SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KHLEBNIKOV, A.YE. - KHLEBNIKOV, G.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000722030001-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

All'
91'
Ali
loll
a It I Joe i v

WAW
SOV/ 137-58-9-111582
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 19580 Nr 9, p 58(1),13SR)
A..UTHORS: Churakov,I M. M., Khlebnikov, A.Ye.
'rITLE: On the Problem of Improving the Scrap-smelting Technology of
High-grade Steel in Basic Open-hearth Furnaces (K voprosu
uluchsheniya tekhnologii vyplavk.i kachestvennoy stali sRrap-.
protsessom v osnovnykh martenovskikh pechakh)
PERIODICAL: V sb.- Staleplavilln. proiz-vo. Moscow, Metallurgizdat,
1958, pp 27-43
-ABSTRACT: Ten separate smeltings were carried out in order to eval-
uate the expediency of smelting structural Cr-Ni steel in 30-
ton, fuel -oil - operated, open-whearth furnaces employing no 02
and operating in accordance with a novel technique which pro-
vides for an intensified boil period of the molten metal with, a
low Mn content during that period (no Fe-Mn is added) and in-
volves the utilization of Si-Mn for purposes of preliminary de-
oxidation. The new procedure reduced the duration of the smelt-
ing operation by approximately 12%, the average time being 7
hours and 36 minutes. 34% of Mn contained in the Si-Mn was
Card 1/2 oxidized and 661o of this clement was utilized (as contrasted

SOV/ 137-58-9-18582
On the Problem of Improving the Scra-0-stneltinry Technology (cont.)
with 58.91o in the case of standard technology). As the Mn content decreases
in the course of a boil, the content of S remains unchanged and constitutes
0.013-0.015%. Only.Si-Mn (in amounts of 7-8 kgtt) is employed for deoxida-
tion of steel,- thus making it possible to reduce the weight quantity of the
reductant by one third,, to correspondingly lower @the amounts of gases and
nonmetallic inclusions being introduced into the molten metal, and to reduce
the content of,P which, in a finished steel, amounts to 0.013616. In addit.ion,
deoxidation may be carried to completion if the steel contains 0.25-0.277a of
C instead of 0 19-0.21016. The novel'technique reduces the consumption of
Mn and Si by 6 and Z416, respectively, but increases the consumption of Cr
by,816. Compared with metal obtained in standard smelting 'procedures, the
steel produced by the novel technology is characterized by increased plasti-
city and a greater ak'
L. K.
1. Chromium-nick6l alloys--Test methods 2. Open hearth furnaces--Perforni-ince
3. Manganese--Oxidation 4. Manganese-4onsumpticn 5. Silicon.-Consumption
Card 2/2

18-3200 71 971
00V/133- 59 -10 - 32/39

AUTHORS: Ve a caya, Ye. D
ly,. S-. 1.
rboll i Smolensk, j Eligineeps
'
Khlebnikov, A . Ye . Doctor of Technical Sciences, @r.o
f6s3or)
@
TITLE: Effect of' Deoxidation by'Calcium-.Sillcon on Properties-or.
Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel
PERIODICAL: Stall,.1959, Nr 10, pp 93B-91.12 (USS[1)
ABSTRACT: At Lower Dnepr Plant-imeni K. Liebknecht (Nizhne-Pneprovskiy
zavod imeni K. Libknekht), Magnitogorsk Combine (MagniLo-
gorski kombinat) and Combine imeni Serov (kombinat imeni
Serova@ calcium-silicon deoxidation drastically reduced
the number of aluminate inclusions. The beneficial effect
of calcium alloys on the distribution and shape of oxysul-
fide inclusions had been previously established, Zgef 4J.
Right, D., Iron and-Steel, 1945, Vol 18, Nr
1M The authors
_
tested calcium silicon in deoxidizing chrome-nickel-mol.ib-
steel for intricate shape casting with the following
purpose: (1) increase of plasticity and ductility of atutal,_
and (2) production of sound castings with fibrous frac-
tures (without intracrystalline fracturing), Throughout
Card 1/4 all tests melting temperatures were maintained within the

Effect of Deoxidati6n by Calcium-Silicon 75971
on Properties of Chrome-Nielcel-Molybdenum Steel SOV/13]3-59-10-132/39
1570 to 1600 C.-vange. Two plates cast from each melt
into a dry sand-loam mold'vicre heat treated. Bars were
cut out after heat treatment, brok.'en Linder a pile driver
for fracture testsi macrotemplets and specimens for ten-
sile and impact strength testu were prepared as wel I I E13P
microsectiono.for the StUd-V Of nonmetallic Inclusiom3.
mechanical properties data of steel deoxidized by different
quantities of calcium are shown by way of comparison in
Figure 2. The authors conclude a:@ folloV13: (1) The sub-'
stitution of calcium- sil I con for 11JUMinum. in the final
deoxidation of steel improves plai@ticity and ductility
owing to the formation or morc favorably.ohaped nonmetal-
lic Inclusions in primary graln.@i; .(2) the optimal q antity
of calcium-silicon to be intvoducod to produce steel' witlh-
out surface., porooity and with high mechanical propertiec;
is 0.15% Ca; (3) evidently, improved plastic propertlies
allow increasing strength charactcristics by increas:@ng
the carbon content without affecting, plasticity (see@Table' I).
The authors,recommend the continuation of experimental do-
oxidation with calcium- silicon in lieu of alurainunt. . There, ,
are 5 figures; .1 table; and 11 references, 3 S---)vietj @1. U.S_
The U*.S.- reference is Right, D. Dr-on and Steel, 1@)45

Effect of De'Oxidation by Calcimi-Sill"N,
on Properties of Chrome-Nialcel-Molybdenwa Steei SO'V/133-59-10-32/3@
ril
cl@
I o6o o
4 A4
S4
64
L- L4
Fig. 2. a a oteel deoxIdlzed with alu-minum: en-
1 5 B
sile strength; 0' 13 =yield limit; orp- proportionai iim,-Lt;'
a k Impact strength; reduction of area- elongation.

Effect of Deoxidation by Calcium-Silicon 75971

on Properties
of Chroine-Nickel-Malybdenum Steel @SOV/133-50-10-32/39
"Performance figures of mechanical properties of chrome-nickel-
molybdenum ateel eamples of industrial (nomi nator) and experl- i
mental (denominator) castings Table 1

Specimens Brinell Hardness r
mm

Transverse 93,9 80.7 70- 1 15,8 49,1 9,7
94,4 80.3 17,8 57.6 10,6
Vertical 3,65-3;80
94@15
79,5
72,3
16,1
48,6
8,4
3.70 3.75 03,6 79.1 72,5 18.,5 61,5 11.0
lJorizontal 92.3 Mit-5 70.1; 15,3 43.1 8,3
-ii-.0 79,5 7
1 T7,8 56,1
1 1-11.0

Card 4/4

A 4 -RAll
- --------------
i tow 0 . D.
K"crrmoog npommo=Too cl-l
G.K16--w.4 low." -11-1 1

...pm wAmtt%4 fares Ie

I "Mom, A- 1959. *jA.nd.-o-
11MA-91

A. avA A. To, A

us prom d"wkl ou k
a
for the 5% ftilml oweleal c
ft
IAJAAW
o
Jim Im. GO St"I ftelm'",

lo T. SURIKOW-Ao Kcry-

raddologljo ag tft M"W-mw
um
m
*@" or
stou,
l, h
MW for 00 SO VA"I"I cb9o"al C=ftmm o
Bas
n
a
ad tion.
A.HJA.syw
r@ 0 @"@9 M

, qF'r. "-"4@
P" vo"t"4 rw tu 3th M702." Cho"de"
i
caftywwo = luel hvdwuooo "notor. 30 im 1959.

SOY/340? -I
18(l.3)
olementov dITS I
rimomoht'r,
struktsl,)nnykll
O
l
kor
p
Ye P
So.eshchan
flZlkQ-12e4h1nIcheSk1kh avoyet
-
6 t AMY
*pets I&I -nylc@
h I

R.dk stalyak
Ttonsactions Of fth
0Z8Vjol'nyye olo'sonty V iloys; the yvi-
th 916mOntd In "'t"'s and A
tA '10 LaProve
E
(
C ar
ftre
re.ce on the Use or pAre garth Ilezen
omift 'I and special Stewl$
a or Struetur4
sli
ct
4
g
Gal and me h&nicsl prop"r
not-,t1lurgizdat. 1959. 246 p. grrata
sj Moscow
2
,
Oy
and Al
Inserted. 3,150 tOP16s printed.
ozhosint 14. of Publishing HOUS,, A. 1. 0281'stskels;
?
A
r
.
id.& A
Tech: Id.t P. 0. lslqnt*T*Va.
ums and
i
t
-er4dd for ongipser's techn
pmpou'i This book Is Int janpvy and VCnf@rrcuf
tslIuMy of I
l
Lgher *ducatlcrA
60141.19t, engaged Im the Os
0
be used LY students Or h'
jc&I sol*nc* r
a
d
m
lLjrg
y
matale' an
ho are 8"011LIS-2inS In the =*%&"
schools, w
.tale --
------ -wnx I-h -aI
-
nd uses or
_v.."gi'".. a
r
"' steel. alloys. The Influence of rare earth

:f structurel.
ad.l. Iv-- 1- 1-1 v he technical Properties
In 0 described.
,
n
d
&"*Yv
to
ly Soviet) accompany "elk
oz
t
ViSur.., tables and rorarenc:s C:
artlcl*. SO Personalities or* sentloned.
... a.. . .... @ r ....... @Z.Z' MQKI@ o'c-nTov." @"'
rAtItut* for mineralogy, r1*601401atry amd Chostleal Crystallh-
hy of Rare EArth Z1Oz*nt&s AS USSR). The State or Jere x"Ima
tl
d
h
T .

an an
I%cn-
t
rend In Its Develaiment (Accarding.to
q
SOVI uC
tu
t Lit
a
era
re) 5
Torml ch
ev v v A zmalneor. Candidate or Chemical 3cltnc*al
.2
R
"
l
K
h
d
L
.
a or Do,
r
-
ot
a
-s
aser.
-
Amounts. pt Rare 1Arthm In Steals
215
S&vltsW.-T".. Doctor of Chemical Sciences,' V, _F Torekhovs.
Caiafa4ta of Technical Sciences$ and
Investigation of the,nWalcothesical Interaction or no" ZartA
AstAls With Iron and Steel 31

-Asxnlkova. 3. Ya.
In Ine4n Irtact of Rare Rarths on fto
sultur-ond-onam Contents or Molten Steel and the state or
Sulfur in 3*114 Steel so
Kul!rmla-Y-A.-Insineep Dependency or the mothmit"
-
proPertles of Structural Steel 3TW3A on Reducing Agents
404 Methods of Extraction 77
aulynyov. B. B. , Doctor or Technical Sciences; _Xj@ S"praft"
'-ii;axAat&-Zr-e*hn I cal
-kF-,
So lone as; 0
X
Ma
ltakly; C-AW14-
.
.
,
8
je
of Technical Sciences; and Z-D-Xjjto@ . Ei-inetr- Influence
o
Rare
r Rarths on the Cryetal4zatla AmehAnIcal J@koportlsm
of Cast steel 92
D., Inglpeorl L-Y_jqokqv, Inginserl and
'A - ff@tsbaikom--Doctor of Technical Sciences. The affect
of CArlum
Ad4itlv*s On the Properties of Cr-Al-Mo Steel for-
Shmp*4 Steel Casting 1111
act 14shtsy"i-ya-Vo. . Candldmt
of Technical 3clenc*s . and
0. D. thlehaklna, 9ndIneom Th ffect or Carlum an the
:
Structure and Proper%tes Of Cast and Forged steel 130
candid &to Of 1.4hri.,11 Sciences, and

qZT -
katukhay, Candidate of Technical Sciences. study or
tze zrreat Or RWFi ZArthS on the Phystcomechanlc42 Pxvpor-
ties of Cr-Xi-No steel I"
-Studnits, K. A_ Candidate of Technical Sciences;
TU-.--t.-JCOnOV@-Znglna0ri and A. 1. Sokolikov. Znglnoor.
The influence or Rare tartho an the Nature of Fracture
and the structure and Properties of steel 153
Tet?!.j-1 satenodsl
.@,_YX&VtMov- Doctor of Technical Sctqnc*ol
Candldato Of Tochnimma Solgnt4b. Additives,for Welding
Titanium Alloys 296
%Offe V. X., Cand1dato or Technical Sciences, and V
K. Burov
.
.
xngl
=**r. Slactroah'eallc4a Mothod of Producing Riech
p
,
me, Alms for PWltlod Cast Iran
204
L. P., Cekr4ldato_Or Technical sciences; L.M. 3hIgldjoa,.
'
"
l
In orl and
0
D
3udak
"
Th
P
h
F-
.
.
4
.
e
rC
p
l
t@- or Cautel
fOr
the
I-
1140"ClIty of W=84tn Steel at High Temperature
P .. I ... Itt.. F.

/60/000/009/025)'0',.9
AOO6/AOO1-
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1950, No. 9, pp. 26i.@,252,
21636
AUTHORS: Verbollskaya, Ye.D., Isakov, I.V., Kilebnikov, A.Ye.
TITLE: The Effect of CeriumAdmixtures on @thePrope`:,fties of Chrome-Nickel-
Molybdenum Steel for Shaped Steel Castings
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Redkozemel'n. elementy v stalyakh i splavakh, Moscow,
Metallurgizdat, 1959, PP. 118-129
TEXT: A study was made of the effect of Ce introduced in the form of miech
metal aa a deoxidizer, on the micro- an@ d -- e
imacrostructure, S distribution, an. tt
mechanical properties of Cr-Ni@Mo ste4bcontaining 0,36-0.41% C. Experimental
melts were made in 150-kg open and vi-auum furnaces with deoxidation by 0,0-(%', Al or
0.2 or 0.3% misch metal. It was established that processing of Cr-Ni-Mo steel
'With mii,:-ch metal admixtures (0.2-0.3%) containi g 40-60% Ce, increased a of t`-e
n k
steel by a factor of 2.0 to 2.5.
Translator's note: This ip the full translation of the original Russian abstmc!t,
Cari 1/1

LINCHETS11Y, Boris Vadinovich; TIRTW, Aleksandr Abramovich;
JWW IIKOV A.re. prof., doktoir takhn.nauk, red.;
lzbvjgr, 'Rhpr. "@-d-.%6f4&*WXWTZHINGKAYA, L.T. takha.red.
(Use vf vaomm processes in steelmaking] Primnenis vakumme
v proisvodetve stali. Moskva, G*s.nauohno-tekhn.ixd-vo
lit-ry po chernoi i tavetnoi metallurgii, 1.96o. 125 P.
(KIU 12:12)
(Steel--Hetallurgr) (Vacuum metallurgr)

AR R
t4
"fill
a �8
i r i, I

1 VIC,
14
144
01- 4
r, I r, i p TA;
j p
a his it t- -
Nr
11L r
-Val

BAPTIMUNSKIT, Tedim Ippolitovich.;@ZLUMMI@Oy, A*Tele . prof., doktor taklm.
nauk, retoenzent; KONMOT, T.T., @-Fo-f-..retsenzent; PlITSM,
V.I., red.izd-va; K W SET, A.I., takhn.red.
[Meebanism and kinetics of processes in the converter bath)
Makhanizm i kinatika protseseov v konverternoi vanw..-Moskva#
Oca.nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi i tevetuoi metallurgil.
1960. 283 p* (KIRA i4a)
(Converters)

-4M@M
OWOV, A.A.; rKT-WR may, A-ye.
Intensification of open@-hearth smelting. Izv.Aff Uz.SSIL Serotilkhe
nauk. no.2:15-20 160. (MIRA 13:3-0)
1. Institut metallurgii AN SSSR i GorWy otdel AN UzSSR.
(Opew-hearth process)

B/167/60/000/003/003/0()4/XX
A104/AI33
AUTHORs Omarov,.A, X., and Khlebnilcov, A. Ye.
TITLE% On the belhavior of hydrogen during the basic open-hearth
scrap-prooess
PERIODICALC Izveatiya Akademii nauk UzSSR. Seriya tekhnicheskikh nauk-,
no- 3, 1960t 38 - 49'
TEXT: The contradictory opinions expressed in Refs. 1 - 7 [Ref. Is-
Yavnyskiy, V. I., Gazy v vannakh staleplavilinykh pechey (Gases in the
baths of steelmelting furnaces), Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1952; Ref. 21 yst-
-7oyskiy, V. I., Fiziko-khimicheskive osnovy proizvodstva, stali (The physic@l-
(,hemical basis of steel production), Moscow, AN SSSR, 1957, 515 - 533;
Ref. 3t Levin, S.L.- Chuyko, N. M. et al., "Stall", 'A j
1954, no. 2, 129 1.@5;
Ref, 4: Baptizmanslgiy-.V@ I., Thejhysical-ob9mical basis of steel produc-
-tion, Moscow, AN SSSR-1 .1.957, 652 - 653; Ref- 5t Morosov, A. N., Vodorod. i
azot v stali (Hydrogen and nitrogen in steel), Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1950;
Ref. 6: Dobrokhotov,,N. N., Povo'lotskiy, D. Ya. et al., "Stall", 1953, 110-9,
796 - 800; Ref, 71 Umrikhin, P. V., Kuro.chkin, K. G. et-al., "Chernaya
Card 1/4

S/167/6O/OOd/0OVO0/OO4'/XX
On the behavior of hydrogen during... A104JA133
meiallixrgiyall, 19.58, no. 11 and others, concerning the.effect of technolo-
gioal factors on the hydrogen content in the metal during basic open-hciarth
smelting are cliscussed.- Tests.for the purpose of improving casting methods
of rimming and killed steol in,open--hearth furnaces were carried out at the
Uzbekskiy metallurgicheskiy.'@zavod (Uzbeksk Metallurgical Plant) by U. Ralch-
mankulov and-Z. Zaporozhan@ In all castings obtained by the conventio:aAl
method the hydrogen contentlincrease6.throughout the time of deoxidation
during heat finishing, whereas in all castings obtained by the new method
'he hydrogen content decreases toward. ' the end of heat finishing. Testj3
were carTied out'in 70-ton Martin furnaces with chromium-magnesite crowns
heated. with air-sprayed petroleum. The charge consistbd of 33% cast irony
'7 scrap iron and chips. Tvre*ty-five castings of CT3 TI(St3sP), C.T5
;% Nt5)
and (T25rc (St25gs) stpels were'obtained. In 18-castings the hydrogen con-
tent wa:s determined after smelting, during the slag formation and burning:,
at the beginning of clean rimming, before deoxidation, tapping and during
pouring.. The remaining castings were inspected only during tapping and.
pouring. The metal and slag samples were subjected to chemical analysis,
the temperature was measured with a tungsten-molybdenum immersion thermo-
Card 2/4

8/167/60/000/005/003/01)4/,Ex
On the behavior of hydrogen during... A104A133
couple@ Nine castings-were obtainod by the conventional method, at a rim-
ming duration of 40 min or longer; forthe remaining nine castings tho
duration of rimming was optional. The presence of oxygen in the steel wan
determined by pencil tests'acoording to the vacuum-heating method proposed
by G. 1. Batalin [Ref. 8: "Zavodskaya laboratoriya", 19,53, no. 5] at 6000C.
The time between sample-taking and beginnin of analysis was 10 - 13 mI.n
and the moisture of mazut' amounted to 6 - Wo. A possible dependence between
the hydrogen content after@casting and total duration of charging and cast-
ing was examined, but no connection was revealed between these two factors.
The tests proved that variations of the hydrogen content during heat finish-
ing depend on the decarbonization rate of the bath and on the rising tem-
petature of metal. At sufficiently intensive boiling of Vo :@@ 0.011ya/min
the hydrogen content decreases even at maximum rate of-temperature,rising
(2 - 2.20 per min). The value of critical decarb6nization rate varies-cor-
responding to the ris#g bath temperatures. During tapping and pouring the
hydrogen content In metal decreases compared to its content prior to tapping.
After deoxiffation in the furnace the content of hydrogen increases corret-
sponding,to th'a-rising temperature. There are 9 figures and 14 Soviet-bloo
Card 3/4

8/167/@0/000/003/00/004/XX
On the behaviorof hydrogen during.'.4 A1044133
references.
V/
ASSOCIATIONt Institut metallurgii AN SSSR. Gornyy otdel AN UzSSR (Institute
of Metallurgy AS USSR, Mining Section AS UZSSR)
SUBMITTED. JulY 31, 1959
Card 4/4

ONAROV, A.K.;,EWMNIKOV, A.Te.
Hydrogen behavior in the course of the basic open-hearth
Urap process*.I%vfvys*ucbeb&zav,; chern.met., w.4:66-76
6o. (KRA 13:4)
1. Institut metallurgii AN SSSR, i Usbekskiy metallurgicbeekiy
zavod.
(Open-beartb pro@slxs) (Steel--Hydrogen content)

A161/Am
AUTHORS: Umarov, A.K.; Khl-ebnikov, A.Ye@
TITLE: Boosting the Open-Hearth Process by Desulfurizing Steel In the Uffie
With Mixtures
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurglyas
19601 No. 8p pp. 29 33.
TEXT i To eliminate the aonventional means of reducing the sulfurcontent
in steel In an open-hearth furnace during heat (charging ferromangapese, spiegel
Iron, or ore, repeatedly skimming and again producing slag) considerably delay-
ing the end of the procesj, desulfuratlon in the ladle has been used at Verkh-
Isdtskiy me'tallurgiaheakiy zavod (Verkh-Isetakoye Metallurgical Works) for traza-
former steel (Ref. 1) by a mixture of 80% lime and 20% fluorspar. Destafuration
to 50% was achieved with 1% (by weight) of this additive, but theexperiments
were carried out only with steel with more than 2.8% Si. The present article
.gives the results of treating rimming steel GT- 3KTT (St- 3kp), killed CT- 3ttl
(St. 38p) and C7. 5 (St. 5) (with a Si content. of up to 0.28%) with a mixture of
lime, fluorspar and 454 ferrosilicon. Steel was smelted in basic open-hearth
Card 1/3

s/i48/6o/boq/oo8/boI/oi8
A161/AO29
Boosting the Open-Hearth Processby DesulfurizIng Steel in the Tadle With Mixbzw
furnaces with magnesite-chromite vault, working by the scrap-process and fired
with mazout (the mazoutcon@ained_0.53% 8). The mixture for desulfuration in tke
ladle was prepared for killed steel using 70 - 80% freshly calcined - lime4l@ 15
20% fluorepar and 5 - 10% of 454 forrosilicon. An analogous .mix but without
ferrosilicon was used for riming steel. The mix was prepared at the day of uEe;
the components were ground into powder; 50% was added inl@o the ladle before
%leeming and the rest into the metal jet flowing into the ladle during the first
half of the ladle filling. The content of oxygen, hydrogon, nitrogen and non-
metaliic inclusions was determin4d by vacuum heating (Ref. 5), by the silica
method, separation (Ref.,6) and electrolysis. The following conclusions were
drawn* 1),Treatment in the ladle with a mix of 70 8o% lime, 15 - 20% fluor-
spar and 5 -*10%.ferrosilicon, in-a quantity of 0.75 - 1.0% of the metal weight,
reduces the S content by 23 - 30% at a 0.16 - o.28% si content in ready steel.
2) No effective desulfuration can be obtained ir, rimming i3teel with Mn 0.30
0,60% by treatment in the ladle. 3) The metal quality after treatment in the
ladle remains on the,level of the usual heat. 4) Desulfuration in the la6le
cuts the heat time in case of high S content in metal at the moment@of melting.
There are 3 figures, 3 tables and 6 references: 4 Soviet, 1 German and I Englislu
Card12/3

Vool
-VoWbos

S11331601000101110181023
A054/029
AUTHORS$ Verbollskayal Ye.D.t Zasetskiyt Go F., Isalcov, I.V., Engineexe,
KhlebnJ.kovp A.Te,j Dootor of Teohnioal Sciences
in'the Treatment of Molten Steel With Rare-Ea
TITLEi rth
Metals
PERIODICALt Stall, .19601l.-Lo 11, PP-1430-1033
TEXTs In order to.obtain more information on the possibilities of
improving the plastic properties of chrome-niokel-molybdenum alloys by the
addition of rare-earth metals, tests were carried out (with the cooperation
of Z.B. Vagonov and V.I. Bel7ayev) by treating these alloys with a mixed
metal containing 40-50%4 ceriumt 15-20% lanthanump 10-20% other rare'-earth
metals and 5-10 iron. The test steel was melted in an induction vacaum . ftir-
nace with a magnesite crucible of 150 kg.capaoity, the charge consisted oC
armco steel and synthetic iron, the melting temperature was 1,550-1,5800c; the
alloying elements were added without affecting the vacuum after a certain
interval for the'degasification of the metal. Pouring took place in an axgon
atmosphere at@a pressure of 600-700 mm HgP the test ingots were 140 x 140 um
and weighed about 70 kg. Investigations to determine the influence of tho
rare-earth metal additives on the sulfur content and on the quantity of non-
Card 1/3

3/1331601000101110181023
A054/AO29
Experience in the,Treatment of Molten Steel With Rare-Earth Metals
metallic inclusions revealed that under the effect of rare earth elements the
non-metallic phase still forms in the liquid steel before the precrystalliza-
tion period. The composite inclusions whieb, are formed during this perlad
coagulate easily and float on the surface of the casting. During this 11oat-
Ing period these inclusions can be @oaptured in the crust zone of the casting
by the growing crystals. The total amount of sulfur in these agglomerations
o, while the liquid steel before treatment with mixed tastal
is about 0.18-0,1V
contaia's,_, about 0.024-0-03cr/o S and the finished metal about .0.003-0.-010% S.
The sulfur residue in the metal decreasea in proportion with the increase In
the qpantity of the mixed metal addedt and the longer the metal is kept liquidt
the larger is the amount of sulfur inclusions which can be removed-from.the
casting. The quantity of oxide-inclusions also decreases in the rare-eaxth
metal alloyed steels, irrespective of the melting pethod; only the amount of
alumAnates increases to some -extent., The @tests carried out to determine the
mechanical properties of the new type steel showc-d that rare-earth metal' alloy-
ed steels of the same composition but cast in open and in vacuum furnaces had
practically the same values as regards strength and tenacity, in cast and in
Card 2/3

B11331601000101110181023
A054/AO29
Experience in the Treatment .3f Molten Steel With Rare-Earth Metals
rolled condition as well; tho ateel melted in a conventional furnace has a
ten&oity 1.5-2.0 times higher than the same type of steel deoxidi .zed by 0.07%
Al; when melted in a vacuum furnace, the increase in tenacity is 2-2.5 tines
greater compared with the Al-.treated steels; the steel with a C-contant oi'
0.40% shows the same plastic properties in melted and in rolled condition as
the chrome-aickel-molybdenum steels containing 0.30C and produced in open-
hearth furnaces according to the direct reduction process. In the rolled
steels containing 0-40% 0'ankalloyed with rare-earth metals no anisotropy- in
the mechanical properties can be observed at tempering, both as regards the
sorbite and the martensite structure. The laboratory tests were confirmed by
industrial scale tests in the UZTM. The samples taken from various (upper and
lower) parts of the sheets rolled from the tests.ingots (with a C content of
0.41% containing chrome-nickel-molybdenum deixidized in the ladle by 350 g/t
Al and containing 2 kg/t mixed metal) displayed remarkable chemical homogen-
eity. Practically no segregation of carb Ion, sulfur and phosphorus could be
observed. From the tests it ia assumed that rare-earth metal alloyed ch.@ome_
nickel-molybdenum steels can bo used in maohinery constructions for replacing
rolled or hammered machinery parts. There are 2 figures, 6 tables and 3 Sorlet
Card 3/3 references*

Ile

Physicochemlcal Bases of (Cont.) SOV/5411
PURPOSE: This collection of arff cles is Intended for engineers and
technicians of metallurgical and machine-building plants, senior
students of schools of higher education,: stiff membire of design
bureaus and planning institutes, and scientific research workers.
COVERAGE: The collection contains reports presented at the fifth
annual convention devoted to the review of the physicochemical bases
of the steelmaking process. 7%ese reports deal with problems of the
mechanism and kinetics of reactions taking place in the molten metal
in steelmaking furnaces. The following are also discussed: problems
involved in the production of alloyed steel, the structure of the ingot,
the mechmdam of solidification, and the converter steelmaking
process. The articles contain conclusions drawn from the results
of experimental studies, and are accompanied by references of which
most -are Soviet.

Card, 2118.

PhyBitochemical Bases of (Coni.) SOV/5411
Ladyzhenskiy, B. N. , and M. V. Karakula. Maldng Low-Carbon
Alloyed Steels in-Acid Open-Hearth Furnaces 27
Stroganov, A.I., @ndkN. Morozov. Behavior of Chromium in
the Bath of a Basic Open-Hearth Furnace 39
Petukhov, B.G. Making ChrotnLutw-Nickel Steels in Large Open-
lreOth Furnaces With the Use of Nickel Oxide 46

Omarov, A. K. , and A. Ye. Xhlebnikov. Intensifying the Wor)L!ng
_
-
_
_
_
�-crap7V_rocess
e
rt
Period of the Open:ff
a
h
54
The 1 oUo*ing persons pakticipated-in the research work-
Engineer Munanypova, Engineer T. Kovaleva. and Technicians
U. Rakhmanulov, VS. Ponomare", L. Ruenyak, Z. Zaporozhan,
A. Porkova, S. Bilyalova, and V. Guseva-3

Card 4/16 A

Physicocitemical Bases of (Cont.) SOV/5411
Panov, A. S., and P. N. Perchatkin. Comparison of the Desul.
furizing Capacity of Oxides During the Melting Period In Pro-
ceasing Low-1danganese Fig Irons 66
Shneyerov, Ya.A., A.G. Kotin, andA.G..Derfell. Accelerating
the Open-Hearth Process in the Prep-a-rlfro-n of-the Charge (Pig
Iron and Loose Materials) 70
Shneyerov. Ya.A., A. L Sukgchev, and A.G. Kotin. Accelerating t
the Slag Formation and Melting Processes by Blowing Oxygen Into
the Bath During the Meltdown Period 81 1'A
Kazachkov, Yi. A. Kinetics of the Oxidation of Low-Concontrated
Carbon in the Ppen-Hearth '.@ath
88
4orin, 0. D., and A. Ye., Khlebnikov. Us Kinstfo Decarburization
Card 5/16

Phystcochemical rBases of (Cont. SOV/6411

Regime and the Gas Content in Metal

Povolotskiy, D. Ya. ,1. A.. Lubenets, M. I. Kolosov, D. Ya. Vayn-
shteyn, and A. N. Morozov. Desiliconizing With Orygen for Pig
Iron Q)en-H`e5rW-FUrffATe-s
BhaHmov, A. G., and A. K. Pdtrov. Investigating the Effective-
ness of Treating the Molten Electric Steel by Synthetic Lime-

106,
Alumina Sing
[The investigatlon was conducted under the guidance of B.G.
Voinov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, with the participa-
tion of staff members of TaNUChM.(Central Scientific Re-
search Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy). A. 1. Ostpov, Candi-
date of Technical Sciences, Ya. M. Bokshitekly, Engineer,
A. G. Bhalimov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, L. F. Kosoyj
Engineer, A. L@ Polyakov,. and staff members of the Zlatoustovskiy
metallurgicheskiy zavod
Card $118

_7

Physicochernical Bases of (Cont.) SOV/5411
Dynamics of Processes In the Converter Molten Metal 227
Levenets, N. P., V. M. Pobegaylo, A. M. Samarin, and A. Ye.
Khlebnikov. Laboratory Experiments In Blowing Naturally
AlFo'yedfig irons 237
[Correct title in the text: Oxidation of Chromium and Phos-
phorus in Oxygen Top-Blowing of Metal]
Sobakin, M. P. , and Ya. D. , Verbitskiy, Study by Modeling of the
Molten-Metal Hydrodynamics in a Converter During Decarburiza-
ti6n 245
[Senior Engineer V. N.. Shashkov and roreman M. Ye. Novikov
participated in the research worlcj
Kvitko, M. P. Processing of Pig Iron With a High Manganese
Content (416-816) in a Converter With the Use of the Oxygen (Blast] 256
Card 10/16

KHLEBNIKOV. A.Ye.

r 1-1-7@1`15@v-,@@-_Iq_- I-,,-

ZAVERSHMMY, -:,U.V., kand. tekhn. nauk; KHLEBNIKOV. A,Ys., prof.,
doktor tekhn. nauk
Formation of srab on steel ingots and ways to prevent it.
Stall 25 no.2sl22-125 F 165. (M-IRA 180'1

m
L 4543546 EW( )/FWP(1W)/T/EWP(t)/ET1 _@:Ejp(c)
ACC N& Ap6ol9765 (A) SOURCE CODE: UR/037o/66/000/003/6003/C018
AUTHOR: Kravchonko, V. IF Isakov 1. V.; Khlebnikov, A. [e-mail] Dashevskiy, Yu.- A.0",_4W
M //7
L4ebedev, YA. I Selivanov, No M AN
ORG: none
TITLE: Improving the quality of open hearth steel by treating it with rare earth
metal alloys
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Izvestiya. Metally, no. 3, 1966, 3-18
TOPIC TAGS: rare earth metal, metallurgic process, metal physics, metal property,
4@, -m-z 10K I I AIM& 0@tkak
AN@S@@rCT'lu T6re is ve
iit4a 4bl shad information concerning the effect of r
ry
earth@metals (REM) an the ro erties f steel, and on the optimum conditions for the
use of such metals. This paper investigates the effects of REM on specific properties
of steel, notes procedures for alloying stool, and indicates optimum REM content to
achieve desired combinations of mechanical properties. Chemical thermodynamic data
and composition of REM alloys are presented in order to provide a better understanding
of the principles involved in alloying steel with REM. Experimental melts wero pro-
duced in a 150 ton induction furnace as well as in 25 and 200 ton basic open hearth
furnaces. Mishmetal, a rare earth alloy containing 56.1% Ce and 41.3% La (other REM,
iron, and impurities totaled 2.6%), was used as the deoxidizing agent. Studien were
made of both cast and wrought metal states and tables of mechanical properties are in-
Card /2 uDc: 669.141.243.4

L 45435-66
NR,Ap6o19765
eluded. The impact strength of steel 4OKh2NMcL.melted in a 25 ton furnace and top-
poured at 1580*C, is given. Results 'J_ _thw_e_;@Periments showed that in all cases the
addition of REM increased steel ductility* This increase was greatest when the mish,
metal was able to reduce sulfur content in the solidified ingot. Desulfurization wap--
best accomplished when it was initiated in the ladle prior to pouring into the., snoldo
Optimum conditions were concluded to be ladle deoxidation and desulfurization by add7'
ing 0-15-0-20%) mishmetal (calculated).to the molten steel (1560-15800c) immediately @
after tapping from the furnaco. The mishmetal reaction begins and most of the sulfur*
is removed by the timethe steel is poured and,solidified. The procedure lowers the
sulfur content 25 to 30%., The mishmetal significantly reduces nonmetallic inclusion
content, as well as changing.the shape, composition, and distribution of that content.
Finally, the REM alloy increases impact strength of the rolled steel 27 to 4'1%
(transverse test samples) and of cast ateel by 47 to 65%, with a simultaneoun increase
in ductility. Orig. art..has: 12 titbles and 6 figures.
SUB CODE: I SUBM UTEf 25 May, 64 ORIG REF: 026 OM REF: 001@
C-2
Card 2/2

@T
rE-f ft-A
F'PR/ " I _41 F-rA
0 1 r3 180 1
Ki Lmt-Y i d
rfl(c and
acid
vy'.9f*0molekolyara-v@Ze noyedineniya, v. 6, no. 10, 1964, 1799-1801
v,"iy',@ydriquinone dLben7e)-ate, acr-!:.';- Cl"' lc acid
opr tvm-erizp ti)r) p'- I vac rvl
C
s,-,:-utYrodinltrile
ABSIM-C lh@-- -wp4 -e Ubenzoatz (VILD) wie i
yuk@.4tiou uf vivlhydroquinov
U.
'Tr 'AO 48' ed '(Mt ill geNTIE& CiMLICWS IM AG,
le- was -caTTI
and meth.-cry b@
w-, i0it of the P-,eno-
wri L: i
e, and preUPICAtEd QuL
PQtroLeml, ether or acetic acid. The materiai @,kis e a ,--Lcui-n at 6 -Y,, a rid
of the eiqerlment lware artalyzed for mc-nevaver &ciciviL-f by the ia:egral
meuxivu of Miayo and Lewis-, The-valuee of rl and r7, for t1te AC-VM pair wer-2 lound
L @@. '-,@ 44
JA 0.13 and 0.95 0,,002, respectively. For t',c MAC-iffi) pairl tacy
@ Em

390@55@
L 3
Acaps3lop HR- A"?W5
1.91 0#'23 and 9*91 + G4250 respectively4 'M-- nplecific ectivity
-]m L acop
Oru) with KkC C was 1.80 arid C was 0. Ob f Lh C- r. e ds
I_'hvIL the
st'.renf-' OT-jw..
A.@ C IA TI M Leningrwlakiy tiLkhnologichoski.-y instiL@It in, Lensoveta (Lenirgrad
te logical institute)
SMUTTED: OZDec63 mm'. 0.0 SUB CODI;; WG
110 ku SOV: 001 OTM; 007
@7 7:
YO

K SOV/124-58-11-12993
Translation from: Referatlivnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 11, p 16.1 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Sheremetlyev, M.P., Khlebnikov, D. G.
TITLE: Elastic Equilibr lurnbTla-Tralf plane Supported Along the Edge
(Uprugoye ravnovestye poluploskosti s -podkreplennyrn krayem)
PERIODICAL: Dopovidi ta povidomlennya. L1vivs1k. un-t, 1957, Nr 7. part 3,
pp 286-292
ABSTRACT: The authors examine the problem of the elastic equilibrium of an
isotropic halfplane y < 0, the boundary of which is soldered to an.
infinitely long, thin, elastic rod of constant stiffness; the halfplane
is subjected to the action of distributed transverse and longitudinal
,loads, as well as bending moments of magnitudes q(x), n(x), and
m(x). One of the principal axes of inertia of every transverse
cross silEtidii'of the rod lies in the plane under consideration. Let
f(x) and g(x) be the normal and the tangential stresses on the contour
of the soldered joint. It is demonstrated that f(x) and g(x) satisfy
the following system of integral-differential equations
Card 1/2

SOV/124-58-11-12993
Elastic Equilibrium of a Halfplane Supported Along the Edge
,[Elastic Equilibri
G "'cLf'(x') g(x) + G R f9 I(t)d n(x)
ITr -00 t - X
+00 fill Mdt
G 2- f I + f W FZ a g(xj q(x)
Tr t-x dx:
-00
where a and are certain elastic conIstants of the halfplane, and GIand G? Are
the stiffnesses of the rod with respect to tension and flexure. By expressing-
q(x), n(x), and m(x) in the form of Fourier integrals, the authors obtain impl,cit
formulae for the solution of this system. . The Fourier integrals representing the
solution are convergent only if q(x), n(x), and m(x) are absolutely integratable and
if, in addition, n(x) and m(x) possess an integratable derivative that is finite
everywhere.
N. A. Rostovtsev
Card 2/2

STEPANTSOVO Vey kand, @bioiog. nauk; MUBNIKOV, Go kand, mod. nauk
Overtenoion and means for increasing the resistance of the
organism. Aye i kosm. 45 nio.1144-48 Jlk 163.
(MIRA 16--l)
Uvia tiol medicine)

S
54L
02
SOURCE CODE.
0027/003
/000/OU/
Le edev. V
tMebalkov G Kolosov
AVMOR: Kas yen Fte @eyv Ij
tie
ORG.:,@_ no
j
j
lane In ivi
Re6Ul to
_@ihti Boo. research
On an. rp-
SOURCE:: Aviatsija. ko6ionavtJka,,: ,no., 11 .1965,, 27.;-32
-ht
human
!ssness
-phypiologys ve ghtlq _parabolj-Cj1,1'qL_
TOPIC TAGS: ogy p1pape
d, L L , - aining' reraft, equipped with a we
ABSTRAM.
oszonalat tk fIL iotd -in al ightleis@es
J_ 'al f.,the trainees during-varidus stage.3_6f
are -(Iescribedi Som4-phy6io Log. c- Parameterse_Lo
LL. the flight are@ discussed. One@ser cts of@ ests.:performed on
d that
a dynamometer
Cul4r
t of imiii 4us
@comp;ired t6horizontal flights-'during veightlessne s.the amoun max
for L
beLexerted is.'re c d lt_w@12 kgI
oree which can L Au e b@I 6-12 the right hand, and*
anaL de
Ahe left h ere se _jn,@muscular force- is probably connected,with theide
creased tonus@:of the skeletal niuscles,andIfunctional changes in the cent raLi @nervous.
system during weightlessness. 7be f7oordinograph, a device for measuringLchanges.in'-
Me coordination-movements, ro!corfled the.total work.time for each test, the.@number of
errors, and the time**f one iadiemento , Although no disrul)tiipn in coordinatioll.Adas: ob-.
j1hen these tests mere :C caducte.d during, parabolic, rlight,, most cosman.auts.showed
a ome lag in 'the. speed of exectition@ of motor acts. Orig. art. has:L. 2 figures.
_@o
& -- - :7
_LSU _-C --SUBM--:DATE- --no 'e/
'd@ODB.
CTB n
Card
7T7

z:n
ACCESSION xkf@ &
Y
Aid", @iv-R SPankratov, S. A
(,Qncerrilae, some Charactertstic3 OC me;-haniral rupture of
rccks under the acuion of static, impa_cL, --ycling, loads
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Dokladyir,-'v@@'--157-, no* 4, 1964, 816-819
AN -OPIC" TAGS: mechanical rock orushing, static load, cyclic Ir-
impact. loact, qtt&r!,zJLte,, -inte granular strengtii, c:rystal stren, 'h
ABSTRA.%'JT;--,In..order-to-.investi.gate tne processes instrumentza in
crushing Gf racKs-, weere prepa d with 15
b-
They were subjected to static pressure in a priess, - y a -
-joout 18 cm in diom. (the rupture 5tress -was about 1000 kg),
impact (stresses were not ineaisured i zv'1-jC load,
o:cixec: ir, ' to 5
k& maximium load; at 24 H I the ru 1@ u r l@ J6
-in. f4tiardscopic @exardxtatiow ahoL-d-, thald, tn-a Crd 3 @ 1, rupture
-ere not intergranular, but c@t through crystals more or less rec".i-
neary. In cyclic ruptures, sometimes intergranular cracks were
obson-ed. Tension stresses were also applied to specinens 0.05 aim
Card 1/2

ACCESSION NR'.- AP4043538
T - - - - -= - - - -
thi k. '1 -1, --th--', c @xere t
a ni- -thia- b c n orgran ar.
- ma-- 4- rA
out that in crushing, the compressing load increase,s the strength
'he 7-inular binding, and reduces the strength cf the grains.
iljrig@ a.:-t. has: 3 figures.
ASSOCIATION; None
SUBMITTED: 07Mar64 ENCL: 00
YU B '", 0 D 1, : VA , M T NR REF SOV: 000 OTHER: OW

S
ID2/000/625
/8
/04
D40
______Th _--ifive-s- da 6in* buAddtdi-
ti' t :on: bad:- tIm following
to stud -6f @iro@ td'& - -' `- -- ";`i
ac --on --th4 ..... ..
y @the, effiadt 161t trr.:mvarse colorations
principal: ph@siological XthicUoLi to d termine
0, of- the'organiaw e
L37

I-ACC NR, AT6036480' Swkcs
Cous' Uji/000d/6@/60d/00b/&bZ/
I AUTHOR: Arz-hanov, 1*, M.; Daregqvkin, A. V. I Dr anov,
y re r.t Duyanov,
zalosu@Tyi S. N., Kamaj@lshchikovj YU4 V*;. Kovalavi V. V. I ka9ovs.kiyjA@_3q
ru-zn@tso -Litsovp V Hikitinp.At Yq Nistratovt hikoya Ye o Aej
j;-V.; Poruc-.-
Ter@ Fedo vo..Ye* Aqj@hqbnl@ayt@@-,
Pot@@ fe t yevp V G' 1@9.
ORG: not
TITIES Results of clinical andphysiological investigations of the crew of the
Sirst %1@iman Voakh acecraft L per gosented the Conference on Problems of
d cine hold Vn '9 op NP4 691
pace 0 to 7 May 19
SOURCE!: K6nferentsiya'@.o problemam kosmichookoy meditsinrv 1966* Froblemy
kosmicheskoy meditsinyo (Problems of space Medicine materialy konferentaii,
Moscow, 1966, 34-36
TOPIG TAGSt space, medicine"p' epic@ physiolop, weightlessness, bodily fatigue#
stress reactionp combined 5treasp cardiovascular-eystemg central nervous system#
m
-d space
anrr flight/Voskhod-I
ABSTRACT: The inclusidn of a physician in tho crew of the Voskhod-1 made Xt pos6,
sible to liferease niedicial fnvesifgati6n@ of Ashe crew me6lii-r-s duri
flight and to compare them with results of preflight and postflight exami-
:nations. The scope of the phisiologicil examinations was selected In
order to obtain a moie complete evaluation of the functional condition of
'the cardiovascular and central nervous s stems, and the fun ion of
Ct
&@dlk--
77.

1.77-
L 08-269-67
- - -do
AO@ NR, Afo'03T4
external respiration of, tIhe coom@onauts, Physical exercises and '. ortho-
static tests were Included to detect earlier - signs of physiological shifts.
Examinations were carried out before and after training in the ship,
-where certain conditions of flight were simulated, and also two weeks
-befo@e flilent. Po stflight examination was begun fifteen minutes after
-landing and was continued for the* first four days Vcer the flight and also
i 'two weeks later.
After landing, the cosmonauts were active, looked-,pomewhat excited,
and complained of general fatigue. They were found to have hyperemia
of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and co*nctivitis.
Komarovl a weight dropped by 2. Gle, Feokkistovl a weight dropped by
.4%, and YegoroO s by 3. 9%. Weight loss was determined by Zhdmiov to
be -due to water and fat loss. Neurological examination revealed a light
swaying in the Ro!nberg position, a tremor of the fingers, and increased
perspirition. In additioni. Yegorov showed a contraction of the retoal
arteries. Disruption & vision mid ve'stibular, difficulties were- not noted.
Changes in BEG indicated an-increase'in. inhibitory processes in the
pqrtex of the brain. A dim'in'ution invork capacity was established by
. I.. I...... . . ... ... - 1..-.- 11 1 . .. . . If.
J Card 2L4

o
ACC NRP'; xr60340d"__
psychological experiments (increase In the number of mistake.9, increase
in latent.periods).
Indices of cardiovascular activity during rest did not exceed wide
norms. However, an increase in pulse frequency was noted (Komarov
up to 06, Feokt1stov up to 100, andY6gorov up to 94 beats/min), ae
well-as moderate drop in arterial-pulse pressure at the expense of an
Increase In diastolic pressure. All three cosmonauts, when subjected
to exercise, showed a significaM increase ih the pulse rate and inertia I
in the stroke volume. Feoktistov and-'Yegorov showed a significant.
diminution' in the heart stroke volume and minute circulation of the blood
during the Passive orthostatictest. This could indicAe a discuption of
the Venous inflow to the heart.
Postflight blood examinations indicated neutrophilic leukocytosis
hnd ebeinopenia. Urine was found to contain significant quantities of
salts, chiefl@ urates,.*sinile`srythi_6c'ytes (in the field of vision), --aind'an-_--
'increase in the excietion of 17-@ox corticosteroids., Eosinopehia, an
y
increase in excretion of products-6f hormone decomposition, indicated
the development . oIf astress reaction in cosmonauts* -Since some of thd
indications found on the fligh@.:@Yere. also. found.' afte.r1r.aining !"b.trAina.1
t6@d A

-67
L 08269
ing ship,- there is. reason to attribute them to limitation of motor a@i
under conditions of weightlessness. Ihe functional shifts f6und after
flight are indicitions of a general fatigue... a moderate stress reaction,, 7@
and z a certain amouni of detiaining'. In general, the cha@ges observed in
'the cosmonauts were of o e differOncis foun
.-..ne type. Th.. .bet.ween. th
cosmonauts can be attributed t.o.individual differences#' [W,,A. No$ 221
ATD Report 66-U63
S5'CCDEt 06# 22 SUBM DATS i OOHay(A
V.
0@-
A %
CO 14/4 -/a._

ACC NR, SOURC& CODE$ UR/0000/66/000/000/0355/0356,
AUTHOR: Sur1noY..,-Yu".-;_ Mlabnflfay@l
none
TITIZ: Principles of the physical _g0jn1n& of cosmonauts ZPaper presented at,. tho,
Conference an Problems of Space Madicine held in 1-bscow from 24-27 Yay 1966-7
SOURCE: Nonferontaiya po problomam koomichaskoy maditsiny, 1966, Problt Ay
kosnicheslcoy modirsinyo of.spaca medicine); materialy konferentall,
Noscow, 1966, 355-356
T0IIIC TAGS: cosmonaut training, cosmonaut selection, physical exercise, space..
physiology, space psychology
ABSTI%CT:
The Physical training of cosmonauts is accomplished in two ways:
1) general physical training program to develop qualities of strength,
speed, skill, endurance, and improved coordination of movements, etc;
2),special (mission.oriented) physical training to increase the resistance
of the' organism to accelerations and vestibular analyzer irritation, etc.

L o8845-67
ACC NR, AT6036667
The forms of cosmonaut physical training are: 1) morning physical
drills; 2) educational -training (planning) courses; 3) group-sport
activity; 4) physical -training* courses during duty periods; 5) physical-
'training courses during regularbreaks; 6) physical exercises during
spaceflight. Mornirg physical exercises are conducted daily for 20-40
min. Educational-tralning courses are the basic form of physical
training and are conducted three-to five times per week, The duration
of each cour se is two hr. - Group sport activity involves an elected sport,
and participation in sports competitions. A physical -training course
during duty periods is ccndtctbd lomaintain the level of training. During
regular breaks, physical training is conducted as a means of recreation.
Physical exercises during spaceflight are a means of maintaining a high'
,work capacity level.
The entire program of physical training is divided into three stages:
1) elementary instruction to Increase the level of general physical condi-
tion and to build the foundations of specialized training programs; 2) main-
taining a level of general preparedness and in.!:reasing specialized condi-
tioning; 3) direct nreoaration for soaceflightto attain. a high level of
C-,d 2/3
..@L 03845-67
ACC NR ATG036667------
gencral physical preparedness and conditioning.
A
Rating the level of specialized physical preparedness and condition-
ing is conducted by means of sports and technical indices of Strength,
.1durancc, speed, and the ability to conduct complex coordinated
,,'exercises on special training devices. The existing system of physical
e fligh@s of VR-tq
training for. ?osmonauts has been successful for spac..
i1five davs, CW. A. A). 22; 'AT[) Roport; 66-116]
SUB COI)Et 06,22 / SUBM DATEt OOMay66
WT - -IQ
UACC Nvkt7@WeSOUSR7

A N% 6
rA
The methodologi
C,k - , 0 0
cal a0proiCh.coni d f a:M difted:Barazii rotational--
ations-for 10- sec) durin horizont
;test (10 rot. 9 al flight in a iet- aircraft and
during conditions of weightlessness (25.6 e-41 During the firs
t stage, the
t rotational test was conducted durinil the Ave 90C after the beginning of sta-
;bilizedweiglitiessnesso' in the second stage,, the same people@ were rotated'-,;,,.1
@A
at the beginning of the transition 0-riod from 2, G to 0 G for 5 ec and then,:."
-A@ i
-N
;i@ -for an additional 5 sec durin -'th
9 0 beginning of.weightlesoness...
Examinations were conducUd on male subjects aged 23-4,
'S with high
!vestlbular tesistance to motion sickness under terrestrial concUtions and.:".''.ZY
high tolerance of weightlessness during flights.
Three basic components of. e,
-th otibul
ar analyzer were istudied:
1. somatic (duration -d-p-61't-n-y it-ligm-us)
2. autonomic P4@spirationo, skin -color)
sensory
3. (151 ) ounter.;-Otation).
4 JOCUVO.Alluolons.illusions of c
It was revealed that 18. 2
of the subjects had latent formi. oT motion.
si
ckness during rotational tests under conditions of stabilized weighti6iu--
'ness,. In this group, the' duration' of 'Counterrotational illusion 'was prolong do:!
.,-aq.wao Postrotational) n mudif 04c.compared to-horiz-ontal fli
gy
Card 2/4.
-.7 J.:
ACC N'Zz AT6036587
paleness or redness of facial skin was apparent, and rnoderate hyper-
hydrosis was.noted as were illusions of change d..b.ody. position with.the eyes
.,closed. Increased salivation and worsened subjective feelings were also
noted.
Vestibulo-autonomic discomfort was not observed in the remainder of
i subjects. The duration of counterrotational illusion and postrotational
nystagmus was shortened by 4-6 sec, in the majority of subjocts,while in
others. these indices were not shortened.
At the beginning of rotation'in the period of transition from positive G
o of angular accelera-
Lo weiglatlessness during the second stage, toleranc
Lions during stabilized weightlessness revealed 22. 2% more cases of latent
1 0
-notion sickness. In these subjects, the duration of counterrotational illu-
Sions increased as compared to their duration during stabilized weightless-
al
ness; pronounced -paleness of facial skin, lip cyanosis, pronounced, goner
hypcrh@drosis, nausea, hype r salivation, and discomfort in the area of the
stomach were observed. The termination of nystagmus could not be fixed
rela.tive to the onset of accelerations following weightlessness.
In th@ o inion of the authors, symptoms of motion siclmess during ro-.......
P
i Card 3A

L 10970-57
NR:' 6036587
L
Xational tests under conditions of stabilized weightlessness were found for
'the following reasons. ftrst, under conditions of weightlessness the function
of the otolithic component oi the vestibular apparatus was modified due to
;the unusual position of the otoliths (floating state) which led to increased
sensitivity to angular accelerations during rotation of the chair; second,
t
manifesta'tions of Coriolis accelerations as a result of Barani chair rotation
during parabolic flight.
In those cases when the rotational test was completed in the period of
transition from acceleration to weightlessness, additional adequate irrita-
tion of the otoliths associated with a sharp switch from a "plus" stimulus
to a "Miwis" tools place, facilitating the Tnora rapid accumulation of Coriolis
accelerations.
Thereforo, the use of a modified rotational test under short-term weight-
lessness conditions reveals latent forms of motion sickness even in people
with high resistance and can be used for prognostic purposes.
Use of the rotational test in the period of transition from acceleration
ito weightlessne ss reveals latent forms of motion sickness most effectively.
['Or".A. N16. 22; ATO Re@or:t-664161
.52 06 SUBM, DA'71- COMa,766

CDA W-01 (4.
Wa AIM/
/Al%@() 4 6 0
ACCESSIOU NRI S/0245/64/000/005/0 03/0016-
- - _,27r,
;AUTHOR: ri (I*-_ -0
Khlebnikoi,
JLOsdev, V. 1. (Koac@V)
;TITLE. Ilya xotloft!@v_ valition&l proces,ses, in,
etu
SOURM. vo'piiosy@, Ps 5.1 1!90,4 9 3-10
'TGP@IC TAOS-. -doftdtautli- i
A r -hute:Jump, simulai6d'sps,
ra; 11 Agi, -a 40
M fifi--i-, -, re
flight, a otidwo-dil 4as - x, -fear, sympathetic tonus, parazymal.
'pathetic toaus, phy'siologiael psychological stress
ABSTRACT: Oberyatidas of *osmonauts during jump training included
@pulae rate-and dyna.mometry of havA grips, which ehad light on modi-
fications to the initial emotionalt-stress reactions which oadurred as.!
training progressed.; In We first days of jumpiag, the pulse rate on'
enplaning and just btafore i,,he jump increased to as much is 120 to 140
beats/min. Simultdneou:1y, other sigra of an astnenic fear reaction
pasaive-defensive rftfl x) were observed. Grip stren&th (rroin a hand,
dynamometer) Ancremsed significantly in almost till a&ses in the first",-_
days of J=pinS. The regititered increase in thase indices just beforc
j 2

I
Mom!
:A f
pww 61M?
- U-13Q
XM
6t;
lj@
10
j-V,
I
gr
R NA
tP
4 r- -
-1 'Me
VM --j"

.'ALX-Nlt---AP6007.746 @ ' @ "
--- -
[T-]l
A
I I
I'
It

AP6007746
(including laboratoryl:.tests)-wore' cdhducted by_@ the- same people who-W
preflight checks. Clinical iq,%44figatlon begun. six hours-.afterJanding showed-@&-@-@
moderate decrease-An n e o
worki gcapacity,, revealed in an, Increase in the numh'i' f
errors and a, lengthening, of latent: periods -during perf orm3nce of psychological testl.:..
Encephalograms showed intensification of retardation processes in the cerebral-,-:
cortex. Slight variations in digestive enzyme activity were also observed in the
cosmonauts after the flight: the activity,of amylasej enterokinase alkaline.
phosphatasei andtrypsinIncreased. The following shiftswere noted in cosmonauts
immediately after the I light. -,slight instability in the @Romberg position.. tremor
fingers increased-tendency-to perspire, moderate decrease in muscle.toneo -,qqi;kenLit
of the pulse, and decrease:iwblGodpressu're due.to increased diastolic
pressurei...
Body weight decreased- 2.6%, for Xoamrov, 4%,forleaktistov and 3.9Z for Yegorov.* 14
@tab llc'-p_rocesses@were noted: Increased ene coh -
addition, mode,rate'shitte, in' 'me, -6
.sumption while teiting',,in6reaett',In,b.10-6d urea.and,chblesterol, And increased ellal Ad-
tion of nitrogenous, components: from urine,'@. Some"decrease in the
-phagor-Y
of leukocytes was d ': d
also.-observe , @The changes noted were attributed to-fatt
gue -,an
stress. They were of ii.strictlY.functional nature andusually disappeared within-..-:.',:
several days after the.flijbt. Individual characteristics and differences-4n pre-
flight preparation wer*L'a vef lected in@the varying character of these physiological.
shifts.
SUB CODE, .061 @SUBRDATZ:: 2gjul65/. ATD PiESS:,
A 'Card
2/2

IT/kDfGW
22
SOURCH CODRI
AUTHORs AkulinLehevo 1. Tol Antoshchenko, A. 9 1 Zuschko Ast
TvanoV. A. Ye.1, Lebedev, V. 1.1 Maksimov. D. G@q; ael
labnik
ORGt none
TITLEt Some results of monit4rin the medical condition of P. It
Balyayev and,A. A. Leonov during tl4tning- and during orbital flight
SOURCEt KosmLcheskiya LssledovanLya, v. 4,,no. 2, 1966, 311-319
TOPIC TAGSt manned sp aceflight, cosmonaut training# pressure chamber$
human physiology, EVA Voskhod-2
ABSTRACT: Training data for Leonov and Belyayev were compared with-
data from the Voskhod-2%4lixht. The cosmonauts were trained for
rarefied atmosphere condition 'e by sequential exposure to pressure
chamber altitudes of 5,,,10, and,32-37 km. At an altitude of 5 km,
neither cosmonaut riqu red high altitude equipment or supplementary
oxygen* At an altLtudl of 10 kia, they breathed pure oxygen. In a
rarefied atmosphere of-32-37 ka, the cosmonauts wore suits analogous
to those used, an the Vo'khod-2 flight. Flight systda sensors and a
stationary sloctrophyaL logical recorder were used... Pulse rate,
Card I / 8
UM 629.198.61

L 22873-66:
_WC_CrA-s -AP6-6 2836
0

Fig* 1. Position of physiological
sensors on th" cosmonaute

I - IndivLdual:,sistem of electrode
At - &tkd sensor. p6aL,tionLng; 2 - ohmic
respiration sensor-, 3 - contact
respiration soniorl 4, 5 EKG
electrodes; 6 -ground; 7 EOG
electrodes; S.- body temperature
sensor (submuscui&r atea*,.Leo*ov
only)1.9 - SCG sa@nsorj 10, 11
dgtachablo torainilat 12 lacing.

Card 2/8

L 22872-M
Table 1, Channas in some physiotogical indexes of,
BQIYAYOV a d Leono4 during space -suit tests at 36km
Bsix8ye Leonov
Index
Befor 36 km fter Before 36 km After
Pulse rate# -12 9-18 12-L-26 16 12-18 12
min.
rate, 67 W-67 62 63 .67-0 151
1pin.
1. -Q, #Set 020 0: M16-0:20 0 is 0,12 0 12-0 14 0,12
Ons. *Gee 0:10 0 _0 10 0:10 0.08 0:0-4:06 .006
VIM, see* 0.40 0,40 0,40 0.32 0,32-036 0:36
Systolir. 42 40 42 40 33 33-4 36
Index# Z . I
P. QX 1 06-08 Weak
DO 9 11 8 22. 1;::B is
0.5 ;Weak .0-51 ..6.3 4 2
Jr@ 'XX 5 3-4 3 6 +-6.5 3,6
Card 3

L 22673-66
ACe NR, AP6012836
EVA
Fi 2 Changes in the
puf;e ;nd respiration.
rate of Belyayev when
?4 - trainin nd during the
Voskhod@2aflight
4
W %%".,
ft4 Le tering the
u 0 -n
N.J. rneo
1A AJ % pfoe Ing t eck
0 to /Z I/ 1 4 @O'clbilnl hatch;
....... % III opening the pres-
V _J_ sure1ock hatch; IV -
t 'F& /v
mine @'Leonovls egress or imi-
I " #` I to t ,
Launch I jr F r 1i tated egress from the
0 pressure lock; V, VI
MO
EVA Leonovis simulated or
actual I'EVA; VII-
s return to t
Loonov he
cabin; VIII - closing
the cabin hatch; IX -
%r SP cesuit pressure-nor-
r
A- matization to cabin at-
A U_
knj @'Jl.
,4
trainLnst
I
R 40 AW 2 v'train n t 37 km;,
iDrbLtal..1ight
Lpunch.
Card 4/6-

,\CC NR; AP6012836
-spires@
:FLg. 3. Changes in the
pulse and respiration
-rate of Leanov when
U
0 training and during the
-A -2 flight
Voskhod
1 - Leonoy entering tits
0 oc
Pc[o"91u& t@e cibil
k n hatchl
14@
II opening the preq-
(A 14 alure
4 12 , " 11 ock hatch; IV
t. ,./. ' .1. /1# 1"u r'Wln*. 'Leonov's egreas or imL-
Launch Iw 17 1fr 7 9. 9 tated c .press from the
Egress, pressure lock; V, VI
Leonov's simulated or
actual EVA; VII
E; IM Leonov's return to the
cabin; VIII - closing
the cabin hatchl IX.-
-spacesuLt pressure nor-
fAalLzatLon to cabin at-
Ulf%%, X1
!vtoophereo 1 - training
in a normal atmospher
2 training at 37 kM7
Fo 4# m *v Aw 7x wmin. 3 orbital flight
Launch I U P.ff F1 N
Card 5@8

22873-66
ACC N46 AP6012836

br. m
Fig. 4. Belyayev's EKG's when
rehearsing the flight program
in tha spacecraft mockup (exec-
ciao no* 2, 37 km)

i 12.26 - normal conditionj 12.56
instrument check,- 13.29 - prior
to Leonov a,.' entrance into the
pressure lock; 13.36 - opening

@tch; 14.17 - imi,
the cabin ho
tation of the egresag 14.53
Meonov a ra6rn to the cabial
15.11 - of tai-,'the egress -program
&ad,normsltso@ion of suit

Mr if Pressure

Card 6/8

I@T
hr.,trdn
/Z JS
Fig. 5. Leonov's EKG's when
rehearsing the flight program
in the spacecraft mockup (exor-
cise no, 2# 37 km)
12,34 - normal condition; 12.56
instrumont.checks 13,29 - prior
to entering the pressure locks
13.36 - opening the cabin hatch;
14il7 - imitation of agrees;
14.53' - return to the cabinj
14,57 - closing the cabih hatchl
.14.59*- instrument checks 15oll
1,1NONAMI af,ter returning to the seatand
normalizing suit pressu
r4l
Card 8

-1, - 2287 3-66
@Cc NRt AP6012836
respiration rate, and EKG's were recorded along with visual (TV)
observations. Two-way radio communication was maintained. A space-
craft mockup was used to test two series of exercises. In the first
exercise, the cosmonauts rehearsed the program involving the movement
of Leonov into the pressure lock under normal atmospheric conditions.
The second exercise entailed the same regimen at an altitude of 37 km.
A diagram of the sensors used is shown in Fig. 1'. Results of the test@
.are given in Figs. 2-5 and Table 1. All Voskhod-2 systeM3 and thi
newly designed suit used for Leonov's EVA functioned normally both
during the training program and the'flight Itselfo During training and
the Voskhod-2 flIght# th Tq4surt;4tt9-,% 404 $$fast progron QAMPOO
occeleroktad pulso and re:p1tation tat#* and tuatAienal M vatiatkoho
in both coemonautse These were attributed to emotional stress, and in
Lsonov's case, physical stroine The training program was judged to be
fully applicable to the Vookhod-2 program., Orig.@Ilarto hast I table
and 5 fLguress
SUB CODE$ 05j 06/ SUBH.DATEi OlNov65/ ORIC Rzr@ 006/ ATO PRESSt

VOLYNKIN, Yu.M.j ARUTYUNOV, G.A.; ANTIPOV, V.V.; ALTUKHOV, G.V.;
B&EVSK1Yj R.M.; BEIAY@ V.ye-; WYANOV, P.V.,- BRYA14GV, I.I.;
VASILIYEVO P.V.; VOLOVICHp V.G.; GAGARIN, Yu.A.; GENIN, A.M.;
GORBOV, F.D.; GORSHKOV, A.I.; GUROVSKIY, N.N.; YESHANOV, N.Kh.;
YEGOROV, A.D.; KARPOV, Ye.A.; KOVAIEVp V.V.,- KOLOSOV, %A.;
KORESHKOVj A.A.; KASIYANt I.I.; KOTOVSKAYA) A.H.; YkLIEERDIN,
:G.V.; KOPANL11j V.I.; RUZ114INOVJ A.P.; KARRIN2 LJ ; KUDIIROVA@
R..V.1 LEBEDW, V.I.1 ISBEDEVt A.A.; LOBZINj P.P.; MAKSIMOV0
D.G.; MYASNIKOV, V.I.; MAUSHKIN, Ye.G.; NEUMYVAKIN, I.P.;
ONISHCHENKO, V.F.; POPOV, I.G.; PORUCHIKOV, Ye.P.; SILIVESTROV,
M.M.;SERYAPIN, A.D..; SAKSONOV, P.P.; TOMTIYEV, V.G.; USFAKOV,
A.S.; UDALOV, Yu.F.; FOMIN, V.S.; FOMIN, A.G.;
YUGANOV@ Ye.M.)- YAZOOVSKIY, V.I.; KRICHAGIN, V.I.; AKULINICHEY,
I.T.; SAVINICH@ F.K.- STMMRA, $J.; VOSM.SEN,111Y, O.G.;
GAZENKO, OiG., S14AJM"-:,N, .:, akademik, red.
[Second group space flight and some results of the Soviet
aBtronauts' flights on "Vostok" ships; scientific results of
medical and biological research conducted during the second
group space flight) Vto'roi gruppovoi kosmicheskii polet i neko-
torye itogi poletov sovetskikh kosmonavtov na korabliakh
"Vostok"; nauchnye rezulltaty medikobiologicheskikh issledovani-i,
provederaWkh vo vremis. vtorogo gruppovogo kosmicheskogo poleta.
Moskva, Nauka, 1965. 277 p. (MIRA 18:6)

AUTHORS:
TITLE:
Khlebnikov, G.I., Dergunov, Ye. P.
-----------------
The Production of Solid Uranium-, Neptunium-, Plutoniuja- and
Americii"@'Layers by the Electrolytic Depositing Method
(Poluohaniye proohny1ch sloyev urana, neptuniya, plutoniya I
ameritsi,va metodom elektroliticheikogo osazh(leniya)
376-377 (USSR)
PERIODICAL: Atomnaya Energiya, 1958, Vol. 1@, Nr 4, Pp-
ABSTRACT: The electrolytic depositing method was aniployed for the produc-
tion of the layers. In order to improvetheir strength a complex
former is added to. the electrolyte, viz. ammonium oxalate
(dissolved in water: 0.05 -to 0-07 M) or formic acid.
For a target with 0.5 x 1 2 cm qnd a thickness of layers of
M5 - 0-25 mg/cm2 0.5 - EO cnY unonium oxalate is poured into
the electrolyzing vessel. The distance between the electrodes
is from 1.5 to 2.0 am. Next, - 0.2 =3 nitric acid@- or'hydro-
chlorio acid solutions of the element to be electrolyzed
(U+6. Np+4, pu+4) Is added accompanied by vigorous stirring.
By the addition of concentrated NH,@H the pH-value of 8-9 is
Cara 1/2 attained.

The Production of Solid Vranium-,..Neptunium- Plutonium-
and Americium-Layers by the Electrolytic Depositing Method
Electrolysis takes place at room temperatures and a cathode
current density of -100-150 MAIM 2.After electrolysis has
been completed the electrolyte is removed by a pipet and the.
foil is washed with distilled water containing no CO 2 ( with the
addition of some amionia) after which it is drIed for 2 to 3
hours in the air at room temperature. The anodes were of
platinum, graphite, 'or nickel. For the production of americlum
foils Am mi, t be dizzolvea in 0.2 bi formic acid and 0.2 11
formic acid affnonium- There are 8 references, of which are
Soviet.
SUBMITTED:. Noveinber 21 - 1957
11. Americium--Electrcdeposition
3. Plutonium--Electrodeposition
5. Thin films--Preparation
Card 2/2

.AUTHORS: Kartushova, R. Ye. , Rudenko, T. L,Fomin, V. V. SOV189-5-1-2128
TITM The Thermal Dianooiation of the Oxalates of Quadrivalee. and
Trivalent Plutonium (Termioheskoye razlozheniye oksalatov
ohetyrokhvalentnogo i trekhvalentnogo plutoni,-,fa)
PERIODICAL: Atomnaya energiya, 1958, Vol. 5, Nr I , pp. 24-28 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: By means of a recording pyrometer developed by Kurnakovl the
process of.thermal dissociation (pyrolysis) of various types of
plutonium was investigated. The state of intermediate products
was aeterminea in the Berg type gas pyrette, by potentiometrio
titration as well as by the method developed by Penfield
(Penfil'd). It was found that the freshly precipitated oxalate
of PU (IV) loses 3 molecules of water at 1000 C. From oxalates
which had been stored for 3-4 days 195 to 2,7% CO+CO are in
addition sepamted at 1000 0 as a result of dissociahon caused
by the effect of the plutonium 4--rays. At the same time partial
reduction to trivalent.plutonium takes place. Within the temper-
ature range of from 170-2000 C 2 moLeoules*of water ana 13%
G0+C0p are, in addition,, sepamted. The plutonium is reiuced to
Card 1/2 the trivalent state mai.nly by the formation of PU2-(C204)3.H2-0,

The Thormal Dismooiation of the Oxalates of Quadrivalent SOY/89-5-1-2/28
and Trivalent Plutonium
At 3800 0 the Ox&l&t* is transformed into plutonium dioxide.At
1400 C the ox&]Ate of Fu (III) is completely freed from water and
goes over into plutoniuu oxide at 2700 C in the air. In an inert
medium dissociation of the oxalate takes Place at 3300 C &000m-
paniea by the formation of #.n oxiaate carbotati. At 4600 G the
oxalate oarbonate is dissociated and the trivalent plutonium, iii
oxidized to quaarivalent plutonium, while, at the same time, a di-
oxiae is formed. There are 4 figures, 4 tableso and 6 refereacesy,
2 of whioh are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: December 14, 1957
1. Plutonim--Decomposition 2. Plutonium oxylates--Chemical reactions
3. Titration--Applications 4. Ganna rays--Performance
Card 2/2

FLEROV, G. N., POLIMNOV, S. M., KMWIYAN, A. S., PASYUK, A. S., PARFAWOVICH, D. M.
TARANTIN, N. L, KARNAUKHOV) V. A., DRUIN, V. A.). VOIXOV, V. V., SEMCHINOVA,, A. M.:
OGANESIAN, Yu. To., KHALIZEV) V. I. and 1WMNIKOvJ G. I.
"Experiments to Obtain Element 102." Dokl. Almd. Nauk SSSR, Vol. 120) No. 1,
73-5 (1958). In Russian.
il Plutonium isotopes Pus" and Pu-" weve irradiated with oxygen Ions, accelertted.
to 102 MeV. The nuckeus so produced 1;eaves the target, because of recoil, and is
picRed up-in a collector. This can be move d, in a time of 4-5 see, aver to nuclear
emulsions which are designed to register a-particles. Alpha-particles of energy
6
greater than 8.5 MeV are detected. These could come from Pu") (d 4-6n)
102@5-1,@53 . The total number off a-particles with an energy exceeding 8.5 Meyl
(those of energy less than 7 MeV could come from platinum contamination) was 18
in the irradiation of nt" and B in the case of P'Stil . These figures would give
cross-sections for,formation of element 102 of 2 x 10'"' and 5 x 10@`- ce
respectively.
G. E. Brown

21(7)
AUTHORSs Tretlyakov, YOV Pot SOV156-36-2-3163
Kondratlyevt L. N.t Khlebnikov, G. I., Golldin, L. LO
_TITLE: The Spectrum of Internal Convi,ruion Electrons Accompanying
238 -240
O"Decay of Pu. and Pu (,Ipektr elektronov vnutrenney
238 -240
konvereii.,soprovozhdayushchiih.Oc-raspad Ptx ; i Fu
PERIODICALt Zhurnal eksperimental 'noy i teoreticheakoy fiziki, 1959,
V61 36,' Nr 2, PP 362-366 (ussR)
ABSTRACTs The ifi7@istigation of the deasy of even-even nonspherical nuclei,
and.of the.-lenergy:of.exeited,leyelsg espeoiallythe-o-c-de6ay of
240:--
PJ38
and:-.P1f,_'.,_.V,, f very-,:Creat theoretical importance.
eoWof th nuclei and':oi::th6@4@4*616-:_',
see
of,daughter nuclei occurring --in-- -this decay- is 6 arri e'd @' out - e i tboor
by the OC-spectirometry method, by that of r-d- coincIdencef ort-.1
as in the present paper, by Us analysis of the conversion
electron spectrum acoompanyi;.-g this deoay. Measurements were
carried.'.out- by-ie&ns:.of- a..#,@-speotrometer with toroidal magnetio@'--'.
-f e %4e'-_o`oA_n'_aAd6 nee- -:0',' cuit.-_ The- method has -already _be6AL'-
i 1C L
Soint,,'Alation counters with sti ban
Card 1/3 d6soribed'@ (Rdf I

-The Speettum4 ofe-Internal Conversion Electrons SOV156-36-2-3163
Accompanying OC-Decay of Pu 238,and Fu240
a source of only 5,9 C was used, and the spectrum was investigated
within the range of 20 -220 kev. Figure 3 again shows the'
spectrum, figure 4 the level scheme of U 236 (daughter nucleus
-
of PU 240 ), 309 kev (6+), 239 kev (P), 210'kev (1?),
148-9 @ev (4+), 45.3 kov (2+). The lines with (?) are from
reference 5, but were also observed by Kondratlyev et al.(Ref 6),
Table 2 shows tho intensities of-the oC-lines (Pu 240 ) and the
236
energies of the U levels in comparison with the results
obtained by other authors (Refs 39 6, 7)o The authors finally
thank Go I.' Grishukj V. Fe Konyayev and Yu. N. Chernov for
helping to carry out experiments. There are 4 figureag
2 tables, and 7 references, 5'of which are Soviet.
SUBMITTEN June 14, 1958
I,ard 3/3

86741
@S/120/60/000/006/016/045
E032/E314
AUTHORS: Ponowarev, A.A., Khle G.I. and
Gavr1lov, K.A. j
TITLE: A Method for Controlling the Electrodeposition-of
a-active Isotopes
PERIODICAL., Pribory i tekhnika eksperimenta, 1960, No. 6,
PP- 58 - 6o
TEXT: A simple method of-continuous control of the electro-
deposition of m-active :Lsotopes,1wh1ch inv olves the use of
standard scintillation counters and standard electronics', is
described. The apparatus is shown schematically in Fig. 1.
The cathode 2 on which the active substance is deposited,
*rag in the form of a nickel foil, 1-5 to 5 ji thick. The area
of1the target was 5 x 10 mm 2 The material is deposited from
the electrolyte 1 and the a-particles transmitted by the
cathode produadd scintillations in the ZnS phosphor 4
The scintillations reached the'photomul-tiplier through the
light pipe 5 and the output.of the photomultiplier was
Card 1/4

86741
S/120/60/000/006/016/045
E032/E3i4
A Method for Controlling the Electrodeposition of a-active
1sotopes
recorded by a ','standard block M-10 000 (PS-10 000) It. The
thickness of the cathode was choPon so that it wotild
trwismit a-pdrtialam dnd, to angure tfitAt tho nointilidtiond
would give rise to photomulliplier pulses inuch greater than the
dark current. The electrolytic device, whIch is attached to
the apparatus, was of the type described by Yakovlev et al
13). The above apparatus was used to investigate the
effect of:
a)-the-conroentration of the electrolyte (0.1 - 1 mol /litre);
b) the current density at the cathode (10 - 300 mA/cm 2) and
c) concentration of the depo sited substance (20 - 100 Ag/cm 2
on the amount and quality of the deposit in the case--of-the
electrodeposition of Pu 239 from.a water solution of H CO
2 2
a31d NH4CO2H. The results obtained are summarised in Figs. 2
and .3- Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the amount of plutonium
Card 2/1,

86741
S/12o/6o/ooo/oo6/oi6/o45
E032/E314
A Method for Con trolling the Electrodeposition of a-active
Iscitopes
produced (%) as a function of the concentration of the
eloctrolyte (mol/litre). The points marked 1 refer to the
pr(isent method and the points marked. 2 refer to the direct
a-particle counting after electrolysis. Fig. 4 shows the
dependence of the amount of plutonium deposited on the cathode
cur-rent density and Curve 3 shows the counting rate2as a functLon
oftime for C = 0-25 mo]Vlitre and 1 =.150 mA/cm It was
k
fovnd that the best plutonium deposits were obtained with a
concentration of 0.25 molp/litre and a current denEity at the
2
cathode of 100-200 mA/cm,* Under these conditions, an 80-90%
yield of plutonium was achieved...Wlth zMhll modifications
the apparatus can also beused to investigate the deposition
of a-active specimens by vacuum and electrostatic methods.
Acknowledgments are.expressed to G.N. Olerov for valuable
advice and4uggestions and to V.A. Druin for assistance in
the present work.
Card 3/4

85565
9A 113JO S/08qj6o/ooq/oo5/ooq/o2O
B0061BO70
AMORS: @Khlebniko I G. I.@JD?rgunovq Y;_._Pj(Deceased)
TITLE: Preparation of Thick Layers ofVh-Orium, Uranlu q
VA Neptuni , Plutonium, and Americium
PERIODICAL: Atomnaya energiyal 1960, Vol. 9? No. 5, PP- 406 408 V(@
poated electrolytic depositing'Pon the2same base it was possible to ob-
tain layers of a thickness of 1 mg/OM and more. Layers of Th230 and
ionium were prepared by an ordinary electrolytic device (cathode:
a:Luminum foil, 50 A thioki anode; spiral of platinum wire, 0.5-1 mm;
electrode spacing, 2.5-3 ca:)..Thorium nitrate was dissolved-,in distil-
lod water, and the solutior.was diluted with 96% ethyl alcohol.
TI,Dr-T: Several methods are described in this "Letter to the Editor" for
the preparation of thick layers of heavy elements. Theta methods were
succesafully used by the authqe. 1) The ele@Dtrolytia method. By re-
6o CM3,of this was used for electrolysis. The effeots of current.densi,-
tj on the cathode, of the ooncentration of the thorium nitrateg and
Card 113

85565
Preparation of Thick Layers of Thorium, S/089/60/009/005/009/020
Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, and, B006/BO70
Americium
of the duration cf electrolysis on the quantity Q of thorium deposit
(ThO were studied. Fig.1 shows Q as a function of time for different
2)
current densities; the curves have a steep rise but show a quick
saturation. It was further found that for the same concentration the
greater the current density, the more rapidly is saturation reached.
'
Fig. 2 shows Q(t) for
different concentrations of thorium nitrate9
ou:rrent density remaining constant. It was found that the greaterthecon-
centrationp the more rapid,is the'l.norease of Q and the later is the.
237
sa-luration. Similar experiments were performed with Np , and by
repeated depositings layers of 1--1,5 mg/CM2 were obtained. 2) Mechanic-
al depositing by addition of organic substances. Layer thicknesses of
2
1-i@ mg1cm of uranium, thorium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium
were obtained on aluminumor platinum bases. The layers were applied
repeatedly in the form of laquers by means of a glass oapillary. The
proparation of the laquere is desoribed. 3) The electronhemical method.
U3 layers of a thickness of 1-8 mg/-,m2 were obtained on aluminum
Card 2/3

85565
Preparation of Thick Layers of Thoriun, S/089/60/009/005/009/020,.
Uraniump Neptuniumv Plutonium, and Boo0070
Americium
base They were very solid up to 4 mg,,CM2 The strength of the layer
depended essentially on the-initial p1l of the uranyl nitrate solution
(optimal PH1*3). This method has been known since 1953 (Ref-7). 4) The
method of precipitation from suspensions. By this method it is possible
to obtain thick layers of thorium, uranium, and transuranic metals but
they are not very solid,(for example, 1.2 mg1cm ThO 2. on aluminum).
Z. S. Gladkikh is.thanked for help in the work., There are 2 figures
and-7 references: 5 Soviet, 1 U39 and I German.
SUIMITTED: April 11, 1960
Card 3/3

FLEROVg G.N.; POLIMANOV, S.M.; KARAMYAN, A.S. @deceasedj; PASYUK, A.S.;
PARFANOVICH, D.M.; TAUNTIN, N.I.; KARNAUKHOV, V.A.; DIRUIN, V.A.;
VOLKOV, V.V.; SEMCHINOVAj,A.M.; OWESYAN, Yu.TS.,- KHALIZEV, V.I.*..
KHLEBNIKOV, G.I.; MYASOYEDOV, B.F.; GAVIULOV, K.A.
Experiments to produce element No. 102. Zhur. eksp. i teor. fiz.
38 no.1:82-94 Jan 1600 (MIRA 14:9)
1. Sotrudniki Ob"edine nnogo instituta yadernykh issledovaniy (for
Polikanov, Oganesyan, Gavrilov). 2. Sotrudnik Instituta geokhimii
i analiticheskoy kbimii AN SSSR (for Hyasoyedov).
(Transuranium elements)

S/656/61/000//000/007/007
D244/D304
AUTHORS: Xhlebnikovq Mop Simanovq YuoPap and Vemkovap OaGo
TITLH: Investigating the solid phase reactions between CaOy,
and U3 08
SOURCE: Spitsyng V.Ioj ed. Issledovaniya v oblasti khimii
urana; sbornik statey (Moscow) 1961, 292 - 301
TL,'XT,. The.authors investigated solid phase reactions between U 06
and CaOy U 30. and V20 5 and Ca(VO 3)2 and U306 a Thermalq X-ray ani
crystallographic analyses were the main methods used in this work.
The thermal analysis was conducted by registering the cooling and
heatIn curves (directly and differentially) on a recording TIIC-52
(PK-525 pyrometer of N.S. Kurnakov with the attached low-resistance
potentiometer TITITH-1 (PPTN-1). X-ray analysis was carried out with
the use of X-ray tube of the 6CE (BSV) type with a copper anodea
The polarizing microscope Mi?,H-5 (MIN-5) was used for the crystal-
lographic analysis. One part of CaCO and two parts of V 0 were
3 5
Card 1/3

S/e656/61/000/000/007/007
Investigating the solid phase ... 11244/11304
taken for studying the interaction between CaO .and V20 50 Thermal
analysis of this mixture indicated that between 5950 and 6030C
Ca(VO, 3)2 is formedg which forms a eutectic mixture with V 2 05 melt.-
ing at 61800. The formation of Oa(VO 3)2 is confirmed by the X-ray_
and crystallographic analyses. The same result was obtained by hea-
Ling 1 s 1 mixture of CaCO .and V 0 . Heating of the 2 a 1 mixture
3 2 5
gave the formation of Ca(VO 3)2 at 61100 and also Ca 2 V907 at 6880C9
which. melts at 972 - 9730C.*The interaction of U 3 08 with Ca(VO 3)2
and Ca2 V20, was studied iIn a current of air. Oa(VO 02 and U30 8 in.-
vestigated were mixed in the ratio of 3 - 2 and 3 ; 1 respectively
(mixture I and III). Also 3.Parts of CaV 0 were heated with 1 part
2 5
of U 308 (mixture II)* The heating ras continued up to 11000C* The
results obtained indic ate thaT,a complex compound is formed from
Ca(VO 3)2 and U308 having composition III. The author6 postulate
Card 2/3

8/656/61/000/000/007/PO7
Investigating the solid:phase ... 'D244/D304
that the formula of the compound is C.aU02' V20V The heating of mix-.,
ture II gives a reaction at 850 - 86300 corresponding to the.formix-
tion of new compounds different from the reactants and also CaUO 4',
V 0 and CaUO V 0 On thelbasis of the results obtained the authors
2 5 2 2 70
conclude that at temperatures up to 11000C CaV 0 does not react
51 7
with V 0 andp alsog that CaV 0 forms with U 0 in air CaUO V 0
2 5 12 7 3 8 2 2 7
which does not react with excess of TJ3080 The authors give for the
first time interplanardistances for the crystalline lattices of
Ca(VO 3)20 Ca 2V207and CaU02V20 V There are 7 figures, 6 tables, and
8 references: 3 Soviet-bloc and 5 non-Boviet-bloc. The reference to
the &Iaglish-language publication reads as follows: J. Mellor, A
compro treato on inorg. and theor. chem.9 9, 12, 193).
Card V3

23878
S/18 61/003/001/011/020
A051YA129
AUTHORSs Gavrilovo K.A.,.W@rasoyedovq B.P., Khlebnikov, 0.1.
TITLEt The produotion of tarj,-Sta from platonium for the irradiation on a
cyclotron with multi-oharge i0r.0
PERIODICAL3 Radiokhimiya, y no .1, 1961, 62-67
TEXTs The article deals'iit"k.,a desoAption of thi iroduotion of targets
made from specially purifiee,@'jampleo of plutoniumo which are used for pro-
duoing the 102nd element, The authors studied the possibility of producing
pure plutonium by eliminating ultra-small quantiti Tlg Hgq Big Pb,
in pu2399 pu240 112of re@
Pt. They were ablo to obta v and Pu isotopes, containing
Pb,-- 0.011T to 100 ly,of Pu and other interfering elements below the sensiti-
vity line of the activation method. Finally, they prepared targets, ihich
were ui3ed for the production of the 102ad element from purified semples of
plutonLum by the electrolytic method and the method of evaporation with
Card 116

2
6 610003/001/011/020
8/18 1
The pr*duction of targets from plutoniunt A04A;29
tetraet hyleneglyoo 1. Admixtwresf.su@h as Tly, Egg Bit Pb? Ptp are thought to
be rather dangerous in the ta:rSit,m-aterial, oven in small quantities, sinoo
durIng the interaction of multi-charge ions with elements they form isotopes
emitting CL-partiolee mith an.dAergy olose to*the energy of the cL-particlee
of the 102nd element and,& great number of CC-partioles of other energy
levels oreating a rather high background impeding the viewing of the photo-
plates. 2The thickness of-the plutonium layer.on the-targets *&a about
200 r/oM 2. The quantity of the stabilizing material was not to exceed about
200 -r1om caloulatid'du the copper equiv&IeAt. The administration of'the
plutonium isotop4g.had to be oarried out on very thin linings to avoid a
decrease in the.energy of the bombaiding partioloss since the formation
oross-sePtion of thiltrans-uranium elements depends to a large extent on the
energy Qf these partialbso The work was,based on-the fact that plutonium
(IV) Is wellextracted from a 5 n nitrate solution with diethyl ith6rowhere-
as the main interfering elements under these conditions barely pass into the
ether phase (Ref 3). The second purification stage -of plutonium we$ based on
the formation of Ptt Bit Hgg.Tl3+ stable anion complexes and their sorption
by the anionite within a wide range of H01 concentrations (Ref 4). The ex-
Card 2/6

The production of targets from plutoniunt
238713
S1186 61/OC3'OC1/011/020
A051 1129
periments showed that the NO- ions even at low ooncentrations (-,"0.01 M) ex-
tromeLy hinder '(rV 100 times)3the Purif iastion of plutonium from lead and bie.-
muth = the ion-excharg-ing %@ol;imn. It Is assumed that when heating tetra-
-valent plutonium in 11 n HC1 itp- partial reduction to the tri-valent etate
'takes place. The w!)r,k oaxri6d out resulted in the production of --lutonictm
camplea as given 0ove. The targeta wors produced by oleo tr,@ ly-jkis .-r
simple application of aotive solutionsq:uslng organic additives. Li.. !,ti,;
came -:.@f electrolysis the methM ,@f plutonium formation from fc-mate i-,
WU5 Chr-Ben (Ref 5p6) en I.: , -,- 4 @ -@, 1 . ,'I .
@, 1.
stable layers. The at;Af.,-
i. e. , an interf eriag
the elactrelyti.,@, proGsoaq Jf,@,crd'nr cri @@t@ t-rl
lysis time, with reapqat 1@-. o-Lll%@ro ;jto) J alded irai2
mineral ar-ids and alks.l-. Th-- tha;,
0.1 A in.-I KOH ",ho amf@i@nl, p!,;at).n-jm
on tho u- a' .-hode 1 4, q,@j I., ri "'t-IM teb V.Ar i,@,u!3 e,;; t rc.id-l
were testod for li@qe,
nickel, molybdenum, pall-jdl@r;: -;n-i The Zr..'
Ca:ed -3/6

"/186/6-,/00-1/001101,11020
The productinn. or targeto rr,)m p1ut-,)ni,;jm A Orj 1 /A t 219
@ro-ved unsuitable
Mo, Pd and W, etc. 1-;th passi've wid p
due to their dizsclut-.11@.,m during the Oz@,otrolyti,., pro-@,i,3s. The ,illy euitable
fr@linl. 7-ere mad-,, of rhodium .-.r graphil.e. study was made of the
depos.'%A-ing pr-.)ee,ps@s :,f dependingr,,,a the rr the eleotro-
lyteg.ourrent density, time,"d. typi-@' ot lining (All, V. Ki, Nb). The authors
assume that under thA sele-itad uoniitinwn of PlInton-lum (IV) and
;Lre those depositea mainly on the t-athode. Fig 2 is a graph of the re-
lationship of the plutonium yield on the t&rget to the amount of po-tasaium*
bromate. The graphs (Figs 2-4) show that the oh&oge of -the pH (from 3 to 7)
has no significant effoot on the electrolytic depositing procese of plutonium,
The graphite anode was alse f,=d to be suooessful in pddition to the rhodium
one. The authors point o-At that the advantage @f.the'svaporation method with
tetraothyleneglyool for pr9ducing targets lies in the fact that it eliminates
the entering of impurities into the target, which can @oocux:during eleotro-
lysis due to anode dissolution. It also give5 good layers on small areas.
There are 2 tables, 4 figures and 6 referenoess 4 Soviet-blea, 2 non-Soviet-
bloc.
Card 416