SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KEYNAKH, L.I. - KEYS, N.V.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000721620006-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

1* )MV4AM, L. I Enge
2. USSR (6oo)
4. Foundations
7. Introduction of new technical Drocesseg in the Trust for Heavy-Construction
Foundations. ':W Stroi. prom. 30, no. 11, 1952.
9. Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, Februar7 -1953. Unclassified.
It,t

XffrMM. L.I., inzhener.
"Mw"Wo"W
Overall mechanization of road and pipe-line construction. Sbor.mat. 0 nov.
tekh. v stroi. 13 no,7:9-12 JI 053, (KM 6:7)
(Road machinery) (Pipe lines)

KIrMAKH, L.I., inshener; KONMHKOV, A.M.. kandidut tekhnicheskikh nauk;
--fthbWredaktor; GOLUBINKOVA, L.A., redaktor; SMOL'YA]COVA, X.Y.1
tekhnicheskiy radaktor.
(Rapid assembly-line method of layin& steel pipelines] Potochno-
skorostnoe stroitelletvo staltuykh truboprovodov. Hookya, Goo.
izd-vo lit-ry po strottelletvu i arkhitakturs, 1954. 170 p.(MLRL 7:11)
(Pipelines)

Zrecting reinforc6d concrete silo-type structures using
standard metal adjustable (hoistable) formwork under wins-
ter conditions. Sbor.mat. o nov.tekh. v stroi. 16 no.10:
15-17 054. (MLRA 8:2)
(Concrete construction--Iformwork)

KIYMAKH, L.I., inthener.
Use of electric heating in wintertime construction of reinforced
concrete conical smokestacks. Stroi.prom. 32 no.10:8-10 0 '54.
(MM 7:11)
(Concrete construction--Cold weather conditions) (Chimneys)
@4

KRYMAKH, L.I., inzhener.
Building small silo towers with standard metal adjustable forms.
Sbor.mat. o nov.takh. v strol. 17 no.2:14-17 155. (MLRL 8:2)
(Siloo) (Concrete Construction --Formwork)

KEYMAKH, L.I.
"I, mma@@r- j i6m- .1 @,
Methods of erecting silos made of reinforced concrete. Stroi.prom.
33 no.3:16-20 Mr 155. (KM 8:5 )
1. Glavnyy inzhener treata, Zholazobstonstroy.
(Reinforced concrete construction) (Silos)

KEYMAKH,L.I., inzhener
Construction of reinforced concrete hyperbolic water-cooling towers.
Stroi. Prom. 33 no.8:18-22 Ag'55- (MIRA 8,11)
(Cooling towers)

GOYKOLOV, Ye.F.; KANTOROVICH, I.G., in2h.; PETROV, P.V.; RAYTSESS, A.Ya.;
CIEMOV, A.V., inzh.,- SHASHKOV, V.F.; SUSHKOV, I.A.: SHMIDT.
Kh.M;; KE.Y.MAK L41., retsenzont; KUDRYAVTSIT, A.V., reteenzent;
V re a4Tr'tTr*o*v
"Zii prinimali uchnstiye: ZOTOV, A.V.; TELYANER,
D.M.. SUIROKOVA, G.M.. red.izd-va; STEPANOVA, B.S., tekhn.red.;
RUDAKOVA, N.I., tekhn.red.
[Handbook for builders of reinforced concrete industrial chimneys
and silos] Spravochnik stroitelia zhelezobetonnykh zavodskikh
ArIF
trub i silosov. Pod red. A.V.Chernova. Moskva, GosAzd-vo lit-ry
po strait., arkhit. i stroit.rmterialam, 1959. 300 P.
(MIRA 13:1)
(silos) (Chimneys)

VOLYNTSEV, V.A.; IARIOIIOV, V.A., retsenzent;
SHELKOVNIKOV, S.G.t retsenzent; KRYLOV, B.A., kand. tekhn.
nauk.. nauchnyy red.; SMOKOVA, G.M.., red.izd-va; BOROVNEV,
N.K., tekhn. red.
(construction of high reinforced concrete structures]Stroitell-
stvo vysotnykh zhelezobetom3ykh sooruzhenii. Moskvas Gosstroi-
izdat 1962. 278 p. (MIRA 15:12)
Neinforced
concrete construction)

24 (2)v 28 (1) o6291
AUTHORS: Keyma!kl@h@R* @Y*fa!.q Engineerp SOV/119-59-11-5/1'3
-ra-dz-7avtsevr V. I, Engineer
TITLE: A Method for the Objective Measurement of the Angle of
Rotation of the Polarization Plane of Light Waves
PM10DICAL: Priborostroyeniye, 1959, Nr 11i PP 10-14 (USSR)
ABSTRACT; The 'asual method of determining the polarization plane of
polarized light waves in a polarimeter is known to be employed
by rotating the ana4zer by 900 relative to the polarization
plane. This position is visually determined by adjusting the
analyzer to complete darkness. In the case of the method
described hereq the polarizer performs a rotary oscillation
round the optical axis with the cyclic frequency w . As long
as the analyzer is not in the position which causes complete
darkness in the case of the usual method being employed, an
oscillation of the light current with the cyclic frequency ci
may be observed in the Lnalyzer. If9 however, the analyzer is
in this position@ an oscillation of the light current with
the cyclic frequency of 2co occurs. Modulation of the light
current may be attained mechanically or by means of the
Card 1/3 piezoelectric effect or the Faraday effect. For the latter

06291
A Method for the Objective Measurement of the Angle of SOV/119-59-11-5/13
Rotation of the Polarization Plane of Light Waves
method a system is described, and in table 1 the Verdet
constants of quartz and flint (-glase) are given for some
wavelengthB. The fact that the direction of rotation of the
polarization plane is independent of the direction of
light propagation in quartz is here advantageously utilized.
A comparison of the usual method with that described here shows
that at small 6 (S - unbalance angle of the optical system)-
the latter method is more accurate. In the second part
practical applications of the method described are dealt with,
and it is found to be suited for the construction of automatic
recording polarimeters, automatic saccharimeters, as well as
for automatic regulation of the concentration of optically
active substances. As an example, a spectropolarimeter (Fig 7)
is described. It consists of a quartz monochromator, a
polarizer, a container for the liquid to be investigated,
a modulator@ an analyzer, and a photoelectric cell. The
electronically amplified photoelectric feeds one of the cUls
of a reversing engine, whereas the second coil of the reversing
engine is fed by the same current source as the modulator. The
Card 2/3 axle of the engine is coupled with the polarizer and with the

A Method for the Objective Measurement of the Angle of
Rotation of the Polarization Plane of Light Waves
recordJng pen of a recording
gear. The functioning of this
espeoially of its photoelectric
detail. Finally, an automatic
automati,,- balance (Fig 9) and
for magnetoelectric instruments
There are 10 figures, 2 tables,
SOVA 1'P-59-11 -5/13
device by way of a reduction
device and its advantages,
system, are described in
saccharimeter (Pig 8), an
an automatic recording device
(Fig 10) are discussed.
and 1 Soviet reference.
Card 3/3

:ACCESSION NR: Ap4038885 S/0119/64/000/005/0003/0005
:AUTHOR: Keymakh, R. Ya. a Kudryavt8ev# V. L'
TITLE: Automatic spectropolarimeter
SOURCE: Priborostroyaniye, no. 5, 1964, 3-5
TOPIC TAGS@ polarimeter, spectropolarimeter, optically active eubstancep
dispersion of rotation
ABSTRACT: The instrument is intended for measuring and recording the
dispersion of rotation of optically active substances in a Wide range of visible and
ultraviolet radiation. It is based on an automatic polarization servo system with
the light modulation depending on the plane of polarization; the system permits
the precision measurement of the angle of rotation of the vibration plane. The
principal parts of the polarimater are shown in Enclosure 1. Experience with the;
instrument has shown that: (1) The dispersion of rotation can be measured in the
Card 1/3

1ACCESSIONNR: AP40*38885
range of 230 -700 millimicrons with an angular error of t. 0. 00250; (2) Weakening
the luminous flux by 99. 579 does not affect the accuracy of measurement; (3) The
selected zero point is stable to the extent that its drift remained within the normal!
error of the instrument during 8 hrs of work; (4) The servo rate of response is .1
0. 03 degree/sec; (5) Readings within 20 can be recorded; (6) Measur" ments of
a'
the dispersion of rotation of diluted tartaric acid, camphor In hexane, etc, ,
exhibited good agreement with data published elsewhere. Orig. art. has:
i 4 figures and 6 formulas.
ASSOCIATION: none
SUBZvUTTED: 00 DATE ACQ: 05jun64. ENCL: 01
SUB CODE: OP NO REF SOV: 004 OTHER! 000
Card 213
V-

AGOMIM NRs A?4OW85 EHCL4Mt=j
3
A simplified diagram of the automatic polarimeter
with polarization-plane modulated light
.1 - monochromatic-light source; 2 - condensorl
3 - polarizer-modulator; 4 - measurin6 call;
5 - analy-zerl 6 - photoreceiveri 7 - implifierl
6 T reversible motor driving the analyz&
Card 3/3-

,57, Qrpoo 67360
_9@1 @ SOV/119-59-12-5/18
_1.,, Engineer
AUTHORS: Keymakh, R. Ya., Engineer, _Y.
-----------
TITLE: An Automatic Polarization Colorimete
PERIODICAL: Priborostroyeniye, 1959, Nr 12, pp 12- (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The first part of thia paper deals with the physical fundamen-
tals of light polarization in crystals and with the rotation
of the polarization plane on the passage of polarized light
through optically active media, The second part describes an
automatic polarization colorimeter with which a paper publish-
ed in Priborostroyeniye, 1959, Nr 11 has already dealt. In
this instrument the polarization plane of a linearly polarized
beam is set into a sinusoidal rotary oscillation of 50 cycles
by a magneto-optical modulator. With proper position of the
analyzer, an alternating voltage of 100 cycles is induced in
the circuit of a photocelll/A particular angular position
of the analyzer with which a voltage of 100 cycles is induced
in the photocell circuit, corresponds to each ratio of the
monochromatic components of light. A glass vessel is contained
in the path of rays of the instrument, through which the liquid
to be measured flows.. Because of the absorptive power of this
solution it is necessary to readjust the position of the
Card 1/12 analyzer with which 100 cycles are induced in the photocell

6 7 3@ 0
An Automatic Polarization Colorimeter SOV/119-59.,12-5/18
circuit if the oomposition of the solution changes. The analyzer
is readjusted with the help of a reversible two--phase motor.
In the last part the author describes an automatiG recording
colorimeter based on the afore,.inentioned colorimeter. Contrary
to orthodox designing, the polarlzer of this instrument is
automatically adjusted, The positionsof the stylus and of the
polarizer are simultaneously controlled on a diagram, and thus,
the state of the passing liquid is recorded-, The instrument is
illustrated In figure 4. A circuit diagram is given in figure 5@
It was developed by the rofinery imeni Mantulin for the deter--
mination of sugar in condensates. There are 5 figures and 3
Soviet references.
Card 2/2

KEYMAKH, R.Ya.,, inzh.; KUDRYAVTSEV, Me., inzh.
Instruments and devices designed by the All-Union Research and
Experimental Institute of Control and Measuring Instruments for
the Food Influ try. MBkhA avtom,proizv. 16 no*4:35-38 Ap 162.
(MA 15;4)
(Instruments)

KUDRYAVTSEV, V.I., ihzh.; KEYMAKHI,R,.ia. inzh.; KATSENEIENBOGEN, S.V., inzh.;
FROLOV, A.K.,
Automatic devices used in the moaauring line for determining sugar
content in beets. Mskh.i avtom.proizv. 18 no.3135-37 Mr 164.
(MIRA 17-4)

L 31491-66
ACC NR, AP6023197 SOURCE GOD.:
AUTHOR: Baulina, E. A.; Keymakh, R. Ya.; Kudryavt8ev, V. I.; Portnov, M. A. If
ORG: All-Union Scientific Research Chemicopharmaceutical Institute im. S. Ordzhon-iki
Moscow (Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-ioaledovatellskiy khimiko-farmatscvticheskiy intitut);
All-Union Scientific Research Experimental Design Institute of Food Machine-Building,
Moscow (Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy eksperimentallno-konstruktorskiy
institut prodovol'stvennogo mashinostroyeniya)
TITU: Physicochemical and automatic methods of analysis and control in the pr
of medicinal preparations. Report nine. Method of control of the division of
racemates into optically active isomers
SOURCE: Meditsinekaya promyshlennost' SSSR, no. 1, 1966, 41-44
TOPIC TAGS: isomer, optic activity, crystallization, amine, filtration, temperature
control, pharmacology, polarimeter, chemical reaction kinetics, automatic control
equipment
ABSTRACT: An automatic method for the control of the division of racemic D,
1-throo-l-(p-nitrophonyl)-~-amino-1,3-propanediol, an intermediate product in
tho production of lavopWcotin, has boon dovolopc4, The division of tho racomato@
into optically active isomers is carried out by the method of their successive
crystallization from the reaction mass containing an aqueous solution of the
-racomato. The. formation of a solid-phaso during the crystallization procoss
Card 1/2 UDC: 615.4-073-55

L 31491-66
ACC NR: AP6023197 0
made the control of the racomic amino division difficult. The now method
makes it possible by moans of a series of filtrations and temperature regulation
to control the division of racomatos into optically active isomers despite
the continuously developing solid phase. The solid phase is separated from
,tho mothor solution by filtration In a vacuum and the return of the filtrate
for rofiltration.. Crystallization of the obtained filtrate is prevented by
heating the filtrate to a temperature of 700 or higher, a temperature 70
higher than crystallization temperature. Tho automatic control of the
division is accomplished by moans of an automatio polarimetor of a measuring
vessel into which the mother solution filtrate is drawn.under the effect of
a vacuum. Orig. art. has: 3 figures. [JPRS1
SUB CODE: 07, 06, 13 SUBM DATE: 29jul65 ORIG REF: 002 OTH UY: 001
Card

0 sovctf!kom uroverz-hemstvovanii rez") prol'ilia Vitvorta. f If: t n .
1948) no. UP P. 6h-45)
The improlfevvmt mf 'Witworth threaO.
LLG: T"!;.'14
.M: Pir-nufactliring qnd viechanical E'n,glineering in the "oviet @Inlon,
Librarv
Of Com-ress, 195,,J.

-12 2 8 ( 2
AUT11,011 KeTmakli
T I T LE Triick for Checkin- 10-Ton Balar-ces
PERIODICALt lzmeritel'naya tekhnika, 1959, ITr 10, pp 13-16 (UZ'_;R'
.kBS?RACT: The VITID-roup of the Komitet standartov, mer i
tel'nykh priborov (Committlee of "Aandards, ?jeasurf_--.
-Ind Measuring Equinment) has developed a new load.-
lifting equipment for checking 10-ton balances, ie,
C,
the ZIL-151 truck. This truck has fully mechanized,
automated and remote controlled operations of loa-
ding and unloading standard weights totaling 0.5 tons.
The hull of the truck (Pig 2) is made of Nr 10, 8 and
6.5 welded girders. T-wo monorails are mounted on the
tipper part of the hull carrying two electric TEP-0.5
hoists. These hoists are set in motion b- a AOL-22-4
0.4-kw engine developin 1,440 rpm. The drive gear is
composed of a BMZ-4.U4 electric generator (Fig 4)
mounted under the floor of the truck and connected
Card 1/2 with the truck engine through a single-st-ep KOM-1

:;ov/115-59-10-6/29
'Truck for Checking 10-Ton Balances
power take-off, a cardan shaft and a mechanism con-
trolling the KOM-1 power take-off installed in the dri-
ver's cabin. The 220-v generator has 1,500 rpm. The
truck of which a detailed description is given in the
article, is undergoing operational tests. A truck which
cnn check balances of 20 ton uoeful loading was also
developed in Bratislava from the "Tatra IIIR'I truck,
but it was not fully mechanized and the electric gear
was installed in the trailer. The VNII is preparing
plans for a balance-checking truck with a higher loa-
ding capacity. There are 5 diagrams and 1 photograph.
Card 2/2

KEYNER, Yu.M. (Moskva)
Rivers of Ustyyrt. PrirW 53 no. 12tiol-102 164. (MIRA 18:1)

SILKINA, Ye.Z.; mjSYURA, X.R.; KMO,,jj.K.; TYNTANKINA, Ye.V,; SIRIDOVA, A-G,',
ZUDINA, A.A.; HISYURUKO, A. .; YATCHENKO, M.G., red.;
[Economy of the Khabarovsk Territory; a statistical manual" Narodnoe
khoziaistvo Khabarovskogo krais; statisticheskii aboraik. @Khabarovskl
Khabarovskoe knizbnoe izd-vo, 1957. 127 P. (MIRA 11:3)
1. Khabarovskiy kray. Statisticheakoye upravlenive, 2. Statisti-
cheakoye upravleniye Kbabarovskogo kraya (for all,except Tachenko).
3. Nschallnik Statinticheakogo upravleniva Khabarovskogo krays
(for Yatchenko)
(Khabarovsk Territory--Statistics)

KITNTAIMIT. L.I.
Increa e in the number of runs made on the electrified sections
between repairs. Xlek. i tepl. tiaga, 2 no.1:19-21 A 158.
(MIRA 11:3)
1,Starshiy mashinist elektrodepo Leningrad-Finlyandskoy Oktyabrlskoy
dorogi.
(IeningreA Province-Blectric railroads)

KEYNYANEII, V. I.
Operating conditions of brushes can be made easier. Ilek.1
tepl.tiaga 3 no.11:45 N 159. (MIR& 130)
1. Nachal'nik planovo-takhniki-skonomichfiskogo otdola lfu@
mnskogo otdoleniya Oktyabrlskoy dorogi.
(Blectric railway motors)

JOCHWEDS, Beniamin, prof. dr. med.; NAPIORHOWSKA, Wanda; KEYOANA-
JEDRZEJAISKA, Barbara
Use of phenylbutazone derivatives in the ear17 postoperative
period following thyroldectomy. Polo tyg. lek. 20 no.lt
12-13 4 Ja 165
1. 2 Kliniki Chorob Wewnetrznych Instytutu Gruzlicy (Kierownikt
prof. dr. medo Be, Jochweds).

S/035/61/000/0,'1/023/028
A001/A101
AUTHOR: G. (Keyper, Dzh.)
TITLE: The lunar surface in early stages of solar system evolution
PEPIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Astronomiya I Geodeziya, no. 11, 1961, 77 -
78, abstract 11A562 (V sb. I'Vopr. kosmogonii", V. 7, Moscow, AN SSSR.,
89 - 90, Engl. summary)
TEXT: The author discusses peculiarities of the lunar seas testifying on
their formation prior to the epoch of maximum melting of lunar interior, during
the maximum and after It. So. for instance the Mare Crisium and Mare Humorum were
formed from impacts of bodies having fallen on the Moon even prior to the epoch
of maximum lava eruptions to the surface. Mare Imbrium was formed soon after the
maximum melting. Maria like Mare Nubium are not of impact origin but flooded
ones. Large bodies which fell on the lunar surface and formed sea depressions
constituted, in the author's opinion, once a ring of small satellites around the
Earth, which the Moon crossed receding from the latter due to tidal interaction.
The subsequent phase in development of the lunar surface was characterized by
Card 112

The lunar surface in early stages of ...
S/035/61/ooo/oll/023/028
A001/A101
fissuring of the lava crust and formation of cracks (troughs) of tension and rid-
ges of compression, dike-like eruptions near the north pole, and local volcanic
activity.
Ye. Ruskol
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Card 2/2

,/63/000/001/02.5/062
S1169
D263/D3O7
AUTHORS: Keyrimov, Sh.B., Kisin, I.M. and Afayev, Sh.M.
TITLE: Particulars of the distribution of atmospheric depo-
sits in the basin of River Ki8hchay, according to
Drecipitation-meter data
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Geofizika, no. 1, 19637 439
abstract 1B241 (Uch. zap. Azerb. Un-t. Geol.-geogr.
ser., 1962, no. 1, 71-78 (Azerb.: summary in Itus.))
TEXT: To study the snow cover and atmospheric precipitatio
snow-measuring traverses were undertaken in 1958 in the River Kish-
chay basin, situated on the southern slope of the Main Caucasian
Ridge. Six precipitation meters were also established, and the
amounts of deposits falling in the lower part of the basin were det-
ermined at rainfall-measuring points between Nukha and Station D. am-
archik. From these investigations it appears that the change from
increasing precipitati?n with altitude of the locality to decreasing
-precipitation occurs, in this region, at a height of 2500 - 2600 M.
Card'1/2

S1169
./63/000/001/02.5/062
Particulars of the distribution D263/D307
The zone of maximum precipitation during all seasons and taken
annually is between altitudes of 2500 and 2600 m. The most intense
increase in the precipitation occurs mainly in the summer and autumnj
(mean gradient of the increase of precipitation with height reaches
3 - 4 mm per 100 m). In winter and spring the gradients are Less
pronounced, being I - 2 mm per 100 m. Above 2600 m, the gradients
of decreasing precipitation are 3 - 5 mm per 100 m during the summer
and autumn months. The mean annual gradient of increasing precipi-
tation was 15 - 18 mm for 1959-1960, while for individual mountain
zones this value varied from 0 to 40 mm per 100 m. At heights be-
tween 2800 and 3000 m, above the height at which the increase-to-
decrease change occurred, the decrease of precipitation was 5 m forl,.
every 100 m of altitude. (Author's summa,3)*
Z-Abstracter's note:'Complete translation,
L

KEYROVICH Ye'N.; 'iIRIRAVfl'V, V.P., kand. t(Ah. nauk; WHIM, L.I., gornrl
@-:, -
Dust control in the Kostenko "All Mine. Ugoll 38 no.8:50 Ag 163.
(MIRA 1'17: 11)
1. Glavnyy inzh. shakhty "A" im. Kostenko (for Keyrovich).
.,. Faraf-andinskly riauchno-issledovatellskiy u.c-ollnyy institut
(for Zhuravlev, Ryzhikh).

B 0
jKlnan, 0.0.3, prof.-,; SEYDZli, B-G-ISOigovr4 1
jp@@,.prof: KIIIPJI, Dzb.G L
prof. (Soy,34inennyye Ghtaty Amnrlki)
Results of the first conference of the InternatioDal Steam GOOrdinstiOn
Committee in Moscow on June 21-U. 1958.Teploonergetika 5 no.11:61-64
N 158. (MIRA 11111)
(Ste"--,Xongre'sees/

;:EYS, I. [Yti)L;, T.
Two solutions- to a prnblem describing the motion of a lyrostat
with a fixed point. Tzv. ki' Est. SSR. Ser. fiz.-mat. i tekh.
nauk 14 no. 4052-554 165 (HIRA 19 -.2)
Some recesaar-y ernditions for the existence of sLngle-valued
intef;rals in equatims describing the motion of a hearj gyrostat
about a fixed point. Ibid.:555-558.
1. Lnstitut kibernetil-i MI Estonsiroy SSR. Sultratted May 7,
1965.

C,- q-."
ACC "'R-. AP7003552 L CQE: U1-V'C1,231-.' C04105401055V'
Go,
AUMOR: Keys, I. (1:eis' I)
i ORG: Institute of Cybernetics, Academy of Sciences, Estonian SSR (Institut
kibernetiki Akademii nauk Estonskoy SSR)
TITLE! Concerning one problem of energy optimization of motion of the relative
center of inertia of a Cyrostatic system with variable masG
SOURCE: All EstSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya fiziko-matematicbeskikh i tekhnicheskikh nauk,
no. 4, 1966, 54o-554
TOPIC TAGS: gyrostat, optimal control, optimum trajectory, integral equation,
Poisson equation
ABSTRAM The article deals with a gyrostat provided with gas-filled baloons, suit-
ably disposed, having a control system such that when gas escapes fron, three nozzles
lying in the principal inertial planes relative to the center, whose ends are per-
pendicular to their radius vectors, the inertia tensor of the gyrostat remains
similar to the initial tensor, and the center of inertia of the compound body re-
mains the same as before. The problem is to minimize the energy lost during the
flight of the gyrostat as the latter maneuvers. The solution is obtained in two
parts by Pontryagin's method. In the first part) dealing 'with the positioning of
the gyrostat at the prescribed point during the maneuver) reduces the problem of
existence of solutions for certain integral equations. The second problem, that of
Card 1/2

ACC NR: AP7003552
the pure maneuver, is solved completely. In the latter case the resultant system
of equations is reducible to a Poisson system of equations which can be solved by
the method of Iagrange multipliers. Orig. art. has: 57 formulas.
SUB CODE: 121 suBm DATE: 17Dcc65/ ORIG REF- 005

KEYS, I.A.
Existence of certain intigrals of equations describing the
motion of a gyrostat fixed at one point. Vest. Mosk. un. Ser.
1: Mat., mekl@. 18 no.605-63 N-D16. (MIRA 17:2)
1. Kafedra teoreticheskoy mekhaniki Mookovskogo universiteta.

KEYS, I.A.
Some motions of a heavy gy-rostat set in fast rotation abo,lt a
fixed ioint. Vast. Mosk. un. Ser. 1: Mat., makh. 20 no.lt6l-75
Ja-F 165. OGRA 18.-4)
1. Kafedra teoreticheskoy mekhaniki Moskovskogo universiteta,

Tate
Algebralii intv-?-r-
, .
h(31!Vy gyrostat aroLmA
no-3t516-520 t+j--jf--r64
flxej p"llit,

ACCESSION Wit AP-4031723 6/0055/64/()00/001/0076/0079
AUTHOR: Keys, 1. A.
TITLEt Motion of a gyrostat supported on one fixed point
SOUXEt Moscow. Universitet. Veatniks Seriya 1. 14atematikap makhanika, no. Is
1964s 76-79
TOPIC TAGS: gyrostat, gyrostat motions regularprecession, Ealer angle, instant&-
neous an&Uar velocityp tensor of inertias Newtonian force fields center of mass
ABSTIULT: A g7rostat supported at one point achieves regular precession if its
motion can be represented as uniform rol2lng of a circular cone fixed within the
gyrostat along the surface of a circular cone fixed in spaces The vertices of the
cones coincide with the support point of the gyrostat, 0. The Oz axis of the Oxyz
coordinate systems fixed In the gyrostat is directed along the axis of symmetry
of the first cone (axis of self -rotatio;5. Lot -T jo T and 0 be Eaer angles,
be the 1-3 component of the tansor of inertias H be the mass of the gyroststs
,,,a constant, x. and yo the coordinates of - the r@Aiuo vector, and m1p x2s n3 the
Card 1/3

ACCESSION NR: AP4011723
projections on the Oxyz axis of the moment of quantitative relative motion, For
existence of regular procession wA a nonsymmetz:1c heavy Syrostat the necessary arA
sufficient. conditions aret 1) the axis of self-rotation must be perpendicular to
the circular section of the ellipsoid of inertia of the gMstat,, and the center
of mass of the gyrostat must be on this *xis; 2) the mount of the relative
quantity of motion must be directed along the axis; 3) the axes of procession a4d
self-rotation must be mutually orthogonal and the value of the angular velocity of
the self-rotation be given by
E
It can be shown analogously that for a symmetric heavy gyrostat the necessary and
sufficient conditions for existence of regular procession aret xo - y - Op
ml a m2 - 00 the axis of self-rotation must coincide with the axis of SynaZc
symmetry., and the axis of procession-with the direction of the force of gravitye
If the case Ml 0 ml(t)s M'(t)047LjJ- %(t) is considereds then by a suitable
choice of funations Ono Gin"attain Terrution Yo -0 (Q (t) 0 act)
Orige art@ bast 2.0 for=Lwe
Card 2/3
9-
4

ACCFSSION XR: Ap 4011723
A=IA,TIOII: Kafodra teoreticheskoT makhaniki (Department of Theoretical Mechanics)
SUB14ITTED: 3ONov63 DATE ACQ: Web64 - ENCL s 00
SUB CODRs M NO REY SOV# 003. OTIMR s 002
Card 3/@

ACCESSION NR: AP40 L0577 S/0040/64/028/003/05@16/0520
AUTHOR: Keys., 1. A. (Moscow)
TITLE: Algebraic integrals in the problem of notion of a heavy gyrostat supported
at one point
SOURCE: Frikladnaya matematika i mekhaaika, ve 28,, no# 3, 1964P 516-52o
TOPIC TAGS: algebraic integral; gyrostat, Jacobian multipliera quadrature,
ellipsoid
ABSTRACTz A-(Ip dy,
T11 + (C - B) 7r + mar -;n'r . ye Tv - so Tv. rys - 7TS (ro, Alpe) (1)
d 0
B Ft + (A - 0 Pr + mar - "13P 20 71 - WITS. PT3 - rTk
dt
r dy.,
(7 -L + (D - ") P7 +.Map "'Is -X@Tf - Y0,71,
di PTt
describes the motion of a heavy gyrostat supported at one point. This system does
not involve time explicitlv and has a last Jacobian multiplier, equal to unity.
Card 1/2

ACCESSION NR, AP4o4O577
It allows the -4gebraic -integrals
Ap2 + Bql+ Cps -2(z*'Tt +yo'Ts+ ;;T3) - h I
(Ap+-,)T,+(Dl+-,)yg+(Cr+-,)Ts-hi, T13 + TO -' TO (2)'
This system can be reduced to quadratures for x1 Z' - 0., when it"allows
the fourth algebraic integral 0 Yol 0
(Ap+!n!@3 + (BI + nit)$ +(Cr+nia)2 - V (3)
and in the case A - B, x1 Yol 0 0, ml N m2 w 0. when it has the integral r a r.,
0
The author studies the problem of findine general conditions for existence of new
algebraic integrals for system (1) which do not depend on the classical integrals
(2). "The author extends his gratitude to Yu. A. Arkhangellski'y and F. V.
Myasnikov for their valuable remarks," Orig. art, hass 25 formillas.
ASSOCIATION: none
.M>MTM s 02,4ov63 DATE ACQs 19Jun64 ENCL t 00
SO CODEs Hk NO M7. SOV a 003 CTUMs W3
Card 2/2

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phur 0-016-MV6, chronsium 21-914-13% '00

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moly6lenum 04"W', aluminium 0-2-0-4*1,,) in a 7-ton oil-finvi
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eg
slowing &IT into tb~ Inetal dtatima open Ifira"It melting
'-stwtwnk-- at%l N@ ',ic " I P,akt If,:
tv a y4
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R/ En, - i neer@ np
1"etzllurry, Ferr-ws
T@nll Pcnrinrs
"Tent of Or.t1m,,-m. Teci-rolo7 for Iril] 4", T-Ur '11 T.
L
Ayzensi, 01, IT 11. Yruys, Lnrlneers, Chnlyal-,insk !'utallilrr-iC7@1 Ir:nr`.@7,
'To
Seriec of te,-,t!-, determined thnt hast retioc'. consists of tem1nr,!- oxidatlon of steel
with calcium silicate n,! Introductlon of ff,rrovs c-rotr!te, nt of reflining
U
process. [e-mail] F-rently incre@aned qvnlity, Oecrer,.ned cont Pm] 'n(-ren7,Pd yro"i.letivity
of' en."i-4nerit.
FA 1/1,cTl5

'-Mo7wM- mm.

MIS) N.V., KOLOSOV) M.1.) 11PROZOV A,M.y A.I.,
'e
_T, ve;
is
Influence of Blast Humidity on the east-Iron Hydrogen Content and the Quality of
Steel,"
lecture given at the Fourth Conference on Steelmking, A.A. Baikcrv Institute of
@Latallurgy, Moscuw, July 1-6, 1957

SOV/ 137-58-8-16552
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 8, p 46(USSR)
AUTHORS: Kolosov, M.I., Morozov, A.N,, Stroganov, A.I., Isayev, V.F.,
,@eys, N.V., Vaynshtcyn, O.Ya.
TITLE: `Tl@and Sequence of Crystallization in Ingots of Killed
Steel (Skorost' i posledovatel'nost' kristallizatsii slitkov
spokoynoy stali)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Primeneniye radioaktivn. izotopov v chernoy metal-
lurgii. Chelyabinsk, Knigoizdat, 1957, pp 95-105
ABSTRACT: Radioactive Fe59 (introduced in the form of Fe oxide) was
employed in conjunction with the method of overturning of molds
in order to investigate crystallization processes in ingots of
steel ShKhl5SG (2.65 t) and of steels 10 and 45 (6.2-t ingots).
The radioactivity of various zones of the ingot %vas determined
from the radiation intensity of 3.5-g specimens of metal drilled
out on different levels of a longitudinal templet of the ingot. As
the crystallization progresses, the two-phase region on the
sides of the ingot amounts to 30-50 mm. After the formation
of a zone of columnar crystals, a two-phase region fed with
Card 1/2 liquid metal from the central part is formed in the lower part
41.

SOV/ 137-58-8-16552
Tile Rate and Sequence of Crystallization in Ingots of Killed Steel
of the ingot. In a 6.2-ton ingot, the height of this zone extends to 850 mm.
Up to a certain time (approximately 80 min in the case of the 6.Z-t ingot) the
thickness of the crystallized layer (including, the two-phase region) taken in
a horizontal section of the ingot is proportional to the square root of the
crystallization time. Deviations from this relationship, which occ ur toward
the end of the crystallization period, are attributable to a more rapid form-
ation of a two-phase re,lion at the center of the ingot. Extension risers,
employed in production of high-quality steel ingots, may be removed only
after the crystallization of the inglot has been completed. Bibliography: 19
references.
Ya. L.
1. S%ee 1--Crys% r. 1lizliti,?n
Card 2/2
2. Ir n iz;(-, (Iq c t i ve.) _-App lie a t ions
19:@9' N'r P 44 (USSR)
Translation from'. I:tefcrativnyY zhurnal. IvietallurgiYa, IN. V.
AUTI-JORS: Morozov I A. N -, POVOlotskiy, D - ya, 9 Keys 0 tion Of steel it-,
5 of the Process of Desulfuriza rivaniYa
he Kinetic protsessa obesse
. 1,
TIT LE: A Study Of t FurnaCC9 (lzucheIllye
F pechalh)
,jectric Arc ich,skikh dugovYkll
stali v elektr AN SSSR,
. y,-va stali - MOscow'
Fiz. _khim. osnovY Pro' '
PERIODICAL: V sl) -'. 11Z-IZ3. Diskus"-p Pl) 160-187
1957, pp .I W@"re Conducted in
smeltings of ball-bearing st . the radioactive
ABSTFtAGT: Fxperirriental acities of 30-40 tons, oduced into
electric arc furnaces with cap Sulfide was intr . . of
he form of an iron we le beginning
isotope (RI) S35 in t charge had melted, a 5 11 as in tl he
the naetal after the -tablisliecl that in the course Of t
.iction period. It was es hout the Volume of the
the red, e P-1 is distr ibuted throug as the ratio owl-SHMS I
oxidation period th -re of rela-
raetal. and the slag within 15 M'nute5p whe Tile cOllstancy ved dur-
I a constant .lue in 10 Zo minutes' pre5er
attaine, of the R1 in the metal [I /5,sl was arnounted. to
tive concentration when the content of the S to the fact
oxidation period only e
ing, the lower S content it wa, 'du,ed owing
Card I /Z 0.0ZZ - 0.0321o; at a

SOV/137-58-9-18676
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 9, p 75 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Morozov, A.N., Kolosov, M.I., Stroganov, A.I., Isayev. V.F.,
Keys, N.V., Vaynshteyn, O.Ya.
-----------
TITLE: A Nucleonic Study of the Rate and Sequence of Steel-ingot
Crystallization (Izucheniye skorosti i posledovatel'nosti
kristallizatsii stallnykh slitkov pri pomoshchi radioaktivnykh
indikatorov)
PERIODICAL: V ab.: Staleplavilln. proiz-vo. Moscow, Metallurgizdat,
1958, pp 203-217
ABSTRACT: Radioactive tracers were used to investigate the crystalliz-
ation of Z.65-t ingots of ShKhl5SG and 6.2-t ingots of Nrs-10
and 45 steels, bottom poured. 3-5 batches of Fe59 (4.5-14.5
millicuries per t steel) were introduced as FeZ03 mixed with
Al powder. The tops of the ingots were held in the liquid state
by periodic additions of lunke rite pipe eliminator. At the same
time, crystallization of Nr-10 steel was also studied by over-
turning three ingots on single stool at different tirne intervals
after pouring. The isotope was introduced at the moments when
Card 1/3 the residual liquid metal from each of these ingots was poured
SOV/ 137- 58-9 -18676
A Nucleonic Study of the Rate and Sequence of Steel-ingot Crystallization
into a fourth on the same stool. The thickness of the frozen layer as deter-
mined by radiography was greater than when determined by pouring out the
liquid residue of the metal. This is explained by the fact that the zones of
isotope distribution describe the region of the ingot occupied by liquid metal,
whereas the thickness of the crystallized layer determined by pouring out de-
fines the region of solid metal phase alone. The difference between them is
the magnitude of the region in which two phases exist. The length of that
region along the sides of the ingot in the course of crystallization does not
exceed 30-40 mm. At the conclusion of the formation of the zone of columnar
crystals in the bottom of the 6.2-t ingot there arises a two-phase region at-
taining 850 mm in height. This region comes into being as the result of the
accumulation of equiaxed crystals that have torn away after formation on the
interface between the solid and liquid phases. The crystallization of the two-
phase region is intermittent in nature. The development of V-segregation
and axial porosity are dependent upon the taper of the ingot and the condi-
tions under which the two-phase zone is fed liquid metal from the upper por-
tion of the ingot. In the making of high-quality steel, the hot top should be
removed only after the body of the ingot has completely hardened. Within
given time limits, the thickness of the crystallized layer is proportional to
the square root of the crystallization time; the proportionality factor therein,
Card 2/3

\V1
133-1-?/24
AUTHORS: Kolosov, M.I., Engineer, Morozov, A-N .' Doctor of Technical
Sciences, Stroganov, A.I., Candidate of Technical Sciences,
Po&v, Yu.A., Engineer, Vaynshteyn, O.Ya.,and Keys, N.V.
TITLE: The Quality of Steel from Pig Iron Produced with a Constant
Moisture Blast (Kachestvo stali iz chuguna, vyplavlennogo
ne. dutlye postoyannoy vlazhnosti)
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1958, No.1, pp. 24 - 27 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: The influence of moisture content of blist on the hydrogen
content in pig iron and the influence of hydrogen content of
pig iron on the hydrogen content of steel as well as flake
sensitivity of steel on the hydrogen content in the liquid metal
were investigated. nos. 1 and 3 blast furnaces oa the above
works were trans;erred to operation with a consta__@t moisture
blast (15-20 g/m-/). This resulted igthe smoother operation,
highgr blast temperatures ?50 - 800 C (against previous 450 -
500 0), increase in output (No,1 - 3%; NO-3 1.3%) and a
decrease in the coke rate (No.1 - 6.5%; No-3 1.3%). As the
works produce quality steel it was considered necessary to check
the possible effect of hiSher moisture in blast on the steel
quality. It was found that with increasing moisture content in
blast, the hydrogen content of pig iron increases but not
Uardl/P proportionally. However, the mean content of hydrogen in the
AA71
The Quality of Steel from Pig Iron Produced with a Con 133-1-r//24
Blast stant Moisture
open-hearth bath after melting and on teeming was found to be
practically independent of the.hYdrogen content of pig or
moisture content in the blast (Fig.1), The final hydrogen
content of steel on teeming was
in the corresponding pie (Table not correlated to its content
1, Fig.2).. The comparison
of blydrogen content in pig, steel and rolled products of various
levels Of moisture content in blast is shown in Table 2i the
cOmParison of the degree of flaking in semis and their hydrogen
content and the mechanical Properties of finished steel at
various levels Of moisture in blast - Tables 3 and 4, respec-
tively. It is concluded that the hydrogen content Of Pig iron
has no influence on the hydrogen content of quality steel after
melting and on teeming. The direct relationship between the
4lake sensitivity and hydrogen content of liquid metal was
not established. The methods of heating and cooling flake-
sensitive steels used on the works secure the absence of
flakes in finished products at any level of moisture in the
blast. The macro-structure of rolled semis is independent from
the moisture Content of the blasto There are 4 tables, 2
Uard2/3 figures and 6 Russian references.

At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works SOV/133/58-9-8/29
results obtained wore as follows:
Furnace capacity, t. 100 185 200 370
Decrease in the duration of
heats, % 6-9 22 17 13-18
Inc5ease of output in
t/m day 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2
A decrease in the consumption of conventional fuel of 13 to
37 kg/t of steel was obtained. Mean thermal loads remained
unchanged. In 1953 the introduction of o@@gen pretreatment
of pig iron is planned.
An Jmprovement in the qualit-7 of steel for axles.
An investigation indicated that defects on rolled semis for
the manufacture of axles were caused by defects in ingots
which in turn were due to unsatisfactory internal surface
of the ingot moulds. By maintaining an established practise
for filling of the bottom part of ingot moulds and applying
Card 2/6

SoV@33/58-9-8/29
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
2.5% bottom crop improved the quality of the metal. "Bright
points" were easily noticed in tensile specimens of the
metal. It was established 'that "bright points" are not
Tetal defects but appear in tensile specimens during test-
in.- due to non-unifor-iAty stresses in the metal caused by
0
?'points" non-uniformity. The latter appears in ingots in
the form of vihisker5 and is formed due to liquation and gas
evolution during the crystallisation process. Thermal
treatment at GSOOC for 120 hours decreases the development
of"bright points"in specimens and thus also "points" non-
uniformity in semis. The results of corresponding investi-
gation carried out by TsNIIChM confirmed the above findings.
Deoxidation of open hearth steel with aluminium in tubes.
Tn_ order to decrease oxidation of aluRinium durin- final
deoxidation its introduction into steel in metallic tubes.
was tested. It was found that: 1) on deoxidation in tubes
the content of oxide inclusions is higher than on ordinary
introduction of aluminium; 2) the content of aluminium oxide
in the oxide inclusions with the experimental and usual
methods of introducing aluminium in an amount of 700 9/t is
the same (about 86%)i on introduction of 300 g/t of alumin-
Card 3/6 ium in tubes the alumina content in oxide inclusions

At the Chelyabinsk Lletallurgical Works
decreasesbY 50% but the amount of silica sharply increases;
3) with the usual and experimential modifications of deoxida-
tion ingots from the second bottom tcerAnZ set up were more
cont-cminated by alumitia inclusions than in -in-ots of the
fourth set, in which the proportion of silica ink,,reases.
The use of siliconchromiwn during smeltin@'; chromium steels
in open hearth furnaces
Du:rinm studies of the possibility of a complete or partial
replacement of ferrochromium (types 1 aild 0) with silico-
chromium. (type 18) when smelting low-carbon chromium steels,
the latter have been introduced into the bath in the heated
to red heat state in the proportion of 15-20 kg/ton of steel.
The final adjustment of chromitra content was done 10-15 min-
utes later with ferrochromium. The heat was kept for a further
20-40 minutes depending on the content of chromium. In all
heats on the addition of silicochromium boiling of the bath
ceased. The following advantages of the methoa were observed:
Card 4/6

so VA33/58-9-8/29
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
a) the period of preliminary deoxidation coincides with
the alloying process which leads to an economy in ferro-
alloys (exclusion of blast furnace ferrosilicon) and shorten-
ing of the heat by 10 minutes; b) chromium losses (due to
oxidation) from silicochromium are 5-6% lower than from
ferrochromium. The quality of metal remains the same as an
alloying vrith ferrochromium. For smelting steel containing
not more than 0.17% of carbon, the carbon content of silico-
chromium should not exceed 2%.
On i-nvestigating theffobilem of increa-sing- the yield of good
metal from 6.2, 4.51 2.65 and 1.18.,ton in-ots the following
methods were tested; a) Addition to the top of the in-ot of
an exothermic mixture containing 70% of ferrosilicon @75%0),
10/56 of silicocalc@um and 20116 of sodium nitrate; b)The use of
frothed chamotte (s.er. 0.4-0.8 G/cm3) and coal briquettes
for lining of tops (coal briquettes contained 50% of coke
breeze, 2716 of charcoal waste, 20% of sawdust and 5% of
sodium nitrate); c) Increasing the conicity of the top from
18 to 35P/o. Tho use of tops from frothed chamotte decreased
the crop top to 12%, however,their durability was very low.
Card 5/6

50V/133/58-9-8/29
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
The lining from coal briquettes also decreased the CrOD tOP
to 12-13%, but due to difficulties in making briquettes and
the lining the method cannot be recommended for mass produc-
tion. Tops of 35% conicity did not give any improvement.
The work is being continued. Viere are no fig-ures or
references.
Card 6/6

Sov/133/58-9-11/29
AUTHOR: Key a,.,
TITLE t. P, Chel@rabinsk hletalltj_r@@Ical Works (Na Chelyabinskon
,iietallurgicheskom zavode)
1,.:J'dlODICAL: lital I t 1958, Nr 9, pp 806-80? (US3R)
ABSTRACT: Introduction of Platinum rhodi=-Dlatintma therraocouoles
fox-measuring the temperature of liquid steel,
Replacement of tun-sten-molybdenum thermocouples with plati-
C@
num rhodium-platintra ttiermocouples improved the accuracy of
the temperature measurements of liquid steel. Optimum tem-
peratures in the course of smelting and in the ladle for
steels 38WJYuA, 18EIiITVA, transformer and lKhl8N9T vicre
established (given in the text). By maintaining O'ptimum
temperatures the quality of metal was irip::,oved.
A decrease in the degree of contamination of ball bearing
steel with non-metaliie inclusions (in cooperation with
TsNIIG1i_M a-n-d-INK-7,
Some modifications in the technoloGy of production of ShKhl5
steel were introduced: a) a decreaoe in the metal tempera-
ture during smelting and tapping (the t-emperature in the
ladle vias decreast3d fro:q 1560-15900C Lo 1530-1550010);
b) a moderate deoxidation of the bath -aith a carbonaceous
Card 1/3 rea-ent so as to obtain no more than O.L@-lb of calcium carbide
@_l

r-_ 7, -
SOV/133/5@_ / 11/2G
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical `dorka;
in 31aG before tapping, and c) replace.@iant of a prolon-ed
diffusion deoxidation by a deep deoxidatjJ..)n- which shortened
'Uhe duration of the heat by GO-90 minutes. The decrease in
"Lhe metal temperature caused some d@_-tc)i@iorat_ion in the sur-
face quality of ingo-Us.
Vacuo-treatment of liouid steel.
Vacuo treatment of transformer steel in a ladle ancl in a
stream durinrr the pouring of steel fro-i @)-qe ladl into
L, Z4
another was introduced. Vie final ,)ressu-e 30-50 iaz HS.
Some decrease in hydrogen content in 50@/-,', of heats was ob-
served but no improvement in -2p,:@cifio obr-ained,
Ln additional pumping in3tallation to deorDa6e final
pressure is being planned.
An imDrovernent in the technolof,v of oroduction of A8K!1_'-',IuA
A decrease in the productLon of defective Lietal by a factor
of 2-2.5 was obtained by the following iaodificati3ns in the
C,
sraeltim,x teclmology; a) preliminary deoxidation with pis iron
(6 k-/ton) before the removal of oxidisia- slag. follo-ved by
Card 2/3

SOVI 133/58-9-11/29
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
additions of silico-manganese (3.5 k,-/ton) and ?5% ferro-
silicon (1-3 kg/ton) at the berrinning of the reducing period;
0 c@'
b) addition of ferrochromium immediately after preliminary
deoxidation; c) diffusion deoxidation with colice and ferro-
silicon during 20 minutes, and d) a decrease of the deoxid-
ising period to 80 minutes.
Testing of carburised bricks for steel ladles.
Chamotte bricks were carburised by treatment with tar pitch
for 36 hours at 250-3000C follovied by a thermal treatment
at 600-7000C for 8 hours. The use of these bricks in 185
ton ladles for open hearth ladles did not give any positive
results but the life of 40 ton ladles for electric steel
was increased by 100%.
Operation of open hearth furnaces with various refractories
in regenerators.
On testing various refractories in regenerators of 100 ton
open hearth furnaces the best results were obtained with
Iii-h-alumina (Al 0 6VIO and forsterite bricks.
2 3
Card 3/3

AUTHOR: -SOV/133/58-9-1j/29
TITi@@ At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works (Iia Chelyabinskom
Tnetallurgicheskom. zavode)
PERIODICAL: Stal', 1958, 1Tr 9, p 827 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The removal of liquid slag from reGuy)crative soa-king pits
of the bloomin- mill*
to F slag with a iaeltin@ temperature of 11000
In order obtain ci
the pit bottoms were treated with a of 68io cola., breeze,
29.2% quartz sand and 2.8% of lime after every JL@ charges.
The sla- formed was flowing out t1irou.-h the sla- notch in
wlAch a burner was fixed to prevent the solidification of
slag in it. The above practice had no no-ative influence
on the pit lining, while the output of the soaking pits in-
creased by 15116 and 'he consumption of fuel decreased by 1021@.
U
Card 1/1

AUTHOR: Keys 1 SOV/133/58-9-22/29
Y
TITLE: At,,the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works (lia Cht-lyabinskom
rietallurgicheskom zavode)
PE'RIODICAL: Stall,' 1958, kTr 9, p 838 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An improvement in practice of thermal tureatment of quali
A - no-th-od -6-f --- h-e--a-t- treating blooms so that after rerolling or
forging the products obtained could be cooled in air withou",
any danger of flake formation,was investigated. For this
C>
purpose blooms (250-300 Dun) from pearlitic, semaimartensite
and martensite steels were heat treatod "Lor periods of 100-
120 lirs instead of 48 hours as previousl,-yr. Blooms so treated
after forging on roliing were cooled in air. Tests carried
out three months, later indicated the absence of flakes. The
work is being continued.
Card 1/2

SOV/133/58-9-22/29
At- the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
The operation of furnaces for heat treatment with elevat
roors
K @o;der to increase charge, roofs on 5 furnaces w-are eleva-
ted for 500 mm and their operation investigated. It was
found that some increase in the supply of gas was necessary.
The throughput of furnaces increased by 18%.
Card 2/2

AUTHOR: V. SOV/133-58-11-12/25
TITLE: At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works (Na Chelyabinskom
metallurgic-heskom. zavode)
EERIODICAL: Stall, 19581 Nr 11, p,998 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: 1) An increase in the durability of ingot moulds.
Ingot moulds for electric steels (ingots weighing
1 180 kg) with reinforced tops were tested; the life of
moulds increased by 22%. Simi1w moulds cast from nodular
iron were a'-so tested. The life of the latter moulds
increased to 76-98 heats as against 35 heats for moulds
from ordinary iron. The production of ingot moulds from
nodular iron for ingots weighing 6 200 kg is planned.
2) Mastering of the technique of producing steel casting
refractories by the method of 8emi-dry liessing.
The production of stopper tubes by semi-dry pressing
improved the quality of the refractories.
Card 1/1

@` 07/137-59-2-6/20'
AUTHORS; Dubi@ov,, IT.F.- Gorlach, I.&. -, -K 3, N.V. and 1@'hukov, D.G.
TITLE: An Ixiestigaticn of the Heterogeneity of a Transfermer
Steel Ingot (IssledoTani-ye necdnorodnosti slitka
transformatornoy stali)
D@R-TQDICAL: Stal'- , 1959, Nr 2.4 pp 11-7-122 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The chemi-.al and 2tructural non-uniformity cf a 6.2 ton
ingot of transformer steel was studied. The method ef
smelting steel in a 40 ton aro Airnace is described in
some detail. The chemical C0MpoSjt4Cn of the met-al in
the ladle was %: 0 0.04: Si 3.20: Mn 0.10; Ni 0" 12;
Gu 0.12; S 0.00'!-'; P 0.0@* and C..r'0.011.. The matal was
bottom pou--ced into E.2 ton, ingots. The sbape and dimensions
of -uhe ngot are shown in F! g.l. A longit--.idinal plate,
20 mm ti@lc.;k was cut cut- from the midale part of the ingot,
from whi-,h 60 samples were Ltollected by drilling for
nhpjni@@al analysis as shown in Tne segregation of
longitudinal and transverse ci-iss-seeVions of --,arbon,
sulphu:v,., phosphorus, aluminium and nitrogen is shown in
table 1 and Frig.-!:@. The degree of segreg-aticm was as
Card 1/4 fcllows:

S(AV-133-59-2-6/26
An 1nvL!stig.-.at-Jc,.ri of tho )-1;,-;teroVnej.-,:,y of a Trano-forme'l, Striel I n fLot,
Beviati,:)ja fi-om mean % C S P A]. N
30 -40 "0
r- 2; -_O
r.egativ-- 5 15 10 10
Ca.rd 2/4
1, n ralln,
Mea"n --catent was 3.101,.'), Maxinvam and mi. I
2.95%. 11(1 Xe6ularit-y i-C distrib,A-tion --.f silioon was
obser,,,,-zd. Mean mzunganuse was riumbe r c f
. @- a
sampln;s teken from the Upper pa.T-t; rf th,,- ingot- %-,ontained
0.1101'@; a-ail from the bottom part 0.092%. On the basis of
mean -;a"u-?s it Is conc-luded -,hat, t@je non.-iz-4-formity in the
dLE:tributicn of nangan!F@-=e was insignifioaunt. Mean
;antent was 0.030c,,)i in the I;art of the
ing,:--11- - 0.0.35:@'@ was the prodoziMant and in
the bottom pait - 0.025@,,; maxim@,!:n 0.04-'-',:- and min'
0.0411%. Th:os the distrib-i.:Ltion of chromium was found to br;
very non .. unJ-Corm. The co-uten4l-s of --opper and nicakel in
all samples was for copper it varied from betweeen
0.10 to 0.111.@ and for niokpal from 0.11 -',--o 0.!2ci-,,. The
and compositicrL of ruor.-meta,lli,@ -.:.nclusions
wtdch var'led from 0.01,72 - 0.0066" '1 q 'able

'OV/133-5 9--2-6/
An Investigation of the Heterogeneity of a Transformer @Steel -ingot
their appearance in F1 3. The predominant component
of non-metallic inclus @ns was alumina but considerable
quantities of T102, S102 and FoO were also found. The
size of the individual inclusions was comparatively small,
mainly 5@L only a small proportion was of about 50@L. The
macro and microstructure of sections taken from various
parts of the ingot is shown in Pis 4., 5 and 6 respectively.
It is concluded that a considerable improvement in tho
heterogenity of transformer steel can be obtained if the
contents of carbon, sulphur and aluminium. are decreased
to 0,02@@; 0*003% and traces respectively., The
introduction of electromagnetic stirring will also impro-ve
CIA -"A A./&

SOV/133-59-2--6/2E
An Inve5tigation of the Heterogeneity of a Transformer Steel Lagc.--
the uniformity of steel. There are 2 tables'. 6 fiLpire.,
and5 references of which 4 are Soviet, and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION:Urallskiy Institut Chernykh Metallov i CheI7
.fabinskiy
Metallurgicheakiy Zavod (Ural Ferrcus Me.W,a Institute
and Uhelyabinsk Metallurgical Works)
Card 4/4
,-'jV1133-59-2--iG/2@--
AUTHORS: _ Keys, N.V., Zhukov, D.G andKhizbm1*1raw Aj,%
TITIE: 1"astering of the Production o@ Transformer Steel
(e-).-.-"@ayeniye vyplavki transformatornogo metalla)
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1959, Nr 21 pp 130-131 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The development of the smelting practice of transformer
steel in 40 ton arc furnaces with subsequent teeming in
6.2 ton ingots is briefly outlined. The main points of'
established practice: Oxidation of carbon to 0.10 - 0-15'/;1
with iron org and further 0.03% carbon with dried oxygen,
(250 - 450 m2/heat). At the beginning of the reducing
period the metal is preliminaril deoxidised with
silicocalcium in lumps (1-5 kg/t@ and then during
15 - 20 min with powdered ferrosilicon (10 kg/t) and
aluminium. powder (1 kg/t). 20 - 25 minutes before tapping
the metal is alloyed with ?5% ferrosilicon. The metal
OC and in
ycrature before tapping should be 1620-1635
the ladle 15?0-159000. Depending on the temperature the
metal is retained in ladle for 10-20 minutes and then
treated with a desulphurising mixture containing lime
fluorospar and calcined soda. The metal in the ladle is
Card 1/2 vacuo treated for B-10 minutes at a residual pressure 04'

M
SOV/133-59-6-7/41
AUTHOR: Keys@ N.V.

TITLE: I -
.11--tfie, cheiyal;insk Metallurgical Works (Na Chelyabinskom
metallurgicheskom zavode)
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1959, Nr 6, p 502 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: 1. Smelting of ferrosilicon and foundry iron with
oxygen @snriched blast. Oxygen enriched blast (up to
25.1%) is being u.,@ed on a furnace of 930 m3 working
capacity, producing mainly ferrosilicon. When the
furnace operated on normal blast a systematic
formation ef ring-shaped scaffolds was observed. W:Lth
oxygen enriched blast the output of the furnace
increased and the coke rate decreased (at 25.1% 02 by
16.7% and 2-3% respectively). The temperature in the
hearth at a distance of 750 mm from the tuyere nozzle
reaches a maximum of 1980 - 20800C. The content Of C02
reaches the highest value (12%) at the point of maximum
temperature and decreases to zero at a distance of
1250 mm from the tuyere nozzle. The content of CO in
the flame 0..5% increasing to the centre of the hearth
Card 1/3 to 38-48%. Analysis of samples of metal and slag

At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
SOV/133-59-6-7/41
withdrawn through a tuyere indicated that: a) silicon
is reduced mainly above the tuyere level from liquid
slag; b) the degree of reduction of silicon in the
bosh and in the upper part of the hearth is determined
by the temperature and concentration of silica in the
primary slag; c) a partial oxidation of silicon takes
place on the tuyere level: from 10 - 13% in the centre
to 6 - 9% in the oxidation zone. Smelting of foundry
iron with oxygen enriched blast (23.5 - 24%) and
addition of steam 40 - 47 g/m3 increased the furnace
output by 9%. Smelting of foundry iron with oxygen
enriched blast was found to be uneconomical.
2. A study of the wear of the blast furnace hearth
bottom. After a furnace campaign of 14 years 4 months,
temperature measurements in the foundation, at two
levels and the temperature of iron in the bear were
carried out prior to blowing out for relining (no
details). Iron from the bear, which was in direct
contact with the chromemagnesite layer, contained less
Card 2/3 carbon, silicon and manganese thnn the iron usually

At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works SOV/133-59-6-7/41
produced. It is thought that the layer of this low
carbon iron at a temperature in the region of 1130 -
11500 (solidification temperature) acted as a protective
layer. The depth of bottom wear after 14 years was the
same as that of another furnace without a
chromemagnesite layer after a campaign of five years.
Card 3/3

SOV/133-59-6-15/41
AUTHOR: Keys, N.V.
TITLEt A-v th6-'CtmJ;-f&binsk Metallurgical Works
(Na Chelyabinskom metallurgicheakom zavode)
PERIODICALtStalf, 1959, Nr 69 PP 523-524 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: 1) The use of oxygen for smelting steel in open hearth
furnaces. Oxygen enrichment of air to 25Y* by supplying
oxygen to the flame increased the output of the
furnaces as follows:
furnace capacity, tons 100 185 370
increase in output, % 14.o 15.7 19.0
On operation with oxygen the cost of the steel
decreased bY 3.67 - 4.27 roubles/ton on the large
furnace and remained unchanged on 100 ton furnaces.
2) Pretreatment of pig iron before charging into
open hearth furnaces. Two methods of pretreatment of
pig iron in ladles were triedi blowing with oxygen
and additions of 2-4% of ore to the ladle before it
was filled with iron. In the first case the process
of desiliconisation was found to be too cumbersome:
Card 1/5 in the second case the process of desiliconisation was

SOV/133-59-6-15/4i
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
accompanied with a considerable temperature drop
e.g. after standing of 3 hours the content of silicon
dropped from 0.83 to 0.49% and the iron temperature
from 1450 to 13200C. No comments as to the
applicability of the latter method are given.
3) A decrease in the consumption of ferromanganese.
On changing the deoxidation practice for killed and
rimming steel, i.e. adding ferromanganese into the
ladle instead of into the furnace (10-20 minutes before
tapping) a considerable saving of manganese without
deterioration in the steel quality was obtained.
4) Alloying of steel with titanium-containing scrap.
For the replacement of ferrotitanium for alloying
steels 30T, 18".GT - 40KhGT smelted in 100 ton furnacesz
titanium filings and scrap containin � 99%' of titanium
was used. After ignition to 350-400 C for the removal
of oil, the scrap was placed on the bottom of the
ladle to which steel was tapped. Titanium losses in
Card 2/5 oxidation amounted to 57.5 to 63.5%.
K

At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
SOV/133-59-6-15/41
5) The use of graphite as a substitute for coating
materials for ingot moulds. Additions of graphite
(800 g/t) to ingot moulds during bottom pouring of
metal were tried. No changes in the surface quality
and macrostructure of carbon steels were observed but
the surface of rolled products from chromium and
silicon steels deteriorated. No carburisation of
metal during teeming was observed.
6) The use of unfired magnesite teeming nozzles
(in co-operation with the Works "Magnezit").
500 Heats of killed and rimmed steels were experimentally
teemed using unfired magnesite nozzles in 100 and
185 ton ladles with satisfactory results.
7) An improvement in the operation of regenerators.
In order to widen the regenerators and slag pockets,
the thickness of the insulation of the walls was
reduced from 230 to 115 mm, which increased the
durability of the cheeker work by 6.2%. In order to
decrease heat losses through the lining of the bottom
part of the furnace structure it is advantageous to
Card 3/5 replace the usual chamotte bricks by low weight bricks

the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
of bulk density 0.8 - 0.6 g/cm3
SOV/133-59-6-15/41
8) Cleaning of the regenerators from flue dust.
Washing of regenerators with water at a pressure of
5 - 7 atm was found to be successful but the mechanical
strength of the forsterite bricks decreased and the
temperature of the checker work decreased by 80-900C
and is recovered only after- 2-3 heats. It is planned
to increase the pressure of the cleaning water to
10-12 atm and to m4-x it with compressed air.
9) The use of unfired magnesite-chromite bricks in
open hearth roofs. Unfired magnesite-chromite roofs in
100 and 185 ton furnaces were tried. The number of
furnace repairs increased from 1.74 to 2.66 per year.
Despite the lower cost of unfired bricks, their use in
roofs of a length higher than 6 m is not advantageous.
10) Automation of the operation of the intermediate
draught valve. Reverses on 185 and 370 ton open hearth
furnaces are carried out according to "meeting gas"
Card 4/5 which leads to a sharp increase in the pressure in the

SOV/133-59-6-13/41
At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
working space of the furnace in the moment of reverse.
In order to decreasethe pressure, an automatic
opening of the intermediate valve in the moment of
passing of gas from both ports and its lowering after
the reverse was introduced.
Card 5/5

SOV/133-59-6-19/41
AUTHOR: Keys, N. V.
TITLE: At the CH-el-yaitinsk Metallurgical Works (Na Chelyabinskom
metallurgicheskom zavode)
PERIODICAL: Stalf, 1959, Nr 6t P 531 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: 1. An improvement in the microstructure of ingots
of 18KhNVA steel.
In order to counteract the appearance of intercrystalline
cracks in the axial part of the ingots of l8XhNVA steel,
"oxygen boilingil was introduced for the maximum removal
of gases from the liquid metal during the electro-
smelting of the steel. In the last moment of the
oxidation period the bath is energetically blown with
oxygen and refining is started without the removal of
slag. The content of hydrogen decreased from
5.25 - 7.76 to 3.57 - 4.33 cm3/100 g and a satisfactory
macrostructure of rolled products of a cross section of
160 x 160 mm was obtained.
2. Vacuma treatment of liquid metal in the ladle.
In order to study the influence of vacuum treatment of
transformer steel on its electromagnetic properties,
Card 1/2 the metal was treated in the ladle for 10 to 15 minutes

At the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works
SOV/133-59-6-19/41
at a residual pressure of 30 - 40 mm Hg. The content
of hydrogen decreased by I cm3/100 g, of nitrogen by
20% and non-metallic inclusions from 0.0145 to
0.0112%; magnetic induction increased by 300 Gauss with
a decrease in watt losses by 0.05 - 0.10 W/kg.
Card 2/2

SOV/133-59-6-26/4i
AUTHOR: Keys#, N.V.
TITLE: Att the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works (Na
Chelyabinskom metallurgicheskom zavode)
PERIODICAL: Stall$ 1959, Nz. 6l p 551 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs Flame dressing of blooms from rolling heating.
Flame dressing of blooms at a temperature 300 _ 4OO*C
(the heat after rolling) was successfully introduced
into normal practice. Previously flame dressing of
blooms of steels ShKhl5, UIO-U13, 5532 etc, which
have a tendency to the formation of crackal wan done
at 150_ 3009 after thermal treatment usually applied
for the prevention of flake formation.
Car-d 1/1

I SOV/133-59-9-13/31
AUTHORS: Neys,__N. Ayzenshtok, I.Ya., Komi3sarov, A.I. and
- 1@6yakl D.Bel engineers
TITLEt The Production of Steel 38KhMYuA for Internal Combustion
Engines
PERIODICAL: Stall, 19591 Nr 9$ pp 808-811 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Changes in the technology of smelting 38KhMYuA steel
since the start of its production in 1952, are outlined.
The main points in the smelting technology used at
present: a) a preliminary deoxidation of the bath with
pig iron after the end of the oxidising period; at the
beginning of refining,the bath is deoxidised with a
mixture of silicomanganese and 75% ferrosilicon in
lumps; b) addition of ferrochromium at the beginning of
refining; c) diffusion deoxidation with coke and
ferrosilicon during 20 minutes; d) shortening of the
reducing period to 80 minutes (instead of 120 to 150
minutes in the previous technology) metal temperature
before casting 1600 to 16200C in the ladle 1575 to 15900C.
Despite improvements in the smelting technology, the
proportion of defective metal is still high (in 1957 145S).
Card 1/3 Due to the appearance of spot segregation, head crops were

SOV/133-59-9-13/31
The Production of Steel 38Kh]6fYuA for Internal Combustion Engines
increased to 25%. Most common defects encountered in
this type of steel are describedt. 1) Spot segregation
consisting of localised enrichment of metal in carbon,
sulphur and phosphorus; the appearance of the defect is
associated with the evolution of gas during crystallization.
2) "Bubblesff - in the axial zone of macrotempleta
discontinuities in the metal called "coarse bubbles"
(Fig 1). A fracture along the zone of the "bubbles"
appears as lamination in the form of dark thread. No
changes in structure in the zone of the defect was
noti.ced, non-metallic inclusions are absent. Studies of
longitudinal cross sections of ingots (Fig 2) indicated
that the defect is associated with insufficient feeding
of the ingot during its solidification. 3) Cracks -
usually situated in the central part of macrotemplets
(Fig 3). The defect was found to be caused by too early
transportation of ingot bogies after teeming (40 minutes)
by retaining the bogies in the casting pit for 2 hours
20 minutes this type of defect disappeared. An
investigation of the defects in tile finished parts -
Card 2/3 blisters (Fig 51 6 and 7) indicated that some improvements

3()V/133-59-9-13/31
The Production of Steel 38KhMYuA for Internal Combustion Engines
in the forging of semis and stamping of parts are
necessary as at present, the central part of the ingot
is pushed towards the internal working surface of the
stamped parts. The necessity of establishing well
founded standards for defects which at present are
considered as unavoidable is stressed. There are
7 figures and 6 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Chelyabinskiy metallurgicheBkiy zavod
(Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Works)
Card 3/3

KITS N.V.; VATNSHTM, O.Ta.; KWuKINA, V.,&.
I
Making axle steel in high-capacity open-hearth furnaces.
Metallurg 5 w.8:16-18 Ag 060. (MM 13.'7)
1. Chellabinakiy metallurgicheakiy Sand.
(Open-hearth furnaces) (Steel-Metallurgy)

WIWW0000610071011
AMMi 4huk"
ftvlohoy, a'A, a
THMI bb tho VmWIft of Tmer-omer-At-yel Melting
Pff4=01t tfttal1:urg,, 1960, No. 6, pp. 18-22
TWt 1hft1;"&V16h It 8-Ily-en oft Peculiaritkbt 1h the technology of trans-
ftyw %%%I **I" 4L% vv* :RWNWW==1%. 1-111=1. the Kuznetsk1% "Wlur-
Cornbihe) and the Chelyabintkiy
MVVtA ftbIVA@Ihsk Metallurgical Plant) . A special feature
WA"W IV V* VWY4b"%m%%11 plWit is that a relatively high Z@mltmt of C and
-8 It bbtbLbWd th %ht ftl."h tIMiVe (0.30-0.40 C and 0.030-0.03% 31 . 'The
carbon is oxidized by the ore and then by gaseous oxygen. The reduction time
deperids on the sulfur obtained in the finished metal (not over 0 .005%) . Nft@r
teeming the metal is subjected to vacuum.treatment in the ladle. At the Yuznetsk
plant the melting process Is conducted in a highly organized manner. The
necessary amount of ore and lime is added to the charge so that the oxidizing
and the melting stage are coublued. After repeated slag formation the pool is
subjected to wqgen blaBt-;. d4zUS the blast the carbon content is reduced to
Card 1/2
On the Problem of Transformer Steel Melting
0.02-0.0.3%, Until 1960, oxidizing at the Chelyabinsk Metallur-gical Plant wao
brought about with iron ore and subsequent elimination of carbon by blvding the
pool with oxygen. Presently, the oxidation and the melting stage have been
combined; simultaneously with the charge 2.5 t iron ore and 1.0 t lime are
introduced. It was stated that the amount of rejects was relatively low at all
the plants. The dependence of surface defects in slab.!i on the metal tempera-
ture in the ladle is given and shows that the minimum percentage of rejects is
0
obtained at a temperature of 1570-1590 C. The content of impurities in metals
produced by the enumerated plants is represented by graphs. The metal Troduced
at the Chelyabinsk plant contained the highestamounts of carbon, sulfur,
manganese and nickel. The metal from Dneprospetsstall contained the lowest
amounts of carbon, sulfur and chromium (to 0.005%). The metal from the Kuznetsk
Combine contained more carbon and about 40% of the melts contained 0.006-0.00&%
S. Thousandths of a per cent of Ti were revealed in all the metals. Data on
the output of high-grade rolled sheets made of metal which was produced by the V
aforementioned plants do not indicate the advantages of one or the other
technology, since an effect of the used technology on the output was not
established. There are 2 sets of graphs and 3 tables.
ASSOCIATION3: TsNIIChM. rhelyabinskiy metallurgicheskiy zavod (Chelyabinsk
Metallurgical Plant) Kuznetskiy metallurgicheskiy kombinat
(Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine)
Card 2/2

3/133/60/000/007/004/016
The Use of Silicochrome When Smelting Steel in Open Hearth Furnaces
Cr 49 - 56 29 - 39
Si 15 - 19 40 - 54
C 2-75 - 4-50 0.12 - 0.20
When using 12 - 20 type silicochrome 7 - 20 kg/t were added, whereas of the
40 - 50 type silicochrome about 4.5 kg/t (in the ChMZ) and about 2.3 kg/t
(in the YM) and for 30 - 35 KhGSA 6-5 kg/t were added. Whsn applying 8111..
cochromet steels of the required composition could be produced without any
difficulty and the duration of the preliminary deoxidation could be reduced
by 5 - 9 min in both plants, (i.e., by 0.3 - 1.5@ of the melting time). TY&
amount of chrome, manganese and silicon scale is practically the same as
for the conventional method (in Ziatoustovsks Gr 181,.1f, Mn 20%, Si 32%, in
Chelyabinsk3 Cr 19%, Mn 25%, Si 38%). The lower amount of chrome scale in
the ZMZ can be explained by the higher residual chrome content of the metal
before deoxidations 0-13 - 0-31% as compared to the values obtained in the
ch= t 0.06 - 0.13%. In order to obtain an optimum economical effect, when
melting medium-carbon chrome steel, the amount of 20 type sill cochrome should
be 11 - 13 kg/t in the ChMZ and 6.5 - 9,5 kg/t in the ZMZ and the silicon
used in conventional melting be replaced by blast-furnace ferrosilicon. Men
Card 213

KRYS, N.V.; KOMISSAWY, A.I.
Studying conditions for the acceleration of the sintering
process and preparing a h h-basicity fluxed sintere
stall 2o no.8-698 Ag 110. (MIRA 13:7)
(Sintering)

KSTS, N.V.; KOMISShROV, A.I.
laborator7 reaearch at the Cholli-binsk. Metallurgical Plant.
Stall 20 no.8Z715 Ag 160. CMIU 13:7)
(Open-hearth procees)

0119
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1P to 01.
vie*$ &eT "ae &iSins
1960@ jueta 0 1hain"11t&eo1.i,,,re a.-0011
0 teel - .I0as A tbLe
'Dete
ear r-je ar 00
r 13
e-re orvu@ @4-,,as IL bon
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S/133/6()/ooo/008/005/013
News in Brier silicate (2,5@ Mg,
from the metal comPlOtelyv in seven meltinge magnesium um 00@ Ce and
58% si, 1-38@ Al and 16.9% Fe) and in one melting forrooe ri no
35%. La) were added. For 0.5 mm sheets, rolled from the test ingc ,
change in the electromagnetic properties was observed. 2. Tests were
the quality of 18XH8A(16kh14VA)0grade steel
carried out in order to improve
by boiling with oxygen without removing subsequently the slag and by re-
fining under this slag layer. The metal was poured into molds for 1-115
and 2.65 t and then the steel was rolled into squares of 160 and 175-200 mm.
The macrostructure and the longitudinal quench crack of the specimens were
satisfactory. It was found that hydrogen considerably affects the formation
of intercrystallite cracks and their shape. The new technology made it
possible to reduce the hydrogen content of the finished metal to 0.90-1-58
CM3/100 g. The total amount of waste products from the test metal was 2%
against 5.3% for the conventional type. 3. Tests werefcarried out in order
to improve,@the technology of melting and the surface 0 the 1X1eH9T
(lKhl8N2.Z) type stainless steel ingots. By a more intensive 6eoiidation
ot *-the iow-carbOn steels and by adding more chrome silicate it was possible
to decrease the ferrochrome consumption from 140 to 124 kg/t. As a result
of the lubrication applied earlier to ingot molds when smelting steel with
Card 2/3

AUTHORSi Keys, N. V. and Komissarov, A. I.
TITLE-, News in Brief
PERIODICAL.i Stall, 1960, No. 8, P. 740
TEXT@, At the Chelyabinskiy metallurgiche8kiy zavod (Chelyabinsk
Metallurgic;al Plant the output of rolled productsl@rrom the ixieH9T-
Y@-es'iainless steel was raised considerably,, and consequent-
ly the demands made on the 800 and 1100 type adjusting machines also
increased. In order to raise the capacity of the adjusting process9 two
equipments for flame scarfing the stainless steel were installed. An
aluminum-magnesium powder is applied in this process. it waa found that
it is economical to use flame scarfingonly for metals with rough surface
defects.
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S/133/60/000/008/012/013
AUTHORS: 1@eys, No V... and Komissarov, A. I&
I----------------------
TITLE; News in Brief
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1960, No. 8, P- 757
TEXT-. 1. The new melting te.2hnolog-y applied at the Chelyabinskiy
metallurgicheskiy zavod ( Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Pl nt) in order to
improve the quality of ball-bearing steel differs from the conventional
method in several aspectBi the boiling period is made more intensive, pig
iron is added at the end of the oxidation 0phasev0 the metal temperature is
reduced during melting and pouring (1,530 - 1,550 C); the steel and slag
are tapped through an opening of 250-300 mm. This new method decreases
the quantity of non-metallic inclusions, oxides, etc. in the metal (the
amount of specimens with inadmissible contents of oxides decreased from
14.9-16.0% to 7.7-6.0% and the amount of globular enclosures from S-7-7.5%
to 0.55-2%y. 2. The cauoes of the low notch toughness of the 3CxrCHA
OMGSKA)@ttype steel were investigated. The conditions of the heat treat-
ment for this type of steel are prescribed by a standard for an average
chemical composition of the metal with 0.27--0.32% C and maximum content
Card V2

S/133/61/000/001/005/016
A054/AO33
AUTHORS s Keys, N.V.; Zhukov, D.G.; Malinovskaya, T.I.; Vikharev, A.M.
TT.::Xl Using Wooden Frames in Electric Steel Pouring
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1961, No. 1, pp. 38 - 39
TEXT8 At the end of 1957, the Chelyabinskiy metallurgicheskiy zavod (Chel-
yabinsk MetaLlurgical Plant), in cooperation with the TaNlIChM introduced a new
for producing LUX15 (ShKhl5) grade ball bearing steel, applying lower
@emperat rep for the liquid metal (before pouring 1,530 - 1,5500C instead of 1,563
'u
IPC
,90'3C).'Th1s Improved the quality of the metal as regards non-metallic in-
.!,jelons. F6uring was carried out with skin-formaticn at the metal surface when
the 1cwer third of the ingot mold was filled. However, the new method increased
the surface defeats of the new metal producing distortions on the ingot, flaking
and 3ra,@?klng in the rolled product. The rate of rejects due to surface defeats
in the m9tal poured at 1,530 - 1,5500C was 1.47% as compared to 0.21% of the can-
ventional metal. Wnen the causes of these surface defeats were investigated It
wag f,@vnd that the distortions occurred mainly in that part of the ingot which
corresp@,,nipd to the reduotion of the metal flow speed during pouring for the pur-
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S/133/61/000/001/005/016
Using Wooden Frames in Electric Steel Pouring A054/AO33
uoBe of skin formation. To eliminate these surface defects it was decided to put
wsoden frames In the ingot molds and to fill the lower part of the ingot mold
rapidly, then slowing down the pouring speed and Increasing it again when filling
the upper third of the ingot mold. The use of wooden frames reduced the percent-
age of rejects due to surface defects to 0.08% as compared to 1.47% in metal
poured without wooden frames. The new method has been applied also for trans.-
former steel and it was possible to reduce the percentage of surface defects in
47.his steel from 2.5 to 0.5% using wooden frames in the ingot molds.
ASSO%771ATION: Chelyabinskiy metallurgicheskiy zavod (Chelyabinsk Metallurgical
Plant)
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3/133/61/oDo/c)o1/oo2/o16
A054/AO33
AUTHORS: Kolosov, M.I., Candidate of Teohnical ScIencesl Stroganov, A.I.,
Candidate of Technical Sciences 'x Vaynehteyn, O.Ya., Engineeri
Keys, N.V.,A Engineer; Khryukina, V.A., Engineer
TITLE: Crystallization and Quality Improvement of 18-30xrT (18-30KhGT)
Grade Steel
PEMODICAL: Stal"@@11961, No. 1, pp. 25 - 28
.. I 'A
TEXTs In the 16KhGT grade steel detects In the forjn of blisters and twists
were found, mainly In the top part of the ingot, re-julting in 7% rejects. The
defects in the ingot body were most probably due to pouring in such a way that in
the ingot mold top a skin was formed at the walls. When 5-ton ingots were cast
the defects de'cr@ased due to the shorter pouring time resulting in a smaller tem-
perature differenie between the beginning and the end of the casting process. An
efficient measure to prevent these defects was topping the ingots at 19% of their
height instead of 17%. Another type of defeot is the "tengue" observed on the
face of the ingot when cutting the hot metall. In the 5-ton and 6.2-ton ingots
this type of defect increased to 25%. Wen investigating these "tongues" on
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3/133/61/000/001/002/016
A054/AO33
Crystallization and Quality Improvement of 18-3OXrT (18-30KhOT) Grade Steel
etched longitudinal and lateral macrosections and on t1he longitudinal hardened
fracture, It was found that they were actually laminations of the central zone of
the ingot. Maorostructuraltests revealed at the place of laminations an accumula-
tion of non-metallic impurities, extending along the axis of lamination. More-
over, Investigations of the longitudinal hardened frazture showed that this lami-
nation is an internal defect of the metal connected with the crystallization of
the ingot. Therefore, tests were made to determine the character of 6rystalliza-
tion and the structure of 18-30KhGT grade steel ingots. The crystallizationpr(>-a-
ess was studied in 6.2-ton ingots by the tilting method, radiometry and tempera-
ture tests. In the radiometrio method (Ref. 1, M.I. Kolosov, A.N. Morozov, et
al., "Rate and Sequence of the Crystallization of Killed Steel-Ingotd. In the
collectioni "The Application of Radioactive Isotopes in Ferroug Metallurgy",
Chelyabinsk, 1957), the Fe59 radioactive Isotope was applied. The metal tempera-
ture during crystallization was recorded at distances 665, 1,125 and 1,425 mm
from the riser, with platino-rhodium-platinum thermocouples, protected by double-
wall quartz tubes between which graphite rings were fitted at each level. During
crystallization a double-phase zone formed along the axis of the Ingot. The con-
siderable toughness of the 18-3OKhGT steels makes the feeding of the central part
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