SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GRIGORYAN, N.A. - GRIGORYAN, S.S.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: July 27, 2000
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

G1NZB1JR6t V. t.
usm/phy0tcle Jun 1947
Tleotrons - Ulosion
Doppler Iffect
*Wool= of an Tlectron and an Atom Moving Along the
Axis of a Channel in a Dense Hadlun," V. L. G1nzburgj
1. M. Fr&W-,, Corr Mm, Aoad Sol, 4 pp
"Dok Akad Fauk SSSR, Roys, Bar" Vol LVIp No 7
Gives mthtmatloal disouselon concluding that energy
ealesion In oase of a Do 1 r ffect Is determined by
oertain-1muLlas, vith f:gt:r r gt/2. In this regard
gives correct statement on analogous faotor for the
elootron.
6m90

-my 1947
I)Ovplar
Atano 'or Mon That Of
12jer Irfec+ Great .2. %. Lobodevy
WDOI . 1, . f1t Volooity lust imni
Acad Sci UM 4 6
Ow SO 'To, Lvl NO.
k Aksd lisuk "a
*Do
Supposition
vjnMtg vhlob ShOw that an tam in
Dooeribss "Vm dur
rfect, A%2v- SMM=t of o tine it
tbat D*Vler 0~ bpA nO'w e because at t;bi
ccmpact sodium) is ot Correct
be ionlyed
j
+ 4 7
'IS NO. 30, 19h8

es o4s 0 0 0 0
4 1 1 At it u si w Is 16 It 4 to a 11 111 a so a )II v Is 0 Is it If 0 0 9 So 9 X 0 0 it d U W'F
---y F Q I - I
'~'&.Vcto
41
06 m, ~
;
00
00 Z'
0 1491. cdowelaw emy of Imb am
lee
:0 V. L kv. AkdA NwA. smok sw. nz -00
so a!-, 293-30 (194) In Amim.-A *sxy boW on,the
i .
SUNWWW Kudy 0(*A WWWOOM ordavom wNwhq
With boss Md WAbcubL
The rewAs dnived haw,
wfftimb 1*11 dffw (mm thou obtaimid b~
SWIfY OW 11111"M who und a am cbrimisr) :0:
a arrmuAt [Abm. 411.1 (1934). ISIN (19)7)1. 7%
tb-Y Is 111011111111A to dmI soommw O%Cb O"W.
ring dwing a* picipoptimi of radio twova in the
60. sow sumossaim. V. a. -.,So*
j
i'j
96p. L Advu,. 6 Z U U
Asms-VLA 0111TALLUMiCAL
LITIIIIATIol't CLAISAPPICATICIS
i
old.,
111JOSO .10 d"I oft
u 16 AV 10 IC'
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a* *a I to

GIN46M~r, V. L -

Ir
z;,.Vj.L On the theory of tho .0

/huraa; L~,. ,-r I "nct r~z iR 4A

The prese;lt paper, which ir,a orintinuation of a [ar ou,
'-r( hN, the author [Acad. Sci USSR I Phvq 7, 29'~ U4
i t hew Rev 6, 54 1, devvlop- further t*je
I i "- ri, r ic lv'l ves I r. . n
P,
t1it ionosphere under th(~, Intluenct, w !'w
fie! 0. An approximate solut ion of the prop;--sz--itv'f~
tile J.~-~fr
btained. in the

R i,ndcriZ.)es reflection and itt the he,,,irlr,nL

tw IA
A 1
~"
~
.
~.Ujtfior- fireat~ ftkFer the phe-
1111111crioll Of trebling, the occurrence 4 reflection at three
for small angles between the magnefic field -and
. . . . . . 'h. (hrection of propagation- By the u~~e of kinetic thenrv
er -in ft)z the
-VtU 1rQ(:JLCnCY in the prv-,enrv of a ma;~nrtil~~ fivid
N. Rosen (ChapfA [fill. N.
j
I Reviews, Vol 11 No4

LI 8 C',
USSR/Ph~slc_s' Jan 1948
Solar Phaddams,
Radio Waves, Propagation
A'Vew Data an FAdIo Jklesim of the Sun and Galactics,"
_Y._L..GinxI?uv6 20 pp
"Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nank" Vol XXXIV, No 1
Defier ibes. work m sun's radio intensity during eclipse),
.-d4servationa of sun's radio emission at various fro-
qiieneioo, an(I radio mission or galactics according to
Townes' article in "Astronomichaskly Zhurnal" p 135,
1947.
39Tlo6

GINZBURG, V. L.
PA 12/1,9T106
Apr 48
Radio Waves Absorption
Mathematics, Applied
"Absorption of Micro-Raaio waves in the Atmosphere,"
V. L. Gintbarg, 111 pp
"Uspekhi:Fiz Naak" Vol XXXIV, No 4
Mathematical treatment of subject,, 'Reviews multiplet
disintegrettion of oxygen. Discusses absorption
of short sraveo In dry air, atmosphere, rain, fcg
and cloud.

PHASE I TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIGGRATHICAL REPORT - AID 214 - I
BOOK Call No,s QC661.G54
Author: GINZBURG, V.-A.
Full Tit3:-e_.-_MfdTf_0F RADIO-WAVE PROPAGATION IN THE IONOSPHERE
Transliterated Title: Teoriya rasprostraneniya radiovoln v ionosfere
Publishing Data
Originating Agency: None
Publishing House: State Publishing House of TechnIcal Theoretical Literature
(OGIZ)
Date: 1949 No. pp.: 358 No. of copiest 7,000
Editorial Staff
Editor: None Tech. Fd.: Nona
Editor-in-Chief3 None Appraiser: None
Others. Leontovich, M. A., Academician, who reviewed the book and made
certain remarks, and Parlyskaya Z. V. Engineer, who prepared
the graphics.
Text_Data
Coveragea The book covers: the conception of the ionosphere; dielectric constart
and conductivity of an ioniied gas; wave propagation in a non-
homogeneous isotropic medium; reflection of radio-waves from ionosphere
layers; wave propagation in an anisotropic medium, (under the effect
of the earth's magnetic field); solar and galactic radiation.
1/2

Teoriya rasprostraneniya radiovoln v ionosfere 'AID 214 - I
The author limits his work to the physics of the subject, using
mathematical deductions only when absolutely necessary, The book
from this point of view appears to be of a certain interest. However
it seems to be a compilation of known facts and deductions, as is
shown by the very large number of references, and not an original
concept,,
PLurpose. To put the 3ubject within reach of a broader circle of readers.
Facilitiesa The institute of Physics Imeni P. N. Lebedev of the Academy of
Scienees,USSR:,and the Radio-Physics Department of the Main
Administration of Geodetics (GGU)
No. of Russian and Slavic References: 69 out of 147 (1915-1948)
Available: Library of Congress.
2/2

CdNZdU:'G, V. L. PA 30,A49795
'Ton
Piezoelectricity
A
-PoIa.v-1z*tIo,n and thwPlotoeffect a Barium Tltmm-
Noar.Ue Point -of. Selgoto4leotrlc b%neitids
wV'~,L. Gintburg, Phyi Inst Ineni P. N. labodeT. Apa,d
~.soi ussR, 6 pp
fthur Eksper i Tecret Fizw Vol X11, No I
Isinints prdblm of polarization an& peizoeffect. or
barium titanate monocrystals near the point of
S41gooto-electric transition. Also dl"usses ptob-
~isi of.Uspersion.of.dielectric constant of barim
",titanate nsiezrjhe Cur le'temperature. Submitted
309M

diNnUM2
V.- L.
TA 42/49T5
USSR/Aitronomy Mar/Apr 49
Solar Phenomena
Radio Waves - Absorption
"The Absorption of Radio Waves in the Solar
Corona," V. L. Ginz*burg) Phys Inst imeni
P. N, LebedevAcad Sci USSR, Radlopbys Faculty,
Moscow State U, 13 pp
"Astrun Zhur" Vol XXVI., No 2
Itamines varioui; formulas for absorption of
radlo waves In ionized gas (ionosphere, solar
coronal Interstellar gas). Gives results
of studies conducted to determine thickness
,,of solar corma for vaves of varying frequencJas
kin the range 0.15 - 50 motors.
L4ft 42/49T5

rA 67/49TIO5
vM/vir;tC& - Plesc"Miectricity Avg 4~i
-DIelectr1ce
"The Theory of Piezoelectric Phenmena," V. L.
Ginzburg, 36 pp,
Fiz NOW Vol =IVIII, No 4
Disemses (1) the theory of plezoele~tric
pbenowna without considering anisotropy and
voteatisl,, (2) the case of phase transitions
.close to the critical.Potnt, (3) aninotroPY of
dielectric properties and the piezo effect in
barium titamte, (4) the :properties of Rochelle
=4 (5) -VVrftIktrIcs# piqzoelectries, wd
67/49TIO5

SR/Physics - Neli" 11 11 Noy 49 1
Loir Tempiratures
The Theory of Superfluidity and the Critical Speed
'of Helium II V. L. Ginzburg, Phys; Inst imeni
Lebedev, Acad Sci USSR., 4 pp
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol MIX, No-2
]present theory explains well almost all experimental
Ifacts relative"to He iI., However, one very important
"phenomenon -xistenpe of critical speed for super-
Itfluid flow He II -- cannot be quantitatively explaired
:by the theory. This tact seems to indicate necessity
i
'of introducing into the theory more accurate essential"
cbafiges in itis microsropic part: the value of tile
critical speed and its dependence upon the aperturels
width and temperature, Submitted 15 Sep 49 by Aced
M. A. Leontovich.

elf
M-W r'.01. Fa. 20. IZ1IR i;=-"
trarmition In the absence
In the 111 6 intn4ucrd, fixtually
of a sumuc figz==
AuAksmut to the Woutansums powitAtion in the thi4my of
and spontaneous Itmaustisetion III the
t1h=4 of ferrossaptumm. In auakysy with the grocrod be-
of th ce"
tnuisitimila, 7 the 3"Jokeloldft. X74mulm"110 Coble "1sbUOJWtxmymO(
ducting electrons" at therl"od bccmcs s ro
above the crit. temp. W III df=lt 7,qg.xero below it.
TW&"tffwdva wave-luscUm" is nonualiaed in such a Ivey
thd 1#11 reprewals tk cam. of sufiemosdurdusclectrons.
Uq"ikm are derived kc Ike *-function and the vector
.5atW. and we solved km Ow can of a svpercoaductins
Men The 00-7 permits, is contrast to the existing
thmy. cxpvmdm of the surface tenion
~t the boundary of the momal and superconducting
in terma of the crit. omwpmk field and the depth olej.-V
trat" a# the Ilaid low am superconductor. That depth
J4.VUUh OU the &W MfBWb in Strong fiCkfil. PAfti.UI4fIY
in supermuductors of mm&U dimensions. In thin fi",
tbc nusuctic ptnurbatims of the supertmod. is A trAusi-
txm of the 2od kind, md )mLvmcs a trasbitiou of the
Ist " only above a cartam crit. thickam. The ex.
tcmAl crit. magmetk field incrums with deavasing thick-
new of the superconducting film, whereas the crit. dec.
c=eot decreems with the thicknem. X. Than
IV,

C, 1-1 zmjro ~ V. 1-
USSR/Radio - Wave Diffracticn AstroThysics AFr 50
"Diffraction of 3olar ard Cosmic Radio Waves on the Mo-n," G. G. Getmantsev, V. L.
Ginzburg, Physicotech Inst, Gorlkiy State U, 4 yp
I'Zhur Eks-per i Teoret FizII Vol XX, No 4
Discu3ses rrcblem of diffraction cf raclio waves from the sun and cosmic objects by the
moon from standpoint of rossibility of loc-nlizinc- sources of these waves. Submitted
2 Dec 49.
FA 159T107

GIMMIC, V. L.
USSR/Physics - Superconductivity Oct 50
Helium-II*
"Present State of the Theory of Supercon-
ductivity," V. L. Ginzburg
"Uspekhi Fiz Naukft Vol XLII, No 2, pp 169-219
Headings: 1. History. 2. Basic Experimental
Facts. 3. Old Phenomenological Theory. 4. Nev
Phenomenological Theory and Basic Relations.
5. Concrete Results of the Bev Theory. 6. Normal
Current in Superconductors. 7. Normal and
Anomaloua,,Dkin Effect in Metals. To be con-
tinued n4xtlssUe~bf,this journal.
PA 17IT83
Ift 171T83

GIN713URG, V. L.
PA 172T98
USsR/phys),cs - Superconductors Nov 50
Henjili.al-'; :
"present State of the Theory of Superconductivity,"
V. L. Ginzburg
"Uspekh Fiz Wauk" Vol XLII, No 3, pp 333-361
Concluding article considers normal current in
oupercomiuctors, and normal and anomalous skin
affect in metals. Gives extensive bibliography,
consisting of 104 references both Russian and
foreign.
1"

Inzburz, V. L. On. magiieto-hydrod 11MfC Wityes ia a
-
u
SSSK. Zurnal tka 7.
1c
Teorat. F r, 21,

788-794 (1951).~ (Ru
ssian)
The author examines -the problem of mcigneto-hydro- r
dynamic plane waves propagating through ionized gas in
electromagnetic field of constant grivity. Solutions of
linearized equations are obtained which, at the high-
frequency end of the spectrum, corr"pond to the propaga-
tion of radio waves in the ionosphere and,!r the
dhe terrestrial magnetic field, while at IG-A, frequencid,
pass into a form identical with ordinary h r I
approximations. rhe same problem has been tMat
I
very similar results and published atriait simultan .1

Cou y
by Astram [Ark
F
sik 2
44.3-457 (1431)
these
Rev
.
,
;
y
12
778
Z

.17)
.
. Katwe (Mancheste
1
Source., HathaMatiCal

T1
man
-4~'-AITR7 ME PRE,
~,--MMNR, Q.-

IN- M
1=11's
R2 ~.- --n MORRO

V. L. pl~ 1),. 5-?199
USSR/Physics. - Radio-Wave ftding Aug 51
"grfect of 3:nterelectron Collisions on AbsOrPtion
of R&diOw&v(,-6 in p-Layer and in the Solar Corona,"
V. L. Giniblirg, PhYs Imt imeni Lebedev, Acad Sci
USSR
"Zhur Tekh Fiz" Vol XXI, No 8, Pp 943-947
Discusses problem of detg don-en of mols in
F-layer. Shows that under.certain circ=atances,
interesting from the standpoint of F-layer and
solar corona investigations, interelectron col-
Usions do not contribute toradio-wave fading.
Submitted 31 Dee 1950.
19kT99

UM/Physics - Superconductivity SeP 51
"Bebavior of Superconductors in High!Frequency
Field," V. L. Ginzburg, Phys Inst imeni Lebedev,
Aead Sci USSR
"Zbmr Eksper i Teoret Fiz" Vol XXI, No 9, pp
979-991
Discusses eqs representing behavior of supercon-
ductors in alternating electromagnetic field.
Obtains expressions of surface impedance in super-
conduct. Treats problems of verification of elec-
tron theory ~of metals in normal state and heat
conductance of superconductors vith account of
LC
193T93
USSR/Physics - Superconductivity SeP, 51
(Contd)
convective heat transfer. Author tharftAcad L. D.
Landau for advice. Submitted 8 Sep 50.
LC 193T93

Vol Ira,
Septe 1953
J% alas.
41-
of I)Y G
Oade
C-Inada Oj
(1952).
ReAt
23 Aka(j, Nauk,3SSR Tr"Si,,tia, 23 ac-
lZurnal Rk pp,
7 (194 7); Rev. 9, 553. Twmt- Fix 1-Y, 2")

GINZBMCI~ V. L.
. --I-
Theory of Propagation of Hadio Waves in the Ionosphere. Glavljoligratizdat, Kain
Polygray.hic Publishing House, 358 pp, 1952.

GINZBURG, V.L.
Introduction of anisotropy into the theory of superconductivity. Zh.
ekspar. taor. Fiz 23, No.2, 236-8 152. (KIRA 5:9)
(PA 56 no.668:548; 15 )

GINZBURG3 V. L.
y of Electric Fluctuations," Us. - HZZ-
ttProblems of the 'rheoi- '0 ~ nauk 116 No 3, 1952.
U - .1
NUA Augus t 1952

Radio Hotdgyfta.- 21 Jan 51
Cosmic Bay@
!-"Cosmic Rays as tbe~;SoUrce of Galactic Radio Emanation
(Not Spots)," V. L. Ginzburg, Pbys Inst imeni Lebedev,
Acad Sci TJSSR
"DOk Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol LXXVI,'No 3, PP 377-380
Discounts thermal radiation of interstellar electrons
as source of hot spots, as proposed by A. Unsoeld in
Zs- f. Astrophys ., 26, 176, 1949. Considers note-
worthy new proposal that I subject galactic radio em
anation is the Brehmstrahlung of relativistic elec-
tronw-*-- i.e., the electron component of cosmic
178r102
USSR/Physics - Radio Rot Spots (Contd) 21,Jan 51
rjm~~ -- in interstell and circumiitell magnetic
MA, as proposed by Alfven and Herlofson r!Phys Rev"
and Kiepebheuer ("rhys Rev" 79, 738,
3.950). Submitted 24 Nov 50 by Acad M..A. Leontovicb.
178T102

GENZEURL, V. L.
USSR/PhYsies - SuPerconductivity Theory Sep 52
Vresent status of Theory of Superconductivity. Part
n: Microscopic Theory," V. L. Ginzburg
'Vspekhi Piz Nauk" Vol 48, No 1, pp 25-118
Reviews general knowledge on subject, emphasizing
difficulties in creating a general theory. Criti-
cizes hypothesis of spontaneous currents and analyzes
diamagnetic hypothesis and quasimicroscopic approach
to the theory. Gives 136 references.
236T77

USSR/~?Iqsics - Superconductivity 21 Mar 52
"Behavior of Superconducting Films in a Magnetic
Field," V.L. Ginzburg, Phys Inst imeni,Lebedev.0
Aced Sci USSR
"Dok Ak Nauk WSW' Vol 83, No 3, PP 385-388
States that the problem of the behavior of super-
conducting films in a magnetic field possesses
Ist-order significance, but that until recently
the theory of supercond seemed not to be in a
position to give the correct picture of the be-
bav-ior of superconductors in fields. Besides the
remarks made earlier on this matter (see Ginzburs
=~68
and L-.ndau, "Zhur Eksper i Teoret Fiz" 20, 1064
1950),' the author indicates new vorks; (see J'.M.
Locx, Pvoc Roy Soc 208, 391, 1951; N.V. Zavarit-
skiy, "Dok Ak Nauk SSSR7 Vol 78, 665, 1951) vhich
he says, are absolutely against the old theory~
&n& in qual agreementwith facts. Submitted by
Acad L.D. Landau 30 Jan 52.
CCA ~j if F44, ~73)
P_27T68

USSR/AstrononV - Radio Stwe U MY 52
"Interstell Wtter and Ionospheric Disturbances
Leading to Flickering of Radio Stars," V. L. Ginz-
burg, PhyB Inst imeni Lebedev, Acad Sci USSR
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" vol 84, No 2, pp 245-247
Subject was recently analyzed by M. Ryle and
A. Hevish (cf. M. N. Roy Soc, 110, 381, 11050)-
Author states he intends to develop subject by
studying screening action of moon, which should
eclipse, at a certain time, the flow of assumed
interstellar particles to the earth, these
231T6o
particles allegedly being responsible for ioniza-
tion of ionosphere and flickering of radio stars.
Received.28 Jan 52.
231T60

USSR
523.72
Om one posqw M"had= for qomf(c CULS
r9d&tkmrmTtIMM. G.G.G-_-F%(AI?t-.VANDV
L
,
,
G Dckl, Akcd,
-Bu!12- SSSR, 97, No=
AT R=fwr.
-An analr-Is Is giver of (ht hypothesis that these
L4mt, of fnfcn= radiation am caused by rclj6vLSIj-.
Ckc(co
rwarrmtec-sinthenagn--I:crcidofanum t
Do
I
cEd
vulaclom of lite number of electrom to proatliz mt.
ob3w.-A effect am given and f-ad to values of about

GINZBURG V- T.-, IA. L. ALIPERT, and E. L. FE.UIBERG.
Rasprostranenie radiovoln. Moskva, Gostekhizdat, 1953. 883 P.,
illus., tables, diagrs.
Bibliography: p. 870-883. ZF5 referenceE7.
Title tr.: Radio wave propaCation.
Qc66i.A42
SO: Aeronautical Sciences and Aviation in the Soviet Union, Library of
ConMss, 1955.

ul

'7,

7
40t Ou co-tain questilins in Itle th~ury-of l1w
PMR~~,Ailn &(:% raffia irav~ k. the ioak,6ph~re in eOn.

civizilt-ttu. 711. A-Spa,
~25 No. 4
A dikussion cf mimakci in V. N. KCSN~nikll,s
(extbook, Vie prapag"flan uj a wdia- w-1,e (19 * il),
under the ha:dings: (1) 'nj~ qoe,tijin tof ih.--
ridd- (E ~- E~ - br E r (4,-,;3)p7)-, (2) 'flic
of a xvive ftoju rin lk-niAng, jiiyvr, (3) The
ildlltcncc of the wtth'i Iltagliclic (Od ard VIC tcwt
thc multitification rctiectal tadlu
J. $VaATFCVI

GINZBURG, V.L.
Relativistic OgyrationO and the theory of non-localizing
TuKawa fields. Xhur.eksp. i teor.fix. 25 no.6:737-759 D 133.
(Field theory) (MLHA 7:10)

USSR/Nuclear Physics - Cosmic Rays' Nov 53
O,rigin
"The Origin of Cosmic Rays and Radio-Astronomy,"
,V. L. Ginzburg
Usp Fiz Nau7k, Vol 51, No 3, VP 343-392
A review of current literature, Western and
Soviet, on the subjects: cosmic radio-emanation
and electron component of cosmic rays; movement
of charged particles. in interstell-ar space; the
statistic mechanism governing the acceleration
of particles in interstellar space and in the
272T54
shells of stars; theory of the solar origin of
cosmic rays; the theory that supernovae and novae
are the probable sources of cosmic rays. cites
30 Western and 25 Soviet references: Ya. P.
Terletskiy, G. G. Getmantsev;"I. S. Sbkloviskiy,
L. A. Artaimovich',' I. Ya. Pomeranchuk, V. V.
Vladimirskiy, A. A. SokolovY 1. M. Frank,' S. B.
Pikel Iner',''. I. M. Gordon (DAN USSR,- No 3, 1953),
V. 1. GqV.danskiyY'-:A. L. Lyubimov,'B. V.
Medvedev,' A. A. Logunov,,L. E. Gurevich, and
S. Z. Belen Ikiy.
272T54

Ec
Scl.
'nit UINIM etc ly
flux is ~Tlsmssvf In rcLation w
clcctfGz!3
I
-:I Ir
LI
eut no
a flid of MMS is *.Oftu
01, crmy gf4almi-tlhon 5'.4-10W `0 likely t-1
11- rLLIOT. &k\ -
in OP

J
523,72 523 877
of the amk~mdr
.479. lb. t,#ht1CaI rmcbmu! V L.
sun and ill Stellar sliells.
Wes on lilt
Nai, Vft, 92,
:~Jj ,I U
e,-207. P"O;Jes
Th': 116-11, for th': ;":"
'I' -",-'Ili (if 014
on tho wr, 3rd ill 't "t A Nr
-;Unjim (prill",j t~y vCrmi in D 1
Cal Inec it, iumsIdUf
COIjjAiO1]L% With Wfbo':n~C! ,,f 50t1l" 1`0"i
C"l. In a 601v d I- ~. - ..., Could leach
"Oin, On, MV:
Q 111).ction cr rt;lts
Md.
Ons .111A
for plot
ra-,,

u s s R
521165 537.391.1 523.E4iA*l"
70746. ~0-)tMQVu und novac xv saurcts Lit cwLiLc-
:,end 4~nl
JWIVA41*01, ) DAL Akad.
Nauk- SSSR, 92, No.-6;--MY~6'11953) In ltiwlan.
Engli5h trunilation, V.S. Milonal Set. Found.
Mr-Ir-7.30.
Order or m1pilude cWmat~s of the cnvrgy ilm, at
vhiblc and rad,(, wavol-rigib to bL exptc1cd froin
brtimstrahlung or rclativi,,li clecticim in nwppwilc
IlOds assmilled Mth novjc and StIpT,ovac. Coal-
parlion with da,a on supcmovic of A.IJ, 361), Mt,
1572.

AMMTSUMYAN, V.A., akademik, redaktor; 21MBURG, V.L., radaktor; LEYKIN, G.A.,
kandidat fiziko-matematicheskikh - 554i WSWICH, A.G., kandi-
dat fiziko-matematichaskikh TERIETSKIT, Ta.P., doktor
fiziko-matematichookikh nauk, rodaktor; SHKIoUVSKIT, I.S., doktor fiziko-
matematichaskikh nauk,, radaktor-, FMKIN, Me. radaktor; ALEKSEMA,
TeVe, takhnicheekiy radaktore'
[Transactions of the Third Conference on Problems of Cosmogony, May
14-15, 1953- Origin of cosmic rays] Trudy ... soveshchaniia ... 14-15
maia 1953 g.; proiekhozhdenie koemicheakikh luchei. Mosicia, Izd-vo
Akademii nauk SSSR, 1954. 319 P; (MLRA 8:4)
1. Chlen-korrespondent AN SSSR (for Ginzburg).
(Cosmic ra7s)

JMIZM~,-,G, V. L.
USSR/Astronomy
Card 1/1
Author Ginzburg,, V. L. Menb. Corresp. of Acad. of Sc. USSR
Title Radio-Astronowj
Periodical Pr1roda, 5, 12-210 May 1954
Abstract z The basic problem of radio-astronomy Is the study of extraterres-
trial rpAlAtions in the interval of from 7 mm to 30 m. The develop-
ment of radio-astronopW congiderably enlarged the part of the alec-
trcmignetic wave spectrum uned for astronomical Investigations. The
basic val-ae of applying radio methods In astronorwj is that the radio
radiation of the sun and many other cosmic objects is usually emanated
from zones of irery weak illumination in the visible part of the spec-
trum. The bas_'~c objects studied by radio methods are: the sun, our
galactic3 as a wh3lt and Individual galactic and extragalactic nebulae.
Fadio-mtthod-- are also highly effective In the study of meteors and for
astrophysical investigations. Another Interesting radio-astronomical
task is the rallio location of tho moon (5ick up of radio signals sent
from the earth and reflected by the moon Photos.
Institution :
Submitted :
F
YK --T 7.
'77
7
RM

V
V516CA/Physics Properties of metals
Pub, 43 - 3/62
Authors .3 Ginzburg) Vs L,~, and Motulevich, G. P.
Title I Optical properties of metals
Pe-'0'0d'CS2 I !zv. AN SSSR. Ser, fiz. J.8/6, 631-634, Nov-Dec 1954
AbOtract I Report *rias submitted at the 9-th All-Union Conference on Spectroscopy
describing various means for studying and determining the optical proper-
ties of metals with the aid of spectroscopy. The parameters most important
in determining.the characteristics of metals are listed. The instr=ents
normally employed in metal spectroscopy are described. Sixteen referencent
5 USSRj 3 Germans 1 English and 7 USA (1913-1954). Table; graph.
institution Acad. of So., USSR, The P. N. Lebadev Physics Institute
Submitted

Ar Z -E Ue 6~ V. I- -
ussr,/Nuclear P~Ysics - wave equations FD-747
Card 1/1 : Pub 146-17/22
Author : Ginzburg, V. L., and Silin, V. P.
3-7 P"', it ~!'
Title Some remarks on relativistic wave equations with mass spectrum
Periodical Zhur. eksp. i teor. fiz., 27, il&u% Jul 1954
Abstract Letter to the editor. Analyze equations from works by H. Yukava
(Pbys. Rev. 91 [1953)). A. Pais (physica, 19 [19531) and J. Rayski
(Nuovo Cimento, 10, (19531) and the reasons for the divergences in
computations. 11 references, including the 3 mentioned foreign.
Institution : Msical Institute imeni Lebedev, Acad. Sci. USSR
Submitted : April 19, 1954

GINZBURG, V.L.
V.N.Iressenikh's old and new errors. Zhur.eksp. I teor.fiz. 27
no.4:517-520 0 154. (MLR& 7:12)
(Radio waves) (Kesaenikh, V.N.)

GINZBURG. V.L.
Radio astronomy. ftiroda 43 no.5:12-21 Ky 054. NLRA ?:5)
1. Chlen-korrespondent Akademil nauk SSSR. (Radio astronomy)

6114anG, V. L.
USSR/Physics
Card. 1/1
Author 2 Ginzburg, V. L.
Title I ~i-
n about the application of thermodynamics to electrical
fluctuation
Periodical : Usp. F1z. Navk, 520 FA.,3j 494 .498,, March 1954
Abstract : In answer to the letter by M. L. Levin (pages 486 -494) regarding
thermodynamic Investigation of electrical fluctuations the author
accus~ka the.latter of presenting an erroneous and false picture of
the subject. It is emphasized that the analysis of the problem as
presented by G. S. Gorelik is by no means complete and strict In all
view points. On the contrary, there are moments in the limits of
applicability of the thermodynamic approach which require further
thorough analysis. A eummary of the original Gorelik work is includ-
ed in the letter. Eight reforencea.
Institution .......
Submitted

GINSBURG, VA.
Red displacement in solar and stellar spectra. Dokl. AN SSSR 97
no.4; 617-620 Ag 154, (MIRA 7:9)
1. Chlea-korrespordent Akademli uauk MR. 2~ Ftzicheakiy Institut
Lm. P.N.Lebodeva AkaAemli uauk SSSR.
(Min-Spectra) (Stare-Speetra)

C-DIM VI-IG,. V.
USSHIPhysics - Optico in metals
card'A i Pub. 22 - 3.4/44
Authors : Ginzbu:vg, V. L. member corresp. of the Acad. of Scs. of the USSR
Title : About optical properties of metals
Periodical ; Dok, AN SSSR 97/61 999-1002, Aug 21, 1954
Abstract : A study of the optical properties of metals is described. The
study was intended to create a dependable theory that would
explain the major portion of the optical phenomena observed
during experiments with metals and to show that the experi-
mental data would not deviate from theoretical calculations.
Fourteen references (1912-1954).
Institute 2 Physical Institute im. P. N. Lebedev of the Acad. of Ses. of the
USSR
Submitted :

TJSSH/ Physics - Cosmic rays
Card 1/1 Pub. 22 - 10/56
Authors Ginsburg, V. L., Member Correspondent of the Acad. of Scs. of the USSR
Title On the origin of cosmic rays
Periodical s Dok. An SSSR 99/5, 703-706, Dee 11, 1954
Abstract t The current theories on the origin of cosmic rays are criticized. These
theories, shared by Fermi, Morrison and others, are based on the assumptionct
interstellar acceleration acquired by primary particles due to their collis-
ions in 5~alaxies. The criticism minly analyses Fermi's expression fcr an ixi.
dex sharrin,~ the cosmic ray ener,rry in the spectrum, (where T - the
life of a particle in the gralaxies, Ck - the coefficient in the equation of the
particle acceleration . 2 _ u2v ) and those discrepancies and
d E =(A E e -.:: ~u
__2
Tt c~EL c.7T
Z
contradictions which one finds by substitutin,,, sor-- exrerimental date into
the above equation. Thirteen references 7-USSR (1949-1954).
Institution The Physical Institute im. P. N. Lebedev of the Acad. of Scs. of the USSR
Submitted

GINSBURGO V. L.
"The Nature of Cosvic Radioemission and the Origin of Cosmic Raysp*
paper submitted at the International Astronomical Union Radio Astronowy
Symposium.. Jodrell Bank., UK,, Avg 1955
A-40421 - Il

J, F/
534 22 .23
BC"EEN
.6L%EOL UMW ~-Rll
09. THF
- . 'GM r, I I
D pl~ r M~_ . to t~.
T1014 Ali~ 34 1 SL I 'S icitio
tj Vol. 1. No. , ed firsi to -IV,
z tes topic is discuss kno*n
Thill forolulao, are derivO
miltelent. Wily
III are Obla c the
and I case Iron to
J551w"Jagg ft... the "Oust,
the pe,ullarities dist .11SHed.
OUC &to
alectraInnn

GJ%BURG.V.L.-,GRAMITSKIY, I.N.;KASHLINSKAYA, S.Ye.;LIVSHITS, D.K.
Spectrographic determination of minor impurities in a few raw
materials. semi-.finished products and pure metals in copper
and nickel production. Izv.AN SSSR.Sor.fis.19 n0.2:211-216
Mr-Ap 155. (KLRA 9:1)
(Tartu---Spectrum analysis--Congresses)

W 311 31
2075 INFLUENCE OF'JNj-FR-,EI,FCTI?
.c~'i cou.1510-;s
ON TFir FLECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THE Sr-Iii-
r IN Y
ETALS V L. ffnibur- I'A KEj~ii
~
Zth.. teor. FIZ., (34-74 (1955) In
~~
R

uss 13 a.
R.
Gmtham and Krordr,'f! Statement that the clectron Yisc~~-
ity in netals, re-3tilting from elu,tr~r. ~,ll
t,( metli6 f,,r
j.j. -d This woulk! 4e ;M;* LA;:
a,.d thtrmal corAuclivity, xkin effert oc 't fil.-O I
u.e at~ ve aut tor s' m effitA is i --,~ r r
Wrong Excepi fur Yery litV
' h
tron iweractiLm are nelilgible
Electncal Re~earrq As-ciatl-~

77, 7,
.ILI

USSR/Atomic and Molecular Physics - Low Temperature Physics, D-5
Abst Journal: Referat Zhw- - Fizika, No 12, 1956, 34429
Author: Ginzburg, V. L.
Institution: Wone
Title: On the Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity
Original Periodical: Zh. eksper. i teoret. fiziki, 1955, 29, tio 6, 710-761
Abstract: A discussion of many problems in the theory of superconductivity in con-
stant and variable fields. Certain experimental data on the dependence of the depth
of penetration of (s on the magnetic field and on the magnitude of the surface ten-
sion between the superconducting and normal phases are nort in agreement with the
V. L. Ginzburg and L. D. Landau theary (Zh. eksper. i teoret. fiziki, 1950, 20, 1064)-
Agreement is possible if it is assumed that the characteristic charge, entering into
the theory, is Dot equal to the charge of the electron and exceeds it in magnitude by
several times. Pippard'B experiments, which give for lead a nonmonotonical behavior
of the dependence of 5 on the angle between the current and the tetragonal nXis of
the specimen, contradicts not only the Ginzburg and Landau theory, but also the
London theory. However, the experimental data themselves are still not sufficiently
I of 3 - 1 -

;SR'/At =Ic and Molecular Physics - 1".r Temperature Physics, D-5
Ah5t jDurnal: Referat Zhur - Fizika, No 12, 1956, 34429
Ai,thor: Gimburg, V. L.
Institution- None
Title: On the Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity
Original Periodical: Zh. eksper. i teoret. fiziki, 1955, 29, No 6, 748-761
Abstracti reliable. Because of this, and because of many other considerations, the
author considers the equation suggested by Pippard in lieu of the London equation to
be invalid for the connection between the density of the superconduction current vs
and the vector potential A of the magnetic field. The section of the article devoted
to the behavior of superconductors in high frequency fields contains a summary of
equations relating the surface impedance, the effective conductance, and the effec-
tive diel-ectric constant of the metal for the general case (for the linear region,
at small fields) for the case of a superconductor. Analysis of the numerical data,
obtained from optical investigations, leads the author to the conclusion that the
number of superconducting electrons at T w 0 is several times smaller then the num-
ber of conduction electrons at T > Tk- In this manner, a portion of the conveeion
2 of 3
N,
98 4_
io -.0

USSRI/Atomic and Molecular Physics - Low Temperature Physics, D-5
Abst journal: Referat Zhur - Pizika, No 12, 1956, 34429
Author: Ginzburg, V. L.
Ins-Utution: None
Title: On th6 Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity
Original Pericdical: Zh. eksper. i teoret. fiziki, 1955, 29, No 6, 748-761
Abstract: electrons should change over to the bound state in the superconduction
transition. The last section of the article discusses attempts to estimate the con-
tribution of normal electrons to the surface impedance of the superconductor under
the assumption that the theory of the anomalous skin effect is applicable to them.
The calculations made by the author using a simplified scheme (Zh. eksper. i teoret.
fiziki '. 1951, 21, 979) are compared with the calculations made by A. A. Abrikosov
(Dokl. AN SSSR, 1952, 86, 43). The difference in the results can 'oe substantial only
4n the v4cinity of T = 0 and T z Tk- In conclusion, the need for further measure-
ments of the properties of superconductors in the region of centii::eter, millimeter,
and infrared waves is emphasized.
3 of 3 - 3 -

USSR/Physics Helium II
Card 1/1 Pub. 146 - 22/26
FD-288r~-
Author Ginzburg, V. L.
Title Surface energy connected with tangential discontinuity of velocity in
helium II
Periodical Zhur. eksp. i teor. fiz., 29, August 1955, 254-256
Abstract The writer notes that one of the most essential problems in the
theory of superfluidity is, as already indicated by him (ibid.,
14, 135, 1944; DAN SSSR, 69, 161, 1949), the question of the char-
acter of the tangential break in the velocity of the superfluid part
of helium) vs, at the boundary of the liquid with the wall, the
presence of such as discontinuity proceeding from the fact that the
helium atoms stick to the wall (solid body) and simultaneously the
tangential component vs near the wall is not equal to zero from the
macroscopic viewpoint, i.e. even in the immediate neighborhood of the
wall (L. D. Landau, J. of Phys., 5) 71, 1941). The author thanks
Academician L., D. Landau and Professor Ye. M. Lifshits. Ten references.
Institution : Physics Institute im. P. N. Lebedev, Academy of Sciences USSR
Submitted : April 21, 1955

H,,sj-,rnan
the
OC4 L
(Russian
"he
It is pointed out tht i~crjcai d
,1110~v the
neCtions- onC mu5t
T)hysical COn .~,n The tht
to depcqd on (hrec, t ,,,c fieW
'~hernial c0nducti"'t'es ctiiffl/b"- a. ni,1411
of conve
of the i hibition 'r' -,- - )7- 11 R
Vja-L. 77) 4~ (195/1-
Chandraffll",T-~ar"-- ~e4e effects-
to take into account t
14, 813Yis revised of magnitude of the vanous
of 'he orders ibition Will be
discils'iGn involved sub' St thZ the inh
9e [ated.
q~~Jjties . -the appli;~ations conteMP! wis
e 'asek,:al, (NVilhams Bay,
iji ffective in , Chattd_
S------ -

PIKICLONER, S.B.; GINZORG, T.L.; SiUMVSKIT, I.S.
Mechanism of particle acceleration iD aRvelopes of aov&e &ad
supernovae. Astrou. zhur. 32 ne.6:50-513 N.-D 055.
(Stars, Now) Ouak 9:2)

ISVIN,K.L.; GINZBURG.V.L.-
Application of thermodYmMics to electric fluctuations. Usp.
fiz. nauk 56 no.1:146-148 My 155. (MLIRA 8:6)
(Blectromagnette theory) (Thermodr=ice)

GINZBURG, V.L.; FBYNBM, Ye.L.
I ~ %--. 9, ~-, -A ~ ! ~ ,
Igor' Bygenlevich Tamm; on his 60th birthday. Usp.fiz.nauk 56
ne.4:469-475 Ag '53- (miak 9:1)
(Tamm, Igerl lwgOnlevich, 1895-

NS 13 U RC-
U5,6R/`. -Physics I-L-tallo-opticls
CWMI!~~ Pab. 118 - 1/~'i
Authors GirBburg., V. Ib. and lbtulevich, G. P.
Title I Optical properties of me-tals
Periodical I Usp. fiz. naiik 55/4, 469-535., Apr 1955
Abetrdot i A theoreticalexperimental analysis of the optical characteristics
of metals is presented. The effective indexes of refraction -
neff(w)j and absorption -D(eff(w) - of light by metals are
discussed, The methods of their determination are described, as
well as the determination ofthe A(w), a quantity of light absorbed
by metal when the .light falls normally upon the wtal surface; thus',
AM=l-r(w), where the r(w) is.a coefficient of light reflexion by
a metal. However, only the simple cases are considered in which
light, of tN) iara-red spectral region frequencies, is reflected,
'.by an isotropic surface of non-magnetic metals, i.e., cases in
~~whicK the quantum absorption does not take place. Sixty-five
-6 USSR
ireferences: 9 German, 9 British, 24 USA and 7 French
'(1906-1955). Tables; ------
JIM[
MM-M
M
OEM 31 =01
-W W__ L W.: ~ !2_-~ ZR ?_

115,M/Physics Electron emission
Card 1/1 Pub. 22 - 11/54
Authors s Ginzburg, Va 1.9,p Memo Corresp. Acad. of Ses-,U_O_'R, and ShebandkiYo V, P*
TLtle t Kinetic Temperature of elctrons in metals and anomalous electron amission
Periodical a Dok. AN sssR loo/3, 445-448, 7an. 21, 1955
Abstract f A theoretical analysis of the kinetic temperature of electrons in metals
is presented. Cases are considered in which the fo (symmetric function
of distribu-vion) is not equal to the fr(t) (the Fermi function of
distribtttion), but, due to an electron collisioneat certain temperatures,
equals fF (0-). 1'..e :V0.1 rF (.&) # where 0- and T are corresponding tem-
peratures and,06YA Such a fact does not change much the electric con-
ductivity of a metall but the electron emission is greatly affected by
it, as one can see from: e2 '40'ta-KIKO' , x being the output worke Eight
referencess 7 USSR and I English (1937-1954)-
Institution t Aced. of Scs.9USSR# Fe No Lebedev Physical Institute
Submitted t ..... so ...

9/"' z 43 U/0' G V.
USSR/Physics - Ionoaphe're
Card 1/1 Pub. 22 -- 10160
Authors I Gershman, B. N'. and Ginzburg, V. L., Memb. Correep. of the Aced.
of Sea * of the USSR
Title I About thelmachanism of the formation of ionospheric heterogeneity
Periodical i
Abstract t
Institution s
Submitted
Dok. AN SSSR 100/4, 647-65o, Feb 1. 1955
Convective instability as a cause of the hetcrogeneity of the ionosphere,
is discussed. Theruml conductivity, viscosity of the ionoschere and
magnetic field effect are considered as possible factors in the formation
of such an instability, Fifte4n referencess 5 USSR and 10 British
(1930-1954)-
Physico-Technical Research Institute of the Gorkiy State University

GINZBURG, V.L.
Light scattering In the neighborhood of second-order phase
transition points. Dokl. AN SSW 105 no.2:240-243 '55. (NLHA 9:3)
1. Chlon-korrespondent AN SM: 2. lizicheskiy institut iment
P.M. Lebedeva Akadenii nauk WAR.
(Light--Scattering)

GINSBERG, V. L. (moscow)
"On superconducting ferromagneties," a paper submitted at the
Intennational Conference on Physics of Magnetic Phenomena, Sverdlovsk,
23-31 May 56.

GINUEM, V. L., SIIKLOVSKIY, 1'. S. and PIKELINEM, 5. B.
"Radio Radiation of Discrete lources," a report delivered at the Symposium on
Radioastronomy hold at the Jodell-Bank Expei-imental Radioastronomical Station,
Manchester University, Englan, is summarized in the atcount of this symposium in
ali article by V. V. VITKEVICII in Vest. Ak. Nauk SSSR for January 1956.
Sum. goo, 26 ADr 56

GIMUI*, T.Lq,."redaktor;-LBTKIN, G.A.. kandidat f1s.-mat. nauk, redaktor;
VWACM, 11,14, kandidat f1s.-unt. nauk, redaktor; SHXUXUff,
doktor fis.-mat. nank; FRADKIII, M.I.. redaktor; KAKWI, Yo. T..
tokhnicheekly redaktor.
[Proceeding@ of the Fifth Conference on Problems nf Cosmogon
y;
ra.dloastronourl TrudT Platogo.soveshchaniia po voprosam koismo-'-
genii; radioastronowita. Moskva, 1956, Izd. Akademit. neuk S381.
567 P. (K= 9:5)
I.Soveshchan%ft po Yoprosam koemogoulL 5th, Moscow 1915.2.Chlen-
korrespondent AN SM (ior Gluxburg).
(Radio astronomy)

z
tegory USSR/Radiophysics Application of radiophysical methods 1-12
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957,N0 1967
Author Ginzbur V L Pieardva,, V-V.
V * ~6'~
Title ~he Na~ture of the Fluctuations of the Intensity of Solar Radio Waves and
of the Irregularities in the Solar Corona.
Ox4g Pub Tr. 5-go soveshcl~aniya po vopr. kosmogonii. 1955, M., AN SSSR, 1956, PP9-241,
diskus. 241
Abstract A theoretical evaluation is made of the mechanism of scattering of radio
waves by the irrelpilarities of the solar corona. The fluctuations in the
intensity of the received radio waves, caused by diffraction, may be of two
types: diffra9tion in the corona may make the field of the radlo wavesi in-
homogeneous in the coordinate system that is tied to the sun, and the rotation
of the'sun with the motion of the earth will cause fluctuations in the in-
tensity to be Observed on the earth; the diffraction pattern cbAnges on the
sun itself owing -to the motion of corona Irregularities. The following sim-
plified situs+ion is considered: diffraction occurs in the corona at the ed:ge
of the thin non-4transparent semi-infinite screen. The resultant diffractio4
pattern (with a characteristic dimension xO = 7000 km for )-N=1.5 m ) will
move relative to an observer on earth, so that at points located at various
longitudes a shift will be observed in the patterns (with time), equal to
Card 1/2

/7 C'W C,/ V
1-12
pgoiy : USSR/Radiophysics - Application of racliophysical methods
-Abs Jbur : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957,No 2000
Author :Ginzburg, V.L.
Title :Co_B~ ~c ffoaveis and Cosmic Rays
Orig Pub :Tr. 5-90 soveshelumiya po vopr. koomogoaii. 1955, M., AN SSSR, 1956, 438-456
diskus. 457-467
Abstract : New data are reported concerning the nature of cosmic radio waves, and new
materials are cited on h theory of the origin of cosmic rays, which is re-
lated to radio astronomy (identification of the fundamental part of cosmic
radio radiation with magnetic bremsstrahlung of electrons of cosmic rays).
An argLment in favor of such a theory is the "radio coronas" observed by
Baldwin (Ref, Zhur. Fiz. 1956, 23594) in the M31 nebula, confirming the gal-
actic origin of the isotropic component of the radio waves. The hyjO~thesis
thpLt novas and supernovas are sources of cosmic rays is confirmed by'the
radio waves from the Eagle Nova of 1918, the similarity between the SILbsystem
formed by sources of cosmic rays and the s74system of the novas and supernovas,
etc. The latest data,on cosmic rays (high-latitude cutoff, charactei of inter-
actions between protons and nuclei, relationships between beams of various
groups of nuclei, etp.) also fit completely into the picture proposed.

C
J:tegory : USSR/Radjophysics - Application of radiophysical methods 1-12
Abs. Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, Np 1, 1957 No 2000
During the discussions, I.M. Gordon deduced from energy coAsiderations
that the statistical mechanism, effective in the shells of stars, cannot be
employed to explain the acceleration of eleatrons. The electrods are ac-
celerated not in the shells, but in the ztars themselves (particularly, in
the supernovas themselves).
The balanced speactrum of the electrons in the galaxy, acdording to a com-
ment made by M.I. Fradkin during the discussion, becomes steeper in the higher-
energy region as a result of the radiation in the magnetic fields, and be-
comes less sloping in the lower- energy region as the result of the ionization
losses. Accordingly, the radiation spectrum produced by these electrons will
be less steep in the region of the longer waves (hundreds of meters), and
steeper in the shorter-wave interval. Pibliography, 56 titles.
USSR/Radiophysics - Application of radiophysical methods 1-12
Abr... jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957, No 2oo4
Author Ginzburg, V.L. egularities, Resulting
Title %-Ee -Mech!Mism qf the Formation Of Ionospheric Irr
in the Flicker of "Rad-iO Stars
orig Pub Tr. 5-90 sove5hchanlya Po vopr. kosmogonii. 1955, M., AN SSSR, 1956, 512-519
ions in the intensity and in the angle at which radio waves from
Abstract Fluctu~At It
discrete sources arrive at lae earth (called the f licker of radio stars")
are due to Ionospheric irregularities. Three mechanisms by vhichlirregular-
ities are kormed are considered: 1) the incidence of interstellar matter,
attracted by the sun) on the ionosphere; 2) convective instability, Occuring
in regions with a negative temperature gradient; 3) turbulizatiOll, due to ,
ionospheric winds. Although the first mechanism explains the observed daily
course of the flickering, there are many observation data to refute this
hypothesis (flicker due to solar eclipsesj relationship to ionospheric vindsy
etc.). The convective hypothesis can be assum1d. acceptable, if one can es
tablish the existence of regions with negative temperature gradients in the
ionosphere. The proposed turbulization of the ionospheric stream encounters
many difficulties (the small R~ynolds numbers), although an argment in its
favor is the observed corre34tion between the flicker and the ionospheric
Caxd

Cat,%O~ry USSR/Radiophysics - Application of radiophysical methods 1-12
Abs.Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957 No 2oo4
winds, and the fact that ionoGpheric winds exist. In view of the lack of
agreement between the first hypothesis and experiment, two alternatives re-
main, the choice of which depends on results of further observations on the
ionosphere, on the correlation between the flicker and the ionospheric
winds, etc. Biblioi;raphy, 12 titles.
Card 2/2
Category USSR/Radiophysies - Application of radiophysical methods 1-12
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957 No 2010
Author Giazburg) V-L.
Title Address af-E-he Closing Session
orig Pub Tr- 5-go soveshchan:Lya PO vopr. kosmogonii. 1955, M., AN SSSR, 1956, 562-564
Abstract Formulation of many urgent problems that must be solved by radio astronomy)
including the determination of the spectrum of the rAdjo waves from the
galaxy and from discrete sources, search for the polarizatipn of the radi-
ation from cosmic sources, the study of the sporadic radiation from the sun,
intergalactic monochromatic radiation of hydrogen; etc. it is indicated that
it is necessary to develop radar Methods for the investigation of Meteors,
the moon, the planets, and the sun, and that it is necessary to establish
a close collaboration between radio astronomy and optical astronomy and the
physics of cosmic rays.
Card

7 N-19= -MR,
;P, HE EFFICCT
THE IUCAL'r -
9LE,;T W- gvc=y AND sm.
META LS V L. G inzburg and V. P 511 in . p N I, r-j.
[psi 0" Ph~~Ica -Ui.E.R.) Sovie( Pl,~,_ i,
(1956.1 Ptr. (In Englith). Zhur. EkajAl-'-: T----i _Fit !j
a.4-1409S!) July an Rv-IA.)
T~. ctf-ct (If culliGlous 4~twe.n i-i -,a,
ec-miuctivIly ind hkin affect if'.
If. mastdc red. The questlan of clectron= vtt;coguy L-- ai~
cunsed. It Is shown Mat taWtr accuunt of
CollistaA.5 JUSS ncE Wroduce %dablv'tbanges Into the r,
iiufts of44~ thL-Gry of the arimalms Rkin vffc~ct 1r, n;~ I.t!i;
(auth)

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Category : USSR/Theoretical Physics - Theory of Relativity and Unified Field B-2
Theory
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 2, 1957 No 2910
Author : Ginzburg V L.
Title 1-iijir-W-e-n'd-i Verification of the General Relativity Theory and
Artificial Earth's Satellites.
Orig Pub : Priroda, 1956, No 9, 30-39
Abstract : So abstract
Card : 1/1

Distri 4ZI-4d
Ginzb V. L. On relativis.,je

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N Z~D
Cl~
US&VPI~YSICS of the Atmosphej:4,a - Upper Layers of the Atmosphere. Ionosphere., M-6
Abst Jc5uxnal: R*,-rat Zhur - ftzika, No 12, 1956;~ 36222
Aur,hort Gershman, B. N., Ginzburg, V. L.
Institution S licne
TI.tl-jz Ou the Effect of the Magnetic Field cn the C--~nvective Instability
to th,--i AtmouphereB of Stars and in the Earth's Tonoaphere
arig:Wal
Periodical: Uch. zap. Gor'kovsk,. un-ta, 1956, 30, 3-29
Abstra,-;t: Amalysis of the problFw of tb-n effect of the magnet1c field on the
c(mveat.ive instability under conditions when the electric conduc-
tivity is &ni"tropic ~exact.ly what occl)xs tn the loncephere and
under certain astrophysical conrittions). Tt is shown that in the
earth's ionosphere, by virtue of the presence of a considerable
number of molecules, the magnetic fJeld pract,.cally hardly changes
the Rayleigh critical Dimber.. At the same time, In a ptLr,~jy
electron-lQu plasma, t1va, elff~ct .1'f the magnetic field may be con-
siderable, although it chan* if the anisotropies of the electric
and thermal conductivities are taken Into account.
Card Ill

Cat.'i9--y : USSR/Nuclear Physics Cosmic rays C-7
Abs'Jour : Ref Zhur - Mika, No 1, 1957,No 615
Author : Ginzburg, V.L.
Inst of sciences USSR
Title :On the Origin of Cosmic Rays.
Orig Pub :Izv. AN SSSR, ser. fiz., 1956, 20, No 1, 5-16
Abstract :Certain new investigations are evaluated from the point of vi-ew of a
theory, based on radio-astronomical data, developed by the author and
others concerning the origin of cosmic rays in supernove, and nova stars.
In particular, the latest radio-astronomica!L'investigations on.the q~zasi-
spherical distribution of galactic*radio waves indicate a similar distribution
of cosmic rays in the galaxy; the detection of radio waves from nova stars
donfirms indirectly the previous assumption that cosmic rays are Generated not
oaly in supernovas, but also in novas, analysis of the distribution of the
cosmic radio waves over the heavens has shown that the sources of the prima y
cosmic rays occupy a region shaped like strongly flattened opkeroid with a
radius of almost the same size as the distance between the Bun and the center
of the galaxy. The recently established fact that the high-latitude ciAtoff
in the spectrum of protons and multiple-charge nuclei occurs at the same
Card 1/2

530.12 531.51
.1". APPUTCATIONT' OF FOR
F, V i I N
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sigl:AI.9 ~!n. rv
JTIL-

"Inte'g'ory: USSR/Atomic and Molecular Physics - Inw-temperature Physics D-5
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 2, 1957 No 3528
Author Gimburg, V-L.
Inst yzics Inst ute, Academy of Sciences USSR
Title CertbAn Remarks Concerning the Macroscopic Theory of Supercond'activity.
OriG Pub Zh. eksperim i teor. fiziki, 1956, 30? No 31 593-595
Abstract The author and ImWau (Zh. eksperim. i teor. fiziki, 1950, 20, lo64)
developed a macroscopic theory of superconductivity for the case TK -T
/ 10. Here
pl,]~-pj,H-0,23 and pl,,,H-0,27 as well as qL-0 are assumed. At equilibrium it follows
from the8eequations that q p/qH - NpT H/NH Tp 1- 30. Thus it must be assumed that
either the sources contain no hydrogen at all or that the acceleration of the
protons is considerably below that of the particles. At N L/NM the above system
of equations is in direct contradiction to experimental data. The solutions for
NH NM , and NL are explicitly given for a punctiform source. In consideration of
diffusion as well as of the character of the distribution of the sources of
cosmic radiation the problem of the composition of cosmic radiation is solved
within the framework of the theory investigated here. However, insufficient
knowledge of various parameters (particularly of N L/NM) requires further
investigations.
INSTITUTION: Physical Institute "P.N.LF.BEDEV" of the Academy of Science in the
USSR

N Z_
SUS JECT USSR PHYSICS CARD I / 2 PA - 1666
AUTHOR GINSBURG,V.L.
TITIE On"i-he-Mix-p-e-r-1-mental Determination of the Instability of the
Normal Phase in Supraconductors.
PERIODICAL ~urn.eksp.i teor fis,ll,fasc.3,541-543 (1956)
Issued: 12 / 19;6
The utmost undercooling observed by T.E.FABER,Proc.Roy.Soc.,2 1,353 (1955) is
I-
probably characteristic of an ideal metal which cannot be undercooled up to
field strengths below a certain value H k1* In this connection it is true for
Al that H., - (0,035 - 0,04).H=. This result follows, according to the
author's opinion, immediately from the theory on supraconductivity developed
by LANDAU and GINSBURG, for the normal phase of the supraconductor remains un-
stable at certain conditions with reBPOCt to the production of intermediate
layers of the normal phase. These intermediate layers occur whenever the normal
phase finds itself in a magnetic field satisfying the following conditions:
2 7 2
H HM/ C2 (n+1 /2), n- 0, 19 2 0 3... ; ~f 2e/AC)H KM6 0- 2,16.10% 60
Here 60 denotes the depth of penetration of the weak magnetic field into the
supraconductor. The magnetic field can, in the normal phase, be dim~nishpd only
down to the value 1~1 - V-2 A HM. At H > H~, the formation of the germs of the
superconducting phase is selected with the occurrence of a surface energy? and
thus the normal phase is metastable within the domain HK1 < H < HKM' At H-HK1 2

V
ZuTn.eksp.i teor.fis,31,fase.3,541-543(1956) CARD 2 / 2 PA - 1666
horever, the normal phase-is unstable and supraconductive transition is com-
pulsory. In the case of aluminium the theory is in full agreement with the ex-
periment also with respect to surface energy. In the case of Su the limit 1K1
is not obtained.
In the case of metals with low values of A indtability of the normal phase can
occur only with undercooling. However, withJt;,>, A-K . I/ r2_ the normal phase
is unstable already at H - HKI >/ H1M , and therefore the supraconductors with
dc > J/Y2 must behave anomalously. According to the author's opinion this
effect occurs particularly with certain alloysSn + In (which were investi-
gated by other authors). At a concentration of indium of less than - 2-5%
these alloys behave like ideal supraconductors, whereupon they change their
properties abruptly. As to the reduction of the concentration n -=2/06262
a 0
with increasing concentration Ni of the admixtures, the explanation of this
fact is beyond the scope of the phenomenological theory. However, if the exist-
ing qualitative notions concerning the nature of supraconductivity are taken
as a basis, the reduction of aB in the case of an increasing Ni appears quite
natural.
INSTITUTION: Physical Institute "P.N.LEBEDEV" of the Academy of Science in the
USSR

USSR/Nuclear Physics
Abs Jour Referat Zhur - Fizika, No 5, 1957, 11267
Author Ginzburg, V.L., Fradkin, M.I.
Inst Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences, USSR
Title On the Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays.
Orig Pub : Actron. zh., 1956, 33, No 4, 579-587
C-7
Abstract : The authors consider the problem of the chemical composi-
tion of the primary rays at the earth. It is shown that
if one takes into account the diffusion of cosmic parti-
cles in the interstellar matter, the available experimen-
tal data on the composition of cosmic rays can be recon-
ciled with the concepts of the generation of these rays
in the shells of supernova and nova stars.
Card 1/1

GINZBURG, Y.L.
.-- .--. -
lxperimental verification of the general theory of relativity and the
artificial earth satelites. Priroda 45 uo;9:30-39 3 056. WRA 9:10)
I.Chlon-kerrespeadent Akademil wmk SSSR.
(Space stations) (Relativity (Physics))

Categ6ry : USSR/Radiophysics - Statistical phenomena in radiophysies 1-3
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957, No 1793
Author : Levin, M.L., Ginzburg, V-L.
Title : On the Application of Thermodynamics to Electrical Fluctuations
Orig Pub- : Uspekhi fiz. nauk, 1956, 56, No 1, 146-148
Abstract' : Last articles of a discussion (Referat. Zh. Fizika, 1954, 13 431, 13 432).
M.L. Levin discusbes in his article the example cited by V.L. Ginzlnwg and
representing, in Levin's opinion, the only physical arg=enta~ion of the
previous answer by Ginzburg (Referat. M. Fizika, 1954, 13432): a thin (com-
pared with the thiclmess of the skin layer) conductor at the temperature of
0.10K, for which the classical frequency region lies below 1010 cycles.
Levin indicates, thatsinc~e the thickness of the skin layer ~ at such tem-
peratures is less than the mean-free path I at stich temperatures even for
meter waves, it makes no sense to speak of the conductivity d* ot a thin con-
ductor. This is khy Levin considers that this example by Ginzburg is un-
successful and dobs not refute his earlier statements.
Ginzburg emphapized in his article that the basic statement contained in
Levin's earlier articles reduce!,,to the fact that "in the quantum frequency'
region one cannot assume the resistance to be inda~ ~ ent of the frequency,
even if the skin effect is not taken Into account%~ Contradicting this,
Card 1/P

CategoYy USSR/Radiophysics - Statistical phenomena in radiophsyics 1-3
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957, No 1793
GJ-nzburg gives the following consideratioas. The quantum region corresponds
to the caaditionl~vl~;;kT. Therefore, choosing the temperature T sufficiently
low, one can make the quantum region Include smh low frequencies'J at which
the variation of R with 4 is sufficiently small. Furthermore Ginzburg in-
dicatea -that Levin in hialwork (Referat. Zh. Fizika, 1954, 13~31) did not
take this effect into accodnt., d this is why Ginzburg (Referat.' Zh.'Fizika,
1954, 134~2) also dt-sregarded As effect. It is Ginz~urgls opinion that the
allowance for the skin effect cannot change his conalAsions that it is pos-
sible to assume the resis6tance to be independent of frequency, V~ith suffi-
cient accuracy, in the quantum region.
. The editoPs comment states that by publis~ang these articles the editorial
staff of "Uspekhi fiz. nauk" considers the discussion on the matter of the ap-
plication of thermodynamics to electric fluctuations closed.
Card 2/2

I WZL U
USSR/Theoretical Physics Theory of Relatively and Unified Field Theory B-2
Abet Journal : Referat Zhur - Flnlk&~, No 12, 1956, 33712
Author : Ginzburg, V. L.
Institution t None
Title : Zxperimental Verification of the General Theory of Relativity
Original
Periodical i Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, 1956, 59, No 1, 11-49
Abstract j Zxpanded treatment of a lecture delivered at the linstein session of
Division of the Physicomathematical Sciences, Academy of Sciences USSR,
on 30 November 1955. Contents: Introduction; 1. notion of periholia
of pla4ets and of their satellites; 2. Gravitational shift of spectral
lines; 3. Deflection of light rays passing near the sun; 4. Signifi-
cance of Zinstsin's general relativity theory in physics and astronomy;
Conclusion. 62 references.
Card 1/1

IN46LJR& V-1-
SUBJECT USSR / PHYSICS CARD 1 / 2 PA - 1427
AUTHOR GINZBURGtV.L.
TITLE On the Nonaphorical Intensity Fluctuations of Radio Waves in
Galaxies.
PERIODICAL Dokl.Akad.Nauk:,109, fasc. 1, 61-63 (1956)
Issued: 9 / 19~6 reviewod: 10 / 1956
At present it is assumed that the intensity fluctuations (flickering) of the dis-
crete sources of constant cosmic wave radiation are due exclusively to the ion
sphere of the earth, for this radiation requires many days already in order to
pass through the irradiating galaxy itself (three years of crabb nebula). The
author considers the existence of radio stars as most improbable, for such a
hypothetical radio star would have to have a radiation capacity that is at least
from 107 to 10 8 greater than that of the sun. Here the average level of radi-
ation in concerned which is approximately constant with respect to time.
The data serving as a basis for the w6rk by J.S.XRAUS et al. Nature, 176, 304
(1955) can by no means serve as a proof of the assumption that the character of
the fluctuations is not determined by the ionosphere. If an exact proof of the
existence of nonionospheric fluctuations of discrete sources were to be proved,
the following possibilities for an explanation might be considered: Such fluctu-
ations need not necessarily be ascribed to the source but might be due to the
propagation of radio waves in the interstellar and interplanetary medium on the
way from the source to the earth. It might be a case of diffraction on a phase
screen similar to diffraction on the inhomogeneities of the ionosphere. The dif-

(TI NZ,6 VC-r V
I
SUBJECT USSIt PHY'SIC6 CjU(D 1 2
AUTHOR -GINbBURG, V.L..
TITU On a Macroscopic Theory of bupraconductivity which is suited for
all Temperatures.
FZRIODICAL Dokl.Akad.Nauk, 110, fasc. 3, 358 - 361 (1956)
Issued: 12 / 195F7
The macroscopic theory developed by V.L.GINSBURG and L.D.LMIDAU (Lrn.eksp.i teor.
fis,20, 1064 (1950)) is based upon the equations
-hv -y*
i ! A)a Y+ bF 0
2m c So
41Y -4 A e' V*
T1, A
c is div 0 $J13 2M V . me
Here IT i4 denotes the concentration of the 11supraconductive electrons", the
vector potential, and F(1414)- the density of the free energy in the supracon-
ductive state and in thseocase of a lacking field.
This theory is to be generalized for the domain of a-L1 temperaturvs 0 -1-T k T
J.BARDELN, Phys-flev-94, 554(1954) and V.L. GINSBUftG suggested tLe following ex-
pressions for F
so
+ (Ha 8Tf 12t4 (i I ~-IX I and
F;0 no 0
2ta - I q o + I- respectively.
F(Q) F ( t) + (H' 8V I I I
so no 0 + t4 (i+ t

TT.
, 'U' i
rl ITOSOVA 'ZC
T
.0
tl*.e E,"S'-t"Y Of the F
qrth. -r'L"ary ','Osclic lilldintio,: by Usjr,~ pxtjpjc4vl Satellites of
D POper loresented at the"8th Internationool Cono:ess of Astronoutical
Congress, 6-12 Oct 15,57, Barcelona.

log-6-1-1/i7
AUTHOR GINZBURO, V.L., FAYN, V.M.
TITLE of Quantun, Effe-tz on the O-~Ilon of Interaction of
Electrons with - M, F-i-elds in Resonators
(K voprosu. o kvautovyleh effektakh pri vzaimodeystvii. elektronov s
vysokoch-astotnymi polyam-i v rezonatorakh. ftqsian)
PERIODICAL Hadiotekhnika i Elektronika, 1957) Vol 2, Mr 6~ PP 78o-1,89 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT The problem of the quantum effects on the occasion of the passage of
electrons through a hollcww -resonator is investigated. First the prob-
lem is treated as purely classical. The investigation is then-carried
out with regard to the quantum field, for which the formula of H.
Nyquist (Phys, Rev., 1928, Vol 32, pp llo) is used. The authors show
that this calculation is sufficient orly for the determination of the
energy gradient (A Kr)4 . But in order to obtain the function of the
energy distribution of the electron at the reqorator outlet the clas-
sical method of investigation is not sufficient. But as this method
is very different. from that used in the quantum theory the authors
here endeavor to solve the problem by means of the introduction of
canoniCiLl variables (IYUMILTON method). The authors show that the sim-
ple classical calculation must be preferred. In an analogous way those
cases can be investigated -where t~e field along the way of the elec-
tron is not homogeneous, In the end the wave characteristic of the
Card 1112 electrons are taken into account and the authors show that the elec-

SOV/ 137-58-9-19676
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 9, p 221 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Ginzburg, V.L.
TITLE: ,Qf~e Diffusion of Light Near Points of Second-order Phase
Transition (0 rasseyanii sveta vblizi tochek fazovogo pere-
khoda vtorogo roda)
PERIODICAL: Fiz. sb. Lvovsk. un-t, 1957, Nr 3 (8), pp 115-116
ABSTRACT: Near the phase transition of the second as well as of the
first order, which are close to the Curie point, relatively great
fluctuations of the Tj parameter, which determines the differ-
ence between the ordered and the disordered phase, take place.
Upon a change in TI, the refractive index also changes and in
relation therewith a supplementary diffraction should be-ob-
served. This effect had been examined earlier (RZhFiz, 1958,
Nr 1, abstract 2090). In the same work a mathematical form-
ula was developed for the relationship of the light intensity J,
diffused because of the fluctuations in TI, to the intensity of
light J0 diffused because of the fluctuations of the density. On
approaching the critical Curie point JIJO increases and a phe-
Card 1/2 nomenon similar to the critical opalescence should be

SOV/ 137-58-9-19676
On the Diffusion of Light Near Points of Second-order Phase Transition
observed. This phenomenon was observed with quartz near a=P
(Kristallografiya, 1956, Vol 1, p 123). The theoretical evaluation of the
expected diffusion is given and good agreement with experiffient is
obtained.
N. R
1. Light--DiffqBion 2. Light--Intensity 3. Quartz--Applications
Card Z/Z