SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GRIBOV, L.A. - GRIBOV, V.N.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000516710016-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: July 27, 2000
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

S/169/or2/000/004/018/103
Changes in the ozone ... D228/D302
yer's thickness thensubsequently decreases. /-Alustra-cterlt3 note:
Com-plete translation.-7
Card 2/2

89326
OVII 7 6
AUTHORSa qj._ndi1~,&",.M. aiid
TITLE., On the Intensity
the Night Sky in
PERIODICAL: Astronomicheskiy
pp.99-106
S/033/61/038/001/009/019
E032/E5i4
Pariyskiy, N.N.
of the Principal Emission Lines of
the Region of the Gegenschein
zhurnal, 1961, Vol-38, No.1,
TEXT.* The intensities of the lines 45557, 5893 and 6300 A
were investigated. Spectrograms of the gegenschein,~ere obtained
with a fast nebularspectrograph having a focal rati 1:0.7 and a
dispersion of 2000 A/mm at 5500 A. The observations were carried
out in 1956 at the Alma-Ata Observatory and in October, 1957 at -he
High Altitude Station of GAISh near Alma-Ata (H = 3060 m). The
spectra were obtained on DH and P~-3 (RF-3) plates using an
exposure of one hour and a slit width of 3 mm (1956), and OAF
plates using an exposure of 30 min and a slit width of 4 mm (1957)
The calibration was carried out using 0-particle excited phosphors
of the type described by Kharitonov on p.164 of the present issue,
The relative intensity of the above lines in the region of the
gegenschein and in the night sky were measured at the same zenith
distance. Detailed numerical results aremIxoduced in a table.
Card 1/2

69326
S/033/6L/038/001/009/019
E032/E514
On the Intensity of the Principal Emission Lines of the Night Sky
in the Region of the Gegenschein
The mean relative intensities of the three lines were found to be
0.99 + 0*01 51 1.02 + 0.036 and 1.08 + 0.04., respectively. The
observations give no indication of line intensification. Strictlv
speaking, this result has no connection with the concePt of the
gegenschein as the gaseous tail of the earth. It merely shows that
these lines are not excited in the tail even if a tail does exist.
A study of the principal emission lines in the region of the
gegenschein does not provide information about the nature of the
latter. A detailed study of the spectrum of the gegenschein in a
wide spectral interval is necessary. There are I figure, I table
and 17 references: 8 Soviet, 9 non-Soviet.
ASSOCIATION3 Gos. astronomicheskiy in-t im. P. K. Shternberga
(State Astronomical Institute imen-i PA. Shternberg)
SUBMITTEDi July 11, 1960

/62/000/000/001/003
S/886
D207/D308
AUTHORS Xariyakiy, N.N. and Gin#_1i_G L .1-1 -
Investigation of the nature of gegenschein
kURCE. Sborni1q, trudov MOU po llezhdunarodnomu geofiziches-
kom god1u; astronomiya. (Moscow) Izd-vo Mosk. univ.1
19621, 3-30 1
TEXT: The discovery and the nature of the gegenschein
(counterglow) are reviewed at length. A description is given of
two very-high-speed low-dispersion nebular spectrographs: HCC (NSS)
which is a glass prism,instrunLent for the visible region and HKC
(NKS),'which is a quartz prism instrumeat for the violet and ultra-
violet regions. These spectrograTphs were designed by V.I. Bedel
and N.V. Lobachev and constructed under the direction of P.V. Doby-1
chin in 1954. The spectrographs each had a tube which widened in
..front where there was a large precision-made nebular slit of 300 MMI
length, a prism and a camera with a.sinqple collimator lens focused
on the sliti They were: used, along with a C5 63 (SP63) spectrograph
Pard -1
.. .. . .....

S/886j62/000/000/001/003
Investigation of the' nature ... D207/D303
for the*3800 - 9500 R range to observe the gegenschein near Alma-
Ata (1956-57) and Dzha:lyau (1957-59) in the 'USSR and on Hainan
T Island (1958) in China. The most interesting results have been pub:
-..Aished already. Here -the authors briefly mention that the gagen-
schein was excaptionall~ intense during strong aurora the
night of!
.7
')9_30th September, 195 and that the annual variation of the eclipl~
tical latitude of the
vegenscheini)observed by many workers is duei'
to superposition. of two effects: a zodiacal light band, in which
the matter is concentrated in a fixed Laplace plane at a distance
-:of 2.5 astronomical units from, the Sun; 2) light of different ori-;
gin, the source of which is concerntrated in the ecliptic (this may
be partly due to the gas 'tail' ofthe earth). Part of the work
was carried out together with the Institut fiziki Zemli ,14 SSSR
(Institute of.Physics of the Earth, AS USSR), the Astrofizichaskiy
institut Alcademii nauk Kazakhskoy SSR G~strophysicaL Institute, AS
1. Kazakh SSR), from which Z.V. Karyagina took an active part in the
work, and the joint Soiriet-Chinese expedition for the observation
of the annular solar eclipse on April 19, 1958, in which the staff
members of the Peking Geophysical Institute of the Academy of
__-Card 2/3:_

S/886/62/000/000/002/003
D207/D308
AW HORS Par
lyh1dy 11. N. Hu. Jen-chlao, Fomanko, B.D. and
Gindilis. L.M.
TLE: Measurements of the, ozone layer during the annular
solar eclipse on April 19, 1950, on'llainan Island
.50URCE.- Sbornil; trudov 14GU po Mezhc1unarodnomu geofizicheakom,
godu; astronomiya. (Moscow) Izd-vo Mosk. univ., 1962~
31-53
T L-;.XT The observations during the eclipse were carried ov
by a joint Soviet-Chinose expedition led ort behalf of the USSR Acad-i
hine
emy of Sciences by A.I. Molchanov, and on behalf of the C se
ciences
Academy of S by Chleng Fang_yung. The expedition was organ-
ized by the Chairman of the distronomichesIdy sovet U-1 SSSR (Astron-
omical Council, AS USSR) A.A.. 1.11ilehaylov and. his deputy 13S. Kukarkinf,
On the Chinese side there was a special coinmittee led by the Vice
President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wu Yu-hsiung. The optic
cal group included N.N. Pariyakiy of the Institut fiziL-1. Zemli AN
0 ard 1/3

S/836/62/000/000/002/003
D207/D308
Measurements of the ozone
SSSR (Institute of Physics of the Earth, AS USSR) and the Gosudarst-1.
vennyy astronomicheskiy institut im. P.K. Shtcrnbercra (State Astrou-,
omical Institute imeni P.K. Shternberg), L.I.I. Gindilis of the State
Astronomical Institute imeni 1O.K. Shternberg, Ifu Jen-ch'ao and Yu
Rai-jen, both -of the Peking Geophysical institute of the tipaademy of i
Sciences of the Chinese, People's 'Republic. The optical group was
led by N.N. Pariyskiy. The results were analyzed by B.D. Yomeriko
of the Stalingrads1dy pedagogicheskiy institut im. A.S. Scrafimovi-
A.S. ich) under.
cha (Stalingrad Pedagogical Institute imen A'& Serafimov'
the direction of N.N. 11ariyskiy. The time service was provided by
the Chinese scientists Chleng Fang-yung and Wang Shou-Ituan. The
observations were carried out at the south extremity of Hainan is-
land at a latitude of about + 180.3. The variations in the ozone
layer thickness during the eclipse were observed together with the
gegenschein using a very-high-speed nebular spectrograph HKC (ills)
with quartz-lithium fluoride optical parts; the spectroLpraph is
described in detail in the article of N.N. 11ariyskiy and L.M. Gindi_:~
Since the MS spectrograph was designed primarily for observa-,l
tions of the geffenschein and zodiacal light, a special photometric
C ard 2/3
M'
_4
M

GINDILIS, L, M.
Dissertntion defended for the degree of Candidate of Physico"vathematical
Sciences at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics 1962:
"Absolute Spec tro-photometry of Counter-lindinnoe rprotivosivenlyel."
Vest. Aknd. Nnuk SSSR. No. 4, Moscow, 19063, pA4es 119-145

3SZ.? 0
S/033/62/039/001/010/013
B032/E5i4
Auntojii
TITLE: Absolute spectrophotometry of the continuous spectrum
of cou*nterglow
11IM10))fCAL: Astronoinictieskiy zhurnal, v-39, no.1, 1962, 93-106
,rt..XT: Several years ago N. N. Pariyslciy is said to have
initiated absolute systematic studies of the spectrum of counter-
glow in order to ellicidate the nature of this phenomenon. A
special spectrograpb was developed for thi.4 piirpose and the
observations were begun in 1955- The principles of the method
employed and some preliminary results were*reported by the
present author and Pariyskiy in Refs. 1-,5 (Ref.l: Astron.tsirk.,
No.179, 1957; Ref.2: Astron.zh., 36, 539, 1951)-; Ref-3: Ibid,
36, 1078, 1959; Ref.4: Ibid, 38, 99, ig6i, Ref.5: Sbornik trudov
Gos. astron. in-ta im. P. K. Shternberga po MGG, 1961). In the
present paper the author discusses the results of a spectro-
photometric analysis of some of the.data obtained during 1957-1959.
It is a continuation of work reported in Ref-3. All the observa-
Card 1/4 tions

Absolute spectrophotometry ... S/033/62/U39/OUl/UlO/()l3
2032/2,514
were carried out at the high altitude station of GAISh in the
Zaillyskiy,Alatau mountains (11 = 3000 m). Analysis in the range
4200-6500 A shows that the brightness of the counterglow varioazz
considerably with time and increases with incrensing adrglow, intensity:
both--effects may be clue to the same cause, for exiimpLo, a
corpuscular stream. The integral brightness of counterglow in
the above wavelength reg on for magnetically quiet da*ys was
r
found to be 1.1+0-05 ILO e g/cm soc sterad, the vititial brightnemb
~ns 61". 1 deg-2 a;~d the average contrast 1 - 11~0'. During geoningnotic
disturbances the brightnessvAs .found to increase. Figs. 3 "Id 11
show the energy distribution (corrected for atmospheric effects)
for magnetically clitiet and disturbed dny8, respectively. These
distributions- ;4-e r e-i.Xitted uith a curve of the form
GOW = cx-x F G(4~) (16)
Ozef-3) and .a., least squares calculation was found to yield
G0(#\) = 3.03-10-13 *\-1.74 (17)
where F M is the average monochromatic intensity of the solir
0
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33426
Absolute spectrophotometry S/033/62/039/001/010/013
E032/E5i4
disc without correction for absorption lines. It is pointed out
that this type of scattering of solar light would correspond to
solid cosmic dust particles. Finally, the distribution shown in
Fig.1j (magnetically diattirbed days) can be fitted with-an
expression of the form
G 6\) = 1.05-10- 13 N -0'.78 F (N) = 3.03-10- 130\-l.711 F +
+ 0.11-10-13 F (N).
C.)
All these observational results are said to be consistent with
the results of 1. S. Astnpovich (Ref.10: Astron.tsirk., No.190,
25, 1958). Acknowledgments are expressed to N. N. Pariyskiy who
initiated this work and gave valuable advice. There are
4 figuves, 4 tables and lit references: 11 Soviei-bloc and 3 non-
Soviet-bloc. The English-language reference reads as followst
Ref.8: Roach, Rees, The Airglow and Aurorae, London, Pergamon
Press, 1956, P-143.
ASSOCIATIONt Gos.'astronomiclieskiy in-t im. P.K.Shternberga
(State Astronomical Institute imeni P.K.Shternberg)
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33426
Absolute spectrophotometry S/033/62/039/001/010/0'13
E032/B314
SUBMITTED: April 7, 1961
(A) I ices cmepad
Qrqj
Fig-3
crs/~..k Sm Ot.
Fig.4
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. 3954o
S/033/62/039/004/006/008-
3,1550 E032/E5i4
AUTHOR! Gindilis-..L.M.
TITLE: The counterglow as the effect of scattering of solar
light by interplanetary dust particles
PERIODICAL: Astronomicheskiy zhurnal, v-39, no.4, 1962,.689-701
TEXT: This paper is concerned with the optical theor-y of
counterglow in which the latter is interpreted as being due to
the scattering of solar light by interplanetary dust particles.
The analysis is mainly concerned with the photometric profile of
counterglow and the energy distribution in its spectrum. In order
to account for the known properties of counterglow, the following
assumptions must be made. It is necessary thata certain
fractioii of dielectric particles must be present in order to
account for the enhanced brightness at the antisolar point. The
spatial distribution of the dust may_be either constant-or
decreasing in accordance with the r 1 law, or finally, there may
be a tendency for the dust to concentrate in the asteroid region.
The lat;ter gives the best agreement with the observed photometric
profile at angular distances of 180 to 1600 from the sun.. The
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The counterglow as the ... S/033/62/039/004/oo6/oo8
F,032/E514
size distribution of the particles Ca-p da is such that
1) = 4 or 5. When p = 4.9u to 95%.of absorbing particles with an
albedo of A,-- 0.1 are required in addition to the dielectric
particles. When p = 5 the counterglow may be explained by scatter-
in& off dielectric particles only. This value of p gives better
agreement with the observed energy distribution in the counterglow
spectrum. A higher value of p would not yield the observed
photometric profile. In the case of a constant or r - particle
density, the number of particles with radii greater than 0.6 ji
is found to be approximatelY 5-10 3 CM-3. If the dust is
preferentially accumulated in the asteroid region, then the
avejage concentration in that region should be of the order of
10- 2 and their conjentration at the earth's orbit then turns out'
to be less than 10- 3 cm-~` (a> 0.6 10. The general conclusion
is that with suitable adjustment of the particle parameters the
optical theory is capable of explaining the main feature of counter-
glow. There are 4 tables ane. l.figure.
ASSOCIATIONt Gos. astronomicheakiy'in-t im. P.K.5hternberga
(State Astronomical Institute imeni P.K.Shternberg)
SUBMITTED: June 28. 1961
Card 2/2

FEDOROV, Ye.p.; KUCHEROVI N.I.; BATRAKOV, Yu.V., kand.fJz.-matem.nauk;
KOSTYLEV, K.V., kand.fiz.-matem.nauk; MIKHELISON, U.N., kand.
fiz.-matem.nauki_9 kand.fiz.-,matem.nauk
rn the AstronomIc Council; conferences and plenLUnS. Vest. AN SSSR
34 no.9:112-120 S 164. (RIRA 17:10)
1. Chlen-korrespondent AN UlrSSR (for Fadorov).

ACCESSION NR: AP4017623 S/0033/64/041/001/0116/0121
AUTHOR: Gindilis, D. M.; Karyagina, Z. V.
T117,E: Energy'distribution in the counterglow spectrum in the region 7-X3900-
6500
SOURCE: Astronomicheskiy zhurnal, v. 41, no. 1, 1964, 116-121
TOPIC TAGS: spectrometry, astrophysics, nebular apectrograph, counterglow,
counterglow spectrum
ABSTRACT: The spectral investigations of the counterglow, which have been made
over the past few years with the aid of the Pariyskiy nebular spectograph, have
made it possible to determine several characteristic peculiarities of this phen-,;
omenon. Together with the conclusion regarding the absence of any intensifica-
tion of primary emission lines of the night sky in the region of the counter-
glow, the presence of a continuous counterglow spectrum has been established.
Energy distribution in the counterglow spectrum in the region -?%-4600-6500.x was
found to be very close to the energy distribution in the zodiacal light spec-
trum; however, in the 4300-4500 X region a clearly expressed excess was detected.
in comparison with the spectrum of zodiacal light. -It was also determined that
Ca~d- -1/4

ACCESSION NR: AP4017623
the energy distribution in the counterglow spectrum in the XX4250-6500
region corresponds to scattered solar light with an intensity proportionil'to~
'K7" , where X lies within the range 1-2, with the most probable value x 1. 74.
Observations of the energy distribution in the counterglow spectrum in the
-A;L3900-6500 ~ region were made by N. N. Pariyskiy with a nebular spectograph
(glass and quartz cameras) during 1957-1959. The energy distribution curve is
given in Figure Lof the Enclosure. It can be represented by I(k) - cK"Eo(;k),:
where E0 (,A) is the non-atmospheric spectral illumination from the Sun at the
mean distance from the Earth to the Sun. In the computations, the value of
E0 (X) as given by Johnson (F. S.'Johnson, Jour. of Neteor., 11, 431, 1954)
is adopted. The parameter x is computed by the method of least squares: x
.1.28- =0.16. The continuous spectrum of the counterglow is the solar spectrum
scattered by solid particles of interplanetary dust. Orig. art. has: 2 fig-
ures and 1 formula.
ASSOCIATION: Astronomicheskiy in-t im. P. K. Shternbersta(The k*P. Shternberg
Astronomical Institute); Astrbfizicheskiy in-t. Akademii nauk WSSR(Astro-
pkWsical Institute, Academy of Sciences, KazSSR)
SUBMITTED: 17Dec62 DATE ACQ: l8Mar64 ENCL-. 01
Card -.2/4---

L 3670-66 E7vjV(d)/FBD/FW-2/EWT(1)/FS(V)-3 DD/MIAIS-4
ACCESSION NR: AP5014060 UR/0384/65/000/001/0018/0027
AUTHOR: -Gindilis, L. M. (Candidate of physico-mathematical sciences)
TITLE: The possibilities of communication with extraterrestrial civilizations
SOURCE: Zemlya i Vaelennaya, no. 1, 1965; 18-27
TOPIC TAGS: extraterrestrial radio wave, communication signal identification
Rq___~ommunicati
radio sourcet radio telescopep radio wave propagation, ppq on.Ni)ace
environment
ABSTRACT: A detailed analysis is presented of the possibility of communicating
with Qxtr4LqKrqqtrjq3.ctyk z oqq,,1114odern instruments and methods of ast-onomy
have transferred this possibility from the realm of fantasy to the field of theo-
retical and experimental research. Modern instruments can penetrate to a dis-
010
tance of 10 million light years. Within this radius exist 1 galaxies or ,1021
stars. Life need not necessarily be similar to the terrestrial. The number of
civilizations in our galaxy can be represented by
Nkjk2pjp21(Qy!
1 where N is the number of stars in the galaxy and N is the number of civilizations,
i 0
Caid

L 3670-66
ACCESSION NRt AP5024060
D
k is the factor accounting for the presence of a planetary systom, k
2 's the
factor accounting for the lifo-supporting possibilities, P'l iG the probability
01' life existing under favorable conditions (probability = 1), P2 the probability
i, that life has evolved to an intelligent form, and f(tc) the factor accounting for
the durability of a civilization. The last factor has supporters for both the
short range and long range theory. The value for our civilization may be 0,25-
0.5. The most precisely determinable factor is k1, and many feel that k, is e-1..
The factor k2 is difficult to evaluate, but probably lies in the limit 10-6
05 - 1010
0.06. This would give 1 planets in our galaxy capable of supporting
life. It is likely that p2 also equals 1. The possibilities of civilization
5
existence extends from one in every five neighboring galaxies to 10 per galaxy.
The communications could be of three typest a) direct contact or exchange of
information; b) contacts along a communications channel; c) contactsof a com-
binod type (sending out a space probe and receiving information). The possibil-
itiea of those three types are explored for different distances. It Is concluded
that for distances of loss than 100 light years all three types are possible and
that for longer distances one-way communication is favored. Relativity
Card 2/3

L 367o-66
ACGESSION NR: AM14060
considerations are used in computing the times involved. Radio waves present the
most favorable form of communication. The strength of the radio signal depends
both on distance and on the transmitter energy output, so the civilizations are
in three types, depending on the energy requirements: type K I (approxi-
mazely the same technical level of development as our civilization) has an energy
roquirement of 1019 - 1024 erg/see; K II with 1033 erg/Bee, which means that this
civilization has completely mastered the energy of its star; and K III with an'
ener,Tf requIxoment of 1044 - 1045 erg/soc, which moans that it has mastered the
ener;-,.- of the entire galaxy. For conummications with earth-like (K I) civiliza-
tions, radiations near the wavelength of hydrogen (21 cm) seem to be a natural .
choice, and it is used in experiments with passive listening (such as Green Banks
in the USA). Although results have not been favorable to date, equipment is
being Liproved and the program continued. Probability calculations for two type
K I civilizations contacting each other with this random scanning of apace were
made. If type K II or K III civilizations exist, the possibility of coramunica-
tiona -..if-h them is greatly enhanced. Orig. art. hasi 5 figures, 2 tables, and
2 formulas.
XSWGIATIONs none
SUBMITTED: 00 ENCL: 00 SUB COEE: AA E&:
NO REF SOVs 000 OTHERs 000.
Card

Z
L 5R358-65 EViTt' I )/FV I
ACCFSSION NR: AT501869i UR/2955/65/ooe/oo2/0066/0095
AUTHOR: Gindilis, L. M.
)TITLE: Dust matter in interplanetary and near-earth space
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Kosmos, no. 2, 1965a 66-95
TOPIC TAGS: interplanetary duat, near earth dust, circumterrestrial dust, dust
cloud, twilight, zodiacal light, gegenschein, Fraunbofer corona, cosmic dust,
,meteoric matter
ABSTRACT: The author presents a comprehensive discussion, based on Soviet and
Western sources, of the nature ofthe dust material in interplanetary and near-earth
space, noting the Importance of such research In space travel as, for example,- the
question of meteoritic erosion of spaceships. The article is divided into six
;parts: meteors and cosmic dust an the earth, rocket and satellite measurements,
ioptical phenomena associated with interplanetary dust, properties of interplanetary
~dust,the dynamics of meteoritic matter in the solar system, and the origin of inter-
1planetary dust. The dust matter in the solar syGtem originates in the disintegration
j of periodic comets and asteroids and eventually is dra-vm into the sun by gravitational
"force. Tbe process ia constant and in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The density

7
L 58358-65
ACCESSION NR: AM166�i~
of this medium in very low, ranging from 10-23 to 10-21 g/CM3. Nonetheless, the
dust particles scatter sunlight and thus indirectly account for the occurrence of
such phenomena as zodiacal light, the zodiaco-I band, the Fraunhofer corona, tw3-
;light, and gegenschein. The dust matter is found chiefly in the plane of the
'ecliptic, concentrated near the planets owing to the gravitational pull. Since the
r)arti-.Ies often travel around the sun in elliptical orbits at a velocity of several-
Tens of kilometers per second, they constitute acme danger to the outer skin of
,satellites and spacecraft. Orig. art. has: 3 figures and 4 formulas.
iASSOCIATION: none
SUBMITITED: 00 ENCL: 00 SUB CODE: ES, AA
!No REF SOV: 000
OTHER: 000 MD PRESS: 4047
Card
.0,MR.-
Ing F~
I IN
WE` I -- , wo

EWT(l.)/F(',C GW
ACC NR: AR6015223 SOURCE CODE: UR/0269/65/000/012/0058/0058;
AUTHOR: Gindilis, L. M.
TITLE: Absolute measurements of the constant luminescence spectrum
of the night sk \1Y
SOURCE: Ref. zh. Astronomiya, Abe. 12.51.446
REF SOURCE: Sb. Polyarn. siyaniya I evecheniye nochn. neba. No. 11.
M., Nauka, 1965, 26-34
TOPIC TAGS: luminescence spectrum, night sky,cL-
ABSTRACT: The measurement results of the absolute spectrum of the cont
um of the night sky in AA4200--6500 zone ar presented. These
measurements vere carried out in ZailiyAkty.1i
Ala-Tau Mountains at an
altitude of 3000.m iti September and October 1957. [Translation of
abstract] (NT)
SUB CODE: 03
Card

ACC NRI AP501843? SOURCE CODE: UR/0384/65/000/003/0063/0063
AP'7002456
AUMOR: Gindilis, L. M. (Candidate of physico-mathematical sciences)
ORG: none
TITLE: Discovery of a variable radiation source
SOURCE: Zemlya i Vselennaya, no. 3, 1965, 63, 69
TOPIC TAGS: stellar astronomy, rndio astronomy,
stellar radiation, cosmic radiott.= a---, oi-nor~C~ jL&A4_*
ABSTRACT: Since September 1964, Soviet radio astronomers G. B. Sholomitskiy, M. G.
Darionov, and N. F. Sleptsova of the State Astronomical Institute im. P. K.
Shternberg have been carrying out systematic measurements of radio emissions coming I
from stellar radiation source CTA-102. In order to avoid errors inherent in absolute
measurements, -radiation from this source was compared with the radiation of radio
source 33-48, observed simultaneously. The measurements showed that the ratio between
the emissions from CTA-102 and 3C-48 varied within a range of 30X. Since the radia-
tion intensity of 3C-48 was shown to be uniform, the variability of the CTA-102-
radio source appears to be an undisputed fact. Orig. art. han: 1 f igure.
SUB CODE: 031 SUBM DATE: none/
Card 1/1

PROKOF 'Y?,*VA--B'E-- I GOV"~ KAY A, A.A.; GI-jNI.')1L.L31 V.M.
'(dent Lf J~ cation of human chromscmes. 1zv. AN .-ar. bir'l.
P0.2s],88-200 Mz-..Ap 165. (MIR4 .1-834)
1. InsttLuts of'RadiatIon and 1"hysico-Chemical Biology, Acaden7
of Sclences uf the U.,14S.P.1

BOODANOV, Yu.F.; IORDAVSKIY, A.B.; GINDILIS) V.M.
Problem of multistrand chromosome model. Genetika no-5:82-100
N 165. (MIRA 19; 1)
1. Institut molekulyarnoy biologii AN SSSR, Moskva. Submitted
Augunt 25, 1965.

SOV/98-59-8-2/33
14(10111)7 18(5)
AUTHORS: Naymushin, I., Read, Gindin, A., Chief Engineer, Shergin, D., St.c-
retary of the Party Co-m-m-i-tVe-,~-,-Georg-;.yerskiy, S., Secretftry
TITM Open Letter From the Workers on the Bratsk Construction Vrojict
PERIODICAL: Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitell-ityo, 1959, Nr 8, pp 3-4 (USSR)
ABSTRACTt As mentioned in the opening itrticie, thiJ iM 101 OPCH 10-tte'l- Setlt
to all construction sites, industrial undertakingi;, tochniCIL.1 ill-
stitutes, and to the workers on the Krasneyvrsk GES Pr,,-Jnct in
particular. Based on the resolutions of the Jane Plenum of the
Central Committee of the Soviet CocumanisT, Party, rnd born of a
desire to hasten the fulfillment of the plan, the lettor ctL116
for help to be extended by more experien-_-ed teams to those ir, it
less fortunate position. In particular, it calls for aid frfm tlll~
workers of the town of Angarsk, the Glavmosstroy and the Glav-
mospromstro~materialov of the Mosgorispolkom (Moscow City Execu-
tive Committee) in this field of housing construction on the
Bratsk site, admitting its inexperience in this sphere; from the
Card 1/2 Krivoy Rog ore-mining -team in the construction of the Korshuno-v

SOV/98-50-8-2/33
Open Letter From the Workers on the Bratsk Construction Project
iron-ore combine (output 12 million tons it year); from timber com-
bines, in order to help with the construction of the largest wood-
processing enterprise in the USSR (output 4 million cubic meters
a year); and from the Academy of Construction and Architecture of
the Ukrainian SSR in the field of the removal of earth and rock
by means of explosives. In return , the Bratsk workers on the Pa-
dun Falls offer their help and experience to all who need it, ea-
pecially to the workers on the Krasnoyarsk site on the Yenisey,
who lag behind the former somewhat in the fulfillment of their
part of the plan to provide a network of power stcitiona in Siberia.
ASSOCIATION: Bratskgesstroy (Bratsk Construction Project) (Nayinushin): Bratsiciy
gorkom KPSS (Bralsk Town Com#ttee, CPSU (Georgiie-vskiy)
Card 2/2

GINDIN., A.
Concrete operatibno in building the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power
Station. Na otroi. Roo. no.3:5-8 D 160. (KM 14:6)
1. Glavnyy inzh. stroitellstva Bratskoy gidroelektrostantsii.
(Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station-Concrete construction)

GINDIN Aton Mendelayl-ch;-AZARKH, M.,, oty. red.; BOROZDIN, B...e red.
izd-va; POGODIN, Yui, red.izd-va; TEIEGINA, T.p tsi&. red.
(How the Bolshavi".zationallsed private banks; facts and
documents on the post-October days in Petrograd]Kak bollsheviki
natsionalizirovall chiiituye'banki; fakty i dolcumexty poale-
oktiabrlsklkh dzei v Petrogra.de. Predial. I.I.Mintsa.- Moskva,
Goafinisdatp 1962. 141 p. (MIRA 16:2)
' (Leningrad--Banks and banking)
(Leningrad-Revolution, 1917-1921)

G L*,D1111 A.
UM/Medicine -Blood Circulation mar l947
1~vpwl=wnlzed Plasm
T~e Volww of ClrouJAting Blood in Hyperimmnizod
Plasm Donors (Serm Horses)," A F Gindin, 3 PP
"Byul Eksper Biol I Mod," Vol MI1, No 3 (Su=nry)
Circulation in horses is increased by 1-fl. Increase
in araoimt of blood Is conditioned by the Increase In
the amunt of plasm.
A 1T /~b
1T46

/W61clue - Amloldoels Jul/Aug 48
Medicine - Liver
"Problem of Looalization of Intereellular Wloids,"
A. P. Gindin, Path Lab, Can Inat Epidemiol and Mlor
biol, 3 3/4 PP
"Arkbiv Patologil" Vol Xy No 4
Reports observations on horses, with -two aketches.
Concludes that prolonged hyperi=mmization of horses
with gam enous, tetanic, diphtheric, and other
antigens results In wqloidoeis of the 11'rer.
PA WOW
40W 13/49T49

SHEVELRV, A.S.; GINDINC A.P. saveduyushchiy; KRONTOVSKAYA, M.K., professor,
zaveduyusgi6P_4_1~, V.D.. professor, direktor.
Study of peritoneal rickettsiosis in connection with the effect of splenectorq
and block upon the morphologic reaction of the organism. Zhur.mikrobiol.epid.
i immun. no.9:12-16 S '53. (MLHA 6:11)
1. Sypnotifoznyy otdol Instituta opidemiologii i mikrobiologii im. pochatnogo
akademika M.F.Gamalsi Akademii maditainskikh nauk SSSR (for Kroutovskaya).
2. Patomorfologiohookaya laboratoriya Inatituta epidemiologii i mikrobiologii
im. pochatnogo akademika N.F.Gamalei Akademii meditainakikh nauk MUSH (for
Gindin).' 3. Institut spidemiologii i mikrobiologii im.pochotnogo akademWA
N.F.Gamalei Akademil meditsinakikh nauk SSSR (for Timakov).
(Peritonsum--Diseases) (Rickettsia) (Spleen--Surgery)

GINDIN, A.P.; FORSHTER, Kh.1r.
PathogenOBiS of atypical forms of infectious processes following
antibiotic therepy; experiments with Breslau infectious in nice.
Zhur.mikrobiol.epid.i 1-gun. n0-5:73-76 My '55. (KURA 8:7)
1. 1z otdola infektsionnov patologii i ekspertmentallnoy terapil
(zav.-prof. Kh.1h.Planellyes) I patogistologicheakoy laboratorit
(zav.-Prof. A.P.Gindin) Instituta epidemiologii i mikrobiolegii
imeni N.F.Gamlei A14N SSSR (dir.-prof. G.Vjygodchikov).
(SALMONBLLA INYMIONS, experimental.
broslau, off. of chlorotetracyclino)
(CHLORTERACYCLM. effects,
on exper. Salmonella breilau infect.)

GIPTN ; TATSIMIRSKAYk-)(ROMOVSKATA. K.K.; ZHIV, B.V.; SALAGOVA,
A.P.
Pathomorphology of local reaction@ to the Inoculation of the
typhus vaccine following sedimentation, Zhur.sikroblo,epld.
I iWMun- no-7:69-71 JI '55- (KLRA 8:10)
1. Is Instituta spidentologii I ulkrobiologit Iveni N.Y.
Gamalet ANN SSSR dir. prof. G.T.Tygodchikov.
(TYPHUS. Immunology.
vaccine, local reactions)
(VAGCIMS AND TACGINATIONS.
typhus vaccine, local reactions)

USSR/Medicine Tularemia Immunogenesis
Card 1/1 Iab - 17-18/22
Author Kalitina, T. A. and *Gindin, A. P.
Title : Morphological character of tularemia skin reaction
Periodical : Byul. eksp. biol. I med. 8, 66-68, 4ug 1955
FD - 3 3 ).
Abstract : Authors studied reaction to tularin (allergen used in diagnosing tula-
remia) using skin biopsies from 21 immune and 3 non-immune guinea pigs.
Non-sensitizeci (non-immune) animals showed only a slight skin reaction;
in immune anim.1s, the reaction was prolonged and more severe. Histo-
morphological and histo-pathological findings, effects on the organs
and other tissues are described. Authors conclude that reaction fol-
lowin.a administration of the vaccine strain or of tularin was less
malignant than the reaction from the virulent strain. 7 references,
7 USSR, 3 since 1940.
Institution : Tularemia Laboratory (Head: Prof N. G. Olsuf'yev) and Patho histologi-
cal Lab (*Head) Inst of Epidemiology and Microbiology imeni N. F.
Gamaleya (Dir. Active Mem Acad Med Sci USSR Prof G. V. Vygodchikov)
Acad Med Sci USSR, Moscow
Submitted : !8 Jan 1955

GINDIN, A,P., and FORSHTER, Kh. K.
"Concerning the Pathogenesis of Atypical Forms of Infectious Processes
Arising After Treatment With Antibiotics." ProceedinE; of Inst. Epidem
Microbiol im. Gamaleyn 1954-56.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Timkov, V. D.. professor, Active Hember,
Academy of Yledical Sciences USSR, head, Inst. Epidem and Microbiol.im.
Gameleyn AM USSR
So: Sum 1186, 11 Jon 57.

GINDIN, A. P. and KALITINA, T. A.
j
"Morphological Characteristics of the Cutaneous Tularemia Reaction"
(Note; Kalitinn, T. A., has been associated also vitb the Tularemia
Laboratory.] Proceedings of Inst. Epidem and Wcrobiol im. Gewleya
1954-56.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Timakov, V. D., professor, Active Member,
Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, head, Inst. Epidem and Microbiol im.
Gamaleya AM USSR.
SO: Sum 1186, 11 Jon 57.

USSR/Human and Animal Physiology - (Normal. and Pathological). T-4
Blood. Blood Diseasoa.
Abs Jour : Hof Zhur - Biol., No 11, 1958, 50742
Author : Gindin A.P., Ogiyenko, N.M., Lyutikova, O.G.,
Sta kcvM, I.A.
Inst : -
Title : The Siderocytes of the Peripheral Blood in Viral Anemia.
Otig."Pub ; Byul. exporim. biol. i moditsiny, 1956, 42, tio 9, 20-21.
Abstract : Syderocytes (which arc macrocytes containing hemsiderin)
were not found in the blood of 30 normally kept healthy
horses, nor were they found in the blood of another 26
healthy horses (producers of therapeutic sera), who were
tested after they had (-,Lven the usual blood donation. In
the majority of the cases, siderocytes were found in the
blood of horses sufforin5 from infectious anemia, a fact
which proves that a disturbance of Fe metabolism e:cists.
'The appearance of hemosideria containing erythrocytes
Card 1/2
S,
US.M/Human anti 'Lyiiipzl Phyz;iology (Normal and Pathological).
Blood. Blood Diseases.
Abs Jour Hof Zhur - Biol., No 11, 1958, 50742
T-4
ill the peripheral blood serves as an important diaf~mooti-
cal symptom for infectious (viral) anemia existing in hor-
ses. -- N.M. Otsep.
Card 2/2
- 4o

171, A.P., OGIYFXXO, N.M.
Ribonuclele acid in cells of peripheral blood [with sun-mar7 in
English],' Biule' eksp.biol. I mod** 46 no.8:62-64 Ag 158 (MIRA 11:10)
le' Iz Instituta enidemiologii I mikrobiologii imeni N.F- Gamnlej
(dir; prof. S.N. Muromtsev) AMN SSSR, Moskva;Predstayleum deyetvitellq7m
chlonom AMR SSSR G.V. Vygodchikovym.
(NuourC AUD, in blood
In cells of peripheral blood of horses (Rua))
(BLOOD CHLIS. metab.
ribonucleic acid in cells of -peripheral blood of horses
(Rua))
(BLOOD CUM. motab.
ribonucleic acid in cells of peripheral blood of
horses (Rua))

GINDM,~ _A.P.; OGMOM. N - M.
JMhocytic ribonucleic acid in the peripheral blood during Intense
pntitoxic Incinogenesis. Zhur.mikrobiol.apid. I immun. 30 no.2:94-98
7 159. WRA 12:3)
le Is Instituta spidemiologii I mikrobiologii Iment Gamalet AMR SSSR.
(RIBOSUCIMIC ACID, in blood,
lyqftocytes, durIM Immmogenesis (Rug))
(VACCnW AND VACCOATION,
ribonucleto acid In 3,rVhocytes during Immanogenevis
(Rua))

MUROMTSEV, S. N.fdoceased]; GINDIN, A. P.; ANOSOV, 1. Ya.; MAYOROVA,
G. F.; BORODIYUK N. A--
P u
Morphological characteristics of the reaction of the body to
inhalation immuni7ation with bacterial antigens. Report No. 1;
Morphological characteristics of pulmonm7 mactionti to inhala-
tion revaccination with diphtheria antitoxin and whooping
cough vaccine. Zhur. mikrobiol., epid. i immun. 32 no.8:7-12
Ag 161. (MIRA 15.-7)
1. Iz Instituta epidemiologii i mikrobiologii imeni Gamalei
AMN SS-cR.
(DIPHTHERIA) (WHOOPING COUGH) (LUNGS)
(120WITY)

GINDIN, OGIYENKOp N.M.; USIIAKOVA, A.V.
Ribonucleic acid in the blood lymphocytes in adrenaline
lymphocytosis. Biul. eksp. biol. i med. 54 no.9:62-64
s. 162. (MIRA 17:9)
1. Iz Institutu opidemiologii i mikrobiologii imeni N.F.
Gamalei (dir.- prof. P.A. Ver8hilova) AMN SSSR, Moskva.
Predstavleno deystvitelln)m chlenom AMN SSSR. G.V.
Vygodehikovym.

G131DIN, A,P.; OGIYRTKOp N.M.
Ribmucleic acid in the blood lymphocytes of rabbits.
Tsitologiia 4 no.6:689-691 N-D'62 (MIRA 170)
1. Patomorfologicheskaya laboratoriya Instituta epidemiologii
i m1kroblologii AMN SSSR, Moskva.

Inc -:-A
j: U C,
. .... ... .. .

GINDIN, A.P.; ANOSOV, I.Ya.; MAYOROVA, G.F.
Histopathology and histochemistr7 of the reaction of
lymphoid organs to inhalation Immunization with pertusais
vaccine. Zhur. mik-robiol., epid. i immun. 40 no-3q45-49
Mr 763. (MIRA 17,-2)
1. Iz Instituta. epidemiologii i mikrobiologil imeni Gamalei
AMN SSSR.

1AUTHOR: Savellyeva. R. A.; Gindin, A. P,
L9
TITLE: Pathogenesis of tularemia In immune and non-immune animals
SOURCE: Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologit i immunobiologii, no. 8, 1965, 43-50
TOPIC TAGS: tularemia, immunology, vaccine
ABSTRACT: Inoculation of guinea pigs Immune to tularemia with a virulent Strain of
the causative agent regulted in a benign infectious process with limited multiplica-
.tion of the causative agent in various organs. The formation of granulomas in the
~experlmental animals was characterized mainly by productive inflammation and, un-
i
!like the control, the granulomas did not become necrotic. The infectious proccss in
~guinea pigs inoculated with low doses (10 microbial cells) was generally restricted
ito the inoculation site and regional lymph nodes, but in animals inoculated with
massive doses (10 million microbial cells), the process spread beyond them to the
,viscera. The main difference between tha imm-uni- and non-immune animals was that in
~the latt.!r the phase of hematogenic dissemination and focai screrd of tLe in-factit."

:7.
L 62497-65
ACCESSIO14 NR: AP5020091
developed into septicemia followed by death of the animals. In the immune animals,
however, the phase of hematogenic disseminatioTi and focal spread turned into the
phase of extinction of.the infection, and the animals recovered. There was an al-a
Imost complete correlation bettieen the dynamics of spread of the causative agent,
;phases of the infectiou3 process, and pathological changes in various organs and
Itissues. Orig. art. has: 3 figures.
1USSOCIATION: Institut epidemiologii i mik-roblologii im. Gamalei AMR SSSR
el SSSR)
SUBMITTED: OlApr64 ENCL: 00 CODE: LS
NO REF SCV: 010 OTHER: 000
Cafd 2/2

J,_
3 a~/3/6'/000/00'/005/011
A A126
~UTHORSS Me'androv, L. V., Oolovanenko, S. A., Bykov. A.' A., Myagkov, A. P.,
11orotkovIch, B.M., Borisov, A. N., Xossovskir. L. D., Gindin, A.Sh4
Experimental rolling of bimetal sheets
PERIODICALt Stal', no. 4. 1963. 343
TEXT: Tests were carried out at the Cholysbinakly metallurgloheekly zavod
(Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant) with the participation of N. P. ShohukIn, V. D. i
Nikitin, S. A. Zuyev, V. P. Nikitin, N. M. Danilovich, N. V. Zerohaninov, V. V.
Shturts, V.' A. Ustimanko, V. V. Silantlyev, to establish the technology of bi-
metal shoot production. Symmetric (4-layer, 150 - 220 mm thick) and asummetrical
(3-layor, 135 mm think) shoots were produced. The niok*l costing was applied In
some teats bV the'standard sleatrolytio method, in some toots, however a now
process was employed with'& special apparatus, Invol" the melting oi , 1.5-.
-wire,% which was thereupon applied to the sheet surface
diameter nickel t5~1 Pul
verization. Prior to this the surface to be coated was-ohot4blastod. A 6W x
x 1,750. shoot oculd be 'coat" tr Uds greases with a 140,4, thick nickel, layer
cam

S/133/63/OW/004/005/011
Experimental rolling of bimetal shoots Ao54A126
in 20 minutes. The now method proved more advantageous than the conventional
onei it required less time and no pickling. The pulverizing apparatus In simple,
inexpensive and easily adjustable to automation. After coating the bimetal
ohoet3 were welded air-tight on the perimeter and the and surfaces. The rolling
tests were made on a 2,300-mm stand at Chelyabinsk by the standard method. The
welding seams prevented warping and lamination of the bimetal sheets. The tight- i
neas and the strength of the seams depended on the surface quality of the stain-
lose and carbon steels composing the sheet and on the assembly and welding of the
sheet layers. The deformation of the various layers in rolling was not uniform.
F This deviation In deformation was characterized bor an oxperimental coefficient
that in am* of 4 - 10 m thick shoots depended in the first place on the intal
grade of the coating layer, but wan Independent of the total reduction In the
investigated range of deforsations. For shoots of OT- 3 0 U /St - 38P + 1 18 HIO T
KhlBN10T grades the overage coefficient value was 0.94 - 0. for sheets of
St-3sp + IX 13/M13 stool gradesi 1.03 1.05. There am figures and I table.
ASSOCIATIONs TaMChM, Chelyabinsid NM (Chelyabinsk NXIM# CM)
Card 2/2

GLADKOVSKIY, V.A.; GINDIN, A.Sh.; KOSSOVSKIY, L.D.; POPGV, N.P.
Evaluation of the magnitude of residual stresses in surface
layers of a back-up roll. Zav. lab. 29 no.9:1128-1129 163.
(MIRA 17:1)
1. Permskiy politekhnicheakiy institut.

IZRAILEIVICHY M.L.; GIUDIN, B.Ya.; LAZDAU, E.Ye.
Soot conveyors for rubber tire plants. Biul. tekh.--ekon.
inform. Gos. nauch.-issl. inst. nauch. i tekh. inform. 17 no.2:
14-17 164. (MIRA 17:6)

GRIDT11, D. Ya.
Introducing a small closed scraper conveyor witi; a cooled
bottom. Biul. te~h.-ekon. inform. Goo. nauch.-issl. inst.
nauch. i tekh. Jnform. 18 no. 12.*56-58 D 165 (MIRA 19t1)

GINDIN) D.A.
Modical electrio humidity meters. Mod.prom. 15 nq,9:56-,e9 S 161.
(MIRA14: 9)
1. 14odiko-instrumentallnyy zavod "Krasnogvardeyets".
(VIATLF( IN THE BODY) (PHYSIOILGICAL APPARATUS)

S/582 61/000/005/005/01-e
D222 D306
AUTHOY: Gindin, D. G. (Moscow)
TITLE; On the control of chemical reactions
SOURCE: Problemy kibernetiki, no. 5, Moscow, 19061, 97-103
TEXT: This paper is a general discussion of some ideas that may
be relevant to the automation of processes in the chemical in-
dustry. The basic ideas of this paper were reported and discussed
at a seminar at the Vsesoyuznyy institut aviatsionnykh materialov
(All-Union Institute of Aviation Materials) in 1946, under the lea-
dership of Ya. I. Frenkell, now corresponding member of the Aca-
demy of Sciences USSR. The author argues that there is a need to
establish a branch within cyberneltics to deal with the specific
problems arising in chemistry. The main purpose of "chemical cy-
bernetics" would be to construct devices for the automat-L,-. contiol
of chemical processes, using sensing elements and information pro-
cessing units. At present, however, the most important problem i5
the algorithmization of chemical processeeg I.e. the construction
Card 1/3

S/582/61/000/005/005/012
On the control of chemical ... D222/D306
of logical schemes for the kinetic, technological and other pro-
perties, and the construction of "chemical" algorithms. Two' kinds
of factors are distinguished that can influence the course of the
processes: Internal (those which originate in the phyaico-chamical
properties of the reacting substances), and external (those or-&--
ginating in the environment of the reaction; i.e. temperature,
eto.). The author concentrates on the internal factors. It ie sug-,
,gested that the dispersion of results, observed even with eeeming-
ly rigorously controlled uniform conditions, is due to the fact
t6t -the experimental specimens have a kind o-rL individual nature
due to the complexity of their physico-chemical structure. Small
fluctuations in these properties can give rise to either a conveT-
gent or divergent tendency in the results. Examples of processes
where such an individual nature of specimens is found are the co1r...
rosion of metals, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, semiconduc-
tore, strength of materials, and so on. There are 8 references-.
2 Soviet-bloc and 6 non-Soviet-bloc. The references to the English-
language publications read as follows.- N. Wiener, Cybernetlct_:~,
1958; W. R. Ashby, Introduction to Cybernetics, 19~;q.
Card 2/3

GINDINj D*Yeoy tnzhs
Increasing the speed and reliability of teed mechanisms.
Mek:h. i av~am. proizv. 19 no. 10:13-15 0 165. (MIRA 18:12)

"D
GAPCI-114KO, P., invalid Otechestvennoy voyny (C. Kiyev)- GIND . G
T. . nv-a~d
invalid Otechestvennoy voynjy (g. Myer, SAVIVORTr"'M
Otechestvennoy voyny (g. Kiyev); KOLODOCHKA, B., invalid
Otechestvennoy voyny (g. Kiyev); XHOVANSKIY, A., invalid
Otechestvennoy voyny (g. Kiyev).
Bring order into the organization of motor wheelchair repqir.
Prom.koop. no.6-.Z4 Je '57. kHLRA 10:7)
(Orthopedic apparatuti)

.M
DIN lip
s-.e. r4
Nectimmitiams,
*IWA4wr4 04% vinyl Isymniclis, simil I-mrsithyltinyl
111YA11140 ismillif All, Arfia" got liptipall Owl"Isido, I
MI sit f I.,
c "fill ."%I
I"'I li,t,,,,%l
"".I
101 la'Ifli'll I lie 1,. 1.11 '1 1
-hi-h " the ..k . ...... IV-I 1..,
nOulk,rn 31111 Aflilir IVIIII %illy(fts-anjoll
the rate -f I.Jill'iff f-mmill-li dr, ;1', the miu,
I-f fallaffiellp inc tea'" at t0$-. Illifflig -It rNpeli
;,,rise air %ji'-n it, Asp-I "If"Imill fm 'I'sall
pelctillfilige #1'l1 fillfrale, With IjI"c ;It
large jw"Mt.cc. Rate ill forloalinil irs.
rif-I" with frivillicralmr. 'I he rate ii prtipprijorvil
I,v the -Imirc t-wil of she firism,vi pirn,xi,jr
twirseen 413 and In %I~ '[he hii-he,t NIC14 it
Is"Itill'Of IINCr M", .4". 1"'d lien % bill
vs'li MW Ill I.... It-% It till 1, 1 I"A'
thi,
oi,.tji-i *.t, iir*,, 11 .. . ..... . I.
I" "'Of Ill fit, p-0 . .....
Inflet'C'. 1,111 "'lliffill" .111"1 11111,
i, ref". mmlolli'v (I .... I alt.1 I'mird
with it apin 1-lymeti-, at mlir i,ttr a, I-0mr.
1411 -1111iml .114 if thr
reninve.% it1% ratalvitc ai-tivivv. [it the WtvAlene
vinVI rYarullc I.I.N.Suirl ii -( Vinyl rvaskide i%
1-fewrit as cine nitrite grnttp twearren two inflaffiffir.
afflullIss. In the '1111'r lutlyluff the I lorthyl VII'VI
(YARIde armill 1% ill .1 mildif lin-ilisin,
3KNIVICII 11.1211.1

USSR/Metalf Bismuth Aug 5r0
Twimdng
TwIrming in Bismuth," I. A. Gindin, V. I. start
Bev, Physicotech Inst, Acad Sci Ukrainian SSR
"Zbur Eksper i Teoret FizII Vol XX, No 8, PP 738-
741
Describes process of formation and propagation of
twinned layers in monocrystallic bismuth under
action of concentrated loads. Observes similarity
of tvinning processes in metallic and ionic mono-
crystals. Shovs presence of two yield points in
twinning of bismuth monocrystals. Studies Influence
165T34
USSR/Metals - Bismuth (Contd) Aug 50
of annealing upon state of tvinned layers. Show ret-
rogressive tvinning occurs in bismuth. Submitted
9 Feb 50.
165T3k

kft~eallns twinned 1 1. Gsrber, I-r'
161ndin M 0 'A' Stortstv (Pliks. 1
T5L., jicad, &I. Ukr, S.R.. Kharkov). DcAlad
RM 3's.S.R. 74,
US SR : of
'free steel wem annealed at f 3 hrs., elongated 2-3%,.
thfat annealed 8 days, lactemlaf the temp Iradu4llv front,
400 to W * to x Ive an av. gm In size of i 5-2 mat: The
specimms were then broken under tension at temp. of
jiquid N, forming twinned crystals In grains near the frac.
tLre. Twinned layers began to disappear after 10 hrs.'
:Mnnealing at 8W*, and all had clLsappeared after M ha. at
followtd bX 60 bra. at 000'. H.W.Rathmann
NOWNESUMM
WL,r
ON W1401 ,V IN
M WIN,- . . . . . . . .
OWN

G~, I N DI N,
USSR/Solid State Physics - Mechanical Properties of Crystals and Polycrystalline
Compeunds., E-9
.Abst Journal: Refexat Zhur - Fizika, No 12, 1956, 34862
Author: Garber, R. I., Gindin, I. A., Kogan, V. S., lazarev, B. G.
Institutioni Nona
Title: Investigation of Plastic Properties of Beryllium Monocryst~Lla
'Zriginal Periodical: Fiz. metallov i metallovedeniye,, 1955, 1, No 3., 529-537
Abstract: transition of the Be monocrystal into a fully-twinned state is related to
the process of mechanical twinning in the (102) plane) and is particularly easy to ef-
fect at 4000 and ab-:,ve. In addition to the principal system of twins along (102), one
observes also tudins in the (101) and (103) planes. The mechanism of slipping of Be
depends substantially on the temperature and orientation of the specimen. In ame
specimens, base slipping is observed even at -1960. The plasticity of Be, which in-
creases monotonically with temperature, reaches a maximum at 4000 (B z 26%) and di-
minishes somewhat at 6000, and increases again at 8000. The mechanical character-
istics of the plasticity of monocrystals of beryllium are determined, and their de-
pe-'adence on temperature. The yield point when slipping along the (100) and (101)
planes diminishes by approximately 4 times when heated from 200 to 8000.
_Q_VV~2 - 2 -

Crtr;gory : USSR/Solid State Fhysics - ','iechr-nical Fropertics of
% Orystp.1s rmd Crystrllino Co-pounds
Abs Jour : Rof Zhur - Fizika, No ~', 1957, i~io 6787
;-.uthor : Grrbor, R.I Gindir I.A,j Kogan, V.S., Lezarev, B.G.
Inst : Physico-Technic,719nstitutc, ~ccdcny of Sciences, Ukraine SSR
Title : X-ray Investigption ef the FIrsticity of Single Crystals of
Beryllium
Orig Fub ; lzv. AN SSSR, set-, fiz., 1956, 20, No 6, 639-64o
Abstract : X-ray diffrection, n6tn1lography Eind )-,iicrc-intorfcro.netry
have boon used to investigrte single crystels of borylliun,
cut in the forn. of rceteng-ultr-.rr-ralleloi)ipeds, ...,ith one
of the faces aligned with the plane of t~e base. Thh
spocii-..ions were deferred by unilrtaral compression at tc-:i-
ucratures from -253 to 8000, The results of the invosti-
gations ere sw--,.vxized in a table.
Cprd 1 1/2
..-togory USOR/Solid State 1-1*'Gics - 'r.'ochanical Froportios of
Crystpls and Crystalline Cc-.ipounds
11
Abs Jour Rof Zhur - Fizikr, No 7), 1957, No 6787
AbAractt
Orientation
of Sinclo
Crystal
Binary.Axis
f 100 7por-
pondicular to
ermprossion
axia
Birary Axis
T100-7pa-
'Fallcl to
compression
ax i s
Card - 21/2
% 9
Character of Plantibiby & Its C, lOmOjjt3
Rachanical Twilling Total Roorl- 4 lippago
'r
~ftion; sy"Uno
try place (10
T_ !- - --- - -.e- --- -- -
1 1 4000 plus /_11, 400/ 200/
11 1 8000 5000
400-1 4000 JROOM tcmp
plus plus & above
in in 6-
twin rig.
ro- sin-
-1961 gion.Gic
8000 crys-
~in tal
tvri!l
region
USSR PHYSICS CARD 1 2 'V,B.G. PA - 1479
7MATT-V.S.. LAZARE

Dokl.Akad.Nauk, 110, fasc.1, 64-66 (1956) CARD 2 / 2 PA - 1479
by subsequent heating up to room temperature. A similar structural change is
41
bound in iron samples after rolling in liquid nitrogon, but in this cane the
deGree of refinement is higher than on the occasion of pres-ging the ball
through the tube. The degree of refinement in iron and nickel after treatment
at low temperatures followed by heating to 20' depend3 on the size of grain of
the initial structure as well as on the degree of deformation. For the pro-
duction of microdistortions the initial stages of deformation are of import-
ance at low temperatures, on which occasion the work performed by exterior
forces goes over nearly entirely into the latent deformation energy. On the
occasion of deformation (beginning with an 8,'/a deformation) as a result of
pressing a ball through a tube micropores are produced, a process which may be
connected with mechanical twin formation. In all the cases of recrystallization
at low temperatures investigated on this occasion, deformation was broucht
about by the formation of creeping stripes either in a pure form (nickel) or
in connection with twin formation (iron).
INSTITUTION: Physical-Technical Institute of the Academy of Science in the
USSR.

1-1 INVIN, 'L A
AUTHORS: Gindin, I. A. and Kogan V. S.
TITLE: State of the surface layer of a sin.,-- rle zinc crystal after
grinding and annealing. (Sostoyaniye poverkhnostnoGo sloya
monokristalla tsinka. posle shlifovki i otzhiG;a).
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i lAetallovedeniye, 1957, Vol.5, No.2,
pp. 326-330 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In earlier worh of the authors (Ref.3), it was found
that work hardenin(S caused by grinding activates diffusion
processes which then may become very intensive even at room
temperature. It was, therefore, considered of intuerest to
machine such specimens end make X-ray exposures of these
under conditions such that these processes axe either
completely eliminated or at least appreciably reduced.
For that purpose zinc monocrystals were ground along
their cleavage planes at the temperature of liquid
nitrogen (-1960C) and X-ray patterns taken directly after
grinding, prior to heating them to room temperature and
aftsr "ann aling" at room temperature and at 100, 150 and
200 0. Comparison of the structbire of the surface layer
of zinc specimens ground at -196 C with those ground at
room temperature enabled elucidation of the influence of
Card 1/3 the mechanical properties on the processes taking place
0

State of the surface layer of a sinE~le zinc crystal a'Lter 1~rinding
and annealing.
in the specimen durinL; grindin,,;,-. As a result of annealinr,-,,
of the specimens, certain details viere detected in the
state of the lattice of the surface layer of the specimens
after grinding,which were not detected in previous
experiments, during which the specimens were work hardened
and subsequently investigated at room temperature without
any heat treatment. It was found that the surface layer
of the monocrystal breaks up into fine grains which are
disoriezrtated more strongly in specimens for which the
work hardening was effected at the liquid nitrogen
temperature. The annealing does not re-establish the
monocrystal nature in the surface layer and leads to
recrystallization %,iith grain growth towards -the depth of
the monocrystal. Under the recrystallized zone there is
a layer in which the monocrystal consists of blocks with
orientations approaching the initial orientation and the
depth of these layers increases with the annealing
temperature. In crystals deformed 0at the temperature of
liquid nitrogen and annealed at 200 C, the non-distorted
monocrystal was detected only after etching to a depth.of
Card 2/3 30011. In crystals deformed at room temperature and

1 126-2-17/35
State of the surface layer of a single zinc crystal after griliding
-and annealing.
subsequently annealed, the depth of the distorted zones
was greater still. X-ray patterns and micro-photographs
are included.
There are 4 figures and 7 references, 5 of which are
Slavic.
SUBMITTED: April 16, 1956 (Initially), December 18, 1956 (after
revision)'.
ASSOCIATION: Physico-Technical Institute Ac. Se. Ukrainian SSR.
(Fiziko-Tekhnicheskiy Institut AN USSR).
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 3/3

-- ,z /, I ~ ; iff
( - / - 'r. / A-
CfARBER, R. I. ,GINDIN, I. A and FOLYAKOV, L. M.
"Fractioning and Sintering of Microblocks during the Plastical
Deformation of Crystals."
paper presented at the Conf. on Mechanical Properties of Non-Metallic Solids,
Leningrad, USSR, 19-26 MaY 58.
Physical-Technical Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kharkov.

SOV/126-.- -7-5-25/25
-AUTHORS: Gindin, I.-A., Khotkevich, V. I. and Starodubov, Ya. D.
TITLE: Investigation of the Plastic Properties of Aluminium at Low
Temperatures (Issledovaniye plasticheskikh svoystv
alyuminiya pri nizkikh temperaturakh)
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, Vol 7,,Nr 5, pp 794-800
(USSR) wp
ABSTRACT: Pure aluminium (99.994A Al) and technical aluminium con-
taining up to 1% impurities (Si,, Mn, Fe) were used for
the investigation. The specimens were in the shape of
plates of 2.5 x 2.5 mm cross-section and 17 mm working
length, widening at the ends for ease of~gr4ping in the
testing machine. After grinding and polishing, all specimens
were annealed in vacuum for one hour at 3000C. The average
linear grain size in pure aluminium was 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and
in technical aluminium 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Deformation was
carried out In a vertical-tX* teasile testb* machine using mechanical
loading, being specially adapted for low temperature work.
Card Tensile tests were carried out at 293, 77, 20, 4.2, 2.06 and
1.40K. In this apparatus it was possible to carry out
1/4 tensile and compression tests in liquid hydrogen as well as

SOV/126---7-5-25/25
Investigation of the Plastic Properties of Aluminium at Low Temperatures.
In liquid helium at 4,20K and below. A temperature of
less than 4,20K was obtained by evacuating helium. The
layout of the apparatus is shown in Fig.l. A study of the
macro- and microstructure of fractured specimens has
shown that the nature of plastic deformation of aluminium
changes fundamentally with change in temperature from 20 -
4.20K and below. Fig.2 shows the microstruGture of an
aluminium specimen (99.994%), fractured at 200K. Fig.3
shows the microstructure of a similar specimen fractured
at 4.20K. In Fig.4 the macrostructure of aluminium
specimens (99.994% Al) fractured at 200K (a) and 4.20K
(b) is shown. In Fig.5 load-extension curves for cylindrical
specimens of technically pure aluminium of 3 mm diameter
(annealed at 30000 for one hour, grain size 0.3 mm) are
shown for various temperatures. In Fig.6 load-extension
curves for flat pure aluminium specimens of 2.6 x 2.5 mm
section (annealed at 30000 for one hour, grain size 1-1.5
mm) are shown for various temperatures. Fig.7 shows load-
Card extension curves for specimens of technically pure aluminium
2/4 at 4.20K after various preliminary treatments. In Fig.8
a micro-interference picture of the polished surface of a
pure aluminium. specimen, deformed at 1.40K, is shown.

SOV11 26 -,- - 7- 5- 2 512 5
Investigation of the Plastic Properties of Aluminium at Low Temperatures
Fig.9 is a photomicrograph of the polished surface of a pure
aluminium specimen deformed at 1 .40K. The defleotlon of a
scratch at the boundary of large blocks is visible Fig.10
shows the deflection of interference lines at the ;oundary
of large blocks of a pure aluminium specimen deformed at
1.40y'. In Fig.11 the dependence of the mechanical properties
of aluminium on temperature In the range 1.4 to 29511 is
shown. The authors arrive at the following conclusions:
1. It has been foiaid that a sharp difference exists in the
macro- and microscopic nature of plastic deformations of
specimens of pure aluminium if the temperature at which they
are strained is changed from 20 to 4.20K and below. A
lowering in the temperature of testing leads to an intensifi-
cation of the inhomogeneity of plastic deformation; i.9.
to the formation of large blocks the sizes of which exceed
those of the average metal grain.
2. The plastic deformation of aluminium at 4.20K and below
is characterized by an unstable flow which is expressed the
Card 3/4 more clearly, the lower the testing temperature. Preliminary
cold working of the specimens intensified the interrupted

SOV126- --7-5-25/25
Investigation of the Plastic Properties of Aluminium at Low Temperatures
nature of flow.
3. At 4.26K and below the formation of mechanical twins
is observed in aluminium. It is possible that the instability
of plastic flow is associated with the formation of mechanical
twins.
4. The mechanical properties of aluminium in the temperature
range 77-1.40K have been determined. It has been found
chat the true strength of specimens of pure and technical
aluminium tested to fracture at 4.20K are close to one
another. The ultimate tensile stress os is practically
independent of temperature, The residual elongation has
a maximum in the range 20 to 4.20)1.
There are 11 figures and 9 references, of which 6 are Soviet
and 3 English.
ASSOCIATION: Khartkovskiy fiziko-takhnicheskiy institut AN USSR
(Kharikov Physico-Technical Institute AS Ukr.SSR)
SUBMITTED: March 12, 1958
Card 4/4
u3cow-Dc-61,699

18(0)
AU~HORSt I. A., Lazarev, B. G.9 SOV/56-35-3-46/61
Starodu~~ov,Ya. D., Khotkevich, V. I.
TITLEz The Low-Temperature Polymorphism of Metals
(NizkotemperAturnyy polimorfizm metallov)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1958,
Vol 35, Hr 3, pp 802 - 804 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs In the present paper (unlike the practice adopted by several
earlier papers dealing with the same subject) the method of
mechanical tests is used, in which the compression diagr--m
of lithium, sodium, cesium, bismuth, and beryllium samples
with subsequent heating are investigated. Also the varia-
tions of volume in inverse transformation are recorded.
These tests were carried out on a one-ton machine with a
rigid dynamometer, which is suited for carrying out measure-
ments at helium temperatures. The velocity of deformation
was constant and amounted to 0,03 mm/sec, A graph gives a
typical diagram of the deformation in the coordinates "stress
absolute compression" for lithium. At 770K this is the
melting curve with consolidation of the shape at high degrees
Card 1/3 of deformation. There are no singular points indicating a

The Low-Temperature Polymorphism of Metals sov/56-35-3-46/61
transformation. If the deformation temperature drops to
200K and less (down to 1A OK), a characteristic discontinuity
is observed on the curve with a sharp decrease of resistivity
against deformation. The Most direct proof of the polymor-
phous transformation in the tests discussed are the variations
of volume in inverse transition while the deformed sample is
being heated. Similar curves were obtained also for sodium.
In the case of cesium no polymorphous transformation is
observed on the deformation diagram even at i,4 OK. Ne-erthe-
less, the shape of the curve of heating allows UB to conclude
that, to a small extent, such a transformation actually exists.
This behavior of the three alkali metals is apparently ocn-
nected with the reduction of characteristic temperatu--.9 and
leads to the conclusion that polymorphism exists in tae
entire group of alkali metals. The discontinuity of stress
in the compression diagram is observed also in the case of
beryllium at temperatures of 4,20K and less. All this seems
to indicate an extensive occurrence of low-temperature poly-
morphism, which is observed in the case of tin, sodium,
lithium, cesium, bismuth, and beryllium. There are 2 figures
Card 2/3 and 6 references, 4 of which are Soviet,

The Low-Temperature Polymorphism of Metals SOV/56-35-3-46/61
ASSOCIATIONi Fiziko-toknicheskiy institut Akademii nauk Ukrainakoy SSR
(Physico-Technioal Institute of the Academy of Scienoesy
Ukrainskaya SSR)
SUBMITTEDs June 7, 1958
Card 3/3

D
A
;i 'N
! AN
171
10 0 a a -0 0
ps
1~4
gN -a
41 r! I
ji a .30. -1;
0 0.1 1p-.&4
let.;

GINDIN, I.A.; STARODETBOV, Ya.D.
Low temperature plastic breakdown of large-grain iron. Fiz.tvar.
tela 1 no.12:1794-1800 D '59. '(MIRA 13:5)
1. Fiziko-takhnichookly institut All USsR, Khar1kov.
(Iron-Metalfography)
(Deformations (Mechanics))

GARBER. R.I.; qIND-I.N,, STARODUBOV, Ta,P.
Thermal hardening of twinned layers of iron crystals. Fiz.tver.
tela 1 no.12:1801-1805 D '59. (MIRA 13:5)
1. 1riziko-tekhnicheskiy institut All USSR, Kharlkov.
(Iron--Heat treatment)

"7,!5'00 66900
SOV/126-8-1-18/25
AUTHORS: Garber, R. I~, Gindin't-J. A. Kovalev, A.I. and Shubin.Yu-V.
TITLE: Study of the Plastic Properties of Monocrystals of
P Berylliu
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 8, Nr 1,
pp 130-139 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper slip processes in monocrystals of
beryllium which have not been submitted to preliminary
twinning have been studied and the relationship between
slip and fracture of beryllium in the white temperature
range has been established. Specimens were made from
monocrystals of a beryllium block grown by slow cooling
of the melt in vacuum. The purity of the original
material was 99.7%. Cutting of the block was carried
out by an electro-corundum disk on a grinding machine.
The worked layer was removed by etching the beryllium
with an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid. The
specimens had the shape of a rectangular prism,
3.5 x 4.0 x 7.0 mm. All prism facets were ground. Two
side faces (3.5 x 7.0 min - type-a face and 4.0 x 7.0 min
type-b face) were polished. From the Lauegrams it was
Card 1/5 evident that the crystals were undistorted. The experi-

66900
SOV/126-8-1-18/25
Study of the Plastic Properties of Monocrystals of Beryllium. II.
ments were carried out under conditions of compressive
deformation on a special press (Ref 6) at a constant
deformation rate (0.03 mm/sec) at temperatures of -253,
-196, 20, 4oo, 600 and 8000C. The specimens were
orientated in such a way that the basal plane (0001) made
an angle of 45 + 1,50 with the axi.s of the compressive
forces (Fig 1). The side face of the specimen was
parallel with the crystallographic plane of the primary
prism (110 and subsequently also parallel to the primary
diagonal Y120D . The metallographic and X-ray methods
used for the studies have been described earlier by Garber
et al, (Refs 1,7). Indexing of the exposed elements of
plasticity and fracture was carried out according to the
traces of deformed bands and cracks on previously polished
specimen faces. The results vrere plotted on a standard
stereographic projection of the basis plane of the crystal.
An X-ray analysis method was used for the orientation of
specimens and for the supplementary control of elements
of slip and fracture. The structure of the bands of basal
Card 2/5 slip was studied also electronmicroscopically, In Fig 2
traces of slip occurring in monocrystals of beryllium at

f6901
SOV/126-8-1-18/25
Study of the Plastic Properties of Monocrystals of Beryllium. II.
various temperatures are shown schematically. Photo-
micrographs of the surface of specimen faces after
compression at 200C are shown in Fig 3a and b and the
micro-interference picture of the relief of these
surfaces in Fig 3b and 2,.. The slip bands have been
resolved electronmicroscopically as slip packets. At
-196 and +200C the thickness of the packet is the same,
namely 0.1-0.3 IL (Fig 4). The magnitude of slip can be
estimated from the displacement of a scratch intersecting
the trace of the slip band in a type-b face (Fig 5).
In Fig 6 compression curves for monocrystals of
beryllium (curves for various slip temperatures along
the abscissae axis) are shown. 1 mm along the abscissae
axis corresponds to 60 IL deformation; 1 mm along the
ordinate axis corresponds to a load of 18 kg. Fig 7
shows the temperature dependence of the mechanical
characteristics of monocrystals of beryllium: a s - yield
stress in compression, ab - UTS in compression; 6 - total
residual compression; b - residual compression
prior to the appearance of tRe first slip bands. Fig 8
Card 3/5 s hows the prismatic slip in monocrystals of beryllium.,
a _ slip trace in a type-a face. Compression at 200C by

6600/
SOV/12 -3-1-18/25
Study of the Plastic Properties of Monocrystals of Beryllium. II.
1.2%; X 10 000; b - trapeze-like slip trace in a type-a
face. Compression at 4000C by 1.5%, X 432~ Fig 9 shows
photomicrographs of cross-sectional microcracks formed as
a result of non-uniformity of shift in the slip along the
slip bands.. Fig 10 shows slip traces of a polygonized
monocrystal of beryllium,, The slip planes are wavy:
polygonization blocks can be seen. The treatment
consisted in compression by o.6% at 200C, annealing at
8000C for 3 hours, followed by repeated compression by
o.8% at Wc, X 8000., The table on P 137 shows the
crystallographic elements of slip, twinning and fracture
and the temperature region in which they occur. Fig 11
is a standard stereagrapb-ic projection of the basal plane
(0001) of a monocrystal of beryllium. The orientation
of monocrystals of beryllium is shown in Fig 12. The
authors arrived at the following conclusions:
1. The essential aspect of plastic deformation of
beryllium in a wide temperature range (-1-960 to +8oo0c)
is slip along the base (0001) in the direction (112q . t~~
Card 4/5 The slip in beryllium differs fundamentally from that in

6f 9r"/
SOV/126-8-i-18/25
Study of the Plastic Properties of Monocrystals of Beryllium. II.
other hexagonal crystals, Beryllium has a large number
of different crystallographic twinning systems.
Mechanical twinning is not responsible for the great
brittleness of beryllium. Re-forming of twins within
an entire crystal leads to an increased plasticity and
strength of the crystal in subsequent slip. An
unevenness in movement along basal slip planes has been
observed. This causes the formation of microcracks
along prism and secondary pyramidal planes. Thus the
brittleness of beryllium is associated with a large
number of cleavage planes which are exposed particularly
strongly because of the non-uniformity of slip at low
temperatures.
There are 12 figures, 1 table and 13 references, 8 of
which are Soviet and 5 English.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy instkit AN UkrSSR
(Physico-technical Institute, Ac.Sc.. UkrSSR)
SUBMITTED: December 21t, 1957
Card 5/5

24(2)
/67
AUTHORS: Garber, R. I., G Shubin, YiL. V. SOV/56-36-2-5 ~'
TITLE; The Slipping of Beryllium Single Crystals at Low TemperaturesIII
(Skoltzheniye monokristallov berilliya pri nizkikhtemperatural-'t.
III)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentalinoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1959,
Vol 36, Nr 2, PP 376-384 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This paper is a continuation of parts I and II (Refs 1, 2), in
which the authors had investigated slippinE along the basis
plane (0001) of technically pure beryllium single crystals
(99.7%) at various temperatures. The investigations described
here were carried out with purer Be single crystals (9q.98;,,)
at 77 and 200K. Further, slipping on (0001) under the influence
of a deforming force forming an angle of 450 with the plane
(0001) was investigated. The direction of displacement in the
case of basic slipping was parallel to the lateral face of the
investigated crystal - the diagonal of first order [1120] .
Deformation was brought about by means of a machine which was
especially constructed for operation at low temperatures
(Refs 3, 4); the rate of deformation was 0.03 mm/sec.
Card 1/3 The character of slipping was found to be highly dependent on
~4

The Slipping of sov/56-36-2-5/63
Beryllium Single Crystals at Low Temperatures III
the stage of deformation. In the case of weak deformations,
there is no immediate slipping along the 3trips, and
displacement occurs in a thin layer resting against the strips.
Thus, the part of the crystal between two strips is displaced
as a whole. Residual stroas causes elastic displacomont of the
opposite sign in the crystal layers resting against the strips.
In the case of strong pressure slipping takes place along the
strip, and strong relative displacement occurs. The formation of
a saw-shaped profile of the crystal face is characteristic of
this stage; this may, according to reference 8, be looked upon
as a result of twinning on planes with large indices in the
case of basic slipping. The discontinuity of displacement is
explained as being due to the existence of impurities.
Purification of the beryllium contributed towards rendering the
course of displacement along each strip more continuous, which
leads to a higher degree of plasticity. At 770K the formation of
whole packets of strips can be observed, which is very clearly
shown by figuxe 7. The method of building up the face profile of
deformed crystals makes it possible to determine the basic
dimensions of the fine structure of the elementary slipping
Card 2/3 strips and of the packets. The twist noticeable between the

The,Slipping of SOV/56-36-2-5/63
Beryllium Single Crystals at Low Temperatures III
strips can, in the first stage, be considered to be due to
residual stress; this twist, which increases with deformation,
must necessarily be explained in tho advanced stage, when it
attains 30, as a resuit of twinning. In conclusion, the authors
thank 1. M. Fishman for constructing and producing the replicae
and for making electron-microscopical recordings. There are
9 figures, 1 table, and 13 references, 10 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut Akademii nauk Ukrainskoy SSR
(Physico-Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences,
Ukrainskaya SSR)
SUBMITTED: July 16, 1958
Card 3/3

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1#A June alel July 19550 in %be city of Sverdlovsk.
-.12'- (-a- 111
1VTSOR 3 Ch.M.." a.
TITLI s Th. fifth All-Union Conference an the Physics of La.
Temperature* (5-y. To.seym ... y. -hchanly. pe flailks al.k1kh
ta.p.ratur)
PERIODICAL: Vap.khi flat.h.skillh cauk, 1159, Vol 67. Wr 4, yp 743-750
(USSR)
193MCTI ftis Conference took plane fron, October 27 to November I at
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III

81618
S118116010021061061050
B122/BO63
AUTHORSz Gindin, I. A., Starodubov, Ya._ D.
TITLE% Slippage Along the _boundaries of Twins During Direct and
Reciprocal IT!ni~nnin 0~of Iron
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo telat 1960, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 1070 - 1081
TEXT: The present paper describes some peculiarities of deformation occur-
ring in direct and reciprocal twinning of iron on the boundaries of these
twins. It was the aim of the authors to find the cause of the different be-
havior of the interfaces under static load. Preceding papers (Refs. 1 and 2)
-have shown that the t*in layer became thicker, and that one interface of
the twin layer remained immobile, while the other was shifted. For their
study , the authors used iron (degree of purity: 99.99%, grain diameter:
2 - 2.5 mm) which was annealed for five hours at 8000 after polishing the
boundary faces. A multistage deformation at the temperatures of liquid nitro-
gen was carried out on the samples with room-temperature heating in between.
It was thus possilbe to observe the appearance and disappearance of the twin
Card 1/3

81618
Slippage Along the Boundaries of Twins During 5/161/60/002/06/06/050
Direct and Reciprocal Twinning of Iron B122/B063
double layer, as well as its boundary shift with increasing load. The deforma-
tion to be reached per deformation step was chosen from 0.1-0.5%. Changes
were observed by the microinterferometric method with a microscope of the
type NOW-4 (MII-4) and by variations arising in the etched lines. Experi-
ments established that the lines suffer a break on compression and are
displaced on a boundary plane. This displacement was likewise observed on
the break of the interference stripes on one baumdary. The displacement,
however, did not increase with further increasing load. If the displacement
was missing in the initial deformation stage (it could not be observed on
all identical boundary layers of a twin system), it did no more arise on
any further intensification of the deformation. It is conoluded therefore
that the slippage along the plane (112) must take place before the twin
formation, i. e. while the lattice changes over to the twin formation. An
"accomodation region" often forms besides the displacement on the slip
plane. Still, one phenomenon does not necessarily entail the other. Slip-
p~Gr, oGcurs in the direction L111], which coincides with the direction of
diqn1acement in the twin formation. The twin layers again disappear with
load having an inverse sign (so-called mutual twin formation). The critical
strc-3 for the reciprocal twin fnrx~:~i_,_- -go -.m.-hat higher than that of
Ca,--' 2/3

81618
Slippage Along the Boundaries of Twins During 3/181/60/002/06/06/050
Direct and Reciprocal Twinning of Iron B122/BO63
the direct twin formation. A table offers data on the twin formation for
direct and reciprocal twins. Various explanations for the formation and
removal of twins are discussed. The authors finally thank R. 1.* Garber and
B. G. Lazarev for their discussions. There are 9 figures, 1 table, and 7
referencesg 5 Soviet, I German, 1 Britibh
ASSOCIATIONs Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN USSR Khar1kov (Physicotech.-
nical Institute of the AS UkrSSR, Kharlkov)
SUBMITTED: June 24, 1959
Card 3/3

81620
S/181/60/002/06/08/050
B122/BO63
AUTHORSj Garber, R. I., Gindi I. A., Polyakov, L. M.
TITLE: Dispersion and Re-establishment of Contacts Between Micro-
blocks During Plastic Deformation2p
PERIODICAL Fizika tverdogo tela, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 1089 - 1095
TEXT: The low strength of solid bodies after deformation is ascribed to
dislocations, fractures, and microcracks and the resulting concentratioll
of strains which attain the value:of theoretical strength in microregion8.
Furthermore, the formatioY4 splitting, and disorientation of microblocks are
observable. The concentration of strains may be regarded as an increase in
latent energy which is due to the extension of the inner surface brought
about by disorientation. The surface energy of the liberated parts of the
block surfaces would pass over into latent energy. The block dimensions
themselves have a specific value for every material. According to B. M. Ro-
vinskiy and L. M. Rybakova (Ref. 7), this value constitutes a mean value of
split and restored blocks. In this connection, the saturation of the latent
deformaiion energy corresponds to the stabilization of the mean block
Card 1/3 X

81620
Dispersion and Re-establishment of Contacts S/181/60/002/06/08/050
Between Microblocks During Plastic Deformation B122)Bo63
dimensions. The surface energy is determined by formula;y - 01
where a = v/l~ le 7th S/12,
, v denotes the volume of the block, 1 its ng
S is the surface, ~is the material density, q is the latent energy of
plastic deformation on saturp-tion referred to the sample mass, and a is
the mean surface tension. As an exan~ple, I has the value 0-5 for copper,
i.e., on plastic deformation of copper a considerable part of the block
surfaces is without contact with the neighboring block6. It is then oonsi-
dered that a part of the latent deformation energies must be also ascribed
to other causes, such as lattice defects, dislocations, and residual stres-
ses. The latter a3~e determined in metals roentgenographically, and do not
amount to more than 2 ~ of Q. Atomic dispersion and imperfections, de-
termined from the change of resistivity as a result of plastic deformation.,
correspond to only 5 %*of the latent energy Q. 1%us,alziost---the entire latent
energy of the plastic deformation was found to be present as the energy of
the free block surfaces. The process of contact re-establishment was studied
on pressed and high-vaouum heated copper disks, on the change of the ::'low
vel,sity of hydrogen through iron tubes, which were deformed at the tfamper.-
atures of liquid nitrogen, and finally, on the change, caused by annealing
7
Card, 2/3

81620
Dispersion and Re-establishment of Contacts S/1,91/60/002/06/08/050
Between Mioroblocks During Plastic Deformation B122/BO63
in light dispersion intensity of deformed rock salt samples. The setups
used for the investigation are shown in Figs. 1 - 5, and respective re-
8UltS in Figs. 6 - 9. The studies revealed that the activation energy of
contact formation in copper decreases with rising pressure, i.e. the said
formation proceeds very quickly at a certain pressure and also at low
temperatures. In the case of iron, a recrystallization occurs under the
given conditions, which, however, does not necessarily give rise to con-
tacts. It is concluded therefrom that at a certain deformation stage there
is a firm inte'rlinkage between the various contact faces of the blocks
besides dispersion and disorientation. There are 9 figures and 15 refer-
ences~ 10 Soviet, 3 English, 1 Japanese, 1 American.
ASSOCIATIONs Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN USSR, Kharlkov (Physico-
technical Institute of the AS UkrSSR, Khar1kov)
SUBMITTED: August 11, 1959
Card 3/3

81621
S/181/60/002/06/09/0-0
1,082,oo B122/BO63
AUTHORS: Garber, R. I., Grindin, I. A., Lazarev, B. G., Starodubov, Ta.D.
""M.WWW"
TITLE- Low-temperature Rearystallization of Copper
FERIODICALi Fizika tverdogo tela, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 1096 - !098
TEXT: The authors of the present article studied the recrystallization of
copper which was first deformed at the temperatures of liquid hydrogen and
nitrogen, and was then subjected to recrystallization at room temperature.
Tubular copper samples (diameter: 1.5 mm; wall thicknesss 0.45 mm) were
used. The samples were first annealed at 800 0C for 8 hours (at 107 6 torr).
Special care was devoted to the perfect cleanliness of the inner wall of
the tube. The sample was deformed in vacuo at.20 and 4.20K perpendicular 16--o
the tube axis until the inner walls touched, and further., until the plastic.
deformation ~ - 23 %. The sample was then heated at low.'pressure, and kept
at room temperature for 10 - 15 hours. Recrystallization was observed on a
cut -:!f the cross section of the tubes after deep etching, by using a metal-
lographical microscope of the type M~M-6 (MIM-6)(Figs. 1 and 2). Small
Card 1/2 Y

81621
Low-temperature Recrystallization of Copper S/181/60/002/06/09/050
B122/BO63
bridges of reorystallization grains were observed along the contact planes.
With dropping deformation temperature the number of outgrowing grains in-
creased. The experiments showed that copper deformed at low temperatures
is well recrystallizable already at room temperature, and that the idea of
temperature threshold of recrystallization is a preliminary one, i.e., when
constructing the recrystallization diagram it is necessary to consider the
temperature at which the plastic deformation is activated. There are 2
figures and 6 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN USSR, Khar1kov (Physico-
technical Institute of the AS UkrSSRp Khar1kov)
SUBMITTEDs
Card 2/2
August 11, 1959

69698
S/126/6o/oc9/03/021/033
/J"'. P.2 of) E193/E483
AUTHORi Gindinj I.A.
TITLEi On the Effect of Preliminary Straining at 300*K on the
Mechanical Properties of Technical Iron at 77*K
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1960, Vol 9, Nr 3,
PP 447-455 (USSR)
ABSTRACTi According to the theory of dislocations, brittleness of
the body-centred cubic metals is due to blocking of
dislocations on dissolved impurities (Cottrellt atmosphere)
or other obstructions. If this is true, it should be
possil-le to lower the critical temperature of low-
temperature brittleness by preliminary deformation in the
temperature range in which the metal is ductile, followed
by cooling through the temperature range within which
blocking of dislocations takes place. The object of the
investigation described in the present paper was to check
this hypothesis by studying the low-temperature mechanical
properties of technical iron, containing 0.03% C,
pre-strained at room temperature. The experimental
tensile test pieces (1-5 x 3.0 mm cross-sectiong
Card 1/8 10 mm gauge) were prep4red from a central portion of a

69698
S/126/60/009/03/021/033
E193/E483
On the Effect of Preliminary Straining at 3000K on the Mechanical
Properties of Technical Iron at 770K
forging. In order to completely remove the cold-worked
surface layer, the test pieces were etched and
electrolytically polished, after which they were vacuum
annealed at 300 C for 4 h. In the course of the investigation
the microstructure, grain size, character of deformation
and distribution of the slip bands near the fracture of the
test piece were studied. The treatment, illustrated in
Fig 1, to which the test pieces were subjected comprised
three stages: (a) preliminary straining within the
elastic range (up to a stress ao) or preliminary plastic
deformation (up to elongation 60) at room temperature
(3000K), at a low (vl = 0.4 micron/see) strain rate;
(b) slow cooling (approximately 50/min) of the test pieces
under the load applied originally (ie with ao or 60
maintained constant) to the liquid nitrogen temperature
(770K)l straining the test piece to fracture at 770K, at
the normal strain rate Of V2 = 30 micron/see. In all
12 specimens were investigated; the degree of preliminar
. Y/
Card 2/8 elastic or plastic straining to which each specimen had V

On the Effect of Preliminary Straining at
Properties of Technical Iron at 770K
Card 3/8
69698
S/126/60/009/03/021/033
E193/E483
300*K on the Mechanical
been subjected is shown on a strain/stress diagram
reproduced in Fig 21 numbers given by the points on
this diagram devote the number of a given test piece,
while the position of each point shows the magnitude of'
stress a. and elongation 60 attained in preliminary
straining. The numerical values are tabulated on p 449
under the following headings: number of the te4t piece;
stress applied in the elastic range (do, kg/mm2);
degree of plastic deformation (60, %). The results of
the tensile tests at 77*K are reproduced in Fig 3,
showing the automatically recorded strain/stress diagrams,
curves a to z relating to specimens, subjected to
preliminary straining, given by the following datat
a - not subjected to preliminary straining;
b - do = 7.1 kg/mm2; v 00 =-8.7 kg/mm2;
9 - 00 = 15.8 kg/MM2; d do 19-5 kg/mm2;
e - do - 19.9 kg/mm2; zh - do 21 kg/mm2; z - 6o = As;
(the load and strain are represented in these diagrams in
the scale 1 mm = 18 kg and 1 mm. = 45 microns respectively).