SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KHLEBNIKOV, G.I. - KHLEBNIKOV, N.S.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000722030002-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2001
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT


R mw= a
PERFILOV, N.A.; SOLOVIYEWIP Z.I.; FILOV, ILA.;
Spontaneous triple fisjion of curium-21a. Dok-1. AAIIT i,;SR 136
no. 3:581-582 Ja 161. (KM 14:2)
1. Radiyevyy institut, imeni V.G. Kh1opina SSSR. Predstavleno
akader,dkom Kom;t,,-.ntinovym.
.(Curium--Decay)

m6a6m, and.
V
rd

:x'- i@',

GELIKKAN, 11. T.;,n@@NIKGVI_G. 1.
"quasiclassidal'model of ternary fission."
itpurt-submitted for Intl Gonf on Low & Medium Energies Nuclear Physics,
Paris, 2-8.jul 64.
Kurchatov Instj Moscow.

VEIZNXIN, S*G., profeasorHQffMRiW%-&Q*Kaw kandidat tokhaicheskikh nauk;
CHURILIN, M.S., kandIdat takhnichaskM nauko
Using sulfurous diesel fuels in T12 diesel locomotives. Vest.TSNII
WS no.1:13-18 1 157. (HLRA 10:3)
(Locomotives--Puel consumption)

LIA tM @@
KffI J91m BE-LOY, M.P.y red.-, WDALOVAy M.D.p
-__ANIKQZO 4jXLHikoIayevichj
tekbne red a
[Nikolai Shcheglovo crew leader among construction workerel Bri-
gadir stroltelei Nikolai Shebeglov. Khabarovsk., Khabarovskoe,
:knishnoe izd-vo 1958, 28 p. (KIRA 3-4:9)
tConstructiou @orkers)
I

nafma-fzl vQQ-,)/VWT(1)1r1zr(1e)W2 Nura Tr/DD/GD/GW-
ACC NR-s-kio-9648-1 SOURCE CODEs. UR/0OO0/66/0O0/0O0/0D36/0G-J?..
j!zhanov. I* Mo; -Y&J61 Beregomkino As V,
AUTHOR: A @V. 1. 1.1 B&tUrSnkQx
Rganov. P. Y, & Kovalev V. V.s Kondrakov, V. M.1 Kraeovskiy,-A. Sot Kuznetsov, 0. No;
@Vt; Nistratoy, VLL; T6re Iuv, V. 6.1 Fedorov. Too Ael
Khlebn:Lkov
ORG: none,
TITLE: Some results of the postflight. qr0amination of P. I. Belyayer and A, As Iaonov
P, I Apacecraft [Paper presented at the Con ference
following 'their flight on t YaAkhad 7Z
on Problems of Space Medici. eld-in Mosdow from 24 to 27.May 19661
SOURCE: Konferentsiya po problemam,koeMeh6skoy meditsiny, 1966o Proble4
kosmich 'eskoy-meditainy. (Problems of aplace,lmadicine); materialy konferentaiij,
Moscow, 1966, 31 6-37
TOPIC TAGS: space medicine, postflight'medicil examination,'bodily fatipep.body
weight, cardiovascular system,,-oculocar'diac*reflex, unconditioned reflex, space
psychology, oxygen consumption# respiration# pulmonarylvintilation/Voskhod-2
ABSTRACT: Postflight examinations of the Voskhod-2.crew,lmembers, Leonov
land Bel@aiyev,* wire"' performed on the thiid and fi@4th days after the flight'
e i ; 1,
:and agaiii a month later. The:commonauts'!'complained of light fatigm
:Tli6y wero found to' have hy p*ererhia of the.'mucosa of thi nose and thi-bat
.@@d. conjutictivitle of the eyell
do jpkp3m P@Akost weight
Card

AdC.NR, AT6036481
Their pulse showed a certain lability. Pulse frequency ros@ significantly,
''2 !during mild physical exertions and changes in the position'of the body.
@There was an increase in intraventricular conductivity, " Increase in
;the systolic index (7-1176), and a delay in restoration of hemodynamic
indices after physical exercise.
Belyayevi s oxygen, consumption increased by 2316 and Leonovt a ;3
by 1416 as compared with preflight levels;. Vital capacity of the lungs
diminished by 8-1216, while pulmonary ventilation increased by 151-18%.
'Neurological examinations revealed a light tremor of. the fingers a
high orthostatic reflex with an absence of pulse reaction to the oculo-,
cardiac reflex, and an increase in the slow bioelectrical activity of the
brain cortex. , Psychological tests revealed an increase in distribution
and in the middle magnitudes of the duration of the period of sensory
motor reaction. Since this was not accompanied by errors, it is possible"
to assumi!'that *Uie fatigue observed in cosmonauts was a compensatory
reaction',, Blood and urine examination on the third day afte@ flight did.
not differ. substantially. from preflight levels. Biochemical examinatio
uncovered an Increase of chlorides,, adronalLn, noridrenallni and
X@-!@q6orticosteroidisi th the urine.
Card 2/
3--

7
L 08268-67
-ACC:-Mi@7ATG(*"83:
The observed shifts in physiological fndices were sho'rt-te'rin and.
reversible. They indicated the development of moderately marked
t, the
fatigue In the subjects. Thus, despite the complexity of the fligh
postflight examinations revealed only moderate,functional changes in
the two cosmonauts. There was no difference in the nature of these
changes in the cosmonauts. Th a Indicates a high degree.of training
I
and a good neuropoyohologicid and physical pr?p@@ation for Macefl@jft@.- 1
[W-. A--. Rspart 66-U63
22;
SO CODEs 069 22 SUM D&TRt OWAM'
Q4 3/3--
Pop 1@ 4 bo

GUKIN, V.; KUZNETSOVA, M*j starshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik; KMBNIKOV., I
miadshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik; AKHAPKIN, A., tekh-nolog
Mechanized swine-fattening farm. Sell, stroi. no.7:12-13 l62.
(MIRA 15:8)
:1. GlavrKfy zootekhnik sovkhoza "Moa#kov-skiy" Novosibirskoy oblasti,
(for Gukin). 2. Zapadno-Sibirskiy filial Akademii stroitellstva i
arkhitektury SSSR (for Kuznetsova).
(Swine Muses and equipment)

MIKOT, 1,A,
Survey of river and lake bottoms by means of a vertical angular.
intersection of water surface points. Sbor.gt.po good. no.3:77-83
'53. (Hydrographic surveying) (mm 9:6)

XHIJMXOV-Y-44.-,-.doteent,.kand,tel,.hn,nauk;. MIZTUMSKIT, VA., dotsent, kands
takhn. naulc
Determining the ooeffic ant of suotion and caPacity of wellpoints
by the mixing method. lrv4 LIXHT no.165:179-183 159.
(MIRA 13:6)
(Drainage-ftApment and supply)

-AT6o22,!51'1--. -S~6Ug-66Dgi-OR:/0000/C6/OOC~looo/OD10/0619..-.-@
ACC NR,
AUTHM: Khlebriikov, I. N.
ORG none
TITLE-. Approx@anate method for analysis and calculation of.principal characteristics
of the amplitron
SOURCE: Vsesolruznaya nauchnaya sesslya, posvyashehennaya Dnyu radio. 22d, 1966,
Sektsiya elektronikis Doklady. Moscow, 1966, 10-19
TOPIC TAGS: waplitron, platinotron, SHP amplifier
ABSTRACT: Mutinct from the well-known G. Dombrowskiy method (Trans IRE, 1959, ED-6I
no. 4, 419), a new method is suggested which uses the averaging of S11F potential f
along the interaction space in the amplitron; this technique permits reducing the
amplitron problem to a problem of an induced current in an equivalent magnetron. The
space charge is represented as phase-focused converging electron spokes; thanks to th6:
radial SHF-field component, the electrons are focused as they fly toward the anode,
which makes the charge density, in the spoke, under dynamic conditions practically
Iconstant. A formula for the induced current-is developed which is applicable to
narrow spokes having any base shape. By using the above space-charge representation
and the induced-current relation, formulas are deduced for the amplitron gain, output
power, and efficiency; they permit calculating principal characteristics and parametersI.,
of the amplitron under normal conditions of its operation. Orig. art. has: 3 figures
and 26 formulas. L
SUB COrst 09 / SUBK DATEz OgApr66-1 CRIG REF; 004 OTH REFS 001
Ard ill

SOV/137-58-11-22063
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 11, p 33 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Khlebnikov, 1. Ya.
TITLE: Certain Special *Features of the Design of Blast Furnace Nr 5 of the
Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant (0 nekotorykh osobennostyakh
.konstruk-tsiy dom ennoy pechi Nr 5 Chelyabinskogo metallurgi-
cheskogo zavoda)
PERI4DICAL- Tekhn. -ekon. byul. Sov. nar. kh-va Chelyab. ekon. adm. r-na,
1958, Nr 2, pp 15-18
ABSTRACT: The cooling systern-of blast furnace Nr 5 is evaporative. Wate r
consumption for cooling is reduced, by an average of 98.750/o. Co.n-
sequently it is possible to use softened water free of matter in sus-
pension and scale-formers. The blast-furnace coolers, and the
stove hot-b,!ast and cut-off valves are being re-equipped for.evapor-;
ative-cooling. The overall economic effect of the utilization of
evaporative cooling will be about 1.5 to Z.0 million rubles per year.
M. M.
Card 1/1

KREXLYANSKIY, Aleksandr Nikolayevich; redaktor; SXKBNOTA.
M.M., redaktor isdatelistva; KRONOVA,Te.A., takhnicheskly redaktor
[Manual for the shija handler) Pamiatnaia knishka sudovoditelia.
Moskva, Izd-vo INcrekoi transport,0,1956. 229 p. (MLRA 10:2)
(Seamanship)

BOY, Aleksey,lavrentlyevicl%e IBNIKOV L.L*, -red.; SMWOTA, K.Raq
red. lod-va; TIIMONOTA# Te.A., takhn. red.
[Hiandbook for ship handlers] Spravochuli sudovoditelia, Moskya
Izd-,vo "Korskoi transport, ", 190.- 350 P.
(Ships)

ALEKHR, S.V.., doktor tekhn. nauk, prof.; GROKHOLISM, N.F.
@Ukhno hi @,&U. 'ZOLOMIKOVO. I.M. p kazd. tekhn.
nauk.9 dots.g KOCHUGO P.L,.-kand-i@,;tekhn. naukv dots.;-
MALYSHEVp G.N., kand. tekhn. naukp prof.; XHLEMUO'V,,,
kando tekhns naukp rateenzentl-PISAREV, N.G.p kand. tekhn.
nauk,, dots.p retsenzent% ODING)I.A., ka-md. tekhn. nauk,
dots.p retsenzent; KURENXOV, I.I., kand. tekbxi. nauk,
retsenzeW, FROXQF?YEVk@js.I.,q--inzh.,, retsenzent3 YAKOVLEV,
D.A., inzh.; retsenzent-tzhMG-EMA, I,N,p red.
(Design of technological processes for the manufacture of
billets and parts for the rolling stock of railroads@
methodolnglea.1 ms=a2 on,the technologleeL). aspects o--' di-
ploma projents prepared in,,Linstitutillins-of higher learning
of railroad transportation Proektirovanie telchnologicheakikh
protsessav proizvodstva zagotcvok i detalei pf)dvizhnDgo so-
stava zheleznykh dorog; uohobno.-metodicheskoe 'osobie po tekh-.
p
nologicheskoi chasti,diplomnogo proektiro-vani-'La v vuzakh zhe-
leznodorozhnogo transporta. Moskvap Wes. zaochnyi in--t in-
zhel-dor, transporta. Pt-.l. 1964. 202 p.
(MIRA 180)

MMUNIKOV, Me kooky&)
Conducting classes in electromagnetism. Fis. v shkole 14 uo.5:
28-!38.3-0- 154. OOM 7;9)
(311sotromagnetism-Study and tewhing)

N ko la h - SUT
ZHDANOV, Leonid Sergeyevich; N kola 1,,h- BUTOROT, I.P.
rad4mitoi
redattor; RYDNIK, V-L,redaktori; O"a hnicheskiy
redaktor
[A course in physics for technical schools] Kurs fiziki dlia
takhnikamov. Pod red. W.P. Suvorova. Kookya, Gos. izd-vo
tekhniko-taorst@ lit-ry. Pt.l. (Keehanics and molecular physical
.Mekhanika i molakallarnata fizika. 1956. 391 P. (Km. IWO
(14achanice) (Molecular dynamics)

1,9 13 _g Q
VHUFOV,, Isonid Se*eiji- 4 Xi SUVCROT. N.P.,
red..- RYDHIX, re *. M-O
[A course in p4sice f or engineering schoole1jurs fisiki dlia
-V
tokhnikumov, Moskva, -Gos.isd o tekhniko-toorst. lit-ry, 1957.
Pt.2. Ellectricity.' optics, physics of the-atom and, the atomic
nucleus] Alekt riches Woo optiks, fi4iks atwe i stomn o ladra,
.Pod red. H.PaSuvorova. 488 P& IMIRA 11:2)
(Physics)

-YARSHURIN-)"'A-A KI* i I tj, inzh- SIBAROV@Ytixaf
inzh.; FOMICM5'T,A,,,jnzh.; NEW= I M,F.p in2h.;_
POTAPGVA., KOLYUZMIYYI G,G,., inzh,; TAGIRWA.,
r7
.-M.Iop. ihzhd; S113Y.Wy' O@Lo inzh.; STORTS, A.A.p inzh.;
VASHURIN, A.A.'.. -inzbO-.. otv. za vypusk,- KMROV, P.A.,, tekbn.
red,
(Safety engineering ripgulat ions for operating traction substa-
tions and sectionalization posts of electrified railroads]@ia-
Vila tekhniki bazopamati pri ekspluatataii tiagovykh pad-
stantaii i postov soktsionirovaniia elektrifitsirovannykh 2h8-
leznykh dorog., Moskva., Transzheldorizdat.. 1962 202
p*
WA 15:8)
1. Russia (1923-' USS.S.@.)Glavnoye uprnvleniye olektrifika..
@.tsii i energeticheakogo khoz7aystva. 2. TBE Ministerstva Pu-
tey soobsbebenlya (for Xhlebnikov). 3. TSontrallnyy komitet
profsoyuza (for Fomichev), 4..Moskovskaya zheleznaya doroga
(for Ko1pzhrW)..5.:Sv9rdIovskaya zhelemaya, doroga (for
Tagirava). 6. Yuzhno-Urallakaya zheleznaya doroga kfor
Sbifman). 7.-,Zapadn.c.@-Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga. (for
Storts).
(Electric raJlroads--Safety regulations)

02 we 0", e-,
0 to it tj d it is 16 0 to if qit it a D x va 0
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amtemmg KA%1NV___,P NOM CAM alm@_ @r4ajffwua
SEEM
--KHLE8N'IK,3V,_N. 1. -.--Dr. _Zlolog-* Scio
Dissertation: "Sanitary Investigation of the Soil of Populated Localities
@(Physical and Chemical Analysis)." Acad Mad Sci USSR, 26 May 47.
SO: Vechernyaya Moskva, May, 1947 (Project #17836)

Ecdici.ie
Sanitary analysis of'soil of populated places; physical, chemical, bacteriological
and hel#nto- logical methods
I@Ioskva, Izd-vo Akademil med. nauk. SSSR.) 1951.
Month List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, Aupust,1952 -,19A, Uncl.

LITVINOVt M.N.,, prof., red.; RYABOV, VA, kand. mod. nauk, red.,-
ICHLEBN I red.; KHAMIDULLIN, R.S., red.;
CHULKO X.F.,, takhared.
(Hygiene of irrigated agricultural fields; experimental
hygienio ressarch]Gigisna zewledelleheskikh polei oroshaniia;
eksperiwatalluye gigienicbeekie issledovanila, Moskva Mod-
gis, 1962. 299 P. (MIRA 169
:1)
(SEWAIGII--BACTMOWGY) ISEWAGE IRRIGATION)
(PUBLIC HEALTH RESEAWH)

j No No
"Summiry of Lectures for an Electronic InstrmantsCoursell., Transzheldorizdat,
388 pp, 1950. . I

Kli'll BN IF OV Molay N-.i l@z",lit- I,
[Edectron-le,
1964. 615 i

XCC NRi AM6021847 Monograph UR/
Khle-bnikov. Nikolay N i Lo Lale
Ach
Electron devices.''(Ele7ktronnyye pribory) Moscow, Izd-vo :Svyaz"', 1966, 615,p. illus
biblio. Textbobkfor students at elactro technical institutes of communications.
25,000 copies @rinted.
p
TOPIC TAGS: electron tube, semiconductor theory, diode, transistor, cold cathode
A,
tube
PURPOSE AND COVERAGE: The book was written,forluse in courses on electronic devices
at ele@_trotechnical communications institutes. The operational principles, chara.c-
teristics, parameters, structures, and schemptics of electron devices in communica-
tions engineering are covered. Current electronic equipment is stressed, Part Two
on semiconductor devices has.been considerably expanded.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:,-
!Foreword 3
Introduction _A
'Part 1. Electric,Vacuum Devices
Ch. I. -General Infromation-on electron tubes' 11
Cc d 1/6 UDC; 621,389(9_75,,,@@@

ACC NRs AM6021847
1. Principle of electron tube operation 11
2. Electrodes of low-power lf and hf electron tubes 36
Ch. II. Electron Tube Operation'with Constant Voltages at the Electrodes 54
1. Diode 54
.2. Triode 59
3. Pentode 80
4. Plate current characteristic equations 93
Ch. III. Electron Tube Operation with Variable Voltages at the Electrodes (quasi-
stable regime) -- 110
1. Methods of graphically calculating the plate current 110
2. Static and dynamic parameters -- 125
3. Electron tube noise -- 145
4. Control grid negative current - 156
5. Structure of electron tubes and their application 16.0
Ch. IV. Special Electron Tubes 179
1. Beam tetrode
2. Wide-band amplifier'tubee 185
3. Heptode - 190
4. Cathode-ray tubes 199
5.- Electron-op tical*indicator 202
Ch. V. Power Electron Tube - 204
1. ChoracterEstica and pirameters, 204
2. Power tub,% electrodes -,212
Cord L6

ACC NRa AM6021847
ph. VI. Operation of MIF Electron Tubes 225
1. Diodes 225
2. Ifulti-electrode tubeii 237
3. Pulse tubes 255
4. UHF tube designs 258
Ch. VII. Electro:n-Beam Tubes ---270
1. Elements of dlectron optics 270
.-2. Oscillo h',
g,;ap

3. b 198.
-TV pictutvtu es
4:.. -Screen 104
5. Electr6n-.i6y-iwitch6s.-.~-~307.11
6. Storage tubes 313.
Ch. VIII. UIIF Electron Tubes -314
1. @Klystrons_-- 314-
2. Devices with uninterr 'upt e d -interaction-- 339'
3. Travelling wave tube (type 0)--- 356
4. -Backward wave tube -@363
5. Devices with transverse magnetic field (type M):- 365
6. Magnetrone -, 370.

7. .e 'dove opmen
Prosoects of URF tub 1 t 382
.Part II. Semiconductor Devices-
Card 316

ACC NRa AM6021847
Ch. IX. Electric Properties of Semiconductors 393
1. Basic semiconductor materials 393
2. . .Carrier charge concentration in a natural semiconductor 393
3. Carrier charge concen'tratim in an N-type semiconductor 398
.'4. Carrier
tration ina P-typa semiconductor 4.00
. charge copcen
.56 -
.
Conductivity oVeetitonductors 401
6. Carrier charge. injection, 404
7@ Current.in a semicanductor.- 406.
Ch. X. Semiconductoi:Diodes --*408':
1. Operatiop;of a semicofiductor.diode ata constant voltage 408
2. Operation@of a semiconductor-diode ata variable voltage 423
3. Limiting parameters of a semiconductor diode - 432
4. Design, types, and use of semiconductor diodes - 433
Ch. XI# Transistors.r- 446
1. Transistor operation at constant voltage 446
2. Transistor characteristics - 460
3. Transistoe operation at a -variable voltage (quasi-static regime) 47.6-
4. Dynamic p,&rametera.at low frequencies -- 483
5. Transiator operation at high frequencies (dynanic regime) 495
6. Noise in aemiconductor devices -- 503
7. Limiting 7arameters of a transistor -- 506
8. and use -- @508
Transistov designs, types,
9; .
Prospects.of semiconductGr devicedevelopment .515
U6

ACC NRt AM6021847
Ch. XII. Semicon,ducto'r Resistois 531
1. Varis.tors,-- 531
2. Ther@istors -- 532
Part 111. Ionic Devil.es
Ch. XIII. Ionic Devices wi@h a Cold C@ithode 537
l.t Elec t.ric-,di s charge in acold cathode device 537
2 --discharge device 548
Glow.
Are-discharge- device with @a: M'Sicury cathode 558.-
4. jonic spark gapq--- 565
Ch. XIV. Heated Cathode Devi ces 569
1. Electric discharge,in a heated-cathode device 569
2. Gasotron' -- 571
3. Thyratron 574
Part IV. Photoelectric Devices
Ch. XV, Electronic and Ionic Photoelectric Devices 587
1. Photoelect:ric cell 587-
2. Photomult:Lpliers -- 593
Ch. XVI. Semiconductor and IonicThotoelectric Devices 597
1. Photocondixctive cells.
2. Photodiode 600
3. Phototriode 601
7

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L E b- A)
KIMEENIKOV, N.S., and P.A. SIN-,TSYN
Novye kislcradno-serebriano-tsezievye fotokatody. (Zhurnal tekhnicheslzoi
fizikio 1940t v. 10$ no. 22, p. 1919!-1923, dlagrs.')
Title tr.- Vew 07ygen-silver-caesim p1hoto-cathodes.
MI . Z48 1@/.o
SO: Aeronautical Sciences and Aviation in the Soviet Union,Library of
Congress, :1955

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NUTTIG, K.;_M kandidat takhnicheskikh naak [translator],
FXRWLIR,.M,A-,- ,, redaktor4
redakt r; SVORTSOV, I@M,., tekhnicheskiy
[Gas dischairging tubes in engineering. Translated from the German]
Gazorasriad',nye lampy y takhnike. Persrod K.S. Xhlabnikova. Moskva.
Goo. energ..isd-yo 1945.-90-p. [Microfilm] (KW 10:4)

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F\19
120-6-2/36
AUTHORS: Khleb,nikov, ii. and Me lamid , A. Ye.
TITLE: Photo!_electron and 3.1ectron Multipliers (A Review?
i elektronnye umnozhiteli (Obzor)
PERIODICAL.- Pribory i Te hnika Eksperizienta, 1957, 14o.61
pp. 6 - 18 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: The 'review covbrs-the'properties and working conditions
of multip'liers used for.measuring@weak light sources and short
i -produced in the'USSR First working photo ele'tro'
light pul'ses n
by Kube;skiy (Ref.1) in 1933. -This
multiplie!rs were produced
tube was in-Z,-roduced without any substantial changes by RCA.in
1934--1935'0 Kubetskiy anticipated most of the other authors, as
can be.seen from Ref.2. In the forties, it became obvious
that photo-electron multipliers can be very useful and con-
venient ixL the measurement of very weak light sources, e.g. in
spectroscopy and astonomy. A new stage in the development of
these multipliers began in,1947 when Kallman (Ref.4) showed
that, In oonjunction -with a phosphor, electron multipliers can
be used as dete6tors of raiAio-activity. Applications to
nuclear physics soon followed. Such.multipliers have three
important properties, namely, high amplification (up to
8
Card@3 10 109), very small inertia and proportionality between th@@

Photo-electron and Electron Multipliers (A Review) 120-6-:,2/36
input and output signals over a wide range of inputs.
a) Multipliers nsed in nuclear physics, Table 1'gives:conplete
data for 14 multipliers used in scintillation counters. @The
photociathode diameters range from 15 to 190 mm and the number
of dynodes from 9 to 13. Both focussed and Venetian blina
x 104 to 10
are produeed. 'Amplification factors range from 5
and rise times from 10-8 to 5 x 10-9 seese
b) multililiers used for weak.light sources. Characteristics
of 6 such multipliers are giveg fully in Table 2. The sensi-
tive areagi range from 5 x 5 =6 to 5 x 16 mm2. Two multipliers
having.sensitive elements of diameter 15 mm are also given.
Sb-v"sl Cs.,O-Ag and Sb-Cs photocathodes are em loyed. Spectral
regions covered lie between 2 000 emd 10 000 1.
c) Electron multiplier 'S. The first practical use of the
secondary electron emission multiplier without a photocathode
was described by Allen (Ref.13)- Such multipliers can be Used
for counting positive ions in mass-spectrometers. In the Soviet
Union-analogous work was carried out by Livshits (Ref-16). The.
present aUthors have investigated various multiplier systems
as well aa the following alloys for dynodes: Cu-Be, Cu-Mg,
Card2/3 ou-Al-mg, Al-Mg-Si. The latter alloy was finally chosen as the

Photo-electron and Electron Multipliers (A Review). 120-6-2/36
most convenient technologically. It ispointed out that it
would be very interesting to compare Soviet multipliers with
foreign. @: Unfortunately, there is almoit a total absence of
foreign multipliers in the Soviet Union.
There are*11 figures, 2 tables and 17 references, 12of which
are Slavic..
SUBMITTED: May 202 1957.
AVAILABIS; Li.brary of Congress.
Oard 3/3

AUTI[OR: Kh1ch.ni@o.v 11. S. 48- 1-15/2o
iITLE: New Photoelectron-,Iilultipliers (11ovyye fotoelektronnyye umno-
zhiteii).
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya AN SSSR Seriya Fizicheskaya,.1959, Vol. 22,.
Nr 1, pp. 7o - 77 (USSR)
ABSTRACT The Investigation-of the properties of the -19 which are
also'described
here served as a starting point for the develop--..
.
ment of new photoelectron-multipliers. The production of, photo-
elec,tron-multiplierd_(PV) better corresponding to the require-

ments of nuclear physics than thei .
T3Y-19 is needed. The produc-.
tion of a sdisfactory spectrometri c multiplier, i.e. of a photo-
electron-multiplier with a good amplitude-di8solving-power was
considered the most important task. The investigations were ma-
de with about loo YY -19 of current production. The results of
,
.the investigations were used by the authors as the basis for
some,modifications at the input ol' the device. Besides, problems
viere raised in this connection which referred to a more expe-
dient construction and to a number of processes in the product-
ion of device. The call for the pairing of the front-photocatho-
de-with the dynode-system was fundamental, namely the selection.
Card 1/3 of a dynode-system which may easily be combined with a front-

New Photoelectron-Maltipliers. 48-1-15/20
photooathode. Investigations showed that the solution found.A n
this :i.,espect is inexpedient in tho@q*J-19 in the elaboration of
quality-PV for scintillation-counterB. The necessity of using
additionallenses at the input also became evident. The inve-
stigation for stability slzwad that most of the devices are un-
stablo. - It is shown that in the case that the focusing of the
flow of electrons from 'Uhq. cathode is sufficiently sharp (for
thi8jtdditional electron-lenSes at the input are necessary) all
demands made on the device at the input to the spectrometricEV
are fUlfilled. Taking into account that for the purpose of ob-
taining PV working more stably, it is necessary to obtain other
dynodo-materials beside the Sb-Cs-layers, Ye. S. Shpichenetskiy
and I. L. Rogellberg tested some cpecLal alloys in the"Gibro-
tsvetiiietobrabotka"-Institute .and finally selected an aluminum-
magnetAum alloy as the most convenient one-in the technological
respect. The first spectrometric PV was given the laboratory-
mark 1 C. The establishment of the input guarantees the spectro-
metric properties of every PV which also corresponds to the
other fundamental properties - quantum yield at the photocatho-
de, uniformity of sensitivity, amplification. The same results
(,v lo(:$ collection of electrons) were also obtained in all PV
of tho.:t type 1 5 . The muliplier with a highor diew1ving power
Card 2/3 with respect to time was given the mark I B. A dynode-system

New Photoelectron-Multipliers.. 48-1-15/2o
of a circular type was used here. This system may be well com-
bined with a front-photocathode. The dissolving power with r,.e-
spect to time liesin.the domain (1 5 -' 3) lo- sec. Type 2
(diameter of thephotocathode.150 M-1) @nd @ Ll (diameter of the
photo,mathode 27 mm) were directly developed from this group of
multi-pliers. The :Ikrre&ching tests of types 1 C, 1 and 1 B
ehowel good results. The further works will follow the following
direobions: 1) mastering of the new dynode-system of the circu-
lar type with a large number of dynodea, 2) elaboration of a new
chron,DXOgical system of a linear type with ring-shaped dynodes
and 3) elaboration of chronological PV with a large photocatho-
de-surface. The following persons actively participated in work-
ing out the ney, typess A. Ye. Melamid, Ye. P. Yurlova, V. I#
Bogat;yrev, A. M. Potapov, G. B. Levin, Yu. A. Timoshenkop M. F.
Adamovich, V. F. Ivanov. There are lo figures, 3 tables and 2 re-,
ferenoes, I of which is Slavic.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
S6condar7 emission amplifiers-Properties
Card 3/3,

sov/log-4-6-14/27
13 4 koX'__=Z.7' -Mel d, A.Ye.
AUTHORS: Ahlighi N. S's and. aml
TITLE; Ener 1!@ an An lar Distributlons of the Photo-electrons
st - d Ku
fromtomplex.Cathodes (0 raspredolenii fotoolektronov
po enargiyam i-uglam vyleta dlya slozhykh katodov)
PERIODICAL: Rad;Lotekhnika i elektronika, 1959, Voi 4, Nr 61@
Pp 1668 - 1017. (USSR).
ABSTRACT-. The ilavestigation reported in the article was carried
out d!aring 1950 1953,and its aim was to.obtain the.
,data iaccessary for the design of.an electron-optical
systein..employing.complex photocathodes. The results
obtailaed by.the authors and their interpretation differ
from '@'those obtair.-.-ad by latiBr investigators (Refs, 1-6).
The eirperiments were carrLiad out by employing a
"sectionalised" spherical'oondenser having an external
diamelt.or of 100 Mm Vigure.,l).. The experimental tube
containing a spherical contlenser was in the form illustreted:
in Figure 2. The experimental results are, shown in
Figur@iss 3-11. Figure 3 illustrates the maximum ene Irgy.of
the plaoto-electrons as a function of the quantum energy
cardl/4 hA). for two tubes with spherical cathodes Curvo.1

sovAog-4-6-14/27
Energy and Angular Distributions of the Photo-electrons from
Complex Cathodes''
referel to an.antinony-caesium cathode, while Curve 2
was tej@ken with an oxygen-@s .ilver-caesium cathode. The
slope'@of the curves gives the average value of the
F@Iancli; constant. Figure 4 shows'that, for both the
above1cathodest the saturation points in the current
curvesilt changed Otepwise during the transition.from long
to shOirt waves., IThe enerSy distribution of the photo-
el6ctj-i,ons in an an.timony-c I;aesium cathode, deposited on a
platiiiium-coated glass sphere, is illustrated in Figure,5;
the ci:
,Lrves were taken for the wavelengths ranging from
620() -4 2537. 1. The angular distribution of the photo-
electii!ons.is illustrated In Figures 7,8 and 9; the
6 marked Olf were taken with a forward illuminationj
curveli
while the.curves.marked 121 were measured with backward
illumlLuationso Figure 11 shows the electron energy
distrIL.bution of an-oxygen,zilver-caesium athode for
the wilvelengths ranging r-rom 8000 --2848 The above
experimental results are employed to explain the energy
Card2/4 structure of the photo cathodes and to interpret the

sov/loq-4-6_i4/27
Energy and Angulll,ir Distributions of the Photo-electrons from
Complax Cathodes,j
f1i of production and ino of the photo-electrons
procesi ve
in th'ellemissive:la'yer.. In particular, the experiments
1
.show that the angular distribution of the photo-electrons
is axillklly symmetrical and,consists of two componental
1) a i .5ompoiient having a maximum in 'the direction normal
to tholsurface.and, 2) a component having a maximum at
a compi,iLratively large an'Sle. : As regards the energy
structi:Lres of an antimony-caesium cathode, the authors'
resultilf indicate that the.@Burton model (Ref 15) in
incorril)ct. The authors eotpre Iss their gratitude to
Ye.P. Turlova for preparing the experimental equipment.
Note firom the editor: the above article produced a
number:of criticisms (froin various sources) relating to
the mall:hod*of the measurements and the interpretation of
the experimental results. However, in view of the novelty
Card3/4

ts
r.
All 113
it
IfAl SED
!All
ji . 'z i 1 1. ;a 't I

S/053/60/071/02/09/01'i
B006/BO17
AUTHORs Khlebnikti*0-. N. B.
TITLEs FL-eonid A:eksandrovich:~Kubetakiyl(Deceased)
PERIODICALt Uspekhi J@'izicheskikh naukp 1960, Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 351-353
TEXTt On Septeml@er 2'4!,, 1959,@the well-known scientist Leonid Aleksan-
a seriolAs dis,ease.
drovich Kubetskiy-dWl from. He was bon, at Pushkina,
(Leningrad oblast') oil: Ju1j_25i-,.1.q060'- Already during his school and-
university years he wai.s very,interiested An'technical problems,
especially in electricitya From 1923 on,he attent-led the LGU (Leningrad
State University) and@@from 1925 on'the Politekhnicheskiy inatttut
(Polytechnic Institute). In 1928 he' started issuing own scientific
.papers on electronids@.under.the- supervision of Academician V. F. Mitkevicb.
In 1929 be began,sciez'tifid,researdh woA on electrovaouum,apparatus at
the Leningradskiy fizll;ko-tekhnickeeiiiy-i,,'~3titut (Leningrad.-Institute.of.'.
Physics and T40hnology). Some-of-the-apparatus constructed at that ti:me
,are mentioned. In the1olloving years he constructed photoelectronio
multipliers of the typle @9X (FEU) which founded his fame and play an
Gard 1/2

TITLE: A Phoiomultiplier Sensitive,Down to 1,300 A
'takhiiika '.-Asperimen
PERIODICAL; P@ribory i ta, 1961, xo. 3,
ppe.129,- 131
TEXT: The shortwave limit of';& photomultiplier:has.been.
extended by the present authors-Vy the use of a "wavelength-@
Bhifter", 1.,46 the 2hort wavelength radiation-is converted
into a longer wa-velengt h radiation with the aid of a suitabl*
phosphor. It wass found that thti beat results were obtained
.With the AQ-1j (ZhS-40 glass plate, 0.1 mm thick. Fig. 1
shows the spectrtil characteristics-of the photomultiplier
0.4j.p.5 (FEU-R5)!:with different materials used for the
entrance window.:' Curvis 1 was obtained with 'optical glass
No. 2311 and the 1.15 photomultiplier; Curve 2 was obtained
'with a 1-mm thick, high-quality uviol glass and an 0.:@,Y-P3
(FEU-R5) tualtiplier and curve 3 was obtained with the
ZhS_9 glass (o.l1mm thick) attitched with Canada balsam to the
Card 1/3

.27709
5/1.1.)0/61/0001003/021/o4i
A Photomultiplier 9032/2314
R5 envelope. C4rLre 3 could.not be sitended at the time to.below,
2 030 1 owing to @Iack of a suitable monochromator. However,ithere
Is eviderxeshowing that.the Sensitivity- remains' quite appreciable
down toll 500 A. @ The-Ppresent authors I recent measurements,
using a vacuum mohochromator, have yielded the curve shown in
Fig. 2. Fig* 4 shows the light output of tho ZhS-9 glass as
a,fuxxction of thickness (mm)o
There are 4 figur as and- 1 table.
SUBMITTED: AugUst 2, 196o
Card 2/3

5/120/61/00,01flAO03/027/041
E073/B535
Yergakovj, V. A.. ILavin.' G. V., Malamid, A.Ya.,
Trabukhoirskiy, Yu;V. and XhlobniUov, U.S.
Electron1multiplior w Z7 @iat
TITLZz ith a M=ally symmetrical i.
window olt 24 .,cm4 area
PERIODICALo Priboryl tak.hnika"Oksporimenta,*1961, NO-3,PP-i57 158
1 . @. I . I
TEXT: For rocol!ding wide boama oj! recoil nuclai, aloctr=
multipliers are requIred withan as Inrgo no poosibla area of the
cathodo from which the recorded partic'.on eject aloctrons. Fig.1
shown a sketch of the electron multiplier, In this paper an
electron multiplicr 4@ a dencribod,tho cathode of which in in the
shape of a hemisphorsi of 60 mm diameter with a central opening of
10 ram diameter. Aloug the axis a short 6 mm Wamater cylinder in
placed which is electrically connected with the first dynodo.
In the gap between the cylinder and the edges of the cathode
opening, a ring,with welded on 0.15 mm diameter tungsten wires
which are located along the.genarating lines of the 8 mm diameter
cylindrical surface Anaide the cathode cayity,.is fixed onto glass
AnsulAtors. A potential slightly higher than the,CAthods
Card 1/5
.7

27714,
Electron multiplier with an axially s/i2o/61/000/003/027/o4i
E073/2535
potential in fed.to the* wit,* Ocylindor" and this prodaces an
additional field that accelerates the electrons which nro raleas d
from the cathode surface by the primary particloo no that the
:
collection of electrons from the p*riphoral regions of the cAtho
6
into the dynade system is considerably improved. To eliminate
field distortions in the cathode cavity, the inlat window is
covered by a grid to which an indopendont potential can be Pod.
Electrons from the catbode, which coma into the near-axial region
of the cathode with only low onergica (duo to tho accelorating
field produced by the wire cyltndor), are under the afrect, of a
strong focusing field of the cylinder of the first dynado which
coliocto them onto the active part of its jourfaco. Then lollows
the irdinary process oil multiplication in the dynodo ny3tem, which
has 17 dynodes instead of the usual 11 in the typo (C (10)
multipliers. The cathode and the dynoden aro mad* of nu Al-Mg
alloy with an addition-of isilivon with thicUnoscon of 1D.2 mm and
0.1 to 0.12 mm, respectively. Activation is by alternating
beating in vacuum and in an 02 atmospbers at2t ,- 4506C until %he
required quantity of oxygen 0 to 5-"/cm Is absorbed. An
Card 2/5

277U
Electron multiplier with an axially ... 5/120/61/000/003/027/041
E073/E533
important advantaga of thin alloy againat other alloys (AS-Mg,
Cu-Mg, Cu_Als-Hs, Cu-Bo.V in its reactivation atter atandi.nG in air
(heating in vacuo at 3lkO*C i1or . 30-60.ain). I @Mo operation of an
electron multiplier in an follovz3 onto each naction of the'
cathode a harrow, 8 mm wido, beamof awparticloa in dirocted and
the number of OU1308 At.U6;o@itput in rocordi3d.- Fig.3 shows the
focusing curves (N - pu'laoin/060) taken an displacing thk source
along the cathode diameter._:, The half-width of the curv6oqualn
55 mm (which coincidei with,.tho diameter of@tho inlet'vin4ow) but
does not change on chqzging@tha officioncy.of the recording of the
a-particlen (curves 1. 1 And.- 3 wore recorded- for, a-particla
recordingrefficienciagi of ICO,.45 and 19%4 respectively). The
best amplitude distribution of.tho.pulace (Fig.4),was obtained
for'the following operating conUtionsi
'Number ol Electrodes Potential difference, V
Grid-cathodpo 27
Cathodo-vire.cylindor 46 20
Wire cylinder - lot-dynods- 380 ;100
lot dynodv@@ 2nd dynode .210
210-
jCard 3/5, 17th dynode@!- collootgr

27M
Electron multiplier with an axlaliy ... s/12o/61/oOO/003/0,,7/04l
E073/0535
:The authors also invest!
gated tho.integral amplitudo dintribution
of the pulaen at the output end:of@tho multiplier. Fig.4 shown the
JDtagral amplitude disti.-ibution of tho pulaos of tho;multilplior for
a and p particlong the bins on the diecriminator (V) in retarded
on the absciana whilat ;@n the ordinate the nwibor of pulses par.,
econd 'I are recor,dod.-the am-plitudo of lArger.tbAn the
a - AVch in
bias voltage (top curve 0@.@Pa:rtioloa Po bottom curve
Y-particlea CO 0
The.' plateau 'of ^.he counting in the range of
small discriminations in characterized by 100% efficiency of
recording the a-particlob. The bacliground of the electron multi-
plier for the 70% rango of %particlo rocor'dinj; in 2 pulago/soo
and in the ranee of 50%
it d as not exceed 1.5 pulmon/soc.
Ye. P. Yurlova and V. IP. Ivanov p:rtici ated in the design and
building of the multiplLier. Ther arat figures.
Abstractor's Noteg Comploto translation.]
SUBMITTEDs June 6,.lgj6o
Card 4/