tonolve
ILA
A oa* t.V' 1850 hp
ftt A! 6~s r iity (;~rmkrl) 2035 hp
0apA
at d ~ papit y -I bal4wardl 640 hp
nit il-JInal, 10
195 g7hp-hr
Re 300 rpm
PA. 0 ISO rnm
.32
it 16
car
36 ton
VA t i ld lobs punt
19.5 kg/hp
M 621#431#74t621AM ...j
1/3
No
L 1
010" 77,77";
.
4ats on
5
O Vie are: Sliven, below:
to 280 mm
* .111", 11 750 mm
Et
0 375 mm
31.5
4 1
OW
,1 4,
20t
5k4/8(1 4a
Oli
Av 8.9 M/600
tic) Br)o hp
935 h
A' , me, p
Gas
0i 0
' 4.5 atm
2.3 kg/se
ii A
490 0
bf:
ISO 735 oyoli
JL52 g7hp-hV
6
5
41
.
7
4000 x 1500 x 2300 mm
J, 6000 kg
MIS
bow
fi,
j:
1 tim conowing ratings:
925 hy
If
320 hp
forward) 9000 hp
78e5 %
9000 k,9
4018 2 2550 x 2616 m
he ifuel ot t 61. mart U d The lubrioants vvere of
irs
12-5 he, d t4ind ops-riatioA of turbines and gasiff iers
*0 100064, r a o i6ationo-were ohm in two figunoo now
A
41A r".0,
so tho; ntions of fuel ant fog d
obtf pasumatio oyotes wwas 63xwp in-
is
btt I
4,06 Odor various operating 6
onUt
6 ions
s
Is rt 4o1 7 tigurome
3
ORIG hUs "000 OTH M. 000
Ocm:' am*
IAl
NARTCV, Igor' Mikhaylovich# insb.; BORISOV$ G.P., kand. takhn.nauk,
kand. takhn.nauk.. re-
taenzeyit; MOIMEV, A.I.p prof., nauchrryy red.; FOLYAKOV,
I.L.,red.; XONTOROVICH, A.I.# tekbia. red.
[English-Russian dictionary on gas turbine syatems; with a
supplementary alphabetical Index of Russian terms)Anglo-
rusakil, elovart po gazoturbinnym ustanovkam; s i-rilozheniem
alfavitnogo ukazatella rusekikh teminov. Leningrnd, 9ud-
proitgi2, 1962. 21L p. K[RA15:11)
(Oka turblnes-Dlctlonarles~
(English-language.-Dictionaries-itu3sian)
(Russian language-Dictionaries--English)
Y ,
- ~ I j
. ..I . ,y
I
~~ , I .
"Cemented u I un!. nurl Oxide, Its Uzisiv j,n)pr-M I es ,tzij iii ! I ic,,., I. ion" , I. . 33f
I V)I. 6, N~). 2, Fel . ',Annd)
SO: ~';,)rjt I,,] y T 'I -;t -) f A Co 7p~ -,j (ML) , IC , 'N - 4, ',.*,) - 5, 1,11aY 1955,
I . . 3 f , ,
Unol.
I -
I . I .. . i
I I
. I . I . . . - I . - I j
: . - . I I ~ ~ I . . . - . I I
, r
,JW)t T.
Influence of cementite liquation on quality of tools nanufactured
from high-speed steel* P. 57 MECHANIK Warszawa (Stowarzyszenie
Inmierow i techikow Polskich) Vol. 28, no. 2p February 1955
SOMCE: MU TL Vol- 5, no. 7. July 1956
POL~YD Chemical Technology. Ghemical ProCucts and 11-13
Their Application Cerani cs. Glass. Binding
-e
n c r
IYO
I
Abs Jour: "Ref Zlitir-I'Wraiya, 3, 195),
Author : Gibas$ T.
lrj--t : 77ot given
Title - A i,ethov of Icourir~g MnRe~oed '.otal OxiL'~es,
fur CeraiLographic -urpoces
Ori.c.- Pubt. liechanik, 1-c,57, 301 Fo 12"~ 541;
1
jibstract; The preparation of spocimens of metal
oxides by grinding, poliohing, and scouring of
the fractured surface is de5cribeC. For gr-Inding
011 C"'!:t-iron di,,k at 140 revolutions rer ir~inuto,
novdcr of 320, 600, and, 800 mesh In paraffin
POLA;'D Tcc' nc,1,7 iy. er ic-a' Procl-,~-cts ~~Il~
li 7.1 1
Tlic I r c~.t I ~7n,: .Cerp-:. ics
Ab,- Jour li~159# 11c, .10 N517.
'I'Amisz.
I i's t olv7n.
Tltlp P-tal Compounds . Part I .
CrIn Pu',: S~:i:!n J. ccrai,~.A 50,
Al C, tll~Js and t I I - s c N, i ri qoC, v c I _
i for combining cera-ilc~ bil, incans
(nr!hp!-,J0n), -inplications
-r- , R . -,. dh e~ s i c n of
0, cr-Aings a:-id use of cci ~rt- Fo I, , .
ccfL-,,,.iic heFds to bl. ~csy nluc:;p (~po-.,,; rcs
aid 'Itirrilditc" (3wf tzer 1-1,-~rc uscd, the stabi I-
f t f vl I i c h v a s c or n I P- t,. Is i i f', i c i , nt , r. t'k I C,
scctic,i 9nd comprisc3 (hri/cln2 ).- z,t ZOO 1 .9-5.3~
-t 1000 019-3.2.
(7ard 1/i1
172
0
POLAND / Chemical Technology. Chemical Products anci
Th---,ir Cer:-,nIcS.
fAbs Jour: qcT 1951P 1-o -1j, 121517.
Ai)~,trnct Cer-mic coatj ngs P11 vzrious !,c ca.,j be r)r)l, b~
th~'; ),,",~thod of !-.praylng, :~y filsion fjii!:-,~rsfen,
(1cnr?tIon ~,f ?,,e vapors (on the ccranic) -r thc
311itcring of t~'e poiiders in ri!-APA forim. (Al 203 ~
Zro? and ZrO2 (-.513' plus SiCI, patcnt,~o by
tvv,~ Anrican fir.,ins and. i~, u-d fcT applyinn T.)rc-
tective ceramic ccs-tinq~, (,.,-i dctall, of avlatIon
engin-2s and other objects.
In the ILISSR~ incthods nrc usr--d ,-,f cn~~t!n,~ ccrn: 1c
hlocl~s lith Cu or a perr.-Iloy (7,5'~', NI plus ~2.2-
"o) for the -nurnose (~f tiwir stibsc(iticnt sold,--rIng
to 1;-the-cutilng tools. k-n th, surfocc forr,~vs
a 1-.v,--r ol' CuzO mixed with a sclution cf
Card 2/tI
"herr..'cal Technolngy. Chcmic~! -ro(lucts sinr; P,
'li,~r
I I c at i o r. s . (: e r,-;~ cs
Ab3 Jrur: ~tn' 19 IP517.
Abstrnct: in tur!,cntiiv~ voll; aftcr 5-?
ni, Sinterinq nt 10i"P_11 ~" :,:I i~c n J,
s I c r y cc, a t in -)btai 'I'A .C o Z7 t i ill of
'I is ,
po-,~,rjcrs are well obtnined ~r, cm'i-mics i;~tn z 10",0'
g1:, ~s additive ( ir. the form of z-, paste in th~, sam-
solvcrits ) after s`ntcring -A -1150-10,500.
A s-rios -,f methods w,,,s d~valoncd f-r obtnining,
ccr'v.;.Ic coverings on !~ c or !.,c on c~,raEiics b~,., mean7,
OT rc-,-cing Ve c-mpovnds int.- a 9,iseous stacle, for
C;t 8 T.. ~t c 0 n t i n gon m~t;Allc Cr froir. Cr3.- on Cr,
on ~1. I;c,., fro~i C,11 Tf 1, 0:-. j
~O 1! f r o;.n, T f P
WSi; on an), Ve from A1,0 bv -c-)ns of thc inter-
3 , - '
r~?].,-Aion in th- nnseous nhli,., -A" .1ACI,! olus CO
Card 3/'1
33
t,,,jcT,jcr! Techn(.,Ioov. Chrmic-O Pro:~i,cts
Abs J)i-,r: li'lef Zhu r-K'li im iy-,,,f 1~,)5,)$ ',!o di IZ517.
C~bstr,-ct: nl-~s 'i - frr. SIO 1xi r:cans o-(' thc cf
Z, - 1. .2 ~ -
SiCilo. olus C02 Plus from ZrO, by rneans cf tha
M-.Ction ~,f ZrCl,, plus (-'C)., H,. -- S. ~.'71cbov.
ard -1,A
Tccllr'OIOLY, Chond cal rroducts and Theiv
d a
,),.uAcati on. Coran.'es . G) asa. Din i ng I htc~ri, 1S -
ConcrAu.
Ab3 Jcur: Mur-lliin., No 10: 1~59, 35661.
'uLlIor : Gibas, T.
lc lk!tal-CcmAc Cm-rpLu,,ds-
fS,-Ido J. Cermi, 9, a,2-,)67 (10~5~)
thc tuclillol.ng." C,.- CIC ~Ivoductiw
b s", i-
(:f curacts (c) arc aj.:;ciIszua. The produc'- -i, ~ f stable-
-k;grc-gatcs af ccrari,.c powdcrs with i~tals (1~)
a decrea5c in frcc urcrmv. Durii-.,- a
Q
nAual wut~li~iG of ~Iiu cur-arde and IM cc-o~,,cz- s Should
tonsion
kc placi--- l5iiL del)encls oil t:l(l surfacc~
Of thL! thL S at thu .~Nk2ull
-,d
POL-XD/Chemical Technology. Chunical Products and Their H
Application. Coramcs. Glass. Dinding Materials.
'Concrete -
:,bu Jour: Baf Zhur-Khiri., Ito 10, 1959, 35661.
thc- solid and liquid phases caid on thQ
Burface energy o~ the principal fecramic) compo-
nent ("( .),,arid aw be expressed by the cquation:
f, 3 Itt ajog% + jl'~10, co,39, whoic 9 is the
C111tac Ctw A M and the cc=.dc m,
tarlal. Mica 9 4,900, C;ood wetting will be observed
and the, surface anurQr Arill be less tlian 1000 dvn/
cu. Por 9 >, 900 the iretting and the p::oduc'%'I-oi of
n strmg C am" made inom clifficul-~. Va&(-3 0: 9
and f i for r4 nwiibor or comde aiLer,'als wid M
G'4t' 1'.1, Bi, Ila, C11, wid 311) n1-(-- 'Alu C ewi
bc; divided into four -roups, &PLIICI-'-~IL, Oil ih(,-.'Lr
Card : '1/4